TY - JOUR T1 - Direct and Indirect Measures of Frequency Monitoring in Young and Elderly Adults AN - 85603395; 9500177 AB - Memory for frequency of occurrence of novel material (Turkish words) was investigated in English-speaking young & elderly adults in two experiments (N = 15 each, mean ages 24.5 & 76.5, & 24 each, mean ages 21.8 & 72.9, respectively) via direct (absolute & relative frequency judgments) & indirect (reading speed) measures. Both young & elderly adults showed increased reading speed as a function of frequency of occurrence (experiment 1). However, when asked explicitly to identify how often a word occurred (experiment 1) or which word occurred more often (experiment 2), elderly Ss were less accurate than young adults. These results support & extend research on age-related dissociations in memory. 4 Tables, 2 Figures, 52 References. Adapted from the source document JF - Aging and Cognition AU - Wiggs, Cheri L AU - Martin, Alex AU - Howard, Darlene V AD - Laboratory Clinical Science National Instit Mental Health, 9000 Rockville Pike Bethesda MD 20892 cwiggs@helix.nih.gov Y1 - 1994///0, PY - 1994 DA - 0, 1994 SP - 247 EP - 259 VL - 1 IS - 3 SN - 0928-9917, 0928-9917 KW - word frequency memory KW - age KW - experiments KW - English-speaking young /elderly adults mean ages 24.5/76.5/21.8/72.9 KW - Elderly (21350) KW - Word Frequency (97450) KW - Memory (52750) KW - Age Differences (01150) KW - article KW - 4016: psycholinguistics; verbal learning: paired associate, serial learning, memory, recognition UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85603395?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Allba&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aging+and+Cognition&rft.atitle=Direct+and+Indirect+Measures+of+Frequency+Monitoring+in+Young+and+Elderly+Adults&rft.au=Wiggs%2C+Cheri+L%3BMartin%2C+Alex%3BHoward%2C+Darlene+V&rft.aulast=Wiggs&rft.aufirst=Cheri&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=247&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aging+and+Cognition&rft.issn=09289917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) N1 - Date revised - 2003-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-27 N1 - CODEN - AGCOEW N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Age Differences (01150); Word Frequency (97450); Memory (52750); Elderly (21350) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regional cerebral blood flow imaging with 99mTc-bicisate SPECT in asymmetric Parkinson's disease: studies with and without chronic drug therapy. AN - 85273686; pmid-8263064 AB - Regional cerebral perfusion was assessed in six patients with asymmetric Parkinson's disease (PD) of mild to moderate severity and in six matched normal subjects using 99mTc-bicisate single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Regional activity was normalized to whole-brain activity. Each subject was studied twice, separated by 15.2 +/- 9.2 and 18.0 +/- 4.8 days in normals and PD patients, respectively. There was low intrasubject scan-rescan variability in normals, with all regions showing an average intrasubject difference in repeat studies of < 3%. In PD patients after chronic oral antiparkinsonian drugs had been withdrawn, as compared with normal subjects, there was increased perfusion in the caudate and lenticular nuclei contralateral to the worst affected extremities. This increased basal ganglia perfusion was attenuated by chronic oral therapy. The clinical relevance of these changes is indicated by the high positive correlation between various measures of clinical PD severity and the lenticular perfusion. These differences in basal ganglia perfusion measured with 99mTc-bicisate SPECT in mild to moderate, asymmetric PD may be secondary to increased metabolic demand resulting from alterations of synaptic activity. JF - Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism AU - Miletich, R S AU - Quarantelli, M AU - Di, Chiro G AD - Neuroimaging Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892. Y1 - 1994/01// PY - 1994 DA - January 1994 SP - S106 EP - S114 VL - 14 Suppl 1 SN - 0271-678X, 0271-678X KW - Reference Values KW - Parkinson Disease KW - Human KW - Adult KW - Brain KW - Antiparkinson Agents KW - Middle Age KW - Female KW - Male KW - Organotechnetium Compounds KW - Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon KW - Cerebrovascular Circulation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85273686?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Cerebral+Blood+Flow+and+Metabolism&rft.atitle=Regional+cerebral+blood+flow+imaging+with+99mTc-bicisate+SPECT+in+asymmetric+Parkinson%27s+disease%3A+studies+with+and+without+chronic+drug+therapy.&rft.au=Miletich%2C+R+S%3BQuarantelli%2C+M%3BDi%2C+Chiro+G&rft.aulast=Miletich&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=14+Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=S106&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Cerebral+Blood+Flow+and+Metabolism&rft.issn=0271678X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - eng DB - ComDisDome N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Abnormal pattern of cerebral glucose metabolic rates involving language areas in young adults with Down syndrome. AN - 85161781; pmid-8131038 AB - Correlational and discriminant analyses were applied to "resting" state (eyes covered, ears plugged) regional cerebral glucose metabolic data, obtained with positron emission tomography (PET) and [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose in 14 retarded adults with Down syndrome (10 men, 4 women; age 26-38 years) and 17 age- and sex-matched controls. Down and control subjects showed no differences in the pattern of correlations. However, a discriminant function, reflecting regional interactions involving primary language areas, successfully classified the Down (100%) and control (88%) subjects. The results are consistent with a disruption of brain regional interactions involving language areas in adults with Down syndrome. JF - Brain and Language AU - Azari, N P AU - Horwitz, B AU - Pettigrew, K D AU - Grady, C L AU - Haxby, J V AU - Giacometti, K R AU - Schapiro, M B AD - Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland 20892. PY - 1994 SP - 1 EP - 20 VL - 46 IS - 1 SN - 0093-934X, 0093-934X UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85161781?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brain+and+Language&rft.atitle=Abnormal+pattern+of+cerebral+glucose+metabolic+rates+involving+language+areas+in+young+adults+with+Down+syndrome.&rft.au=Azari%2C+N+P%3BHorwitz%2C+B%3BPettigrew%2C+K+D%3BGrady%2C+C+L%3BHaxby%2C+J+V%3BGiacometti%2C+K+R%3BSchapiro%2C+M+B&rft.aulast=Azari&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Brain+and+Language&rft.issn=0093934X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ComDisDome N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Corticosteroid therapy, nonendocrine disease, and corticosteroid withdrawal. AN - 77816130; 7704695 JF - Current therapy in endocrinology and metabolism AU - Magiakou, M A AU - Chrousos, G P AD - Developmental Endocrinology Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 120 EP - 124 VL - 5 SN - 0831-652X, 0831-652X KW - Glucocorticoids KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Drug Interactions KW - Half-Life KW - Humans KW - Drug Monitoring KW - Adult KW - Child KW - Administration, Inhalation KW - Administration, Topical KW - Substance Withdrawal Syndrome KW - Glucocorticoids -- administration & dosage KW - Glucocorticoids -- adverse effects KW - Glucocorticoids -- therapeutic use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77816130?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+therapy+in+endocrinology+and+metabolism&rft.atitle=Corticosteroid+therapy%2C+nonendocrine+disease%2C+and+corticosteroid+withdrawal.&rft.au=Magiakou%2C+M+A%3BChrousos%2C+G+P&rft.aulast=Magiakou&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=&rft.spage=120&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+therapy+in+endocrinology+and+metabolism&rft.issn=0831652X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-05-05 N1 - Date created - 1995-05-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Transcriptional regulation of multidrug resistance gene expression. AN - 77789848; 7710910 JF - Cancer treatment and research AU - Thorgeirsson, S S AU - Gant, T W AU - Silverman, J A AD - Laboratory of Experimental Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892-0037. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 57 EP - 68 VL - 73 SN - 0927-3042, 0927-3042 KW - MDR1 KW - mdr KW - mdr1 KW - mdr1a KW - mdr1b KW - mdr2 KW - Antineoplastic Agents KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens KW - Neoplasm Proteins KW - P-Glycoprotein KW - Transcription Factors KW - Xenobiotics KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Carcinogens -- pharmacology KW - Transcription Factors -- metabolism KW - Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid KW - Humans KW - Xenobiotics -- pharmacology KW - Mice KW - Gene Amplification KW - Structure-Activity Relationship KW - Rats KW - Promoter Regions, Genetic KW - Antineoplastic Agents -- pharmacology KW - Species Specificity KW - Cricetinae KW - Neoplasm Proteins -- biosynthesis KW - Transcription, Genetic -- drug effects KW - P-Glycoprotein -- genetics KW - Neoplasm Proteins -- genetics KW - P-Glycoprotein -- biosynthesis KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic -- drug effects KW - Drug Resistance, Multiple -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77789848?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+treatment+and+research&rft.atitle=Transcriptional+regulation+of+multidrug+resistance+gene+expression.&rft.au=Thorgeirsson%2C+S+S%3BGant%2C+T+W%3BSilverman%2C+J+A&rft.aulast=Thorgeirsson&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=&rft.spage=57&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+treatment+and+research&rft.issn=09273042&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-05-18 N1 - Date created - 1995-05-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Gene symbol - MDR1; mdr; mdr1; mdr1a; mdr1b; mdr2 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Southwest Oncology Group phase II evaluation of fluderabine monophosphate in sarcoma. AN - 77776251; 7534752 JF - Investigational new drugs AU - Grever, M R AU - Benedetti, J AU - Balcerzak, S P AU - Taylor, S A AU - Miller, T P AU - Dakhil, S R AD - National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 259 EP - 261 VL - 12 IS - 3 SN - 0167-6997, 0167-6997 KW - Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic KW - 0 KW - Vidarabine Phosphate KW - 106XV160TZ KW - fludarabine phosphate KW - 1X9VK9O1SC KW - Index Medicus KW - Nausea -- chemically induced KW - Hematologic Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Sleep Stages KW - Humans KW - Neoplasm Metastasis KW - Middle Aged KW - Vidarabine Phosphate -- therapeutic use KW - Vidarabine Phosphate -- adverse effects KW - Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic -- adverse effects KW - Sarcoma -- drug therapy KW - Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic -- therapeutic use KW - Vidarabine Phosphate -- analogs & derivatives UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77776251?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Investigational+new+drugs&rft.atitle=A+Southwest+Oncology+Group+phase+II+evaluation+of+fluderabine+monophosphate+in+sarcoma.&rft.au=Grever%2C+M+R%3BBenedetti%2C+J%3BBalcerzak%2C+S+P%3BTaylor%2C+S+A%3BMiller%2C+T+P%3BDakhil%2C+S+R&rft.aulast=Grever&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=259&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Investigational+new+drugs&rft.issn=01676997&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-04-26 N1 - Date created - 1995-04-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genetic and phylogenetic analyses of endangered species. AN - 77774229; 7893136 JF - Annual review of genetics AU - O'Brien, S J AD - Laboratory of Viral Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702-1201. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 467 EP - 489 VL - 28 SN - 0066-4197, 0066-4197 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Phylogeny KW - Conservation of Natural Resources KW - Animals, Wild -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77774229?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+review+of+genetics&rft.atitle=Genetic+and+phylogenetic+analyses+of+endangered+species.&rft.au=O%27Brien%2C+S+J&rft.aulast=O%27Brien&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=&rft.spage=467&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annual+review+of+genetics&rft.issn=00664197&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-04-19 N1 - Date created - 1995-04-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - gp120 as an etiologic agent for NeuroAIDS: neurotoxicity and model systems. AN - 77760464; 7874383 AB - The search for an agent that can mediate the symptoms of NeuroAIDS has been directed at gp120, the major envelope protein from HIV. The toxicity associated with gp120 was examined as a model and predictor of the neuropathological and neuropsychiatric manifestations of AIDS. Studies of the neurotoxic effects of purified gp120 on neurons from the rodent CNS cell cultures indicated the following: potent and selective killing of subpopulations of hippocampal neurons; varying potency of gp120s obtained from various HIV isolates; complete and potent protection from gp120 killing action after treatment with peptides related to vasoactive intestinal peptide; and obligatory presence of glia for gp120-related toxicity. Investigations of gp120 treatment of rodents revealed: cortical neurodystrophy with reduced arborizations and swollen processes; delays in developmental behaviors involving motor skills; peptide T prevention or attenuation of the morphological and behavioral deficits/delays produced by administration of gp120; and impairment of learning in the Morris swim maze. In addition, studies of subcutaneously administered, radiolabeled gp120 in neonatal animals demonstrated the presence of toxic fragments of gp120 in the developing brain. With the use of model test systems of non-human derived cell cultures and neonatal rats, we have captured and predicted a number of the morphological and behavioral deficits associated with AIDS. These multi-disciplinary studies of the actions of gp120 and associated fragments in rodents and rodent cells predict that the loss of cognitive and neurological function in patients with AIDS are attributed in part to interference of critical brain functions by the envelope protein, gp120. JF - Advances in neuroimmunology AU - Brenneman, D E AU - McCune, S K AU - Mervis, R F AU - Hill, J M AD - Section on Developmental and Molecular Pharmacology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 157 EP - 165 VL - 4 IS - 3 SN - 0960-5428, 0960-5428 KW - Cytokines KW - 0 KW - HIV Envelope Protein gp120 KW - Peptide Fragments KW - Peptide T KW - 106362-33-8 KW - Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide KW - 37221-79-7 KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide -- pharmacology KW - Peptide T -- pharmacology KW - Animals KW - Peptide Fragments -- toxicity KW - Disease Models, Animal KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Mice KW - Behavior, Animal KW - Neurons -- pathology KW - Rats KW - Animals, Newborn KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Cell Death KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Cytokines -- physiology KW - Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral KW - Species Specificity KW - HIV Envelope Protein gp120 -- physiology KW - AIDS Dementia Complex -- etiology KW - HIV Envelope Protein gp120 -- toxicity KW - AIDS Dementia Complex -- pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77760464?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+neuroimmunology&rft.atitle=gp120+as+an+etiologic+agent+for+NeuroAIDS%3A+neurotoxicity+and+model+systems.&rft.au=Brenneman%2C+D+E%3BMcCune%2C+S+K%3BMervis%2C+R+F%3BHill%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Brenneman&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=157&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advances+in+neuroimmunology&rft.issn=09605428&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-04-06 N1 - Date created - 1995-04-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Neurotrophic factor gene expression in astrocytes during development and following injury. AN - 77759992; 7532097 AB - Astrocyte cultures were utilized to examine regulation of the expression of several trophic factor genes. Regulation by the beta-adrenergic receptor was demonstrated by exposure of striatal and cortical astrocytes to isoproterenol, which resulted in increased content of mRNAs for nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and proenkephalin (PE), as well as NGF and Met-enkephalin. Developmental regulation was analyzed by preparing cortical astrocytes from animals of four different ages--embryonic day 20, postnatal days 3 and 8, and adult. Because both the PE and NGF genes showed developmental downregulation, we asked whether we could prepare reactive astrocytes from lesioned adult brain and see expression turned back on. Astrocytes prepared from 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rat striatum or MPTP-lesioned mouse striatum contained increased GFAP and NGF mRNA. Comparable changes in GFAP and NGF could be achieved by treatment of control cultures with interferon-gamma or interleukin-1 beta. These results suggest that locus coeruleus neurons could control astrocyte synthesis of neurotrophic factors through release of of norepinephrine, but that in injured brain other factors, such as cytokines, may become equally important. JF - Brain research bulletin AU - Schwartz, J P AU - Nishiyama, N AD - Molecular Genetics Section, NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 403 EP - 407 VL - 35 IS - 5-6 SN - 0361-9230, 0361-9230 KW - Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor KW - 0 KW - Enkephalins KW - Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein KW - Nerve Growth Factors KW - Nerve Tissue Proteins KW - Protein Precursors KW - Receptors, Adrenergic, beta KW - proenkephalin KW - Enkephalin, Methionine KW - 58569-55-4 KW - RNA KW - 63231-63-0 KW - Oxidopamine KW - 8HW4YBZ748 KW - 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine KW - 9P21XSP91P KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Blotting, Northern KW - Sympathectomy, Chemical KW - Substantia Nigra -- growth & development KW - Substantia Nigra -- drug effects KW - Nerve Tissue Proteins -- biosynthesis KW - Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein -- biosynthesis KW - Nucleic Acid Hybridization KW - RNA -- biosynthesis KW - Rats KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Enkephalins -- biosynthesis KW - Receptors, Adrenergic, beta -- biosynthesis KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Protein Precursors -- biosynthesis KW - 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine -- pharmacology KW - Receptors, Adrenergic, beta -- drug effects KW - Enkephalin, Methionine -- metabolism KW - Substantia Nigra -- physiology KW - Male KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental -- physiology KW - Nerve Growth Factors -- biosynthesis KW - Nerve Growth Factors -- genetics KW - Astrocytes -- drug effects KW - Astrocytes -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77759992?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brain+research+bulletin&rft.atitle=Neurotrophic+factor+gene+expression+in+astrocytes+during+development+and+following+injury.&rft.au=Schwartz%2C+J+P%3BNishiyama%2C+N&rft.aulast=Schwartz&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=5-6&rft.spage=403&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Brain+research+bulletin&rft.issn=03619230&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-03-21 N1 - Date created - 1995-03-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Summary of workshop contributions. Third Workshop on NeuroAIDS. AN - 77759391; 7874382 JF - Advances in neuroimmunology AU - Black, R AU - Sager, P Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 149 EP - 156 VL - 4 IS - 3 KW - Cytokines KW - 0 KW - HIV Envelope Protein gp120 KW - Quinolinic Acid KW - F6F0HK1URN KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Animals KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Viral KW - Humans KW - Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome -- virology KW - Quinolinic Acid -- toxicity KW - Child KW - HIV Envelope Protein gp120 -- physiology KW - Microglia -- virology KW - HIV -- physiology KW - Adult KW - Cytokines -- physiology KW - Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral KW - Macaca mulatta KW - Blood-Brain Barrier KW - AIDS Dementia Complex -- virology KW - AIDS Dementia Complex -- physiopathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77759391?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+neuroimmunology&rft.atitle=Summary+of+workshop+contributions.+Third+Workshop+on+NeuroAIDS.&rft.au=Black%2C+R%3BSager%2C+P&rft.aulast=Black&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=149&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advances+in+neuroimmunology&rft.issn=09605428&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-04-06 N1 - Date created - 1995-04-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative metabolism and disposition of acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile in rats. AN - 77730662; 7857200 AB - Aliphatic nitriles are a class of chemicals used in high volumes in the production of plastics and elastomers, in organic synthesis, and in production of a number of food packaging containers. Toxicity and metabolism of acrylonitrile (AN) are well characterized. On the other hand, minimal information is available on the toxicity or fate of structurally related, methacrylonitrile (MAN). In an attempt to predict the toxicity of MAN, the present studies were designed to compare the disposition of both nitriles in rats. After gavage administration of equimolar doses (0.87 mmol/kg) of 2-14C-MAN or 2-14C-AN to male F344 rats, both chemicals were well absorbed from the GI tract and distributed to all major tissues. However, major differences in the disposition of the two nitriles were observed. While approximately 39% of the administered MAN dose was eliminated as CO2 in 24 h after dosing, only 11% of an equimolar dose of AN was eliminated as such. In addition, 31% of the MAN dose was exhaled as organic volatiles in 24 h compared to less than 2% of an equivalent AN dose. MAN and acetone were identified by HPLC analysis of expired organic volatiles from MAN-treated rats. HPLC analysis showed that AN is the only organic volatile exhaled by AN-treated rats. Urinary excretion of MAN was 22% compared to 67% of an equivalent dose of AN. The major urinary metabolite from AN results from direct conjugation with GSH, whereas the major urinary metabolite from MAN results from conjugation of the epoxide with GSH.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Archives of toxicology AU - Burka, L T AU - Sanchez, I M AU - Ahmed, A E AU - Ghanayem, B I AD - National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Experimental Toxicology Branch, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 611 EP - 618 VL - 68 IS - 10 SN - 0340-5761, 0340-5761 KW - Methacrylates KW - 0 KW - Nitriles KW - methacrylonitrile KW - 04S4K38612 KW - Acetone KW - 1364PS73AF KW - Proadifen KW - A510CA4CBT KW - Acrylonitrile KW - MP1U0D42PE KW - Phenobarbital KW - YQE403BP4D KW - Index Medicus KW - Administration, Oral KW - Animals KW - Digestive System -- metabolism KW - Tissue Distribution KW - Lung -- metabolism KW - Intestinal Absorption -- drug effects KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Structure-Activity Relationship KW - Rats KW - Phenobarbital -- pharmacology KW - Proadifen -- pharmacology KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Acetone -- metabolism KW - Male KW - Nitriles -- pharmacokinetics KW - Methacrylates -- pharmacokinetics KW - Methacrylates -- toxicity KW - Acrylonitrile -- toxicity KW - Nitriles -- administration & dosage KW - Acrylonitrile -- urine KW - Nitriles -- toxicity KW - Methacrylates -- administration & dosage KW - Acrylonitrile -- administration & dosage KW - Acrylonitrile -- pharmacokinetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77730662?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+toxicology&rft.atitle=Comparative+metabolism+and+disposition+of+acrylonitrile+and+methacrylonitrile+in+rats.&rft.au=Patterson%2C+R+M%3BWitcher%2C+L+L%3BHe%2C+C%3BSelkirk%2C+J+K%3BMerrick%2C+B+A&rft.aulast=Patterson&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-05-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=752&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=BioTechniques&rft.issn=07366205&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-03-16 N1 - Date created - 1995-03-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chromosome fragility and instability in human cancer. AN - 77719596; 7849084 AB - The development of cancer is a multistep process triggered by physical, chemical, or biological carcinogenic factors, with the progression to an invasive phenotype requiring cumulative genetic alterations. Not all cellular genomic sequences are equally susceptible to carcinogenic factors or involved in pathologically relevant genetic alterations. Because of structural chromatin organization and DNA replication, certain genomic regions exhibit an increased fragility and tendency to recombination. At these regions, called fragile sites, there is a convergence of specific deletions, translocations, chemically induced lesions, and virus integrations. Isolation and cloning of sequences at fragile sites are important to a better understanding of the carcinogenesis process and to development of preventive measures. JF - Critical reviews in oncogenesis AU - Popescu, N C AD - Laboratory of Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 121 EP - 140 VL - 5 IS - 2-3 SN - 0893-9675, 0893-9675 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Chromosome Fragile Sites KW - Chromosome Fragility KW - Neoplasms -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77719596?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Critical+reviews+in+oncogenesis&rft.atitle=Chromosome+fragility+and+instability+in+human+cancer.&rft.au=Popescu%2C+N+C&rft.aulast=Popescu&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=121&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Critical+reviews+in+oncogenesis&rft.issn=08939675&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-03-10 N1 - Date created - 1995-03-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Neurofilament phosphorylation is enhanced in cultured chick spinal cord neurons exposed to cerebrospinal fluid from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients. AN - 77717774; 7839827 AB - Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a neurodegenerative disease, is characterized by degeneration of lower and upper motor neurons. Serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of ALS patients have been found to exert toxic effects on neurons in culture. We report here increased phosphorylation of neurofilaments (NF) in the soma of chick spinal cord neurons in culture when exposed to CSF of ALS patients. Spinal cord neurons were cultured from 10-day embryonic chick and exposed to culture medium supplemented with CSF or serum (10%) from ALS and non-ALS patients for 48 h. There was a significant increase in the number of neuronal soma staining with antibodies against phosphorylated NF, following exposure to CSF from ALS patients. Such an increase, however, was not observed in cultures exposed to serum from ALS patients and also serum and CSF from non-ALS patients. These results suggest that the CSF of ALS patients may contain factor(s) which induces aberrant phosphorylation of NF in the soma, a probable forerunner to the formation of neurofibrillary tangles and eventual degeneration of neurons. JF - Acta neuropathologica AU - Nagaraja, T N AU - Gourie-Devi, M AU - Nalini, A AU - Raju, T R AD - Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 349 EP - 352 VL - 88 IS - 4 SN - 0001-6322, 0001-6322 KW - Culture Media KW - 0 KW - Neurofilament Proteins KW - Index Medicus KW - Microscopy, Fluorescence KW - Animals KW - Phosphorylation KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Humans KW - Chick Embryo KW - Spinal Cord -- pathology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis -- pathology KW - Neurons -- metabolism KW - Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis -- cerebrospinal fluid KW - Neurofilament Proteins -- metabolism KW - Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis -- blood KW - Neurons -- pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77717774?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Medical+Genetics&rft.atitle=Cognitive+and+behavioral+profile+of+the+oculocerebrorenal+syndrome+of+Lowe.&rft.au=Kenworthy%2C+L%3BPark%2C+T%3BCharnas%2C+L+R&rft.aulast=Kenworthy&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1993-05-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=297&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Medical+Genetics&rft.issn=01487299&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-02-27 N1 - Date created - 1995-02-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Intrapleural photodynamic therapy: results of a phase I trial. AN - 77715117; 7834425 AB - The management of pleural neoplasms, specifically mesothelioma, remains difficult. We performed a phase I trial in 54 patients with isolated hemithorax pleural malignancy to determine (a) the feasibility of intraoperative, intrapleural photodynamic therapy after debulking surgery; (b) the influence of light dose/sensitizer interval on postoperative morbidity in order to define the photodynamic therapy (PDT) maximal tolerated dose (MTD); and (c) whether first order dosimetry could be applied to this complex geometry. Cohorts of three patients were given escalating intraoperative light doses of 15-35 J/cm2 48 h after i.v. delivery of 2.0 mg/kg Photofrin II (Quadra Logic Technologies, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada), and then escalating light doses of 30-32.5 J/cm2 after a 24-h sensitizer/operation interval. Twelve patients could not be debulked to the prerequisite 5 mm residual tumor thickness. The remaining 42 patients underwent 19 modified pleuropneumonectomies, five lobectomy-pleurectomies, and 18 pleurectomies. Intrapleural PDT was delivered using 630 nm light from two argon pump-dye lasers, and real-time and cumulative light doses were monitored using seven uniquely designed, computer-interfaced photodiodes. There was one 30-day mortality from intraoperative hemorrhage. In the 48-h sensitizer/operation group (n = 33), possible PDT-related complications included an empyema with late hemorrhage in one of three patients at 17.5 J/cm2 and a bronchopleural fistula at 35 J/cm2. At each of these light doses, three additional patients were treated without complication. Two patients subjected to 24-h sensitizer dosing and 32.5 J/cm2 developed esophageal perforations after pleuropneumonectomy at identical sites. The MTD was declared as 30 J/cm2 light with a 24-h dosing interval when none of the six patients (three original, three repeat) at that level developed toxicity. These data demonstrate that resection and intrapleural PDT can be performed safely with currently available sensitizers and lasers. Phase II and III trials are now warranted at this MTD in a homogeneous population of patients with pleural malignancies. JF - Annals of surgical oncology AU - Pass, H I AU - DeLaney, T F AU - Tochner, Z AU - Smith, P E AU - Temeck, B K AU - Pogrebniak, H W AU - Kranda, K C AU - Russo, A AU - Friauf, W S AU - Cole, J W AD - Thoracic Oncology Section, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Besthesda, Maryland 20892. Y1 - 1994/01// PY - 1994 DA - January 1994 SP - 28 EP - 37 VL - 1 IS - 1 SN - 1068-9265, 1068-9265 KW - Index Medicus KW - Mesothelioma -- drug therapy KW - Survival Rate KW - Combined Modality Therapy KW - Mesothelioma -- surgery KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Mesothelioma -- mortality KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Male KW - Female KW - Photochemotherapy -- adverse effects KW - Pleural Neoplasms -- mortality KW - Pleural Neoplasms -- drug therapy KW - Photochemotherapy -- methods KW - Pleural Neoplasms -- surgery UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77715117?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+surgical+oncology&rft.atitle=Intrapleural+photodynamic+therapy%3A+results+of+a+phase+I+trial.&rft.au=Pass%2C+H+I%3BDeLaney%2C+T+F%3BTochner%2C+Z%3BSmith%2C+P+E%3BTemeck%2C+B+K%3BPogrebniak%2C+H+W%3BKranda%2C+K+C%3BRusso%2C+A%3BFriauf%2C+W+S%3BCole%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Pass&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=28&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+surgical+oncology&rft.issn=10689265&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-03-02 N1 - Date created - 1995-03-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Perinatal morbidity and mortality in substance using families: effects and intervention strategies. AN - 77696686; 7833901 AB - The epidemic of drug abuse has overwhelmed men, women and children and caused incalculable damage to an honoured structure in human civilization--the family. Moreover, during the past decade, increasing numbers of pregnant drug-dependent women have been presenting themselves to medical facilities, some to receive ongoing prenatal care, but others only to deliver their babies without the benefit of any medical services. The present chapter reviews the current literature, as well as the experiences of the author, with regard to the sociomedical characteristics of pregnant, drug-dependent women. The effects of substances of abuse on pregnancy, the foetus and the newborn with respect to morbidity and mortality are presented. Recommendations for management of both the pregnant drug-dependent women and her child, on the basis of clinical research, are also outlined. Although overall medical advances have escalated during the past three decades, there is still much to learn with regard to the effects of drugs of abuse upon families. Moreover, methods of prevention and treatment still need considerable study. By re-evaluating the areas of strength and weakness in the body of available knowledge, future research will be able to enhance the ability to help those unfortunate families that are effected by substance abuse. JF - Bulletin on narcotics AU - Finnegan, L P AD - National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 19 EP - 43 VL - 46 IS - 1 SN - 0007-523X, 0007-523X KW - Index Medicus KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Forecasting KW - Research KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Pregnancy Outcome -- epidemiology KW - Pregnancy Complications -- psychology KW - Pregnancy Complications -- prevention & control KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- complications KW - Primary Prevention -- methods KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- psychology KW - Family -- psychology KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- prevention & control KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- epidemiology KW - Pregnancy Complications -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77696686?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+on+narcotics&rft.atitle=Perinatal+morbidity+and+mortality+in+substance+using+families%3A+effects+and+intervention+strategies.&rft.au=Finnegan%2C+L+P&rft.aulast=Finnegan&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=19&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bulletin+on+narcotics&rft.issn=0007523X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-03-02 N1 - Date created - 1995-03-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Impairments in reflective cognitive functions in alcoholics: a neuropharmacological model. AN - 77134680; 8974349 AB - The ability to make use of reflective cognitive operations in monitoring and evaluating remembered events is impaired in subgroups of nominally cognitively unimpaired, detoxified alcoholics. Alcoholics, relative to controls, make more errors in identifying the source of remembered information (i.e. whether a remembered word was self-generated or was a stimulus word presented by the experimenter), and are impaired in their ability to inhibit confabulatory errors (intrusions). The cognitive-memory impairment expressed in benzodiazepine-treated normal volunteers mimics this impairment in alcoholics. Disturbances in prefrontal and frontal lobe functions may be involved in this selective impairment in cognition in many alcoholics and may also contribute to what accounts for the failures in reflective cognitive operations observed in amnestic patients. JF - Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire). Supplement AU - Weingartner, H J AU - Eckardt, M J AU - Hommer, D AU - Johnson, D N AD - Cognitive Neurosciences Section, LCS, NIAAA, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 291 EP - 298 VL - 2 SN - 1358-6173, 1358-6173 KW - Anti-Anxiety Agents KW - 0 KW - Lorazepam KW - O26FZP769L KW - Index Medicus KW - Anti-Anxiety Agents -- pharmacology KW - Double-Blind Method KW - Memory -- drug effects KW - Neuropharmacology KW - Humans KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Middle Aged KW - Mental Recall KW - Models, Neurological KW - Lorazepam -- pharmacology KW - Cognition Disorders -- etiology KW - Cognition Disorders -- drug therapy KW - Alcoholism -- physiopathology KW - Cognition Disorders -- physiopathology KW - Alcoholism -- psychology KW - Alcoholism -- complications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77134680?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+and+alcoholism+%28Oxford%2C+Oxfordshire%29.+Supplement&rft.atitle=Impairments+in+reflective+cognitive+functions+in+alcoholics%3A+a+neuropharmacological+model.&rft.au=Weingartner%2C+H+J%3BEckardt%2C+M+J%3BHommer%2C+D%3BJohnson%2C+D+N&rft.aulast=Weingartner&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=291&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+and+alcoholism+%28Oxford%2C+Oxfordshire%29.+Supplement&rft.issn=13586173&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-04-07 N1 - Date created - 1997-04-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A quantitative comparison of DNA sequence assembly programs. AN - 77130374; 8790470 AB - We have compared 11 sequence assembly programs for the accuracy and reproducibility with which they assemble DNA fragments into a completed sequence. To test the assemblers under controlled conditions, the rat multidrug resistance (RATMDRM) gene sequence was randomly divided into overlapping 200- to 400-base fragments. Various degrees of error, in the form of miss-identified bases, missed bases, and duplicated bases, were randomly added to these fragments. The probability of an error, and the type of error, was modified using an error distribution template that was developed by comparing the original fragments used to sequence RATMDRM with the final, edited sequence stored in GenBank. From 0 to 15% error was then added to independent sets of fragments, and assemblage was attempted. The quality of the assemblages was evaluated by comparing the number of differences between the assembled sequence and the original sequence. Tests were also done to determine if the order in which fragments were added to a project affected the final sequence and if the quality of assemblage was sequence dependent. Similar results were also obtained using other, unrelated sequences. The programs could be roughly divided into three groups based on the accuracy and reproducibility of assembly. Three (GCG, FAB, and AutoAssembler) consistently produced consensus sequences of low error and high reproducibility. Intermediate results were obtained with five other programs (Sequencher, AssemblyLIGN, XBAP, SeqMan, and AutoAssembler in a mode that made use of an external special processor). Less satisfactory results were obtained with the remaining three programs (GeneWorks, GENeration, and PC/Gene). The ability of the programs to edit the assembled sequence was also compared. Five of the programs were able to display and edit automatic sequencer trace files. The Sequencher program had a particularly well-designed sequence editor that allowed rapid examination and correction of assembly errors. JF - Journal of computational biology : a journal of computational molecular cell biology AU - Miller, M J AU - Powell, J I AD - Laboratory of Experimental Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. mark@helix.nih.gov Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 257 EP - 269 VL - 1 IS - 4 SN - 1066-5277, 1066-5277 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Base Sequence KW - Sequence Alignment KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Drug Resistance, Multiple -- genetics KW - Software KW - DNA -- chemistry KW - Models, Chemical UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77130374?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+computational+biology+%3A+a+journal+of+computational+molecular+cell+biology&rft.atitle=A+quantitative+comparison+of+DNA+sequence+assembly+programs.&rft.au=Miller%2C+M+J%3BPowell%2C+J+I&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=257&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+computational+biology+%3A+a+journal+of+computational+molecular+cell+biology&rft.issn=10665277&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-11-22 N1 - Date created - 1996-11-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - p16INK4 mutations and altered expression in human tumors and cell lines. AN - 77119965; 7587103 JF - Cold Spring Harbor symposia on quantitative biology AU - Okamoto, A AU - Demetrick, D J AU - Spillare, E A AU - Hagiwara, K AU - Hussain, S P AU - Bennett, W P AU - Forrester, K AU - Gerwin, B AU - Greenblatt, M S AU - Serrano, M AD - Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 49 EP - 57 VL - 59 SN - 0091-7451, 0091-7451 KW - Carrier Proteins KW - 0 KW - Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 KW - Cyclins KW - DNA Primers KW - Enzyme Inhibitors KW - Oncogene Proteins KW - Cyclin D1 KW - 136601-57-5 KW - Cyclin-Dependent Kinases KW - EC 2.7.11.22 KW - Index Medicus KW - Homozygote KW - DNA Primers -- genetics KW - Humans KW - Oncogene Proteins -- genetics KW - Gene Deletion KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic KW - Base Sequence KW - Genes, Retinoblastoma KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Cyclin-Dependent Kinases -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Enzyme Inhibitors -- metabolism KW - Cell Line KW - Cyclins -- genetics KW - Female KW - Neoplasms -- enzymology KW - Genes, Tumor Suppressor KW - Carrier Proteins -- genetics KW - Neoplasms -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77119965?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cold+Spring+Harbor+symposia+on+quantitative+biology&rft.atitle=p16INK4+mutations+and+altered+expression+in+human+tumors+and+cell+lines.&rft.au=Okamoto%2C+A%3BDemetrick%2C+D+J%3BSpillare%2C+E+A%3BHagiwara%2C+K%3BHussain%2C+S+P%3BBennett%2C+W+P%3BForrester%2C+K%3BGerwin%2C+B%3BGreenblatt%2C+M+S%3BSerrano%2C+M&rft.aulast=Okamoto&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=&rft.spage=49&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cold+Spring+Harbor+symposia+on+quantitative+biology&rft.issn=00917451&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-11-29 N1 - Date created - 1995-11-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Defining the steps in a multistep mouse model for mammary carcinogenesis. AN - 77119598; 7587104 JF - Cold Spring Harbor symposia on quantitative biology AU - Varmus, H E AU - Godley, L A AU - Roy, S AU - Taylor, I C AU - Yuschenkoff, L AU - Shi, Y P AU - Pinkel, D AU - Gray, J AU - Pyle, R AU - Aldaz, C M AD - Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 491 EP - 499 VL - 59 SN - 0091-7451, 0091-7451 KW - Proto-Oncogene Proteins KW - 0 KW - Wnt Proteins KW - Zebrafish Proteins KW - Fibroblast Growth Factors KW - 62031-54-3 KW - Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases KW - EC 2.7.10.1 KW - TYRO3 protein, human KW - Index Medicus KW - Breast Neoplasms -- genetics KW - Animals KW - Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases -- genetics KW - Genes, Tumor Suppressor KW - Humans KW - Disease Models, Animal KW - Mice KW - Proto-Oncogenes KW - Genes, p53 KW - Breast Neoplasms -- etiology KW - Fibroblast Growth Factors -- genetics KW - Proto-Oncogene Proteins -- genetics KW - Mutation KW - Female KW - Cocarcinogenesis KW - Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental -- genetics KW - Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77119598?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cold+Spring+Harbor+symposia+on+quantitative+biology&rft.atitle=Defining+the+steps+in+a+multistep+mouse+model+for+mammary+carcinogenesis.&rft.au=Varmus%2C+H+E%3BGodley%2C+L+A%3BRoy%2C+S%3BTaylor%2C+I+C%3BYuschenkoff%2C+L%3BShi%2C+Y+P%3BPinkel%2C+D%3BGray%2C+J%3BPyle%2C+R%3BAldaz%2C+C+M&rft.aulast=Varmus&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=&rft.spage=491&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cold+Spring+Harbor+symposia+on+quantitative+biology&rft.issn=00917451&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-11-29 N1 - Date created - 1995-11-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cellular senescence and cancer. AN - 77117920; 7587095 JF - Cold Spring Harbor symposia on quantitative biology AU - Barrett, J C AU - Annab, L A AU - Alcorta, D AU - Preston, G AU - Vojta, P AU - Yin, Y AD - Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 411 EP - 418 VL - 59 SN - 0091-7451, 0091-7451 KW - CDKN1A protein, human KW - 0 KW - Carrier Proteins KW - Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 KW - Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 KW - Cyclins KW - Retinoblastoma Protein KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Genes, Tumor Suppressor KW - Apoptosis -- physiology KW - Carrier Proteins -- genetics KW - Humans KW - Retinoblastoma Protein -- physiology KW - Models, Biological KW - Cyclins -- physiology KW - Apoptosis -- genetics KW - Carrier Proteins -- physiology KW - Retinoblastoma Protein -- genetics KW - Cyclins -- genetics KW - Cell Division KW - Cell Aging -- physiology KW - Cell Aging -- genetics KW - Neoplasms -- genetics KW - Neoplasms -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77117920?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cold+Spring+Harbor+symposia+on+quantitative+biology&rft.atitle=Cellular+senescence+and+cancer.&rft.au=Barrett%2C+J+C%3BAnnab%2C+L+A%3BAlcorta%2C+D%3BPreston%2C+G%3BVojta%2C+P%3BYin%2C+Y&rft.aulast=Barrett&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=&rft.spage=411&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cold+Spring+Harbor+symposia+on+quantitative+biology&rft.issn=00917451&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-11-29 N1 - Date created - 1995-11-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Strategy and planning for chemopreventive drug development: clinical development plans. Chemoprevention Branch and Agent Development Committee. National Cancer Institute. AN - 77114423; 7616753 AB - At the National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, the Chemoprevention Branch and Agent Development Committee develop strategies for efficiently identifying, procuring, and advancing the most promising drugs into clinical trials. Scientific expertise is applied at each phase of development to critically review the testing methods and results, and to establish and apply criteria for evaluating the agents for further development. The Clinical Development Plan, prepared by the Chemoprevention Branch and the Agent Development Committee, is a summary of the status of the agent regarding evidence for safety and chemopreventive efficacy in preclinical and clinical studies. It also contains the strategy for further development of the drug that addresses pharmacodynamics, drug effect measurements, intermediate biomarkers for monitoring efficacy, toxicity, supply and formulation, regulatory approval, and proposed clinical trials. Sixteen Clinical Development Plans are presented here: N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC), aspirin, calcium, beta-carotene, 2-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), DHEA analog 8354, 18 beta-glycyrrhetinic acid, N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide (4-HPR), ibuprofen, oltipraz, piroxicam, Proscar, sulindac, tamoxifen, vitamin D3 and analogs, and vitamin E. The objective of publishing these plans is to stimulate interest and thinking among the scientific community on the prospects for developing chemopreventive drugs. JF - Journal of cellular biochemistry. Supplement AU - Kelloff, G J AU - Crowell, J A AU - Boone, C W AU - Steele, V E AU - Lubet, R A AU - Greenwald, P AU - Alberts, D S AU - Covey, J M AU - Doody, L A AU - Knapp, G G AD - Chemoprevention Branch, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 55 EP - 62 VL - 20 SN - 0733-1959, 0733-1959 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Clinical Trials as Topic KW - Drug Approval -- legislation & jurisprudence UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77114423?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Correlations+between+chemically+related+site-specific+carcinogenic+effects+in+long-term+studies+in+rats+and+mice.&rft.au=Haseman%2C+J+K%3BLockhart%2C+A+M&rft.aulast=Haseman&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-04-22&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=50&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-08-24 N1 - Date created - 1995-08-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Preclinical efficacy evaluation of potential chemopreventive agents in animal carcinogenesis models: methods and results from the NCI Chemoprevention Drug Development Program. AN - 77111604; 7616752 AB - In the NCI, Chemoprevention Branch drug development program, potential chemopreventive agents are evaluated for efficacy against chemical carcinogen-induced tumors in animal models. This paper summarizes the results of 144 agents in 352 tests using various animal efficacy models. Of these results, 146 were positive, representing 85 different agents. The target organs selected for the animals model are representative of high-incidence human cancers. The assays include inhibition of tumors induced by MNU in hamster trachea, DEN in hamster lung, AOM in rat colon (including inhibition of AOM-induced aberrant crypts), MAM in mouse colon, DMBA and MNU in rat mammary glands, DMBA promoted by TPA in mouse skin, and OH-BBN in mouse bladder. The agents tested may be classified into various pharmacological and chemical structural categories that are relevant to their chemopreventive potential. These categories include antiestrogens, antiinflammatories (e.g., NSAIDs), antioxidants, arachidonic acid metabolism inhibitors, GST and GSH enhancers, ODC inhibitors, protein kinase C inhibitors, retinoids and carotenoids, organosulfur compounds, calcium compounds, vitamin D3 and analogs, and phenolic compounds (e.g., flavonoids). The various categories of compounds have different spectra of efficacy in animal models. In hamster lung, GSH-enhancing agents and antioxidants appear to have high potential for inhibiting carcinogenesis. In the colon, NSAIDs and other antiinflammatory agents appear particularly promising. Likewise, NSAIDs are very active in mouse bladder. In rat mammary glands, retinoids and antiestrogens (as would be expected) are efficacious. Several of the chemicals evaluated also appear to be promising chemopreventive agents based on their activity in several of the animal models. Particularly, the ODC inhibitor DFMO was active in the colon, mammary glands, and bladder models, while the dithiolthione, oltipraz, was efficacious in all the models listed above (i.e., lung, colon, mammary glands, skin, and bladder). JF - Journal of cellular biochemistry. Supplement AU - Steele, V E AU - Moon, R C AU - Lubet, R A AU - Grubbs, C J AU - Reddy, B S AU - Wargovich, M AU - McCormick, D L AU - Pereira, M A AU - Crowell, J A AU - Bagheri, D AD - Chemoprevention Branch, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 32 EP - 54 VL - 20 SN - 0733-1959, 0733-1959 KW - Anticarcinogenic Agents KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Mice KW - Colonic Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Rats KW - Evaluation Studies as Topic KW - Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental -- chemically induced KW - Mice, Inbred Strains KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Neoplasms, Experimental -- chemically induced KW - Precancerous Conditions -- chemically induced KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Mesocricetus KW - Mice, Inbred SENCAR KW - Female KW - Male KW - Cricetinae KW - Anticarcinogenic Agents -- pharmacology KW - Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor -- standards KW - Disease Models, Animal KW - Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77111604?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+cellular+biochemistry.+Supplement&rft.atitle=Preclinical+efficacy+evaluation+of+potential+chemopreventive+agents+in+animal+carcinogenesis+models%3A+methods+and+results+from+the+NCI+Chemoprevention+Drug+Development+Program.&rft.au=Steele%2C+V+E%3BMoon%2C+R+C%3BLubet%2C+R+A%3BGrubbs%2C+C+J%3BReddy%2C+B+S%3BWargovich%2C+M%3BMcCormick%2C+D+L%3BPereira%2C+M+A%3BCrowell%2C+J+A%3BBagheri%2C+D&rft.aulast=Steele&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=&rft.spage=32&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+cellular+biochemistry.+Supplement&rft.issn=07331959&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-08-24 N1 - Date created - 1995-08-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mechanistic considerations in chemopreventive drug development. AN - 77109951; 7616736 AB - This overview of the potential mechanisms of chemopreventive activity will provide the conceptual groundwork for chemopreventive drug discovery, leading to structure-activity and mechanistic studies that identify and evaluate new agents. Possible mechanisms of chemopreventive activity with examples of promising agents include carcinogen blocking activities such as inhibition of carcinogen uptake (calcium), inhibition of formation or activation of carcinogen (arylalkyl isothiocyanates, DHEA, NSAIDs, polyphenols), deactivation or detoxification of carcinogen (oltipraz, other GSH-enhancing agents), preventing carcinogen binding to DNA (oltipraz, polyphenols), and enhancing the level or fidelity of DNA repair (NAC, protease inhibitors). Chemopreventive antioxidant activities include scavenging reactive electrophiles (GSH-enhancing agents), scavenging oxygen radicals (polyphenols, vitamin E), and inhibiting arachidonic acid metabolism (glycyrrhetinic acid, NAC, NSAIDs, polyphenols, tamoxifen). Antiproliferation/antiprogression activities include modulation of signal transduction (glycyrrhetinic acid, NSAIDs, polyphenols, retinoids, tamoxifen), modulation of hormonal and growth factor activity (NSAIDs, retinoids, tamoxifen), inhibition of aberrant oncogene activity (genistein, NSAIDs, monoterpenes), inhibition of polyamine metabolism (DFMO, retinoids, tamoxifen), induction of terminal differentiation (calcium, retinoids, vitamin D3), restoration of immune response (NSAIDs, selenium, vitamin E), enhancing intercellular communication (carotenoids, retinoids), restoration of tumor suppressor function, induction of programmed cell death (apoptosis) (butyric acid, genistein, retinoids, tamoxifen), correction of DNA methylation imbalances (folic acid), inhibition of angiogenesis (genistein, retinoids, tamoxifen), inhibition of basement membrane degradation (protease inhibitors), and activation of antimetastasis genes. A systematic drug development program for chemopreventive agents is only possible with continuing research into mechanisms of action and thoughtful application of the mechanisms to new drug design and discovery. One approach is to construct pharmacological activity profiles for promising agents. These profiles are compared among the promising agents and with untested compounds to identify similarities. Classical structure-activity studies are used to find optimal agents (high efficacy with low toxicity) based on good lead agents. Studies evaluating tissue-specific and pharmacokinetic parameters are very important. A final approach is design of mechanism-based assays and identification of mechanism-based intermediate biomarkers for evaluation of chemopreventive efficacy. JF - Journal of cellular biochemistry. Supplement AU - Kelloff, G J AU - Boone, C W AU - Steele, V E AU - Fay, J R AU - Lubet, R A AU - Crowell, J A AU - Sigman, C C AD - Chemoprevention Branch, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control (DCPC), National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1 EP - 24 VL - 20 SN - 0733-1959, 0733-1959 KW - Anticarcinogenic Agents KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Mice KW - Anticarcinogenic Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Anticarcinogenic Agents -- pharmacology KW - Anticarcinogenic Agents -- metabolism KW - Neoplasms, Experimental -- metabolism KW - Neoplasms -- prevention & control KW - Neoplasms, Experimental -- prevention & control KW - Neoplasms -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77109951?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+National+Cancer+Institute&rft.atitle=Effect+of+high-protein+diet+on+pyrimidine+synthesis+and+response+to+PALA+in+mouse+tissues.&rft.au=Zaharevitz%2C+D+W%3BGrubb%2C+M+F%3BHyman%2C+R%3BChisena%2C+C%3BCysyk%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Zaharevitz&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-04-21&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=662&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+National+Cancer+Institute&rft.issn=00278874&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-08-24 N1 - Date created - 1995-08-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Guidance for development of chemopreventive agents. AN - 77109304; 7616748 JF - Journal of cellular biochemistry. Supplement AU - Kelloff, G J AU - Johnson, J R AU - Crowell, J A AU - Boone, C W AU - DeGeorge, J J AU - Steele, V E AU - Mehta, M U AU - Temeck, J W AU - Schmidt, W J AU - Burke, G AD - Chemoprevention Branch, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 25 EP - 31 VL - 20 SN - 0733-1959, 0733-1959 KW - Anticarcinogenic Agents KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Drug Evaluation -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Clinical Trials as Topic -- standards KW - Rabbits KW - Mice KW - Guidelines as Topic KW - Drug Evaluation -- standards KW - Drug Evaluation, Preclinical KW - Toxicity Tests -- standards KW - Drug Approval -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Anticarcinogenic Agents -- pharmacokinetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77109304?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+cellular+biochemistry.+Supplement&rft.atitle=Guidance+for+development+of+chemopreventive+agents.&rft.au=Kelloff%2C+G+J%3BJohnson%2C+J+R%3BCrowell%2C+J+A%3BBoone%2C+C+W%3BDeGeorge%2C+J+J%3BSteele%2C+V+E%3BMehta%2C+M+U%3BTemeck%2C+J+W%3BSchmidt%2C+W+J%3BBurke%2C+G&rft.aulast=Kelloff&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=&rft.spage=25&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+cellular+biochemistry.+Supplement&rft.issn=07331959&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-08-24 N1 - Date created - 1995-08-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Immunological monitoring and clinical trials of biological response modifiers. AN - 77103151; 7540029 JF - Cancer chemotherapy and biological response modifiers AU - Kopp, W C AU - Holmlund, J T AU - Urba, W J AD - Program Resources Inc., National Cancer Institute, Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, MD, USA. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 226 EP - 286 VL - 15 SN - 0921-4410, 0921-4410 KW - Immunologic Factors KW - 0 KW - Interleukin-2 KW - Interleukin-3 KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha KW - Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor KW - 81627-83-0 KW - Interferons KW - 9008-11-1 KW - Melatonin KW - JL5DK93RCL KW - Index Medicus KW - Interleukin-3 -- therapeutic use KW - Animals KW - Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor -- therapeutic use KW - Monitoring, Immunologic KW - Melatonin -- therapeutic use KW - Interleukin-2 -- therapeutic use KW - Humans KW - Clinical Trials as Topic KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha -- therapeutic use KW - Interleukin-2 -- toxicity KW - Interferons -- therapeutic use KW - Immunologic Factors -- therapeutic use KW - Neoplasms -- therapy KW - Neoplasms -- immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77103151?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+chemotherapy+and+biological+response+modifiers&rft.atitle=Immunological+monitoring+and+clinical+trials+of+biological+response+modifiers.&rft.au=Kopp%2C+W+C%3BHolmlund%2C+J+T%3BUrba%2C+W+J&rft.aulast=Kopp&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=&rft.spage=226&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+chemotherapy+and+biological+response+modifiers&rft.issn=09214410&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-07-14 N1 - Date created - 1995-07-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Structural characterization of cytosolic NADP(+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase from rat ovary. AN - 77102305; 7787968 AB - Cytosolic NADP(+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase was purified to homogeneity from superovulated rat ovaries. Amino acid sequence information was obtained by analyzing peptides generated by digestion with either cyanogen bromide or trypsin. Eleven peptides were sequenced and a total of 146 amino acids were identified. Nine of these peptides were found to be 60-100% identical with sequences from mitochondrial NADP(+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase. Conservation of amino acids was observed for residues that were previously identified as potentially binding isocitrate-Mg2+. Circular dichroism measurements showed that the structure is composed of approximately 35% alpha-helix and 21% beta-sheet segments. Temperature denaturation studies indicated that the enzyme is more stable in the presence of isocitrate. JF - Enzyme & protein AU - Sechi, S AU - Parmelee, D AU - Roller, P P AU - Jennings, G T AD - Laboratory of Experimental Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Md., USA. PY - 1994 SP - 27 EP - 36 VL - 48 IS - 1 SN - 1019-6773, 1019-6773 KW - Isocitrates KW - 0 KW - isocitric acid KW - 320-77-4 KW - Isocitrate Dehydrogenase KW - EC 1.1.1.41 KW - isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP+) KW - EC 1.1.1.42 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Protein Structure, Secondary KW - Isocitrates -- pharmacology KW - Cytosol -- enzymology KW - Temperature KW - Protein Denaturation KW - Circular Dichroism KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Rats KW - Sequence Analysis KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Protein Folding KW - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid KW - Female KW - Protein Conformation KW - Ovary -- enzymology KW - Isocitrate Dehydrogenase -- isolation & purification KW - Isocitrate Dehydrogenase -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77102305?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Enzyme+%26+protein&rft.atitle=Structural+characterization+of+cytosolic+NADP%28%2B%29-dependent+isocitrate+dehydrogenase+from+rat+ovary.&rft.au=Sechi%2C+S%3BParmelee%2C+D%3BRoller%2C+P+P%3BJennings%2C+G+T&rft.aulast=Sechi&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=27&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Enzyme+%26+protein&rft.issn=10196773&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-07-24 N1 - Date created - 1995-07-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mitotic inhibitors. AN - 77101871; 7779600 JF - Cancer chemotherapy and biological response modifiers AU - Chabner, B A AU - Chabner, E S AD - Division of Cancer Treatment, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 58 EP - 66 VL - 15 SN - 0921-4410, 0921-4410 KW - Taxoids KW - 0 KW - Vinca Alkaloids KW - docetaxel KW - 15H5577CQD KW - Paclitaxel KW - P88XT4IS4D KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Paclitaxel -- toxicity KW - Vinca Alkaloids -- pharmacology KW - Paclitaxel -- analogs & derivatives KW - Paclitaxel -- pharmacology KW - Mitosis -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77101871?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+chemotherapy+and+biological+response+modifiers&rft.atitle=Mitotic+inhibitors.&rft.au=Chabner%2C+B+A%3BChabner%2C+E+S&rft.aulast=Chabner&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=&rft.spage=58&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+chemotherapy+and+biological+response+modifiers&rft.issn=09214410&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-07-14 N1 - Date created - 1995-07-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antimetabolites. AN - 77100567; 7779582 JF - Cancer chemotherapy and biological response modifiers AU - Chu, E AU - Johnston, P G AU - Grem, J L AU - Takimoto, C H AU - Van Groeningen, C AU - Chabner, B A AU - Allegra, C J AD - Navy Medical Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1 EP - 31 VL - 15 SN - 0921-4410, 0921-4410 KW - Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic KW - 0 KW - Cytarabine KW - 04079A1RDZ KW - 6-Mercaptopurine KW - E7WED276I5 KW - Vidarabine KW - FA2DM6879K KW - fludarabine KW - P2K93U8740 KW - Fluorouracil KW - U3P01618RT KW - Methotrexate KW - YL5FZ2Y5U1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Cytarabine -- pharmacology KW - Vidarabine -- analogs & derivatives KW - Animals KW - Methotrexate -- pharmacology KW - Methotrexate -- pharmacokinetics KW - Humans KW - Fluorouracil -- pharmacology KW - Drug Resistance KW - Vidarabine -- pharmacology KW - Fluorouracil -- pharmacokinetics KW - 6-Mercaptopurine -- pharmacology KW - Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77100567?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+chemotherapy+and+biological+response+modifiers&rft.atitle=Antimetabolites.&rft.au=Chu%2C+E%3BJohnston%2C+P+G%3BGrem%2C+J+L%3BTakimoto%2C+C+H%3BVan+Groeningen%2C+C%3BChabner%2C+B+A%3BAllegra%2C+C+J&rft.aulast=Chu&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+chemotherapy+and+biological+response+modifiers&rft.issn=09214410&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-07-14 N1 - Date created - 1995-07-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - New directions for free radical cancer research and medical applications. AN - 77099991; 7771256 AB - The nitroxides are stable, low molecular weight free radical compounds which are freely membrane permeable. These properties make the nitroxides valuable for the study of and possible protection against oxidative stresses. It is becoming increasingly clear that oxidative stress is important to the pathogenesis of cancer as well as to the development of treatments for cancer. Several nitroxides have been shown to interrupt the toxicity of oxidative stress with the protection against H2O2 toxicity and possibly ischemia/reperfusion injury being of primary importance. With respect to radiation, the nitroxides have afforded both in vitro and in vivo protection. The redox activity of the nitroxides may allow for the differential activity of these agents in normal versus tumor tissues. Further study of these compounds may yield a nitroxide with clinical applications as well as provide insight into the mechanisms of radiation cytotoxicity. Finally, the nitroxides have allowed us to explore the mechanisms of action of several chemotherapeutic agents. Understanding these processes is important to the process of ameliorating the toxicity of therapies and to the rationale design of future agents. JF - Advances in experimental medicine and biology AU - Hahn, S M AU - Krishna, C M AU - Mitchell, J B AD - Radiation Biology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 241 EP - 251 VL - 366 SN - 0065-2598, 0065-2598 KW - Antioxidants KW - 0 KW - Cyclic N-Oxides KW - Free Radical Scavengers KW - Free Radicals KW - Radiation-Protective Agents KW - Spin Labels KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cell Survival -- drug effects KW - Humans KW - Free Radical Scavengers -- pharmacology KW - Cell Line KW - Neoplasms -- drug therapy KW - Radiation-Protective Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Antioxidants -- pharmacology KW - Antioxidants -- therapeutic use KW - Cyclic N-Oxides -- pharmacology KW - Neoplasms -- prevention & control KW - Radiation-Protective Agents -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77099991?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.atitle=New+directions+for+free+radical+cancer+research+and+medical+applications.&rft.au=Hahn%2C+S+M%3BKrishna%2C+C+M%3BMitchell%2C+J+B&rft.aulast=Hahn&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=366&rft.issue=&rft.spage=241&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.issn=00652598&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-07-05 N1 - Date created - 1995-07-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reversal of multidrug resistance. AN - 76952269; 7827870 JF - Journal of hematotherapy AU - Bates, S E AU - Zhan, Z AU - Dickstein, B AU - Lee, J S AU - Scala, S AU - Fojo, A T AU - Paull, K AU - Wilson, W AD - Medicine Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 219 EP - 223 VL - 3 IS - 3 SN - 1061-6128, 1061-6128 KW - mdr-1 KW - Antineoplastic Agents KW - 0 KW - P-Glycoprotein KW - Vincristine KW - 5J49Q6B70F KW - Verapamil KW - CJ0O37KU29 KW - Paclitaxel KW - P88XT4IS4D KW - Index Medicus KW - Paclitaxel -- toxicity KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured KW - P-Glycoprotein -- genetics KW - Cell Survival -- drug effects KW - Humans KW - Clinical Trials as Topic KW - Antineoplastic Agents -- toxicity KW - Verapamil -- pharmacology KW - Vincristine -- toxicity KW - P-Glycoprotein -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Neoplasms -- drug therapy KW - Drug Resistance, Multiple -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76952269?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.atitle=Cross-talk+between+m1+muscarinic+acetylcholine+and+beta+2-adrenergic+receptors.+cAMP+and+the+third+intracellular+loop+of+m1+muscarinic+receptors+confer+heterologous+regulation.&rft.au=Lee%2C+N+H%3BFraser%2C+C+M&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1993-04-15&rft.volume=268&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=7949&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.issn=00219258&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-02-17 N1 - Date created - 1995-02-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Gene symbol - mdr-1 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tumor necrosis factor involvement in the toxicity of TCDD: the role of endotoxin in the response. AN - 76950725; 7826662 AB - We have previously demonstrated that tumor necrosis factor is involved in the acute toxic effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), since therapies designed to attenuate the effects of tumor necrosis factor resulted in reduced mortality and toxicity in mice exposed to an LD75 dose of TCDD. The current study addresses whether endotoxin may be a contributing factor in the cachexia and mortality resulting from TCDD exposure. Endotoxin-nonresponsive C3H/HeJ mice and endotoxin-responsive C57BL/6 mice were treated with 350 micrograms/kg TCDD and body weight and mortality were recorded. C3H/HeJ mice showed no trend in body weight loss (p = 0.554), while C57BL/6 mice demonstrated a statistically significant (p < 0.01) linear decline in body weight of -0.23 g/day, resulting in a net loss of 3.5 g over 15 days preceding mortality. Mortality was observed in the C57BL/6 mice beginning on day 16 with 100% of the mice dying by the 23rd day while no mortality was observed in C3H/HeJ mice until the 24th day of the study with only 22% mortality observed. These data further demonstrate that endotoxin is a contributing factor to the cachexia and lethality of TCDD. JF - Experimental and clinical immunogenetics AU - Clark, G C AU - Taylor, M J AD - National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27709. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 136 EP - 141 VL - 11 IS - 2-3 SN - 0254-9670, 0254-9670 KW - Endotoxins KW - 0 KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Mice, Inbred C3H KW - Mice KW - Species Specificity KW - Male KW - Cachexia -- chemically induced KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins -- toxicity KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha -- physiology KW - Cachexia -- immunology KW - Endotoxins -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76950725?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Experimental+and+clinical+immunogenetics&rft.atitle=Tumor+necrosis+factor+involvement+in+the+toxicity+of+TCDD%3A+the+role+of+endotoxin+in+the+response.&rft.au=Clark%2C+G+C%3BTaylor%2C+M+J&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=136&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Experimental+and+clinical+immunogenetics&rft.issn=02549670&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-02-23 N1 - Date created - 1995-02-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Further ultrastructural studies of lesions produced in the optic nerve by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha): a comparison with experimental Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. AN - 76943047; 7817836 AB - We report here that intraocular injection of recombinant TNF-alpha produces lesions in the optic nerve indistinguishable from those reported for the panencephalopathic type of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). The lesions were patchy and confined to the injected optic nerve. Axons show variable features of degenerations. Numerous vacuoles distended the myelin sheath. Hypertrophic astrocytes were numerous and many active macrophages containing digested myelin debris and lyre-like paracrystalline bodies. At high power, myelinated axons were observed as enveloped by astrocytic processes; formation of labyrinth-like network of such processes around damaged axons were observed. In conclusions, lesions produced by TNF-alpha mimic those of the panencephalopathic type of CJD, in direct support of our previous ultrastructural, immunohistochemical and molecular data on TNF-alpha involvement in CJD pathogenesis. JF - Acta neurobiologiae experimentalis AU - Liberski, P P AU - Yanagihara, R AU - Nerurkar, V AU - Gajdusek, D C AD - Laboratory of Central Nervous System Studies, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 209 EP - 218 VL - 54 IS - 3 SN - 0065-1400, 0065-1400 KW - Recombinant Proteins KW - 0 KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Recombinant Proteins -- pharmacology KW - Humans KW - Disease Models, Animal KW - Middle Aged KW - Mice KW - Male KW - Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome -- pathology KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha -- toxicity KW - Optic Nerve -- pathology KW - Optic Nerve -- ultrastructure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76943047?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Acta+neurobiologiae+experimentalis&rft.atitle=Further+ultrastructural+studies+of+lesions+produced+in+the+optic+nerve+by+tumor+necrosis+factor+alpha+%28TNF-alpha%29%3A+a+comparison+with+experimental+Creutzfeldt-Jakob+disease.&rft.au=Liberski%2C+P+P%3BYanagihara%2C+R%3BNerurkar%2C+V%3BGajdusek%2C+D+C&rft.aulast=Liberski&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=209&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Acta+neurobiologiae+experimentalis&rft.issn=00651400&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-02-08 N1 - Date created - 1995-02-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Surrogate endpoint biomarkers for phase II cancer chemoprevention trials. AN - 76942615; 7823579 AB - Three critical aspects govern successful Phase II cancer chemoprevention trials--well-characterized agents, suitable cohorts, and reliable intermediate biomarkers for measuring efficacy. Requirements for the agent are experimental or epidemiological data showing chemopreventive efficacy, safety on chronic administration, and a mechanistic rationale for the chemopreventive activity observed. The cohort should be suitable for measuring the chemopreventive activity of the agent and the intermediate biomarkers chosen. Also, many cohorts proposed for Phase II trials are patients with previous cancers or premalignant lesions. For such patients, the trials should be conducted within the context of standard treatment to avoid unusual risks. The criteria for biomarkers are that they fit expected biological mechanisms (i.e., differential expression in normal and high-risk tissue, on or closely linked to the causal pathway for the cancer, modulated by chemopreventive agents, and short latency compared with cancer), may be assayed reliably and quantitatively, measured easily, and correlate to decreased cancer incidence. They must occur in sufficient incidence to allow their biological and statistical evaluation relevant to cancer. Since carcinogenesis is a multipath process, single biomarkers are difficult to validate as surrogate endpoints, as they may appear on only one or a few of the many possible causal pathways. Panels of biomarkers, particularly those representing the range of carcinogenesis pathways, may prove more useful as surrogate endpoints. It is important to avoid relying solely on biomarkers representing isolated events that may or may not be on the causal pathway or otherwise associated with carcinogenesis. These include markers of normal cellular processes that may be increased or expressed during carcinogenesis, but are nonspecific.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Journal of cellular biochemistry. Supplement AU - Kelloff, G J AU - Boone, C W AU - Crowell, J A AU - Steele, V E AU - Lubet, R AU - Doody, L A AD - Chemoprevention Investigational Studies Branch (CISB), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1 EP - 9 VL - 19 SN - 0733-1959, 0733-1959 KW - Anticarcinogenic Agents KW - 0 KW - Biomarkers, Tumor KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Anticarcinogenic Agents -- toxicity KW - Neoplasms -- pathology KW - Anticarcinogenic Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic KW - Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Biomarkers, Tumor -- analysis KW - Neoplasms -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76942615?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+cellular+biochemistry.+Supplement&rft.atitle=Surrogate+endpoint+biomarkers+for+phase+II+cancer+chemoprevention+trials.&rft.au=Kelloff%2C+G+J%3BBoone%2C+C+W%3BCrowell%2C+J+A%3BSteele%2C+V+E%3BLubet%2C+R%3BDoody%2C+L+A&rft.aulast=Kelloff&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+cellular+biochemistry.+Supplement&rft.issn=07331959&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-02-10 N1 - Date created - 1995-02-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lipoprotein lipase: structure, function and mechanism of action. AN - 76937777; 7819594 AB - Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) plays a central role in the hydrolysis of circulating triglycerides present in chylomicrons, and very low density lipoproteins. The active form of the enzyme is a non-covalent homodimer which contains multiple functional domains required for normal hydrolytic activity including a catalytic domain, as well as sites involved in co-factor, heparin and lipid binding. Recent studies involving site-directed mutagenesis, the elucidation of the three dimensional crystallographic structure of different lipases, as well as analysis of the molecular defects that result in the expression of the familial chylomicronemia syndrome have provided new insights into the structure-function relationship of LPL. As a result, our understanding of structural domains involved in catalysis, heparin, lipid binding, and enzyme-cofactor interaction as well as the mechanism of action of LPL as an acylglycerol hydrolase has been greatly enhanced. JF - International journal of clinical & laboratory research AU - Santamarina-Fojo, S AU - Brewer, H B AD - Molecular Disease Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 143 EP - 147 VL - 24 IS - 3 SN - 0940-5437, 0940-5437 KW - Chylomicrons KW - 0 KW - Triglycerides KW - Lipoprotein Lipase KW - EC 3.1.1.34 KW - Index Medicus KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Models, Molecular KW - Syndrome KW - Humans KW - Triglycerides -- metabolism KW - Chylomicrons -- blood KW - Hydrolysis KW - Structure-Activity Relationship KW - Lipoprotein Lipase -- genetics KW - Lipoprotein Lipase -- physiology KW - Lipoprotein Lipase -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76937777?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+clinical+%26+laboratory+research&rft.atitle=Lipoprotein+lipase%3A+structure%2C+function+and+mechanism+of+action.&rft.au=Santamarina-Fojo%2C+S%3BBrewer%2C+H+B&rft.aulast=Santamarina-Fojo&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=143&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+clinical+%26+laboratory+research&rft.issn=09405437&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-02-14 N1 - Date created - 1995-02-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Protease inhibitors in chemoprevention of cancer. An overview. AN - 76936585; 7818916 AB - In the search for chemopreventive agents for cancer many natural products have been identified. Among them extensive experimental studies have been made on protease inhibitors which not only occur naturally in many plant products, but have also been synthesized in the laboratory. Many of these studies revealed the fact that protease inhibitors are able to prevent carcinogenesis and tumour promotion. A review of the reports available to date suggests that protease inhibitors are potential chemopreventive agents although their biological role and mechanism of action are not very clear. JF - Acta oncologica (Stockholm, Sweden) AU - Das, S AU - Mukhopadhyay, P AD - Department of Experimental Leukemia, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Calcutta, India. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 859 EP - 865 VL - 33 IS - 8 SN - 0284-186X, 0284-186X KW - Antineoplastic Agents KW - 0 KW - Protease Inhibitors KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured -- drug effects KW - Humans KW - Neoplasms, Experimental -- prevention & control KW - Protease Inhibitors -- therapeutic use KW - Protease Inhibitors -- pharmacology KW - Neoplasms -- prevention & control KW - Antineoplastic Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Antineoplastic Agents -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76936585?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Acta+oncologica+%28Stockholm%2C+Sweden%29&rft.atitle=Protease+inhibitors+in+chemoprevention+of+cancer.+An+overview.&rft.au=Das%2C+S%3BMukhopadhyay%2C+P&rft.aulast=Das&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=859&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Acta+oncologica+%28Stockholm%2C+Sweden%29&rft.issn=0284186X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-02-14 N1 - Date created - 1995-02-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multiple p53 protein isoforms and formation of oligomeric complexes with heat shock proteins Hsp70 and Hsp90 in the human mammary tumor, T47D, cell line. AN - 76924997; 7811761 AB - At least eleven isoforms of p53 protein were observed in a human mammary tumor cell line. T47D. Comparative 33P and 35S incorporation analysis showed an equal distribution of P53 isoforms within cytoplasmic and nuclear compartments, although phosphorylation was unequal among isoforms and the most basic p53 species was unphosphorylated. Using a combination of immunoprecipitation with monoclonal antibodies for p53 and heat shock proteins Hsp70 & Hsp90, and two-dimensional gel electrophoretic analysis, T47D p53 protein oligomers were observed with several species of Hsp70 and Hsp90. The p53/Hsp70/Hsp90 aggregate dissociates after nuclear translocation. Immunoprecipitation of Hsp70 and Hsp90 using monoclonal antibodies showed formation of a heteroligomer between Hsp70 and Hsp90 in cytoplasm but not nucleus. This suggests these Hsp proteins can form a complex in the cytoplasm but undergo a conformational change after nuclear translocation such that Hsp/Hsp binding sites are no longer recognized. These data indicate T47D cells have multiple p53 precursor molecules probably at different stages of phosphorylation, and which may be sequestered from proteases by binding to Hsp proteins. Hsp proteins also can heterocomplex in the cytoplasm, also possibly as protection against protease degradation until bound to p53. After translocation, p53 is freed from Hsp proteins for binding to DNA where Hsp70 and Hsp90 are no longer able to form a nuclear complex probably rendering Hsp's labile to proteolysis. JF - Applied and theoretical electrophoresis : the official journal of the International Electrophoresis Society AU - Selkirk, J K AU - Merrick, B A AU - Stackhouse, B L AU - He, C AD - Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 11 EP - 18 VL - 4 IS - 1 SN - 0954-6642, 0954-6642 KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal KW - 0 KW - HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins KW - HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins KW - Macromolecular Substances KW - Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 KW - Index Medicus KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured KW - Phosphorylation KW - Cytoplasm -- metabolism KW - Cell Nucleus -- metabolism KW - Humans KW - Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional KW - Immunosorbent Techniques KW - Protein Conformation KW - HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins -- metabolism KW - Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 -- analysis KW - HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins -- chemistry KW - Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 -- chemistry KW - HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins -- metabolism KW - HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins -- chemistry KW - Breast Neoplasms -- metabolism KW - Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 -- metabolism KW - Breast Neoplasms -- ultrastructure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76924997?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+theoretical+electrophoresis+%3A+the+official+journal+of+the+International+Electrophoresis+Society&rft.atitle=Multiple+p53+protein+isoforms+and+formation+of+oligomeric+complexes+with+heat+shock+proteins+Hsp70+and+Hsp90+in+the+human+mammary+tumor%2C+T47D%2C+cell+line.&rft.au=Selkirk%2C+J+K%3BMerrick%2C+B+A%3BStackhouse%2C+B+L%3BHe%2C+C&rft.aulast=Selkirk&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=11&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+theoretical+electrophoresis+%3A+the+official+journal+of+the+International+Electrophoresis+Society&rft.issn=09546642&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-02-03 N1 - Date created - 1995-02-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of gene expression in the cerebral cortices of rat brains containing subcortical lesions. AN - 76924695; 7811765 AB - Neurotoxic lesion of the nucleus basalis of Meynert in the rat brain, which results in the loss of subcortical cholinergic innervation to the cerebral cortex, is an animal model for the cortical cholinergic deficits that are characteristic of Alzheimer's disease. Previously, we have shown that amyloid precursor protein is induced in the cortex in response to this disrupted innervation. We have investigated the synthesis and accumulation of proteins in lesioned versus control cortices. Total proteins from cortices were separated by high resolution two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and visualized by silver stain. Of the greater than 1,000 polypeptides examined, only one exhibited a consistent alteration in the lesioned sample. This unidentified protein (Mr 34 kD, pI 5.5) was normally present in scant amounts but was virtually absent in the lesioned cortex (0.056% total integrated density (TID) and 0.008% TID, respectively; p < 0.04). To investigate gene expression more directly, polysomes purified from lesioned and control cortices were assayed in vitro. Examination of [35S] incorporation into translation products by two-dimensional gels and autoradiography revealed three newly synthesized polypeptide differences in the lesioned samples. One protein (M(r) 47 kD, pI 6.1) exhibited elevated levels with the lesion (0.05% to 0.16%; p = 0.02) while two other proteins (M(r) 34 kD, pI 5.5, and M(r) 33 kD, pI 5.7) exhibited reduced levels (0.20% to 0.04%, p < 0.02, and 0.34% to 0.12%, p = 0.04, respectively). JF - Applied and theoretical electrophoresis : the official journal of the International Electrophoresis Society AU - Wallace, W AU - Brane, D AU - Hsu, N AU - Khowong, N AU - Merril, C R AU - Haroutunian, V AD - Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics, NIMH, St. Elizabeths Hospital, Washington, D.C. 20032. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 33 EP - 38 VL - 4 IS - 1 SN - 0954-6642, 0954-6642 KW - Heat-Shock Proteins KW - 0 KW - Nerve Tissue Proteins KW - N-Methylaspartate KW - 6384-92-5 KW - Index Medicus KW - Heat-Shock Proteins -- metabolism KW - Animals KW - Isoelectric Point KW - Nerve Tissue Proteins -- biosynthesis KW - Polyribosomes -- metabolism KW - Molecular Weight KW - Rats KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - N-Methylaspartate -- pharmacology KW - Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional KW - Nerve Tissue Proteins -- metabolism KW - Substantia Innominata -- drug effects KW - Silver Staining KW - Substantia Innominata -- physiology KW - Cerebral Cortex -- metabolism KW - Gene Expression UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76924695?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+theoretical+electrophoresis+%3A+the+official+journal+of+the+International+Electrophoresis+Society&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+gene+expression+in+the+cerebral+cortices+of+rat+brains+containing+subcortical+lesions.&rft.au=Wallace%2C+W%3BBrane%2C+D%3BHsu%2C+N%3BKhowong%2C+N%3BMerril%2C+C+R%3BHaroutunian%2C+V&rft.aulast=Wallace&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=33&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+theoretical+electrophoresis+%3A+the+official+journal+of+the+International+Electrophoresis+Society&rft.issn=09546642&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-02-03 N1 - Date created - 1995-02-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - OxyR regulon. AN - 76920163; 7528872 JF - Methods in enzymology AU - Storz, G AU - Altuvia, S AD - Cell Biology and Metabolism Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 217 EP - 223 VL - 234 SN - 0076-6879, 0076-6879 KW - oxyR KW - Bacterial Proteins KW - 0 KW - DNA Primers KW - DNA, Bacterial KW - DNA-Binding Proteins KW - Escherichia coli Proteins KW - RNA, Bacterial KW - Repressor Proteins KW - Transcription Factors KW - oxyR protein, E coli KW - Deoxyribonuclease I KW - EC 3.1.21.1 KW - Oxygen KW - S88TT14065 KW - Index Medicus KW - Space life sciences KW - Repressor Proteins -- biosynthesis KW - RNA, Bacterial -- biosynthesis KW - Oxygen -- toxicity KW - Transcription, Genetic KW - DNA, Bacterial -- metabolism KW - RNA, Bacterial -- isolation & purification KW - Mutagenesis KW - Chromatography, Affinity -- methods KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- metabolism KW - Escherichia coli -- metabolism KW - Bacterial Proteins -- genetics KW - Bacterial Proteins -- biosynthesis KW - Escherichia coli -- genetics KW - Bacterial Proteins -- isolation & purification KW - Regulon KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76920163?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Methods+in+enzymology&rft.atitle=OxyR+regulon.&rft.au=Storz%2C+G%3BAltuvia%2C+S&rft.aulast=Storz&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=234&rft.issue=&rft.spage=217&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Methods+in+enzymology&rft.issn=00766879&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-01-30 N1 - Date created - 1995-01-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Gene symbol - oxyR N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Immunotoxin therapy of leptomeningeal neoplasia. AN - 76916545; 7807185 AB - Malignant tumors of the central nervous system can result from metastatic dissemination of a variety of cancers. Percutaneous intracisternal injection of an anti-idiotype monoclonal antibody (M6) ricin immunotoxin was shown to be moderately effective in prolonging the survival of tumor bearing animals supporting the use of immunotoxins for the treatment of central nervous system neoplasia (Zovickian J and Youle R.J. J. Neurosurg 68: 767, 1988). This report describes a method that significantly improves the survival of immunotoxin treated Strain 2 guinea pigs in a syngeneic animal model of leptomeningeal neoplasia. Strain 2 guinea pigs, implanted with subarachnoid catheters, received three courses of treatment with an (M6)-intract ricin immunotoxin following intracisternal inoculation of L2C leukemia tumor cells. Animals were treated with three to four micrograms of immunotoxin in three divided doses. This was found to be less toxic and more effective than single bolus administration of immunotoxin. These results demonstrate that a permanent indwelling catheter in this animal model facilitates multiple dose delivery of immunotoxin therapy allowing the assessment of various treatment schedules and the achievement of enhanced therapeutic effect. Furthermore, these results support the continued evaluation of immunotoxins for the treatment of central nervous system neoplasia. JF - Journal of neuro-oncology AU - Walbridge, S AU - Rybak, S M AD - Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 59 EP - 65 VL - 20 IS - 1 SN - 0167-594X, 0167-594X KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal KW - 0 KW - Immunoglobulin G KW - Immunotoxins KW - Ricin KW - 9009-86-3 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured KW - Guinea Pigs KW - Immunoglobulin G -- administration & dosage KW - Leukemic Infiltration -- mortality KW - Leukemia -- therapy KW - Leukemia -- mortality KW - Ricin -- administration & dosage KW - Ricin -- therapeutic use KW - Immunotoxins -- therapeutic use KW - Leukemic Infiltration -- therapy KW - Immunotoxins -- administration & dosage KW - Arachnoid -- pathology KW - Immunoglobulin G -- therapeutic use KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal -- administration & dosage KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal -- therapeutic use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76916545?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+neuro-oncology&rft.atitle=Immunotoxin+therapy+of+leptomeningeal+neoplasia.&rft.au=Walbridge%2C+S%3BRybak%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Walbridge&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=59&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+neuro-oncology&rft.issn=0167594X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-01-30 N1 - Date created - 1995-01-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reactions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with DNA. AN - 76913910; 7806307 JF - IARC scientific publications AU - Dipple, A AD - Chemistry of Carcinogenesis Laboratory, ABL-Basic Research Program, National Cancer Institute-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, MD. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 107 EP - 129 IS - 125 SN - 0300-5038, 0300-5038 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - DNA Adducts KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - Polycyclic Compounds KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Environmental Pollutants -- metabolism KW - Environmental Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Humans KW - Environmental Pollutants -- pharmacokinetics KW - DNA Adducts -- biosynthesis KW - Carcinogens -- metabolism KW - Polycyclic Compounds -- pharmacokinetics KW - DNA Adducts -- chemistry KW - DNA -- metabolism KW - Carcinogens -- pharmacokinetics KW - Polycyclic Compounds -- toxicity KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Polycyclic Compounds -- metabolism KW - DNA -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76913910?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IARC+scientific+publications&rft.atitle=Reactions+of+polycyclic+aromatic+hydrocarbons+with+DNA.&rft.au=Dipple%2C+A&rft.aulast=Dipple&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=125&rft.spage=107&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=IARC+scientific+publications&rft.issn=03005038&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-01-30 N1 - Date created - 1995-01-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reaction of aralkyl halides with nucleic acid components and DNA. AN - 76913743; 7806317 JF - IARC scientific publications AU - Moschel, R C AD - Chemistry of Carcinogenesis Laboratory, ABL-Basic Research Program, National Cancer Institute-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, MD. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 25 EP - 36 IS - 125 SN - 0300-5038, 0300-5038 KW - DNA Adducts KW - 0 KW - Hydrocarbons, Halogenated KW - Nucleic Acids KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Hydrocarbons, Halogenated -- toxicity KW - Nucleic Acids -- chemical synthesis KW - DNA Adducts -- chemistry KW - DNA -- chemistry KW - Nucleic Acids -- chemistry KW - Hydrocarbons, Halogenated -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76913743?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IARC+scientific+publications&rft.atitle=Reaction+of+aralkyl+halides+with+nucleic+acid+components+and+DNA.&rft.au=Moschel%2C+R+C&rft.aulast=Moschel&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=125&rft.spage=25&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=IARC+scientific+publications&rft.issn=03005038&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-01-30 N1 - Date created - 1995-01-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Gene-specific damage and repair of DNA adducts and cross-links. AN - 76912802; 7806325 JF - IARC scientific publications AU - Bohr, V A AD - Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institutes on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 361 EP - 369 IS - 125 SN - 0300-5038, 0300-5038 KW - c-myc KW - dhfr KW - p53 KW - Cross-Linking Reagents KW - 0 KW - DNA Adducts KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Animals KW - Base Sequence KW - Humans KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Genome KW - Genes -- physiology KW - DNA Repair KW - DNA Damage KW - Cross-Linking Reagents -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76912802?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IARC+scientific+publications&rft.atitle=Gene-specific+damage+and+repair+of+DNA+adducts+and+cross-links.&rft.au=Bohr%2C+V+A&rft.aulast=Bohr&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=125&rft.spage=361&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=IARC+scientific+publications&rft.issn=03005038&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-01-30 N1 - Date created - 1995-01-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Gene symbol - c-myc; dhfr; p53 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modulation of progesterone-induced Xenopus oocyte maturation by prostaglandins E1 and E2. AN - 76912363; 7804327 AB - Prostaglandins E1 (PGE1) and E2 (PGE2), the general local modulators or "local" hormones, were able to inhibit the progesterone-induced maturation of Xenopus oocytes in vitro, but could not induce maturation by themselves. This inhibition was observed on the sensitivity of the maturation process of the oocyte responses to progesterone, but not on the maximum response or responsiveness. The decreased sensitivity of oocytes to progesterone by prostaglandin E1 or E2 was evident in both the increased concentration of progesterone and the prolonged time required for the maturation of 50% of the oocyte. PGE1 and PGE2 did not appear to affect either the basal level or the progesterone-reduced cAMP level of oocytes. Microinjection of PGE1 or PGE2 into the oocytes had no effect on progesterone-induced oocyte maturation, suggesting that other cell surface-mediated signaling events might be responsible for this modulatory effect of the progstaglandins. JF - Cellular & molecular biology research AU - Zhao, J AU - Kung, H F AD - Laboratory of Biochemical Physiology, National Cancer Institute-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, MD 21701-1201. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 63 EP - 68 VL - 40 IS - 1 SN - 0968-8773, 0968-8773 KW - Progesterone KW - 4G7DS2Q64Y KW - Cyclic AMP KW - E0399OZS9N KW - Alprostadil KW - F5TD010360 KW - Dinoprostone KW - K7Q1JQR04M KW - Index Medicus KW - Xenopus laevis KW - Animals KW - Oocytes -- growth & development KW - Drug Interactions KW - Oocytes -- metabolism KW - In Vitro Techniques KW - Oocytes -- drug effects KW - Cyclic AMP -- metabolism KW - Microinjections KW - Female KW - Alprostadil -- pharmacology KW - Dinoprostone -- pharmacology KW - Alprostadil -- administration & dosage KW - Oogenesis -- physiology KW - Progesterone -- pharmacology KW - Progesterone -- administration & dosage KW - Oogenesis -- drug effects KW - Dinoprostone -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76912363?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cellular+%26+molecular+biology+research&rft.atitle=Modulation+of+progesterone-induced+Xenopus+oocyte+maturation+by+prostaglandins+E1+and+E2.&rft.au=Zhao%2C+J%3BKung%2C+H+F&rft.aulast=Zhao&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=63&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cellular+%26+molecular+biology+research&rft.issn=09688773&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-01-30 N1 - Date created - 1995-01-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - DNA alkylation by triazenes and related compounds. AN - 76911693; 7806322 JF - IARC scientific publications AU - Michejda, C J AU - Smith, R H AU - Kroeger Koepke, M B AD - Molecular Aspects of Drug Design Section, ABL-Basic Research Program, National Cancer Institute-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, MD. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 323 EP - 337 IS - 125 SN - 0300-5038, 0300-5038 KW - DNA Adducts KW - 0 KW - Triazenes KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - DNA Adducts -- biosynthesis KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Alkylation KW - Triazenes -- metabolism KW - DNA -- metabolism KW - Triazenes -- chemistry KW - Triazenes -- toxicity KW - DNA -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76911693?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IARC+scientific+publications&rft.atitle=DNA+alkylation+by+triazenes+and+related+compounds.&rft.au=Michejda%2C+C+J%3BSmith%2C+R+H%3BKroeger+Koepke%2C+M+B&rft.aulast=Michejda&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=125&rft.spage=323&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=IARC+scientific+publications&rft.issn=03005038&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-01-30 N1 - Date created - 1995-01-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mutational spectra of protooncogenes and tumour suppressor genes: clues in predicting cancer etiology. AN - 76910478; 7806329 JF - IARC scientific publications AU - Lehman, T A AU - Harris, C C AD - Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 399 EP - 412 IS - 125 SN - 0300-5038, 0300-5038 KW - aprt KW - hprt KW - p53 KW - ras KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Neoplasms, Experimental -- genetics KW - Humans KW - DNA Mutational Analysis KW - Spectrum Analysis -- methods KW - Predictive Value of Tests KW - Genes, Tumor Suppressor KW - Proto-Oncogenes KW - Neoplasms -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76910478?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IARC+scientific+publications&rft.atitle=Mutational+spectra+of+protooncogenes+and+tumour+suppressor+genes%3A+clues+in+predicting+cancer+etiology.&rft.au=Lehman%2C+T+A%3BHarris%2C+C+C&rft.aulast=Lehman&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=125&rft.spage=399&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=IARC+scientific+publications&rft.issn=03005038&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-01-30 N1 - Date created - 1995-01-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Gene symbol - aprt; hprt; p53; ras N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The motivational correlates of drinking, smoking, and illicit drug use during pregnancy. AN - 76907739; 7804015 AB - Despite attempts to eliminate the consumption of alcohol, tobacco, and other substances of abuse by women of childbearing age, especially during gestation, apparently many do not curtail these negative lifestyle behaviors, as evidenced by the number of poor birth outcomes and developmentally disabled children born each year. This study examined the relationship of depression, attitude toward pregnancy, a number of sociodemographic variables, and substance use by women of child-bearing age prior to and after learning of their pregnancies. Results indicated that attitude independently, and depression independently and in interaction with socio-demographic factors are associated with substance use at both time points. From this we conclude that preventive efforts should be designed and targeted at those women who are depressed, especially those who have the sociodemographic characteristics associated with heavier substance use. JF - Journal of substance abuse AU - Hanna, E Z AU - Faden, V B AU - Dufour, M C AD - National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Division of Biometry and Epidemiology, Rockville, MD 20892-7003. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 155 EP - 167 VL - 6 IS - 2 SN - 0899-3289, 0899-3289 KW - Street Drugs KW - 0 KW - Cocaine KW - I5Y540LHVR KW - Index Medicus KW - Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders -- psychology KW - Humans KW - European Continental Ancestry Group -- psychology KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Cocaine -- adverse effects KW - Pregnancy KW - Depression -- prevention & control KW - Marital Status KW - Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders -- prevention & control KW - Marijuana Smoking -- psychology KW - Risk Factors KW - Marijuana Smoking -- adverse effects KW - African Americans -- psychology KW - Depression -- psychology KW - Adult KW - Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice KW - Adolescent KW - Marijuana Smoking -- prevention & control KW - Female KW - Motivation KW - Pregnancy Complications -- psychology KW - Pregnancy Complications -- prevention & control KW - Street Drugs -- adverse effects KW - Alcohol Drinking -- psychology KW - Alcohol Drinking -- adverse effects KW - Smoking -- adverse effects KW - Alcohol Drinking -- prevention & control KW - Smoking -- psychology KW - Smoking -- prevention & control KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- psychology KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76907739?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+substance+abuse&rft.atitle=The+motivational+correlates+of+drinking%2C+smoking%2C+and+illicit+drug+use+during+pregnancy.&rft.au=Hanna%2C+E+Z%3BFaden%2C+V+B%3BDufour%2C+M+C&rft.aulast=Hanna&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=155&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+substance+abuse&rft.issn=08993289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-01-30 N1 - Date created - 1995-01-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rodent models of memory dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease and normal aging: moving beyond the cholinergic hypothesis. AN - 76888726; 7997063 AB - The Stone maze paradigm has been developed for use as a rat model of memory impairment observed in normal aging and in Alzheimer's disease. Results from several studies have demonstrated the involvement of both cholinergic and glutamatergic systems in acquisition performance in this complex maze task. Although results of clinical studies on the cognitive enhancing abilities of cholinomimetics for treatment of memory impairment in Alzheimer's disease have been inconsistent, new classes of cholinesterase inhibitors offer greater potential for therapeutic efficacy. The physostigimine derivative, phenserine, appears to have marked efficacy for improving learning performance of aged rats or of young rats treated with scopolamine in the Stone maze. Declines in markers of glutamatergic neurotransmission in Alzheimer's disease and in normal aging suggest that pharmacological manipulation of this system might also prove beneficial for cognitive enhancement. Treatment with glycine and/or polyamine agonists is suggested as a strategy for activating the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) subtype of glutamate receptor. In addition, the use of combined pharmacological activation of cholinergic and glutamatergic systems is suggested. Manipulation of signal transduction events should also be considered as a strategy for cognitive enhancement. The influx of Ca2+ through the channel formed by the NMDA receptor stimulates the production of the oxyradical, nitric oxide (NO*), via the action of nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Compounds that inhibit NOS activity impair acquisition in the Stone maze, suggesting an involvement of NO*. Thus, strategies for inducing NO* production to enhance cognitive performance may be beneficial. Because of the potential neurotoxicity for NO*, this strategy is not straightforward. Although many new directions beyond the cholinergic hypothesis can be suggested, each has its potential benefits which must be weighed against its risks. Nonetheless, an important unifying area for neurobiological research examining mechanisms of normal brain aging and of age-related neuropathology, as observed in Alzheimer's disease, might emerge from the identification of NO* as a simple molecule serving vital physiological functions but representing potential for neurotoxicity. JF - Life sciences AU - Ingram, D K AU - Spangler, E L AU - Iijima, S AU - Ikari, H AU - Kuo, H AU - Greig, N H AU - London, E D AD - Nathan W. Shock Laboratories, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 2037 EP - 2049 VL - 55 IS - 25-26 SN - 0024-3205, 0024-3205 KW - Receptors, Cholinergic KW - 0 KW - Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate KW - Nitric Oxide KW - 31C4KY9ESH KW - Scopolamine Hydrobromide KW - 451IFR0GXB KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Maze Learning KW - Animals KW - Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate -- physiology KW - Scopolamine Hydrobromide -- pharmacology KW - Receptors, Cholinergic -- physiology KW - Disease Models, Animal KW - Nitric Oxide -- physiology KW - Aging -- physiology KW - Memory -- drug effects KW - Alzheimer Disease -- physiopathology KW - Aging -- psychology KW - Aging -- drug effects KW - Alzheimer Disease -- psychology KW - Memory -- physiology KW - Alzheimer Disease -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76888726?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+National+Cancer+Institute&rft.atitle=Report+of+the+Cancer+Therapy+Evaluation+Program+monitoring+plan+for+secondary+acute+myeloid+leukemia+following+treatment+with+epipodophyllotoxins.&rft.au=Smith%2C+M+A%3BRubinstein%2C+L%3BCazenave%2C+L%3BUngerleider%2C+R+S%3BMaurer%2C+H+M%3BHeyn%2C+R%3BKhan%2C+F+M%3BGehan%2C+E&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-04-07&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=554&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+National+Cancer+Institute&rft.issn=00278874&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-01-18 N1 - Date created - 1995-01-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - D-cycloserine treatment of Alzheimer disease. AN - 76872628; 7986489 AB - Degeneration of cortical glutamatergic projections may contribute to the cognitive decline in Alzheimer disease (AD). To evaluate whether 1glutamate system stimulation might confer symptomatic benefit, we administered D-cycloserine, a putative partial indirect agonist at certain N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptors, to 12 patients with probable AD. The patients (seven men, five women) had a mean age of 65 +/- 8.4 years; Mini Mental State Examination scores ranged from 15 to 25. A dose escalation phase, in which cycloserine was given in daily oral doses from 25 to 500 mg (total of six dose levels, 1 week per dose), was followed by a "best dose" crossover comparison with placebo under double-blind conditions. The crossover phase consisted of 2 weeks of cycloserine and 2 weeks of placebo, separated by a 1-week washout period. We observed no significant or consistent effect on neuropsychological outcome measures. The results suggest that short-term potentiation of NMDA-mediated glutamatergic transmission may not prove useful in the symptomatic treatment of Alzheimer dementia. JF - Alzheimer disease and associated disorders AU - Randolph, C AU - Roberts, J W AU - Tierney, M C AU - Bravi, D AU - Mouradian, M M AU - Chase, T N AD - Experimental Therapeutics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 198 EP - 205 VL - 8 IS - 3 SN - 0893-0341, 0893-0341 KW - Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate KW - 0 KW - Cycloserine KW - 95IK5KI84Z KW - Index Medicus KW - Brain -- physiopathology KW - Double-Blind Method KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Brain -- drug effects KW - Mental Status Schedule KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Neuropsychological Tests KW - Geriatric Assessment KW - Male KW - Female KW - Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate -- physiology KW - Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate -- drug effects KW - Cycloserine -- therapeutic use KW - Alzheimer Disease -- physiopathology KW - Alzheimer Disease -- drug therapy KW - Cycloserine -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76872628?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alzheimer+disease+and+associated+disorders&rft.atitle=D-cycloserine+treatment+of+Alzheimer+disease.&rft.au=Randolph%2C+C%3BRoberts%2C+J+W%3BTierney%2C+M+C%3BBravi%2C+D%3BMouradian%2C+M+M%3BChase%2C+T+N&rft.aulast=Randolph&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=198&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alzheimer+disease+and+associated+disorders&rft.issn=08930341&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-01-12 N1 - Date created - 1995-01-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regulation of bacterial gene expression in response to oxidative stress. AN - 76842337; 7968610 JF - Methods in enzymology AU - Storz, G AU - Toledano, M B AD - Cell Biology and Metabolism Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 196 EP - 207 VL - 236 SN - 0076-6879, 0076-6879 KW - katF KW - katG KW - lacZ KW - momR KW - oxyR KW - sodA KW - soxR KW - soxS KW - Bacterial Proteins KW - 0 KW - Oxidants KW - Sulfates KW - Sulfur Radioisotopes KW - Superoxides KW - 11062-77-4 KW - Hydrogen Peroxide KW - BBX060AN9V KW - Oxygen KW - S88TT14065 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sulfates -- metabolism KW - Superoxides -- pharmacology KW - Genes, Bacterial KW - Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional -- methods KW - Hydrogen Peroxide -- pharmacology KW - Drug Resistance, Microbial KW - Cloning, Molecular -- methods KW - Autoradiography -- methods KW - Mutagenesis KW - Genes, Regulator KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- metabolism KW - Escherichia coli -- metabolism KW - Bacterial Proteins -- biosynthesis KW - Oxidants -- pharmacology KW - Oxygen -- pharmacology KW - Oxidative Stress KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial -- drug effects KW - Escherichia coli -- drug effects KW - Escherichia coli -- genetics KW - Bacterial Proteins -- isolation & purification KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- drug effects KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76842337?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Methods+in+enzymology&rft.atitle=Regulation+of+bacterial+gene+expression+in+response+to+oxidative+stress.&rft.au=Storz%2C+G%3BToledano%2C+M+B&rft.aulast=Storz&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=236&rft.issue=&rft.spage=196&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Methods+in+enzymology&rft.issn=00766879&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-12-06 N1 - Date created - 1994-12-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Gene symbol - katF; katG; lacZ; momR; oxyR; sodA; soxR; soxS N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Brain parenchyma apparent diffusion coefficient alterations associated with experimental complex partial status epilepticus. AN - 76825906; 7968286 AB - The objective of this study was to evaluate whether water apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurements provide more specific information than T2-weighted MRI about the evolution of brain parenchyma lesions secondary to prolonged complex partial seizures. We measured the ADC in the brain of rats exhibiting prolonged complex partial seizures induced by intraperitoneal injection of kainic acid (KA). The animals were imaged with diffusion and T2-weighted MRI at 2 T from 3 h up to 9 days after KA injection. In the piriform cortex and amygdala, the T2-weighted MRI signal intensity appeared to be uniformly increased from 24 to 72 h after KA injection, and returned to normal by 9 days. In the same regions between 24 and 72 h, the ADC first decreased and then increased. The ADC changes were consistent with the known histopathologic alterations. In this complex partial seizure model, the ADC measurement provides more specific information than T2-weighted MRI about the histopathologic evolution of the lesions. This supports the proposal that diffusion MRI may be valuable for the evaluation of the neuropathologic sequelae in patients with multiple or prolonged seizures. JF - Magnetic resonance imaging AU - Righini, A AU - Pierpaoli, C AU - Alger, J R AU - Di Chiro, G AD - Neuroimaging Branch, NINDS, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 865 EP - 871 VL - 12 IS - 6 SN - 0730-725X, 0730-725X KW - Kainic Acid KW - SIV03811UC KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Male KW - Magnetic Resonance Imaging KW - Epilepsy, Complex Partial -- diagnosis KW - Status Epilepticus -- chemically induced KW - Brain -- pathology KW - Status Epilepticus -- diagnosis KW - Epilepsy, Complex Partial -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76825906?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Magnetic+resonance+imaging&rft.atitle=Brain+parenchyma+apparent+diffusion+coefficient+alterations+associated+with+experimental+complex+partial+status+epilepticus.&rft.au=Righini%2C+A%3BPierpaoli%2C+C%3BAlger%2C+J+R%3BDi+Chiro%2C+G&rft.aulast=Righini&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=865&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Magnetic+resonance+imaging&rft.issn=0730725X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-12-01 N1 - Date created - 1994-12-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vitamin E in the genesis and prevention of cancer. A review. AN - 76788310; 7946437 AB - A review of current literature reveals that the relationships between vitamin E and cancer is not yet fully understood though many experimental and clinical studies have shown that vitamin E can protect against carcinogenesis and tumour growth. This vitamin also appears to reduce toxicity of several anticancer therapies. Such effects are probably due to the antioxidant property and immunomodulatory function of vitamin E. The findings of different groups suggest that this vitamin may be helpful as a cancer chemopreventive agent. JF - Acta oncologica (Stockholm, Sweden) AU - Das, S AD - Department of Experimental Leukaemia, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Calcutta, India. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 615 EP - 619 VL - 33 IS - 6 SN - 0284-186X, 0284-186X KW - Anticarcinogenic Agents KW - 0 KW - Antioxidants KW - Vitamin E KW - 1406-18-4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Immunity -- drug effects KW - Anticarcinogenic Agents -- pharmacology KW - Vitamin E -- pharmacology KW - Neoplasms -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76788310?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Acta+oncologica+%28Stockholm%2C+Sweden%29&rft.atitle=Vitamin+E+in+the+genesis+and+prevention+of+cancer.+A+review.&rft.au=Das%2C+S&rft.aulast=Das&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=615&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Acta+oncologica+%28Stockholm%2C+Sweden%29&rft.issn=0284186X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-12-21 N1 - Date created - 1994-12-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Randomised phase II study of methotrexate (MTX) versus methotrexate plus lonidamine (MTX + LND) in recurrent and/or metastatic carcinoma of the head and neck. AN - 76779033; 7946585 AB - Between March 1990 and March 1992, 89 patients with recurrent and/or metastatic squamous cell cancer of the head and neck were randomised to receive either intravenous methotrexate (MTX) at a weekly dose of 40 mg/m2 plus lonidamine (LND) given orally at a starting dose of 75 mg three times daily for 3 days and then at a dose of 150 mg three times daily (arm MTX + LND) or methotrexate alone (arm MTX) at the same doses as arm MTX + LND. Complete remissions were observed in 10.5% of the patients in arm MTX + LND, and partial remissions in another 15.8%, yielding a 26.3% response rate. In arm MTX, only partial remissions were observed, yielding an overall response rate of 18.2%. Haematological toxicity was mild in both groups. Mild testicular pain (21%) and myalgias (31%) occurred only in patients treated with LND. JF - European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990) AU - Colella, E AU - Merlano, M AU - Blengio, F AU - Angelini, F AU - Ausili Cefaro, G P AU - Scasso, F AU - Lo Russo, V AU - Cirulli, S AU - Giannarelli, D AU - Cognetti, F AD - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 928 EP - 930 VL - 30A IS - 7 SN - 0959-8049, 0959-8049 KW - Indazoles KW - 0 KW - lonidamine KW - U78804BIDR KW - Methotrexate KW - YL5FZ2Y5U1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Indazoles -- adverse effects KW - Indazoles -- administration & dosage KW - Methotrexate -- adverse effects KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Neoplasm Recurrence, Local KW - Methotrexate -- administration & dosage KW - Male KW - Female KW - Head and Neck Neoplasms -- secondary KW - Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols -- adverse effects KW - Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols -- therapeutic use KW - Head and Neck Neoplasms -- drug therapy KW - Carcinoma, Squamous Cell -- drug therapy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76779033?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+journal+of+cancer+%28Oxford%2C+England+%3A+1990%29&rft.atitle=Randomised+phase+II+study+of+methotrexate+%28MTX%29+versus+methotrexate+plus+lonidamine+%28MTX+%2B+LND%29+in+recurrent+and%2For+metastatic+carcinoma+of+the+head+and+neck.&rft.au=Colella%2C+E%3BMerlano%2C+M%3BBlengio%2C+F%3BAngelini%2C+F%3BAusili+Cefaro%2C+G+P%3BScasso%2C+F%3BLo+Russo%2C+V%3BCirulli%2C+S%3BGiannarelli%2C+D%3BCognetti%2C+F&rft.aulast=Colella&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=30A&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=928&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=European+journal+of+cancer+%28Oxford%2C+England+%3A+1990%29&rft.issn=09598049&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-12-12 N1 - Date created - 1994-12-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Activation of cholera toxin by ADP-ribosylation factors: 20-kDa guanine nucleotide-binding proteins. AN - 76763847; 7935017 JF - Methods in enzymology AU - Moss, J AU - Haun, R S AU - Tsai, S C AU - Welsh, C F AU - Lee, F J AU - Price, S R AU - Vaughan, M AD - Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 44 EP - 63 VL - 237 SN - 0076-6879, 0076-6879 KW - 'NMT1 KW - Carbon Radioisotopes KW - 0 KW - DNA Primers KW - Recombinant Proteins KW - NAD KW - 0U46U6E8UK KW - Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose KW - 20762-30-5 KW - Cholera Toxin KW - 9012-63-9 KW - Acyltransferases KW - EC 2.3.- KW - glycylpeptide N-tetradecanoyltransferase KW - EC 2.3.1.97 KW - Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases KW - EC 2.4.2.30 KW - GTP-Binding Proteins KW - EC 3.6.1.- KW - ADP-Ribosylation Factors KW - EC 3.6.5.2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cytosol -- metabolism KW - Genes, Fungal KW - Chromatography, Ion Exchange -- methods KW - Humans KW - Protein Processing, Post-Translational KW - Cloning, Molecular -- methods KW - Radioisotope Dilution Technique KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- enzymology KW - Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose -- metabolism KW - Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases -- metabolism KW - Molecular Weight KW - Recombinant Proteins -- isolation & purification KW - Acyltransferases -- biosynthesis KW - Base Sequence KW - Cattle KW - Recombinant Proteins -- metabolism KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction -- methods KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Acyltransferases -- metabolism KW - Cell Membrane -- metabolism KW - NAD -- metabolism KW - GTP-Binding Proteins -- metabolism KW - GTP-Binding Proteins -- isolation & purification KW - Brain -- metabolism KW - Cholera Toxin -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76763847?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Methods+in+enzymology&rft.atitle=Activation+of+cholera+toxin+by+ADP-ribosylation+factors%3A+20-kDa+guanine+nucleotide-binding+proteins.&rft.au=Moss%2C+J%3BHaun%2C+R+S%3BTsai%2C+S+C%3BWelsh%2C+C+F%3BLee%2C+F+J%3BPrice%2C+S+R%3BVaughan%2C+M&rft.aulast=Moss&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=237&rft.issue=&rft.spage=44&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Methods+in+enzymology&rft.issn=00766879&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-10-31 N1 - Date created - 1994-10-31 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Gene symbol - 'NMT1 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Suppression of hydroxyl radical formation by MAO inhibitors: a novel possible neuroprotective mechanism in dopaminergic neurotoxicity. AN - 76756711; 7931226 AB - Prior studies concluded that 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP, a toxin causing parkinsonism) and its analogues are bioactivated by monoamine oxidase (MAO) to toxic pyridinium metabolites. Recently, a dissociation between the neuroprotective effects of deprenyl and its MAO inhibiting effects has been proposed. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that pyridinium metabolites of MPTP stimulate dopamine efflux and the formation of cytotoxic hydroxyl free radicals (.OH) in the striatum. Therefore, we investigated possible neuroprotective mechanisms of propargyl MAO inhibitors by studying their effects on the formation of oxygen free radicals produced by dopamine autoxidation. Our recent in vivo results indicate that deprenyl and clorgyline given systemically suppressed the generation of .OH that followed administration of 2'-methyl-MPTP. Combined deprenyl and clorgyline pretreatment are needed to block dopamine neurotoxicity elicited by 2'-methyl-MPTP. The present in vitro studies reveal that propargyl MAO inhibitors suppress non-enzymatic dopamine autoxidation and associated free radical production. Thus, .OH generation evoked by MPTP analogues may be due mainly to a burst increase in iron-catalyzed autoxidation of released dopamine in the basal ganglia where high levels of iron and oxygen are present. Our present in vitro and prior in vivo results suggest that a novel antioxidant property of propargyl MAO inhibitors may contribute to protection against nigral lesions elicited by dopamine autoxidation following the administration of MPTP analogues. JF - Journal of neural transmission. Supplementum AU - Chiueh, C C AU - Huang, S J AU - Murphy, D L AD - Laboratory of Clinical Science, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 189 EP - 196 VL - 41 SN - 0303-6995, 0303-6995 KW - Dopamine Agents KW - 0 KW - Dopamine Antagonists KW - Melanins KW - Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors KW - Selegiline KW - 2K1V7GP655 KW - Hydroxyl Radical KW - 3352-57-6 KW - Pargyline KW - 9MV14S8G3E KW - Clorgyline KW - LYJ16FZU9Q KW - Ascorbic Acid KW - PQ6CK8PD0R KW - Dopamine KW - VTD58H1Z2X KW - Index Medicus KW - Melanins -- biosynthesis KW - Selegiline -- pharmacology KW - Oxidation-Reduction -- drug effects KW - Pargyline -- pharmacology KW - Dopamine Antagonists -- pharmacology KW - Dopamine -- metabolism KW - Clorgyline -- pharmacology KW - Ascorbic Acid -- pharmacology KW - Hydroxyl Radical -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Nervous System -- drug effects KW - Dopamine Agents -- pharmacology KW - Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76756711?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+neural+transmission.+Supplementum&rft.atitle=Suppression+of+hydroxyl+radical+formation+by+MAO+inhibitors%3A+a+novel+possible+neuroprotective+mechanism+in+dopaminergic+neurotoxicity.&rft.au=Chiueh%2C+C+C%3BHuang%2C+S+J%3BMurphy%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Chiueh&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=&rft.spage=189&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+neural+transmission.+Supplementum&rft.issn=03036995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-11-23 N1 - Date created - 1994-11-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Administration of the antimycotic agents fluconazole and itraconazole to leukaemia patients: a comparative pharmacokinetic study. AN - 76750327; 7924899 AB - This report presents the results of a randomized parallel design comparative study of the serum concentrations of fluconazole and itraconazole after administration of 100 mg orally to patients with leukaemia. Each group consisted of ten patients. The antimycotic drugs were administered with a standard breakfast immediately before the start of chemotherapy (day one) and on days eight and fifteen. No significant differences (p > 0.05; ANOVA) in the pharmacokinetic parameters of fluconazole (AUC, Cmax, Tmax) were found during the three days of the trial. It is concluded that there is no clinically important pharmacokinetic interaction between fluconazole and the chemotherapeutic agents given to this group of patients. A pharmacokinetic interaction between fluconazole and the fever suffered by some of the patients also seems unlikely. No significant differences (p < 0.05; ANOVA) in the pharmacokinetic parameters of itraconazole (AUC, Cmax, Tmax) were found during the three days of the trial, although the statistical power of the data was low. The significantly greater variability of all pharmacokinetic parameters for itraconazole than for fluconazole and the sharp increases and decreases in AUC during the course of the trial found for some patients in the itraconazole group suggest the need for caution in this group of patients. JF - Drugs under experimental and clinical research AU - Lazo de la Vega, S AU - Volkow, P AU - Yeates, R A AU - Pfaff, G AD - Department of Infectious Diseases, National Cancer Institute, Mexico City, Mexico. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 69 EP - 75 VL - 20 IS - 2 SN - 0378-6501, 0378-6501 KW - Antifungal Agents KW - 0 KW - Itraconazole KW - 304NUG5GF4 KW - Fluconazole KW - 8VZV102JFY KW - Index Medicus KW - Drug Interactions KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Female KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Itraconazole -- pharmacokinetics KW - Antifungal Agents -- pharmacokinetics KW - Leukemia -- metabolism KW - Fluconazole -- pharmacokinetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76750327?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Drugs+under+experimental+and+clinical+research&rft.atitle=Administration+of+the+antimycotic+agents+fluconazole+and+itraconazole+to+leukaemia+patients%3A+a+comparative+pharmacokinetic+study.&rft.au=Lazo+de+la+Vega%2C+S%3BVolkow%2C+P%3BYeates%2C+R+A%3BPfaff%2C+G&rft.aulast=Lazo+de+la+Vega&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=69&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Drugs+under+experimental+and+clinical+research&rft.issn=03786501&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-11-16 N1 - Date created - 1994-11-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Role of human cytochromes P450 in the metabolic activation of chemical carcinogens and toxins. AN - 76708035; 8082563 JF - Drug metabolism reviews AU - Gonzalez, F J AU - Gelboin, H V AD - National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 165 EP - 183 VL - 26 IS - 1-2 SN - 0360-2532, 0360-2532 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - DNA, Complementary KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System KW - 9035-51-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - DNA, Complementary -- genetics KW - Biotransformation KW - Humans KW - Immunochemistry KW - Cell Line KW - Carcinogens -- metabolism KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System -- genetics KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76708035?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Maturational+changes+in+dermal+absorption+of+2%2C3%2C7%2C8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin+%28TCDD%29+in+Fischer+344+rats.&rft.au=Anderson%2C+Y+B%3BJackson%2C+J+A%3BBirnbaum%2C+L+S&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=1993-04-01&rft.volume=119&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=214&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-10-13 N1 - Date created - 1994-10-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - DNA strand breaks induced by configurationally isomeric hydrocarbon diol epoxides. AN - 76707883; 8082571 JF - Drug metabolism reviews AU - Bigger, C A AU - Cheh, A AU - Latif, F AU - Fishel, R AU - Canella, K A AU - Stafford, G A AU - Yagi, H AU - Jerina, D M AU - Dipple, A AD - Chemistry of Carcinogenesis Laboratory, NCI-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, Maryland 21702. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 287 EP - 299 VL - 26 IS - 1-2 SN - 0360-2532, 0360-2532 KW - Benz(a)Anthracenes KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens KW - 7,8-Dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide KW - 55097-80-8 KW - 3,4-dihydroxy-1,2-epoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrobenz(a)anthracene KW - 64551-89-9 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Stereoisomerism KW - Base Sequence KW - Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - 7,8-Dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide -- toxicity KW - 7,8-Dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide -- metabolism KW - Carcinogens -- metabolism KW - DNA Damage KW - DNA -- metabolism KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Benz(a)Anthracenes -- toxicity KW - Benz(a)Anthracenes -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76707883?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Drug+metabolism+reviews&rft.atitle=DNA+strand+breaks+induced+by+configurationally+isomeric+hydrocarbon+diol+epoxides.&rft.au=Bigger%2C+C+A%3BCheh%2C+A%3BLatif%2C+F%3BFishel%2C+R%3BCanella%2C+K+A%3BStafford%2C+G+A%3BYagi%2C+H%3BJerina%2C+D+M%3BDipple%2C+A&rft.aulast=Bigger&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=336&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+surgical+research&rft.issn=00224804&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-10-13 N1 - Date created - 1994-10-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mutational spectrum of the p53 tumor suppressor gene: clues to cancer etiology and molecular pathogenesis. AN - 76705211; 8082567 JF - Drug metabolism reviews AU - Lehman, T A AU - Greenblatt, M AU - Bennett, W P AU - Harris, C C AD - Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 221 EP - 235 VL - 26 IS - 1-2 SN - 0360-2532, 0360-2532 KW - aprt KW - hprt KW - p53 KW - Adenine Phosphoribosyltransferase KW - EC 2.4.2.7 KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase KW - EC 2.4.2.8 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Base Sequence KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase -- genetics KW - Humans KW - Adenine Phosphoribosyltransferase -- genetics KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Genes, p53 KW - Carcinoma, Hepatocellular -- etiology KW - Carcinoma, Hepatocellular -- genetics KW - Liver Neoplasms -- etiology KW - Mutation KW - Neoplasms -- genetics KW - Neoplasms -- etiology KW - Liver Neoplasms -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76705211?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Drug+metabolism+reviews&rft.atitle=Mutational+spectrum+of+the+p53+tumor+suppressor+gene%3A+clues+to+cancer+etiology+and+molecular+pathogenesis.&rft.au=Lehman%2C+T+A%3BGreenblatt%2C+M%3BBennett%2C+W+P%3BHarris%2C+C+C&rft.aulast=Lehman&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=221&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Drug+metabolism+reviews&rft.issn=03602532&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-10-13 N1 - Date created - 1994-10-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Gene symbol - aprt; hprt; p53 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Human exposure monitoring, dosimetry, and cancer risk assessment: the use of antisera specific for carcinogen-DNA adducts and carcinogen-modified DNA. AN - 76702832; 8082583 JF - Drug metabolism reviews AU - Poirier, M C AD - Laboratory of Cellular Carcinogenesis and Tumor Promotion, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 87 EP - 109 VL - 26 IS - 1-2 SN - 0360-2532, 0360-2532 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Immune Sera KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Chromatography, Affinity KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Immunohistochemistry KW - Carcinogens -- metabolism KW - DNA Damage KW - DNA -- metabolism KW - Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Environmental Exposure KW - DNA -- analysis KW - DNA -- immunology KW - Immunoassay UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76702832?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Drug+metabolism+reviews&rft.atitle=Human+exposure+monitoring%2C+dosimetry%2C+and+cancer+risk+assessment%3A+the+use+of+antisera+specific+for+carcinogen-DNA+adducts+and+carcinogen-modified+DNA.&rft.au=Poirier%2C+M+C&rft.aulast=Poirier&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=87&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Drug+metabolism+reviews&rft.issn=03602532&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-10-13 N1 - Date created - 1994-10-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prevalence and population validity of DSM-III-R alcohol abuse and dependence: the 1989 National Longitudinal Survey on Youth. AN - 76690756; 8081108 AB - This report presents national estimates of The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition, Revised (DSM-III-R) alcohol abuse and dependence among 24- to 31-year-olds using the 1989 National Longitudinal Survey on Youth (NLS-Y). Population estimates derived from the 1989 NLS-Y are also compared with corresponding estimates from the 1988 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). The 1-year prevalence of alcohol abuse and dependence was 13.95% in the 1989 NLS-Y. In general, rates of abuse and dependence were greater for men than for women and slightly declined with age. Although the prevalence of abuse was much greater among whites compared to blacks or Hispanics, the rates for dependence among Hispanics and whites exceeded those for their black counterparts. The rates of abuse and dependence were strikingly similar between the 1989 NLS-Y and 1988 NHIS, providing evidence for the population validity or generalizability of the diagnostic measures. JF - Journal of substance abuse AU - Harford, T C AU - Grant, B F AD - Division of Biometry and Epidemiology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20892. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 37 EP - 44 VL - 6 IS - 1 SN - 0899-3289, 0899-3289 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sex Factors KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Prevalence KW - Alcoholism -- epidemiology KW - Alcohol Drinking -- ethnology KW - Alcoholism -- ethnology KW - Alcohol Drinking -- epidemiology KW - Manuals as Topic UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76690756?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+substance+abuse&rft.atitle=Prevalence+and+population+validity+of+DSM-III-R+alcohol+abuse+and+dependence%3A+the+1989+National+Longitudinal+Survey+on+Youth.&rft.au=Harford%2C+T+C%3BGrant%2C+B+F&rft.aulast=Harford&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=37&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+substance+abuse&rft.issn=08993289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-10-13 N1 - Date created - 1994-10-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Recombinant toxins. AN - 76684558; 8080817 JF - Advances in pharmacology (San Diego, Calif.) AU - Kreitman, R J AU - Pastan, I AD - Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 193 EP - 219 VL - 28 SN - 1054-3589, 1054-3589 KW - Bacterial Toxins KW - 0 KW - DAB(486)-interleukin 2 KW - Diphtheria Toxin KW - Exotoxins KW - IL-6-PE40 protein, chimeric KW - Immunotoxins KW - Interleukin-2 KW - Interleukin-6 KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins KW - Transforming Growth Factor alpha KW - Virulence Factors KW - transforming growth factor type alpha-Pseudomonas exotoxin A KW - ADP Ribose Transferases KW - EC 2.4.2.- KW - toxA protein, Pseudomonas aeruginosa KW - EC 2.4.2.31 KW - Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor KW - EC 2.7.10.1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Transforming Growth Factor alpha -- therapeutic use KW - Interleukin-2 -- therapeutic use KW - Humans KW - Transforming Growth Factor alpha -- biosynthesis KW - Interleukin-2 -- biosynthesis KW - Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor -- analysis KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins -- biosynthesis KW - Interleukin-6 -- therapeutic use KW - Exotoxins -- biosynthesis KW - Diphtheria Toxin -- biosynthesis KW - Immunotoxins -- therapeutic use KW - Diphtheria Toxin -- therapeutic use KW - Interleukin-6 -- biosynthesis KW - Exotoxins -- therapeutic use KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins -- therapeutic use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76684558?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+clinical+endocrinology+and+metabolism&rft.atitle=Oral+gossypol+in+the+treatment+of+metastatic+adrenal+cancer.&rft.au=Flack%2C+M+R%3BPyle%2C+R+G%3BMullen%2C+N+M%3BLorenzo%2C+B%3BWu%2C+Y+W%3BKnazek%2C+R+A%3BNisula%2C+B+C%3BReidenberg%2C+M+M&rft.aulast=Flack&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-04-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1019&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+clinical+endocrinology+and+metabolism&rft.issn=0021972X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-10-13 N1 - Date created - 1994-10-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Carcinogen activation by sulfate conjugate formation. AN - 76679242; 8068558 AB - The foregoing pages presented a substantial body of data that established that sulfotransferase conjugation can transform many xenobiotics into agents that can modify cellular macromolecules. However, activation by sulfation is rarely the only metabolic pathway that is open to these compounds; other pathways can become more important in response to a variety of factors. This metabolic switching can be produced by substrate concentration, cofactor availability, kinetic factors that dictate the velocity of the various possible conjugation reactions, and, in some cases, competition between Phase-I and Phase-II metabolism. Also, it is important to realize that demonstration of activation by sulfate ester formation in vitro does not necessarily mean that a similar activation process will occur in vivo. Experience also teaches that argument by analogy can be very misleading in the case of sulfate activation. Small structural differences can upset the delicate balance between sulfate activation and the various other competing pathways. Nevertheless, sulfation is an important mechanism by which a number of chemicals are transformed to their activated forms. JF - Advances in pharmacology (San Diego, Calif.) AU - Michejda, C J AU - Kroeger Koepke, M B AD - Molecular Aspects of Drug Design Section, NCI-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, Maryland 21702. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 331 EP - 363 VL - 27 SN - 1054-3589, 1054-3589 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Sulfates KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Sulfates -- metabolism KW - Carcinogens -- metabolism KW - Biotransformation -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76679242?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+pharmacology+%28San+Diego%2C+Calif.%29&rft.atitle=Carcinogen+activation+by+sulfate+conjugate+formation.&rft.au=Michejda%2C+C+J%3BKroeger+Koepke%2C+M+B&rft.aulast=Michejda&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=153&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Cornell+veterinarian&rft.issn=00108901&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-09-27 N1 - Date created - 1994-09-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chemical and mutagenic specificities of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon carcinogens. AN - 76678116; 8067279 JF - Advances in experimental medicine and biology AU - Dipple, A AU - Peltonen, K AU - Cheng, S C AU - Ross, H AU - Bigger, C A AD - Chemistry of Carcinogenesis Laboratory, ABL-Basic Research Program, NCI-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, MD 21702. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 101 EP - 112 VL - 354 SN - 0065-2598, 0065-2598 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Epoxy Compounds KW - Mutagens KW - Polycyclic Compounds KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Base Sequence KW - DNA Damage KW - Humans KW - DNA -- metabolism KW - Epoxy Compounds -- metabolism KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - DNA -- drug effects KW - Polycyclic Compounds -- pharmacology KW - Polycyclic Compounds -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76678116?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.atitle=Chemical+and+mutagenic+specificities+of+polycyclic+aromatic+hydrocarbon+carcinogens.&rft.au=Dipple%2C+A%3BPeltonen%2C+K%3BCheng%2C+S+C%3BRoss%2C+H%3BBigger%2C+C+A&rft.aulast=Dipple&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=354&rft.issue=&rft.spage=101&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.issn=00652598&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-09-22 N1 - Date created - 1994-09-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Old protocols, as do old habits, die hard. AN - 76643783; 8050412 JF - Environmental and molecular mutagenesis AU - Zeiger, E AD - Environmental Toxicology Program, N.I.E.H.S., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1 EP - 2 VL - 24 IS - 1 SN - 0893-6692, 0893-6692 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Genes, Dominant KW - Mice KW - Genes, Lethal KW - Mutagenicity Tests -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76643783?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Old+protocols%2C+as+do+old+habits%2C+die+hard.&rft.au=Zeiger%2C+E&rft.aulast=Zeiger&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.issn=08936692&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-09-06 N1 - Date created - 1994-09-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Environ Mol Mutagen. 1994;24(4):332-3 [7851346] Environ Mol Mutagen. 1994;24(4):333 [7851347] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Carcinogenicity of TCDD: experimental, mechanistic, and epidemiologic evidence. AN - 76629233; 8042855 JF - Annual review of pharmacology and toxicology AU - Huff, J AU - Lucier, G AU - Tritscher, A AD - Environmental Carcinogenesis Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 343 EP - 372 VL - 34 SN - 0362-1642, 0362-1642 KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Carcinogenicity Tests KW - Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76629233?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+review+of+pharmacology+and+toxicology&rft.atitle=Carcinogenicity+of+TCDD%3A+experimental%2C+mechanistic%2C+and+epidemiologic+evidence.&rft.au=Huff%2C+J%3BLucier%2C+G%3BTritscher%2C+A&rft.aulast=Huff&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=&rft.spage=343&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annual+review+of+pharmacology+and+toxicology&rft.issn=03621642&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-08-25 N1 - Date created - 1994-08-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular epidemiology: a new perspective for the study of toxic exposures in man. A consideration of the influence of genetic susceptibility factors on risk in different lung cancer histologies. AN - 76603666; 8035747 AB - This data in the aggregate suggests that the 3 best studied genetic susceptibility factors (CYP2D6 extensive metabolizers, GST mu null phenotype, and CYP1A1 "mutant" alleles in Asians only) constitute greater risk factors for the more smoking related histologies of lung cancer, but not for adenocarcinoma. The epidemiologic evidence for a these genetic susceptibility factors in tobacco-related cancer is suggestive but not determinant. A consensus estimate of relative risk for extensive metabolizers of debrisoquine is around 2. Variability in study results depend on a number of factors which include: assay misclassification, non-correspondence of phenotype/genotype in certain subjects, disease heterogeneity, exposure variation, ethnic and racial variation. Future studies should emphasize: a high quality approach to data gathering, careful attention to epidemiologic design, and the use of intermediate markers where feasible. Investigators should consider the use of multiple genetic markers since PCR approaches can make this an efficient approach. A meta-analysis may serve to illuminate points of heterogeneity between studies. New discoveries should provide opportunities to explore for analogous associations in other malignancies. It may be speculated that the "specificity" of the association observed for each of the genetic factors tends to support the general causal nature of the hypothesis. The fact that each shares the histologic preference at least suggests that a common mechanism may be operative. The observation that the tobacco-cancer association, though clearly present, is weaker for adenocarcinoma than for the other lung cancer histologies, suggests that the underlying mechanism involves some interaction of the genetic trait with exposure to tobacco smoking, and suggests further attention to this factor to elucidate differences in risk estimates for genetic susceptibility factors among different studies. JF - La Medicina del lavoro AU - Caporaso, N E AU - Landi, M T AD - Genetic Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20892. PY - 1994 SP - 68 EP - 77 VL - 85 IS - 1 SN - 0025-7818, 0025-7818 KW - Index Medicus KW - Phenotype KW - Genotype KW - Disease Susceptibility KW - Molecular Epidemiology KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Pharmacogenetics KW - Lung Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Environmental Exposure -- statistics & numerical data KW - Lung Neoplasms -- genetics KW - Lung Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Environmental Exposure -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76603666?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=La+Medicina+del+lavoro&rft.atitle=Molecular+epidemiology%3A+a+new+perspective+for+the+study+of+toxic+exposures+in+man.+A+consideration+of+the+influence+of+genetic+susceptibility+factors+on+risk+in+different+lung+cancer+histologies.&rft.au=Caporaso%2C+N+E%3BLandi%2C+M+T&rft.aulast=Caporaso&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=68&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=La+Medicina+del+lavoro&rft.issn=00257818&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-08-16 N1 - Date created - 1994-08-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Potential gene therapy for alcoholism. AN - 76599323; 8032169 AB - Genes that have an actual or a potential relationship to alcoholism may be useful targets for therapy. Candidate genes are considered in relationship to family studies, differences in alcohol preferences in various rodent strains, biochemical reactions, physiologic response mechanisms, and alterations in brain pharmacology. Suggestions are made concerning the identification of candidate genes, design of gene antisense constructs, and techniques for their organ-specific delivery. The complexities surrounding alcoholism in humans make it likely that several simultaneous approaches may be required for effective therapy for alcoholism. JF - EXS AU - Brady, R O AD - Developmental and Metabolic Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 383 EP - 393 VL - 71 SN - 1023-294X, 1023-294X KW - DNA, Antisense KW - 0 KW - Endorphins KW - RNA, Antisense KW - Aldehyde Dehydrogenase KW - EC 1.2.1.3 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Mammals KW - Endorphins -- physiology KW - Mitochondria -- enzymology KW - Humans KW - Alcohol Drinking -- physiopathology KW - Brain -- metabolism KW - Mutation KW - Aldehyde Dehydrogenase -- genetics KW - Alcoholism -- therapy KW - Genetic Therapy KW - Aldehyde Dehydrogenase -- metabolism KW - Alcoholism -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76599323?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=EXS&rft.atitle=Potential+gene+therapy+for+alcoholism.&rft.au=Brady%2C+R+O&rft.aulast=Brady&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=&rft.spage=383&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=EXS&rft.issn=1023294X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-08-12 N1 - Date created - 1994-08-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Takayasu's arteritis. AN - 76598126; 7913334 AB - Takayasu's arteritis has become increasingly recognized as a worldwide entity with a variable spectrum of disease expression. Although evidence for immune mechanisms of disease exist, the precise etiopathogenesis remains elusive. Improvements in the evaluation of disease activity beyond the current parameters of clinical symptoms, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and angiographic findings are needed. Assessment of disease is handicapped by radiologic techniques that may detect diseased vessels but do not distinguish active from chronic lesions. A large proportion of patients with active disease respond to treatment with glucocorticoids, but a significant proportion will either require additional immunosuppression to prevent steroid toxicity or will remain unresponsive to treatment. At present, methotrexate appears to be an effective steroid-sparing agent in the treatment of active Takayasu's arteritis. Surgery continues to play a critical role in the long-term management of Takayasu's arteritis and is recommended when appropriate during inactive disease. Renal autograft transplantation has been offered as a new technique in the management of hypertension in Takayasu's arteritis. JF - Current opinion in rheumatology AU - Kerr, G AD - Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892. Y1 - 1994/01// PY - 1994 DA - January 1994 SP - 32 EP - 38 VL - 6 IS - 1 SN - 1040-8711, 1040-8711 KW - Glucocorticoids KW - 0 KW - Gonadal Steroid Hormones KW - HLA Antigens KW - Index Medicus KW - HLA Antigens -- genetics KW - Combined Modality Therapy KW - Pregnancy Complications -- therapy KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Child KW - Glucocorticoids -- therapeutic use KW - Gonadal Steroid Hormones -- physiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Takayasu Arteritis -- therapy KW - Takayasu Arteritis -- diagnosis KW - Takayasu Arteritis -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76598126?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Synapse+%28New+York%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.atitle=Molecular+alterations+in+the+neostriatum+of+human+cocaine+addicts.&rft.au=Hurd%2C+Y+L%3BHerkenham%2C+M&rft.aulast=Hurd&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=1993-04-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=357&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Synapse+%28New+York%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.issn=08874476&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-08-17 N1 - Date created - 1994-08-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Serotonin, violent behavior and alcohol. AN - 76596628; 7518265 AB - At the NIAAA intramural research program, in collaboration with investigators at the Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki, we have mounted an extensive research program on early onset male alcoholism. A central serotonergic deficit is common among these patients. This finding has led to behavioral, biochemical, physiological and molecular genetic studies on the serotonin system in early onset, antisocial and violent male alcoholics and in appropriate control populations. The results of the studies completed by the fall of 1993 are summarized in this communication. JF - EXS AU - Linnoila, M AU - Virkkunen, M AU - George, T AU - Eckardt, M AU - Higley, J D AU - Nielsen, D AU - Goldman, D AD - Laboratory of Clinical Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 155 EP - 163 VL - 71 SN - 1023-294X, 1023-294X KW - Biomarkers KW - 0 KW - Receptors, Serotonin KW - Serotonin KW - 333DO1RDJY KW - Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid KW - 54-16-0 KW - Homovanillic Acid KW - X77S6GMS36 KW - Index Medicus KW - Biomarkers -- cerebrospinal fluid KW - Animals KW - Homovanillic Acid -- cerebrospinal fluid KW - Age Factors KW - Finland KW - Humans KW - Seasons KW - Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid -- cerebrospinal fluid KW - Male KW - Receptors, Serotonin -- physiology KW - Serotonin -- physiology KW - Alcoholism -- physiopathology KW - Alcoholism -- genetics KW - Violence KW - Alcoholism -- psychology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76596628?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=EXS&rft.atitle=Serotonin%2C+violent+behavior+and+alcohol.&rft.au=Linnoila%2C+M%3BVirkkunen%2C+M%3BGeorge%2C+T%3BEckardt%2C+M%3BHigley%2C+J+D%3BNielsen%2C+D%3BGoldman%2C+D&rft.aulast=Linnoila&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=&rft.spage=155&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=EXS&rft.issn=1023294X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-08-12 N1 - Date created - 1994-08-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Retroviral RNA packaging: a review. AN - 76595516; 8032280 AB - In retroviruses, the "Gag" or core polyprotein is capable of assembling into virus particles and packaging the genomic RNA of the virus. How this protein recognizes viral RNA is not understood. Gag polyproteins contain a zinc-finger domain; mutants with changes in this domain assemble into virions, but a large fraction of these particles lack viral RNA. Thus, one crucial element in the RNA packaging mechanism is the zinc-finger domain. RNA sequences required for packaging ("packing signals") have been studied both by deletion analysis and by measuring encapsidation of nonviral mRNAs containing limited insertions of viral sequence. These experiments show that all or part of the packaging signal in viral RNA is located near the 5 end of the genome. These signals appear to be quite large, i.e., hundreds of nucleotides. Each virus particle actually contains a dimer of two identical, + strand genomic RNA molecules. The nature of the dimeric linkage is not understood. In some experimental situations (including zinc-finger mutants), only a small fraction of the particles in a virus preparation contain genomic RNA. It is striking that the genomic RNA packaged in these situations is dimeric. Because of this important observation, it is speculated that only dimers are packaged, and that the dimeric structure is an element of the packaging signal. It is also suggested that the dimers undergo a conformational change ("RNA maturation") after the virus is released from the cell, and that this change may depend upon the cleavage of the Gag polyprotein, a post-assembly event catalyzed by the virus-coded protease. JF - Archives of virology. Supplementum AU - Rein, A AD - Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Carcinogenesis, NCI-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, Maryland. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 513 EP - 522 VL - 9 SN - 0939-1983, 0939-1983 KW - RNA, Viral KW - 0 KW - Retroviridae Proteins KW - Index Medicus KW - Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid -- genetics KW - Base Sequence KW - Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Genome, Viral KW - Nucleic Acid Conformation KW - Retroviridae Proteins -- metabolism KW - Retroviridae -- growth & development KW - RNA, Viral -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76595516?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+virology.+Supplementum&rft.atitle=Retroviral+RNA+packaging%3A+a+review.&rft.au=Rein%2C+A&rft.aulast=Rein&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=&rft.spage=513&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+virology.+Supplementum&rft.issn=09391983&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-08-15 N1 - Date created - 1994-08-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - [3H]resiniferatoxin binding to pig dorsal horn membranes displays positive cooperativity. AN - 76594884; 8035647 AB - In the present report we have reevaluated specific [3H]resiniferatoxin (RTX) binding, thought to represent the vanilloid (capsaicin) receptor, to whole spinal cord and dorsal horn membranes of the pig using a modified [3H]RTX binding assay. The high nonspecific [3H]RTX binding of the original protocol was reduced by the addition of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), a plasma protein that binds RTX, to the assay mixture after the binding reaction had been terminated. Specific [3H]RTX binding to pig whole spinal cord and dorsal horn membranes followed sigmoidal saturation kinetics indicating apparent positive cooperativity. The cooperativity index determined by fitting the data to the Hill equation was 2.31 +/- 0.24 in the spinal cord and 2.27 +/- 0.13 in the dorsal horn. The apparent dissociation constants in spinal cord and dorsal horn membranes were 87.8 +/- 2.7 and 103.9 +/- 1.9 pM; the receptor densities were 23 +/- 3 and 203 +/- 5 fmol/mg protein, respectively. In parallel experiments, rat spinal cord membranes bound [3H]RTX with 2 - 3 fold higher affinity, equal positive cooperativity, and a 49 +/- 6 fmol/mg receptor density. As predicted by the modified Hill equation, at low receptor occupancy nonradioactive RTX produced biphasic competition curves. Capsaicin and the competitive antagonist capsazepine also fully displaced specifically bound [3H]RTX from pig dorsal horn membranes with Ki values of 9.7 +/- 1.7 microM and 6.8 +/- 0.7 microM, respectively; the corresponding Hill coefficients were 1.81 +/- 0.17 and 2.32 +/- 0.11. [3H]RTX binding was not inhibited by resiniferonol 9, 13, 14-orthophenylacetate, the biologically inactive parent diterpene of RTX. These findings suggest that the vanilloid receptor present in the dorsal horn of the pig, like those present in human and in the rat, is a receptor cluster in which the subunits cooperate. JF - Life sciences AU - Acs, G AU - Blumberg, P M AD - Molecular Mechanisms of Tumor Promotion Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 337 EP - 346 VL - 55 IS - 5 SN - 0024-3205, 0024-3205 KW - Diterpenes KW - 0 KW - Neurotoxins KW - resiniferatoxin KW - A5O6P1UL4I KW - Capsaicin KW - S07O44R1ZM KW - Index Medicus KW - Swine KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Female KW - Capsaicin -- pharmacology KW - Binding Sites KW - Neurotoxins -- metabolism KW - Spinal Cord -- metabolism KW - Diterpenes -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76594884?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Life+sciences&rft.atitle=%5B3H%5Dresiniferatoxin+binding+to+pig+dorsal+horn+membranes+displays+positive+cooperativity.&rft.au=Acs%2C+G%3BBlumberg%2C+P+M&rft.aulast=Acs&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=337&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Life+sciences&rft.issn=00243205&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-08-18 N1 - Date created - 1994-08-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Recruitment of enzymes and stress proteins as lens crystallins. AN - 76591317; 8032155 AB - The major water-soluble proteins--or crystallins--of the eye lens are either identical to or derived from proteins with non-refractive functions in numerous tissues. In general, the recruitment of crystallins has come from metabolic enzymes (usually with detoxification functions) or stress proteins. Some crystallins have been recruited without duplication of the original gene (i.e., lactate dehydrogenase B and alpha-enolase), while others have incurred one (i.e., argininosuccinate lyase and a small heat shock protein) or several (i.e., glutathione S-transferase) gene duplications. Enzyme (or stress protein)-crystallins often maintain their non-refractive function in the lens and/or other tissues as well as their refractive role, a process we call gene sharing. alpha-Crystallin/small heat shock protein/molecular chaperone is of special interest since it is the major crystallin of humans. There are two alpha-crystallin genes (alpha A and alpha B), with alpha B retaining the full functions of a small heat shock protein. Here we describe recent evidence indicating that alpha A and alpha B have kinase activity, which would make them members of the enzyme-crystallins. We also describe various regulatory elements of the mouse alpha-crystallin genes responsible for their expression in the lens and, for alpha B, in skeletal muscle. Delineating the control elements for gene expression of these multifunctional protective proteins provides the foundations for their eventual use in gene therapy. Finally, comparison of the mouse and chicken alpha A-crystallin genes reveals similarities and differences in their functional cis-acting elements, indicative of evolution at the level of gene regulation. JF - EXS AU - Piatigorsky, J AU - Kantorow, M AU - Gopal-Srivastava, R AU - Tomarev, S I AD - Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Biology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 241 EP - 250 VL - 71 SN - 1023-294X, 1023-294X KW - Crystallins KW - 0 KW - Enzymes KW - Heat-Shock Proteins KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Base Sequence KW - Lens, Crystalline -- metabolism KW - Multigene Family KW - Humans KW - DNA -- genetics KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Binding Sites KW - Heat-Shock Proteins -- metabolism KW - Inactivation, Metabolic KW - Enzymes -- metabolism KW - Crystallins -- genetics KW - Heat-Shock Proteins -- genetics KW - Enzymes -- genetics KW - Crystallins -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76591317?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=EXS&rft.atitle=Recruitment+of+enzymes+and+stress+proteins+as+lens+crystallins.&rft.au=Piatigorsky%2C+J%3BKantorow%2C+M%3BGopal-Srivastava%2C+R%3BTomarev%2C+S+I&rft.aulast=Piatigorsky&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=&rft.spage=241&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=EXS&rft.issn=1023294X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-08-12 N1 - Date created - 1994-08-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Screening for CF mutations in adult cystic fibrosis patients with a directed and optimized SSCP strategy. AN - 76590848; 7517265 AB - Twenty adolescent and adult cystic fibrosis (CF) patients have been studied for the presence of mutations in the CFTR gene. Mutations other than deltaF508 have been detected by comparison to the single-stranded conformation polymorphism (SSCP) pattern of known mutations in eight exons, in which 80% of the more common mutations are present. Each mutation was confirmed by direct sequencing. For each of the analyzed exons, optimal SSCP conditions have been determined that allow all available known mutations in that exon to be distinguished from each other. This approach allowed mutations to be defined in 75% of the non deltaF508 alleles and 92% of all CF alleles in this cohort. JF - Human mutation AU - Ravnik-Glavac, M AU - Glavac, D AU - Chernick, M AU - di Sant'Agnese, P AU - Dean, M AD - Biological Carcinogenesis and Development Program, Inc./DynCorp, National Cancer Institute, Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, Maryland 21702-1201. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 231 EP - 238 VL - 3 IS - 3 SN - 1059-7794, 1059-7794 KW - CFTR KW - CFTR protein, human KW - 0 KW - Chlorides KW - DNA Primers KW - Membrane Proteins KW - Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator KW - 126880-72-6 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sweat -- chemistry KW - Exons KW - Humans KW - Chlorides -- metabolism KW - Base Sequence KW - Adult KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction -- methods KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Adolescent KW - Female KW - Male KW - Cystic Fibrosis -- genetics KW - Polymorphism, Genetic KW - Point Mutation KW - Membrane Proteins -- genetics KW - Mutation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76590848?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+mutation&rft.atitle=Screening+for+CF+mutations+in+adult+cystic+fibrosis+patients+with+a+directed+and+optimized+SSCP+strategy.&rft.au=Ravnik-Glavac%2C+M%3BGlavac%2C+D%3BChernick%2C+M%3Bdi+Sant%27Agnese%2C+P%3BDean%2C+M&rft.aulast=Ravnik-Glavac&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=231&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Human+mutation&rft.issn=10597794&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-08-04 N1 - Date created - 1994-08-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Gene symbol - CFTR N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Outlook: prospects for alcoholism treatment. AN - 76587084; 8032171 AB - Treating alcoholism reduces many alcohol-related social, economic, and medical problems. A historical lack of support for alcoholism treatment and for alcoholism treatment research is disappearing, and significant progress is being made toward developing new and improved treatments. Current research findings are the basis of this "Outlook" which is divided into three levels of confidence: clear extrapolations from present research, extrapolations that are reasonable but uncertain, and predictions that attempt to guess the unguessable. It concludes that the future looks promising for new and improved alcoholism treatments. JF - EXS AU - Gordis, E AD - National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Rockville, MD 20857. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 395 EP - 404 VL - 71 SN - 1023-294X, 1023-294X KW - Ethanol KW - 3K9958V90M KW - Index Medicus KW - Ethanol -- adverse effects KW - Substance Withdrawal Syndrome KW - Humans KW - Research -- trends KW - Alcoholism -- therapy KW - Alcoholism -- physiopathology KW - Alcoholism -- psychology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76587084?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=EXS&rft.atitle=Outlook%3A+prospects+for+alcoholism+treatment.&rft.au=Gordis%2C+E&rft.aulast=Gordis&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=&rft.spage=395&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=EXS&rft.issn=1023294X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-08-12 N1 - Date created - 1994-08-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sequence analysis of two novel HLA-DMA alleles. AN - 76585817; 8026867 JF - Immunogenetics AU - Carrington, M AU - Harding, A AD - Biological Carcinogenesis and Development Program, Program Resources Inc./DynCorp, National Cancer Institute, Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, MD 21702. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 165 VL - 40 IS - 2 SN - 0093-7711, 0093-7711 KW - H2-M antigens KW - 0 KW - HLA-D Antigens KW - HLA-DM antigens KW - Histocompatibility Antigens Class II KW - Index Medicus KW - Exons -- genetics KW - Base Sequence KW - Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid KW - Humans KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Sequence Analysis, DNA KW - Alleles KW - HLA-D Antigens -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76585817?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Immunogenetics&rft.atitle=Sequence+analysis+of+two+novel+HLA-DMA+alleles.&rft.au=Carrington%2C+M%3BHarding%2C+A&rft.aulast=Carrington&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=165&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Immunogenetics&rft.issn=00937711&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-08-05 N1 - Date created - 1994-08-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - U04878; GENBANK; U04877 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Activation of peripheral large granular lymphocytes with the serine/threonine phosphatase inhibitor, okadaic acid. AN - 76582451; 8020552 AB - The murine polyether fatty acid, okadaic acid, is a potent inhibitor of serine/threonine phosphatases in eukaryotic cells. This compound inhibits both protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) and phosphatase 2A (PP2A). Here we have examined the potential of okadaic acid as an activator of fresh peripheral CD3- large granular lymphocytes (LGL). We demonstrate that overnight exposure of LGL to as little as 1 nM okadaic acid induced an increase in natural killing against the K562 cell line, but does not induce LAK activity. Optimal cytotoxic activation (2-fold) occurred at 0.01-1.0 nM okadaic acid, with a return to baseline levels at 10-20 nM, and inhibition, likely due to toxicity, at 40 nM. In addition, okadaic acid at doses > or = 20 nM induced LGL but not T cells to produce interferon-gamma. Similar to phorbol esters, overnight incubation with okadaic acid causes a dose-dependent reduction in expression of the low-affinity receptor for the Fc portion of IgG (CD16). However, unlike phorbol ester, short-term (5 min) okadaic acid treatment did not block CD16-mediated Ca2+ mobilization in LGL. To address the underlying biochemical mechanisms of okadaic acid activities, the levels of several as-yet-unidentified serine/threonine kinases were assayed after renaturation. Under these conditions, okadaic acid induced similar increases in kinase levels in both T cells and LGL. Taken together, these data suggest an important role for PP1 and PP2A in LGL physiology, and define okadaic acid as a potentially important biological response modifier for the study of LGL and T cell biochemistry, signal transduction, and transcriptional regulation. JF - European journal of immunology AU - McVicar, D W AU - Mason, A T AU - Bere, E W AU - Ortaldo, J R AD - Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, NCI-FCRDC, Frederick, MD 21702-1201. Y1 - 1994/01// PY - 1994 DA - January 1994 SP - 165 EP - 170 VL - 24 IS - 1 SN - 0014-2980, 0014-2980 KW - Ethers, Cyclic KW - 0 KW - Receptors, IgG KW - Receptors, Interleukin-2 KW - Okadaic Acid KW - 1W21G5Q4N2 KW - Interferon-gamma KW - 82115-62-6 KW - Phosphoprotein Phosphatases KW - EC 3.1.3.16 KW - Protein Phosphatase 1 KW - Protein Phosphatase 2 KW - Calcium KW - SY7Q814VUP KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Receptors, Interleukin-2 -- biosynthesis KW - Interferon-gamma -- biosynthesis KW - Killer Cells, Natural -- drug effects KW - Phosphorylation -- drug effects KW - Calcium -- metabolism KW - Receptors, IgG -- biosynthesis KW - In Vitro Techniques KW - Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic KW - Flow Cytometry KW - T-Lymphocytes -- drug effects KW - Phosphoprotein Phosphatases -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Lymphocyte Activation -- drug effects KW - Lymphocyte Subsets -- drug effects KW - Ethers, Cyclic -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76582451?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+journal+of+immunology&rft.atitle=Activation+of+peripheral+large+granular+lymphocytes+with+the+serine%2Fthreonine+phosphatase+inhibitor%2C+okadaic+acid.&rft.au=McVicar%2C+D+W%3BMason%2C+A+T%3BBere%2C+E+W%3BOrtaldo%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=McVicar&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=165&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=European+journal+of+immunology&rft.issn=00142980&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-08-02 N1 - Date created - 1994-08-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Local pharmacological manipulation of extracellular dopamine levels in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and caudate nucleus in the rhesus monkey: an in vivo microdialysis study. AN - 76564525; 8013591 AB - The prefrontal cortex, caudate nucleus, and their dopaminergic innervations have been implicated in complex information processing. The present study utilized the in vivo microdialysis technique to characterize the extracellular dopamine levels in the prefrontal cortex and the caudate nucleus in the rhesus monkey. Basal levels of dopamine were consistently found in the caudate nucleus, while levels in the prefrontal cortex were less reliably measured. Manipulation of dopamine levels using tetrodotoxin and high potassium demonstrated that dopamine measured was dependent on neuronal firing. Administration of indirect dopamine agonists d-amphetamine and cocaine into the prefrontal cortex and the caudate nucleus increased extracellular dopamine levels 250% and 5000%, respectively. Amphetamine and cocaine had greater effects on dopamine levels in the caudate than in the prefrontal cortex. Cocaine induced increases appeared to be less than that of amphetamine and the actions of cocaine lasted longer than amphetamine. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using in vivo microdialysis in monitoring neurochemicals in different regions of the rhesus monkey brain. JF - Experimental brain research AU - Saunders, R C AU - Kolachana, B S AU - Weinberger, D R AD - Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, NIMH/NIH, NIMH Neurosciences Center at St. Elizabeths Hospital, Washington, DC 20032. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 44 EP - 52 VL - 98 IS - 1 SN - 0014-4819, 0014-4819 KW - Tetrodotoxin KW - 4368-28-9 KW - Cocaine KW - I5Y540LHVR KW - Potassium KW - RWP5GA015D KW - Dextroamphetamine KW - TZ47U051FI KW - Dopamine KW - VTD58H1Z2X KW - Index Medicus KW - Microdialysis KW - Animals KW - Potassium -- pharmacology KW - Macaca mulatta KW - Tetrodotoxin -- pharmacology KW - Cocaine -- pharmacology KW - Male KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Dextroamphetamine -- pharmacology KW - Caudate Nucleus -- anatomy & histology KW - Caudate Nucleus -- metabolism KW - Prefrontal Cortex -- metabolism KW - Extracellular Space -- metabolism KW - Prefrontal Cortex -- anatomy & histology KW - Dopamine -- metabolism KW - Caudate Nucleus -- drug effects KW - Prefrontal Cortex -- drug effects KW - Extracellular Space -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76564525?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Experimental+brain+research&rft.atitle=Local+pharmacological+manipulation+of+extracellular+dopamine+levels+in+the+dorsolateral+prefrontal+cortex+and+caudate+nucleus+in+the+rhesus+monkey%3A+an+in+vivo+microdialysis+study.&rft.au=Saunders%2C+R+C%3BKolachana%2C+B+S%3BWeinberger%2C+D+R&rft.aulast=Saunders&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=98&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=44&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Experimental+brain+research&rft.issn=00144819&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-07-27 N1 - Date created - 1994-07-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The membrane localization of the G protein alpha s subunit is not dependent on its TENIR sequence or effector domain. AN - 76554995; 8011426 AB - The GS protein alpha subunit (alpha S) sequences conserved in non-myristoylated alpha subunits (TENIR, residues 369-373) or critical for adenylyl cyclase interaction were investigated as possible sites required for membrane localization. Substitutions were created by site-directed mutagenesis in which the TENIR residues were deleted from alpha S or added to the soluble, non-myristoylated alpha i1. After transfection, COS cells were separated by centrifugation into particulate and soluble fractions. Immunoblots showed that these substitutions did not change the localization: alpha S +/- TENIR in the particulate fraction, non-myristoylated alpha i1 +/- TENIR in the soluble fraction. The constitutively active alpha i/alpha S chimera (CH4A), containing four regions of alpha S sufficient for adenylyl cyclase activation, was mutated to prevent myristoylation (GA-CH4A). Immunoblots of transfected COS cell fractions showed CH4A in the particulate and GA-CH4A in the soluble fraction. While these regions did not lead to membrane localization, the soluble GA-CH4A could activate adenylyl cyclase in the intact cell and after reconstitution with cyc- membranes. JF - Cellular signalling AU - Degtyarev, M Y AU - Spiegel, A M AU - Jones, T L AD - Molecular Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892. Y1 - 1994/01// PY - 1994 DA - January 1994 SP - 25 EP - 33 VL - 6 IS - 1 SN - 0898-6568, 0898-6568 KW - Oligopeptides KW - 0 KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins KW - GTP-Binding Proteins KW - EC 3.6.1.- KW - Adenylyl Cyclases KW - EC 4.6.1.1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel KW - Macaca KW - Adenylyl Cyclases -- metabolism KW - Gene Expression KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Structure-Activity Relationship KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins -- metabolism KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Base Sequence KW - Transfection KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Cell Line, Transformed KW - Cell Membrane -- metabolism KW - GTP-Binding Proteins -- metabolism KW - Oligopeptides -- genetics KW - Oligopeptides -- metabolism KW - GTP-Binding Proteins -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76554995?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cellular+signalling&rft.atitle=The+membrane+localization+of+the+G+protein+alpha+s+subunit+is+not+dependent+on+its+TENIR+sequence+or+effector+domain.&rft.au=Degtyarev%2C+M+Y%3BSpiegel%2C+A+M%3BJones%2C+T+L&rft.aulast=Degtyarev&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=25&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cellular+signalling&rft.issn=08986568&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-07-28 N1 - Date created - 1994-07-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular organization and gene regulation of type IV collagen. AN - 76537961; 8004973 JF - Contributions to nephrology AU - Takami, H AU - Burbelo, P D AU - Fukuda, K AU - Chang, H S AU - Phillips, S L AU - Yamada, Y AD - Laboratory of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Dental Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 36 EP - 46 VL - 107 SN - 0302-5144, 0302-5144 KW - Neoplasm Proteins KW - 0 KW - Recombinant Proteins KW - Transcription Factors KW - Collagen KW - 9007-34-5 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Neoplasm Proteins -- biosynthesis KW - Recombinant Proteins -- biosynthesis KW - Transcription Factors -- metabolism KW - Transcription, Genetic KW - Teratocarcinoma -- metabolism KW - Mice KW - Teratocarcinoma -- pathology KW - Rats KW - Base Sequence KW - Promoter Regions, Genetic KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured KW - Basement Membrane -- metabolism KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - CHO Cells KW - Methylation KW - Cricetinae KW - Collagen -- genetics KW - Gene Expression Regulation KW - Collagen -- biosynthesis KW - Collagen -- classification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76537961?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Contributions+to+nephrology&rft.atitle=Molecular+organization+and+gene+regulation+of+type+IV+collagen.&rft.au=Takami%2C+H%3BBurbelo%2C+P+D%3BFukuda%2C+K%3BChang%2C+H+S%3BPhillips%2C+S+L%3BYamada%2C+Y&rft.aulast=Takami&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=107&rft.issue=&rft.spage=36&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Contributions+to+nephrology&rft.issn=03025144&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-07-18 N1 - Date created - 1994-07-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Selenium biochemistry--selected topics. AN - 76529040; 8203287 JF - Advances in inorganic biochemistry AU - Stadtman, T C AD - Laboratory of Biochemistry, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 157 EP - 175 VL - 10 SN - 0190-0218, 0190-0218 KW - Enzymes KW - 0 KW - Selenocysteine KW - 0CH9049VIS KW - Selenium KW - H6241UJ22B KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Selenocysteine -- chemistry KW - Enzymes -- metabolism KW - Selenium -- metabolism KW - Selenium -- chemistry KW - Selenium -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76529040?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+inorganic+biochemistry&rft.atitle=Selenium+biochemistry--selected+topics.&rft.au=Stadtman%2C+T+C&rft.aulast=Stadtman&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=&rft.spage=157&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advances+in+inorganic+biochemistry&rft.issn=01900218&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-07-05 N1 - Date created - 1994-07-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Anti-IL-2 receptor monoclonal antibody (anti-Tac) treatment of T-cell lymphoma. AN - 76528473; 8206486 AB - The abnormal and activated T cells in certain neoplasms of mononuclear cells, select autoimmune disorders, and organ allograft rejection express the IL-2R alpha subunit identified by the anti-Tac monoclonal antibody. In contrast, normal resting cells do not express this inducible receptor. Patients with ATL were treated with different forms of IL-2R-directed therapy to exploit the difference in IL-2R expression between normal and malignant cells. Using the unmodified anti-Tac monoclonal antibody, 7 of 19 patients with ATL treated have undergone a remission (2 cases complete), with no toxicity observed. Unmodified murine monoclonal antibodies are limited by their immunogenicity and poor effector functions. Genetic engineering was used to produce humanized anti-Tac that contains the complementarity-determining regions from the mouse with the remainder of the molecule derived from human IgG1-kappa. This antibody is less immunogenic than the murine version, has improved pharmacokinetics, and, in contrast with the parent antibody, manifests ADCC with human mononuclear cells. To enhance its effector function, anti-Tac was armed with toxins or with alpha- and beta-emitting radionuclides. In a clinical trial with 90Y-anti-Tac at the doses used (5, 10, and 15 microCi), 11 of the 17 patients with ATL underwent a partial or sustained a complete remission. Thus, the clinical application of IL-2R-directed therapy represents a new perspective for the treatment of T-cell lymphomas, including HTLV-I-associated ATL. JF - Important advances in oncology AU - Waldmann, T A AD - Metabolism Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 131 EP - 141 SN - 0883-5896, 0883-5896 KW - lck KW - lyn KW - tax KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal KW - 0 KW - Antibodies, Neoplasm KW - Bacterial Toxins KW - Exotoxins KW - Immunotoxins KW - Neoplasm Proteins KW - Radioisotopes KW - Receptors, Interleukin-2 KW - Virulence Factors KW - Yttrium Radioisotopes KW - ADP Ribose Transferases KW - EC 2.4.2.- KW - toxA protein, Pseudomonas aeruginosa KW - EC 2.4.2.31 KW - Bismuth KW - U015TT5I8H KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Yttrium Radioisotopes -- therapeutic use KW - Animals KW - Bismuth -- administration & dosage KW - Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity KW - Exotoxins -- administration & dosage KW - Humans KW - Mice KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - HTLV-I Infections -- genetics KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic KW - Antibody Specificity KW - Yttrium Radioisotopes -- administration & dosage KW - Protein Engineering KW - Bismuth -- therapeutic use KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Radioisotopes -- therapeutic use KW - Immunotoxins -- therapeutic use KW - Exotoxins -- therapeutic use KW - Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes -- etiology KW - Radioisotopes -- administration & dosage KW - Neoplasm Proteins -- biosynthesis KW - Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell -- therapy KW - Neoplasm Proteins -- immunology KW - Receptors, Interleukin-2 -- biosynthesis KW - Antibodies, Neoplasm -- therapeutic use KW - Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell -- genetics KW - Receptors, Interleukin-2 -- genetics KW - Receptors, Interleukin-2 -- immunology KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal -- therapeutic use KW - Neoplasm Proteins -- genetics KW - Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell -- immunology KW - Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell -- mortality KW - Receptors, Interleukin-2 -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76528473?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oncogene&rft.atitle=Suppression+of+oncogene-induced+transformation+by+a+deletion+mutant+of+c-jun.&rft.au=Brown%2C+P+H%3BAlani%2C+R%3BPreis%2C+L+H%3BSzabo%2C+E%3BBirrer%2C+M+J&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1993-04-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=877&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Oncogene&rft.issn=09509232&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-07-14 N1 - Date created - 1994-07-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Gene symbol - lck; lyn; tax N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Immunotoxins and recombinant toxins for cancer treatment. AN - 76527131; 8206493 JF - Important advances in oncology AU - Pai, L H AU - Pastan, I AD - Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 3 EP - 19 SN - 0883-5896, 0883-5896 KW - Bacterial Toxins KW - 0 KW - Cytokines KW - Diphtheria Toxin KW - Exotoxins KW - Immunotoxins KW - Recombinant Proteins KW - Virulence Factors KW - Ricin KW - 9009-86-3 KW - ADP Ribose Transferases KW - EC 2.4.2.- KW - toxA protein, Pseudomonas aeruginosa KW - EC 2.4.2.31 KW - Index Medicus KW - Cytokines -- therapeutic use KW - Ricin -- therapeutic use KW - Humans KW - Diphtheria Toxin -- therapeutic use KW - Exotoxins -- therapeutic use KW - Drug Design KW - Neoplasms -- drug therapy KW - Immunotoxins -- therapeutic use KW - Recombinant Proteins -- therapeutic use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76527131?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Important+advances+in+oncology&rft.atitle=Immunotoxins+and+recombinant+toxins+for+cancer+treatment.&rft.au=Pai%2C+L+H%3BPastan%2C+I&rft.aulast=Pai&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=3&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Important+advances+in+oncology&rft.issn=08835896&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-07-14 N1 - Date created - 1994-07-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia following treatment with epipodophyllotoxins: estimating the risks. AN - 76523387; 8202047 AB - In the past decade, therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia (t-AML) following treatment with regimens that include inhibitors of topoisomerase-II (TOPO-II) has been reported with increasing frequency. These cases of t-AML generally have a shorter latency period than t-AML following alkylator therapy, are associated with chromosomal translocations (especially involving chromosome band 11q23), and usually present as M4 or M5 FAB subtype. Although the epipodophyllotoxins (etoposide and teniposide) have been most often implicated, similar cases of t-AML occur following therapy with other classes of Topo-II inhibitors (e.g., anthracyclines). There is wide variation in published studies in the estimates of risk of t-AML following epipodophyllotoxin therapy. These varying estimates may reflect a number of factors, including: small sample size leading to large confidence intervals around risk estimates; varying susceptibility of different patient populations; varying schedules of epipodophyllotoxin administration; different cumulative doses of epipodophyllotoxins; and administration of epopodophyllotoxins with additional agents that may alter the leukemogenic effect of the epipodophyllotoxins. Available data suggest that children with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) treated with high cumulative doses of epipodophyllotoxins using either weekly or twice-weekly schedules of administration have a relatively high risk of developing t-AML (5-12% cumulative risk). On the other hand, germ cell patients treated with relatively low cumulative doses of etoposide (usually 1,500-2,500 mg/m2) appear to have a low risk for developing t-AML. There is inadequate experience at this time with higher cumulative doses of etoposide (e.g., 4,000-5,000 mg/m2 as used for pediatric solid tumors) given on a daily x 5 schedule to allow estimates of risk to be developed for this schedule and cumulative dose. The Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program (CTEP) of the National Cancer Institute (NCI) has developed a monitoring plan designed to obtain reliable estimates of the risk of t-AML following epipodophyllotoxin treatment. Twelve Cooperative Group clinical trials that use epipodophyllotoxins at either low ( 4,000 mg/m2) are being prospectively monitored for cases of t-AML occurring among patients entered onto the trials. JF - Medical and pediatric oncology AU - Smith, M A AU - Rubinstein, L AU - Ungerleider, R S AD - Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, DCT, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland 20892. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 86 EP - 98 VL - 23 IS - 2 SN - 0098-1532, 0098-1532 KW - Alkylating Agents KW - 0 KW - Topoisomerase II Inhibitors KW - Podophyllotoxin KW - L36H50F353 KW - Index Medicus KW - Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Acute -- chemically induced KW - Drug Administration Schedule KW - Humans KW - Clinical Trials as Topic KW - Child KW - Translocation, Genetic KW - Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11 KW - Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin -- drug therapy KW - Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute -- chemically induced KW - Prospective Studies KW - Risk Factors KW - Alkylating Agents -- adverse effects KW - Cell Cycle -- drug effects KW - Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma -- drug therapy KW - Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute -- chemically induced KW - Podophyllotoxin -- adverse effects KW - Neoplasms, Second Primary -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76523387?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Medical+and+pediatric+oncology&rft.atitle=Therapy-related+acute+myeloid+leukemia+following+treatment+with+epipodophyllotoxins%3A+estimating+the+risks.&rft.au=Smith%2C+M+A%3BRubinstein%2C+L%3BUngerleider%2C+R+S&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=86&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Medical+and+pediatric+oncology&rft.issn=00981532&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-07-06 N1 - Date created - 1994-07-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of [3H]resiniferatoxin binding to spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia of newborn and adult rats. AN - 76516304; 8196505 AB - Capsaicin is frequently used in neurobiological investigations to selectively inhibit response by the primary sensory afferent neurons. The effectiveness of treatment depends significantly on the age of the animals; newborns are both quantitatively and qualitatively more sensitive than adults. In the present study, we used the [3H]resiniferatoxin binding assay to determine whether this different susceptibility to capsaicin between newborns and adult animals may reflect differences either in receptor affinity or density. We report here that whole spinal cord membranes of neonates bound [3H]RTX with similar affinity and positive cooperativity as did the spinal cord membranes from adult animals (Kd values were 24.8 +/- 3.7 and 26.8 +/- 4.8 pM, respectively; Hill coefficients were 2.25 +/- 0.03 and 2.17 +/- 0.05, respectively). However, the receptor density was three-fold higher in the spinal cord membranes of neonates than of adult rats (Bmax values were 142 +/- 13 and 43 +/- 3 fmol/mg protein, respectively). We found no significant difference in the [3H]RTX binding properties of dorsal root ganglia membranes of newborn and adult animals. Our results suggest that a higher density of the vanilloid receptor in the spinal cord (but not in the dorsal root ganglia) of newborn animals may contribute to the quantitative differences between the sensitivity of adult animals and neonates. JF - Life sciences AU - Acs, G AU - Blumberg, P M AD - Molecular Mechanisms of Tumor Promotion Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1875 EP - 1882 VL - 54 IS - 24 SN - 0024-3205, 0024-3205 KW - Diterpenes KW - 0 KW - Neurotoxins KW - resiniferatoxin KW - A5O6P1UL4I KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals, Newborn KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Age Factors KW - Male KW - Female KW - Binding Sites KW - Neurotoxins -- metabolism KW - Spinal Cord -- metabolism KW - Ganglia, Spinal -- metabolism KW - Diterpenes -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76516304?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Life+sciences&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+%5B3H%5Dresiniferatoxin+binding+to+spinal+cord+and+dorsal+root+ganglia+of+newborn+and+adult+rats.&rft.au=Acs%2C+G%3BBlumberg%2C+P+M&rft.aulast=Acs&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=24&rft.spage=1875&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Life+sciences&rft.issn=00243205&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-06-27 N1 - Date created - 1994-06-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An immunotoxin with increased activity and homogeneity produced by reducing the number of lysine residues in recombinant Pseudomonas exotoxin. AN - 76512843; 8199233 AB - Pseudomonas exotoxin A (PE) is a protein composed of 613 amino acids arranged into three major, and one minor, domains. Immunotoxins (ITs) containing PE38, a mutant form of PE which lacks the cell binding domain (Ia, amino acids 1-252) and 16 amino acids from domain Ib (amino acids 365-380), are extremely potent cytotoxic agents which can cause a complete regression of various human carcinomas grown in nude mice. However, these ITs are a mixture of several different chemical forms since the coupling between the antibody and the toxin may occur between either the light or heavy chain of the antibody and one of the four primary amino groups present on the truncated toxin. To modify the toxin with heterobifunctional crosslinking reagents only at specific sites, we replaced lysines 590 and 606 with glutamines and lysine 613 with arginine (PE38QQR). We also added two different peptide sequences, each containing a lysine residue, at the N-terminus of PE38. In one of these the sequence is ANLAEEAFK ("Lys" peptide), and in the other, the sequence is LQGTKLMAEE ("NLys" peptide). The mutant toxins were coupled using a thioether linkage to monoclonal antibody B3 which recognizes an antigen present in large amounts on many human cancers. PE38QQR-containing recombinant toxins can only be linked to an antibody through the N-terminal methionine or the lysine within the peptide.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Bioconjugate chemistry AU - Debinski, W AU - Pastan, I AD - Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892. PY - 1994 SP - 40 EP - 46 VL - 5 IS - 1 SN - 1043-1802, 1043-1802 KW - Antineoplastic Agents KW - 0 KW - Bacterial Toxins KW - Disulfides KW - Exotoxins KW - Immunotoxins KW - Peptide Fragments KW - Recombinant Proteins KW - Sulfides KW - Virulence Factors KW - Adenosine Diphosphate KW - 61D2G4IYVH KW - ADP Ribose Transferases KW - EC 2.4.2.- KW - toxA protein, Pseudomonas aeruginosa KW - EC 2.4.2.31 KW - Lysine KW - K3Z4F929H6 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor KW - Escherichia coli -- metabolism KW - Humans KW - Sulfides -- chemistry KW - Escherichia coli -- genetics KW - Mice, Nude KW - Mice KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Recombinant Proteins -- genetics KW - Neoplasm Transplantation KW - Disulfides -- chemistry KW - Recombinant Proteins -- metabolism KW - Peptide Fragments -- pharmacology KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Lethal Dose 50 KW - Escherichia coli -- growth & development KW - Mutation KW - Antineoplastic Agents -- pharmacology KW - Carcinoma, Squamous Cell -- drug therapy KW - Female KW - Adenosine Diphosphate -- metabolism KW - Immunotoxins -- chemistry KW - Exotoxins -- pharmacology KW - Lysine -- chemistry KW - Immunotoxins -- toxicity KW - Exotoxins -- toxicity KW - Exotoxins -- chemistry KW - Immunotoxins -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76512843?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bioconjugate+chemistry&rft.atitle=An+immunotoxin+with+increased+activity+and+homogeneity+produced+by+reducing+the+number+of+lysine+residues+in+recombinant+Pseudomonas+exotoxin.&rft.au=Debinski%2C+W%3BPastan%2C+I&rft.aulast=Debinski&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=40&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bioconjugate+chemistry&rft.issn=10431802&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-07-07 N1 - Date created - 1994-07-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Transgenic mouse models in chemical carcinogenesis studies. AN - 76497999; 8192589 JF - Archives of toxicology. Supplement. = Archiv fur Toxikologie. Supplement AU - Tennant, R AD - Laboratory of Environmental Carcinogenesis and Mutagenesis, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 261 EP - 270 VL - 16 SN - 0171-9750, 0171-9750 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Disease Models, Animal KW - Oncogenes -- physiology KW - Mice KW - Male KW - Female KW - Neoplasms, Experimental -- chemically induced KW - Mice, Transgenic -- physiology KW - Neoplasms, Experimental -- genetics KW - Mice, Transgenic -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76497999?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+toxicology.+Supplement.+%3D+Archiv+fur+Toxikologie.+Supplement&rft.atitle=Transgenic+mouse+models+in+chemical+carcinogenesis+studies.&rft.au=Tennant%2C+R&rft.aulast=Tennant&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=&rft.spage=261&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+toxicology.+Supplement.+%3D+Archiv+fur+Toxikologie.+Supplement&rft.issn=01719750&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-06-21 N1 - Date created - 1994-06-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nonlinearity of dose-response functions for carcinogenicity. AN - 76492818; 8187698 AB - Carcinogenesis data for 315 chemicals were obtained from the National Cancer Institute-National Toxicology Program (NCI-NTP) bioassay programs and were analyzed to examine the shape of carcinogenesis dose-response curves. Tumor site data were more often consistent with a quadratic response than with a linear response, suggesting that the routine use of linear dose-response models will often overestimate risk. Information from in vivo short-term mutagenicity and genotoxicity assays was also obtained for most of these rodent bioassays. It was found that there were no clear relationships between the shape of the carcinogenesis dose-response curve and the result of the short-term test. These observations argue against the concept that carcinogens that are positive in a short-term assay be regulated using a linear dose-response curve and those that are negative be regulated using a sublinear dose-response curve or a safety factor approach. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Hoel, D G AU - Portier, C J AD - National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709. Y1 - 1994/01// PY - 1994 DA - January 1994 SP - 109 EP - 113 VL - 102 Suppl 1 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Mice KW - Models, Biological KW - Male KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Models, Statistical UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76492818?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Nonlinearity+of+dose-response+functions+for+carcinogenicity.&rft.au=Hoel%2C+D+G%3BPortier%2C+C+J&rft.aulast=Hoel&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=102+Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=109&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-06-23 N1 - Date created - 1994-06-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Cancer Res. 1975 Jun;35(6):1379-86 [1131812] Arch Toxicol. 1987;60(1-3):224-8 [3304212] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Jun;77(6):3659-63 [6774342] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1981 Jun;66(6):1037-52 [6941039] Science. 1981 Oct 23;214(4519):401-7 [7291981] Science. 1983 Mar 4;219(4588):1032-7 [6823565] Environ Health Perspect. 1983 Apr;50:309-20 [6873021] Nature. 1983 Aug 18-24;304(5927):648-51 [6877385] Science. 1983 Nov 18;222(4625):771-8 [6356358] Environ Res. 1984 Jun;34(1):175-91 [6373246] Science. 1985 Nov 15;230(4727):770-6 [2997917] Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1986 Feb;6(2):263-9 [3699316] Science. 1987 Jan 16;235(4786):305-11 [3541204] Cancer Res. 1987 Feb 15;47(4):1143-8 [3802095] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1987 Feb;87(2):185-205 [3824380] Environ Health Perspect. 1987 Dec;76:65-70 [3447905] Biometrics. 1988 Jun;44(2):417-31 [3390507] Risk Anal. 1988 Sep;8(3):337-42 [2849149] Science. 1989 Mar 24;243(4898):1553 [2928792] Risk Anal. 1988 Dec;8(4):485-97 [3244857] Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1989 May;12(4):731-7 [2744275] Mol Carcinog. 1990;3(1):3-4 [2322387] Science. 1990 Aug 31;249(4972):1007-11 [2204108] Science. 1990 Aug 31;249(4972):970-1 [2136249] Risk Anal. 1991 Sep;11(3):535-43 [1947359] Science. 1977 Nov 18;198(4318):693-9 [910152] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Altered transcriptional regulation of human interstitial collagenase in cultured skin fibroblasts from older donors. AN - 76489092; 8187840 AB - Primary human dermal fibroblasts isolated from the medial aspect of the proximal forearm of young and old donors were compared for the expression of interstitial collagenase, 72 kDa type IV collagenase, the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase type 1, and pro-alpha 2 (I) collagen mRNA at basal levels and after stimulation with the tumor promotor 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate. Higher basal and induced steady-state mRNA levels of interstitial collagenase were found in the cells from older donors. Ratios of basal and induced steady-state mRNA levels of interstitial collagenase to pro-alpha 2 (I) collagen, and interstitial collagenase to the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases type 1 were also higher in the cells from older donors. Seventy-two kiloDalton type IV collagenase and pro-alpha 2 (I) collagen mRNA showed similar levels of expression in the cells from young and old donors and were not altered by treatment with 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate. Transient transfection assays with the interstitial collagenase promoter linked to a reporter gene showed increased activity of the reporter in cell strains with high interstitial collagenase mRNA levels. Mobility shift assays demonstrated increased binding activity to the specific 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate response element in nuclear extracts from the cell strains with higher induced collagenase mRNA levels and higher reporter gene activity. These findings are consistent with the observed phenotype of interstitial collagenase and its specific tissue inhibitor in the senescent fibroblast aging model. JF - Experimental gerontology AU - Burke, E M AU - Horton, W E AU - Pearson, J D AU - Crow, M T AU - Martin, G R AD - Gerontology Research Center, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland 21224. PY - 1994 SP - 37 EP - 53 VL - 29 IS - 1 SN - 0531-5565, 0531-5565 KW - c-fos KW - DNA, Complementary KW - 0 KW - Glycoproteins KW - RNA, Messenger KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins KW - Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases KW - Collagenases KW - EC 3.4.24.- KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate KW - NI40JAQ945 KW - Index Medicus KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins -- biosynthesis KW - DNA, Complementary -- genetics KW - Glycoproteins -- biosynthesis KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - RNA, Messenger -- biosynthesis KW - Promoter Regions, Genetic KW - Enzyme Induction -- drug effects KW - Transfection KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Cell Aging KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Adult KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate -- pharmacology KW - Adolescent KW - Female KW - Male KW - Collagenases -- genetics KW - Fibroblasts -- drug effects KW - Aging -- metabolism KW - Fibroblasts -- enzymology KW - Transcription, Genetic -- drug effects KW - Skin -- enzymology KW - Skin -- cytology KW - Collagenases -- biosynthesis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76489092?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Experimental+gerontology&rft.atitle=Altered+transcriptional+regulation+of+human+interstitial+collagenase+in+cultured+skin+fibroblasts+from+older+donors.&rft.au=Burke%2C+E+M%3BHorton%2C+W+E%3BPearson%2C+J+D%3BCrow%2C+M+T%3BMartin%2C+G+R&rft.aulast=Burke&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=37&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Experimental+gerontology&rft.issn=05315565&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-06-23 N1 - Date created - 1994-06-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Gene symbol - c-fos N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Statistical models for genetic susceptibility in toxicological and epidemiological investigations. AN - 76486369; 8187729 AB - Models are presented for use in assessing genetic susceptibility to cancer (or other diseases) with animal or human data. Observations are assumed to be in the form of proportions, hence a binomial sampling distribution is considered. Generalized linear models are employed to model the response as a function of the genetic component; these include logistic and complementary log forms. Susceptibility is measured via odds ratios of response, relative to a background genetic group. Significance tests and confidence intervals for these odds ratios are based on maximum likelihood estimates of the regression parameters. Additional consideration is given to the problem of gene-environment interactions and to testing whether certain genetic identifiers/categories may be collapsed into a smaller set of categories. The collapsibility hypothesis provides an example of a mechanistic context wherein nonhierarchical models for the linear predictor can sometimes make sense. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Piegorsch, W W AD - Statistics and Biomathematics Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709. Y1 - 1994/01// PY - 1994 DA - January 1994 SP - 77 EP - 82 VL - 102 Suppl 1 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Prospective Studies KW - Logistic Models KW - Humans KW - Linear Models KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Mutagenicity Tests KW - Models, Statistical UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76486369?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Statistical+models+for+genetic+susceptibility+in+toxicological+and+epidemiological+investigations.&rft.au=Piegorsch%2C+W+W&rft.aulast=Piegorsch&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=102+Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=77&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-06-23 N1 - Date created - 1994-06-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Behaviour. 1966;27(1):107-49 [4957207] Biometrics. 1950 Jun;6(2):105-16 [15420239] Biometrics. 1981 Dec;37(4):775-94 [7337795] Carcinogenesis. 1984 Sep;5(9):1191-2 [6467507] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1985 Nov;75(5):971-4 [3863994] Nature. 1985 Nov 28-Dec 4;318(6044):377-80 [2999610] Science. 1987 Jan 16;235(4786):305-11 [3541204] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1987 Dec;79(6):1351-7 [2891865] Hum Genet. 1988 Apr;78(4):299-312 [2896152] Am J Epidemiol. 1989 Jan;129(1):183-90 [2910059] Cancer Res. 1989 Apr 15;49(8):2141-6 [2649235] Biometrics. 1989 Mar;45(1):219-30 [2720052] Cancer Res. 1989 Jul 1;49(13):3675-9 [2731181] Arch Toxicol Suppl. 1989;13:66-82 [2673152] Mutat Res. 1989 Oct;224(2):247-52 [2477699] Cancer Res. 1990 Mar 15;50(6):1857-62 [2407346] Biometrics. 1990 Jun;46(2):309-16 [2364123] Genet Epidemiol. 1990;7(3):177-85 [2369997] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1990 Aug 1;82(15):1264-72 [2374176] Int J Cancer. 1990 Sep 15;46(3):411-5 [1975565] Birth Defects Orig Artic Ser. 1990;26(1):113-27 [2224074] Mutat Res. 1991 Apr;247(2):199-202 [2011137] Biometrics. 1990 Dec;46(4):1035-46 [2085624] Cancer Cells. 1991 Mar;3(3):93-6 [2054261] J Obstet Gynaecol Br Commonw. 1969 Sep;76(9):806-8 [5387848] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biostatistical issues in the design and analysis of animal carcinogenicity experiments. AN - 76479344; 8187725 AB - Two-year animal carcinogenicity experiments are used to evaluate the potential carcinogenicity from exposure to chemicals. The choice of exposure levels, the allocation of animals to doses, the length of exposure, and the choice of interim sacrifice times all affect the power of statistical tests for carcinogenic effects and the variance of interpolated estimates of carcinogenic risk. In this paper, one aspect of this problems is considered: the ability of tumor incidence data to provide information on carcinogenic mechanism and the optimal choice of design parameters with which to achieve this purpose. The direct application of biochemical data to the estimation of carcinogenic risk is also discussed in detail. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Portier, C J AD - National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709. Y1 - 1994/01// PY - 1994 DA - January 1994 SP - 5 EP - 8 VL - 102 Suppl 1 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Index Medicus KW - Neoplasms, Experimental -- epidemiology KW - Animals KW - Biometry KW - Neoplasms, Experimental -- chemically induced KW - Risk Factors KW - Incidence KW - Rodentia KW - Time Factors KW - Models, Biological KW - Research Design -- statistics & numerical data KW - Carcinogenicity Tests -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76479344?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Biostatistical+issues+in+the+design+and+analysis+of+animal+carcinogenicity+experiments.&rft.au=Portier%2C+C+J&rft.aulast=Portier&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=102+Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=5&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-06-23 N1 - Date created - 1994-06-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Risk Anal. 1991 Sep;11(3):535-43 [1947359] Math Biosci. 1991 Jul;105(2):139-66 [1806098] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1981 Jun;66(6):1037-52 [6941039] Environ Health Perspect. 1983 Apr;50:285-91 [6873019] Carcinogenesis. 1984 Apr;5(4):437-45 [6705147] Risk Anal. 1987 Mar;7(1):109-19 [3615992] Science. 1990 Aug 31;249(4972):1007-11 [2204108] Risk Anal. 1988 Jun;8(2):215-21 [3413309] J Toxicol Environ Health. 1989;27(1):21-45 [2724366] Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1989 Oct;13(3):533-44 [2612786] Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1990 Apr;14(3):444-60 [2340975] Carcinogenesis. 1990 Aug;11(8):1271-8 [2143703] Environ Health Perspect. 1987 Dec;76:65-70 [3447905] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Intrathoracic photodynamic therapy: a canine normal tissue tolerance study and early clinical experience. AN - 76473889; 8183046 AB - Surgery with intraoperative photodynamic therapy (PDT) has the potential to improve the treatment of pleural malignancies. Before embarking on such treatment in humans, however, thoracic tissue tolerance to PDT was studied. For each of three (1 week, 1 month, and 6 month) study end-points, one control (no Photofrin II [PII]) and four treated animals underwent thoracotomy 72 hours after I.V. injection (6 mg/kg) PII. Red light (630 nm) was delivered (5-40 J/cm2) to the pleural surface (1 cm diameter) of selected thoracic organs. No clinical differences were observed between PDT and control dogs. The control showed no histological changes; however, in the treated animals focal areas of coagulation necrosis were found at 1 week which progressed to fibrosis at 1 month. The extent and depth of injury was proportional to light dose. The lung was the most sensitive; the chest wall was the most resistant. Myocardium had superficial damage, whereas coronary arteries appeared normal. The results provide the basis for proceeding to phase I human trials in the evaluation of PDT as an intraoperative adjuvant treatment in the management of pleural malignancies. JF - Lasers in surgery and medicine AU - Tochner, Z A AU - Pass, H I AU - Smith, P D AU - DeLaney, T F AU - Sprague, M AU - DeLuca, A M AU - Harrington, F AU - Thomas, G F AU - Terrill, R AU - Bacher, J D AD - Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 118 EP - 123 VL - 14 IS - 2 SN - 0196-8092, 0196-8092 KW - Dihematoporphyrin Ether KW - 97067-70-4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Mesothelioma -- drug therapy KW - Animals KW - Combined Modality Therapy KW - Thoracotomy KW - Mesothelioma -- surgery KW - Intraoperative Care KW - Dogs KW - Male KW - Female KW - Dihematoporphyrin Ether -- therapeutic use KW - Hematoporphyrin Photoradiation KW - Dihematoporphyrin Ether -- adverse effects KW - Pleura -- surgery KW - Pleural Neoplasms -- drug therapy KW - Pleura -- pathology KW - Pleural Neoplasms -- surgery UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76473889?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lasers+in+surgery+and+medicine&rft.atitle=Intrathoracic+photodynamic+therapy%3A+a+canine+normal+tissue+tolerance+study+and+early+clinical+experience.&rft.au=Tochner%2C+Z+A%3BPass%2C+H+I%3BSmith%2C+P+D%3BDeLaney%2C+T+F%3BSprague%2C+M%3BDeLuca%2C+A+M%3BHarrington%2C+F%3BThomas%2C+G+F%3BTerrill%2C+R%3BBacher%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Tochner&rft.aufirst=Z&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=118&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Lasers+in+surgery+and+medicine&rft.issn=01968092&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-06-16 N1 - Date created - 1994-06-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prospects for the therapeutic use of antisense oligonucleotides in malignant lymphomas. AN - 76467094; 8172821 AB - Combinations of cytotoxic drugs, based almost entirely upon the results of empirical clinical trials, are the foundation of the modern management of the non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. While highly effective in the high-grade (particularly pediatric) lymphomas, and able to cure a significant fraction of intermediate-grade lymphomas, it has yet to be proven that patients with low-grade lymphomas can be cured by chemotherapy. Yet even if 100% of patients were potentially curable by chemotherapy, the significant medical cost with respect to both immediate and late toxicity is reason enough to search for radically different approaches to therapy. Of particular appeal is the possibility that therapy might be developed that is targeted to the very genetic lesions that are responsible for the pathogenesis of lymphomas. Such therapy should, by definition, be largely specific for the lymphoma cells, and hence devoid of the major side effects presently encountered. Recent advances in the understanding of the molecular basis of lymphomagenesis have provided sufficient information to begin to develop approaches of this kind. Here, I discuss the prospects for sequence-specific therapy, focusing specifically on antisense oligonucleotides. These short stretches of DNA bind specifically to RNA molecules and prevent their translation. If the targeted RNA molecules are specific to the tumor cells, or derived from pathogenetically relevant viral genomes, such therapy has at least the theoretical possibility of inhibiting tumor cell growth, or even killing tumor cells, without causing significant damage to normal cells. JF - Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology AU - Magrath, I T AD - National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 67 EP - 70 VL - 5 Suppl 1 SN - 0923-7534, 0923-7534 KW - Oligonucleotides, Antisense KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Oligonucleotides, Antisense -- therapeutic use KW - Lymphoma -- drug therapy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76467094?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+oncology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+European+Society+for+Medical+Oncology&rft.atitle=Prospects+for+the+therapeutic+use+of+antisense+oligonucleotides+in+malignant+lymphomas.&rft.au=Magrath%2C+I+T&rft.aulast=Magrath&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=5+Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=67&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+oncology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+European+Society+for+Medical+Oncology&rft.issn=09237534&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-06-09 N1 - Date created - 1994-06-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Basal ganglia iron in tardive dyskinesia: an MRI study. AN - 76461629; 8167198 AB - Alterations in brain iron could play an important role in the development of tardive dyskinesia in patients receiving neuroleptic medication. To test this hypothesis, magnetic resonance imaging scans of the brain were performed on 21 chronic schizophrenic patients. Ten patients met research diagnostic criteria for persistent tardive dyskinesia, and 11 were free of tardive dyskinesia. All patients had received long-term neuroleptic treatment and were on a stable neuroleptic dose for at least 3 months before scanning. The signal intensity of basal ganglia structures was obtained as a quantitative estimate of brain iron content. No difference was found in the signal intensity ratios between the two groups. This suggests that iron deposition in the basal ganglia, at least as assessed by this measure, does not play a role in the pathophysiology of tardive dyskinesia. JF - Biological psychiatry AU - Elkashef, A M AU - Egan, M F AU - Frank, J A AU - Hyde, T M AU - Lewis, B K AU - Wyatt, R J AD - Neuropsychiatry Branch, NIMH, St. Elizabeths Hospital, Washington, DC 20032. Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 16 EP - 21 VL - 35 IS - 1 SN - 0006-3223, 0006-3223 KW - Iron KW - E1UOL152H7 KW - Haloperidol KW - J6292F8L3D KW - Molindone KW - RT3Y3QMF8N KW - Index Medicus KW - Haloperidol -- adverse effects KW - Haloperidol -- therapeutic use KW - Dominance, Cerebral -- physiology KW - Dominance, Cerebral -- drug effects KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Schizophrenic Psychology KW - Schizophrenia -- drug therapy KW - Middle Aged KW - Molindone -- therapeutic use KW - Molindone -- adverse effects KW - Male KW - Female KW - Magnetic Resonance Imaging KW - Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced -- metabolism KW - Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced -- diagnosis KW - Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced -- etiology KW - Iron -- metabolism KW - Basal Ganglia -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76461629?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biological+psychiatry&rft.atitle=Basal+ganglia+iron+in+tardive+dyskinesia%3A+an+MRI+study.&rft.au=Elkashef%2C+A+M%3BEgan%2C+M+F%3BFrank%2C+J+A%3BHyde%2C+T+M%3BLewis%2C+B+K%3BWyatt%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Elkashef&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1436&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+neurochemistry&rft.issn=00223042&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-06-02 N1 - Date created - 1994-06-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Biol Psychiatry. 1995 Jul 15;38(2):133-5 [7578650] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Human germ cell mutagens. AN - 76448352; 8162905 AB - Human genetic disorders constitute a major public health burden in this country and around the world. The possibility that exposures to mutagenic environmental agents may result in induced genetic damage in human germ cells and thereby increase the incidence of genetic disease has been investigated in research laboratories and in epidemiology studies for decades. The capacity of ionizing radiation and some chemicals to induce transmissible genetic damage in the germ cells of laboratory mammals has been clearly demonstrated and extensively investigated. To date, no clear evidence of such effects in humans has been reported although increased frequencies of chromosomal aberrations have been detected in human sperm following exposures to radiation or chemotherapeutic agents. Evolving methods to detect molecular changes in DNA offer to improve our abilities to detect induced genetic changes. The integration of these methods into mutation epidemiology studies promises to help resolve some of the questions regarding human genetic risk. JF - Environmental and molecular mutagenesis AU - Shelby, M D AD - National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 30 EP - 34 VL - 23 Suppl 24 SN - 0893-6692, 0893-6692 KW - Antineoplastic Agents KW - 0 KW - Mutagens KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Molecular Epidemiology KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - DNA Mutational Analysis KW - Chromosome Aberrations KW - Antineoplastic Agents -- toxicity KW - Mice KW - Male KW - Female KW - Mutagens -- toxicity KW - Germ Cells -- drug effects KW - Germ-Line Mutation KW - Germ Cells -- radiation effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76448352?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Human+germ+cell+mutagens.&rft.au=Shelby%2C+M+D&rft.aulast=Shelby&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=23+Suppl+24&rft.issue=&rft.spage=30&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.issn=08936692&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-05-23 N1 - Date created - 1994-05-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Poultry oncogenic retroviruses and humans. AN - 76447451; 8162609 AB - Viruses of the avian leukosis/sarcoma group (ALSV) and reticuloendotheliosis viruses (REV) are highly prevalent in chickens and turkeys and naturally cause tumors in them. Commercial chickens are positive for antibodies, and a proportion actually carry infectious virus. Virus may be present in chicken products and in eggs, thus human exposure is virtually universal. The viruses show little potential for producing infectious viral particles in mammalian cells; nevertheless, they have the capacity to infect and transform mammalian cells (including human cells) in vitro, and to induce tumors in a variety of mammals, including primates. Most, but not all, of the serological studies in humans have been negative. Given the known behavior of these viruses in mammals, this was not unexpected. Moreover, there were methodological problems with most of the studies. There is some epidemiological evidence associating putative poultry exposure with cancer in humans. However, this has not been rigorously investigated. This paper is a comprehensive review of the extent of the carcinogenic potential these viruses show for humans. It is concluded, virological evidence indicates, that these viruses could conceivably have a carcinogenic potential for humans, but if so, at a level much less than in chickens. Whether this is insignificant, or translates to a real risk, is not known at the moment. Therefore, there is a need for definitive studies to completely rule out this possibility. JF - Cancer detection and prevention AU - Johnson, E S AD - Environmental and Molecular Epidemiology Section, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 9 EP - 30 VL - 18 IS - 1 SN - 0361-090X, 0361-090X KW - Antibodies, Viral KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Antibodies, Viral -- blood KW - Animals KW - Oncogenes KW - Humans KW - Cell Transformation, Viral KW - Alpharetrovirus -- pathogenicity KW - Reticuloendotheliosis virus -- pathogenicity KW - Reticuloendotheliosis virus -- isolation & purification KW - Alpharetrovirus -- isolation & purification KW - Alpharetrovirus -- immunology KW - Neoplasms -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76447451?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+detection+and+prevention&rft.atitle=Poultry+oncogenic+retroviruses+and+humans.&rft.au=Johnson%2C+E+S&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=9&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+detection+and+prevention&rft.issn=0361090X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-05-23 N1 - Date created - 1994-05-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxicity of diethanolamine. 1. Drinking water and topical application exposures in F344 rats. AN - 76446905; 8157863 AB - Toxicology studies of diethanolamine were conducted in male and female F344 rats for 13 weeks' duration to characterize and compare effects of exposure in the drinking water with those caused by topical application. Doses of diethanolamine ranged from 160 to 5000 ppm in the drinking water study (equivalent to daily doses of 25-440 mg kg-1 in males and 15-240 mg kg-1 in females) and from 32 to 500 mg kg-1 in the topical application study. Dose-dependent toxic effects due to exposure to diethanolamine included hematological changes (a poorly regenerative, microcytic anemia), as well as toxic responses in the kidney (increased weight, tubular necrosis, decreased renal function, and/or tubular mineralization), brain and spinal cord (demyelination), testis (degeneration of the seminiferous tubules) and skin (site of application: ulceration, inflammation, hyperkeratosis and acanthosis). A no-observed-adverse-effect level was not achieved for hematological changes, nephropathy or hyperkeratosis of the skin. Differences in dose-response between the drinking water and topical application exposures were attributed largely to the limited dermal absorption of this chemical. JF - Journal of applied toxicology : JAT AU - Melnick, R L AU - Mahler, J AU - Bucher, J R AU - Thompson, M AU - Hejtmancik, M AU - Ryan, M J AU - Mezza, L E AD - National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709. PY - 1994 SP - 1 EP - 9 VL - 14 IS - 1 SN - 0260-437X, 0260-437X KW - Ethanolamines KW - 0 KW - diethanolamine KW - AZE05TDV2V KW - Index Medicus KW - Administration, Oral KW - Weight Gain -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Water Supply KW - Rats KW - Hematologic Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Drinking -- drug effects KW - Hematologic Diseases -- blood KW - Administration, Topical KW - Blood Cell Count -- drug effects KW - Female KW - Male KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Ethanolamines -- administration & dosage KW - Ethanolamines -- toxicity KW - Ethanolamines -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76446905?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+applied+toxicology+%3A+JAT&rft.atitle=Toxicity+of+diethanolamine.+1.+Drinking+water+and+topical+application+exposures+in+F344+rats.&rft.au=Melnick%2C+R+L%3BMahler%2C+J%3BBucher%2C+J+R%3BThompson%2C+M%3BHejtmancik%2C+M%3BRyan%2C+M+J%3BMezza%2C+L+E&rft.aulast=Melnick&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+applied+toxicology+%3A+JAT&rft.issn=0260437X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-05-19 N1 - Date created - 1994-05-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Looking backward on a century of mutation research. AN - 76446891; 8162900 AB - Our understanding of the mutation process and how it impacts target populations has deepened steadily during the hundred years since 1919. Recent advances in engineering genetically determined social traits points towards the logical culmination of this knowledge. JF - Environmental and molecular mutagenesis AU - Drake, J W AD - Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709-2233. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 11 EP - 14 VL - 23 Suppl 24 SN - 0893-6692, 0893-6692 KW - Index Medicus KW - History of medicine KW - Religion and Science KW - Molecular Biology -- history KW - History, 20th Century KW - Genetic Engineering -- history KW - Wit and Humor as Topic KW - Mutagenesis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76446891?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Looking+backward+on+a+century+of+mutation+research.&rft.au=Drake%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Drake&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=23+Suppl+24&rft.issue=&rft.spage=11&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.issn=08936692&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-05-23 N1 - Date created - 1994-05-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Promising new developments in the systemic treatment of ovarian cancer. AN - 76443950; 7513218 AB - Advanced-stage cancer of the ovary is the most lethal of gynecologic malignancies, affecting African-American and white women with approximately equal frequency. In large part, ovarian cancer's lethality is due to the fact that most women are diagnosed with disease that is widespread throughout the abdomen and pelvis. This article reviews recent developments in the identification of new treatment approaches to ovarian cancer. Discussion focuses on current drug development activities of the Medical Ovarian Cancer Section of the National Cancer Institute, with reference to pertinent literature from other institutions. The drugs discussed are in clinical trials as of this writing. They include paclitaxel, an agent with a novel molecular mechanism of action; colony-stimulating factors, which enhance the therapeutic index of cytotoxic agents; and the antiproliferative agents suramin and carboxyamidotriazole. JF - Journal of the Association for Academic Minority Physicians : the official publication of the Association for Academic Minority Physicians AU - Reed, E AD - Medical Ovarian Cancer Section, Medicine Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 16 EP - 21 VL - 5 IS - 1 SN - 1048-9886, 1048-9886 KW - Antineoplastic Agents KW - 0 KW - Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor KW - 143011-72-7 KW - Suramin KW - 6032D45BEM KW - Paclitaxel KW - P88XT4IS4D KW - Index Medicus KW - Neoplasm Staging KW - Combined Modality Therapy KW - Humans KW - Clinical Trials as Topic KW - Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor -- adverse effects KW - Paclitaxel -- therapeutic use KW - Suramin -- adverse effects KW - Paclitaxel -- adverse effects KW - Neoplasm Recurrence, Local -- drug therapy KW - Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor -- administration & dosage KW - Female KW - Suramin -- therapeutic use KW - Neoplasm Recurrence, Local -- pathology KW - Ovarian Neoplasms -- pathology KW - Antineoplastic Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Ovarian Neoplasms -- drug therapy KW - Antineoplastic Agents -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76443950?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=US+Fed+News+Service%2C+Including+US+State+News&rft.atitle=SENATE+PASSES+SENS.+CORNYN%2C+FEINSTEIN+RESOLUTION+TO+ESTABLISH+NATIONAL+DAY+OF+HUMAN+TRAFFICKING+AWARENESS&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2007-06-22&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=US+Fed+News+Service%2C+Including+US+State+News&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-05-27 N1 - Date created - 1994-05-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxicity of diethanolamine. 2. Drinking water and topical application exposures in B6C3F1 mice. AN - 76443794; 8157864 AB - Toxicology studies of diethanolamine were conducted in male and female B6C3F1 mice to characterize and compare effects of exposure in the drinking water with those caused by topical application and to compare responses in mice to those observed in rats. Each study consisted of five dose groups plus controls and the size of each group was 10 animals per sex. Doses of diethanolamine ranged from 630 to 10,000 ppm in the drinking water study (approximately equivalent to daily doses of 100-1700 mg kg-1 in males and 140-1100 mg kg-1 in females) and from 80 to 1250 mg kg-1 in the topical application study. Exposure to diethanolamine caused dose-dependent toxic effects in the liver (hepatocellular cytological alterations and necrosis), kidney (nephropathy and tubular epithelial necrosis in males), heart (cardiac myocyte degeneration) and skin (site of application: ulceration, inflammation, hyperkeratosis, and acanthosis). Cytological alterations in the liver consisted of multiple hepatocyte changes, including enlarged cells that were frequently multinucleated, increased nuclear pleomorphism, increased eosinophilia and disruption of hepatic cords. A no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) was not achieved for hepatocellular cytological alterations or for acanthosis in the skin. JF - Journal of applied toxicology : JAT AU - Melnick, R L AU - Mahler, J AU - Bucher, J R AU - Hejtmancik, M AU - Singer, A AU - Persing, R L AD - National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709. PY - 1994 SP - 11 EP - 19 VL - 14 IS - 1 SN - 0260-437X, 0260-437X KW - Ethanolamines KW - 0 KW - diethanolamine KW - AZE05TDV2V KW - Index Medicus KW - Administration, Oral KW - Weight Gain -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Liver -- pathology KW - Kidney -- pathology KW - Myocardium -- pathology KW - Water Supply KW - Mice KW - Mice, Inbred Strains KW - Drinking -- drug effects KW - Administration, Topical KW - Female KW - Male KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Ethanolamines -- administration & dosage KW - Ethanolamines -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76443794?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+applied+toxicology+%3A+JAT&rft.atitle=Toxicity+of+diethanolamine.+2.+Drinking+water+and+topical+application+exposures+in+B6C3F1+mice.&rft.au=Melnick%2C+R+L%3BMahler%2C+J%3BBucher%2C+J+R%3BHejtmancik%2C+M%3BSinger%2C+A%3BPersing%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Melnick&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=11&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+applied+toxicology+%3A+JAT&rft.issn=0260437X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-05-19 N1 - Date created - 1994-05-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The genetic modification of T cells for cancer therapy: an overview of laboratory and clinical trials. AN - 76442372; 8162605 AB - Immunotherapies using high doses of interleukin-2 and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) have been developed for the treatment of advanced cancer. Current efforts are aimed at enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of TIL through genetic modification. Initially, we demonstrated that retroviral-mediated gene transfer into TIL using a neomycin resistance marker gene was practical and safe for use in patient therapy. Because TIL have been shown to localize at tumor sites, we are now introducing the TNF gene into TIL in an attempt to increase the local concentrations of TNF in the tumor microenvironment without inducing systemic toxicity. Another gene being studied for insertion into TIL is a chimeric antibody/T-cell receptor gene. For many histologic types of cancer, it is relatively difficult to obtain specific TIL, but many monoclonal antibodies (mAb) exist that bind tumor-associated antigens. In order to combine the effector function of T cells with the antitumor specificity of antibodies, we have constructed chimeric receptor genes containing the variable region domains from mAb linked to T-cell signal-transducing chains. Human TIL retrovirally transduced with a chimeric receptor gene constructed from an anti-ovarian cancer antibody were redirected to recognize and lyse ovarian cancer cell lines specifically. This approach may allow adoptive immunotherapy against histologies not previously amenable to this treatment modality. JF - Cancer detection and prevention AU - Hwu, P AU - Rosenberg, S A AD - Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20852. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 43 EP - 50 VL - 18 IS - 1 SN - 0361-090X, 0361-090X KW - Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta KW - 0 KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha -- pharmacology KW - Transduction, Genetic KW - Clinical Trials as Topic KW - Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta -- genetics KW - Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating -- immunology KW - Immunotherapy, Adoptive KW - Genetic Therapy KW - Neoplasms -- therapy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76442372?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+detection+and+prevention&rft.atitle=The+genetic+modification+of+T+cells+for+cancer+therapy%3A+an+overview+of+laboratory+and+clinical+trials.&rft.au=Hwu%2C+P%3BRosenberg%2C+S+A&rft.aulast=Hwu&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=43&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+detection+and+prevention&rft.issn=0361090X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-05-23 N1 - Date created - 1994-05-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A polymorphic dinucleotide repeat in the third intron of TAP1. AN - 76432525; 8162046 JF - Human molecular genetics AU - Carrington, M AU - Dean, M AD - Biological Carcinogenesis and Development Program, PRI/DynCorp, National Cancer Institute-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, MD 21702. Y1 - 1994/01// PY - 1994 DA - January 1994 SP - 218 VL - 3 IS - 1 SN - 0964-6906, 0964-6906 KW - TAP1 KW - Antigen Peptide Transporter-1 KW - 0 KW - Carrier Proteins KW - DNA Primers KW - Oligodeoxyribonucleotides KW - TAP1 protein, human KW - Index Medicus KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Base Sequence KW - Humans KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Biological Transport KW - Chromosome Mapping KW - Polymorphism, Genetic KW - Carrier Proteins -- genetics KW - ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters KW - Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid KW - Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76432525?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+molecular+genetics&rft.atitle=A+polymorphic+dinucleotide+repeat+in+the+third+intron+of+TAP1.&rft.au=Carrington%2C+M%3BDean%2C+M&rft.aulast=Carrington&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=218&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Human+molecular+genetics&rft.issn=09646906&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-05-23 N1 - Date created - 1994-05-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Gene symbol - TAP1 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Removal of biological stains from aqueous solution using a flow-through decontamination procedure. AN - 76424202; 8148434 AB - Chromatography columns filled with Amberlite XAD-16 were used to decontaminate, using a continuous flow-through procedure, aqueous solutions of the following biological stains: acridine orange, alcian blue 8GX, alizarin red S, azure A, azure B, brilliant blue G, brilliant blue R, Congo red, cresyl violet acetate, crystal violet, eosin B, eosin Y, erythrosin B, ethidium bromide, Giemsa stain, Janus green B, methylene blue, neutral red, nigrosin, orcein, propidium iodide, rose Bengal, safranine O, toluidine blue O, and trypan blue. Adsorption was most efficient for stains of lower molecular weight (< 600). Adsorption of stain increased as the flow rate decreased; column diameter had little effect on adsorption. Adsorption of stain was greatest when finely ground resin was used, but if the resin particles were too small, column clogging occurred. Limited grinding of the resin gave increased adsorption while retaining good flow characteristics. Amberlite XAD-16 saturated with methylene blue was regenerated to its initial adsorption capacity by passing methanol through the column. The technique described provides an economical, rapid means of removing stains from aqueous solution. JF - Biotechnic & histochemistry : official publication of the Biological Stain Commission AU - Lunn, G AU - Klausmeyer, P J AU - Sansone, E B AD - Program Resources, Inc./DynCorp, Environmental Control and Research Program, NCI-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, Maryland 21702-1201. Y1 - 1994/01// PY - 1994 DA - January 1994 SP - 45 EP - 54 VL - 69 IS - 1 SN - 1052-0295, 1052-0295 KW - Coloring Agents KW - 0 KW - Ion Exchange Resins KW - Polymers KW - Resins, Plant KW - Solutions KW - Amberlite XAD-16 KW - 104219-63-8 KW - Methylene Blue KW - T42P99266K KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Mutagenicity Tests KW - Spectrometry, Fluorescence KW - Particle Size KW - Methylene Blue -- chemistry KW - In Vitro Techniques KW - Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet KW - Chromatography, Ion Exchange KW - Coloring Agents -- toxicity KW - Coloring Agents -- chemistry KW - Coloring Agents -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76424202?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnic+%26+histochemistry+%3A+official+publication+of+the+Biological+Stain+Commission&rft.atitle=Removal+of+biological+stains+from+aqueous+solution+using+a+flow-through+decontamination+procedure.&rft.au=Lunn%2C+G%3BKlausmeyer%2C+P+J%3BSansone%2C+E+B&rft.aulast=Lunn&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=45&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnic+%26+histochemistry+%3A+official+publication+of+the+Biological+Stain+Commission&rft.issn=10520295&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-05-09 N1 - Date created - 1994-05-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Suppression of in vivo clearance of N-nitrosodimethylamine in mice by cotreatment with ethanol. AN - 76423369; 8149888 AB - Oral cotreatment of mice with ethanol results in increased tumors in extrahepatic organs caused by some nitrosamines. This action, attributed in part to inhibition of hepatic first-pass carcinogen metabolism by ethanol, has possible relevance to the enhancing effect of alcoholic beverage consumption on human cancer risk. In this study, the effects of ethanol on clearance of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) were quantified in Swiss female and strain A male mice. In Swiss mice, a 1.6 g/kg ig ethanol dose preceding 1 or 5 mg/kg iv NDMA resulted in 20- to 30-fold increases in area-under-the-blood-concentration-vs.-time curves, mean residence times, and clearance half-times, and similar decreases in clearance. For a 0.5 mg/kg ig NDMA dose, the pharmacokinetic parameters were altered 30-fold and 450-fold by simultaneous ethanol doses of 0.08 and 0.8 g/kg, respectively. With 5 mg NDMA/kg ig, 0.4, 0.8, and 1.6 g/kg ethanol resulted in 6-, 10-, and 20-fold changes in clearance parameters. Comparison of the data with results obtained previously with patas monkeys indicated comparable effects of ethanol on tissue exposure to NDMA in the two species, confirming potential human applicability. In experiments with strain A mice, NDMA concentrations were also monitored in lung and liver. NDMA amounts in lung paralleled those in blood, and were more than sufficient to account for the previously reported increases in DNA adducts and tumors in lungs of similarly treated strain A mice. JF - Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals AU - Anderson, L M AU - Koseniauskas, R AU - Burak, E S AU - Logsdon, D L AU - Carter, J P AU - Driver, C L AU - Gombar, C T AU - Magee, P N AU - Harrington, G W AD - Laboratory of Comparative Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702. PY - 1994 SP - 43 EP - 49 VL - 22 IS - 1 SN - 0090-9556, 0090-9556 KW - Ethanol KW - 3K9958V90M KW - Dimethylnitrosamine KW - M43H21IO8R KW - Index Medicus KW - Mice, Inbred A KW - Animals KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Mice KW - Lung -- metabolism KW - Male KW - Female KW - Ethanol -- blood KW - Dimethylnitrosamine -- blood KW - Dimethylnitrosamine -- pharmacokinetics KW - Ethanol -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76423369?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Drug+metabolism+and+disposition%3A+the+biological+fate+of+chemicals&rft.atitle=Suppression+of+in+vivo+clearance+of+N-nitrosodimethylamine+in+mice+by+cotreatment+with+ethanol.&rft.au=Anderson%2C+L+M%3BKoseniauskas%2C+R%3BBurak%2C+E+S%3BLogsdon%2C+D+L%3BCarter%2C+J+P%3BDriver%2C+C+L%3BGombar%2C+C+T%3BMagee%2C+P+N%3BHarrington%2C+G+W&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=43&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Drug+metabolism+and+disposition%3A+the+biological+fate+of+chemicals&rft.issn=00909556&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-05-06 N1 - Date created - 1994-05-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genetic mechanisms of solid tumor oncogenesis. AN - 76413196; 8140969 AB - The study of the genetic alterations of tumor suppressor genes and protooncogenes in solid tumors has greatly increased our understanding of cancer biology. These findings have extended epidemiologic associations of carcinogens with certain tumors. Further analysis of patterns of genetic changes may implicate carcinogenic substances in cases where epidemiology has not been able to do so. Identification of germline mutations in p53, APC, and NF1 has provided improved diagnosis and presymptomatic screening in cancer kindreds. The identification of additional alterations in tumor suppressor genes may further improve the ability to predict inherent cancer risk. Screening strategies based on detection of genetic abnormalities of preinvasive cancerous lesions, such as mutant ras in colonic polyps, may improve early diagnosis. Finally, strategies to replace lost tumor suppressor function may provide a future therapeutic modality. JF - Advances in internal medicine AU - Kelley, M J AU - Johnson, B E AD - Navy Medical Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Naval Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 93 EP - 122 VL - 39 SN - 0065-2822, 0065-2822 KW - APC KW - DCC KW - MCC KW - NF1 KW - p53 KW - ras KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic KW - Genes, Tumor Suppressor KW - Proto-Oncogenes KW - Neoplasms -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76413196?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+internal+medicine&rft.atitle=Genetic+mechanisms+of+solid+tumor+oncogenesis.&rft.au=Kelley%2C+M+J%3BJohnson%2C+B+E&rft.aulast=Kelley&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=&rft.spage=93&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advances+in+internal+medicine&rft.issn=00652822&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-04-22 N1 - Date created - 1994-04-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Gene symbol - APC; DCC; MCC; NF1; p53; ras N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pharmacogenetic phenotyping and genotyping. Present status and future potential. AN - 76412104; 8137598 AB - Enzymes that metabolise foreign compounds exhibit a large degree of interindividual variability in their levels of expression. In a number of instances this variability can be accounted for by null or variant alleles resulting from mutations in genes encoding these enzymes. Human variability in drug metabolism can be determined by biochemical and pharmacological assays. In cases where a genetic change has been characterised, polymerase chain reaction techniques have been developed to diagnose metabolism deficiencies. Genetic differences in certain foreign compound metabolising enzymes such as glutathione S-transferase M1, N-acetyltransferase 2 and CYP2D6 have been shown to be associated with risk for developing environmentally and occupationally based diseases such as cancer. Drug therapy can also be compromised by the existence of genetic deficiencies in a number of enzymes, including CYP2D6. It is anticipated that determination of an individual's drug metabolism capabilities by use of phenotyping and genotyping tests will allow for more rational and safe drug administration protocols. JF - Clinical pharmacokinetics AU - Gonzalez, F J AU - Idle, J R AD - Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland. Y1 - 1994/01// PY - 1994 DA - January 1994 SP - 59 EP - 70 VL - 26 IS - 1 SN - 0312-5963, 0312-5963 KW - Enzymes KW - 0 KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System KW - 9035-51-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Phenotype KW - Genotype KW - Polymorphism, Genetic KW - Humans KW - Biotransformation -- genetics KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System -- genetics KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System -- physiology KW - Enzymes -- physiology KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System -- classification KW - Enzymes -- genetics KW - Enzymes -- classification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76412104?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+pharmacokinetics&rft.atitle=Pharmacogenetic+phenotyping+and+genotyping.+Present+status+and+future+potential.&rft.au=Gonzalez%2C+F+J%3BIdle%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Gonzalez&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=59&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+pharmacokinetics&rft.issn=03125963&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-04-26 N1 - Date created - 1994-04-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Translational maintenance of frame: mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with altered -1 ribosomal frameshifting efficiencies. AN - 76409165; 8138178 AB - A special site on the (+) strand of the L-A dsRNA virus induces about 2% of ribosomes translating the gag open reading frame to execute a -1 frameshift and thus produce the viral gag-pol fusion protein. Using constructs in which a -1 ribosomal frameshift at this site was necessary for expression of lacZ we isolated chromosomal mutants in which the efficiency of frameshifting was increased. These mutants comprise eight genes, named mof (maintenance of frame). The mof1-1, mof2-1, mof4-1, mof5-1 and mof6-1 strains cannot maintain M1 dsRNA at 30 degrees, but, paradoxically, do not lose L-A. The mof2-1, mof5-1 and mof6-1 strains are temperature sensitive for growth at 37 degrees, and all three show striking cell cycle phenotypes. The mof2-1 strains arrest with mother and daughter cells almost equal in size, mof5-1 arrests with multiple buds and mof6-1 arrests as single large unbudded cells. mof2-1 and mof5-1 strains are also Pet-. The mof mutations show differential effects on various frameshifting signals. JF - Genetics AU - Dinman, J D AU - Wickner, R B AD - Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892. Y1 - 1994/01// PY - 1994 DA - January 1994 SP - 75 EP - 86 VL - 136 IS - 1 SN - 0016-6731, 0016-6731 KW - gag KW - lacZ KW - mof KW - mof1-1 KW - mof2-1 KW - mof4-1 KW - mof5-1 KW - mof6-1 KW - RNA, Double-Stranded KW - 0 KW - beta-Galactosidase KW - EC 3.2.1.23 KW - Index Medicus KW - RNA, Double-Stranded -- genetics KW - Open Reading Frames KW - Escherichia coli -- genetics KW - RNA Viruses -- genetics KW - Plasmids KW - RNA, Double-Stranded -- metabolism KW - Mutagenesis KW - Genotype KW - Phenotype KW - Base Sequence KW - RNA Viruses -- metabolism KW - beta-Galactosidase -- metabolism KW - Meiosis KW - Genetic Complementation Test KW - beta-Galactosidase -- biosynthesis KW - Genes, gag KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- genetics KW - Frameshift Mutation KW - Ribosomes -- metabolism KW - Protein Biosynthesis KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- metabolism KW - Genes, Fungal UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76409165?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Genetics&rft.atitle=Translational+maintenance+of+frame%3A+mutants+of+Saccharomyces+cerevisiae+with+altered+-1+ribosomal+frameshifting+efficiencies.&rft.au=Dinman%2C+J+D%3BWickner%2C+R+B&rft.aulast=Dinman&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=968&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+cancer&rft.issn=00207136&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-04-25 N1 - Date created - 1994-04-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Gene symbol - gag; lacZ; mof; mof1-1; mof2-1; mof4-1; mof5-1; mof6-1 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Yeast. 1993 Mar;9(3):251-66 [8488726] J Virol. 1993 May;67(5):2764-71 [8474174] J Biol Chem. 1977 Dec 25;252(24):9010-7 [336627] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1978 Sep;75(9):4224-8 [360211] Genetics. 1980 Aug;95(4):855-79 [7009319] Genetics. 1981 Aug;98(4):691-711 [7037537] J Bacteriol. 1983 Jan;153(1):163-8 [6336730] Methods Enzymol. 1983;101:181-91 [6310321] Anal Biochem. 1983 Jul 1;132(1):6-13 [6312838] Mol Cell Biol. 1984 Apr;4(4):761-70 [6371496] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Apr;81(7):1991-5 [6326095] Mol Cell Biol. 1986 May;6(5):1552-61 [3537705] Mol Cell Biol. 1987 Jan;7(1):177-84 [3031456] J Virol. 1988 Apr;62(4):1278-85 [3279233] Mol Cell Biol. 1988 Feb;8(2):938-44 [3280972] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Jun;85(12):4411-5 [3288994] Cell. 1988 Nov 4;55(3):447-58 [2846182] Cell. 1988 Nov 18;55(4):663-71 [2460245] Yeast. 1988 Sep;4(3):159-78 [3059716] Cell. 1989 May 19;57(4):537-47 [2720781] Genetics. 1989 May;122(1):19-27 [2659436] J Biol Chem. 1989 Aug 15;264(23):13373-6 [2547758] Genetics. 1990 Mar;124(3):515-22 [2179051] Cell. 1990 Jul 27;62(2):339-52 [2164889] Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 1990;157:93-124 [2168307] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Nov;87(21):8360-4 [2172984] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Jan 1;88(1):174-8 [1986362] Methods Enzymol. 1991;194:273-81 [2005792] J Biol Chem. 1992 Feb 5;267(4):2708-13 [1733966] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Mar 15;89(6):2185-9 [1549580] Adv Virus Res. 1992;41:193-239 [1575083] Annu Rev Genet. 1991;25:201-28 [1812806] J Virol. 1992 Jun;66(6):3669-76 [1583726] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Sep 15;89(18):8636-40 [1528874] J Mol Biol. 1992 Sep 20;227(2):463-79 [1404364] Nature. 1992 Oct 22;359(6397):746-9 [1436038] Genetics. 1976 Mar 25;82(3):429-42 [773743] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ouabain enhances the mitogenic effect of serum in vascular smooth muscle cells. AN - 76404591; 8136113 AB - Recently ouabain has been shown to induce transcription of proto-oncogenes in different cell types. In the present study, we examined the effect of ouabain on the proliferation of cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Primary aortic VSMCs of spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats, and the rat VSMC cell line A10, were used. Different concentrations of ouabain (10(-9) to 10(-5) mol/L) were added to either quiescent or proliferating cells, and the cell number, the rate of thymidine incorporation into DNA, and the transcription of c-fos and c-myc were examined. The addition of ouabain to proliferating VSMC increased the rate of thymidine incorporation into DNA in a dose-dependent manner, and induced the transcription of the proto-oncogenes within 1 h. This latter response disappeared after 24 h. The number of cells significantly increased in response to low concentrations of ouabain (10(-8) to 10(-7) mol/L), but gradually decreased in response to higher concentrations of the agent, probably due to a toxic effect. Addition of ouabain to quiescent cells, in medium without serum, did not promote cell growth by any of the parameters examined. According to a current theory, endogenous digitalis-like substances possess natriuretic and hypertensive properties, and provide the link between an excessive intake of salt and high blood pressure. The mitogenic effect of ouabain on VSMCs may be a component of this hypertensive action. JF - American journal of hypertension AU - Golomb, E AU - Hill, M R AU - Brown, R G AU - Keiser, H R AD - Hypertension-Endocrine Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892. Y1 - 1994/01// PY - 1994 DA - January 1994 SP - 69 EP - 74 VL - 7 IS - 1 SN - 0895-7061, 0895-7061 KW - Culture Media, Serum-Free KW - 0 KW - Mitogens KW - Ouabain KW - 5ACL011P69 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Thymidine KW - VC2W18DGKR KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Transcription, Genetic -- drug effects KW - Rats, Inbred WKY KW - Rats, Inbred SHR KW - Cell Division -- drug effects KW - Cell Death -- drug effects KW - DNA -- biosynthesis KW - Thymidine -- metabolism KW - Rats KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Base Sequence KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Cell Line KW - Male KW - Proto-Oncogenes -- drug effects KW - Mitogens -- pharmacology KW - Muscle, Smooth, Vascular -- drug effects KW - Muscle, Smooth, Vascular -- cytology KW - Muscle, Smooth, Vascular -- metabolism KW - Ouabain -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76404591?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+hypertension&rft.atitle=Ouabain+enhances+the+mitogenic+effect+of+serum+in+vascular+smooth+muscle+cells.&rft.au=Golomb%2C+E%3BHill%2C+M+R%3BBrown%2C+R+G%3BKeiser%2C+H+R&rft.aulast=Golomb&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=69&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+hypertension&rft.issn=08957061&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-04-26 N1 - Date created - 1994-04-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A biological method for examining the effect of codon changes in a conserved region of DNA polymerase. AN - 76402824; 8136125 AB - The vaccinia virus genome encodes a DNA polymerase that is similar to other DNA polymerases. A mutation in the polymerase gene at a site that is adjacent to conserved residues allows viral replication in the presence of aphidicolin. Since wild-type virus is converted to aphidicolin-resistance by site-directed mutagenesis, it was feasible that active virus with substituted conserved residues could be detected by linking alterations to the aphidicolin-resistance mutation. Altered DNA, from a PCR, was introduced into virus by a marker transfer procedure. DNA from plaques of drug-resistant virus was amplified, and the product was sequenced to check for the conserved residue alteration. An alteration that introduced a Bg1I site was designed to facilitate the selection of drug-resistant virus containing substituted residues. One positive result was the replacement of two amino acids, tyrosine and alanine, by tryptophan and threonine. The failure to substitute aspartic acid for tyrosine indicates that drastic changes of the conserved sequence are not tolerated. Although the limitations associated with negative results apply, the method provides an in vivo assay for selecting a polymerase with conserved residue changes. JF - BioTechniques AU - DeFilippes, F M AD - Laboratory of Viral Diseases, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. Y1 - 1994/01// PY - 1994 DA - January 1994 SP - 122 EP - 127 VL - 16 IS - 1 SN - 0736-6205, 0736-6205 KW - Codon KW - 0 KW - Aphidicolin KW - 38966-21-1 KW - DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase KW - EC 2.7.7.7 KW - Index Medicus KW - Aphidicolin -- pharmacology KW - Base Sequence KW - Conserved Sequence KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Mutation KW - Structure-Activity Relationship KW - Vaccinia virus -- genetics KW - Vaccinia virus -- enzymology KW - DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase -- physiology KW - DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase -- genetics KW - DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76402824?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+immunology&rft.atitle=Residues+in+pockets+B+and+F+of+HLA-B27+are+critical+in+the+presentation+of+an+influenza+A+virus+nucleoprotein+peptide+and+influence+the+stability+of+peptide+-+MHC+complexes.&rft.au=Carreno%2C+B+M%3BWinter%2C+C+C%3BTaurog%2C+J+D%3BHansen%2C+T+H%3BBiddison%2C+W+E&rft.aulast=Carreno&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1993-04-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=353&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+immunology&rft.issn=09538178&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-04-28 N1 - Date created - 1994-04-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Disposition of heroin and its metabolites in heroin-related deaths. AN - 76397197; 8127080 AB - Although many deaths occur annually from heroin intoxication, the presence of heroin has not been reported in postmortem tissues. Recognizing heroin's susceptibility to rapid chemical and metabolic hydrolysis, extraction procedures were developed for the efficient recovery of heroin, 6-acetylmorphine, and morphine from postmortem tissue utilizing solid-phase extraction coupled with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. From heroin-related deaths, 21 sets of blood and urine specimens were collected. The mode of death in these cases was categorized as rapid, delayed, or undetermined. Compared with delayed deaths, rapid deaths were characterized by the following trends: higher mean concentrations of 6-acetylmorphine, free morphine, and total opiates in blood; a higher ratio of free morphine concentrations to total opiate concentrations in blood; lower mean concentrations of 6-acetylmorphine and morphine in urine; greater likelihood of 6-acetylmorphine detection in blood; and lesser likelihood of heroin detection in urine. The study also included analysis of multiple tissue specimens from two subjects who died of heroin intoxication. Heroin was identified in urine and injection-site tissue. Concentrations of 6-acetylmorphine in cerebrospinal fluid, spleen, and brain were substantially higher than in blood, liver, lung, and kidney. All specimens were positive for morphine. Heroin metabolites were detected in hair specimens. The identification of heroin and 6-acetylmorphine in biological tissues effectively established the presence of heroin in cases of acute narcotic intoxication. These studies demonstrated that measurement of heroin and its metabolites provides useful information for the differential diagnosis of heroin-related deaths. JF - Journal of analytical toxicology AU - Goldberger, B A AU - Cone, E J AU - Grant, T M AU - Caplan, Y H AU - Levine, B S AU - Smialek, J E AD - Addiction Research Center, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD 21224. PY - 1994 SP - 22 EP - 28 VL - 18 IS - 1 SN - 0146-4760, 0146-4760 KW - Morphine Derivatives KW - 0 KW - Heroin KW - 70D95007SX KW - Morphine KW - 76I7G6D29C KW - 6-O-monoacetylmorphine KW - M5E47P1ZCH KW - Index Medicus KW - Prospective Studies KW - Humans KW - Hair -- chemistry KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Morphine -- analysis KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry KW - Drug Overdose -- metabolism KW - Morphine Derivatives -- analysis KW - Heroin -- poisoning KW - Heroin -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76397197?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+analytical+toxicology&rft.atitle=Disposition+of+heroin+and+its+metabolites+in+heroin-related+deaths.&rft.au=Goldberger%2C+B+A%3BCone%2C+E+J%3BGrant%2C+T+M%3BCaplan%2C+Y+H%3BLevine%2C+B+S%3BSmialek%2C+J+E&rft.aulast=Goldberger&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=22&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+analytical+toxicology&rft.issn=01464760&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-04-12 N1 - Date created - 1994-04-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of human lymphocyte-engrafted SCID mice as a model for immunotoxicity assessment. AN - 76386358; 8125206 AB - Mice with the severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) and triple-deficient (bg/nu/xid) mutations lack select populations of functional immune cells. Studies by several laboratories have demonstrated the ability to restore certain missing immune components in these mice by reconstituting with various lymphoid tissues including peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from mice and humans. Such a model could provide an opportunity to examine human lymphoid cells in an in vivo environment for immunotoxicity assessment. In the present studies, bg/nu/xid and SCID mice were reconstituted by intraperitoneal or intravenous injection with either tetanus-immunized syngeneic mouse splenocytes (mo-SPL) or tetanus-immunized human PBLs (hu-PBL) under various test conditions. Hu-PBL-SCID mice from the C.B-17 strain produced more successful human engraftments than mice from the bg/nu/xid or C3H-SCID strains. Using optimal conditions, mo-SPL-SCID and hu-PBL-SCID mice were engrafted and administered either 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin or cyclosporin A (Cys A) and periodically bled to measure tetanus-specific antibody and class-specific immunoglobulin concentrations. Comparison of the chemical-related changes in immunoglobulin and tetanus antibody concentrations revealed some similarities between control mice and mo-SPL-SCID or hu-PBL-SCID mice, particularly with Cys A groups. However, under the various conditions examined, hu-PBL-SCID mice demonstrated considerable variability in their ability to provide consistent reconstitution, thus, limiting the ability to determine whether human cells are more or less susceptible than mouse cells to the test agents. Provided that this system can be refined to provide consistent reconstitution, hu-PBL-SCID mice may be a promising in vivo model for assessment of potential immunotoxic agents. JF - Fundamental and applied toxicology : official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Pollock, P L AU - Germolec, D R AU - Comment, C E AU - Rosenthal, G J AU - Luster, M I AD - Environmental Immunology and Neurobiology Section, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709. Y1 - 1994/01// PY - 1994 DA - January 1994 SP - 130 EP - 138 VL - 22 IS - 1 SN - 0272-0590, 0272-0590 KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins KW - 0 KW - Cyclosporine KW - 83HN0GTJ6D KW - Index Medicus KW - Mice, Inbred Strains KW - Animals KW - Spleen -- cytology KW - Lymphocyte Transfusion KW - Humans KW - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay KW - Mice KW - Mice, Inbred BALB C KW - Cell Transplantation KW - Male KW - Female KW - Antibody Formation -- drug effects KW - Lymphocytes -- immunology KW - Mice, SCID -- immunology KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins -- toxicity KW - Cyclosporine -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76386358?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fundamental+and+applied+toxicology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Development+of+human+lymphocyte-engrafted+SCID+mice+as+a+model+for+immunotoxicity+assessment.&rft.au=Pollock%2C+P+L%3BGermolec%2C+D+R%3BComment%2C+C+E%3BRosenthal%2C+G+J%3BLuster%2C+M+I&rft.aulast=Pollock&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=130&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fundamental+and+applied+toxicology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=02720590&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-04-14 N1 - Date created - 1994-04-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chemopreventive drug development: perspectives and progress. AN - 76380823; 8118391 AB - Chemoprevention drug development has the goal of identifying safe and effective chemopreventive agents for clinical use. Several distinctive strategies are pursued in developing chemopreventive agents: (a) identifying and validating predysplastic and early dysplastic lesions that can be used instead of cancers as endpoints for measuring chemopreventive activity; (b) identifying and testing candidate agents based on considerations of mechanisms of action; (c) evaluating combinations of agents with potential for maximizing efficacy and minimizing toxicity; and (d) applying a systematic methodology for identifying and ranking candidate agents at each stage of development to ensure discovery of the best agents and most effective use of available resources. This article discusses 22 drugs and three drug combinations which have reached an advanced stage of development as chemopreventive agents. The first generation of drugs are the most advanced, now being in Phase II and Phase III clinical trials. These drugs include several retinoids [vitamin A, 13-cis-retinoic acid, all-trans-N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide], calcium, beta-carotene, tamoxifen, and finasteride. The second generation drugs are those in Phase I clinical trials. From most to least advanced, these drugs are 2-difluoromethylornithine, sulindac, piroxicam, oltipraz, N-acetyl-I-cysteine, aspirin, ibuprofen, carbenoxolone, 18 beta-glycyrrhetinic acid, and the combination of 2-difluoromethylornithine with piroxicam. The third generation includes agents with significant evidence of chemopreventive activity in animal models. These agents are now in preclinical toxicity testing. They are S-allyl-I-cysteine, phenhexyl isothiocyanate, curcumin, ellagic acid, fumaric acid, fluasterone, and the combinations of all-trans-N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide with oltipraz and all-trans-N-(4-hydroxyphenyl) retinamide with tamoxifen. JF - Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology AU - Kelloff, G J AU - Boone, C W AU - Crowell, J A AU - Steele, V E AU - Lubet, R AU - Sigman, C C AD - Chemoprevention Investigational Studies Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892. PY - 1994 SP - 85 EP - 98 VL - 3 IS - 1 SN - 1055-9965, 1055-9965 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Clinical Trials as Topic KW - Forecasting KW - Research KW - Neoplasms, Experimental -- prevention & control KW - Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols -- therapeutic use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76380823?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+epidemiology%2C+biomarkers+%26+prevention+%3A+a+publication+of+the+American+Association+for+Cancer+Research%2C+cosponsored+by+the+American+Society+of+Preventive+Oncology&rft.atitle=Chemopreventive+drug+development%3A+perspectives+and+progress.&rft.au=Kelloff%2C+G+J%3BBoone%2C+C+W%3BCrowell%2C+J+A%3BSteele%2C+V+E%3BLubet%2C+R%3BSigman%2C+C+C&rft.aulast=Kelloff&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=85&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+epidemiology%2C+biomarkers+%26+prevention+%3A+a+publication+of+the+American+Association+for+Cancer+Research%2C+cosponsored+by+the+American+Society+of+Preventive+Oncology&rft.issn=10559965&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-04-04 N1 - Date created - 1994-04-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of three features of a job-exposure matrix on risk estimates. AN - 76377298; 8117771 AB - We tested the impact of three features of a job-exposure matrix on risk estimates in a case-control study that evaluated the association of methylene chloride and astrocytic brain cancer. These features were probability of use of the agent; the consideration of decade of predominant use of methylene chloride within each occupation; and the use of a more specific industrial-occupational coding system. We compared the risk estimates obtained with and without these features. The introduction of each feature had a striking effect on the estimate of relative risk. The odds ratio ranged from 1.47 with none of these features, to 2.47 with high probability of exposure within industry and occupation, to 4.15 with high probability of exposure and specific industrial-occupational coding, to 6.08 with the three features together. These results indicate that the degree of exposure misclassification can be reduced by the introduction of these features into the job-exposure matrix. JF - Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) AU - Dosemeci, M AU - Cocco, P AU - Gómez, M AU - Stewart, P A AU - Heineman, E F AD - Occupational Studies Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892. Y1 - 1994/01// PY - 1994 DA - January 1994 SP - 124 EP - 127 VL - 5 IS - 1 SN - 1044-3983, 1044-3983 KW - Methylene Chloride KW - 588X2YUY0A KW - Index Medicus KW - Probability KW - Odds Ratio KW - Epidemiologic Methods KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Astrocytoma -- epidemiology KW - Brain Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Methylene Chloride -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Astrocytoma -- chemically induced KW - Brain Neoplasms -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76377298?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Epidemiology+%28Cambridge%2C+Mass.%29&rft.atitle=Effects+of+three+features+of+a+job-exposure+matrix+on+risk+estimates.&rft.au=Dosemeci%2C+M%3BCocco%2C+P%3BG%C3%B3mez%2C+M%3BStewart%2C+P+A%3BHeineman%2C+E+F&rft.aulast=Dosemeci&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=124&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Epidemiology+%28Cambridge%2C+Mass.%29&rft.issn=10443983&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-04-07 N1 - Date created - 1994-04-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interictal autonomic nervous system function in patients with epilepsy. AN - 76360200; 8112246 AB - We studied 24 patients with partial seizures receiving carbamazepine (CBZ) monotherapy and 40 normal controls, 17 of whom were tested with and without CBZ therapy. Autonomic nervous system assessment included baseline heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP); BP and HR changes during orthostasis and cold pressor test (CPT); and HR changes during sinus arrhythmia, Valsalva maneuver, and cold face test with apnea (CFTA). Our study demonstrated normal interictal autonomic function in patients with epilepsy, but, variations in BP and HR during orthostasis and CPT were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in epilepsy patients than in controls with or without CBZ. Epilepsy patients had higher initial increases in BP and greater subsequent decreases in BP than did nonmedicated controls during CPT. Controls with CBZ had higher HR during orthostasis and CFTA than did those without CBZ. CBZ levels correlated with baseline and orthostatic BP and HR during deep breathing (sinus arrhythmia). Our results showed that patients with epilepsy have greater BP and HR variability and reactivity than controls, attributable in part to CBZ levels. JF - Epilepsia AU - Devinsky, O AU - Perrine, K AU - Theodore, W H AD - Clinical Epilepsy Section, NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland. PY - 1994 SP - 199 EP - 204 VL - 35 IS - 1 SN - 0013-9580, 0013-9580 KW - Carbamazepine KW - 33CM23913M KW - Index Medicus KW - Arrhythmia, Sinus -- etiology KW - Heart Rate -- drug effects KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Valsalva Maneuver KW - Middle Aged KW - Cold Temperature KW - Blood Pressure -- drug effects KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Female KW - Carbamazepine -- adverse effects KW - Autonomic Nervous System -- drug effects KW - Epilepsies, Partial -- drug therapy KW - Electroencephalography KW - Carbamazepine -- pharmacology KW - Autonomic Nervous System -- physiology KW - Carbamazepine -- therapeutic use KW - Epilepsies, Partial -- diagnosis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76360200?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Epilepsia&rft.atitle=Interictal+autonomic+nervous+system+function+in+patients+with+epilepsy.&rft.au=Devinsky%2C+O%3BPerrine%2C+K%3BTheodore%2C+W+H&rft.aulast=Devinsky&rft.aufirst=O&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=199&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Epilepsia&rft.issn=00139580&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-03-25 N1 - Date created - 1994-03-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Residual EDTA bound by lens crystallins accounts for their reported resistance to copper-catalyzed oxidative damage. AN - 76350032; 8311454 AB - It was recently reported that the structural proteins of the lens, the crystallins, possess unusual resistance to oxidative damage from a copper-catalyzed Fenton system. Data presented here demonstrate that this phenomenon is specific to copper-catalyzed systems and is not observed when iron is the metal catalyst. Further investigation has revealed that the apparent resistance to copper-catalyzed oxidation results from the presence of residual EDTA associated with the proteins. EDTA chelates the copper, inactivating it as a redox catalyst. This binding of EDTA to crystallins (or other proteins) occurs when the proteins present in EDTA-containing buffers are dialyzed directly against deionized water. Partial characterization of the association between EDTA and proteins is presented and its potential significance as a confounding factor in studies of the effects of metal-catalyzed oxidation on proteins is discussed. JF - Archives of biochemistry and biophysics AU - Cui, X L AU - Qin, C AU - Zigler, J S AD - Laboratory of Mechanisms of Ocular Diseases, National Eye Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892. Y1 - 1994/01// PY - 1994 DA - January 1994 SP - 207 EP - 213 VL - 308 IS - 1 SN - 0003-9861, 0003-9861 KW - Crystallins KW - 0 KW - Fenton's reagent KW - Serum Albumin, Bovine KW - Tissue Extracts KW - Copper KW - 789U1901C5 KW - Edetic Acid KW - 9G34HU7RV0 KW - Hydrogen Peroxide KW - BBX060AN9V KW - Iron KW - E1UOL152H7 KW - Alcohol Dehydrogenase KW - EC 1.1.1.1 KW - Copper Sulfate KW - LRX7AJ16DT KW - Index Medicus KW - Oxidation-Reduction KW - Alcohol Dehydrogenase -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Lens, Crystalline -- drug effects KW - Hydrogen Peroxide -- pharmacology KW - Serum Albumin, Bovine -- drug effects KW - Alcohol Dehydrogenase -- chemistry KW - Crystallins -- drug effects KW - Crystallins -- chemistry KW - Edetic Acid -- metabolism KW - Copper -- pharmacology KW - Copper -- toxicity KW - Crystallins -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76350032?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+biochemistry+and+biophysics&rft.atitle=Residual+EDTA+bound+by+lens+crystallins+accounts+for+their+reported+resistance+to+copper-catalyzed+oxidative+damage.&rft.au=Cui%2C+X+L%3BQin%2C+C%3BZigler%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Cui&rft.aufirst=X&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=308&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=207&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+biochemistry+and+biophysics&rft.issn=00039861&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-03-15 N1 - Date created - 1994-03-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Suicidality and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid concentration associated with a tryptophan hydroxylase polymorphism. AN - 76333390; 7506517 AB - To examine whether the tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) gene, which codes for the rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of serotonin, may be a factor influencing serotonin turnover and behaviors controlled by serotonin. Using a polymerase chain reaction-based method, TPH genotype was determined in DNA samples from 56 impulsive and 14 nonimpulsive, alcoholic, violent offenders and 20 healthy volunteers. In the behaviorally extreme impulsive group, we observed a significant association between TPH genotype and cerebrospinal fluid 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) concentration. No association of TPH genotype with impulsive behavior was detected. The polymorphism was also associated with a history of suicide attempts in all violent offenders, independent of impulsivity status and cerebrospinal fluid 5-HIAA concentration. In some individuals, a genetic variant of the TPH gene may influence 5-HIAA concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid and predisposition to suicidal behavior. JF - Archives of general psychiatry AU - Nielsen, D A AU - Goldman, D AU - Virkkunen, M AU - Tokola, R AU - Rawlings, R AU - Linnoila, M AD - Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Md. Y1 - 1994/01// PY - 1994 DA - January 1994 SP - 34 EP - 38 VL - 51 IS - 1 SN - 0003-990X, 0003-990X KW - Serotonin KW - 333DO1RDJY KW - Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid KW - 54-16-0 KW - Tryptophan Hydroxylase KW - EC 1.14.16.4 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders -- genetics KW - Serotonin -- physiology KW - Serotonin -- biosynthesis KW - Suicide, Attempted -- psychology KW - Polymorphism, Genetic KW - Humans KW - Alcoholism -- metabolism KW - Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders -- metabolism KW - Alcoholism -- genetics KW - Violence KW - Genotype KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders -- cerebrospinal fluid KW - Suicide, Attempted -- statistics & numerical data KW - Antisocial Personality Disorder -- cerebrospinal fluid KW - Adult KW - Alcoholism -- cerebrospinal fluid KW - Antisocial Personality Disorder -- genetics KW - Serotonin -- metabolism KW - Antisocial Personality Disorder -- metabolism KW - Male KW - Tryptophan Hydroxylase -- genetics KW - Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid -- cerebrospinal fluid KW - Suicide -- statistics & numerical data KW - Suicide -- psychology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76333390?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+general+psychiatry&rft.atitle=Suicidality+and+5-hydroxyindoleacetic+acid+concentration+associated+with+a+tryptophan+hydroxylase+polymorphism.&rft.au=Nielsen%2C+D+A%3BGoldman%2C+D%3BVirkkunen%2C+M%3BTokola%2C+R%3BRawlings%2C+R%3BLinnoila%2C+M&rft.aulast=Nielsen&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=34&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+general+psychiatry&rft.issn=0003990X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-02-07 N1 - Date created - 1994-02-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate stimulates human T-lymphocyte adherence to the fibronectin RGD domain and the laminin IKVAV domain. AN - 76333032; 8287495 AB - In order for T cells to exit the circulatory system, these cells must attach to extracellular matrix proteins. We have used 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) to study the ability of human T cells to adhere to fibronectin or laminin or to specific domains on these extracellular matrix proteins. Both primary human T-lymphocytes and a T-cell line (H-9) adhered and spread well on solid-phase fibronectin and laminin in the presence of TPA, with maximum activity at 3 hr of treatment. Furthermore, attachment of both cell populations to fibronectin was inhibited using a soluble RGD-containing synthetic peptide or by pretreating the fibronectin with antibodies that block the RGD domain. A synthetic peptide from the CSI alternatively spliced region of fibronectin did not inhibit attachment to fibronectin. The H-9 cells also attached to the laminin A chain IKVAV-containing synthetic peptide, but not to the laminin-derived YIGSR- or RGD-containing sequences. Immunoprecipitation of 32P-labeled H-9 cells with antibodies to the beta 1 integrin subunit demonstrated phosphorylation of an alpha integrin subunit after treatment with TPA. These data demonstrate that TPA activates T-cell adherence to laminin and to fibronectin via specific sites on each protein and that this adhesion may be associated with integrin phosphorylation. JF - Cellular immunology AU - Weeks, B S AU - Holloway, E AU - Klotman, P E AU - Akiyama, S K AU - Schnaper, H W AU - Kleinman, H K AD - Laboratory of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Dental Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892. Y1 - 1994/01// PY - 1994 DA - January 1994 SP - 94 EP - 104 VL - 153 IS - 1 SN - 0008-8749, 0008-8749 KW - Fibronectins KW - 0 KW - Integrins KW - Laminin KW - Oligopeptides KW - Peptides KW - arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid KW - 78VO7F77PN KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate KW - NI40JAQ945 KW - Index Medicus KW - Space life sciences KW - Extracellular Matrix -- metabolism KW - Phosphorylation KW - Humans KW - In Vitro Techniques KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Peptides -- metabolism KW - Peptides -- chemistry KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Protein Binding KW - Laminin -- chemistry KW - Fibronectins -- chemistry KW - T-Lymphocytes -- cytology KW - Laminin -- metabolism KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate -- pharmacology KW - Fibronectins -- metabolism KW - Cell Adhesion -- drug effects KW - Integrins -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76333032?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cellular+immunology&rft.atitle=12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol+13-acetate+stimulates+human+T-lymphocyte+adherence+to+the+fibronectin+RGD+domain+and+the+laminin+IKVAV+domain.&rft.au=Weeks%2C+B+S%3BHolloway%2C+E%3BKlotman%2C+P+E%3BAkiyama%2C+S+K%3BSchnaper%2C+H+W%3BKleinman%2C+H+K&rft.aulast=Weeks&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=100&rft.issue=&rft.spage=269&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-02-22 N1 - Date created - 1994-02-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alterations of tumor suppressor genes and allelic losses in human hepatocellular carcinomas in China. AN - 76326876; 7903205 AB - Aflatoxin B1 has been suggested as a causative agent for a G to T mutation at codon 249 in the p53 gene in human hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) from southern Africa and Qidong in China. The objective of the present work was to test the hypothesis that exposure to aflatoxin B1 either alone or coincident with other environmental carcinogens might be associated with allelic losses occurring during development of human hepatocarcinogenesis in China. The HCCs were obtained from two different areas in China: Qidong, where exposure to hepatitis B virus (HBV) and aflatoxin B1 is high; and Beijing, where exposure to HBV is high but that of aflatoxin B1 is low. We analyzed the tumors for mutations in the p53 gene and loss of heterozygosity for the p53, Rb, and APC genes and at marker loci on chromosomes 4, 13, and 16. Frequencies of mutation, loss, and aberration (mutation and loss) of the p53 gene in 25 HCCs from Qidong were 60, 58, and 80%, respectively. The frequencies in 9 HCCs from Beijing were 56, 57, and 78%. However, the frequency of a G to T transversion at codon 249 in HCCs from Qidong and Beijing were 52 and 0%, respectively. These data indicate that mutation and/or loss of heterozygosity in the p53 gene, independent of the 249 mutation, play a critical role in the development of hepatitis B virus-associated HCCs in China. Loss of the Rb and APC genes was observed in 44 and 7% of HCCs from Qidong, respectively. Allelic losses on chromosome 4 and especially on chromosome 16 were frequent in HCCs from Qidong but were not observed in HCCs from Beijing, while loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 13 occurred at similar frequency in both Qidong and Beijing. These results show a distinct difference in the pattern of allelic losses between HCCs in Qidong and Beijing and suggest that aflatoxin B1 and/or other environmental carcinogens may contribute to this difference. JF - Cancer research AU - Fujimoto, Y AU - Hampton, L L AU - Wirth, P J AU - Wang, N J AU - Xie, J P AU - Thorgeirsson, S S AD - Laboratory of Experimental Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892. Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 281 EP - 285 VL - 54 IS - 1 SN - 0008-5472, 0008-5472 KW - Codon KW - 0 KW - Hepatitis B Antigens KW - Index Medicus KW - Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16 KW - Base Sequence KW - Codon -- genetics KW - Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length KW - Humans KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Hepatitis B Antigens -- analysis KW - Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13 KW - Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4 KW - China KW - Carcinoma, Hepatocellular -- genetics KW - Genes, p53 -- genetics KW - Genes, Retinoblastoma -- genetics KW - Genes, APC -- genetics KW - Carcinoma, Hepatocellular -- immunology KW - Liver Neoplasms -- immunology KW - Liver Neoplasms -- genetics KW - Gene Deletion UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76326876?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+research&rft.atitle=Alterations+of+tumor+suppressor+genes+and+allelic+losses+in+human+hepatocellular+carcinomas+in+China.&rft.au=Fujimoto%2C+Y%3BHampton%2C+L+L%3BWirth%2C+P+J%3BWang%2C+N+J%3BXie%2C+J+P%3BThorgeirsson%2C+S+S&rft.aulast=Fujimoto&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=281&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+research&rft.issn=00085472&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-01-21 N1 - Date created - 1994-01-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Cancer Res. 1994 Sep 15;54(18):5022-3 [8069870] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Low incidence of point mutations detected in the p53 tumor suppressor gene from chemically induced rat renal mesenchymal tumors. AN - 76325338; 8261441 AB - Previous studies have shown renal mesenchymal tumors (RMTs) induced in rats by a single intrarenal injection of nickel subsulfide and iron are more pleomorphic and metastatically aggressive than RMTs induced by a single ip injection of methyl(methoxymethyl)nitrosamine (DMN-OMe). While both RMT types contain high levels of K-ras activation, the specific mutational spectra within codon 12 of K-ras are quite different. Nickel subsulfide and iron-induced tumors exhibited codon 12 GGT-->GTT transversions exclusively, while DMN-OMe RMTs showed a wide array of codon 12 mutations, as well as mutations within codons 61 and 63 [K. G. Higinbotham, J. M. Rice, B. A. Diwan, K. S. Kasprzak, C. D. Reed, and A. O. Perantoni, Cancer Res., 52: 4747-4751, 1992; K. G. Higinbotham, J. M. Rice, and A. O. Perantoni, Mol. Carcinog., 5: 136-139, 1992]. In an effort to further correlate carcinogen-specific molecular events in renal tumors, we investigated the p53 tumor suppressor gene in RMTs induced by these two carcinogens for the presence of point mutations. The evolutionarily conserved portion of the coding region of the gene, including part of exon 4 through exon 10, was surveyed for point mutations utilizing single-strand conformation polymorphism and chemical cleavage of mismatches analyses. None (0 of 10) of the nickel subsulfide and iron-induced RMTs and only 1 of 10 DMN-OMe-induced tumors that were evaluated contained point mutations within this portion of the p53 gene. Direct sequencing of the one single-strand conformation polymorphism and chemical cleavage of mismatches-"positive" DMN-OMe-induced RMT revealed a GCC-->GTC (Ala-->Val) transition in codon 345 within exon 10. These results suggest that the different tumorigenic phenotypes exhibited by these two RMTs are not the result of specific mutations or patterns of mutations within the portion of the p53 gene examined and that the mutated p53 tumorigenic pathway, whereby p53 plays a major role in many human neoplasms, does not function in RMTs induced by either agent. JF - Cancer research AU - Weghorst, C M AU - Dragnev, K H AU - Buzard, G S AU - Thorne, K L AU - Vandeborne, G F AU - Vincent, K A AU - Rice, J M AD - Laboratory of Comparative Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, Maryland 21702. Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 215 EP - 219 VL - 54 IS - 1 SN - 0008-5472, 0008-5472 KW - DNA Primers KW - 0 KW - nickel sulfate KW - 4FLT4T3WUN KW - methyl(acetoxymethyl)nitrosamine KW - 56856-83-8 KW - Nickel KW - 7OV03QG267 KW - Dimethylnitrosamine KW - M43H21IO8R KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Base Sequence KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Dimethylnitrosamine -- analogs & derivatives KW - Sequence Analysis, DNA KW - Male KW - Kidney Neoplasms -- genetics KW - Genes, p53 -- drug effects KW - Kidney Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Genes, p53 -- genetics KW - Point Mutation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76325338?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+research&rft.atitle=Low+incidence+of+point+mutations+detected+in+the+p53+tumor+suppressor+gene+from+chemically+induced+rat+renal+mesenchymal+tumors.&rft.au=Weghorst%2C+C+M%3BDragnev%2C+K+H%3BBuzard%2C+G+S%3BThorne%2C+K+L%3BVandeborne%2C+G+F%3BVincent%2C+K+A%3BRice%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Weghorst&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=215&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+research&rft.issn=00085472&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-01-21 N1 - Date created - 1994-01-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Site-directed mutagenesis of adeno-associated virus type 2 structural protein initiation codons: effects on regulation of synthesis and biological activity. AN - 76324661; 8254726 AB - It has been shown that two of the three adeno-associated virus type 2 capsid proteins, B and C, are synthesized from a single spliced transcript. Protein C arises from an AUG codon at nucleotide 2810, whereas protein B is initiated by a unique eucaryotic initiation codon (ACG) that lies 65 triplets upstream from the C origin. The third capsid component, protein A, is synthesized from a second spliced transcript which uses an alternative 3' acceptor site. In this study we used oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis to confirm the positions of the B initiation codon and the 3' acceptor sites for the alternatively spliced B/C and A protein messages. We also located definitively the protein A initiation codon, an AUG triplet mapping to nucleotide 2203. Mutagenesis of the B initiator permitted a direct test of the effect of increased B initiator strength on the translational efficiencies of the B and C proteins. It was found that conversion of the relatively inefficient protein B initiator (ACG) to an AUG enhanced the level of B synthesis while abolishing the synthesis of C from its downstream AUG initiator. Protein C synthesis thus depends on the strength of the B initiator, i.e., the relatively higher levels of C (approximately 20-fold greater than B) must result from frequent readthrough of the weak B initiator. Finally, we examined the abilities of mutants deficient in the synthesis of A, B, or C to produce infectious virions. We found that at least two of the structural proteins, B and C, are required for the production of infectious virions and that sequestration of single-stranded adeno-associated virus genomes from the pool of replicating DNA molecules does not occur in the absence of either of these proteins. JF - Journal of virology AU - Muralidhar, S AU - Becerra, S P AU - Rose, J A AD - Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland 20892. Y1 - 1994/01// PY - 1994 DA - January 1994 SP - 170 EP - 176 VL - 68 IS - 1 SN - 0022-538X, 0022-538X KW - Codon KW - 0 KW - Viral Structural Proteins KW - Index Medicus KW - Virulence KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Blotting, Northern KW - Peptide Chain Initiation, Translational -- genetics KW - Blotting, Southern KW - RNA Splicing KW - Humans KW - Cell Line, Transformed KW - Fluorescent Antibody Technique KW - Dependovirus -- pathogenicity KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Viral KW - Capsid -- genetics KW - Dependovirus -- genetics KW - Transcription, Genetic KW - Viral Structural Proteins -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76324661?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+virology&rft.atitle=Site-directed+mutagenesis+of+adeno-associated+virus+type+2+structural+protein+initiation+codons%3A+effects+on+regulation+of+synthesis+and+biological+activity.&rft.au=Muralidhar%2C+S%3BBecerra%2C+S+P%3BRose%2C+J+A&rft.aulast=Muralidhar&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=170&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+virology&rft.issn=0022538X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-01-13 N1 - Date created - 1994-01-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Biol Chem. 1987 Aug 25;262(24):11847-51 [3040720] Cell. 1988 Jan 29;52(2):185-95 [3277717] EMBO J. 1988 Jan;7(1):245-51 [2834203] J Virol. 1988 Jul;62(7):2508-11 [3373576] J Virol. 1988 Aug;62(8):2745-54 [2839699] J Virol. 1988 Sep;62(9):3356-63 [2841488] J Cell Biol. 1989 Feb;108(2):229-41 [2645293] Virology. 1989 Nov;173(1):120-8 [2554565] J Virol. 1984 Nov;52(2):591-7 [6092680] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Jan;82(2):488-92 [3881765] J Virol. 1985 May;54(2):630-3 [3989914] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Dec;82(23):7919-23 [2999784] J Virol. 1986 Sep;59(3):564-73 [2942705] Mol Cell Biol. 1985 Dec;5(12):3621-4 [3837850] Science. 1987 Feb 13;235(4790):766-71 [3544217] Virology. 1990 Dec;179(2):632-9 [2173256] Virology. 1991 Sep;184(1):310-8 [1651593] J Virol. 1971 Nov;8(5):766-70 [5132697] J Gen Virol. 1977 Jul;36(1):59-74 [886304] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979 Mar;76(3):1373-6 [286319] Cell. 1980 Nov;22(1 Pt 1):231-42 [6253077] J Virol. 1980 Oct;36(1):79-92 [6255215] J Virol. 1981 Oct;40(1):241-7 [6270377] Eur J Biochem. 1981 Dec;121(1):147-54 [6173214] J Virol. 1983 May;46(2):523-9 [6302317] Virology. 1983 Apr 30;126(2):505-16 [6305001] Gene. 1983 Jul;23(1):65-73 [6352411] J Virol. 1984 Aug;51(2):329-39 [6086948] J Virol. 1984 Sep;51(3):611-9 [6088786] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The RB gene locates on chromosome 15 at band 15q13 in the Syrian hamster. AN - 76323260; 8404065 AB - The retinoblastoma susceptibility gene, which encodes a nuclear phosphoprotein (Rb), plays an important role in cell-cycle progression in both normal development and tumorigenesis. Using a Syrian hamster cDNA probe homologous to the human retinoblastoma gene (RB), we have localized the gene to chromosome band 15q13 by conventional in situ hybridization. JF - Cytogenetics and cell genetics AU - Satoh, H AU - Ebert, R AU - Wiseman, R W AU - Barrett, J C AD - Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 127 EP - 129 VL - 65 IS - 1-2 SN - 0301-0171, 0301-0171 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - In Situ Hybridization KW - Base Sequence KW - Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Humans KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Mesocricetus KW - Cricetinae KW - Genes, Retinoblastoma KW - Chromosome Mapping UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76323260?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Carcinogenicity+of+1%2C3-butadiene.&rft.au=Melnick%2C+R+L%3BShackelford%2C+C+C%3BHuff%2C+J&rft.aulast=Melnick&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-04-01&rft.volume=100&rft.issue=&rft.spage=227&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-11-22 N1 - Date created - 1993-11-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Traditional Ideas, Economic Development and Nature: The Case of China T2 - International Sociological Association AN - 61737484; 94S28777 AB - In ancient China, many philosophers discussed the relationship between humans & nature. Today, the natural environment is recognized as the objective material base of human society's development. However, natural conditions are increasingly threatened in the People's Republic China. In recent years, industrial & rural economic development within the socialist market economy has brought serious environmental problems. It is concluded that, in present-day China, focus is on economic development, with nature viewed from an economic angle, & not in terms of quality of life. JF - International Sociological Association AU - Li, Guo Qing Y1 - 1994///0, PY - 1994 DA - 0, 1994 KW - environmental problems, People's Republic of China, economic development context KW - Peoples Republic of China KW - Natural Environment KW - Industrial Development KW - Economic Development KW - Environmental Protection KW - proceeding KW - 0715: social change and economic development; social change & economic development KW - 2656: environmental interactions; environmental interactions UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61737484?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=International+Sociological+Association&rft.atitle=Traditional+Ideas%2C+Economic+Development+and+Nature%3A+The+Case+of+China&rft.au=Li%2C+Guo+Qing&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=Guo&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Sociological+Association&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2009-03-10 N1 - Publication note - 1994 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Adenoviral vector-mediated gene transfer into sheep arteries using a double-balloon catheter AN - 19835758; 3649710 AB - The potential for catheter-based in vivo delivery of genetic material to the arterial wall is incompletely explored. We evaluated the level of recombinant protein production as well as the anatomic distribution and duration of gene expression following adenoviral vector-mediated gene transfer into sheep arteries via a double balloon catheter. Catheters were positioned in the carotid or femoral arteries of 20 sheep via a combined percutaneous and surgical approach, and virions infused over a 30-min period. Three days later, recombinant gene expression was identified in approximately 30% (range 0-80%) of the luminal endothelial cells within the targeted area of the artery. Persistent recombinant protein expression was identified histochemically for up to 4 weeks, although the number of positive cells decreased steadily. High levels of both beta -galactosidase ( beta -Gal) activity and protein (mean 20 mU and 44 ng per vessel) were measured in vessel extracts 3 days after gene transfer, again decreasing significantly over a 4-week period. Transgene expression was limited almost entirely to the intima and adventitia; adventitial gene transfer occurred virtually exclusively along the vasa vasorum. In comparison to previous studies of catheter-based gene transfer, adenoviral vectors delivered by double balloon catheter resulted in a particularly high efficiency of endothelial cell gene transfer. The efficiency and amount of recombinant gene expression achieved in this study suggest that catheter-based gene delivery may eventually be applicable to the treatment of focal human arterial disease. JF - Human Gene Therapy AU - Rome, J J AU - Shayani, V AU - Newman, K D AU - Farrell, S AU - Lee, Sung W AU - Virmani, R AU - Dichek, DA AD - Mol. Hematol. Branch, NHLBI, Build. 10 Rm. 7D-18, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1249 EP - 1258 VL - 5 IS - 10 SN - 1043-0342, 1043-0342 KW - double-balloon catheter KW - sheep KW - gene transfer KW - adenovirus KW - arteries KW - expression vectors KW - Human Genome Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W3 33180:Gene based (protocols, clinical trials, and animal models) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19835758?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+Gene+Therapy&rft.atitle=Adenoviral+vector-mediated+gene+transfer+into+sheep+arteries+using+a+double-balloon+catheter&rft.au=Rome%2C+J+J%3BShayani%2C+V%3BNewman%2C+K+D%3BFarrell%2C+S%3BLee%2C+Sung+W%3BVirmani%2C+R%3BDichek%2C+DA&rft.aulast=Rome&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1249&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Human+Gene+Therapy&rft.issn=10430342&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2010-08-19 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rapid protection against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication mediated by high efficiency non-retroviral delivery of genes interfering with HIV-1 tat and gag AN - 19818142; 3537115 AB - Efficient transduction of inhibitory genes is a critical requirement in the development of a gene therapy strategy against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Commonly used systems based on retrovirus-mediated gene delivery are characterized by low efficiency gene transfer into the target cell. Genes were transduced in the absence of cell selection into 60-90% of human CD4 super(+) cells by using a novel technique that allows high efficiency gene transfer mediated by adenoviruses coupled with DNA-polylysine complexes. Protection of these cells against HIV-1 acute infection was evaluated by transducing them with three different inhibitory genes which interfere with HIV-1 replication at separate levels (polymeric Tat activation response element [TAR] decoy, dominant-negative mutant of the gag gene and antisense sequences of the gag gene) and subsequent challenging with HIV-1. The polymeric TAR decoy inhibited HIV-1 replication over 95%. Both the dominant-negative mutant and the antisense sequence of the gag gene were less potent inhibitors than the polymeric-TAR decoy. Combinations of either polymeric-TAR with dominant-negative mutant or antisense of the gag gene synergistically enhanced the inhibitory effects of the single genes. These data suggest that the combination of a highly efficient transduction technique with effective HIV-1 inhibitory genes confers rapid protection against HIV-1 acute infection in vitro. JF - Gene Therapy AU - Lori, F AU - Lisziewicz, J AU - Smythe, J AU - Cara, A AU - Bunnag, T A AU - Curiel, D AU - Gallo, R C AD - Lab. Tumor Cell Biol., NCI/NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 27 EP - 31 VL - 1 IS - 1 SN - 0969-7128, 0969-7128 KW - human immunodeficiency virus 1 KW - replication KW - protection KW - mediation KW - gene transfer KW - adenovirus KW - gene therapy KW - man KW - lymphocytes T KW - in vitro KW - Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Human Genome Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - V 22002:AIDS: Molecular and in vitro aspects KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W3 33055:Genetic engineering (general) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19818142?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gene+Therapy&rft.atitle=Rapid+protection+against+human+immunodeficiency+virus+type+1+%28HIV-1%29+replication+mediated+by+high+efficiency+non-retroviral+delivery+of+genes+interfering+with+HIV-1+tat+and+gag&rft.au=Lori%2C+F%3BLisziewicz%2C+J%3BSmythe%2C+J%3BCara%2C+A%3BBunnag%2C+T+A%3BCuriel%2C+D%3BGallo%2C+R+C&rft.aulast=Lori&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=27&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Gene+Therapy&rft.issn=09697128&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2010-08-19 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phenotypic correction of Fanconi anemia in human hematopoietic cells in a recombinant adeno-associated virus vector AN - 17013444; 3845727 AB - Fanconi anemia (FA) is a recessive inherited disease characterized by defective DNA repair. FA cells are hypersensitive to DNA cross-linking agents that cause chromosomal instability and cell death. FA is manifested clinically by progressive pancytopenia, variable physical anomalies, and predisposition to malignancy. Four complementation groups have been identified, termed A, B, C, and D. The gene for the FA complementation group C, FACC, has been cloned. Expression of the FACC cDNA corrects the phenotypic defect of FA (C) cells, resulting in normalized cell growth in the presence of DNA cross-linking agents such as mitomycin C (MMC). Gene transfer of the FACC gene should provide a survival advantage to transduced hematopoietic cells, suggesting that FA might be an ideal candidate for gene therapy. We demonstrated efficient transduction, expression, and phenotypic correction in lymphoblastoid cell lines derived from FA (C) patients using a recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vector containing the FACC gene. Molecular characterization of the transduced FACC gene showed an intact unrearranged proviral genome with expression sufficient to normalize cell growth, cell cycle kinetics and chromosomal breakage in the presence of MMC. These observations were extended by testing rAAV transduction in hematopoietic progenitor cells. Peripheral blood CD34+ cells isolated from a FA (C) patient and transduced with rAAV/FACC virus yielded 5-10-fold more progenitor colonies than mock-infected cells, consistent with genetic "rescue" of corrected cells. This is the first demonstration of rAAV gene correction in primary human hematopoietic progenitor cells and has important implications for gene therapy of hematopoietic disorders, specifically FA. JF - Journal of Clinical Investigation AU - Walsh, CE AU - Nienhuis, A W AU - Samulski, R J AU - Brown, M G AU - Miller, J L AU - Young, N S AU - Liu, J M AD - Hematol. Branch, NHLBI, Natl. Inst. Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1440 EP - 1448 VL - 94 IS - 4 SN - 0021-9738, 0021-9738 KW - hematopoiesis KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts KW - gene therapy KW - Fanconi syndrome KW - transduction KW - adeno-associated virus KW - DNA repair KW - N 14671:Transduction KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W3 33180:Gene based (protocols, clinical trials, and animal models) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17013444?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Investigation&rft.atitle=Phenotypic+correction+of+Fanconi+anemia+in+human+hematopoietic+cells+in+a+recombinant+adeno-associated+virus+vector&rft.au=Walsh%2C+CE%3BNienhuis%2C+A+W%3BSamulski%2C+R+J%3BBrown%2C+M+G%3BMiller%2C+J+L%3BYoung%2C+N+S%3BLiu%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Walsh&rft.aufirst=CE&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1440&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Investigation&rft.issn=00219738&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - gene therapy; Fanconi syndrome; transduction; DNA repair; adeno-associated virus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Conformational mimicry of a chlamydial neutralization epitope on filamentous phage AN - 17000628; 3833758 AB - Conformational constraints were imposed on a peptide epitope from Chlamydia trachomatis to improve its ability to elicit antibodies that cross-react with native antigen. Appropriate constraints were discovered by a strategy that required no prior knowledge of the epitope's native conformation. First, we constructed a library of 3.2 x 10 super(5) peptides in which the epitope's contact residues were subject to random conformational constraints, each constrained peptide being fused genetically to the surface of a filamentous phage vector. Next, we selected phage displaying the most native-like peptides in the library by affinity purification with antibodies that bind the epitope only in its native conformation. Finally, we immunized mice with the selected phage and titered the resulting antisera against both whole cells and unconstrained peptide. The ratio of anti-cell titer to anti-peptide titer, which reflects the channeling of the antibody response to the native epitope, was up to five times higher for affinity-selected phage than for unselected peptide phage. In this case, therefore, "antigenic fitness," the ability of a peptide to bind antibodies specific for native epitope, correlated with "immunogenic fitness," its ability to elicit antibodies that are effective against the native antigen on an invading pathogen. If the correlation is general, surveying thousands or millions of peptides for antigenic fitness with phage display technology may be a simple but effective pre-screen for immunogenic fitness, which is costly to assess directly. JF - Journal of Biological Chemistry AU - Zhong, Guangming AU - Smith, G P AU - Berry, J AU - Brunham, R C AD - Lab. Immunol., NIAID/NIH, Bldg. 10, Rm. 11N311, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 24183 EP - 24188 VL - 269 IS - 39 SN - 0021-9258, 0021-9258 KW - filamentous phages KW - Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - epitopes KW - Chlamydia trachomatis KW - J 02832:Antigenic properties and virulence KW - F 06008:Bacteria UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17000628?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biological+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Conformational+mimicry+of+a+chlamydial+neutralization+epitope+on+filamentous+phage&rft.au=Zhong%2C+Guangming%3BSmith%2C+G+P%3BBerry%2C+J%3BBrunham%2C+R+C&rft.aulast=Zhong&rft.aufirst=Guangming&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=269&rft.issue=39&rft.spage=24183&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Biological+Chemistry&rft.issn=00219258&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chlamydia trachomatis; epitopes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enzymatic assay for quantification of deoxynucleoside triphosphates in human cells exposed to antiretroviral 2',3'-dideoxynucleosides AN - 16990383; 3827103 AB - Quantification of intracellular 2'-deoxynucleoside-5'-triphosphates (dNTPs) is of importance in studies of antiretroviral 2',3'-dideoxynucleoside analogs (ddNs) and a highly sensitive enzymatic assay for dNTPs has frequently been used for this purpose. However, the susceptibility of the assay to interference from the corresponding substrate analogs, ddNTPs, is still undefined. Ideally, DNA polymerases used in the assay should meet at least two criteria: (i) high fidelity to the template even in the presence of ddNTPs and (ii) low affinity for ddNTPs. None of the currently used exonuclease-free Klenow and Sequenase enzymes met both criteria. However, Sequenase had higher fidelity to the template than did the Klenow enzyme in the presence of pyrimidine-ddNTPs, and its reaction followed first order kinetics. We have, therefore relying primarily on Sequenase, designed a dNTP proportional reduction assay to correct the ddN-induced deviation in the enzymatic assay. With the use of high-fidelity exonuclease-free DNA polymerase and the application of correction factors, we now can accurately quantify dNTPs with a minimum detection limit as low as 0.1 pmol, using as few as 1 x 10 super(4) peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The method described should be useful in the study and development of antiretroviral ddNs. JF - Analytical Biochemistry AU - Gao, Wen-Yi AU - Johns, D G AU - Mitsuya, H AD - Exp. Retrovirol. Sect., Med. Branch, NCI, Bldg. 10, Rm. 5A24, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 116 EP - 122 VL - 222 IS - 1 SN - 0003-2697, 0003-2697 KW - deoxynucleoside triphosphates KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - antiviral agents KW - enzymes KW - assays KW - man KW - X 24222:Analytical procedures UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16990383?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Analytical+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Enzymatic+assay+for+quantification+of+deoxynucleoside+triphosphates+in+human+cells+exposed+to+antiretroviral+2%27%2C3%27-dideoxynucleosides&rft.au=Gao%2C+Wen-Yi%3BJohns%2C+D+G%3BMitsuya%2C+H&rft.aulast=Gao&rft.aufirst=Wen-Yi&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=222&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=116&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Analytical+Biochemistry&rft.issn=00032697&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - assays; antiviral agents; man; enzymes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Intracellular susceptibility to ribozymes in a tethered substrate-ribozyme provirus model is not predicted by secondary structures of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNAs in vitro AN - 16984641; 3830617 AB - We have assessed the sensitivity of different sites in HIV-1 genomic RNA to ribozymes. Ribozymes targeted to sequences in U5, Pol, Env, RRE, or R were positioned into nef of an infectious HIV-1 provirus. When these proviral DNAs were introduced into HeLa CD4 super(+) cells, recombinant viruses that contain ribozymes tethered to genomic RNA or viral mRNAs were produced. The growth kinetics of ribozyme-containing viruses in CD4 super(+) lymphocytes (MT4 cells) were distinctly delayed when compared to control viruses. On the basis of the ability of a particular ribozyme to inhibit virus replication, we inferred intracellular ribozyme-sensitive sites. We found that although ribozyme sensitivity in vitro could be correlated with predicted secondary structures of target RNAs, such in vivo correlations could not be made when using the HIV provirus model. We conclude that both Zuker algorithm computer modeling of substrate RNA secondary structures and in vivo cleavage efficiencies cannot be reliably used to determine HIV-1 ribozyme sensitive sites in vivo. JF - ANTISENSE RES. DEV. AU - Dropulic, B AU - Jeang, Kuan-Teh AD - Mol. Virol. Sect., Lab. Mol. Microbiol., NIAID/NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 217 EP - 221 VL - 4 IS - 3 SN - 1050-5261, 1050-5261 KW - nef gene KW - ribozymes KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts KW - proviruses KW - RNA KW - human immunodeficiency virus 1 KW - computer applications KW - man KW - N 14711:RNases KW - V 22002:AIDS: Molecular and in vitro aspects KW - W3 33385:DNA/RNA KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16984641?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ANTISENSE+RES.+DEV.&rft.atitle=Intracellular+susceptibility+to+ribozymes+in+a+tethered+substrate-ribozyme+provirus+model+is+not+predicted+by+secondary+structures+of+human+immunodeficiency+virus+type+1+RNAs+in+vitro&rft.au=Dropulic%2C+B%3BJeang%2C+Kuan-Teh&rft.aulast=Dropulic&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=217&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=ANTISENSE+RES.+DEV.&rft.issn=10505261&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - proviruses; RNA; computer applications; man; human immunodeficiency virus 1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biological potential of basophilic hepatocellular foci and hepatic adenoma induced by the peroxisome proliferator, Wy-14,643 AN - 16979857; 3814312 AB - The biological potential of hepatic foci and tumors induced by peroxisome proliferators such as Wy-14,643 has been poorly characterized. In this study, male F-344 rats (n = 20/group/time point) were fed Wy-14,643 (0.1%) for 22, 37 or 52 weeks ('W-22, 'W-37' or 'W-52' respectively). At each time point some rats were killed and additional Wy-14,643-fed rats were switched to basal diet (Wy-14,643/'stopped') for up to 104 weeks (referred to as 'W-22/S', 'W-37/S' and 'W-52/S'). Homogeneous basophilic foci, but not clear cell foci, increased in number and size in W-37 and W-52 rats. In W-37/S rats, clear cell foci replaced basophilic foci as the most frequent phenotype. In serial section overlays, adenosine triphosphatase deficient foci accounted for only 16% of basophilic foci in W-52 rats and 16% of clear cell foci in W-37/S rats at 52 weeks. The replication of basophilic foci of W-37 rats was markedly increased (focal labeling index, FLI = 61.8% versus non-focal labeling index, LI = 11.4%; control LI = 0.8%). Clear cell foci from W-37/S rats at 52 weeks had a FLI of 1.6% (non-focal LI = 0.6%). Hepatocellular adenomas were increased in W-37 (11/20 rats and 0.8 tumors/rat) and W-52 groups (19/20 rats and 2.8 tumors/rat). Prevalence of hepatocellular carcinomas was elevated in W-52 rats (6/20 rats) but not in W-22 or W-37 rats. Following removal of Wy-14,643, prevalence of animals with malignant, metastatic hepatocellular carcinomas in W-52/S rats was similar to the prevalence in W-52 rats. However, Wy-14,643-induced adenomas completely regressed in W-37/S and W-52/S groups. In summary, significant morphological continuity between highly proliferative basophilic foci and hepatocellular tumors was identified, emphasizing the superiority of basophilia as a marker for lesions leading to development of hepatocellular neoplasia in rats fed Wy-14,643. An important biological distinction was noted between regressive hepatic adenomas and progressive hepatocellular carcinomas induced by a peroxisome proliferator. JF - Carcinogenesis AU - Marsman, D S AU - Popp, JA AD - Environ. Toxicol. Program, NIEHS, PO Box 12233, MD A0-01, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 111 EP - 117 VL - 15 IS - 1 SN - 0143-3334, 0143-3334 KW - peroxisome proliferators KW - rats KW - Wy 14643 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - carcinogenesis KW - adenoma KW - liver KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16979857?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Carcinogenesis&rft.atitle=Biological+potential+of+basophilic+hepatocellular+foci+and+hepatic+adenoma+induced+by+the+peroxisome+proliferator%2C+Wy-14%2C643&rft.au=Marsman%2C+D+S%3BPopp%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Marsman&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=111&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - liver; adenoma; carcinogenesis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rescue of a failed polymerase chain reaction catalyzed by vent or deep vent DNA polymerase with 10% dimethyl sulfoxide AN - 16973218; 3819290 JF - Analytical Biochemistry AU - Berger, S L AD - NCI/NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 290 EP - 293 VL - 222 IS - 1 SN - 0003-2697, 0003-2697 KW - DNA-directed DNA polymerase KW - dimethylsulfoxide KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids KW - nucleotide sequence KW - N 14610:Occurrence, isolation & assay KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W3 33130:Genetic based (PCR, etc.) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16973218?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Analytical+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Rescue+of+a+failed+polymerase+chain+reaction+catalyzed+by+vent+or+deep+vent+DNA+polymerase+with+10%25+dimethyl+sulfoxide&rft.au=Berger%2C+S+L&rft.aulast=Berger&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=222&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=290&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Analytical+Biochemistry&rft.issn=00032697&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - nucleotide sequence ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Protein antigens of Chlamydia psittaci present in infected cells but not detected in the infectious elementary body AN - 16970753; 3620208 AB - Ocular infection of guinea pigs with the guinea pig inclusion conjunctivitis (GPIC) strain of Chlamydia psittaci produces a clinical condition representative of acute chlamydia conjunctivitis in humans. Guinea pigs which had recovered from two challenges with GPIC were used as a source of sera for the identification of antigens present in GPIC-infected tissue culture cells but absent in the infectious elementary body (EB). Immunoblots of lysates of infected HeLa cells probed with the convalescent-phase sera identified protein antigens of 22, 34, and 52 kDa (p22, p34, and p52, respectively) that were not detected in lysates of purified EB or in uninfected HeLa cells. Protein p22 was also not detected in lysates of purified reticulate bodies. Immunoblotting of lysates of HeLa cells infected with other chlamydiae demonstrated that the antigenicity of p22 and p34 was subspecies specific. Immunoblotting was also used to detect p22 and p34 in lysates of the conjunctivae of infected guinea pigs. Adsorption of convalescent-phase sera with GPIC EB produced a reagent with dominant reactivity toward p22, p34, and a 28-kDa EB protein. Immunofluorescent staining of GPIC-infected HeLa cells demonstrated that these adsorbed sera labeled the inclusion and inclusion membrane, with no apparent reactivity toward EB or reticulate bodies. Collectively, these data identify non-EB chlamydial components which may be released into the inclusion during intracellular growth. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Rockey, D D AU - Rosquist, J L AD - Lab. Intracell. Parasites, Rocky Mountain Lab., NIAID, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 106 EP - 112 VL - 62 IS - 1 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - guinea-pigs KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - elementary bodies KW - conjunctivitis KW - Chlamydia psittaci KW - proteins KW - antigens KW - J 02727:Amino acids, peptides and proteins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16970753?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Protein+antigens+of+Chlamydia+psittaci+present+in+infected+cells+but+not+detected+in+the+infectious+elementary+body&rft.au=Rockey%2C+D+D%3BRosquist%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Rockey&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=100&rft.issue=&rft.spage=21&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chlamydia psittaci; proteins; antigens; conjunctivitis; elementary bodies ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Manipulating blood T cells and B cells from squirrel monkeys: Some technical considerations AN - 16963697; 3622972 AB - The squirrel monkey Saimiri sciureus is an experimental host for a range of human pathogens, and for the assessment of vaccine candidate antigens and vaccine strategies. This experimental host is thus particularly suitable for the follow-up of humoral responses. To understand some of the mechanisms that underlie the defense against experimental pathogens, there is a need of basic knowledge on cellular immune effectors also. The authors report here their experience in characterizing squirrel monkey blood T and B lymphocytes, and in studying in vitro induced activation and proliferation of T and B cells. Particular emphasis is given to the in vitro differentiation of squirrel monkey B cells into immunoglobulin secreting cells, with respect to Plasmodium falciparum antigens. JF - Journal of Immunological Methods AU - Garraud, O AU - Perraut, R AU - Gysin, Juerg AU - Behr, C AU - Dubois, Philippe AU - Bonnemains, B AU - Jouin, H AU - Michel, J-C AU - Pereira da Silva, L AD - Clin. Parasitol. Sect., Lab. Parasitic Dis., NIAID-NIH, Build. 4, Rm. 126, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 165 EP - 173 VL - 173 IS - 2 SN - 0022-1759, 0022-1759 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Immunology Abstracts KW - Saimiri sciureus KW - lymphocytes T KW - malaria KW - immune response (humoral) KW - Plasmodium falciparum KW - lymphocytes B KW - K 03086:Immunology & vaccination KW - W3 33240:Immunology KW - F 06803:Protozoa KW - F 06749:Function KW - F 06756:Function KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16963697?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Immunological+Methods&rft.atitle=Manipulating+blood+T+cells+and+B+cells+from+squirrel+monkeys%3A+Some+technical+considerations&rft.au=Garraud%2C+O%3BPerraut%2C+R%3BGysin%2C+Juerg%3BBehr%2C+C%3BDubois%2C+Philippe%3BBonnemains%2C+B%3BJouin%2C+H%3BMichel%2C+J-C%3BPereira+da+Silva%2C+L&rft.aulast=Garraud&rft.aufirst=O&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=173&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=165&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Immunological+Methods&rft.issn=00221759&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - lymphocytes T; malaria; immune response (humoral); lymphocytes B; Saimiri sciureus; Plasmodium falciparum ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In vitro and in vivo antiviral (RNA) evaluation of orotidine 5'-monophosphate decarboxylase inhibitors and analogues including 6-azauridine-5'-(ethyl methoxyalaninyl)phosphate (a 5'-monophosphate prodrug) AN - 16961071; 3618557 AB - A series of 29 pyrimidines comprising analogues of 6-azauridine (e.g. 2- and 4-thio-6-azauridine), 6-substituted uridines (including several known inhibitors of orotidine 5'-monophosphate decarboxylase, ODCase, e.g. pyrazofurin), and 6-azauridine-5'-(ethyl methoxyalaninyl) phosphate (a potential prodrug of 6-AU-5'-MP) were synthesized and evaluated in vitro and in vivo against five RNA viruses: Japanese encephalitis (JE), yellow fever (YF), sandfly fever (SF), Punta Toro (PT) and Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (VEE) viruses. 2-Thio-6-azauridine demonstrated the best in vitro activity against all five viruses. However, in vivo activity was not observed in JE-, PT- and VEE-infected mice. The phosphate prodrug of 6-azauridine was significantly more effective than the parent compound in the PT virus mouse model. Optimum in vivo dose/route/schedule was determined for pyrazofurin in PT-virus-infected mice. JF - Antiviral Chemistry & Chemotherapy AU - Gabrielsen, B AU - Kirsi, J J AU - Kwong, C D AU - Carter, DA AU - Krauth, CA AU - Hanna, L K AU - Huggins, J W AU - Monath, T P AU - Kefauver, D F AD - NCI-FCRDC, P.O. Box B, Build. 427, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 209 EP - 220 VL - 5 IS - 4 SN - 0956-3202, 0956-3202 KW - orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase KW - pyrazofurin KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - antiviral agents KW - RNA KW - inhibitors KW - viruses KW - activity KW - A 01068:Antiviral & viricidal KW - V 22100:Antiviral agents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16961071?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Mechanisms+of+multistep+carcinogenesis+and+carcinogen+risk+assessment.&rft.au=Barrett%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Barrett&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-04-01&rft.volume=100&rft.issue=&rft.spage=9&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - RNA; viruses; antiviral agents; inhibitors; activity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Protein binding of human immunodeficiency virus protease inhibitor KNI-272 and alteration of its in vitro antiretroviral activity in the presence of high concentrations of proteins AN - 16928213; 3613469 AB - KNI-272 represents a peptide-based protease inhibitor having potent antiretroviral activity against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in vitro. The structure contains allophenylnorstatine [(2S,3S)-3-amino-2-hydroxy-4-phenylbutyric acid] with a hydroxymethylcarbonyl isostere. We asked whether this experimental anti-HIV agent could exert its activity in vitro in the presence of relatively high concentrations of fetal calf serum (FCS) and assessed its protein-binding properties by using fresh human plasma preparations. Higher levels of KNI-272 in plasma may be required when this compound undergoes clinical trials relative to those inferred from in vitro data involving the use of 10 to 15% FCS-containing culture media. The current data may have a relevance to other antiretroviral drugs that are under development and that have a high protein-binding capacity. JF - Antimicrobial Agents & Chemotherapy AU - Kageyama, S AU - Anderson, B D AU - Hoesterey, B L AU - Hayashi, H AU - Kiso, Y AU - Flora, K P AU - Mitsuya, H AD - Exp. Retrovirol. Sect., Med. Branch, NCI/NIH, Build. 10, Rm. 5A11, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1107 EP - 1111 VL - 38 IS - 5 SN - 0066-4804, 0066-4804 KW - proteinase inhibitors KW - KNI-272 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - antiviral activity KW - human immunodeficiency virus KW - binding KW - proteins KW - V 22002:AIDS: Molecular and in vitro aspects KW - A 01068:Antiviral & viricidal UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16928213?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.atitle=Protein+binding+of+human+immunodeficiency+virus+protease+inhibitor+KNI-272+and+alteration+of+its+in+vitro+antiretroviral+activity+in+the+presence+of+high+concentrations+of+proteins&rft.au=Kageyama%2C+S%3BAnderson%2C+B+D%3BHoesterey%2C+B+L%3BHayashi%2C+H%3BKiso%2C+Y%3BFlora%2C+K+P%3BMitsuya%2C+H&rft.aulast=Kageyama&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1107&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.issn=00664804&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - human immunodeficiency virus; antiviral activity; proteins; binding ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Isolation of immature and mature T cell receptor complexes by lectin affinity chromatography AN - 16926451; 3605226 AB - The antigen-specific T cell receptor (TCR) is a multisubunit complex composed of at least six different polypeptide chains ( alpha , beta , gamma , delta , epsilon , zeta ), several of which are glycoproteins. Assembly of the TCR occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and involves intermediary complexes of CD3- gamma , delta , epsilon proteins and TCR alpha and - beta molecules. Egress of TCR from the ER and transport through the Golgi apparatus is most often monitored by the sensitivity of TCR glycoproteins to endoglycosidase H (Endo H), an enzyme specific for immature oligosaccharides which have not yet been processed by Golgi glycosidases and glycosyltransferases. When both immature and mature TCR glycoproteins are present within a given sample, this becomes extremely difficult. In this report, we describe a method for the physical separation of immature and mature murine TCR complexes based on processing of N-linked carbohydrate side chains. Specifically, we report the use of wheat germ agglutinin-affinity matrices to separate TCR complexes which have reached the trans Golgi compartment of the cell from those that have not. This technique is rapid, sensitive, and does not affect the integrity of assembled TCR complexes. JF - Journal of Immunological Methods AU - Kearse, K P AU - Singer, A AD - Exp. Immunol. Branch, NCI/NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 75 EP - 81 VL - 167 IS - 1-2 SN - 0022-1759, 0022-1759 KW - CD3 antigen KW - completes KW - lectins KW - mice KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts KW - affinity chromatography KW - T-cell receptor KW - lymphocytes T KW - F 06754:Surface KW - W3 33240:Immunology KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16926451?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Electroencephalography+and+Clinical+Neurophysiology&rft.atitle=Safety+of+rapid-rate+transcranial+magnetic+stimulation+in+normal+volunteers.&rft.au=Pascual-Leone%2C+A%3BHouser%2C+C+M%3BReese%2C+K%3BShotland%2C+L+I%3BGrafman%2C+J%3BSato%2C+S%3BValls-Sol%C3%A9+J%3BBrasil-Neto%2C+J+P%3BWassermann%2C+E+M%3BCohen%2C+L+G&rft.aulast=Pascual-Leone&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1993-04-01&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=120&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Electroencephalography+and+Clinical+Neurophysiology&rft.issn=00134694&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - affinity chromatography; T-cell receptor; lymphocytes T ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cohort-specific risks of developing breast cancer to age 85 in Connecticut AN - 16924601; 3604492 AB - Previous estimates of the lifetime risk of developing breast cancer have used cross-sectional estimates of incidence. Cross-sectional rates, however, yield a biased picture of cohort risks when rates are unstable, as breast cancer trends have been. We developed cohort life tables for Connecticut women born from 1888-1892 to 1948-1952 to generate more specific estimates of breast cancer risk to age 85. Multiple decrement life tables were produced for each birth cohort. We included as cases only the first reports of breast cancer in women with no earlier malignancy. Our results indicate that widely circulated lifetime risks of 1 in 9 may be inflated slightly owing to changing incidence. We estimate that of those women 40-44 years old in 1992, 1 women in 10 will develop breast cancer by age 85. For women born between 1928 and 1932, 1 in 13 will be diagnosed with breast cancer by age 85. The results are insensitive to mortality trends in the past. JF - Epidemiology AU - Campbell, M K AU - Feuer, E J AU - Wun, L-M AD - NCI/NIH, Executive Plaza North, Rm. 313, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 290 EP - 296 VL - 5 IS - 3 SN - 1044-3983, 1044-3983 KW - Risk Abstracts KW - breast cancer KW - USA, Connecticut KW - epidemiology KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16924601?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Epidemiology&rft.atitle=Cohort-specific+risks+of+developing+breast+cancer+to+age+85+in+Connecticut&rft.au=Campbell%2C+M+K%3BFeuer%2C+E+J%3BWun%2C+L-M&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=290&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Epidemiology&rft.issn=10443983&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, Connecticut; breast cancer; epidemiology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Induction of plasmacytomas that secrete monoclonal anti-peptide antibodies by retroviral transformation AN - 16922703; 3608065 AB - ABL-MYC, a retrovirus that coexpresses v-abl and c-myc, was used to infect six BALB/c mice that had been immunized twice with a KLH-conjugated peptide that consisted of the 18 carboxyterminal amino acids of protein kinase C- eta (PKC- eta ). All mice developed transplantable, monoclonal plasmacytomas, and five out of six plasmacytomas secreted antigen-specific antibodies, even after transplantation. All these antibodies recognized PKC- eta on Western blots of crude cell lysates and did not cross react with other isoforms of the PKC family. JF - Journal of Immunological Methods AU - Weissinger, E M AU - Henderson, D W AU - Mischak, H AU - Goodnight, J-A AU - Mushinski, J F AD - Lab. Genet., NCI/NIH, Build. 37 Rm. 2B21, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 123 EP - 130 VL - 168 IS - 1 SN - 0022-1759, 0022-1759 KW - Balb/c KW - mice KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts KW - secretion KW - retrovirus KW - specificity KW - peptides KW - plasmacytoma KW - monoclonal antibodies KW - transformation KW - W3 33375:Antibodies KW - F 06711:Monoclonal antibodies, hybridomas, antigens and antisera KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - N 14672:Transfection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16922703?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+chemistry&rft.atitle=Measurement+of+heroin+and+its+metabolites+by+isotope-dilution+electron-impact+mass+spectrometry.&rft.au=Goldberger%2C+B+A%3BDarwin%2C+W+D%3BGrant%2C+T+M%3BAllen%2C+A+C%3BCaplan%2C+Y+H%3BCone%2C+E+J&rft.aulast=Goldberger&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1993-04-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=670&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+chemistry&rft.issn=00099147&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - secretion; retrovirus; specificity; peptides; monoclonal antibodies; plasmacytoma; transformation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chemical mutagenesis testing in Drosophila. X. Results of 70 coded chemicals tested for the National Toxicology Program AN - 16914575; 3594543 AB - Seventy chemicals were tested for the ability to induce sex-linked recessive lethal (SLRL) mutations in postmeiotic and meiotic germ cells of male Drosophila melanogaster. Sixteen of the 70 chemicals tested were mutagenic in the SLRL assay: 3-chloro-2-methylpropene, 3-(chloromethyl)pyridine HCl, dimethylcarbamoyl chloride, HC blue 1,3-iodo-1,2-propanediol, malaoxon, N,N'-methylene-bis-acrylamide, 4,4'-methylenedianiline 2HCl, ziram, cis-dichlorodiaminoplatinum II, 1,2-dibromoethane, dibromomannitol, 1,2-epoxypropane, glycidol, myleran, and toluene diisocyanate. The last seven also induced reciprocal translocations. A comparison of the results from the SLRL assay with other assays for mutagens and carcinogens suggests that the SLRL assay is highly specific, but poorly sensitive, both for mutagens and potential carcinogens. JF - Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis AU - Foureman, P AU - Mason, J M AU - Valencia, R AU - Zimmering, S AD - Lab. Genet., NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2233, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 208 EP - 227 VL - 23 IS - 3 SN - 0893-6692, 0893-6692 KW - sex-linked recessive lethal mutations KW - sex-linkage KW - Entomology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - lethal mutant KW - mutagenicity testing KW - xenobiotics KW - Drosophila melanogaster KW - G 07220:General theory/testing systems KW - Z 05215:Mutation KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16914575?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+and+Molecular+Mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Chemical+mutagenesis+testing+in+Drosophila.+X.+Results+of+70+coded+chemicals+tested+for+the+National+Toxicology+Program&rft.au=Foureman%2C+P%3BMason%2C+J+M%3BValencia%2C+R%3BZimmering%2C+S&rft.aulast=Foureman&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=208&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+and+Molecular+Mutagenesis&rft.issn=08936692&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Drosophila melanogaster; xenobiotics; mutagenicity testing; lethal mutant ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Block of HIV-1 infection by a combination of antisense tat RNA and TAR decoys: A strategy for control of HIV-1 AN - 16914000; 3593852 AB - The tat gene product (Tat) of HIV-1 is an early regulatory protein necessary for viral gene expression and replication. Tat may also play a role as an extracellular protein in both HIV-1 replication and AIDS-associated disorders such as Kaposi's sarcoma. Thus, Tat represents a good target for gene therapy against AIDS. We show that when vectors expressing antisense tat RNA are transiently transfected into CD4 super(+) cells, they block about 70% of HIV-1 replication and inhibit the rescue of Tat-defective HIV-1 proviruses by inhibition of Tat protein expression and consequent lack of transcriptional activation of the HIV-promoter. However, antisense tat vectors cannot block the activity of extracellular Tat protein. Another tat inhibitory construct (poly-Tat-activation response; TAR) previously suggested to inhibit HIV-1 transactivation by sequestering the Tat protein, inhibited the activity of extracellular Tat, but like antisense tat RNA did not completely block viral gene expression and replication. The results suggested that one mode of inhibition is not sufficient to block Tat function. However, when the antisense tat and the poly-TAR constructs were combined HIV-1 gene expression was completely blocked (94-98%), suggesting that a combination of inhibitory genes blocking Tat by sequential steps may be a better approach for AIDS gene therapy. JF - Gene Therapy AU - Chang, Hsiao-Kuey AU - Gendelman, R AU - Lisziewicz, J AU - Gallo, R C AU - Ensoli, B AD - Lab. Tumor Cell Biol., Build. 37, Rm. 6A09, NCI/NIH, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 208 EP - 216 VL - 1 IS - 3 SN - 0969-7128, 0969-7128 KW - RNA KW - TAR regions KW - Tat protein KW - antisense KW - gene therapy KW - human immunodeficiency virus 1 KW - infection KW - inhibition KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Human Genome Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - V 22002:AIDS: Molecular and in vitro aspects KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W3 33180:Gene based (protocols, clinical trials, and animal models) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16914000?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gene+Therapy&rft.atitle=Block+of+HIV-1+infection+by+a+combination+of+antisense+tat+RNA+and+TAR+decoys%3A+A+strategy+for+control+of+HIV-1&rft.au=Chang%2C+Hsiao-Kuey%3BGendelman%2C+R%3BLisziewicz%2C+J%3BGallo%2C+R+C%3BEnsoli%2C+B&rft.aulast=Chang&rft.aufirst=Hsiao-Kuey&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=208&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Gene+Therapy&rft.issn=09697128&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - gene therapy; antisense; RNA; inhibition; infection; human immunodeficiency virus 1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Slippage synthesis at the galP2 promoter of Escherichia coli and its regulation by UTP concentration and cAMP-cAMP receptor protein AN - 16913611; 3593480 AB - An intriguing mechanism in regulating transcription initiation from the gal operon in Escherichia coli is described. Initiation from galP2, one of the two promoters of the E. coli galactose operon, is shown to be subject to promoter clearance control in responding to changes in UTP concentration. In vitro, RNA polymerase (RNAP) makes a large amount of nonproductive "stuttering" initiation products at the galP2 promoter at high concentrations of UTP and less of the stuttered products at low concentrations of UTP. Conversely, RNAP makes more productive initiation products at low UTP concentration than at high UTP concentration. The transcription factor cAMP-CRP complex which normally inhibits transcription from galP2 also represses the stuttering synthesis from galP2. When galactose is used as a sole carbon source and the internal UTP pools are adjusted externally, a cya mutant (in which galP2 is mainly responsible for the expression of the gal operon and galP1 activity is minimal) has a slower growth rate and lower expression of the gal operon at high UTP pools than at low UTP pools. Such an apparent correlation between the in vitro and in vivo results allows one to speculate that changes in UTP concentration can modulate the expression of the gal operon. The implication of a gal promoter being controlled by UTP is discussed. JF - Journal of Biological Chemistry AU - Jin, Ding Jun AD - Lab. Mol. Biol., NCI, NIH, 9000 Rockville Pike, Build. 37, Rm. 2E14, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 17221 EP - 17227 VL - 269 IS - 25 SN - 0021-9258, 0021-9258 KW - slippage KW - galP2 gene KW - UTP KW - CRP protein KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids KW - concentration KW - genes KW - promoters KW - regulation KW - Escherichia coli KW - synthesis KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution KW - N 14662:Gene regulation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16913611?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cell+growth+%26+differentiation+%3A+the+molecular+biology+journal+of+the+American+Association+for+Cancer+Research&rft.atitle=Epidermal+growth+factor+receptor+ligands+regulate+keratin+8+expression+in+keratinocytes%2C+and+transforming+growth+factor+alpha+mediates+the+induction+of+keratin+8+by+the+v-rasHa+oncogene.&rft.au=Cheng%2C+C%3BTennenbaum%2C+T%3BDempsey%2C+P+J%3BCoffey%2C+R+J%3BYuspa%2C+S+H%3BDlugosz%2C+A+A&rft.aulast=Cheng&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1993-04-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=317&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cell+growth+%26+differentiation+%3A+the+molecular+biology+journal+of+the+American+Association+for+Cancer+Research&rft.issn=10449523&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; genes; promoters; synthesis; regulation; concentration ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Processive degradation of proteins by the ATP-dependent Clp protease from Escherichia coli: Requirement for the multiple array of active sites in ClpP but not ATP hydrolysis AN - 16913557; 3602837 AB - ClpP, the proteolytic component of the ATP-dependent ClpAP protease, is composed of 12 identical subunits and has intrinsic degradative activity against short peptides. Degradation of proteins and some peptides by ClpP requires the regulatory component ClpA and ATP. Peptide and protein substrates have been used to distinguish the roles of nucleotide binding and nucleotide hydrolysis in the activation of ClpAP protease. ATP binding alone promoted interaction between ClpA and ClpP, affected the substrate response curves for very short peptides, and activated degradation of larger peptides that were not degraded by ClpP alone. ATP hydrolysis did not increase in proportion to the increase in peptide bond hydrolysis of short peptides. However, ATP hydrolysis was strictly required for degradation of proteins such as alpha -casein; there was no indication of even limited cleavage of protein substrates when nonhydrolyzable analogs of ATP were used. Most large peptides and proteins were degraded in multiple sites without release of high molecular weight intermediates. Partial inactivation of ClpP with diisopropyl fluorophosphate produced ClpP with one to three active subunits/dodecamer. When only a few active sites were available in the active complex of ClpAP, degradation of large peptides and proteins released significant amounts of high molecular weight intermediates. Thus, processive degradation of protein substrates is a function of the multiple array of proteolytic active sites within the ClpP dodecamer. JF - Journal of Biological Chemistry AU - Thompson, M W AU - Singh, S K AU - Maurizi, M R AD - NCI/NIH, Build. 37, Rm. 1B07, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 18209 EP - 18215 VL - 269 IS - 27 SN - 0021-9258, 0021-9258 KW - ClpAP proteinase KW - ATP KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - degradation KW - active sites KW - Escherichia coli KW - hydrolysis KW - subunits KW - proteins KW - J 02728:Enzymes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16913557?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biological+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Processive+degradation+of+proteins+by+the+ATP-dependent+Clp+protease+from+Escherichia+coli%3A+Requirement+for+the+multiple+array+of+active+sites+in+ClpP+but+not+ATP+hydrolysis&rft.au=Thompson%2C+M+W%3BSingh%2C+S+K%3BMaurizi%2C+M+R&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=269&rft.issue=27&rft.spage=18209&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Biological+Chemistry&rft.issn=00219258&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; subunits; active sites; hydrolysis; proteins; degradation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Activity and specificity of Escherichia coli ClpAP protease in cleaving model peptide substrates AN - 16908119; 3602820 AB - Escherichia coli ClpAP protease is an ATP-dependent protease composed of the proteolytic component ClpP and a regulatory ATPase, ClpA. ClpAP protease degraded a variety of peptide bonds in protein and peptide substrates at a slow rate (k sub(cat) greater than or equal to 30 min super(-1)/subunit of ClpP), but showed very high activity (k sub(cat) greater than or equal to 800 min super(-1)) for a synthetic peptide composed of the first 19 amino acids of ClpP, MSYSGERDNFAPHMALVPV, referred to as the propeptide. The propeptide was not degraded by ClpP alone, but was degraded in the presence of ClpA and ClpP. Degradation was activated by nonhydrolyzable analogs of ATP, indicating that nucleotide-promoted interaction between ClpA and ClpP is sufficient to activate ClpP for propeptide cleavage. The propeptide, as well as truncated forms lacking either the first 9 or the last 3 amino acids, was cleaved at the same Met-Ala bond at which autoprocessing occurs in vivo. No hydrolysis of FAPHMALVPV derivatives was observed when Met was replaced by Glu, Lys, Ser, Tyr, Ile, and D-Met, but cleavage at the same position did occur with Leu or Trp substitutions. A peptide composed of a tandem repeat of FAPHMALVPV was cleaved between both Met-Ala bonds (k sub(cat) values greater than or equal to 39 min super(-1)). Propeptides inhibited degradation of alpha -casein by competition for a binding site on ClpA, and they stimulated the basal ATPase activity of ClpA in the absence of ClpP. Peptides and protein substrates interact at an allosteric site on ClpA, which appears to be the site at which specific substrates are recognized by the Clp protease. JF - Journal of Biological Chemistry AU - Thompson, M W AU - Maurizi, M R AD - NCI/NIH, Build. 37, Rm. 1B07, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 18201 EP - 18208 VL - 269 IS - 27 SN - 0021-9258, 0021-9258 KW - ClpAP proteinase KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - substrates KW - specificity KW - Escherichia coli KW - peptides KW - enzymatic activity KW - cleavage KW - J 02728:Enzymes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16908119?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biological+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Activity+and+specificity+of+Escherichia+coli+ClpAP+protease+in+cleaving+model+peptide+substrates&rft.au=Thompson%2C+M+W%3BMaurizi%2C+M+R&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=269&rft.issue=27&rft.spage=18201&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Biological+Chemistry&rft.issn=00219258&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; enzymatic activity; specificity; peptides; substrates; cleavage ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Algal and bacterial pigments in non-laminated lacustrine sediment: Studies of their sedimentation, degradation and stratigraphy AN - 16907115; 3591278 AB - Natural phyto- and bacterioplankton populations of Lake Vechten (the Netherlands) were subjected to darkness under oxic and anoxic conditions at in situ temperatures in order to test the stability in time of their photosynthetic pigments. Furthermore, sedimentary fluxes and concentrations of pigments were estimated in (respectively) sediment trap catches and at the sediment-water interphase in order to measure the pigment breakdown upon burial into the sediment. The chlorophylls and most of the xanthophylls showed substantial losses of 20% to 60% in the incubation experiments as well as in the surficial sediment. beta -Carotene, okenone and echinenone were most stable (2-10% losses); fucoxanthin and peridinin were degraded extensively; alloxanthin and zeaxanthin held an intermediate position as did the bacteriochlorophylls. Trends in sediment profiles of pigments were compared with limnological data obtained during the enhanced eutrophication of the lake. Evidence was provided that the beta -carotene profile closely followed the increase of phytoplankton biomass. Although susceptible to substantial degradation, several profiles of pigments and of pigment ratios could be related in a qualitative way to biomass and to shifts in species composition which occurred as a result of the changing ecological conditions in the lake. JF - FEMS Microbiology Ecology AU - Steenbergen, CLM AU - Korthals, HJ AU - Dobrynin, E G AD - NEI-Cent. Limnol., 3631 AC Nieuwersluis, Netherlands Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 335 EP - 352 VL - 13 IS - 4 SN - 0168-6496, 0168-6496 KW - carotenoids KW - chlorophylls KW - lacustrine sedimentation KW - paleoecology KW - paleolimnology KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - community composition KW - degradation KW - biomass KW - lakes KW - Freshwater KW - algae KW - sediments KW - ecology KW - Netherlands KW - Netherlands, Vechten L. KW - pigments KW - primary production KW - photosynthetic pigments KW - bacteria KW - Q1 08221:General KW - D 04310:Freshwater KW - J 02724:Pigments and vitamins KW - Q1 08201:General KW - K 03044:Algae KW - Q1 08187:Palaeontology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16907115?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEMS+Microbiology+Ecology&rft.atitle=Algal+and+bacterial+pigments+in+non-laminated+lacustrine+sediment%3A+Studies+of+their+sedimentation%2C+degradation+and+stratigraphy&rft.au=Steenbergen%2C+CLM%3BKorthals%2C+HJ%3BDobrynin%2C+E+G&rft.aulast=Steenbergen&rft.aufirst=CLM&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=713&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Carcinogenesis&rft.issn=01433334&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - community composition; degradation; biomass; pigments; lakes; primary production; algae; carotenoids; photosynthetic pigments; bacteria; sediments; ecology; chlorophylls; lacustrine sedimentation; paleoecology; paleolimnology; Netherlands, Vechten L.; Netherlands; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular structures that influence the immunomodulatory properties of the lipid A and inner core region oligosaccharides of bacterial lipopolysaccharides AN - 16904299; 3596614 AB - The relationship between chain length as well as the position of fatty acyl groups to the ability of lipid A to abolish the expression of suppressor T-cell (Ts) activity was examined. Fatty acyl chain lengths of C sub(12) to C sub(14), as in the lipid A of Escherichia coli and Salmonella minnesota, appear to be optimal for this bioactivity, since lipid A preparations with fatty acyl groups of relatively short chain length (C sub(10) to C sub(12) for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Chromobacterium violaceum) or predominantly long chain length (C sub(18) for Helicobacter pylori) are without effect. The minimal structure required for the expression of the added immunosuppression observed appears to be a hexasaccharide containing one 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate residue, two glucose residues, and three heptose residues to which are attached two pyrophosphorylethanolamine groups. The relevance of these findings to virulence and to the pathogenesis of gram-negative infections is discussed. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Baker, P J AU - Hraba, T AU - Taylor, CE AU - Stashak, P W AU - Fauntleroy, M B AU - Zaehringer, U AU - Takayama, K AU - Sievert, T R AU - Hronowski, X AD - Div. Microbiol. and Infect. Dis., NIAID, NIH, Solar Build. Rm. 3A37, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 2257 EP - 2269 VL - 62 IS - 6 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - lipopolysaccharides KW - oligosaccharides KW - lipid A KW - mice KW - Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Salmonella minnesota KW - cores KW - Chromobacterium violaceum KW - bacteria KW - immunoregulation KW - Escherichia coli KW - Pseudomonas aeruginosa KW - F 06801:Bacteria KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16904299?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Molecular+structures+that+influence+the+immunomodulatory+properties+of+the+lipid+A+and+inner+core+region+oligosaccharides+of+bacterial+lipopolysaccharides&rft.au=Baker%2C+P+J%3BHraba%2C+T%3BTaylor%2C+CE%3BStashak%2C+P+W%3BFauntleroy%2C+M+B%3BZaehringer%2C+U%3BTakayama%2C+K%3BSievert%2C+T+R%3BHronowski%2C+X&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=2257&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; Salmonella minnesota; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Chromobacterium violaceum; bacteria; cores; immunoregulation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Collaborative development of a patient simulator for educating nurses in hemofiltration therapies AN - 16904123; 145942 AB - The use of simulators can provide an economical assist in nurse education and evaluation of complex treatment modalities. The purpose of this article is to describe the patient simulator used for performing hemofiltration and its implication for nursing education. In addition, an overview of the renal replacement therapies used in the clinical management of renal dysfunction are reviewed to provide the reader with a basic understanding of the various modalities available to manage renal dysfunction. JF - Biomedical Instrumentation & Technology AU - Talbot, Thomas L AU - Rosenthal, Cathy H AU - Strider, Victoria Church AD - National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 271 EP - 281 VL - 28 IS - 4 SN - 0899-8205, 0899-8205 KW - Computer aided instruction KW - Critical care patients KW - Hospitals KW - Patient simulator KW - Personnel training KW - Renal dysfunction KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - W4 912.4:PERSONNEL KW - W4 462.1:BIOMEDICAL EQUIPMENT (GENERAL) KW - W4 461.1:BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING KW - W4 723.5:COMPUTER APPLICATIONS KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16904123?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biomedical+Instrumentation+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Collaborative+development+of+a+patient+simulator+for+educating+nurses+in+hemofiltration+therapies&rft.au=Talbot%2C+Thomas+L%3BRosenthal%2C+Cathy+H%3BStrider%2C+Victoria+Church&rft.aulast=Talbot&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=271&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biomedical+Instrumentation+%26+Technology&rft.issn=08998205&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hospitals ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Aromatic amine dehydrogenase, a second tryptophan tryptophylquinone enzyme AN - 16902606; 3591826 AB - Aromatic amine dehydrogenase (AADH) catalyzes the oxidative deamination of aromatic amines including tyramine and dopamine. AADH is structurally similar to methylamine dehydrogenase (MADH) and possesses the same tryptophan tryptophylquinone (TTQ) prosthetic group. AADH exhibits an alpha sub(2) beta sub(2) structure with subunit molecular weights of 39,000 and 18,000 and with a quinone covalently attached to each beta subunit. Neither subunit cross-reacted immunologically with antibodies to the corresponding subunits of MADH, and the N-terminal amino acid sequence of the beta subunit of AADH exhibited no homology with the highly conserved beta subunits of MADH. The absorption spectra for the oxidized, semiquinone, and reduced forms of AADH have been characterized, and extinction coefficients for the absorption maxima of each redox form have been determined. These spectra are very similar to those for MADH, indicating the likelihood of a TTQ cofactor. This was verified by the near identity of the vibrational frequencies and intensities in the resonance Raman spectra for the oxidized forms of AADH and MADH. A stable semiquinone of AADH could be observed during a reductive titration with dithionite, whereas titration with tyramine proceeded directly from the oxidized to the reduced form. AADH was very stable against denaturation by heat and exposure to guanidine. The individual subunits could be separated by gel filtration after incubation in guanidine hydrochloride, and partial reconstitution of activity was observed on recombination of the subunits. Steady-state kinetic analysis of AADH yielded a V sub(max) of 17 mu mol/min/mg and a K sub(m) for tyramine of 5.4 mu M. Substrate inhibition by tyramine was observed. AADH was irreversibly inhibited by hydrazine, phenylhydrazine, hydroxylamine, semicarbazide, and aminoguanidine. Isonicotinic acid hydrazide (isoniazid) and isonicotinic acid 2-isopropyl hydrazide (iproniazid) were reversible noncompetitive inhibitors of AADH and exhibited K sub(i) values of 8 and 186 mu M, respectively. The similarities and differences between AADH and other amine oxidizing enzymes are also discussed. JF - Journal of Bacteriology AU - Govindaraj, S AU - Eisenstein, E AU - Jones, L H AU - Sanders-Loehr, J AU - Chistoserdov, A Y AU - Davidson, V L AU - Edwards, S L AD - Natl. Inst. Health, NIAMS, Build. 6, Room 425, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 2922 EP - 2929 VL - 176 IS - 10 SN - 0021-9193, 0021-9193 KW - aromatic amine dehydrogenase KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Raman spectroscopy KW - Alcaligenes faecalis KW - inhibitors KW - amino acid sequence KW - Michaelis-Menten parameters KW - J 02728:Enzymes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16902606?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.atitle=Aromatic+amine+dehydrogenase%2C+a+second+tryptophan+tryptophylquinone+enzyme&rft.au=Govindaraj%2C+S%3BEisenstein%2C+E%3BJones%2C+L+H%3BSanders-Loehr%2C+J%3BChistoserdov%2C+A+Y%3BDavidson%2C+V+L%3BEdwards%2C+S+L&rft.aulast=Govindaraj&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=176&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=2922&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.issn=00219193&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Alcaligenes faecalis; amino acid sequence; Raman spectroscopy; Michaelis-Menten parameters; inhibitors ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The challenges posed by emerging infectious diseases AN - 16901650; 3595627 JF - ASM American Society for Microbiology News AU - Hughes, J M AU - Montagne, La, JR AD - Div. Microbiol. and Infect. Dis., NIAID/NIH, Rockville, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 248 EP - 250 VL - 60 IS - 5 SN - 0044-7897, 0044-7897 KW - emerging infection KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - epidemiology KW - pathogenesis KW - infectious diseases KW - epidemics KW - public health KW - J 02832:Antigenic properties and virulence KW - V 22122:Symptomatology, pathology & etiology KW - K 03092:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16901650?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ASM+American+Society+for+Microbiology+News&rft.atitle=The+challenges+posed+by+emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.au=Hughes%2C+J+M%3BMontagne%2C+La%2C+JR&rft.aulast=Hughes&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=248&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=ASM+American+Society+for+Microbiology+News&rft.issn=00447897&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - infectious diseases; public health; epidemics; pathogenesis; epidemiology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spatial resource partitioning by sympatric grey fox (Dusicyon griseus) and culpeo fox (Dusicyon culpaeus) in southern Chile AN - 16888541; 3802139 AB - The activity patterns, home-range use, and habitat utilization of sympatric South American grey fox (Dusicyon griseus) and culpeo fox (Dusicyon culpaeus) in eastern Torres del Paine National Park, Chile, were studied to determine how the two species were distributed. Both species were primarily nocturnal. Mean percent daily activity did not differ between species or among seasons, but the grey fox had a greater daily activity rate in summer and fall and the culpeo fox in winter and spring. Seasonal and annual home ranges of culpeo foxes were larger than those of grey foxes, but did not differ between sexes or among seasons. Home ranges of grey and culpeo foxes were interspersed in a mosaic-like arrangement and did not overlap. Grey foxes were located more often in upland shrub transition habitat and in areas of medium cover density. Culpeo foxes were found more often in thickets of trees and in areas of high cover density. Within their home range, matorral shrubland or Nothofagus thicket habitat was selected by all culpeo foxes and by 60% of grey foxes monitored. Interference competition by the culpeo fox may have been important in determining fox distribution. JF - Canadian Journal of Zoology/Revue Canadienne de Zoologie AU - Johnson, W E AU - Franklin, W L AD - Lab. Viral Carcinog., NCI, Frederick, MD 21702, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1788 EP - 1793 VL - 72 IS - 10 SN - 0008-4301, 0008-4301 KW - Dusicyon griseus KW - Dusicyon culpaeus KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - spatial distribution KW - home range KW - resource partitioning KW - Chile KW - Y 25387:Mammals (excluding primates) KW - D 04672:Mammals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16888541?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Zoology%2FRevue+Canadienne+de+Zoologie&rft.atitle=Spatial+resource+partitioning+by+sympatric+grey+fox+%28Dusicyon+griseus%29+and+culpeo+fox+%28Dusicyon+culpaeus%29+in+southern+Chile&rft.au=Johnson%2C+W+E%3BFranklin%2C+W+L&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1788&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Journal+of+Zoology%2FRevue+Canadienne+de+Zoologie&rft.issn=00084301&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chile; spatial distribution; resource partitioning; home range ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pseudomonas exotoxin A mutants: Replacement of surface-exposed residues in domain III with cysteine residues that can be modified with polyethylene glycol in a site-specific manner AN - 16885790; 3577780 AB - Pseudomonas exotoxin A (PE) is composed of three structural and functional domains. Domain Ia is responsible for cell recognition, domain II for translocation of PE across the cell membrane, and domain III for ADP-ribosylation of elongation factor 2. To investigate the role of the amino acids exposed on the surface of domain III, we replaced 15 of these, generating 29 different mutants at positions 412, 416, 418, 490, 513, 516, 522, 551, 576, 590, 599, 604, 606, 607 and 608. All but one mutant retained substantial ADP-ribosylation and cytotoxic activities. Modification of proteins with monomethoxy-polyethylene glycol (mPEG) prolongs their circulation in the blood stream and reduces their immunogenicity. Unlike PEGylated enzymes acting on small molecule substrates, PEGylated toxins may lose those functions that are based on macromolecular interactions. Therefore, we selectively PEGylated mutant PEs at positions 490, 513, 516, 522, 604, and 606. Most PEs modified by a 5-kDa mPEG via a disulfide or a thioether bond retained high cytotoxic activity. However, when a 20-kDa mPEG was used there was a decrease in cytotoxic activity with the disulfide-bonded molecules being more active. Positions 522 and 604 are good sites for PEGylation, but 490 is not. We also found that PEGylation of PE 522C prolonged its in vivo circulation time in mice. JF - Journal of Biological Chemistry AU - Benhar, I AU - Wang, Qing-cheng AU - FitzGerald, D AU - Pastan, I AD - Lab. Mol. Biol., Div. Cancer Biol., Diagn. and Cent., NCI/NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 13398 EP - 13404 VL - 269 IS - 18 SN - 0021-9258, 0021-9258 KW - exotoxin A KW - monomethoxy polyethylene glycol KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - site-directed mutagenesis KW - Pseudomonas KW - mutants KW - J 02822:Biosynthesis and physicochemical properties UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16885790?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biological+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Pseudomonas+exotoxin+A+mutants%3A+Replacement+of+surface-exposed+residues+in+domain+III+with+cysteine+residues+that+can+be+modified+with+polyethylene+glycol+in+a+site-specific+manner&rft.au=Benhar%2C+I%3BWang%2C+Qing-cheng%3BFitzGerald%2C+D%3BPastan%2C+I&rft.aulast=Benhar&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=269&rft.issue=18&rft.spage=13398&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Biological+Chemistry&rft.issn=00219258&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pseudomonas; mutants; site-directed mutagenesis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Polymerase chain reaction-based diagnosis of Onchocerca volvulus infection: Improved detection of patients with onchocerciasis AN - 16880566; 3804046 AB - Definitive diagnosis of Onchocerca volvulus (Ov) infection requires the identification of the parasite in either the skin or subcutaneous nodules. These parasitologic approaches suffer from poor sensitivity. To assess the efficacy and utility of a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based diagnosis for Ov infection, skin snips were examined from 94 persons in an Ov-endemic region of Ecuador, and results were compared in a blinded fashion with those of a PCR assay based on the Onchocerca-specific repetitive DNA sequence, O-150. All 60 patients microfilaria-positive on skin snip examination were positive in the PCR-based assay. In addition, 13 of 34 who were microfilaria-negative by skin snips were positive in the PCR assay. This suggests that the PCR-based assay is significantly more sensitive than current methods and overcomes many deficiencies of parasitologic and serologic methodologies in diagnosing active onchocerciasis. JF - Journal of Infectious Diseases AU - Zimmerman, P A AU - Guderian, R H AU - Aruajo, E AU - Elson, L AU - Phadke, P AU - Kubofcik, J AU - Nutman, T B AD - LPD/NIAID/NIH, Bldg. 4, Room 126, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 686 EP - 689 VL - 169 IS - 3 SN - 0022-1899, 0022-1899 KW - onchocerciasis KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Onchocerca volvulus KW - diagnosis KW - polymerase chain reaction KW - man KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W3 33130:Genetic based (PCR, etc.) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16880566?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pediatrics&rft.atitle=Variability+and+self-regulation+of+energy+intake+in+young+children+in+their+everyday+environment.&rft.au=Shea%2C+S%3BStein%2C+A+D%3BBasch%2C+C+E%3BContento%2C+I+R%3BZybert%2C+P&rft.aulast=Shea&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1992-10-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=542&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pediatrics&rft.issn=00314005&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - diagnosis; man; polymerase chain reaction; Onchocerca volvulus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Kinetic determination of cellular LacZ expression AN - 16876371; 3580559 AB - A kinetic assay for the expression of beta -galactosidase in cells transfected with the LacZ gene was developed using a 96-well-plant format. The assay involves solubilization of the cells followed by measuring hydrolytic rates of o-nitrophenyl beta -galactosidase on a standard 96-well-plant reader without other manipulations. The protocol requires only that reagent be added sequentially to the wells at ambient temperatures, thus permitting a semiautomated or fully automated determination of reporter expression. The rates of chromophore development were found to be linear over a 6-log enzyme concentration range, from 0.001 to 100 mU. Additionally, the use of kinetic data avoids the complications of non-enzymatic, background optical density. JF - Genetic Analysis: Biomolecular Engineering AU - Marsh, J AD - NIMH, Build. 336, Rm. 1B08, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 20 EP - 23 VL - 11 IS - 1 SN - 1050-3862, 1050-3862 KW - LacZ gene KW - beta -galactosidase KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids KW - genes KW - Escherichia coli KW - gene expression KW - assays KW - kinetics KW - N 14510:Occurrence, isolation & assay KW - J 02726:RNA and ribosomes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16876371?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Genetic+Analysis%3A+Biomolecular+Engineering&rft.atitle=Kinetic+determination+of+cellular+LacZ+expression&rft.au=Marsh%2C+J&rft.aulast=Marsh&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=20&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Genetic+Analysis%3A+Biomolecular+Engineering&rft.issn=10503862&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; gene expression; kinetics; assays; genes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Importance of the region around lysine 196 for catalytic activity of adenylyl cyclase from Escherichia coli AN - 16865582; 3786370 AB - Escherichia coli adenylyl cyclase contains no sequence that corresponds to the previously defined ATP/GTP binding consensus (A,G)XXXXGK(S,T). Using a search for lysine residues located adjacent to glycine residues, three regions that were possible candidates for part of the ATP binding site were identified. These were the residues located at positions 59, 90, and 196. A plasmid vector capable of overexpressing the cya gene under the control of the lambda P sub(L) promoter was mutated at these three loci to convert those lysine residues to methionine. Assays for catalytic activity of the mutated hyperexpressed proteins revealed that only the mutation at position 196 led to loss of activity. Photoaffinity labeling experiments using 8-azido-ATP provided evidence that the loss of activity was associated with a loss of the capability of the enzyme to bind ATP. A further series of replacement mutations in the hyperexpression vector was created at position 196. Assays of the adenylyl cyclase activity of the mutated proteins showed that replacement of lysine 196 by arginine led to minimal change in the activity. Replacements by histidine, glutamine, or glutamic acid resulted in approximately 10-20-fold reductions in the activity; replacements by methionine, isoleucine, or aspartic acid resulted in total loss of activity. When the mutated forms of the cya gene were expressed under the control of the cya promoter, the activity of the wild-type protein was higher than that of all the mutants, including the arginine replacement mutant. All of the mutants that retained activity also retained the capability of adenylyl cyclase to be stimulated by either inorganic orthophosphate or GTP. A helical wheel analysis of the region of adenylyl cyclase around lysine 196 revealed a structure compatible with an amphipathic helix with one face enriched with basic amino acid residues. Assays for adenylyl cyclase activity of a series of replacement mutations of residues on the hydrophilic face of the helix (R188I, R192I, G195I) as well as on the hydrophobic face (R197I) indicated that the R188I, G195I, and K196I replacement mutants were inactive, and R192I was approximately 30% as active as the wild-type, while the R197I mutant was equivalent to the wild-type control. A model is suggested for a unique binding motif in E. coli adenylyl cyclase in which there is a repetition of 3 basic residues on one face of a helix where there is an interaction with the three phosphate groups of ATP. JF - Journal of Biological Chemistry AU - Amin, N AU - Peterkofsky, A AD - Lab. Neurochem., NINDS, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 31094 EP - 31079 VL - 269 IS - 49 SN - 0021-9258, 0021-9258 KW - adenylyl cyclase KW - ATP KW - catalytic activity KW - lysine KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Escherichia coli KW - J 02728:Enzymes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16865582?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biological+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Importance+of+the+region+around+lysine+196+for+catalytic+activity+of+adenylyl+cyclase+from+Escherichia+coli&rft.au=Amin%2C+N%3BPeterkofsky%2C+A&rft.aulast=Amin&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=269&rft.issue=49&rft.spage=31094&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Biological+Chemistry&rft.issn=00219258&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Organization and expression of the Escherichia coli K-12 dad operon encoding the smaller subunit of D-amino acid dehydrogenase and the catabolic alanine racemase AN - 16855898; 3574150 AB - A fragment of the Escherichia coli K-12 chromosome complementing the D-amino acid dehydrogenase and catabolic alanine racemase deficiency of a dad operon deletion mutant was cloned in a mini-Mu plasmid. The dadA and dadX genes were localized to a 3.5-kb part of the plasmid insert. The nucleotide sequence of this fragment revealed two open reading frames encoding 432- and 356-amino-acid-long proteins. We show here that they correspond to the dadA and dadX genes. The dadA gene can encode only the smaller of the two subunits of D-amino acid dehydrogenase. A computer search revealed the presence of a flavin adenine dinucleotide-binding motif in the N-terminal domain of the deduced DadA protein sequence. This is in agreement with biochemical data showing that the D-amino acid dehydrogenase contains flavin adenine dinucleotide in its active center. The predicted dadX gene product appeared to be 85% identical to a dadB-encoded catabolic alanine racemase of Salmonella typhimurium. The organization of the dadA and dadX genes confirmed our previous conclusion based on the genetic data that these genes form an operon. The main transcription start points of the dad operon were determined by primer extension. They are preceded by a putative sigma super(70) promoter sequence and two cyclic AMP-cyclic AMP receptor protein (cAMP-CRP) binding sites, one of higher and one of lower affinity to CRP. We propose that the high-affinity site, centered 59.5 bp upstream of the main transcription start point, plays a role in cAMP-CRP-mediated activation of dad operon expression in the absence of glucose. JF - Journal of Bacteriology AU - Lobocka, M AU - Hennig, J AU - Wild, J AU - Klopotowski, T AD - Lab. Biochem., NCI, NIH, Bldg. 37, Rm. 4D-15, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1500 EP - 1510 VL - 176 IS - 5 SN - 0021-9193, 0021-9193 KW - dad operon KW - glucose KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - expression KW - operons KW - organization KW - Escherichia coli KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16855898?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Carcinogenesis&rft.atitle=The+role+of+O6-alkylguanine-DNA+alkyltransferase+in+protecting+Rat4+cells+against+the+mutagenic+effects+of+O6-substituted+guanine+residues+incorporated+in+codon+12+of+the+H-ras+gene.&rft.au=Bishop%2C+R+E%3BDunn%2C+L+L%3BPauly%2C+G+T%3BDolan%2C+M+E%3BMoschel%2C+R+C&rft.aulast=Bishop&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-04-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=593&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Carcinogenesis&rft.issn=01433334&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; operons; organization; expression ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cohort mortality and nested case-control study of lung cancer among structural pest control workers in Florida (United States) AN - 16844570; 3782049 AB - A previous report on the mortality of this cohort of Florida (United States) pest control workers found the risk of lung cancer was positively associated with the number of years licensed. An additional follow-up (1977-82) of this male cohort confirmed the excess (SMR = 1.4) and the rising risk with increasing number of years licensed (SMR = 2.2 among workers employed more than 20 years). A nested case-control study was undertaken to determine the effects of smoking and the type of pesticide exposure on lung cancer risk. Occupational histories and other data were obtained on 65 deceased lung cancer cases, 122 deceased controls, and 172 living controls. Interviews were conducted with next-of-kin regardless of the vital status of the subject. Odds ratios (OR) were adjusted by age and smoking. Adjustments for diet and other occupations had no effect on risk estimates and were not included in the final model. Using information from licensing records, ORs for lung cancer were greater for workers first licensed before age 40 (OR = 2.4, 95 percent confidence interval [CI] = 1.0-5.9 with deceased controls) and increased from 1.4 (CI = 0.7-3.0) for subjects licensed 10-19 years to 2.1 (CI = 0.8-5.5) for subjects licensed 20 or more years. JF - Cancer Causes & Control AU - Pesatori, A C AU - Sontag, J M AU - Lubin, J H AU - Consoni, D AU - Blair, A AD - NCI, Executive Plaza N., Rm. 418, Rockville, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 310 EP - 318 VL - 5 IS - 4 SN - 0957-5243, 0957-5243 KW - lung cancer KW - man KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - USA, Florida KW - chemicals KW - occupational exposure KW - males KW - lung KW - mortality KW - pesticides KW - cancer KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - X 24132:Chronic exposure KW - H SM10.21:CANCER KW - H SE5.3:HAZARD DETERMINATION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16844570?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+Causes+%26+Control&rft.atitle=Cohort+mortality+and+nested+case-control+study+of+lung+cancer+among+structural+pest+control+workers+in+Florida+%28United+States%29&rft.au=Pesatori%2C+A+C%3BSontag%2C+J+M%3BLubin%2C+J+H%3BConsoni%2C+D%3BBlair%2C+A&rft.aulast=Pesatori&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=310&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+Causes+%26+Control&rft.issn=09575243&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, Florida; pesticides; occupational exposure; lung cancer; mortality; chemicals; lung; males; cancer; man ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relaxation of replication control in chaperone-independent initiator mutants of plasmid P1 AN - 16843069; 3564763 AB - Escherichia coli chaperones DnaJ, DnaK and GrpE increase P1 plasmid initiator binding to the origin by promoting initiator folding. The binding allows initiation and also promotes pairing of origins which is believed to control initiation frequency. Chaperone-independent DNA binding mutants are often defective in replication control. We show here that these mutants have increased rates of association for DNA binding and defects in origin pairing. The increases in association rates were found to be due either to increased protein folding into active forms or to increases in the association rate constant, k sub(on). Since the dissociation rate constants for DNA release with these mutants are not changed, it is unlikely that the DNA binding domain is affected. The pairing domain may thus control replication and modulate DNA binding. The role of the pairing domain in DNA binding can be significant in vivo as the selection for chaperone-independent binding favors pairing-defective mutants. JF - EMBO Journal AU - Mukhopadhyay, G AU - Sozhamannan, S AU - Chattoraj, D K AD - Lab. Biochem., NCI, 37/4D-18 NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 2089 EP - 2096 VL - 13 IS - 9 SN - 0261-4189, 0261-4189 KW - chaperone KW - DnaJ protein KW - DnaK protein KW - GpE protein KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids KW - protein folding KW - domains KW - mutants KW - replication KW - DNA KW - Escherichia coli KW - binding KW - J 02760:Plasmids KW - J 02727:Amino acids, peptides and proteins KW - N 14940:Nucleic acid-binding proteins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16843069?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=EMBO+Journal&rft.atitle=Relaxation+of+replication+control+in+chaperone-independent+initiator+mutants+of+plasmid+P1&rft.au=Mukhopadhyay%2C+G%3BSozhamannan%2C+S%3BChattoraj%2C+D+K&rft.aulast=Mukhopadhyay&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=2089&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=EMBO+Journal&rft.issn=02614189&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; mutants; DNA; binding; domains; protein folding; replication ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The long- and short-term effects of marriage on drinking AN - 16833974; 3772332 AB - Descriptive and multiple regression analyses of data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY), a longitudinal survey conducted annually since 1979, offer support for the many studies that demonstrate a relationship between marital status and alcohol consumption. Race, gender, history of heavy drinking, and alcoholic relatives were additional key variables utilized in the analysis. Data from this ongoing survey indicate that long-term marriage is associated with decreased drinking, except among women with a history of heavy drinking. Separation and divorce are not associated with long-term effects on current drinking. Divorce is associated with decreased drinking, at least in the short term, for men and women with a family history of alcoholism. JF - Journal of Substance Abuse AU - Harford, T C AU - Hanna, E Z AU - Faden, V B AD - Div. Biometry and Epidemiol., NIAAA, 6000 Executive Blvd., Suite 514, Rockville, MD 20892-7003, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 209 EP - 217 VL - 6 IS - 2 SN - 0899-3289, 0899-3289 KW - marital status KW - substance abuse KW - alcoholism KW - Risk Abstracts KW - genetics KW - ethnic groups KW - gender KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16833974?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Substance+Abuse&rft.atitle=The+long-+and+short-term+effects+of+marriage+on+drinking&rft.au=Harford%2C+T+C%3BHanna%2C+E+Z%3BFaden%2C+V+B&rft.aulast=Harford&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=209&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Substance+Abuse&rft.issn=08993289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - gender; ethnic groups; genetics ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Thermal inactivation of tryptophan synthase: Stabilization by protein-protein interaction and protein-ligand interaction AN - 16832846; 3562564 AB - This study investigates effects of ligands on thermal inactivation of the tryptophan synthase alpha and beta sub(2) subunits alone and in the alpha sub(2) beta sub(2) complex. Addition of pyridoxal phosphate to the apo- beta sub(2) subunit increases the temperature of one-half inactivation (T sub(i)) from 52 to 77 degree C. Ligands that promote association of the alpha and holo- beta sub(2) subunits markedly stabilize the more temperature-labile alpha subunit in the alpha sub(2) beta sub(2) complex from irreversible thermal denaturation. The combination of a beta sub(2) subunit ligand (L-serine) with an alpha subunit ligand ( alpha -glycerol 3-phosphate) raises the inactivation temperature (T sub(i)) of the alpha subunit in the holo- alpha sub(2) beta sub(2) complex from 54 to 66 degree C. In contrast, values of T sub(i) for inactivation of the alpha and beta subunits in the holo- alpha sub(2) beta sub(2) complex are more similar to respective values for the isolated alpha subunit (50 degree C) and holo- beta sub(2) subunit (77 degree C). Surprisingly, the addition of L-serine results in a larger decrease in the T sub(i) of the beta sub(2) subunit in the holo- alpha sub(2) beta sub(2) complex (78 degree C arrow right 64 degree C) than in T sub(i) of the holo- beta sub(2) subunit alone (77 degree C arrow right 71 degree C). The observation that ligands have different effects on the isolated and associated subunits provides evidence that the alpha and beta sub(2) subunits do not fully dissociate during thermal inactivation of the alpha sub(2) beta sub(2) complex at pH 7.8 and at similar to 0.1 ionic strength. Our results demonstrate that linkage between protein-ligand interactions and protein-protein interactions affects the conformational stability of the tryptophan synthase alpha sub(2) beta sub(2) complex. JF - Journal of Biological Chemistry AU - Ruvinov, S B AU - Miles, E W AD - Lab. Biochem. Pharmacol., NIDDK/NIH, Build. 8, Rm. 2A-09, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 11703 EP - 11706 VL - 269 IS - 16 SN - 0021-9258, 0021-9258 KW - tryptophan synthase KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - ligands KW - heat inactivation KW - interaction KW - conformation KW - Salmonella typhimurium KW - proteins KW - J 02728:Enzymes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16832846?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biological+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Thermal+inactivation+of+tryptophan+synthase%3A+Stabilization+by+protein-protein+interaction+and+protein-ligand+interaction&rft.au=Ruvinov%2C+S+B%3BMiles%2C+E+W&rft.aulast=Ruvinov&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=269&rft.issue=16&rft.spage=11703&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Biological+Chemistry&rft.issn=00219258&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella typhimurium; heat inactivation; conformation; proteins; ligands; interaction ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The use of interleukin-6 to generate tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes with enhanced in vivo antitumor activity AN - 16819561; 3766848 AB - Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) are cytotoxic T cells isolated from solid tumors and expanded in vitro in recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2). TIL have antitumor effects in murine models and in some patients with melanoma. In an effort to generate murine TIL with enhanced in vivo therapeutic efficacy, viable tumor cells were coinjected with a collagen matrix plus recombinant human IL-6 (rIL-6) subcutaneously into syngeneic mice to achieve sustained local concentrations of rIL-6 at the tumor site from which TIL were derived. In five separate experiments, single cell suspensions of tumors were admixed with either (a) Hanks' balanced salt solution (HBSS), (b) 2% (20 mg/ml) collagen matrix only, (c) 250 mu g rIL-6 only, or (d) 250 mu g rIL-6 in a 2% collagen matrix (prolonged release) before subcutaneous inoculation. These tumors were subsequently resected and TIL were isolated and expanded in vitro. TIL generated from tumors admixed with matrix plus rIL-6 were significantly more effective than TIL expanded from tumors admixed with HBSS (four of five experiments), TIL from tumors admixed with matrix only (five of five experiments), and TIL from tumors admixed with rIL-6 only (three of four experiments) in an established tumor treatment model. In no experiment was any other TIL culture superior to TIL grown from tumors augmented with collagen matrix plus rIL-6. These results suggest that strategies designed to increase the local concentrations of cytokines at tumor sites may lead to the generation of more potent TIL for clinical administration. JF - Journal of Immunotherapy AU - Marcus, S G AU - Perry-Lalley, D AU - Mule, J J AU - Rosenberg, SA AU - Yang, J C AD - Surg. Branch, NCI/NIH, 9000 Rockville Pike, Build. 10, Rm. 2B-42, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 105 EP - 112 VL - 15 IS - 2 SN - 1053-8550, 1053-8550 KW - mice KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts KW - adoptive immunotherapy KW - tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes KW - interleukin 6 KW - lymphocytes T KW - killer cells KW - F 06818:Cancer immunotherapy KW - W3 33150:Cytokine based KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16819561?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Immunotherapy&rft.atitle=The+use+of+interleukin-6+to+generate+tumor-infiltrating+lymphocytes+with+enhanced+in+vivo+antitumor+activity&rft.au=Marcus%2C+S+G%3BPerry-Lalley%2C+D%3BMule%2C+J+J%3BRosenberg%2C+SA%3BYang%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Marcus&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=105&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Immunotherapy&rft.issn=10538550&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - adoptive immunotherapy; tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes; lymphocytes T; interleukin 6; killer cells ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Is taxol a surrogate for a universal regulator of mitosis? AN - 16819270; 3764073 AB - Taxol is well recognized as an antitumor agent and a biochemical tool for studies of microtubules. A proposal is made that taxol is a surrogate for a key endogenous regulator of microtubules, which has the particular function of stabilizing the mitotic spindle. This proposal is based on evidence from the breadth of taxol activity across organisms, data supporting a highly conserved binding site for taxol, low-dose effects of taxol targeting the mitotic spindle, the restriction of the binding site to a highly conserved segment of B-tubulin, data on the biosynthesis and distribution of taxol, and the recent discovery of an anti-idiotype antibody with taxol-like activity. JF - In Vivo AU - Suffness, M AD - Devel. Ther. Program, Div. Cancer Treat., NCI/NIH, Rm. 832 Executive Plaza N., Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 867 EP - 878 VL - 8 IS - 5 SN - 0258-851X, 0258-851X KW - taxol KW - tubulin KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts KW - mitosis KW - microtubules KW - reviews KW - antiidiotypes KW - cell cycle KW - spindles KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W3 33390:Products: Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16819270?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=In+Vivo&rft.atitle=Is+taxol+a+surrogate+for+a+universal+regulator+of+mitosis%3F&rft.au=Suffness%2C+M&rft.aulast=Suffness&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=867&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=In+Vivo&rft.issn=0258851X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue on Behalf of the International Society for the Study of Comparative Oncology. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - mitosis; reviews; microtubules; antiidiotypes; cell cycle; spindles ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chemical mutagenesis testing in Drosophila AN - 16816404; 3547169 AB - Fifty chemicals were tested for mutagenic activity in post-meiotic and meiotic germ cells of male Drosophila melanogaster using the sex-linked recessive lethal (SLRL) assay. As in the previous studies in this series, feeding was chosen as the first route of administration. If the compound failed to induce mutations by this route, injection exposure was used. One gaseous chemical (1,3-butadiene) was tested only by inhalation. Those chemicals that were mutagenic in the sex-linked recessive lethal assay were further tested for the ability to induce reciprocal translocations. Eleven of the 50 chemicals tested were mutagenic in the SLRL assay. JF - Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis AU - Foureman, P AU - Mason, J M AU - Valencia, R AU - Zimmering, S AD - P.O. Box 12233, Cell. and Genet. Toxicol. Branch, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 51 EP - 63 VL - 23 IS - 1 SN - 0893-6692, 0893-6692 KW - Entomology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - mutagenicity KW - xenobiotics KW - Drosophila melanogaster KW - genotoxicity testing KW - G 07220:General theory/testing systems KW - Z 05215:Mutation KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16816404?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+and+Molecular+Mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Chemical+mutagenesis+testing+in+Drosophila&rft.au=Foureman%2C+P%3BMason%2C+J+M%3BValencia%2C+R%3BZimmering%2C+S&rft.aulast=Foureman&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=51&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+and+Molecular+Mutagenesis&rft.issn=08936692&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Drosophila melanogaster; xenobiotics; mutagenicity; genotoxicity testing ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Construction of a series of congenic mice with recombinant chromosome 1 regions surrounding the genetic loci for resistance to intracellular parasites (Ity, Lsh, and Bcg), DNA repair responses (Rep-1), and the cytoskeletal protein villin (Vil) AN - 16812018; 3554257 AB - The interval of mouse chromosome 1 extending from Idh-1 to Pep-3 harbors the natural resistance gene Ity/Lsh/Beg; it controls the outcome of infection with Salmonella typhimurium, Leishmania donovani, and several Mycobacterium species. This region also contains a DNA repair gene, Rep-1, which determines the rapidity with which double-strand breaks in chromatin are repaired. BALB/cAnPt and DBA/2N mice differ in their phenotypic expression of these genes. To generate appropriate strains of mice for the study of these genes, a series of 10 C.D2 congenic strains recombinant across a 28-centimorgan interval of mouse chromosome 1 extending from Idh-1 to Pep-3 were derived from crosses of the C.D2-Idh-1 Pep-3 congenic strain back to BALB/cAn. Analyses of these recombinant strains will allow the correlation of biological-immunological phenotypes with defined genetic regions. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Mock, BA AU - Holiday, D L AU - Cerretti, D P AU - Darnell, S C AU - O'Brien, AD AU - Potter, M AD - Lab. Genet., Build. 37, Rm. 2B-08, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 325 EP - 328 VL - 62 IS - 1 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - Beg gene KW - Ity gene KW - Lsh gene KW - mice KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - Leishmania donovani KW - Mycobacterium KW - genes KW - Salmonella typhimurium KW - DNA repair KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W3 33055:Genetic engineering (general) KW - G 07124:REPAIR UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16812018?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Construction+of+a+series+of+congenic+mice+with+recombinant+chromosome+1+regions+surrounding+the+genetic+loci+for+resistance+to+intracellular+parasites+%28Ity%2C+Lsh%2C+and+Bcg%29%2C+DNA+repair+responses+%28Rep-1%29%2C+and+the+cytoskeletal+protein+villin+%28Vil%29&rft.au=Mock%2C+BA%3BHoliday%2C+D+L%3BCerretti%2C+D+P%3BDarnell%2C+S+C%3BO%27Brien%2C+AD%3BPotter%2C+M&rft.aulast=Mock&rft.aufirst=BA&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=325&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - genes; DNA repair; Leishmania donovani; Mycobacterium; Salmonella typhimurium ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Isolation and characterization of a regulatory gene affecting rhamnolipid biosurfactant synthesis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa AN - 16810325; 3555499 AB - A mutant strain (65E12) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa that is unable to produce rhamnolipid biosurfactants and lacks rhamnosyltransferase activity was genetically complemented by using a P. aeruginosa PG201 wild-type gene library. A single complementing cosmid was isolated on the basis of surface tension measurements of subcultures of the transconjugants by using a sib selection strategy. The subcloning of the complementing cosmid clone yielded a 2-kb fragment capable of restoring rhamnolipid biosynthesis, rhamnosyltransferase activity, and utilization of hexadecane as a C source in mutant 65E12. The nucleotide sequence of the complementing 2-kb fragment was determined, and a single open reading frame (rhlR) of 723 bp specifying a putative 28-kDa protein (RhlR) was identified. Sequence homologies between the RhlR protein and some regulatory proteins such as LasR of P. aeruginosa, LuxR of Vibrio fischeri, RhiR of Rhizobium leguminosarum, and the putative activator 28-kDa UvrC of Escherichia coli suggest that the RhlR protein is a transcriptional activator. A putative target promoter which is regulated by the RhlR protein has been identified 2.5 kb upstream of the rhlR gene. Multiple plasmid-based rhlR gene copies had a stimulating effect on the growth of the P. aeruginosa wild-type strain in hexadecane-containing minimal medium, on rhamnolipid production, and on the production of pyocyanin chromophores. Disruption of the P. aeruginosa wild-type rhlR locus led to rhamnolipid-deficient mutant strains, thus confirming directly that this gene is necessary for rhamnolipid biosynthesis. Additionally, such PG201::'rhlR' mutant strains lacked elastase activity, indicating that the RhlR protein is a pleiotropic regulator. JF - Journal of Bacteriology AU - Ochsner, U A AU - Koch, A K AU - Fiechter, A AU - Reiser, J AD - NINDS/NIH, Build. 10, Rm. 4N309, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 2044 EP - 2054 VL - 176 IS - 7 SN - 0021-9193, 0021-9193 KW - RhlR protein KW - rhamnolipids KW - rhamnosyltransferase KW - rhlR gene KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids KW - nucleotide sequence KW - genes KW - amino acid sequence KW - mutation KW - prediction KW - Pseudomonas aeruginosa KW - synthesis KW - activity KW - N 14640:Structure & sequence KW - W2 32060:Microorganisms KW - G 07321:GENERAL KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16810325?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.atitle=Isolation+and+characterization+of+a+regulatory+gene+affecting+rhamnolipid+biosurfactant+synthesis+in+Pseudomonas+aeruginosa&rft.au=Ochsner%2C+U+A%3BKoch%2C+A+K%3BFiechter%2C+A%3BReiser%2C+J&rft.aulast=Ochsner&rft.aufirst=U&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=176&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=2044&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.issn=00219193&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - nucleotide sequence; amino acid sequence; genes; mutation; prediction; synthesis; activity; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Selenophosphate synthetase: Enzyme properties and catalytic reaction AN - 16806580; 3555589 AB - Selenophosphate synthetase, the product of the selD gene, produces the biologically active selenium donor compound, monoselenophosphate, from ATP and selenide. Isolation of the enzyme and characterization of some of its physical and catalytic properties are described. Magnesium ion and a monovalent cation, K super(+), NH sub(4) super(+), or Rb super(+), are required for catalytic activity. Polyphosphates and other common nucleotide triphosphates do not replace ATP as substrate. The stoichiometry of the catalytic reaction (Reaction 1) was established using super(31)P NMR, anaerobic molecular sieve chromatography, and radiochemical labeling procedures. In the absence of selenide, ATP is converted completely to AMP and orthophosphate upon prolonged incubation with elevated levels of enzyme. AMP is a competitive inhibitor of ATP, K sub(i) = 170 mu M, whereas selenophosphate and orthophosphate are weak inhibitors indicating a multistep reaction. Attempts to obtain direct evidence for a postulated enzyme-pyrophosphate intermediate using several experimental approaches are described. No exchange of [ super(14)C]AMP with ATP could be detected after the enzyme was freed of traces of contaminating adenylate kinase by chromatography on phenyl-Sepharose. JF - Journal of Biological Chemistry AU - Veres, Z AU - Kim, Ick Young AU - Scholz, T D AU - Stadtman, T C AD - Lab. Biochem., NHLBI, NIH, Build. 3, Rm. 108, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 10597 EP - 10603 VL - 269 IS - 14 SN - 0021-9258, 0021-9258 KW - selenophosphate synthase KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Escherichia coli KW - enzymatic activity KW - stoichiometry KW - kinetics KW - J 02728:Enzymes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16806580?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biological+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Selenophosphate+synthetase%3A+Enzyme+properties+and+catalytic+reaction&rft.au=Veres%2C+Z%3BKim%2C+Ick+Young%3BScholz%2C+T+D%3BStadtman%2C+T+C&rft.aulast=Veres&rft.aufirst=Z&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=269&rft.issue=14&rft.spage=10597&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Biological+Chemistry&rft.issn=00219258&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; enzymatic activity; kinetics; stoichiometry ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risk of other cancers following Kaposi's sarcoma: Relation to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome AN - 16786534; 3541105 AB - To evaluate the risk of another cancer among persons who initially developed Kaposi's sarcoma, the authors used data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program of the National Cancer Institute for the years 1973-1990. In persons under 70 years of age, 4,946 cases of Kaposi's sarcoma were observed during the period 1980-1990 (6,217 person-years of follow-up). On the basis of rates seen during the period prior to the epidemic of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), 169 cases were expected. Therefore, cases of Kaposi's sarcoma in this group were assumed to be AIDS-related, while cases occurring in older persons or during the 1970s were assumed to be non-AIDS-related. Rates were compared with the numbers of cases expected overall and by site on the basis of age-, sex-, and calendar year-specific rates from the SEER data. Among the 4,946 persons with AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma, the risk of developing non-Hodgkin's lymphoma through 1990 was increased 198-fold (95% confidence interval 169-232). However, the risk of all other cancers was only marginally increased (1.5-fold; 95% confidence interval 0.95-2.3), a risk that was probably biased upward because of ascertainment and misclassification. Among 491 persons with non-AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma, the relative risk of all cancers, including non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, was 0.9 (upper 95% confidence limit 1.2), and the risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma alone was 0.6 (upper 95% confidence limit 3.3). As of 1990, the risk of having another cancer following Kaposi's sarcoma was increased only in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus, who were at high risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma but probably not of other cancers as a whole. JF - American Journal of Epidemiology AU - Biggar, R J AU - Curtis, R E AU - Cote, T R AU - Rabkin, C S AU - Melbye, M AD - NCI/NIH, Executive Plaza N., Rm. 434, 6130 Executive Blvd., Rockville, MD 20852, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 362 EP - 368 VL - 139 IS - 4 SN - 0002-9262, 0002-9262 KW - risks KW - Kaposi's sarcoma KW - neoplasm KW - colorectal KW - Risk Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - epidemiology KW - risk assessment KW - acquired immune deficiency syndrome KW - V 22005:AIDS: Epidemiological aspects KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16786534?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Epidemiology&rft.atitle=Risk+of+other+cancers+following+Kaposi%27s+sarcoma%3A+Relation+to+acquired+immunodeficiency+syndrome&rft.au=Biggar%2C+R+J%3BCurtis%2C+R+E%3BCote%2C+T+R%3BRabkin%2C+C+S%3BMelbye%2C+M&rft.aulast=Biggar&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=139&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=362&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Epidemiology&rft.issn=00029262&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - acquired immune deficiency syndrome; epidemiology; risk assessment; risks; Kaposi's sarcoma; colorectal ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cigarette smoking and pancreas cancer: a case - control study based on direct interviews AN - 16781682; 3740198 AB - Cigarette smoking is the most consistently reported risk factor for pancreas cancer, yet the dose-response relationship in many pancreas cancer studies is weak. Because of the poor prognosis for pancreas cancer, many case-control studies have been based largely on interviews with proxy respondents, who are known to report less reliable information on detailed smoking habits than original subjects. Our purpose was to evaluate cigarette smoking as a risk factor for pancreas cancer based on data obtained only from direct interviews and to estimate the effects of quitting smoking and of switching from nonfiltered to filtered cigarettes on risk. Our objective also was to estimate the contribution of cigarette smoking toward explaining the higher pancreas cancer incidence experienced by black Americans compared with white Americans. JF - Journal of the National Cancer Institute AU - Silverman, D T AU - Dunn, JA AU - Hoover, R N AU - Schiffman, M AU - Lillemoe, K D AU - Schoenberg, J B AU - Brown, L M AU - Greenberg, R S AU - Hayes, R B AU - Swanson, G M AU - Wacholder, S AU - Schwartz, A G AU - Liff, J M AU - Pottern, L M AD - Epidemiol. and Biostatistics Program, Div. Cancer Etiol., NCI, Bethesda, MD, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1510 EP - 1516 VL - 86 IS - 20 SN - 0027-8874, 0027-8874 KW - pancreas KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - cigarette smoking KW - cancer KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - H SM10.21:CANCER UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16781682?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+National+Cancer+Institute&rft.atitle=Cigarette+smoking+and+pancreas+cancer%3A+a+case+-+control+study+based+on+direct+interviews&rft.au=Silverman%2C+D+T%3BDunn%2C+JA%3BHoover%2C+R+N%3BSchiffman%2C+M%3BLillemoe%2C+K+D%3BSchoenberg%2C+J+B%3BBrown%2C+L+M%3BGreenberg%2C+R+S%3BHayes%2C+R+B%3BSwanson%2C+G+M%3BWacholder%2C+S%3BSchwartz%2C+A+G%3BLiff%2C+J+M%3BPottern%2C+L+M&rft.aulast=Silverman&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=20&rft.spage=1510&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+National+Cancer+Institute&rft.issn=00278874&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - cigarette smoking; cancer ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Absence of changes in metallothionein RNA in the rat testes made refractory to cadmium toxicity by zinc pretreatment AN - 16780871; 3541593 AB - Testicular toxicity and interstitial cell tumours induced by cadmium are prevented by zinc or by low dose cadmium pretreatments. The mechanism of this tolerance is unknown, though metallothionein (MT) is thought to play a role in tissue resistance to cadmium toxicity. Thus, the possible involvement of the testicular MT gene in metal-induced tolerance to cadmium toxicity was studied. Rats were pretreated with zinc (1.0 mmol kg super(-1), s.c.). Histological examination of the testes indicated such pretreatments prevented the necrotizing effects of subsequent doses of cadmium (20 mu mol kg super(-1), s.c.) administered 24 h later. RNA was extracted from testes or liver 24 h after zinc pretreatment, and analysed by the slot blot technique using the p2A10 cDNA probe to the MT gene. Zinc pretreatment had little effect on MT RNA in the testes, and such pretreatments did not alter testicular cadmium-binding protein capacity. In contrast, RNAs derived from livers of zinc pretreated rats showed marked increases in MT RNA and MT protein. JF - Human & Experimental Toxicology AU - Wahba, Z Z AU - Miller AU - Waalkes, M P AD - Lab. Comp. Carcinog.,NCI, Frederick Cancer Res. and Dev. Cent., Build. 538, Room 205E, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 65 EP - 67 VL - 13 IS - 1 SN - 0144-5952, 0144-5952 KW - cadmium KW - zinc KW - metallothionein KW - rats KW - heavy metals KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - RNA KW - testes KW - X 24165:Biochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16780871?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+%26+Experimental+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Absence+of+changes+in+metallothionein+RNA+in+the+rat+testes+made+refractory+to+cadmium+toxicity+by+zinc+pretreatment&rft.au=Wahba%2C+Z+Z%3BMiller%3BWaalkes%2C+M+P&rft.aulast=Wahba&rft.aufirst=Z&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=65&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Human+%26+Experimental+Toxicology&rft.issn=01445952&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - RNA; testes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A study of the gender differences in morbidity among individuals diagnosed with alcohol abuse and/or dependence AN - 16779371; 3740118 AB - The majority of studies on medical consequences of excessive alcohol consumption have been carried out with male subjects, mostly from clinical or hospitalized samples. The purpose of this report was to study differences in morbidity outcomes of men and women among respondents diagnosed with alcohol abuse and/or dependence. Utilizing data from the 1988 National Health Interview Survey, this study compared several indicators of physical morbidity among male and female respondents meeting the criteria for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III-R; American Psychiatric Association, 1987) alcohol abuse and/or dependence. The results revealed complete gender differences, not all of which can be explained by differences in sociodemographic characteristics or drinking practices. Moreover, the results indicated that it is inadequate to generalize results based on morbidity data of men with alcohol abuse and/or dependence to their female counterparts or female drinkers. Implications of these findings are discussed. JF - Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment AU - Chou, S P AU - Dawson, DA AD - Div. Biometry and Epidemiol., NIAAA, Suite 514, 6000 Executive Blvd., Bethesda, MD 20892-7003, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 381 EP - 392 VL - 6 IS - 4 SN - 0899-3289, 0899-3289 KW - alcoholism KW - man KW - sex differences KW - substance abuse KW - ethanol KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - gender KW - morbidity KW - H SE4.26:DRUGS AND ALCOHOL KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - X 24180:Social poisons & drug abuse UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16779371?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Substance+Abuse+Treatment&rft.atitle=A+study+of+the+gender+differences+in+morbidity+among+individuals+diagnosed+with+alcohol+abuse+and%2For+dependence&rft.au=Chou%2C+S+P%3BDawson%2C+DA&rft.aulast=Chou&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=381&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Substance+Abuse+Treatment&rft.issn=08993289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - morbidity; ethanol; gender; alcoholism; man; sex differences ER - TY - JOUR T1 - FptA, the Fe(III)-pyochelin receptor of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: A phenolate siderophore receptor homologous to hydroxamate siderophore receptors AN - 16779327; 3536301 AB - The Pseudomonas aeruginosa siderophore pyochelin is structurally unique among siderophores and possesses neither hydroxamate- nor catecholate-chelating groups. The structural gene encoding the 75-kDa outer membrane Fe(III)-pyochelin receptor FptA has been isolated by plasmid rescue techniques and sequenced. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the isolated FptA protein corresponded to that deduced from the nucleotide sequence of the fptA structural gene. The mature FptA protein has 682 amino acids and a molecular mass of 75,993 Da and has considerable overall homology with the hydroxamate siderophore receptors FpvA of P. aeruginosa, PupA and PupB of Pseudomonas putida, and FhuE of Escherichia coli. This observation indicates that homologies between siderophore receptors are an unreliable predictor of siderophore ligand class recognition by a given receptor. The fptA gene was strongly regulated by iron; fptA transcription was totally repressed by 30 mu M FeCl sub(3), as determined by Northern (RNA) blotting. The promoter of the fptA gene contained the sequence 5'-ATAATGATAAGCATTATC-3', which matches the consensus E. coli Fur-binding site at 17 of 18 positions. The -10 promoter region and transcriptional start site of the fptA gene reside within this Fur-binding site. JF - Journal of Bacteriology AU - Ankenbauer, R G AU - Quan, H N AD - Lab. Microb. Struct. Funct., Rocky Mountain Lab., NIAID, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 307 EP - 319 VL - 176 IS - 2 SN - 0021-9193, 0021-9193 KW - fptA gene KW - FptA protein KW - Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - genes KW - receptors KW - siderophores KW - nucleotide sequence KW - gene regulation KW - Pseudomonas aeruginosa KW - J 02732:Other cell constituents and metabolites KW - G 07321:GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16779327?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.atitle=FptA%2C+the+Fe%28III%29-pyochelin+receptor+of+Pseudomonas+aeruginosa%3A+A+phenolate+siderophore+receptor+homologous+to+hydroxamate+siderophore+receptors&rft.au=Potter%2C+W+Z%3BKetter%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=Potter&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1993-04-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=3+Suppl+2&rft.spage=S51&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+journal+of+psychiatry.+Revue+canadienne+de+psychiatrie&rft.issn=07067437&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pseudomonas aeruginosa; genes; nucleotide sequence; gene regulation; siderophores; receptors ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Promoter switch in the Escherichia coli pts operon AN - 16776761; 3536473 AB - The ptsH operon of Escherichia coli is controlled by two promoters P0 and P1, each of which is regulated by cyclic AMP receptor protein (CRP) complexed with cAMP (CRP-cAMP). We have studied the in vitro as well as in vivo transcriptional regulation of these two promoters. Each promoter exhibits a switching mechanism in vitro, where, depending upon the presence or absence of CRP-cAMP, transcription is initiated from different start sites termed a and b. PO (POa) is affected by supercoiling: when the template is linear, transcription initiation is switched to a site 3 base pairs upstream (POb) and becomes more CRP-cAMP dependent. Transcription from the P1 promoter (P1a) switches initiation sites to 7 base pairs downstream (P1b) in the presence of CRP-cAMP. Most transcription in vivo was from P1a, and POb could not be detected in vivo. Glucose has independent positive effects on pts expression in vivo. The results indicate that the two different regulatory mechanisms (one through CRP-cAMP, the other through glucose) are working together for fine control of pts expression. JF - Journal of Biological Chemistry AU - Ryu, S AU - Garges, S AD - Lab. Mol. Biol., Build. 37, Rm. 2E06, NCI/NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 4767 EP - 4772 VL - 269 IS - 7 SN - 0021-9258, 0021-9258 KW - ptsH operon KW - phosphoenolpyruvate-glucose phosphotransferase KW - switch KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids KW - operons KW - Escherichia coli KW - promoters KW - N 14555:Miscellaneous KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16776761?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biological+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Promoter+switch+in+the+Escherichia+coli+pts+operon&rft.au=Ryu%2C+S%3BGarges%2C+S&rft.aulast=Ryu&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=269&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=4767&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Biological+Chemistry&rft.issn=00219258&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; operons; promoters ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Treatment with intralesional granulocyte instillations and interferon- gamma for a patient with chronic granulomatous disease and multiple hepatic abscesses AN - 16760248; 3730376 AB - We present the case of a 16-year-old girl with p22 super(phox)-deficient chronic granulomatous disease in whom multiple hepatic abscesses secondary to Staphylococcus aureus infection developed. Infection persisted despite extensive surgery and aggressive antibiotic therapy. Conventional intravenous granulocyte transfusions were not tolerated because of the development of alloantibodies to HLA. Treatment with interferon- gamma and intralesional granulocyte infusions was associated with dramatic clinical and radiographic improvement. No morbidity was associated with this therapy. To our knowledge, this is the first report of treatment with intralesional granulocyte instillations. Intralesional granulocyte instillation in association with interferon- gamma administration may result in clinical improvement in the conditions of patients with chronic granulomatous disease and hepatic abscesses for whom conventional therapy has failed. JF - Clinical Infectious Diseases AU - Lekstrom-Himes, JA AU - Holland, S M AU - DeCarlo, E S AU - Miller, J AU - Leitman, S F AU - Chang, R AU - Baker, A R AU - Gallin, JI AD - NIAID/NIH, Build. 10, Rm. 11N228, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 770 EP - 773 VL - 19 IS - 4 SN - 1058-4838, 1058-4838 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts KW - chronic granulomatous disease KW - infusion KW - case reports KW - gamma -interferon KW - leukocytes (granulocytic) KW - liver KW - Staphylococcus aureus KW - abscesses KW - man KW - F 06773:Interferons KW - W3 33150:Cytokine based KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16760248?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=Treatment+with+intralesional+granulocyte+instillations+and+interferon-+gamma+for+a+patient+with+chronic+granulomatous+disease+and+multiple+hepatic+abscesses&rft.au=Lekstrom-Himes%2C+JA%3BHolland%2C+S+M%3BDeCarlo%2C+E+S%3BMiller%2C+J%3BLeitman%2C+S+F%3BChang%2C+R%3BBaker%2C+A+R%3BGallin%2C+JI&rft.aulast=Lekstrom-Himes&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=770&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+Infectious+Diseases&rft.issn=10584838&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - chronic granulomatous disease; case reports; infusion; leukocytes (granulocytic); gamma -interferon; liver; man; abscesses; Staphylococcus aureus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Human monoclonal antibodies heterogeneously express a human cross-reactive idiotype associated with immune function in Schistosoma japonicum infection AN - 16751203; 3725329 AB - Hybridomas secreting human monoclonal antibodies (hMAb) were derived from Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) transformed lymphocytes of a patient with acute Schistosoma japonicum infection. Three IgG1 hMAb SJ-D, SJ-E, and SJ-F bind soluble egg antigens (SEA) as determined by ELISA. These hMAb exhibit identical western blot profiles, recognizing an epitope(s) of multiple antigens with apparent molecular weights between 42 and 75 kDa. Serological analysis of these hMAb revealed a heterogeneity in their expression of a specific human S. japonicum anti-SEA associated cross reactive idiotype designated Hu SJ-CRI sub(M). The differential expression of idiotypy by these hMAb correlates with immunosuppression of blastogenesis of lymphocytes from schistosomiasis patients. The level of suppression mediated by hMAb expressing high levels of Hu SJ-CRI sub(M) ranged from 41% to 52% for antigen and 36% to 43% for mitogen. In contrast, hMAb SJ-D which expressed over two fold lower levels Hu SR-CRI sub(M), on a per weight basis showed no suppressive immune function. The data show the heterogeneous expression of human idiotype associated with S. japonicum infection and the correlation of idiotype expression with immune function. JF - Human Antibodies AU - Wisnewski, A V AU - Olds, G R AU - Kresina, T F AD - NIDDK/NIH, Rm. 6AN 12A, 45. Cent. Dr. MSC6600, Bethesda, MD 20892-6600, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 178 EP - 182 VL - 5 IS - 3-4 SN - 0956-860X, 0956-860X KW - soluble egg antigens KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts KW - infectious diseases KW - immunoglobulin G KW - ova KW - idiotypes KW - monoclonal antibodies KW - man KW - Schistosoma japonicum KW - enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - W3 33375:Antibodies KW - F 06711:Monoclonal antibodies, hybridomas, antigens and antisera KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16751203?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+Antibodies&rft.atitle=Human+monoclonal+antibodies+heterogeneously+express+a+human+cross-reactive+idiotype+associated+with+immune+function+in+Schistosoma+japonicum+infection&rft.au=Wisnewski%2C+A+V%3BOlds%2C+G+R%3BKresina%2C+T+F&rft.aulast=Wisnewski&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=178&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Human+Antibodies&rft.issn=0956860X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - infectious diseases; immunoglobulin G; ova; idiotypes; monoclonal antibodies; man; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Schistosoma japonicum ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of branched DNA signal amplification to monitor human immunodeficiency virus type 1 burden in human plasma AN - 16739038; 3719588 AB - A branched DNA (bDNA)-based quantitation of plasma human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA was used to monitor the virologic status of 102 patients (29-906 CD4 cells/mm super(3)) enrolled in clinical trials of antiretroviral and immune-based therapies. Virion-associated RNA was measurable in plasma of 74% of patients tested (10,000-10,000,000 RNA equivalents/mL). Virus levels measured by the bDNA assay exceeded titers obtained by quantitative plasma culture and were inversely correlated with total CD4 cell counts. The assay was used to demonstrate a significant decline (mean, 5-fold; range, 0- to 30-fold), relative to pretreatment, in virus load after beginning antiviral therapy and a transient increase (mean, 15-fold; range, 2- to 50-fold) after treatment with interleukin-2. The decrease in RNA was more dramatic than changes in serum p24 antigen. The bDNA assay yields reproducible results, is relatively easy, and should be useful in measuring HIV-1 RNA in patients in clinical trials. JF - Journal of Infectious Diseases AU - Dewar, R L AU - Highbarger, H C AU - Sarmiento, MD AU - Todd, JA AU - Vasudevachari, M B AU - Davey, RT Jr AU - Kovacs, JA AU - Salzman, N P AU - Lane, H C AU - Urdea AD - NCI, Frederick Cancer Res. and Dev. Cent., Build. 550, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21701, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1172 EP - 1179 VL - 170 IS - 6 SN - 0022-1899, 0022-1899 KW - signal amplification KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - RNA KW - human immunodeficiency virus 1 KW - virions KW - DNA KW - man KW - acquired immune deficiency syndrome KW - V 22002:AIDS: Molecular and in vitro aspects KW - N 14610:Occurrence, isolation & assay KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W3 33180:Gene based (protocols, clinical trials, and animal models) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16739038?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=Application+of+branched+DNA+signal+amplification+to+monitor+human+immunodeficiency+virus+type+1+burden+in+human+plasma&rft.au=Dewar%2C+R+L%3BHighbarger%2C+H+C%3BSarmiento%2C+MD%3BTodd%2C+JA%3BVasudevachari%2C+M+B%3BDavey%2C+RT+Jr%3BKovacs%2C+JA%3BSalzman%2C+N+P%3BLane%2C+H+C%3BUrdea&rft.aulast=Dewar&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=170&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1172&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Infectious+Diseases&rft.issn=00221899&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - RNA; virions; DNA; man; acquired immune deficiency syndrome; human immunodeficiency virus 1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Agreement between death certificate and autopsy diagnoses among atomic bomb survivors AN - 16736405; 3521387 AB - Based on the Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission/Radiation Effects Research Foundation series of over 5,000 autopsies, we examined death certificate accuracy for 12 disease categories and assessed the effect of potential modifying factors on agreement and accuracy. The overall percentage agreement between death certificate and autopsy diagnoses was only 52.5%. Although neoplasms had the highest detection rate, almost 25% of cancers diagnosed at autopsy were nevertheless missed on death certificates. Confirmation and detection rates were above 70% for neoplasms and external causes of death only. Confirmation rates were between 50 and 70% for infectious diseases and heart and other vascular diseases. Detection rates reached a similar level for infectious, cerebrovascular, and digestive diseases. Specificity rates were above 90% for all except the cerebrovascular disease category. Overall agreement decreased with increasing age at death and was worse for deaths occurring outside of hospital. There was some suggestion that agreement improved over time, but no indication that radiation dose, sex, city of residence, or inclusion in a biennial clinical examination program influenced agreement. JF - Epidemiology AU - Ron, E AU - Carter, R AU - Jablon, S AU - Mabuchi, K AD - Radiat. Epidemiol. Branch, NCI/NIH, EPN-408, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 48 EP - 56 VL - 5 IS - 1 SN - 1044-3983, 1044-3983 KW - survivors KW - death certificates KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - diagnosis KW - atomic bombs KW - autopsy KW - man KW - X 24210:Radiation & radioactive materials UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16736405?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Epidemiology&rft.atitle=Agreement+between+death+certificate+and+autopsy+diagnoses+among+atomic+bomb+survivors&rft.au=Ron%2C+E%3BCarter%2C+R%3BJablon%2C+S%3BMabuchi%2C+K&rft.aulast=Ron&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=48&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Epidemiology&rft.issn=10443983&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - atomic bombs; autopsy; diagnosis; man ER - TY - JOUR T1 - T-cell receptor repertoire in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Analysis of melanoma-specific long-term lines AN - 16733811; 3718633 AB - Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs) can be isolated from human melanoma biopsies that specifically lyse autologous melanoma in vitro and can be effective therapeutic agents for patients with advanced disease. Recent evidence indicates that HLA-A2-restricted, melanoma-specific tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) recognize melanomas obtained from different HLA-A2 super(+) patients, suggesting the presence of one or more common melanoma antigens. Furthermore, T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire analysis by other groups of TILs from fresh melanoma biopsies suggests that there is limited TCR V gene usage in TILs. One serious limitation in analyzing the TCR repertoire in fresh tumors has been the inability to correlate TCR usage with immune function. Therefore, the TCR repertoire was determined in long-term TIL cultures that specifically lysed autologous melanoma in vitro and in many cases mediated in vivo regression of metastatic cancer in patients with advanced disease. The TCR repertoire in cultured melanoma-specific TILs was diverse, with each TIL containing an average of 9.5 plus or minus 5.7 of the 23 V alpha and 11.2 plus or minus 5.9 of the 23 V beta subfamilies. Despite the large diversity observed, several V alpha and V beta genes (V alpha 1, V alpha 2, V alpha 22, V beta 13, V beta 14, and V beta 18) are very commonly found in melanoma-specific TILs. No statistically significant associations were observed between the presence of a TCR V gene subfamily in TILs and clinical response, HLA haplotype, or age of the culture. Even though the results in this study suggest that certain TCR V gene segments may be involved in immune responses to human melanoma, we were unable to demonstrate functionally that a particular T-cell clonotype recognizes melanoma tumor-associated antigens. Only the analysis of melanoma-specific CTL clones can determine which clonotypes are important in lysis of human melanoma. JF - Journal of Immunotherapy AU - Nishimura, MI AU - Kawakami, Y AU - Charmley, P AU - O'Neil, B AU - Shilyansky, J AU - Yannelli, J R AU - Rosenberg, SA AU - Hood, L AD - Surg. Branch, NCI, Build. 10, Rm. 2B04, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 85 EP - 94 VL - 16 IS - 2 SN - 1053-8550, 1053-8550 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts KW - T-cell receptor KW - lymphocytes T KW - infiltration KW - tumors KW - melanoma KW - man KW - F 06818:Cancer immunotherapy KW - W3 33170:Cellular based KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16733811?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Immunotherapy&rft.atitle=T-cell+receptor+repertoire+in+tumor-infiltrating+lymphocytes.+Analysis+of+melanoma-specific+long-term+lines&rft.au=Nishimura%2C+MI%3BKawakami%2C+Y%3BCharmley%2C+P%3BO%27Neil%2C+B%3BShilyansky%2C+J%3BYannelli%2C+J+R%3BRosenberg%2C+SA%3BHood%2C+L&rft.aulast=Nishimura&rft.aufirst=MI&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=85&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Immunotherapy&rft.issn=10538550&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - T-cell receptor; lymphocytes T; infiltration; tumors; melanoma; man ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prevention of HIV/AIDS with vaccines AN - 16732400; 3714952 AB - HIV vaccines are urgently needed to help control the relentlessly expanding epidemic. However, the development of a safe and effective vaccine for this rapidly mutating virus which produces life-long infection is elusive. Feasibility of HIV vaccination has been demonstrated by challenge studies in primates and by the presence of neutralizing antibodies which confer passive protection and can be detected in vitro. Given safety considerations, the first vaccines developed have been recombinant subunit vaccines consisting of viral envelope antigens formulated with adjuvants or incorporated into live vectors, such as vaccinia and avipox. Subunit envelope vaccines have proven to be safe and immunogenic in human phase I trials. Two gp120 subunit products are being considered for phase III trials based on ongoing evaluation of data from a phase II trial, primate-challenge studies, and laboratory studies evaluating the breadth, magnitude, and duration of immunogenic responses, including neutralization against recent isolates. Efficacy trials will be large and complex, involving people at high behavioral risk for infection. Baseline studies with recruitment goals of over 10 000 people are being sponsored in the USA, with many additional vaccine preparedness studies being sponsored in developing nations by international and national authorities. Because high-risk populations will be recruited for trials of many year's duration, new approaches to trial design and community participation will be needed in order for these trials to succeed. Systems must be in place to ensure that trial participants receive preventive counseling and services to minimize discrimination from vaccine-related seroconversions. Here we document the urgent need for HIV vaccines, provide a brief preclinical and clinical update, and present the plans and considerations for testing HIV vaccine efficacy. JF - Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases AU - Vermund, SH AU - Schultz, A M AU - Hoff, R AD - Div. AIDS, NIAID/NIH, 6003 Exec. Blvd.-Rm 2A42, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 82 EP - 94 VL - 7 IS - 1 SN - 0951-7375, 0951-7375 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - vaccines KW - safety KW - human immunodeficiency virus KW - infection KW - efficacy KW - disease control KW - W3 33365:Vaccines (other) KW - V 22003:AIDS: Immunological aspects KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16732400?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Opinion+in+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=Prevention+of+HIV%2FAIDS+with+vaccines&rft.au=Vermund%2C+SH%3BSchultz%2C+A+M%3BHoff%2C+R&rft.aulast=Vermund&rft.aufirst=SH&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=82&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+Opinion+in+Infectious+Diseases&rft.issn=09517375&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - vaccines; safety; infection; efficacy; disease control; human immunodeficiency virus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enhanced interleukin-2 production in human tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes engineered by 3'-truncated interleukin-2 gene AN - 16732006; 3718727 AB - Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), T lymphocytes associated with solid tumors that can be grown with interleukin (IL)-2 in vitro, preferentially accumulate at tumor sites after adoptive transfer. Therefore, TILs can be considered for use as cellular vehicles in gene therapy. We transduced melanoma TILs with the IL-2 gene and clarified functional characteristics of the TIL transductants. TILs transduced with 3'-end-truncated IL-2 gene (480 bp) produced high amounts of IL-2 detected in supernatants when compared to TILs transduced with the native IL-2 gene containing 3'-end adenine-thymidine (AT)-rich sequences (650 bp). The level of IL-2 in supernatants was higher with the addition of anti-Tac antibody (Ab) to block the consumption of IL-2 by the TILs. These TILs could proliferate autonomously in the absence of exogenous IL-2, and the proliferation of TILs could be completely blocked by anti-IL-2 Ab or anti-IL-2 receptor Ab. Thus TILs transduced with IL-2 gene can proliferate through the autocrine loop. However, the expression of IL-2 from TILs transduced with the IL-2 gene was downregulated after 2 to 3 weeks of G418 selection. Our study indicates the feasibility of transduction and expression of a truncated 480-bp IL-2 gene into TILs and the possibility of employing adoptive immunotherapy protocols using TILs modified with this IL-2 gene. JF - Journal of Immunotherapy AU - Yamaue, H AU - Kashmiri, SVS AU - De Filippi, R AU - Nieroda, C AU - Yannelli, J R AU - Tsang, Kwong Y AU - Schlom, J AD - Lab. Tumor Immunol. and Biol., NCI/NIH, Build. 10, Rm. 8B07, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 262 EP - 274 VL - 16 IS - 4 SN - 1053-8550, 1053-8550 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts KW - interleukin 2 KW - adoptive immunotherapy KW - lymphocytes T KW - cloning vectors KW - genes KW - infiltration KW - tumors KW - man KW - F 06818:Cancer immunotherapy KW - W3 33150:Cytokine based KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16732006?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Immunotherapy&rft.atitle=Enhanced+interleukin-2+production+in+human+tumor-infiltrating+lymphocytes+engineered+by+3%27-truncated+interleukin-2+gene&rft.au=Yamaue%2C+H%3BKashmiri%2C+SVS%3BDe+Filippi%2C+R%3BNieroda%2C+C%3BYannelli%2C+J+R%3BTsang%2C+Kwong+Y%3BSchlom%2C+J&rft.aulast=Yamaue&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=262&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Immunotherapy&rft.issn=10538550&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - interleukin 2; adoptive immunotherapy; lymphocytes T; cloning vectors; infiltration; genes; tumors; man ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enhanced immune responses and anti-tumor activity by baculovirus recombinant carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in mice primed with the recombinant vaccinia CEA AN - 16730249; 3718735 AB - Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), a glycosylated protein of Mr 180, is one of the most widely studied oncofetal antigens. A majority of gastrointestinal cancers as well as breast and non-small-cell lung carcinomas express CEA. CEA thus represents a potential target for immunotherapy of several carcinoma types. A recombinant vaccinia-CEA virus (rV-CEA) was previously shown to induce anti-tumor activity in an experimental murine model after three rV-CEA inoculations. However, because the majority of cancer patients have received a previous smallpox vaccination, a long-lasting immune memory and/or induced anamnestic responses against vaccinia proteins may prevent repetitive boosting with the recombinant vaccinia virus expressing CEA. Therefore, other types of vaccines may be required to boost the anti-CEA immune response: one such schema would be the use of purified CEA as a boost in hosts given one administration of rV-CEA. Commercially available sources of CEA are usually derived from liver metastases extracts and are sometimes contaminated with nonspecific cross-reactive antigen. We have previously generated a recombinant source of full-length human CEA using a baculovirus expression system (bV-CEA). bV-CEA was shown to be glycosylated CEA (nCEA). Moreover, bV-CEA was able to induce a humoral response against CEA present on human colorectal cancer cell lines. We have investigated here the effectiveness of bV-CEA and nCEA to boost both humoral and T-cell responses after a primary vaccination with the recombinant CEA vaccinia vaccine. The results indicate that the combination immunization regimen based on priming with rV-CEA followed by a bV-CEA boost is superior in the induction of immune responses and anti-tumor activity than using bV-CEA alone or one inoculation of rV-CEA as vaccine. The studies reported here thus provide evidence for the use of bV-CEA as a boost following primary immunization with rV-CEA. JF - Journal of Immunotherapy AU - Bei, R AU - Kantor, J AU - Kashmiri, SVS AU - Abrams, S AU - Schlom, J AD - Lab. Tumor Immunol. and Biol., NCI/NIH, Build. 10, Rm. 8B07, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 275 EP - 282 VL - 16 IS - 4 SN - 1053-8550, 1053-8550 KW - mice KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts KW - vaccinia virus KW - cloning vectors KW - carcinoembryonic antigen KW - immune response KW - man KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - F 06814:Tumor antigens KW - W3 33180:Gene based (protocols, clinical trials, and animal models) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16730249?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Immunotherapy&rft.atitle=Enhanced+immune+responses+and+anti-tumor+activity+by+baculovirus+recombinant+carcinoembryonic+antigen+%28CEA%29+in+mice+primed+with+the+recombinant+vaccinia+CEA&rft.au=Bei%2C+R%3BKantor%2C+J%3BKashmiri%2C+SVS%3BAbrams%2C+S%3BSchlom%2C+J&rft.aulast=Bei&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=275&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Immunotherapy&rft.issn=10538550&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - cloning vectors; carcinoembryonic antigen; immune response; man; vaccinia virus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Murine retroviral vector that induces long-term expression of HIV-1 envelope protein AN - 16727535; 3715675 AB - A retroviral vector was constructed that induces long-term expression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) rev, vpu and env genes. The vector contains the neo gene and a cytomegalovirus (CMV) immediate early promoter followed by HIV-1 sequence. When HeLa cells were infected with viral stocks derived from this vector, about 25% of the resulting G418-resistant clones expressed HIV-1 envelope protein (Env), easily detectable by Western blot analysis, metabolic labelling, and syncytium formation after co-cultivation with HeLa-CD4 cells. In most cases the level of Env expression was higher than in a T cell line (H9) chronically infected with HIV-1. Env-expressing HeLa cell lines also expressed Rev, detected by transfection with a Rev-dependent CAT gene construct, and Vpu, detected by immunoprecipitation with a Vpu-specific antiserum. The 75% of G418-resistant HeLa cell lines that did not express Env were found to contain proviruses that had undergone deletion of env sequences corresponding to a known intron; presumably these cell lines arose as a result of infection with virions derived from spliced RNAs. This vector should be useful for studying non-transient effects of HIV Env, Rev and Vpu in tissue culture, and for the production of Env- and/or Rev-expressing cell lines. JF - Journal of Virological Methods AU - Fujita, K AU - Maldarelli, F AU - Purcell, DFJ AU - Silver, J AD - Lab. Mol. Microbiol., NIAID/NIH, Build. 4, Room 338, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 293 EP - 312 VL - 50 IS - 1-3 SN - 0166-0934, 0166-0934 KW - env gene KW - neo gene KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - vectors KW - deletion KW - capsid protein KW - transfection KW - human immunodeficiency virus 1 KW - V 22002:AIDS: Molecular and in vitro aspects KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W3 33130:Genetic based (PCR, etc.) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16727535?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Virological+Methods&rft.atitle=Murine+retroviral+vector+that+induces+long-term+expression+of+HIV-1+envelope+protein&rft.au=Fujita%2C+K%3BMaldarelli%2C+F%3BPurcell%2C+DFJ%3BSilver%2C+J&rft.aulast=Fujita&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=293&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Virological+Methods&rft.issn=01660934&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - deletion; vectors; capsid protein; transfection; human immunodeficiency virus 1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The use of colony-stimulating factors as bone marrow support for systemic anticancer chemotherapy AN - 16726660; 3715729 AB - Colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) are proteins that play normal roles in human hematopoietic physiology. Many of these factors have been cloned and sequenced. This has led to recombinant DNA technology that now allows for production of large quantities of pharmacologically pure compounds. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) are two such compounds that have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for human use in specific medical circumstances. This article summarizes the experience of one institution in using these two CSFs and adds brief commentary on four other CSFs that are expected to come to general use in the near future-interleukin-1, interleukin-3, interleukin-6, and erythropoietin. Both G-CSF and GM-CSF are effective in protecting patients from the leukotoxic effects of cancer chemotherapy, but GM-CSF appears to have a comparatively narrow "dosing window," wherein the agent is effective and tolerable. Future studies should address combining these agents with platelet protective compounds to improve patient safety. JF - Journal of the National Medical Association AU - Reed, E AD - Gynecol. Oncol. Sect., Med. Branch, NCI/NIH, Build. 10, Rm. 12N226, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 459 EP - 464 VL - 86 IS - 6 SN - 0027-9684, 0027-9684 KW - colony-stimulating factors KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts KW - chemotherapy KW - man KW - bone marrow KW - W3 33150:Cytokine based KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16726660?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+National+Medical+Association&rft.atitle=The+use+of+colony-stimulating+factors+as+bone+marrow+support+for+systemic+anticancer+chemotherapy&rft.au=Reed%2C+E&rft.aulast=Reed&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=459&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+National+Medical+Association&rft.issn=00279684&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - man; chemotherapy; bone marrow ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Management of infections in neutropenic patients: New opportunities and emerging challenges AN - 16726645; 3715357 AB - The approach to infection management in the neutropenic host is being refined as new antimicrobial agents and strategies aimed at augmenting various components of host competence are entering the realm of clinical investigation. To this end, diverse hematopoietic growth factors are being tested for their abilities to enhance cellular and humoral host defenses directed against bacterial and, most recently, fungal infections in the hematopoietically compromised patient. Additional novel antifungal approaches include new vehicles for local and systemic amphotericin B administration, for example aerosolized and lipid-based preparations. These are designed to deliver higher concentrations of the drug to sites of active infection and, at the same time, to spare the host from the well documented amphotericin-B-related multiorgan toxicities. The emergence of resistant pathogens, exemplified by vancomycin-resistant enterococci, challenges the current therapeutic armamentarium and will be addressed only through the development of structurally and functionally novel antibodies. JF - Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases AU - Karp, JE AU - Merz, W G AU - Dick, J D AD - NCI, 9000 Rockville Pike, Build. 31, Rm. 11A29, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 430 EP - 433 VL - 7 IS - 4 SN - 0951-7375, 0951-7375 KW - amphotericin B KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - antifungal agents KW - neutropenia KW - bacteremia KW - immunity KW - hosts KW - growth factors KW - antimicrobial agents KW - J 02855:Human Bacteriology: Others KW - K 03087:Fungi: human UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16726645?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Opinion+in+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=Management+of+infections+in+neutropenic+patients%3A+New+opportunities+and+emerging+challenges&rft.au=Karp%2C+JE%3BMerz%2C+W+G%3BDick%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Karp&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=430&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+Opinion+in+Infectious+Diseases&rft.issn=09517375&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - bacteremia; hosts; neutropenia; antimicrobial agents; antifungal agents; growth factors; immunity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alcohol consumption during pregnancy and infant birth weight AN - 16719047; 3634546 AB - Heavy maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy has been consistently linked to decreased infant birth weight but the effects of low and moderate levels of drinking on infant birth weight remain unclear. This study addresses the relationship of low to moderate alcohol consumption and birth weight in a nationally representative cohort sample (National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, n = 4409 births). Statistical methods that account for the complex sample design were used in the analysis. Multiple linear regression and logistic regression were used to adjust the relationship between drinking and birth weight for relevant covariates. Results of this study revealed a nonstatistically significant trend in the direction of greater numbers of low-birth-weight babies born to mothers who drank more frequently during pregnancy. A significant interaction between drinking and smoking was found in which the negative effects on birth weight of smoking were less for those women who drank more heavily (P = 0.046). JF - Annals of Epidemiology AU - Faden, V B AU - Graubard, B I AD - Div. Biometry and Epidemiol., NIAAA/NIH, 5600 Fishers Lane, Rm. 14C26, Rockville, MD 20857, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 279 EP - 284 VL - 4 IS - 4 SN - 1047-2797, 1047-2797 KW - alcohol KW - ethanol KW - birth weight KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Risk Abstracts KW - statistical analysis KW - smoking KW - pregnancy KW - infants KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - X 24180:Social poisons & drug abuse UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16719047?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+Epidemiology&rft.atitle=Alcohol+consumption+during+pregnancy+and+infant+birth+weight&rft.au=Faden%2C+V+B%3BGraubard%2C+B+I&rft.aulast=Faden&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=279&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+Epidemiology&rft.issn=10472797&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - alcohol; pregnancy; infants; statistical analysis; smoking; ethanol; birth weight ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Taxonomic descriptions of eight new non-sterol-requiring mollicutes assigned to the genus Mesoplasma AN - 16708578; 3700924 AB - Twenty mollicute strains isolated primarily from insect hosts were characterized and arranged into eight new species in the genus Mesoplasma. Morphological examination of the organisms by electron and dark-field microscopic techniques revealed that the cells of each strain were small, nonhelical, nonmotile, pleomorphic, and coccoid and that each cell was surrounded by a single cytoplasmic membrane with no evidence of a cell wall. Although the new mollicutes grew well in media containing horse or fetal bovine serum, growth in serum-free or cholesterol-free medium occurred only when the medium contained 0.04% polyoxyethylene sorbitan (Tween 80). The optimum temperature for growth was usually 30 degree C, but multiplication generally occurred over a temperature range of 10 to 32 degree C. All strains catabolized glucose. Most strains did not hydrolyze arginine or urea, although three related strains isolated from fireflies (the strain PUPA-2 super(T) [T = type strain] group) did hydrolyze arginine. The genome sizes ranged from 825 to 930 kbp, and the DNA base compositions (guanine-plus-cytosine contents) ranged from 26.5 to 31.6 mol%. The proposed type strains of the eight new species were not serologically related to the type strains of four other Mesoplasma species, five Entomoplasma species, 11 Acholeplasma species, and 100 Mycoplasma species and subspecies. Strain PS-1 (= ATCC 49582) is the type strain of Mesoplasma pleciae sp. nov., strain PUPA-2 (= ATCC 49581) is the type strain of Mesoplasma photuris sp. nov., strain YJS (= ATCC 43706) is the type strain of Mesoplasma syrphidae sp. nov., strain CHPA-2 (= ATCC 49578) is the type strain of Mesoplasma chauliocola sp. nov., strain ELCA-2 (= ATCC 49579) is the type strain of Mesoplasma corruscae sp. nov., strain GRUA-1 (= ATCC 49580) is the type strain of Mesoplasma grammopterae sp. nov., strain BARC 779 (= ATCC 49583) is the type strain of Mesoplasma coleopterae sp. nov., and strain BARC 857 (= ATCC 49584) is the type strain of Mesoplasma tabanidae sp. nov. JF - International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology AU - Tully, J G AU - Whitcomb, R F AU - Hackett, K J AU - Rose, D L AU - Henegar, R B AU - Bove, J M AU - Carle, P AU - Williamson, D L AU - Clark, T B AD - Mycoplasma Sect., NIAID, Bldg. 550, Frederick Cancer Res. Dev. Cent., Frederick, MD 21702, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 685 EP - 693 VL - 44 IS - 4 SN - 0020-7713, 0020-7713 KW - Mesoplasma KW - Mesoplasma pleciae sp.nov KW - Mesoplasma photuris sp.nov. KW - Mesoplasma syrphidae sp.nov. KW - Mesoplasma chauliorola sp.nov. KW - Mesoplasma corruscae sp.nov. KW - Mesoplasma grammopterae sp.nov. KW - Mesoplasma coleopterae sp.nov. KW - Mesoplasma tabanidae sp.nov. KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - systematics KW - taxonomy KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16708578?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Systematic+Bacteriology&rft.atitle=Taxonomic+descriptions+of+eight+new+non-sterol-requiring+mollicutes+assigned+to+the+genus+Mesoplasma&rft.au=Tully%2C+J+G%3BWhitcomb%2C+R+F%3BHackett%2C+K+J%3BRose%2C+D+L%3BHenegar%2C+R+B%3BBove%2C+J+M%3BCarle%2C+P%3BWilliamson%2C+D+L%3BClark%2C+T+B&rft.aulast=Tully&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=685&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Systematic+Bacteriology&rft.issn=00207713&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - taxonomy; systematics ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acholeplasma brassicae sp. nov. and Acholeplasma palmae sp. nov., two non-sterol-requiring mollicutes from plant surfaces AN - 16708405; 3700926 AB - Two mollicutes (strains 0502 super(T) [T = type strain] and J233 super(T)), which were isolated from the surfaces of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) plants or the crown tissues of the coconut palm (Cocos nucifera), were capable of sustained growth in serum-free (or cholesterol-free) mycoplasma broth media. Examination by electron and dark-field microscopic techniques revealed that the cells of each strain were small, nonhelical, nonmotile, pleomorphic, and coccoid and that each cell was surrounded by a single cytoplasmic membrane. No evidence of a cell wall was found. The organisms were filterable and grew rapidly in most conventional mycoplasma culture medium formulations containing horse or fetal bovine sera under either aerobic or anaerobic conditions. The optimum temperature for growth of both organisms was 30 degree C, but multiplication occurred over a temperature range from 18 to 37 degree C. Both strains catabolized glucose, but did not hydrolyze arbutin, arginine, or urea. The genome size of strain 0502 super(T) was 1,215 kbp, and the DNA base composition (guanine-plus-cytosine content) was 35.5 mol%. The genome size of strain J233 super(T) was 1,610 kbp, and the DNA base composition was 30.0 mol%. The two isolates were not serologically related to each other or to the type strains of 11 previously described Acholeplasma species. Strain 0502 (= ATCC 49388) is the type strain of Acholeplasma brassicae sp. nov., and strain J233 (= ATCC 49389) is the type strain of Acholeplasma palmae sp. nov. JF - International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology AU - Tully, J G AU - Whitcomb, R F AU - Rose, D L AU - Bove, J M AU - Carle, P AU - Somerson, N L AU - Williamson, D L AU - Eden-Green, S AD - Mycoplasma Sect., NIAID, Build. 550, Frederick Cancer Res. Dev. Cent., Frederick, MD 21702, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 680 EP - 684 VL - 44 IS - 4 SN - 0020-7713, 0020-7713 KW - Acholeplasma brassicae sp.nov. KW - Acholeplasma palmae sp.nov. KW - Coco nucifera KW - Brassica deracea italica KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - phylloplane KW - systematics KW - taxonomy KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16708405?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Systematic+Bacteriology&rft.atitle=Acholeplasma+brassicae+sp.+nov.+and+Acholeplasma+palmae+sp.+nov.%2C+two+non-sterol-requiring+mollicutes+from+plant+surfaces&rft.au=Tully%2C+J+G%3BWhitcomb%2C+R+F%3BRose%2C+D+L%3BBove%2C+J+M%3BCarle%2C+P%3BSomerson%2C+N+L%3BWilliamson%2C+D+L%3BEden-Green%2C+S&rft.aulast=Tully&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=680&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Systematic+Bacteriology&rft.issn=00207713&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - phylloplane; taxonomy; systematics ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sex differences in morbidity among respondents classified as alcohol abusers and/or dependent: Results of a national survey AN - 16707396; 3700270 AB - To date, none of the studies on gender differences in physical morbidity have focused on persons classified as DSM-III-R alcohol abusers and/or dependent in the general population. This Data Note presents data from a nationally representative survey on drinking practices and related problems for the purpose of examining gender differences in physical morbidity among respondents receiving these diagnoses. Results indicated that for certain major sociodemographic subgroups of the population, gender differences in morbidity were significant. The female-to-male odds ratios of these subgroups generally varied within the range of 1.5 and 2.0, reflecting about two times greater odds of experiencing morbid conditions for females when compared to males. JF - Addiction AU - Chou, S P AD - NIAAA, Div. Biometry and Epidemiol., 5600 Fishers Ln., Room 14C-26, Rockville, MD 20857, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 87 EP - 93 VL - 89 IS - 1 SN - 0965-2140, 0965-2140 KW - ethanol KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - sex differences KW - morbidity KW - man KW - alcoholism KW - X 24180:Social poisons & drug abuse UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16707396?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Addiction&rft.atitle=Sex+differences+in+morbidity+among+respondents+classified+as+alcohol+abusers+and%2For+dependent%3A+Results+of+a+national+survey&rft.au=Chou%2C+S+P&rft.aulast=Chou&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=87&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Addiction&rft.issn=09652140&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - sex differences; morbidity; man; alcoholism ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Locus coeruleus lesions potentiate neurotoxic effects of MPTP in dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra AN - 16704635; 3697800 AB - The observation that Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with locus coeruleus (LC) noradrenergic neuronal degeneration suggests that the LC noradrenergic system may be involved in the pathogenesis and natural progression of the destruction of the substantia nigra (SN) dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease. The relationship of these two systems was examined by injection of subtoxic doses of MPTP into unilateral LC 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesioned mice. A significant loss of dopaminergic cells was only found in the SN on the side of the LC lesions. The results suggest that the LC may have protective effects on SN dopaminergic neurons. JF - Brain Research AU - Bing, Guoying AU - Zhang, Yi AU - Watanabe, Y AU - McEwen, B S AU - Stone, E A AD - NIEHS/NIH, P.O. Box 12233, MD E1-01, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 261 EP - 265 VL - 668 IS - 1-2 SN - 0006-8993, 0006-8993 KW - MPTP KW - dopamine KW - mice KW - Toxicology Abstracts; CSA Neurosciences Abstracts KW - lesions KW - neurotoxicity KW - locus coeruleus KW - substantia nigra KW - N3 11104:Mammals (except primates) KW - X 24180:Social poisons & drug abuse UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16704635?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brain+Research&rft.atitle=Locus+coeruleus+lesions+potentiate+neurotoxic+effects+of+MPTP+in+dopaminergic+neurons+of+the+substantia+nigra&rft.au=Bing%2C+Guoying%3BZhang%2C+Yi%3BWatanabe%2C+Y%3BMcEwen%2C+B+S%3BStone%2C+E+A&rft.aulast=Bing&rft.aufirst=Guoying&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=668&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=261&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Brain+Research&rft.issn=00068993&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - locus coeruleus; lesions; neurotoxicity; substantia nigra ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Gene targeting constructs: Effects of vector topology on co-expression efficiency of positive and negative selectable marker genes AN - 16703350; 3741186 AB - Targeting of DNA into specific chromosomal loci often involves the use of a negative selectable marker gene to enrich for cell clones that have undergone homologous recombination. In this study we asked if the arrangement of the positive and negative markers in 'knockout' constructs can influence the expression of a lacZ gene that was used as a negative marker. We show that constructs which differ only in their topology have vastly different co-expression efficiencies. The site of DNA linearization was critical. While linearizing at the 5'-end of the lacZ gene was compatible with efficient lacZ expression, linearizing at the 3'-end was always detrimental. We also demonstrate that the topology of the template was more important than the promoter used to drive lacZ expression. JF - Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications AU - Zimmer, A AU - Reynolds, K AD - Unit on Dev. Biol., Lab. Cell Biol., NIMH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 943 EP - 949 VL - 201 IS - 2 SN - 0006-291X, 0006-291X KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts KW - cloning vectors KW - gene expression KW - genetic markers KW - N 14682:Cloning vectors KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W3 33055:Genetic engineering (general) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16703350?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemical+and+Biophysical+Research+Communications&rft.atitle=Gene+targeting+constructs%3A+Effects+of+vector+topology+on+co-expression+efficiency+of+positive+and+negative+selectable+marker+genes&rft.au=Zimmer%2C+A%3BReynolds%2C+K&rft.aulast=Zimmer&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=201&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=943&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biochemical+and+Biophysical+Research+Communications&rft.issn=0006291X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - cloning vectors; gene expression; genetic markers ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biochemical and pharmacological factors causing induction and suppression of germination of Trichosporon beigelii AN - 16685796; 3689882 AB - Trichosporon beigelii is an emerging fungal pathogen, which is morphologically characterized by blastoconidia, arthroconidia and hyphae. The non-hyphal forms of T. beigelii germinate to form hyphae in plasma in vitro and in tissues in vivo, suggesting possible pathophysiological significance of this process. Little is known, however, about the mechanisms of germination of T. beigelii. We therefore studied relevant biochemical and pharmacological factors that may regulate germination of T. beigelii. Germination was significantly enhanced by temperature at 37 degree C, chemically defined cell culture media such as RPMI-1640, plasma, physiological pH, N-acetylglucosamine and proline. N-acetylglucosamine was equivalent to proline in inducing germination. Germination was suppressed by high concentrations of glucose, increasing inocula, low pH, and amphotericin B at achievable serum concentrations. Thus, many of the factors regulating germination of T. beigelii appear to be similar to those for Candida albicans. JF - Journal of Medical & Veterinary Mycology AU - Walsh, T J AU - Kelly, P AU - Peebles, R AU - Lee, J AU - Lecciones, J AU - Pizzo, P A AD - Infect. Dis. Sect., NCI, Build. 10, Room 13N240, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 123 EP - 132 VL - 32 IS - 2 SN - 0268-1218, 0268-1218 KW - amphotericin B KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Trichosporon beigelii KW - pH KW - germination KW - A 01067:Antifungal & fungicidal KW - K 03063:Effects of physical & chemical factors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16685796?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Medical+%26+Veterinary+Mycology&rft.atitle=Biochemical+and+pharmacological+factors+causing+induction+and+suppression+of+germination+of+Trichosporon+beigelii&rft.au=Walsh%2C+T+J%3BKelly%2C+P%3BPeebles%2C+R%3BLee%2C+J%3BLecciones%2C+J%3BPizzo%2C+P+A&rft.aulast=Walsh&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=123&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Medical+%26+Veterinary+Mycology&rft.issn=02681218&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Trichosporon beigelii; germination; pH ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Need for new standards to prevent deposition in wastewater sewers AN - 16681799; 3692102 AB - Both self-cleansing-velocity and minimum-shear-stress approaches have been used to investigate the effect of the relative flow depth in a sewer as an important factor influencing the buildup of deposits in a sewer designed for full flow. Each of the approaches indicates favorable deposit-free flow conditions for sewers with relative-normal flow depths ranging between 0.5 and 1.0. For relative flow depths well below 0.5 the same sewers show a strong tendency to form deposits. Nomographs have been developed for circular sewers partially clogged by deposits for easier computations of flow depths. Shear stresses in partially clogged sewers have been computed and discussed in relation to deposit thickness; the study here is limited to initiation criterion only. JF - Journal of Environmental Engineering AU - Nalluri, C AU - Dabrowski, W AD - Dep. Civ. Eng., Univ. Newcastle upon Tyne NEI 7RU, UK Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1032 EP - 1043 VL - 120 IS - 5 SN - 0733-9372, 0733-9372 KW - flow KW - suspended sediments KW - storm water KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - wastewater KW - standards KW - flow rates KW - sewers KW - sediments KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16681799?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Engineering&rft.atitle=Need+for+new+standards+to+prevent+deposition+in+wastewater+sewers&rft.au=Nalluri%2C+C%3BDabrowski%2C+W&rft.aulast=Nalluri&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=120&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1032&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Engineering&rft.issn=07339372&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - standards; sewers; wastewater; sediments; flow; suspended sediments; storm water; flow rates ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inhibition of HIV-1 integrase by flavones, caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) and related compounds AN - 16681323; 3693474 AB - The inhibition of HIV-1 integrase by flavones and related compounds was investigated biochemically and by means of structure-activity relationships. Purified enzyme and synthetic oligonucleotides were used to assay for three reactions catalyzed by integrase: (1) processing of 3' termini by cleavage of the terminal dinucleotide; (2) strand transfer, which models the integration step; and (3) "disintegration," which models the reversal of the strand transfer reaction. Inhibitions of all three reactions by flavones generally occurred in parallel, but caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) appeared to inhibit reaction 2 selectively. CAPE, however, inhibited reactions 1 and 3 effectively when preincubated with the enzyme, suggesting that this compound differs from the flavones primarily in requiring more time to block the enzyme. The core integrase fragment consisting of amino acids 50-212 retained the ability to catalyse reaction 3, and flavones and CAPE retained the ability to inhibit. Hence, the putative zinc-finger region that is deleted in this fragment is probably not the target of inhibition. Inhibition by flavones usually required the presence of at least one ortho pair of phenolic hydroxyl groups and at least one or two additional hydroxyl groups. Potency was enhanced by the presence of additional hydroxyl groups, especially when present in ortho pairs or in adjacent groups of three. Inhibitory activity was reduced or eliminated by methoxy or glycosidic substitutions or by saturation of the 2,3 double bond. These structure-activity findings for flavones were generally concordant with those previously reported for reverse transcriptase and topoisomerase II. These findings are discussed in the context of a review of the effects of flavones on various enzymes, the possible mechanisms of inhibition, and the potential for building upon a general pharmacophore to generate target specificity. JF - Biochemical Pharmacology AU - Fesen, M R AU - Pommier, Y AU - Leteurtre, F AU - Hiroguchi, S AU - Yung, J AU - Kohn, K W AD - Lab. Mol. Pharmacol., Build. 37, Rm. 5C25, NCI/NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 595 EP - 608 VL - 48 IS - 3 SN - 0006-2952, 0006-2952 KW - integrase KW - flavone KW - caffeic acid phenethyl ester KW - oligodeoxyribonucleotides KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - antiviral agents KW - human immunodeficiency virus 1 KW - V 22002:AIDS: Molecular and in vitro aspects KW - A 01068:Antiviral & viricidal UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16681323?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemical+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Inhibition+of+HIV-1+integrase+by+flavones%2C+caffeic+acid+phenethyl+ester+%28CAPE%29+and+related+compounds&rft.au=Fesen%2C+M+R%3BPommier%2C+Y%3BLeteurtre%2C+F%3BHiroguchi%2C+S%3BYung%2C+J%3BKohn%2C+K+W&rft.aulast=Fesen&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=595&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biochemical+Pharmacology&rft.issn=00062952&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - human immunodeficiency virus 1; antiviral agents ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The cheetah's conservation controversy AN - 16672356; 3686968 JF - Conservation Biology AU - O'Brien, S J AD - Lab. Viral Carcinog., NCI-FCRDC Program, Frederick, MD 21702, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1153 EP - 1155 VL - 8 IS - 4 SN - 0888-8892, 0888-8892 KW - Genetics Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - population genetics KW - conservation KW - Acinonyx jubatus KW - G 07270:Ecological genetics KW - D 04672:Mammals KW - D 04705:Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16672356?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Conservation+Biology&rft.atitle=The+cheetah%27s+conservation+controversy&rft.au=O%27Brien%2C+S+J&rft.aulast=O%27Brien&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1153&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Conservation+Biology&rft.issn=08888892&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Acinonyx jubatus; conservation; population genetics ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Localization of cannabinoid receptors and nonsaturable high-density cannabinoid binding sites in peripheral tissues of the rat: Implications for receptor-mediated immune modulation by cannabinoids AN - 16668512; 3678831 AB - [ super(3)H]CP-55,940, a high-affinity cannabinoid receptor ligand, was used for in vitro binding and autoradiography in peripheral tissues in the rat. Specific cannabinoid receptor binding was found to be restricted to components of the immune system, i.e., spleen, lymph nodes and Peyer's patches. Displacement studies showed that this binding is identical (similar K sub(d) and structure-activity profile) to that in brain. Cannabinoid receptors in the immune system are confined to B lymphocyte-enriched areas, i.e., the marginal zone of the spleen, cortex of the lymph nodes and nodular corona of Peyer's patches. Specific binding is absent in T lymphocyte-enriched areas, such as the thymus and periarteriolar lymphatic sheaths of the spleen. Certain macrophage-enriched areas, i.e., liver and lung, lack specific binding. Thus, the single peripheral cell type that may contain cannabinoid receptors is the B lymphocyte. Numerous sites have dense binding that could not be displaced by excess unlabeled drug. These nonspecific sites were found in the liver, adrenal glands and sebaceous glands, which are high in fat content, and in the heart, pancreas, components of the male and female reproductive systems and the epithelium of the esophagus. JF - Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics AU - Lynn, AB AU - Herkenham, M AD - Sect. Funct. Neuroanat., NIMH, Build. 36, Rm. 2D-15, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1612 EP - 1623 VL - 268 IS - 3 SN - 0022-3565, 0022-3565 KW - cannabinoid receptors KW - rats KW - Delta super(9)-THC KW - Delta super(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol KW - Toxicology Abstracts; CSA Neurosciences Abstracts KW - immune system KW - binding KW - N3 11106:Neurobiology of drug abuse KW - N3 11110:Neuroimmunology KW - X 24180:Social poisons & drug abuse UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16668512?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Pharmacology+and+Experimental+Therapeutics&rft.atitle=Localization+of+cannabinoid+receptors+and+nonsaturable+high-density+cannabinoid+binding+sites+in+peripheral+tissues+of+the+rat%3A+Implications+for+receptor-mediated+immune+modulation+by+cannabinoids&rft.au=Lynn%2C+AB%3BHerkenham%2C+M&rft.aulast=Lynn&rft.aufirst=AB&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=268&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1612&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Pharmacology+and+Experimental+Therapeutics&rft.issn=00223565&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - binding; immune system ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Isolation and characterization of a chimpanzee monoclonal antibody to the G glycoprotein of human respiratory syncytial virus AN - 16668413; 3683698 AB - Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common cause of serious lower respiratory tract disease in infants and young children. In this study a hybridoma line secreting a chimpanzee monoclonal antibody that neutralizes RSV was isolated. Two chimpanzees were immunized with recombinant vaccinia viruses that express the RSV F or G surface glycoprotein and 1 month later were infected intranasally with the wild-type RSV strain A2. Peripheral blood lymphocytes obtained from the animals were transformed with Epstein-Barr virus, and lymphoblastoid cell lines that secreted anti-RSV antibodies were identified by an RSV antigen-binding enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Supernatants from RSV antibody-secreting lymphoblastoid cell lines were tested for in vitro virus neutralization before being fused to the heteromyeloma cell GLI-H7. A chimpanzee antibody [immunoglobulin G3( lambda ) subclass] produced from a hybridoma line designated E1.4/2 was shown to bind to the RSV G glycoprotein and neutralize a panel of subgroup A viruses, but not subgroup B viruses, at low (nanomolar) concentrations. Mice passively immunized with this antibody were partially resistant to RSV strain A2 challenge. The usefulness of such antibodies in immunoprophylaxis and immunotherapy of RSV infection is discussed. JF - Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology AU - Crowe, JE Jr AU - Cheung, PYK AU - Wallace, E F AU - Chanock, R M AU - Larrick, J W AU - Murphy, B R AU - Fry, K AD - Resp. Viruses Sect., Lab. Infect. Dis., NIAID/NIH, Build. 7, Rm. 106, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 701 EP - 706 VL - 1 IS - 6 SN - 1071-412X, 1071-412X KW - glycoprotein G KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - respiratory syncytial virus KW - monoclonal antibodies KW - Pan troglodytes KW - W3 33375:Antibodies KW - V 22091:Immunological techniques & reagents KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - F 06800:Viruses UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16668413?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+and+Diagnostic+Laboratory+Immunology&rft.atitle=Isolation+and+characterization+of+a+chimpanzee+monoclonal+antibody+to+the+G+glycoprotein+of+human+respiratory+syncytial+virus&rft.au=Crowe%2C+JE+Jr%3BCheung%2C+PYK%3BWallace%2C+E+F%3BChanock%2C+R+M%3BLarrick%2C+J+W%3BMurphy%2C+B+R%3BFry%2C+K&rft.aulast=Crowe&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=701&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+and+Diagnostic+Laboratory+Immunology&rft.issn=1071412X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - monoclonal antibodies; respiratory syncytial virus; Pan troglodytes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prolonged clinical latency and survival of macaques given a whole inactivated simian immunodeficiency virus vaccine AN - 16660081; 3670006 AB - Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection of macaques is a useful and relevant model for evaluating candidate human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccines. One important feature of this model is that SIV vaccines can be evaluated for their ability to prevent infection as well as to prevent or delay the onset of AIDS. In the present study, a group of macaques was vaccinated with whole inactivated SIV and challenged with peripheral blood mononuclear cells from an SIV-infected macaque. This challenge represented a rigorous and realistic test of the immunization protocol. All macaques became infected after challenge; however, immunized animals survived significantly longer than naive controls. These data suggest that similar vaccines administered to humans at risk for HIV-1 infection might delay or prevent AIDS even if the vaccine failed to prevent infection. JF - Journal of Infectious Diseases AU - Hirsch, V M AU - Goldstein, S AU - Hynes, NA AU - Elkins, W R AU - London, W T AU - Zack, P M AU - Montefiori, D AU - Johnson, PR AD - NIAID/Twinbrook II Facility, 12441 Parklawn Dr., Rockville, MD 20852, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 51 EP - 59 VL - 170 IS - 1 SN - 0022-1899, 0022-1899 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - inactivation KW - immunization KW - vaccines KW - simian immunodeficiency virus KW - Macaca KW - human immunodeficiency virus KW - immunity KW - animal models KW - acquired immune deficiency syndrome KW - W3 33365:Vaccines (other) KW - F 06807:Active immunization KW - V 22003:AIDS: Immunological aspects KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - F 06800:Viruses KW - F 06856:Animal UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16660081?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=Prolonged+clinical+latency+and+survival+of+macaques+given+a+whole+inactivated+simian+immunodeficiency+virus+vaccine&rft.au=Hirsch%2C+V+M%3BGoldstein%2C+S%3BHynes%2C+NA%3BElkins%2C+W+R%3BLondon%2C+W+T%3BZack%2C+P+M%3BMontefiori%2C+D%3BJohnson%2C+PR&rft.aulast=Hirsch&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=170&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=51&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Infectious+Diseases&rft.issn=00221899&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - immunization; inactivation; vaccines; immunity; animal models; acquired immune deficiency syndrome; simian immunodeficiency virus; human immunodeficiency virus; Macaca ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Purification and properties of the Escherichia coli K-12 NAD-dependent nucleotide diphosphosugar epimerase, ADP-L-glycero-D-mannoheptose 6-epimerase AN - 16657771; 3659526 AB - The Escherichia coli K-12 NAD-dependent nucleotide-diphosphosugar epimerase, ADP-L-glycero-D-mannoheptose 6-epimerase, catalyzes the conversion of ADP-D-glycero-D-mannoheptose to ADP-L-glycero-D-mannoheptose. ADP-L-glycero-D-mannoheptose is a key intermediate of lipopolysaccharide inner core biosynthesis in several genera of Gram-negative bacteria. Sedimentation equilibrium and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the purified epimerase revealed that the native enzyme has a molecular mass of 240 kDa and a subunit molecular weight of 37,000 plus or minus 3,000. Lectin binding studies of the purified epimerase indicated that the protein is glycosylated. There was 1 mol of tightly bound NAD super(+) per enzyme subunit. Variable but small fractions of purified preparations of epimerase are highly fluorescent and contain NADH. The native enzyme can be resolved into apoenzyme and NAD super(+) by acidic ammonium sulfate precipitation. The catalytic activity can be reconstituted with the addition of NAD super(+) to the apoenzyme. Optimum pH range for enzyme activity is broad, between 5.5 and 9.5. It exhibits a temperature optimum at 42 degree C. The K sub(m) and V sub(max) for the substrate is 0.1 mM and 46 mu mol 30 min super(-1) mg super(-1), respectively. The native enzyme displays UV and fluorescence spectra that are consistent with the presence of enzyme bound NAD super(+). CD spectra of the holoepimerase indicate 11% alpha -helical and 36% beta -sheet structures. JF - Journal of Biological Chemistry AU - Ding, Li AU - Seto, B L AU - Ahmed, SA AU - Coleman, WG Jr AD - Sect. Pharmacol., Lab. Biochem. Pharmacol., NIDDK, Build. 8, Rm. 2A-03, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 24384 EP - 24390 VL - 269 IS - 39 SN - 0021-9258, 0021-9258 KW - ADP-L-glycero-D-mannoheptose-6-epimerase KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Escherichia coli KW - J 02728:Enzymes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16657771?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biological+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Purification+and+properties+of+the+Escherichia+coli+K-12+NAD-dependent+nucleotide+diphosphosugar+epimerase%2C+ADP-L-glycero-D-mannoheptose+6-epimerase&rft.au=Ding%2C+Li%3BSeto%2C+B+L%3BAhmed%2C+SA%3BColeman%2C+WG+Jr&rft.aulast=Ding&rft.aufirst=Li&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=269&rft.issue=39&rft.spage=24384&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Biological+Chemistry&rft.issn=00219258&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Flow cytometric detection of DNA tumor virus nuclear oncogene products in unfixed cells: Saponin FACS of viral oncogene products AN - 16656292; 3662532 AB - Immunofluorescent analysis is a standard method for detecting DNA virus oncoproteins in transformed cells. Here we demonstrate the detection of DNA virus nuclear oncoproteins by flow cytometry of unfixed cells, after saponin permeabilization. This method could be of value in the evaluation and quantitation of oncogene products in transformed cells. JF - Journal of Virological Methods AU - Eyler, Y L AU - Lantz, L M AU - Lewis, AM Jr AD - Lab. Immunopathol., NIAID/NIH, Build. 7, Rm. 303, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 23 EP - 27 VL - 46 IS - 1 SN - 0166-0934, 0166-0934 KW - saponin KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Oncogenes & Growth Factors Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - detection KW - oncogenes KW - quantitation KW - DNA tumor viruses KW - transformed cells KW - immunofluorescence KW - flow cytometry KW - gene products KW - V 22091:Immunological techniques & reagents KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W3 33250:Methods: Others KW - B 26250:Papovaviruses UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16656292?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Virological+Methods&rft.atitle=Flow+cytometric+detection+of+DNA+tumor+virus+nuclear+oncogene+products+in+unfixed+cells%3A+Saponin+FACS+of+viral+oncogene+products&rft.au=Eyler%2C+Y+L%3BLantz%2C+L+M%3BLewis%2C+AM+Jr&rft.aulast=Eyler&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=23&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Virological+Methods&rft.issn=01660934&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - detection; oncogenes; quantitation; DNA tumor viruses; transformed cells; flow cytometry; immunofluorescence; gene products ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Moderate low birth weight and infectious disease mortality during infancy and childhood AN - 16648448; 3654103 AB - The purpose of this study was to determine whether moderately low birth weight, singleton babies without congenital anomalies are at increased risk for postperinatal infectious disease mortality. The study cohort consisted of 54,795 live births assembled at 12 medical school-affiliated hospitals in different regions of the United States between 1959 and 1966 and followed prospectively. After exclusions of multiple gestation births, very low birth weight births, births with major congenital anomalies, and first-week deaths, 51,931 children remained for analysis. Postperinatal infectious disease mortality was assessed through age 7 years. Moderately low birth weight infants and children were at increased risk of infectious disease mortality. The risk persisted among those whose deaths met our strictest criteria for infectious etiology and was sustained beyond infancy throughout the age interval under analysis. Among those with moderate low birth weight, there was an increased risk among those with preterm birth but not among those who were born small-for-gestational age. The data suggest that moderate low birth weight renders individuals vulnerable to infectious disease mortality during both infancy and childhood. JF - American Journal of Epidemiology AU - Read, J S AU - Clemens, J D AU - Klebanoff, MA AD - DESPR-NICHD-NIH, 6100 Executive Blvd., Rm. 7B03, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 721 EP - 733 VL - 140 IS - 8 SN - 0002-9262, 0002-9262 KW - infectious diseases KW - low-birth-weight KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - mortality KW - children KW - infants KW - H SM3.3:HAZARD DETERMINATION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16648448?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Epidemiology&rft.atitle=Moderate+low+birth+weight+and+infectious+disease+mortality+during+infancy+and+childhood&rft.au=Read%2C+J+S%3BClemens%2C+J+D%3BKlebanoff%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Read&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=140&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=721&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Epidemiology&rft.issn=00029262&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - mortality; infants; children ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bacterial endotoxins and pathogenesis of gram-negative infections: Current status and future direction AN - 16642697; 3642579 AB - 100 years after the discovery of a bacterial 'endotoxin', 50 years after the introduction of antibiotics and 25 years after the routine use of intensive care units to support septic shock patients, Gram-negative infections continue to account for significant morbidity and mortality. In the coming decade, basic research on the structure/function of LPS, the cytokine cascade, and receptor-mediated intracellular signalling responses to LPS and cytokines will provide a greater understanding of the molecular, cellular and systemic responses to endotoxin and infection. New therapeutic agents now emerging from research, and better designed clinical trials to assess those agents will contribute to the next significant decline in sepsis- and shock-related morbidity and mortality. This article summarizes the findings of a workshop convened at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to examine current research on endotoxin and Gram-negative septic shock. JF - Journal of Endotoxin Research AU - Morrison, D C AU - Danner, R L AU - Dinarello, CA AU - Munford, R S AU - Natanson, C AU - Pollack, M AU - Spitzer, J J AU - Ulevitch, R J AU - Vogel, S N AU - McSweegan, E AD - Bacteriol. and Mycol. Div., NIAID/NIH, Solar Build., Room 3A-32, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 71 EP - 83 VL - 1 IS - 2 SN - 0968-0519, 0968-0519 KW - cytokines KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - structure-activity relationships KW - endotoxins KW - septic shock KW - mortality KW - pathogenesis KW - gram-negative bacteria KW - J 02823:In vitro and in vivo effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16642697?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Endotoxin+Research&rft.atitle=Bacterial+endotoxins+and+pathogenesis+of+gram-negative+infections%3A+Current+status+and+future+direction&rft.au=Morrison%2C+D+C%3BDanner%2C+R+L%3BDinarello%2C+CA%3BMunford%2C+R+S%3BNatanson%2C+C%3BPollack%2C+M%3BSpitzer%2C+J+J%3BUlevitch%2C+R+J%3BVogel%2C+S+N%3BMcSweegan%2C+E&rft.aulast=Morrison&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=71&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Endotoxin+Research&rft.issn=09680519&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - gram-negative bacteria; endotoxins; pathogenesis; mortality; septic shock; structure-activity relationships ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dietary factors and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in Nebraska (United States) AN - 16641071; 3652620 AB - Little is known about dietary factors and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) risk, although high intakes of animal protein and milk have been associated with NHL in two previous studies. As part of a population-based case-control study of agricultural and other risk factors for NHL in eastern Nebraska (USA), we examined the self- and proxy-reported frequency of consumption of 30 food items by 385 White men and women with NHL and 1,432 controls. Animal protein intake was not associated significantly with the risk of NHL, however, there was a nonsignificantly elevated risk of NHL among men with high milk consumption. Vitamin C, carotene, citrus fruit, and dark green vegetable intakes were inversely significantly related to the risk of NHL for men, but not for women. Among men, the odds ratios for the highest quartiles of both vitamin C and carotene intake were 0.6 (95% confidence intervals = 0.3-1.0). There were no meaningful differences in the associations of nutrient intakes and NHL risk between B- and T-cell lymphomas and histologic types. Risks for low intakes of vitamin C and carotene were greater among men and women with a family history of cancer, particularly a history of lymphatic or hematopoietic cancer among first-degree relatives. JF - Cancer Causes & Control AU - Ward, M H AU - Zahm, SH AU - Weisenburger, D D AU - Gridley, G AU - Cantor, K P AU - Saal, R C AU - Blair, A AD - Environ. Epidemiol. Branch, NCI, EPN Room 418, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 422 EP - 432 VL - 5 IS - 5 SN - 0957-5243, 0957-5243 KW - foods KW - vitamins KW - non-Hodgkin's lymphoma KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - diets KW - nutrients KW - milk KW - USA, Nebraska KW - proteins KW - cancer KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - H SM10.21:CANCER UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16641071?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+Causes+%26+Control&rft.atitle=Dietary+factors+and+non-Hodgkin%27s+lymphoma+in+Nebraska+%28United+States%29&rft.au=Ward%2C+M+H%3BZahm%2C+SH%3BWeisenburger%2C+D+D%3BGridley%2C+G%3BCantor%2C+K+P%3BSaal%2C+R+C%3BBlair%2C+A&rft.aulast=Ward&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=422&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+Causes+%26+Control&rft.issn=09575243&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, Nebraska; diets; proteins; milk; cancer; nutrients ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Architectural elements in nucleoprotein complexes: Interchangeability of specific and non-specific DNA binding proteins AN - 16638508; 3648810 AB - Integration host factor (IHF) is required in lambda site-specific recombination to deform the DNA substrates into conformations active for recombination. HU, a homolog of IHF, can also deform DNA but binds without any apparent sequence specificity. We demonstrate that HU can replace IHF by cooperating with the recombinase protein, integrase, to generate a stable and specific complex with electrophoretic mobility and biochemical activity very close to the complex formed by IHF and integrase. The eukaryotic HMG1 and HMG2 proteins differ entirely in structure from HU but they also bind DNA non-specifically and induce or stabilize deformed DNA. We show that the eukaryotic HMG1 and HMG2 proteins cooperate with integrase at least as well as does HU to make a defined structure. We also find that the eukaryotic core histone dimer H2A-H2B can replace IHF, suggesting that the histone dimer is functional outside the context of a nucleosome. HU and the HMG proteins not only contribute to the formation of stable complexes, but they can at least partially replace IHF for the integrative and excisive recombination reactions. The results, together with the analysis of nucleoprotein complexes made with damaged recombination sites, lead us to conclude that the cooperation between HU and integrase does not depend on protein-protein contacts. Rather, cooperation is manifested through building of higher order structures and depends on the capacity of the non-specific DNA binding proteins to bend DNA. While all these non-specific binding proteins appear to fulfil the same bending function, they do so with different efficiencies. This probably reflects subtle structural differences between the assembled complexes. JF - EMBO Journal AU - Segall, A M AU - Goodman, S D AU - Nash, HA AD - Lab. Mol. Biol., NIMH, Bethesda, MD 20892-4034, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 4536 EP - 4548 VL - 13 IS - 19 SN - 0261-4189, 0261-4189 KW - integration host factor KW - histones KW - high mobility group protein 1 KW - high mobility group protein 2 KW - integrase KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids KW - DNA-binding protein KW - phage lambda KW - nucleoproteins KW - Escherichia coli KW - N 14920:Chromatin & chromosomes KW - J 02727:Amino acids, peptides and proteins KW - V 22031:Viral nucleic acids UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16638508?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=EMBO+Journal&rft.atitle=Architectural+elements+in+nucleoprotein+complexes%3A+Interchangeability+of+specific+and+non-specific+DNA+binding+proteins&rft.au=Segall%2C+A+M%3BGoodman%2C+S+D%3BNash%2C+HA&rft.aulast=Segall&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=19&rft.spage=4536&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=EMBO+Journal&rft.issn=02614189&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - phage lambda; Escherichia coli; nucleoproteins; DNA-binding protein ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nucleotide sequence and analysis of the gene in Borrelia burgdorferi encoding the immunogenic P39 antigen AN - 16638139; 3648927 AB - The P39 antigen is a specific, highly conserved, and immunogenic protein of Lyme disease spirochetes, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. The nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding this protein was determined and found to be the first of two tandemly arranged open reading frames located on the spirochete's chromosome. These two open reading frames were designated bmpA for the gene encoding P39 and bmpB for the gene encoding the putative protein ORF2 encoded by the second open reading frame. The nucleic acid sequence identity for the two open reading frames was 62% while their deduced amino acid sequences were 52% identical. Comparison to sequence data bases demonstrated that the deduced amino acid sequences of both P39 and ORF2 were homologous to TmpC, a putative outer or cytoplasmic membrane lipoprotein of the syphilis spirochete, Treponema pallidum. JF - FEMS Microbiology Letters AU - Simpson, W J AU - Cieplak, W AU - Schrumpf, ME AU - Barbour, A G AU - Schwan, T G AD - Rocky Mountain Lab., NIAID/NIH, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 381 EP - 388 VL - 119 IS - 3 SN - 0378-1097, 0378-1097 KW - P39 antigen KW - bmpA gene KW - bmpB gene KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - nucleotide sequence KW - Borrelia burgdorferi KW - genes KW - Lyme disease KW - N 14640:Structure & sequence KW - J 02725:DNA KW - G 07320:Bacterial genetics KW - W3 33385:DNA/RNA KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16638139?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEMS+Microbiology+Letters&rft.atitle=Nucleotide+sequence+and+analysis+of+the+gene+in+Borrelia+burgdorferi+encoding+the+immunogenic+P39+antigen&rft.au=Simpson%2C+W+J%3BCieplak%2C+W%3BSchrumpf%2C+ME%3BBarbour%2C+A+G%3BSchwan%2C+T+G&rft.aulast=Simpson&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=119&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=381&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FEMS+Microbiology+Letters&rft.issn=03781097&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - nucleotide sequence; genes; Lyme disease; Borrelia burgdorferi ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Laboratory and preliminary clinical characterization of Vi capsular polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccines AN - 16633275; 3636480 AB - To improve its immunogenicity for children and adults and to make it suitable for routine immunization of infants against typhoid fever, the capsular polysaccharide of Salmonella typhi (Vi) was bound to the B subunit of the heat-labile toxin (LT-B) of Escherichia coli or the recombinant exoprotein A (rEPA) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The conjugates elicited higher levels of antibodies (micrograms per milliliter of serum) in mice and in guinea pigs than did Vi and, unlike Vi alone, elicited booster antibody responses in both species. In adult volunteers, Vi-LT-B and Vi-rEPA, respectively, elicited higher levels of antibodies than Vi alone after the first injection (4.74 versus 1.77 and 4.91 versus 1.77) and 26 weeks later (2.32 and 2.69 versus 0.54); a second injection of the conjugates did not elicit a booster response of Vi antibodies. None of the 51 vaccinees had fever or significant local reactions. Vi-rEPA elicited slightly higher levels of Vi antibodies than did Vi-LT-B at all intervals after injection, but these differences were not significant. Each conjugate elicited antibodies to its carrier protein. The antibody responses elicited in adults by Vi bound to LT-B and rEPA are similar to those of other polysaccharide-protein conjugates. These conjugates promise to be an improved Vi vaccine. Studies of Vi conjugates with adults and infants in areas where typhoid is endemic are planned. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Szu, S C AU - Taylor, D N AU - Trofa, A C AU - Clements, J D AU - Shiloach, J AU - Sadoff, J C AU - Bryla, DA AU - Robbins, J B AD - NICHD, Build. 6, Rm. 145, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 4440 EP - 4444 VL - 62 IS - 10 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - carrier proteins KW - guinea-pigs KW - mice KW - polysaccharides KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - typhoid fever KW - vaccines KW - conjugation KW - Salmonella typhi KW - Escherichia coli KW - characterization KW - capsules KW - Pseudomonas aeruginosa KW - man KW - enterotoxins KW - W3 33365:Vaccines (other) KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization KW - F 06807:Active immunization KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16633275?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Laboratory+and+preliminary+clinical+characterization+of+Vi+capsular+polysaccharide-protein+conjugate+vaccines&rft.au=Szu%2C+S+C%3BTaylor%2C+D+N%3BTrofa%2C+A+C%3BClements%2C+J+D%3BShiloach%2C+J%3BSadoff%2C+J+C%3BBryla%2C+DA%3BRobbins%2C+J+B&rft.aulast=Szu&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=4440&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - typhoid fever; vaccines; conjugation; characterization; capsules; man; enterotoxins; Salmonella typhi; Escherichia coli; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Maternal smoking during lactation: Relation to infant size at one year of age AN - 16623105; 3653722 AB - This study was conducted to test the hypothesis that breast-fed infants of smokers are smaller in size at 1 year of age than breast-fed infants of nonsmokers. Three groups of infants were selected from all singletons born to women who were seen for prenatal care in their 6th month of pregnancy at a health maintenance organization in Seattle, Washington, between January 1982 and April 1983. Breast-fed infants of smokers (n = 74) were compared with breast-fed infants of nonsmokers (n = 195) and with bottle-fed infants of smokers (n = 64). Mothers are interviewed at 1 and 3 months after delivery; both the mother and the infant were seen at 1 year. Among breast feeders, smokers' infants were twice as likely as nonsmokers' infants to have body mass more than 1 standard deviation above the mean (relative risk = 2.04, 95% confidence interval 1.15-3.61). This relation persisted after control for gestational age and weight at birth, length of lactation, mother's size and diet, exposure to other drugs in breast milk, and all other variables measured in this study. Every 10 cigarettes smoked while breast feeding predicted an additional 3% infant body mass at 1 year. In summary, breast-fed infants of smokers in this study gained more weight after birth than the other two groups; at 1 year of age, they were heavier and had significantly higher body mass. Reasons for this paradoxical finding are explored. JF - American Journal of Epidemiology AU - Little, R E AU - Lambert, MD III AU - Worthington-Roberts, B AU - Ervin, CH AD - NIEHS, A3-05, P.O. Box 12233, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 544 EP - 554 VL - 140 IS - 6 SN - 0002-9262, 0002-9262 KW - lactation KW - weight KW - breast feeding KW - man KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - passive smoking KW - smoking KW - infants KW - epidemiology KW - growth KW - H SE4.26:DRUGS AND ALCOHOL KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - X 24180:Social poisons & drug abuse UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16623105?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Epidemiology&rft.atitle=Maternal+smoking+during+lactation%3A+Relation+to+infant+size+at+one+year+of+age&rft.au=Little%2C+R+E%3BLambert%2C+MD+III%3BWorthington-Roberts%2C+B%3BErvin%2C+CH&rft.aulast=Little&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=140&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=544&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Epidemiology&rft.issn=00029262&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - infants; growth; smoking; epidemiology; passive smoking; lactation; weight; breast feeding; man ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Heterosexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 from transfusion recipients to their sex partners AN - 16620723; 3649804 AB - Using lookback procedures and other methods, we identified and then prospectively followed human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected transfusion recipients and their sex partners to determine AIDS incidence and risks of heterosexual transmission of HIV-1. At enrollment, 7 of 32 (21.9%) female partners of male recipients were themselves infected with HIV-1, as compared with none of 14 male partners of female recipients (p = 0.08). No additional episodes of transmission were observed. The prevalence of advanced immunodeficiency at enrollment was similar in male and female recipients. Male recipients with advanced immunodeficiency (CD4+ lymphocyte count less than or equal to 0.20 x 10 super(9)/L or a history of clinical AIDS) at enrollment were more likely to have infected their female partners (odds ratio = 7.9; p = 0.03) than men with neither condition. Similarly, AIDS-free survival, as estimated by the product-limit method, was lower among male transmitters than among male nontransmitters (p = 0.01). Transmission was not associated with frequency of unprotected vaginal intercourse. Our data suggest that HIV-1-infected men who develop immunodeficiency rapidly are more likely to infect their sex partners and that the greater efficiency of male-to-female HIV-1 transmission is not explained by a greater number of sexual contacts or more advanced immunodeficiency in index subjects. JF - JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes AU - O'Brien, T R AU - Busch, M P AU - Donegan, E AU - Ward, J W AU - Wong, L AU - Samson, S M AU - Perkins, HA AU - Altman, R AU - Stoneburner, R L AU - Holmberg, S D AD - NCI/NIH, Exec. Plaza North Build., Room 434, 6130 Exec. Blvd., Rockville, MD 20852, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 705 EP - 710 VL - 7 IS - 7 SN - 0894-9255, 0894-9255 KW - infection KW - transmission (sexual) KW - heterosexuality KW - blood transfusion KW - sexually transmitted diseases KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - human immunodeficiency virus 1 KW - epidemiology KW - H SM10.43:HIV/AIDS KW - V 22005:AIDS: Epidemiological aspects KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16620723?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JAIDS+Journal+of+Acquired+Immune+Deficiency+Syndromes&rft.atitle=Heterosexual+transmission+of+human+immunodeficiency+virus+type+1+from+transfusion+recipients+to+their+sex+partners&rft.au=O%27Brien%2C+T+R%3BBusch%2C+M+P%3BDonegan%2C+E%3BWard%2C+J+W%3BWong%2C+L%3BSamson%2C+S+M%3BPerkins%2C+HA%3BAltman%2C+R%3BStoneburner%2C+R+L%3BHolmberg%2C+S+D&rft.aulast=O%27Brien&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=705&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=JAIDS+Journal+of+Acquired+Immune+Deficiency+Syndromes&rft.issn=08949255&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - human immunodeficiency virus 1; epidemiology; sexually transmitted diseases; infection; transmission (sexual); heterosexuality; blood transfusion ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Surface plasmon resonance based methods for measuring the kinetics and binding affinities of biomolecular interactions AN - 16618392; 3646551 AB - Surface plasmon resonance is emerging as the method of choice to study biomolecular interactions between macromolecules because it allows the observation of real-time kinetics for these processes. The method is currently being applied to the study of antigen-antibody interactions, protein-DNA interactions, receptor SH2 domain-phosphotyrosine peptide interactions and receptor-ligand interactions. JF - Current Opinion in Biotechnology AU - Fisher, R J AU - Fivash, M AD - Lab. Cell. Biochem., PRI/DynCorp, P.O. Box B, NCI-Frederick Cancer Res. Dev. Cent., Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 389 EP - 395 VL - 5 IS - 4 SN - 0958-1669, 0958-1669 KW - interactions KW - surface plasmon resonance KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - measuring techniques KW - antigen-antibody interactions KW - binding KW - molecules KW - kinetics KW - W2 32250:Others KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16618392?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Opinion+in+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Surface+plasmon+resonance+based+methods+for+measuring+the+kinetics+and+binding+affinities+of+biomolecular+interactions&rft.au=Fisher%2C+R+J%3BFivash%2C+M&rft.aulast=Fisher&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=389&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+Opinion+in+Biotechnology&rft.issn=09581669&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - antigen-antibody interactions; measuring techniques; molecules; binding; kinetics ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Structural characterization of Pseudomonas 7A glutaminase-asparaginase AN - 16615765; 3648962 AB - The amino acid sequence and a 2-angstrom-resolution crystallographic structure of Pseudomonas 7A glutaminase-asparaginase (PGA) have been determined. PGA, which belongs to the family of tetrameric bacterial amidohydrolases, deamidates glutamine and asparagine. The amino acid sequence of PGA has a high degree of similarity to the sequences of other members of the family. PGA has the same fold as other bacterial amidohydrolases, with the exception of the position of a 20-residue loop that forms part of the active site. In the PGA structure presented here, the active site loop is observed clearly in only one monomer, in an open position, with a conformation different from that observed for other amidohydrolases. In the other three monomers the loop is disordered and cannot be traced. This phenomenon is probably a direct consequence of a very low occupancy of product(s) of the enzymatic reaction bound in the active sites of PGA in these crystals. The active sites are composed of a rigid part and the flexible loop. The rigid part consists of the residues directly involved in the catalytic reaction as well as residues that assist in orienting the substrate. Two residues that are important for activity reside on the flexible loop. We suggest that the flexible loops actively participate in the transport of substrate and product molecules through the amidohydrolase active sites and participate in orienting the substrate molecules properly in relation to the catalytic residues. JF - Biochemistry (Washington) AU - Lubkowski, J AU - Wlodawer, A AU - Ammon, H L AU - Copeland, T D AU - Swain, AL AD - Macromol. Struct. Lab. and Spec. Program in Protein Chem., NCI-FCRDC, ABL-Basic Res. Program, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 10257 EP - 10265 VL - 33 IS - 34 SN - 0006-2960, 0006-2960 KW - glutaminase-asparaginase KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - X-ray crystallography KW - active sites KW - crystal structure KW - Pseudomonas KW - J 02728:Enzymes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16615765?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemistry+%28Washington%29&rft.atitle=Structural+characterization+of+Pseudomonas+7A+glutaminase-asparaginase&rft.au=Lubkowski%2C+J%3BWlodawer%2C+A%3BAmmon%2C+H+L%3BCopeland%2C+T+D%3BSwain%2C+AL&rft.aulast=Lubkowski&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=34&rft.spage=10257&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biochemistry+%28Washington%29&rft.issn=00062960&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pseudomonas; crystal structure; X-ray crystallography; active sites ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risk factors for esophageal cancer in Shanghai, China. II. Role of diet and nutrients AN - 16615487; 3636866 AB - A population-based case-control study of esophageal cancer (902 cases, 1,552 controls) in Shanghai, China, investigated the etiologic role of diet. After adjustment for cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption and other risk factors, increasing consumption of fruits, dark orange vegetables and beef or mutton was associated with statistically significant decreasing trends in risk for esophageal cancer. In general, risks were about 40% lower among those in the upper vs. lower quartiles of intake of these foods. Fivefold increases in risk were observed among those who consumed burning hot soup or porridge, with smaller excesses for preserved vegetables, salty and deep fried foods. Nutrient analysis revealed that increased dietary intake of protein, carotene, vitamins C and E and riboflavin was associated with reduced esophageal cancer risk. Our findings support the notion that the reported temporal increases in the per capita consumption of fruits, vegetables and animal products contribute to the substantial reduction in the incidence of esophageal cancer in Shanghai, particularly since cigarette and alcohol use has not decreased. JF - International Journal of Cancer AU - Gao, Yu-Tang AU - McLaughlin, J K AU - Gridley, G AU - Blot, W J AU - Ji, Bu-Tian AU - Dai, Qi AU - Fraumeni, JF Jr AD - NCI, 6130 Executive Blvd., Room 415, Rockville, MD 20852, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 197 EP - 202 VL - 58 IS - 2 SN - 0020-7136, 0020-7136 KW - foods KW - esophagus KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Risk Abstracts KW - etiology KW - diets KW - nutrients KW - food KW - China, People's Rep., Shanghai KW - cancer KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16615487?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Cancer&rft.atitle=Risk+factors+for+esophageal+cancer+in+Shanghai%2C+China.+II.+Role+of+diet+and+nutrients&rft.au=Gao%2C+Yu-Tang%3BMcLaughlin%2C+J+K%3BGridley%2C+G%3BBlot%2C+W+J%3BJi%2C+Bu-Tian%3BDai%2C+Qi%3BFraumeni%2C+JF+Jr&rft.aulast=Gao&rft.aufirst=Yu-Tang&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=197&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Cancer&rft.issn=00207136&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - China, People's Rep., Shanghai; cancer; diets; nutrients; etiology; food; esophagus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Administration of recombinant human IL-7 to mice alters the composition of B-lineage cells and T cell subsets, enhances T cell function, and induces regression of established metastases AN - 16612996; 3640819 AB - These studies investigate the effects of exogenously administered recombinant human IL-7 (rhIL-7) on mouse leukocyte subsets in vivo in normal and tumor-bearing mice. The administration of rhIL-7 to normal mice caused a pronounced leukocytosis (three- to fivefold increase over background) in the spleen and lymph nodes, with B-lineage and T cells, NK cells, and macrophages all being increased. CD8 super(+) T cells increased disproportionately, such that the CD4 to CD8 ratio decreased dramatically. The rhIL-7-induced effects were dose-dependent, increased with duration of treatment, and were reversible after cessation of rhIL-7 administration. The results demonstrate that the administration of rhIL-7 to mice profoundly increases the number of B and T cells, and reduces the number of pulmonary metastases. The results also suggest that IL-7 may be useful for restoring lymphoid subsets in immunosuppressed hosts and in enhancing T cell-mediated immune responses. Such effects may be useful in the treatment of microbial diseases and cancer. JF - Journal of Immunology AU - Komschlies, K L AU - Gregorio, T A AU - Gruys, ME AU - Back, T C AU - Faltynek, C R AU - Wiltrout, R H AD - Biol. Carcinogen. and Dev. Program, Program Resources, Inc./DynCorp, NCI-FCRDC, Build. 560, Rm. 31-93, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 5776 EP - 5784 VL - 152 IS - 12 SN - 0022-1767, 0022-1767 KW - mice KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts KW - response KW - lymphocytes T KW - interleukin 7 KW - immunotherapy KW - metastases KW - regression KW - kidney KW - lymphocytes B KW - man KW - carcinoma KW - F 06818:Cancer immunotherapy KW - W3 33160:Antibody based KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16612996?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Immunology&rft.atitle=Administration+of+recombinant+human+IL-7+to+mice+alters+the+composition+of+B-lineage+cells+and+T+cell+subsets%2C+enhances+T+cell+function%2C+and+induces+regression+of+established+metastases&rft.au=Komschlies%2C+K+L%3BGregorio%2C+T+A%3BGruys%2C+ME%3BBack%2C+T+C%3BFaltynek%2C+C+R%3BWiltrout%2C+R+H&rft.aulast=Komschlies&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=152&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=5776&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Immunology&rft.issn=00221767&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - response; lymphocytes T; interleukin 7; metastases; immunotherapy; regression; kidney; lymphocytes B; man; carcinoma ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In vitro and ex vivo effects of cyclosporin A on phagocytic host defenses against Aspergillus fumigatus AN - 16601724; 3669848 AB - Because cyclosporin A (CsA) is extensively used as an immunosuppressive agent, its effects on phagocytic defenses against Aspergillus fumigatus were studied in vitro and ex vivo. After incubation with 10 to 250 ng of CsA per ml at 37 degree C for 60 min, polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) exhibited unaltered superoxide anion (O sub(2) super(-)) production in response to phorbol myristate acetate and N-formylmethionyl leucyl phenylalanine, whereas greater than or equal to 500 ng/ml significantly suppressed it (P < 0.01). Moreover, at <250 ng of CsA per ml, PMNs exhibited no change in their capacity to damage unopsonized hyphae of A. fumigatus compared with controls, whereas at greater than or equal to 250 ng/ml, CsA suppressed the function (P < 0.01). Although neither CsA (250 ng/ml) nor hydrocortisone (10 mu g/ml) suppressed PMN O sub(2) super(-) production in response to phorbol myristate acetate and N-formylmethionyl leucyl phenylalanine, combination of the two agents reduced the function compared with that at the baseline (P < 0.05). Incubation of monocytes with 100 ng of CsA per ml for 1 or 2 days suppressed their antihyphal activity. No essential change in phagocytic activity of monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) against A. fumigatus conidia, tested as the percentage of phagocytosing MDMs and average number of MDM-associated conidia, was detected after 2 or 4 days of incubation with 10 to 1,000 ng of CsA per ml. Furthermore, in rabbits treated with CsA (up to 20 mg/kg of body weight per day intravenously for 7 days), neither O sub(2) super(-) production and hyphal damage caused by PMNs or monocytes against hyphae nor phagocytosis of conidia by pulmonary alveolar macrophages was significantly suppressed. Thus, these results demonstrated that CsA within therapeutically relevant concentrations does not suppress antifungal activity of phagocytes except that of circulating monocytes. However, it may induce significant immunosuppression of phagocytes' antifungal function at relatively high concentrations in vitro, especially when combined with corticosteroids. JF - Antimicrobial Agents & Chemotherapy AU - Roilides, E AU - Robinson, T AU - Sein, T AU - Pizzo, P A AU - Walsh, T J AD - Pediatric Branch, NCI, Bldg. 10, Rm. 13N240, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 2883 EP - 2888 VL - 38 IS - 12 SN - 0066-4804, 0066-4804 KW - cyclosporin A KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - immunosuppression KW - Aspergillus fumigatus KW - host range KW - activity KW - A 01067:Antifungal & fungicidal KW - K 03063:Effects of physical & chemical factors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16601724?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.atitle=In+vitro+and+ex+vivo+effects+of+cyclosporin+A+on+phagocytic+host+defenses+against+Aspergillus+fumigatus&rft.au=Roilides%2C+E%3BRobinson%2C+T%3BSein%2C+T%3BPizzo%2C+P+A%3BWalsh%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=Roilides&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=2883&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.issn=00664804&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aspergillus fumigatus; activity; host range; immunosuppression ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cohort study among workers exposed to benzene in China: I. General methods and resources AN - 16599493; 3660077 AB - Benzene is recognized internationally as a leukemogen, but the available data to clarify dose-response relationships and examine risks of malignancies other than leukemia are sparse. A collaborative study was therefore carried out to expand on a previous retrospective cohort mortality study of Chinese benzene-exposed workers. Methods and resources used in the 16-year follow-up of 74,828 benzene-exposed and 35,805 unexposed workers employed for any length of time during 1972-1987 in 712 factories in 12 cities in China are described. Details are provided of the study organization, assessment of benzene exposures since 1949, characterization of factories and workers by exposure status, city, and sex, identification and confirmation of cancers and other deaths, and quality control procedures. The distinguishing features of the study are discussed in relation to earlier cohort studies, and study limitations as well as strengths are presented. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Yin, S-N AU - Linet AU - Hayes, R B AU - Li, G-L AU - Dosemeci, M AU - Wang, Y-Z AU - Chow, W-H AU - Jiang, Z-L AU - Wacholder, S AU - Zhang, W-U AD - Epidemiol. and Biostat. Prog., NCI, EPN 415, Rockville, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 383 EP - 400 VL - 26 IS - 3 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - benzene KW - factories KW - man KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - historical account KW - leukemia KW - occupational exposure KW - dose-response effects KW - industries KW - China, People's Rep. KW - cancer KW - H SI6.3:HAZARD DETERMINATION KW - H SM10.21:CANCER KW - X 24152:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16599493?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Cohort+study+among+workers+exposed+to+benzene+in+China%3A+I.+General+methods+and+resources&rft.au=Yin%2C+S-N%3BLinet%3BHayes%2C+R+B%3BLi%2C+G-L%3BDosemeci%2C+M%3BWang%2C+Y-Z%3BChow%2C+W-H%3BJiang%2C+Z-L%3BWacholder%2C+S%3BZhang%2C+W-U&rft.aulast=Yin&rft.aufirst=S-N&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=383&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - China, People's Rep.; benzene; occupational exposure; leukemia; cancer; dose-response effects; historical account; factories; industries; man ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative tolerability profiles of the newer versus older antidepressants AN - 16593765; 3647644 AB - Although the standard tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) are generally effective in the treatment of depression, they can cause several troublesome adverse effects. Chief among these are their anticholinergic actions, which range from annoying dryness of the mouth and constipation to potentially dangerous urinary retention and confusion or delirium in the ill and elderly. Cardiovascular effects of TCAs include orthostatic hypotension, tachycardia and cardiac conduction slowing. Many TCAs are sedating and promote weight gain. Also problematic is the potential lethality of TCAs in overdose. The continual introduction of a host of new antidepressants over the past 15 years has provided an opportunity to improve the benefit-risk ratio for many patients by reducing medication-related toxicity. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and amfebutamone (bupropion), among others, are examples of effective antidepressants free of tricyclic-like anticholinergic, cardiovascular, sedating and appetite/weight-increasing effects. However, the new-generation drugs also present adverse effects of their own, including gastrointestinal distress, agitation and drug-drug interactions in the case of the SSRIs, and the risk of seizures or psychosis in amfebutamone recipients. JF - Drug Safety AU - Rudorfer, M V AU - Manji, H K AU - Potter, W Z AD - Sect. Clin. Pharmacol., Exp. Ther. Branch, NIMH/NIH, Build. 10, Room 2D46, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 47 EP - 65 VL - 10 IS - 1 SN - 0114-5916, 0114-5916 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - side effects KW - antidepressants KW - tricyclic antidepressants KW - man KW - X 24113:Side effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16593765?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Drug+Safety&rft.atitle=Comparative+tolerability+profiles+of+the+newer+versus+older+antidepressants&rft.au=Rudorfer%2C+M+V%3BManji%2C+H+K%3BPotter%2C+W+Z&rft.aulast=Rudorfer&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=47&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Drug+Safety&rft.issn=01145916&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - tricyclic antidepressants; side effects; man; antidepressants ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The cytotoxicity of thioguanine vs mercaptopurine in acute lymphoblastic leukemia AN - 16587378; 3677323 AB - The use of mercaptopurine (MP) rather than thioguanine (TG) in the treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has occurred for historical reasons, but does not have a pharmacologic basis. The purpose of this study was to begin to address whether TG would be more efficacious than MP in the treatment of childhood ALL. Pre-clinical cytotoxicity studies were performed using human leukemic cell lines and leukemic cells from patients with ALL. First, the concentration-survival curves for MP and TG in three human leukemic cell lines (MOLT-4, CCRF-CEM and Wilson) were determined. The second group of experiments determined the concentration-time dependence for cytotoxicity of MP and TG. The final group of experiments compared the in vitro cytotoxicity of MP to TG in leukemic cells from patients with ALL. The thiopurines displayed classical anti-metabolite cytotoxicity profiles, exhibiting a cytotoxicity threshold concentration and demonstrating an increase in cell kill with prolongation of exposure to the drug. For MP, the cytotoxicity threshold was approximately 1 mu M, with maximum cytotoxicity occurring with 10 mu M concentrations. For TG, the threshold was only 0.05 mu M with maximum cytotoxicity occurring at 0.5 mu M. Exposure to MP for more than 8 h was necessary to produce cytotoxicity, whereas exposures as short as 4 h were required for TG. Leukemic cells from children with ALL were also more sensitive to TG than to MP. The median IC sub(50) for TG (20 mu M) was significantly lower than that for MP ( greater than or equal to 206 mu M). The data presented here provide a strong rationale for evaluating TG in place of MP in the treatment of childhood ALL. The more direct intracellular activation pathway, higher potency, and shorter duration of drug exposure necessary for cytotoxicity all suggest that TG may have an advantage over MP. JF - Leukemia Research AU - Adamson, P C AU - Poplack, D G AU - Balis, F M AD - Pharmacol. and Exp. Ther. Sect., Pediatr. Branch, NCI, Build. 10, Rm. 13N240, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 805 EP - 810 VL - 18 IS - 11 SN - 0145-2126, 0145-2126 KW - thioguanine KW - mercaptopurine KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids KW - cytotoxicity KW - acute lymphatic leukemia KW - man KW - X 24117:Biochemistry KW - N 14120:Biological properties UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16587378?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Leukemia+Research&rft.atitle=The+cytotoxicity+of+thioguanine+vs+mercaptopurine+in+acute+lymphoblastic+leukemia&rft.au=Adamson%2C+P+C%3BPoplack%2C+D+G%3BBalis%2C+F+M&rft.aulast=Adamson&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=805&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Leukemia+Research&rft.issn=01452126&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - cytotoxicity; acute lymphatic leukemia; man ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantitative analysis of viral burden in tissues from adults and children with symptomatic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection assessed by polymerase chain reaction AN - 16586746; 3670891 AB - The amount of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in various tissues was investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 16 patients with end-stage HIV-1 infection and 7 patients with symptomatic but less advanced disease. During postmortem study of the 16 end-stage patients, HIV-1 DNA was found most often in lymph nodes and the spleen (both 100%), lung (93.8%), and colon (87.5%). Biopsied lymph nodes from the 7 symptomatic patients contained substantially higher copy numbers of HIV-1 RNA and DNA than did peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Plasma viral RNA levels correlated significantly with the amount of HIV-1 RNA in PBMC (r super(2) = .86, P = .0025) but not with the level of viral RNA in lymph nodes in patients with symptomatic HIV-1 infection. These data suggest that although lymph nodes represent the main site for HIV-1 infection and replication, the level of circulating viral burden may not be solely determined by the magnitude of active HIV-1 replication in lymph nodes. JF - Journal of Infectious Diseases AU - Sei, S AU - Kleiner, DE AU - Kopp, J B AU - Chandra, R AU - Klotman, P E AU - Yarchoan, R AU - Pizzo, P A AU - Mitsuya, H AD - NCI/NIH, Bldg. 10, Room 13N240, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 325 EP - 333 VL - 170 IS - 2 SN - 0022-1899, 0022-1899 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - nucleotide sequence KW - pediatrics KW - lymphocytes KW - human immunodeficiency virus 1 KW - lymph nodes KW - quantitation KW - infection KW - DNA KW - autopsy KW - man KW - adolescence KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - V 22004:AIDS: Clinical aspects KW - W3 33130:Genetic based (PCR, etc.) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16586746?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=Quantitative+analysis+of+viral+burden+in+tissues+from+adults+and+children+with+symptomatic+human+immunodeficiency+virus+type+1+infection+assessed+by+polymerase+chain+reaction&rft.au=Sei%2C+S%3BKleiner%2C+DE%3BKopp%2C+J+B%3BChandra%2C+R%3BKlotman%2C+P+E%3BYarchoan%2C+R%3BPizzo%2C+P+A%3BMitsuya%2C+H&rft.aulast=Sei&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=170&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=325&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Infectious+Diseases&rft.issn=00221899&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - nucleotide sequence; pediatrics; lymphocytes; lymph nodes; quantitation; DNA; infection; autopsy; man; adolescence; human immunodeficiency virus 1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Demonstration of human T lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I)-specific T cell responses from seronegative and polymerase chain reaction-negative persons exposed to HTLV-I AN - 16586362; 3670930 AB - Human T lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) is a human retrovirus etiologically linked to adult T cell leukemia and the progressive chronic neurologic disease HTLV-I-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis. Described is a method that measures the production of interleukin-2 from HTLV-I synthetic peptide-stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of HTLV-I-infected persons. The peptides correspond to immunogenic regions of the HTLV-I Env and Tax proteins. Significantly, this assay demonstrated T cell responses to these HTLV-I peptides from coded PBL samples in 7 of 19 HTLV-I-seronegative polymerase chain reaction-negative persons known to have been exposed to HTLV-I but in none of 16 matched controls without risk factors for exposure (P = .007). The implications of this finding are discussed. JF - Journal of Infectious Diseases AU - Nishimura, M AU - Kermode, A G AU - Clerici, M AU - Shearer, G M AU - Berzofsky, JA AU - Uchiyama, T AU - Wiktor, S Z AU - Pate, E AU - Jacobson, S AD - NIH/NINDS, Bldg. 10, Room 5B-16, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 334 EP - 348 VL - 170 IS - 2 SN - 0022-1899, 0022-1899 KW - T cell leukemia virus I KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - interleukin 2 KW - nucleotide sequence KW - detection KW - lymphocytes T KW - immune response (cell-mediated) KW - antibodies KW - man KW - V 22099:Immune response & immune mechanisms KW - W3 33240:Immunology KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16586362?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=Demonstration+of+human+T+lymphotropic+virus+type+I+%28HTLV-I%29-specific+T+cell+responses+from+seronegative+and+polymerase+chain+reaction-negative+persons+exposed+to+HTLV-I&rft.au=Nishimura%2C+M%3BKermode%2C+A+G%3BClerici%2C+M%3BShearer%2C+G+M%3BBerzofsky%2C+JA%3BUchiyama%2C+T%3BWiktor%2C+S+Z%3BPate%2C+E%3BJacobson%2C+S&rft.aulast=Nishimura&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=170&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=334&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Infectious+Diseases&rft.issn=00221899&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - nucleotide sequence; interleukin 2; detection; lymphocytes T; immune response (cell-mediated); antibodies; man ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Isolation, characterization, and expression in Escherichia coli of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa rhlAB genes encoding a rhamnosyltransferase involved in rhamnolipid biosurfactant synthesis AN - 16578911; 3665552 AB - Transposon Tn5-GM-induced mutant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa which are unable to produce rhamnolipid biosurfactants and lack rhamnosyltransferase activity have been isolated. The DNA regions flanking the transposon were cloned and used as specific probes for the isolation of the corresponding wild-type genes from a P. aeruginosa wild-type cosmid gene library. Single cosmid clones capable of restoring rhamnolipid synthesis in the mutant strains were isolated and further subcloned and sequenced, resulting in the identification of two genes (rhlAB) which are organized as an operon upstream of the previously identified rhlR regulatory gene. The RhlA protein (32.5 kDa) harbors a putative signal sequence, suggesting that this protein is located in the periplasm, while the RhlB protein (47 kDa) contains at least two putative membrane-spanning domains. JF - Journal of Biological Chemistry AU - Ochsner, U A AU - Fiechter, A AU - Reiser, J AD - NIH, NINDS, Build. 10, Rm. 3D04, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 19787 EP - 19795 VL - 269 IS - 31 SN - 0021-9258, 0021-9258 KW - rhamnosyltransferase KW - rhlAB gene KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - nucleotide sequence KW - amino acid sequence KW - surfactants KW - prediction KW - Pseudomonas aeruginosa KW - N 14640:Structure & sequence KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16578911?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biological+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Isolation%2C+characterization%2C+and+expression+in+Escherichia+coli+of+the+Pseudomonas+aeruginosa+rhlAB+genes+encoding+a+rhamnosyltransferase+involved+in+rhamnolipid+biosurfactant+synthesis&rft.au=Ochsner%2C+U+A%3BFiechter%2C+A%3BReiser%2C+J&rft.aulast=Ochsner&rft.aufirst=U&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=269&rft.issue=31&rft.spage=19787&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Biological+Chemistry&rft.issn=00219258&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pseudomonas aeruginosa; nucleotide sequence; amino acid sequence; prediction; surfactants ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Treatment and developmental therapeutics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections AN - 16569043; 3646320 AB - Tuberculosis still remains a serious health problem in many regions of the world, especially in developing nations. With the spread of AIDS and the increase in the number of immunocompromised patients, the problem of tuberculosis has been greatly exacerbated because of the susceptibility of such patients to mycobacteria. Currently, chemotherapy using multiple drug regimens with isoniazid, rifampin, streptomycin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol is the recommended treatment for tuberculosis. The presence of drug resistance is still a major concern and new generations of more effective antimycobacterial agents (antibiotics, fluoroquinolone derivatives) are the subject of active investigation. The search for novel strategies to cure tuberculosis led to studies exploring the role of cytokines in host defenses and the application of adoptive immunotherapy. New and improved methodology for in vitro and in vivo screening of antimycobacterial activity has also been reported. JF - International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents AU - St. Georgiev, V AD - NIAID/NIH, Solar Build., Room 4C-04, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 157 EP - 173 VL - 4 IS - 3 SN - 0924-8579, 0924-8579 KW - isoniazid KW - rifampin KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - BCG KW - treatment KW - immunotherapy KW - drug resistance KW - infection KW - antibacterial agents KW - Mycobacterium tuberculosis KW - J 02845:Ear, nose and respiratory tract UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16569043?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Antimicrobial+Agents&rft.atitle=Treatment+and+developmental+therapeutics+of+Mycobacterium+tuberculosis+infections&rft.au=St.+Georgiev%2C+V&rft.aulast=St.+Georgiev&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=157&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Antimicrobial+Agents&rft.issn=09248579&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycobacterium tuberculosis; infection; antibacterial agents; treatment; drug resistance; immunotherapy; BCG ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risk factors for esophageal cancer in Shanghai, China. I. Role of cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking AN - 16568292; 3636885 AB - A population-based case-control study of esophageal cancer was conducted in urban Shanghai involving interviews with 902 cases and 1,552 controls. Risk of esophageal cancer was increased among tobacco smokers and alcohol drinkers. Odds ratios (OR) for smoking were 2.1 and 1.6 for men and women, respectively, and increased with number of cigarettes smoked per day, duration of smoking, number of pack-years and decreasing age at start of smoking. For men who were current alcohol drinkers OR was 1.4, with the excess risk primarily among heavy drinkers. Few women drank alcoholic beverages. The combined effect of heavy smoking and drinking among men was pronounced: OR was 12.0 for those who smoked more than 1 pack per day and drank more than 750 g of ethanol per week. The relation with smoking appeared stronger for cancers of the middle and lower thirds of the esophagus than for the upper third, while patterns of risk for squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma were similar. Heavy drinking affected all 3 subsites, with increased risks mainly limited to squamous cell carcinoma. Cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking combined accounted for almost 50% of all esophageal cancers among men in Shanghai; among women, 14% of cases were attributed to smoking. Our study confirms that smoking and drinking are important risk factors for esophageal cancer in China, thereby paralleling findings from developed countries. JF - International Journal of Cancer AU - Gao, Yu-Tang AU - McLaughlin, J K AU - Blot, W J AU - Ji, Bu-Tian AU - Benichou, J AU - Dai, Qi AU - Fraumeni, JF Jr AD - NCI, 6130 Executive Blvd., Room 415, Rockville, MD 20852, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 192 EP - 196 VL - 58 IS - 2 SN - 0020-7136, 0020-7136 KW - alcohol KW - ethanol KW - esophagus KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Risk Abstracts KW - cigarette smoking KW - statistical analysis KW - China, People's Rep., Shanghai KW - cancer KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - X 24180:Social poisons & drug abuse UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16568292?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Cancer&rft.atitle=Risk+factors+for+esophageal+cancer+in+Shanghai%2C+China.+I.+Role+of+cigarette+smoking+and+alcohol+drinking&rft.au=Gao%2C+Yu-Tang%3BMcLaughlin%2C+J+K%3BBlot%2C+W+J%3BJi%2C+Bu-Tian%3BBenichou%2C+J%3BDai%2C+Qi%3BFraumeni%2C+JF+Jr&rft.aulast=Gao&rft.aufirst=Yu-Tang&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=192&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Cancer&rft.issn=00207136&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - China, People's Rep., Shanghai; cancer; cigarette smoking; statistical analysis; alcohol; ethanol; esophagus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Recent advances in the management of AIDS-related opportunistic infections AN - 15661660; 3953496 AB - Secondary infections remain the leading cause of death in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Dealing with the rapidly evolving spectrum of infectious problems seen in patients with AIDS requires knowledge of current therapeutic and prophylactic strategies. Through an extensive preclinical trials network supported by both industry and government, an increasing number of new agents are being identified and rapidly moved into clinical trials. Several agents are now available to treat diseases caused by Pneumocystis carinii, and corticosteroids have become a useful adjunct to antimicrobial agents in the treatment of P. carinii pneumonia. Although the treatment of toxoplasmosis remains a challenge, alternatives to sulfadiazine and pyrimethamine are now available. Mycobacterial infections, particularly with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, have become an increasing problem for patients with AIDS, and both old and new combination drug regimens are being used. Cytomegalovirus disease, until recently an untreatable problem, can now at least be partially managed with antiviral agents. The use of more complete prophylactic regimens may decrease the morbidity and mortality from opportunistic infections. JF - Annals of Internal Medicine AU - Lane, H C AU - Laughon, B E AU - Falloon, J AU - Kovacs, JA AU - Davey, RT Jr AU - Polis, MA AU - Masur, H AD - NIAID/NIH, Bldg. 10, Rm. 11B09, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 945 EP - 955 VL - 120 IS - 11 SN - 0003-4819, 0003-4819 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - opportunist infection KW - Pneumocystis carinii KW - treatment KW - mortality KW - pneumonia KW - acquired immune deficiency syndrome KW - Mycobacterium tuberculosis KW - K 03087:Fungi: human KW - J 02845:Ear, nose and respiratory tract KW - V 22004:AIDS: Clinical aspects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15661660?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+Internal+Medicine&rft.atitle=Recent+advances+in+the+management+of+AIDS-related+opportunistic+infections&rft.au=Lane%2C+H+C%3BLaughon%2C+B+E%3BFalloon%2C+J%3BKovacs%2C+JA%3BDavey%2C+RT+Jr%3BPolis%2C+MA%3BMasur%2C+H&rft.aulast=Lane&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=120&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=945&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+Internal+Medicine&rft.issn=00034819&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pneumocystis carinii; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; acquired immune deficiency syndrome; opportunist infection; treatment; pneumonia; mortality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Synthesis of the methyl alpha -glycoside of the intracatenary disaccharide repeating unit of the O-polysaccharide of Vibrio cholerae O:1. A comparison of two assembly strategies AN - 15610664; 3925593 AB - The two strategies engaged in the construction of the title disaccharide 17 comprise: 1. assembly of a diamino disaccharide and its N-acylation using chiral reagents to introduce the 4-(-3-deoxy-L-glycero-tetronyl) group followed by deprotection and 2. preparation of a glycosyl acceptor and a glycosyl donor both having the chiral 3-deoxy-L-glycero-tetronamido group already in place, their condensation to give a fully substituted disaccharide, and deprotection. Accordingly, the crystalline diamino disaccharide methyl 2-O-(amino-3-O-benzyl 4,6-dideoxy- alpha -D-mannopyranosyl) 4-amino-3-O-benzyl-4,6 -dideoxy alpha -D-mannopyranoside, (14), was prepared from the known [Bundle D. R. et al., Carbohydr. Res., 174, 239 (1988)] diazido disaccharide 12, and treated with the lactone 30, or its acetylated or benzylated analogs 31 and 32, respectively, as the N-acylating reagents. Subsequent deprotection of the respective products applying standard chemistry gave 17. Alternatively, the methyl alpha -glycoside of the monomeric intracatenary repeating unit of Vibrio cholerae O:1 (2) was converted to the fully benzoylated glycosyl chloride 26, and the latter glycosyl donor was condensed with methyl 3-O-benzyl-4,6-dideoxy 4-(2,4-di-O-benzoyl 3-deoxy-L-glycero-tetronamido) alpha - D-mannopyranoside (24), to give the corresponding fully protected derivative 27. Deprotection then readily gave 17. It appears that the title disaccharide can be most efficiently synthesized using synthons 24 and 26. The lactones 30 and 32 appear to be promising acylating reagents for the introduction of the 3-deoxy-L-glycero-tetronamido group when higher oligosaccharides in this series will be synthesized via their (poly)amino precursors. JF - Journal of Carbohydrate Chemistry AU - Gotoh, M AU - Kovac, P AD - NIDDK, Natl. Inst. Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1193 EP - 1213 VL - 13 IS - 8 SN - 0732-8303, 0732-8303 KW - methyl alpha -glycoside KW - disaccharides KW - polysaccharides KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Vibrio cholerae KW - J 02730:Carbohydrates UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15610664?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Carbohydrate+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Synthesis+of+the+methyl+alpha+-glycoside+of+the+intracatenary+disaccharide+repeating+unit+of+the+O-polysaccharide+of+Vibrio+cholerae+O%3A1.+A+comparison+of+two+assembly+strategies&rft.au=Gotoh%2C+M%3BKovac%2C+P&rft.aulast=Gotoh&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1193&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Carbohydrate+Chemistry&rft.issn=07328303&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Vibrio cholerae ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of L-ascorbic acid pretreatment on cadmium toxicity in the male Fischer (F344/NCr) rat. AN - 76213968; 8303714 AB - Some studies have indicated that cadmium-induced lethality and selective injurious effects to specific tissues, such as testes or liver, can be prevented by pretreatment with the antioxidant L-ascorbic acid (ascorbic acid). However, the basis of this tolerance is unclear. We examined the effects of ascorbic acid pretreatment on cadmium toxicity in male Fischer (F344/NCr) rats. Cadmium treatment alone (25 mumol CdCl2/kg, s.c.) proved lethal, causing a 93% mortality within 72 h, but in rats pretreated with ascorbic acid (2 g/kg, s.c. 24, 12 and 1 h) cadmium-induced lethality was nearly prevented. Hepatic lesions, including hepatocellular necrosis, induced by cadmium were at least partially ameliorated by ascorbic acid pretreatment. Ascorbic acid pretreatment had no effect on cadmium-induced testicular lesions nor on cadmium content in testes, liver, kidney and urine. Ascorbic acid alone modestly increased hepatic metallothionein (MT), but not renal MT and had no effect on induction of hepatic or renal MT by cadmium. In contrast to liver and kidney, testicular cadmium-binding protein (TCBP) in rats exposed to cadmium alone decreased markedly. Moreover, the level of TCBP decreased unexpectedly in ascorbic acid pretreated rats as compared with control. These results indicate that ascorbic acid pretreatment decreases the toxicity of cadmium in the rat without markedly modifying its toxicokinetics or markedly stimulating MT synthesis. JF - Toxicology AU - Shiraishi, N AU - Uno, H AU - Waalkes, M P AD - Inorganic Carcinogenesis Section, National Cancer Institute, Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, MD 21702-1201. Y1 - 1993/12/31/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Dec 31 SP - 85 EP - 100 VL - 85 IS - 2-3 SN - 0300-483X, 0300-483X KW - Oligonucleotide Probes KW - 0 KW - RNA, Messenger KW - cadmium-binding protein KW - Metallothionein KW - 9038-94-2 KW - L-Lactate Dehydrogenase KW - EC 1.1.1.27 KW - Ascorbic Acid KW - PQ6CK8PD0R KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Kidney -- metabolism KW - Testis -- metabolism KW - Metallothionein -- biosynthesis KW - Kidney -- drug effects KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Metallothionein -- genetics KW - Tissue Distribution KW - Rats KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Base Sequence KW - Testis -- drug effects KW - RNA, Messenger -- metabolism KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - L-Lactate Dehydrogenase -- blood KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Male KW - Ascorbic Acid -- pharmacology KW - Cadmium Poisoning -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76213968?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+L-ascorbic+acid+pretreatment+on+cadmium+toxicity+in+the+male+Fischer+%28F344%2FNCr%29+rat.&rft.au=Shiraishi%2C+N%3BUno%2C+H%3BWaalkes%2C+M+P&rft.aulast=Shiraishi&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1993-12-31&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=85&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology&rft.issn=0300483X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-03-09 N1 - Date created - 1994-03-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biochemical analysis of Escherichia coli selenophosphate synthetase mutants. Lysine 20 is essential for catalytic activity and cysteine 17/19 for 8-azido-ATP derivatization. AN - 76141477; 8262938 AB - A labile selenium donor compound, selenophosphate, is formed from selenide and ATP by selenophosphate synthetase. A cysteine residue (Cys-17) that is essential for catalytic activity of the enzyme (Kim, I.Y., Veres, Z., and Stadtman, T. C. (1992) J. Biol. Chem. 267, 19650-19654) is located in a glycine-rich segment near the N terminus of the protein. The possibility that this peptide sequence (HGAGCGCK) defines the ATP-binding site of the enzyme, as does a conserved ATP or GTP binding sequence (GXXXXGKS/T) found in several other proteins, was tested by site-specific mutagenesis. Thus His-13 and Gly-18 were changed to Asn and Val, respectively, and Lys-20 to Arg or Gln. Catalytic activity was markedly decreased by mutation of Lys-20 to Arg and abolished by mutation of Lys-20 to Gln. The mutation of Cys-19 and His-13 did not substantially alter the ATP Km and Vmax values, whereas the Gly-18 mutation resulted in a 4-fold increase in the ATP Km value compared with that of the wild type. ATP binding properties of the mutant enzymes were determined using Mn-[32P]ATP or Mn-[14C]ATP and gel filtration. Photoaffinity labeling of the proteins with [gamma-32P]8-azido-ATP showed that all mutant enzymes could be labeled with the ATP analog except those in which Cys-17 or Cys-19 were replaced with serine. JF - The Journal of biological chemistry AU - Kim, I Y AU - Veres, Z AU - Stadtman, T C AD - Laboratory of Biochemistry, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892. Y1 - 1993/12/25/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Dec 25 SP - 27020 EP - 27025 VL - 268 IS - 36 SN - 0021-9258, 0021-9258 KW - Affinity Labels KW - 0 KW - Azides KW - Bacterial Proteins KW - Drosophila Proteins KW - Metals KW - 8-azidoadenosine 5'-triphosphate KW - 53696-59-6 KW - Adenosine Triphosphate KW - 8L70Q75FXE KW - Phosphotransferases KW - EC 2.7.- KW - selenophosphate synthetase KW - EC 2.7.9.3 KW - Lysine KW - K3Z4F929H6 KW - Cysteine KW - K848JZ4886 KW - Index Medicus KW - Metals -- pharmacology KW - Base Sequence KW - Adenosine Triphosphate -- analogs & derivatives KW - Adenosine Triphosphate -- metabolism KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Substrate Specificity KW - Azides -- chemistry KW - Catalysis KW - Adenosine Triphosphate -- chemistry KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Cysteine -- metabolism KW - Bacterial Proteins -- genetics KW - Bacterial Proteins -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Cysteine -- genetics KW - Bacterial Proteins -- metabolism KW - Escherichia coli -- enzymology KW - Lysine -- genetics KW - Lysine -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76141477?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.atitle=Biochemical+analysis+of+Escherichia+coli+selenophosphate+synthetase+mutants.+Lysine+20+is+essential+for+catalytic+activity+and+cysteine+17%2F19+for+8-azido-ATP+derivatization.&rft.au=Kim%2C+I+Y%3BVeres%2C+Z%3BStadtman%2C+T+C&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=1993-12-25&rft.volume=268&rft.issue=36&rft.spage=27020&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.issn=00219258&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-01-27 N1 - Date created - 1994-01-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - p53: at the crossroads of molecular carcinogenesis and risk assessment. AN - 76116310; 8266092 JF - Science (New York, N.Y.) AU - Harris, C C AD - Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Division of Cancer Etiology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892. Y1 - 1993/12/24/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Dec 24 SP - 1980 EP - 1981 VL - 262 IS - 5142 SN - 0036-8075, 0036-8075 KW - p53 KW - Codon KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Risk KW - Animals KW - Codon -- genetics KW - Humans KW - Genes, p53 KW - Mutation KW - Neoplasms -- genetics KW - Neoplasms -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76116310?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science+%28New+York%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.atitle=p53%3A+at+the+crossroads+of+molecular+carcinogenesis+and+risk+assessment.&rft.au=Harris%2C+C+C&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1993-12-24&rft.volume=262&rft.issue=5142&rft.spage=1980&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Science+%28New+York%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.issn=00368075&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-01-21 N1 - Date created - 1994-01-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Gene symbol - p53 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cloning and organization of the abc and mdl genes of Escherichia coli: relationship to eukaryotic multidrug resistance. AN - 76167916; 7904973 AB - Using degenerate oligodeoxyribonucleotides from conserved regions of the gene family encoding ATP-binding domain of the active transporter, two new Escherichia coli genes were identified. The first of the genes, named mdl (multidrug resistance-like), is located at min 10.2 of the E. coli chromosome and encodes two ATP-binding motifs and two hydrophobic (transmembrane) domains. The ATP-binding domains of mdl show 35-38% amino acid (aa) identity with members of the eukaryotic P-glycoprotein/multidrug resistance family. To date, 25 members of the ATP-transporter/permease gene family have been characterized in E. coli. Comparison of the ATP-binding domains from this family indicates that mdl is part of a distinct subfamily of sequences that includes hlyB, msbA, and cvaB. Gene-disruption studies revealed that mdl is not essential for cell growth. The second open reading frame, named abc (ATP-binding cassette), is located at min 4.9 of the chromosome, encodes a single ATP-binding domain, and is most homologous to ftsE, a cell division control gene of E. coli. The abc gene product also shows aa sequence homology to several E. coli permeases. JF - Gene AU - Allikmets, R AU - Gerrard, B AU - Court, D AU - Dean, M AD - Laboratory of Viral Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, MD 21702. Y1 - 1993/12/22/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Dec 22 SP - 231 EP - 236 VL - 136 IS - 1-2 SN - 0378-1119, 0378-1119 KW - HuMDR1 KW - abc KW - mdl KW - Bacterial Proteins KW - 0 KW - Carrier Proteins KW - DNA, Bacterial KW - Escherichia coli Proteins KW - Membrane Glycoproteins KW - Membrane Proteins KW - P-Glycoprotein KW - mdlB protein, E coli KW - Adenosine Triphosphate KW - 8L70Q75FXE KW - Index Medicus KW - Base Sequence KW - Humans KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Membrane Proteins -- genetics KW - Chromosome Mapping KW - Membrane Glycoproteins -- genetics KW - Cloning, Molecular KW - Genes, Bacterial KW - Bacterial Proteins -- genetics KW - Carrier Proteins -- genetics KW - Drug Resistance, Microbial -- genetics KW - Escherichia coli -- drug effects KW - Escherichia coli -- genetics KW - ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76167916?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gene&rft.atitle=Cloning+and+organization+of+the+abc+and+mdl+genes+of+Escherichia+coli%3A+relationship+to+eukaryotic+multidrug+resistance.&rft.au=Allikmets%2C+R%3BGerrard%2C+B%3BCourt%2C+D%3BDean%2C+M&rft.aulast=Allikmets&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-12-22&rft.volume=136&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=231&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Gene&rft.issn=03781119&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-03-01 N1 - Date created - 1994-03-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Gene symbol - HuMDR1; abc; mdl N1 - Genetic sequence - Z15047; GENBANK; L15362; L08626; X72987; L08627; X72988; Z15048; X72989; L15363; L24529 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - LINE-1: a human transposable element. AN - 76150696; 8276257 AB - Among the 10(5) LINE-1 sequences (L1Hs) in the human genome are one or more 6-kb segments that are active retrotransposons. Expression of these retrotransposons appears to be favored in cells of germ line origin, as well as in some other tumor cells of epithelial origin. In such cells, the product of the first L1Hs open reading frame (ORF), a protein called p40, is detectable; p40 has no apparent similarity to gag proteins, but contains a leucine zipper region which may be responsible for the occurrence of p40 multimers. Transcription of L1Hs initiates at residue 1 although the transcriptional regulatory regions are downstream in the first 670 bp of the 5' untranslated region; deletion of a YY1-binding site in the first 20 bp reduces transcription by fivefold. Translation of the second ORF, which encodes reverse transcriptase, is independent of the translation of the frame encoding p40. JF - Gene AU - Singer, M F AU - Krek, V AU - McMillan, J P AU - Swergold, G D AU - Thayer, R E AD - Laboratory of Biochemistry, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892. Y1 - 1993/12/15/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Dec 15 SP - 183 EP - 188 VL - 135 IS - 1-2 SN - 0378-1119, 0378-1119 KW - DNA Transposable Elements KW - 0 KW - DNA-Binding Proteins KW - Proteins KW - Transcription Factors KW - L1Hs-encoded protein p40, human KW - 148349-28-4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Teratocarcinoma KW - Protein Biosynthesis KW - Animals KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured KW - Organ Specificity -- genetics KW - Open Reading Frames KW - Humans KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Transcription, Genetic KW - Mice KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Leucine Zippers KW - Transcription Factors -- genetics KW - Proteins -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76150696?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gene&rft.atitle=LINE-1%3A+a+human+transposable+element.&rft.au=Singer%2C+M+F%3BKrek%2C+V%3BMcMillan%2C+J+P%3BSwergold%2C+G+D%3BThayer%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Singer&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-12-15&rft.volume=135&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=183&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Gene&rft.issn=03781119&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-02-10 N1 - Date created - 1994-02-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Flavonol-stimulated efflux of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene in multidrug-resistant breast cancer cells. AN - 76127867; 7903198 AB - We used a series of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) expressing multidrug-resistant (MDR) cells, developed from human breast cancer MCF-7 cells by exposure to Adriamycin, to investigate the effects of flavonoids on P-gp-mediated efflux mechanisms for chemical carcinogens. We previously showed that MDR cells derived from exposure to Adriamycin are cross-resistant to a chemical carcinogen, benzo(a)pyrene, due to its cellular efflux by the P-gp-mediated putative drug efflux pump. Our current studies extended this observation to another polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene, known to induce mammary tumors in animals. In our attempt to find naturally occurring dietary compounds which may stimulate the P-gp-mediated efflux of carcinogens, we found that certain flavonols, kaempferol, quercetin, and galangin, are potent stimulators of the P-gp-mediated efflux of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)-anthracene. The increased efflux decreased the cellular burden of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene. Since these flavonol compounds are widely distributed in fruits and vegetables, their stimulatory effect on P-gp may be a mechanism relevant to carcinogenesis and the observed lowered cancer risk in humans with higher dietary intake of fruits and vegetables. JF - Cancer research AU - Phang, J M AU - Poore, C M AU - Lopaczynska, J AU - Yeh, G C AD - Laboratory of Nutritional and Molecular Regulation, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Frederick, Maryland 21702. Y1 - 1993/12/15/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Dec 15 SP - 5977 EP - 5981 VL - 53 IS - 24 SN - 0008-5472, 0008-5472 KW - Carrier Proteins KW - 0 KW - Flavonoids KW - Flavonols KW - Membrane Glycoproteins KW - P-Glycoprotein KW - 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene KW - 57-97-6 KW - Index Medicus KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured KW - Membrane Glycoproteins -- physiology KW - Humans KW - Drug Resistance KW - Carrier Proteins -- physiology KW - Diet KW - Female KW - Breast Neoplasms -- metabolism KW - Flavonoids -- pharmacology KW - 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76127867?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+research&rft.atitle=Flavonol-stimulated+efflux+of+7%2C12-dimethylbenz%28a%29anthracene+in+multidrug-resistant+breast+cancer+cells.&rft.au=Phang%2C+J+M%3BPoore%2C+C+M%3BLopaczynska%2C+J%3BYeh%2C+G+C&rft.aulast=Phang&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-12-15&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=24&rft.spage=5977&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+research&rft.issn=00085472&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-01-24 N1 - Date created - 1994-01-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Expression of an oncogenic rasHa gene in murine keratinocytes induces tyrosine phosphorylation and reduced activity of protein kinase C delta. AN - 76119926; 8253722 AB - Murine keratinocytes expressing an oncogenic rasHa gene produce benign tumors in vivo and demonstrate altered responses to phorbol esters in vitro. Cultured keratinocytes transduced with the v-rasHa gene (v-rasHa keratinocytes) are resistant to Ca(2+)-induced terminal differentiation, a process that is dependent on protein kinase C (PKC) activation in normal keratinocytes. Five PKC isoforms expressed in keratinocytes (alpha, delta, epsilon, zeta, and eta) were examined for quantitative or qualitative changes in v-rasHa-transformed cells. No quantitative changes were detected, but PKC delta was tyrosine-phosphorylated in v-rasHa keratinocytes and in benign neoplastic keratinocyte cell lines expressing an activated allele of the c-rasHa gene. Analysis of phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated forms of PKC delta from keratinocytes indicated that phosphorylated PKC delta was not stimulated by phorbol ester treatment. The protein kinase inhibitor staurosporine was able to induce differentiation in v-rasHa keratinocytes and benign tumor cell lines, and concomitantly tyrosine phosphorylation of PKC delta decreased. This interaction between tyrosine kinases and PKC delta in cells expressing an oncogenic rasHa gene may represent a molecular block to differentiation in neoplastic keratinocytes. JF - The Journal of biological chemistry AU - Denning, M F AU - Dlugosz, A A AU - Howett, M K AU - Yuspa, S H AD - Laboratory of Cellular Carcinogenesis and Tumor Promotion, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892. Y1 - 1993/12/15/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Dec 15 SP - 26079 EP - 26081 VL - 268 IS - 35 SN - 0021-9258, 0021-9258 KW - rasHa KW - Tyrosine KW - 42HK56048U KW - Protein Kinase C KW - EC 2.7.11.13 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Phosphorylation KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Mice KW - Mice, Inbred BALB C KW - Protein Kinase C -- metabolism KW - Genes, ras KW - Protein Kinase C -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Keratinocytes -- metabolism KW - Tyrosine -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76119926?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.atitle=Expression+of+an+oncogenic+rasHa+gene+in+murine+keratinocytes+induces+tyrosine+phosphorylation+and+reduced+activity+of+protein+kinase+C+delta.&rft.au=Denning%2C+M+F%3BDlugosz%2C+A+A%3BHowett%2C+M+K%3BYuspa%2C+S+H&rft.aulast=Denning&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-12-15&rft.volume=268&rft.issue=35&rft.spage=26079&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.issn=00219258&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-01-13 N1 - Date created - 1994-01-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Gene symbol - rasHa N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An early response of an AP1-junD complex during T-cell activation. AN - 76113141; 8253775 AB - Activated T-cell extracts contain an activity (T-AP1) composed of at least two dissociable protein components which bind to the AP1 consensus sequence in the enhancer of the gibbon ape leukemia virus (GALV)-LTR (GALV-TRE). This activity is inducible by 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-14-acetate (TPA) even in the presence of protein synthesis inhibitors. Although one component of this complex (CORE) is related immunologically and biochemically to junD, it nevertheless displays significant biochemical properties which distinguish CORE from recombinant junD. The second component of the complex, flowthrough, interacts more efficiently with CORE than with recombinant junD. GALV-TRE enhancer activity is increased within 2 h in vivo with T cells treated with TPA in the presence of protein synthesis inhibitors; this increase in enhancer activity is paralleled by the increased GALV-TRE-mediated transcriptional activity present in extracts of these cells. Purified T-cell junD activates GALV-TRE-driven RNA synthesis in vitro. The rapidity and the protein synthesis-independent nature of TPA-induced T-AP1 activation suggests that this complex is involved in the earliest stages of T-cell activation. JF - The Journal of biological chemistry AU - Farina, A R AU - Davis-Smyth, T AU - Gardner, K AU - Levens, D AD - Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892. Y1 - 1993/12/15/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Dec 15 SP - 26466 EP - 26475 VL - 268 IS - 35 SN - 0021-9258, 0021-9258 KW - Oligodeoxyribonucleotides KW - 0 KW - Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun KW - Cycloheximide KW - 98600C0908 KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate KW - NI40JAQ945 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - HeLa Cells KW - Humans KW - Protein Processing, Post-Translational KW - Mice KW - Transcription, Genetic KW - Base Sequence KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured KW - Cycloheximide -- pharmacology KW - Enhancer Elements, Genetic KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate -- pharmacology KW - Lymphocyte Activation KW - T-Lymphocytes -- metabolism KW - Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun -- genetics KW - Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76113141?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.atitle=An+early+response+of+an+AP1-junD+complex+during+T-cell+activation.&rft.au=Farina%2C+A+R%3BDavis-Smyth%2C+T%3BGardner%2C+K%3BLevens%2C+D&rft.aulast=Farina&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1993-12-15&rft.volume=268&rft.issue=35&rft.spage=26466&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.issn=00219258&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-01-13 N1 - Date created - 1994-01-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Translation of the human LINE-1 element, L1Hs. AN - 76109544; 8265584 AB - Full-length RNA transcribed from the human LINE-1 (L1) element L1 Homo sapiens (L1Hs) has a 900-nt, G+C-rich, 5'-untranslated region (UTR). The 5' UTR is followed by two long open reading frames, ORF1 and ORF2, which are separated from each other by an inter-ORF region of 33 nt that includes two or three in-frame stop codons. We examine here the mechanism(s) by which the translation of L1Hs ORF1 and ORF2 is initiated. A stable hairpin structure (delta G = -74.8 kcal/mol), inserted at nt 661 of the 5' UTR, caused a 3- to 8-fold decrease in the in vitro and in vivo translation of either a lacZ reporter gene for ORF1 or the ORF1 polypeptide product, p40, but translation of a lacZ reporter gene in ORF2 was increased. The results are compatible with a model for ORF1 translation initiation in which the majority of ribosomes scan from a point 5' of nt 661 but suggest that ORF2 is not translated by attached ribosomes that reinitiate after the termination of ORF1 translation. Our data are compatible with a model whereby the translation of L1Hs ORF2 is initiated internally. JF - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America AU - McMillan, J P AU - Singer, M F AD - Laboratory of Biochemistry, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892. Y1 - 1993/12/15/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Dec 15 SP - 11533 EP - 11537 VL - 90 IS - 24 SN - 0027-8424, 0027-8424 KW - Codon KW - 0 KW - Oligodeoxyribonucleotides KW - RNA, Messenger KW - beta-Galactosidase KW - EC 3.2.1.23 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Blotting, Northern KW - Codon -- genetics KW - Open Reading Frames KW - Humans KW - Transcription, Genetic KW - Nucleic Acid Conformation KW - Base Sequence KW - Genes KW - RNA, Messenger -- metabolism KW - Transfection KW - Restriction Mapping KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Calorimetry KW - beta-Galactosidase -- biosynthesis KW - Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid KW - Cell Line KW - Mutagenesis, Insertional KW - Protein Biosynthesis KW - Hominidae -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76109544?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+of+the+United+States+of+America&rft.atitle=Translation+of+the+human+LINE-1+element%2C+L1Hs.&rft.au=McMillan%2C+J+P%3BSinger%2C+M+F&rft.aulast=McMillan&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-12-15&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=24&rft.spage=11533&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+of+the+United+States+of+America&rft.issn=00278424&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-01-21 N1 - Date created - 1994-01-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - M80343; GENBANK N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: EMBO J. 1990 Apr;9(4):1177-85 [1691094] Mol Cell Biol. 1989 Nov;9(11):5134-42 [2601712] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Sep;87(18):6990-4 [1698287] Mol Cell Biol. 1990 Dec;10(12):6718-29 [1701022] Trends Biochem Sci. 1990 Dec;15(12):477-83 [2077688] J Cell Biol. 1991 Nov;115(4):887-903 [1955461] Science. 1991 Dec 20;254(5039):1805-8 [1662412] Science. 1991 Dec 20;254(5039):1808-10 [1722352] Cancer Res. 1992 Feb 1;52(3):643-5 [1310068] Oncogene. 1992 Mar;7(3):507-10 [1312702] Adv Virus Res. 1992;41:193-239 [1575083] Mol Cell Biol. 1992 Sep;12(9):4242-8 [1380649] J Biol Chem. 1992 Oct 5;267(28):19765-8 [1328181] Cancer. 1993 Apr 1;71(7):2383-6 [8384068] Nature. 1970 Aug 15;227(5259):680-5 [5432063] J Biol Chem. 1977 Feb 25;252(4):1181-8 [190222] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Dec;74(12):5463-7 [271968] Nucleic Acids Res. 1980 Dec 20;8(24):6113-28 [6258162] Nucleic Acids Res. 1981 Jan 10;9(1):133-48 [6163133] Lab Invest. 1984 Feb;50(2):147-62 [6694356] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Sep;82(18):6050-4 [2412228] EMBO J. 1986 Dec 1;5(12):3133-42 [3102226] Mol Cell Biol. 1987 Aug;7(8):2745-52 [3670292] Genomics. 1987 Oct;1(2):113-25 [3692483] Mol Cell Biol. 1988 Apr;8(4):1385-97 [2454389] Nature. 1988 Jul 28;334(6180):320-5 [2839775] Cell. 1989 Jan 13;56(1):85-92 [2463093] Nature. 1989 Jan 26;337(6205):364-8 [2463489] J Cell Biol. 1989 Feb;108(2):229-41 [2645293] Q Rev Biol. 1989 Mar;64(1):1-30 [2469098] Annu Rev Microbiol. 1989;43:403-34 [2552899] Biotechniques. 1990 May;8(5):528-35 [2357375] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Glucocorticoid therapy for immune-mediated diseases: basic and clinical correlates. AN - 76040342; 8239251 AB - Glucocorticoids are pleiotropic hormones that at pharmacologic doses prevent or suppress inflammation and other immunologically mediated processes. At the molecular level, glucocorticoids form complexes with specific receptors that migrate to the nucleus where they interact with selective regulatory sites within DNA; this results in positive and negative modulation of several genes involved in inflammatory and immune responses. At the cellular level, glucocorticoids inhibit the access of leukocytes to inflammatory sites; interfere with the functions of leukocytes, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts; and suppress the production and the effects of humoral factors involved in the inflammatory response. Clinically, several modes of glucocorticoid administration are used, depending on the disease process, the organ involved, and the extent of involvement. High doses of daily glucocorticoids are usually required in patients with severe diseases involving major organs, whereas alternate-day regimens may be used in patients with less aggressive diseases. Intravenous glucocorticoids (pulse therapy) are frequently used to initiate therapy in patients with rapidly progressive, immunologically mediated diseases. The benefits of glucocorticoid therapy can easily be offset by severe side effects; even with the greatest care, side effects may occur. Moreover, for certain complications (for example, infection diathesis, peptic ulcer, osteoporosis, avascular necrosis, and atherosclerosis), other drug toxicities and pathogenic factors overlap with glucocorticoid effects. Minimizing the incidence and severity of glucocorticoid-related side effects requires carefully decreasing the dose; using adjunctive disease-modifying immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory agents; and taking general preventive measures. JF - Annals of internal medicine AU - Boumpas, D T AU - Chrousos, G P AU - Wilder, R L AU - Cupps, T R AU - Balow, J E AD - National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892. Y1 - 1993/12/15/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Dec 15 SP - 1198 EP - 1208 VL - 119 IS - 12 SN - 0003-4819, 0003-4819 KW - Glucocorticoids KW - 0 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Cells -- drug effects KW - Immune System Diseases -- drug therapy KW - Glucocorticoids -- adverse effects KW - Glucocorticoids -- therapeutic use KW - Glucocorticoids -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76040342?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+internal+medicine&rft.atitle=Glucocorticoid+therapy+for+immune-mediated+diseases%3A+basic+and+clinical+correlates.&rft.au=Boumpas%2C+D+T%3BChrousos%2C+G+P%3BWilder%2C+R+L%3BCupps%2C+T+R%3BBalow%2C+J+E&rft.aulast=Boumpas&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-12-15&rft.volume=119&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1198&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+internal+medicine&rft.issn=00034819&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-12-17 N1 - Date created - 1993-12-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Differential susceptibilities of the prosthetic heme of hemoglobin-based red cell substitutes. Implications in the design of safer agents. AN - 76143510; 8274164 AB - One approach to the development of an effective red cell substitute has been chemical modification of human hemoglobin to optimize oxygen transport and plasma half-life. Human hemoglobin A0 and two of these modified hemoglobins, one prepared from the cross-linking of the alpha-chains at lysine residue 99 by bis(3,5-dibromosalicyl)fumarate (Hb-DBBF) and the other by acylation of lysine residue 82 of the beta-chain by mono-(3,5-dibromosalicyl)fumarate (Hb-FMDA), were tested by HPLC for their susceptibility to oxidative damage caused by H2O2. Such oxidative insult may occur during ischemia and reperfusion of tissues after transfusion of red cell substitutes to patients with hypovolemic shock and trauma. Hb-DBBF was extremely susceptible to damage of its heme and protein moieties with stoichiometric amounts of H2O2, whereas Hb-FMDA was highly resistant, even at 10-fold molar excess and at an acidic pH of 4.7. Hemoglobin A0 was of intermediate susceptibility, exhibiting alteration of heme and protein moieties at acidic but not neutral pH. Since the degradation of heme can release the potentially toxic agent iron, Hb-FMDA may be a more promising candidate than Hb-DBBF for development as a red cell substitute. A similar approach may be used to assess the susceptibility of other hemoglobin-based red cell substitutes to oxidative damage in order to determine the molecular basis of heme and protein alteration. JF - Biochemical pharmacology AU - Osawa, Y AU - Darbyshire, J F AU - Meyer, C A AU - Alayash, A I AD - Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892. Y1 - 1993/12/14/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Dec 14 SP - 2299 EP - 2305 VL - 46 IS - 12 SN - 0006-2952, 0006-2952 KW - Blood Substitutes KW - 0 KW - Cross-Linking Reagents KW - Hemoglobins KW - bis(3,5-dibromosalicyl)fumarate KW - 0E07K30TXY KW - Heme KW - 42VZT0U6YR KW - mono(3,5-dibromosalicyl)fumarate KW - 93705-06-7 KW - Hydrogen Peroxide KW - BBX060AN9V KW - Aspirin KW - R16CO5Y76E KW - Oxygen KW - S88TT14065 KW - Index Medicus KW - Oxidation-Reduction KW - Aspirin -- chemistry KW - Oxygen -- metabolism KW - Humans KW - Aspirin -- analogs & derivatives KW - Hydrogen Peroxide -- pharmacology KW - Biological Transport KW - Drug Design KW - Hemoglobins -- drug effects KW - Hemoglobins -- metabolism KW - Heme -- chemistry KW - Erythrocytes KW - Hemoglobins -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76143510?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemical+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Differential+susceptibilities+of+the+prosthetic+heme+of+hemoglobin-based+red+cell+substitutes.+Implications+in+the+design+of+safer+agents.&rft.au=Osawa%2C+Y%3BDarbyshire%2C+J+F%3BMeyer%2C+C+A%3BAlayash%2C+A+I&rft.aulast=Osawa&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=1993-12-14&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=2299&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biochemical+pharmacology&rft.issn=00062952&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-01-31 N1 - Date created - 1994-01-31 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular mechanism of colchicine action: induced local unfolding of beta-tubulin. AN - 76102157; 8257691 AB - Colchicine, the classic antimitotic poison, disrupts cell division by preventing proper assembly of microtubules in the mitotic spindle. Colchicine is known to act by binding to tubulin, the heterodimeric subunit of microtubules. How this binding to tubulin changes the structure of the protein and results in polymerization poisoning has not been characterized. The structural locus of spectroscopically detected conformational changes induced by colchicine is unknown. We report here that colchicine induces the unfolding of a small region in the carboxyl-terminal region of beta-tubulin, around Arg-390. This unfolding is detected by proteolysis with trypsin and chymotrypsin. Chymotrypsin cleaves this region after Phe-389, and trypsin cleaves after Lys-392. The unfolded region appears to be the carboxyl end of an amphipathic helix in the absence of colchicine, and we propose that this unfolding prevents contacts necessary for assembly. Our results suggest that beta-tubulin is exposed on the growing end of the microtubule, which provides a mechanism for coupling GTP hydrolysis to polymerization. JF - Biochemistry AU - Sackett, D L AU - Varma, J K AD - Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892. Y1 - 1993/12/14/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Dec 14 SP - 13560 EP - 13565 VL - 32 IS - 49 SN - 0006-2960, 0006-2960 KW - Peptide Fragments KW - 0 KW - Tubulin KW - Guanosine Diphosphate KW - 146-91-8 KW - Guanosine Triphosphate KW - 86-01-1 KW - Chymotrypsin KW - EC 3.4.21.1 KW - Trypsin KW - EC 3.4.21.4 KW - GTP Phosphohydrolases KW - EC 3.6.1.- KW - Colchicine KW - SML2Y3J35T KW - Index Medicus KW - Peptide Fragments -- metabolism KW - Chymotrypsin -- metabolism KW - Animals KW - Immunoblotting KW - Protein Structure, Secondary KW - Guanosine Diphosphate -- metabolism KW - Brain Chemistry KW - Microtubules -- metabolism KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Microtubules -- drug effects KW - Binding Sites KW - Guanosine Triphosphate -- metabolism KW - Rats KW - Peptide Fragments -- chemistry KW - GTP Phosphohydrolases -- metabolism KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Trypsin -- metabolism KW - Colchicine -- pharmacology KW - Tubulin -- chemistry KW - Protein Folding KW - Tubulin -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76102157?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Molecular+mechanism+of+colchicine+action%3A+induced+local+unfolding+of+beta-tubulin.&rft.au=Sackett%2C+D+L%3BVarma%2C+J+K&rft.aulast=Sackett&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-12-14&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=49&rft.spage=13560&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biochemistry&rft.issn=00062960&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-01-19 N1 - Date created - 1994-01-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Expression and V(D)J recombination activity of mutated RAG-1 proteins. AN - 76159364; 8284210 AB - The products of the RAG-1 and RAG-2 genes are essential for the recombination of the DNA encoding the antigen receptors of the developing immune system. Little is known of the specific role these genes play. We have explored the sequences encoding mouse RAG-1 by deleting large parts of the gene and by introducing local sequence changes. We find that a RAG-1 gene with 40% of the coding region deleted still retains its recombination function. In addition, a series of small deletions within the strongly conserved remaining 60% of the coding region was tested. Nine out of ten of these prove unable to provide RAG-1 activity, but one is quite active. Certain peptide sequences were also specifically targeted for mutagenesis. The RAG-1 protein generated from this expression system is transported to the nucleus and is degraded with a 15 minute half-life. The fate of the proteins made by the deletion mutants were also assessed. Transport of RAG-1 protein to the nucleus was found even with the most extensive deletions studied. The functionality of the deleted proteins is discussed with relation to an alignment of RAG-1 sequences from five animal species. JF - Nucleic acids research AU - Sadofsky, M J AU - Hesse, J E AU - McBlane, J F AU - Gellert, M AD - Laboratory of Molecular Biology, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892. Y1 - 1993/12/11/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Dec 11 SP - 5644 EP - 5650 VL - 21 IS - 24 SN - 0305-1048, 0305-1048 KW - RAG-1 KW - Homeodomain Proteins KW - 0 KW - Proteins KW - RAG-1 protein KW - 128559-51-3 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - DNA Topoisomerases, Type I KW - EC 5.99.1.2 KW - Index Medicus KW - 3T3 Cells KW - Animals KW - Cell Nucleus -- metabolism KW - Humans KW - Biological Transport KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Mice KW - Precipitin Tests KW - Base Sequence KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Cell Line, Transformed KW - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid KW - DNA Topoisomerases, Type I -- metabolism KW - Genes, RAG-1 KW - Proteins -- metabolism KW - Proteins -- genetics KW - Mutation KW - Gene Rearrangement, B-Lymphocyte UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76159364?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nucleic+acids+research&rft.atitle=Expression+and+V%28D%29J+recombination+activity+of+mutated+RAG-1+proteins.&rft.au=Sadofsky%2C+M+J%3BHesse%2C+J+E%3BMcBlane%2C+J+F%3BGellert%2C+M&rft.aulast=Sadofsky&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-12-11&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=24&rft.spage=5644&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nucleic+acids+research&rft.issn=03051048&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-02-14 N1 - Date created - 1994-02-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Gene symbol - RAG-1 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Cell. 1992 Mar 6;68(5):855-67 [1547487] J Biol Chem. 1991 Oct 25;266(30):19867-70 [1939050] Annu Rev Immunol. 1992;10:359-83 [1590991] Nucleic Acids Res. 1992 May 11;20(9):2233-9 [1317548] Annu Rev Genet. 1992;26:425-46 [1482120] Int Immunol. 1993 Feb;5(2):231-2 [8452820] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 Jul 1;90(13):6100-4 [8327489] Mol Immunol. 1993 Aug;30(11):1021-32 [8350872] Cell. 1992 Mar 6;68(5):869-77 [1547488] J Mol Biol. 1967 Jun 14;26(2):365-9 [4291934] Mol Cell Biol. 1982 Sep;2(9):1044-51 [6960240] EMBO J. 1984 Jun;3(6):1209-19 [6086308] Mol Cell Biol. 1985 Dec;5(12):3610-6 [3915782] Cell. 1987 Jun 19;49(6):775-83 [3495343] Nature. 1987 Oct 29-Nov 4;329(6142):840-2 [3313052] Cell. 1988 Apr 8;53(1):107-15 [3349523] Nucleic Acids Res. 1989 May 25;17(10):3959-71 [2786626] Cell. 1989 Dec 22;59(6):1035-48 [2598259] Science. 1990 Jun 22;248(4962):1517-23 [2360047] Cell. 1990 Aug 10;62(3):403-6 [2165864] Cell. 1991 Jan 11;64(1):201-8 [1986866] Erratum In: Nucleic Acids Res. 1994 Feb 11;22(3):550 [8127702] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Upstream sequences of the myogenin gene convey responsiveness to skeletal muscle denervation in transgenic mice. AN - 19621836; 8727714 AB - Myogenin, as well as other MyoD-related skeletal muscle-specific transcription factors, regulate a large number of skeletal muscle genes during myogenic differentiation. During later development, innervation suppresses myogenin expression in the fetal hind limb musculature. Denervation of skeletal muscle reverses the effects of the nerve, and results in the reactivation of myogenin expression, as well as of other embryonic muscle proteins. Here we report that myogenin upstream sequences confer tissue- and developmental-specific expression in transgenic mice harboring a myogenin/chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter construct. Using in situ hybridization to analyze serial sections of E12.5 embryos, we found colocalization of CAT and endogenous myogenin transcripts in the primordial muscle of the head and limbs, in the intercostal muscle masses, and in the most caudal somites. Later in development, we observed that the expression of the transgene and endogenous myogenin gene continued to be restricted to skeletal muscle but decreased shortly after birth; a period that coincides with the innervation of secondary myotubes. Furthermore, denervation of the mouse hind limbs induced a 10-fold accumulation of CAT and endogenous myogenin transcripts by 1 day after sciatic nerve resection; a 25-fold increase was observed by 4 days after denervation. Interestingly, we observed that the accumulation of CAT enzyme activity lagged considerably with respect to the increase in CAT transcripts. Our results indicate that the cis-acting elements that temporally and spatially confine transcription of the gene during embryonic development, and that mediate the responses to innervation and denervation of muscle, lie within the upstream sequences analyzed in these studies. Images JF - Nucleic Acids Research AU - Buonanno, A AU - Edmondson, D G AU - Hayes, W P AD - Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892. Y1 - 1993/12/11/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Dec 11 SP - 5684 EP - 5693 PB - Oxford University Press, Oxford Journals, Great Clarendon Street VL - 21 IS - 24 SN - 0305-1048, 0305-1048 KW - Genetics Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids KW - Innervation KW - myogenin KW - Sciatic nerve KW - Head KW - Transgenic mice KW - Denervation KW - Fetuses KW - Birth KW - Nerves KW - Differentiation KW - Chloramphenicol O-acetyltransferase KW - Embryogenesis KW - Limbs KW - Transcription factors KW - somites KW - Myotubes KW - Embryos KW - Skeletal muscle KW - Myogenin gene KW - W 30925:Genetic Engineering KW - N 14835:Protein-Nucleic Acids Association KW - G 07730:Development & Cell Cycle UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19621836?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nucleic+Acids+Research&rft.atitle=Upstream+sequences+of+the+myogenin+gene+convey+responsiveness+to+skeletal+muscle+denervation+in+transgenic+mice.&rft.au=Buonanno%2C+A%3BEdmondson%2C+D+G%3BHayes%2C+W+P&rft.aulast=Buonanno&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1993-12-11&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=24&rft.spage=5684&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nucleic+Acids+Research&rft.issn=03051048&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Innervation; myogenin; Sciatic nerve; Head; Denervation; Transgenic mice; Fetuses; Nerves; Birth; Differentiation; Embryogenesis; Chloramphenicol O-acetyltransferase; Limbs; somites; Transcription factors; Myotubes; Skeletal muscle; Embryos; Myogenin gene ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fluoxetine and desipramine selectively attenuate 2'-NH2-MPTP-induced depletions in serotonin and norepinephrine. AN - 76237473; 8112382 AB - We recently reported that the novel MPTP analog 1-methyl-4-(2'-aminophenyl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (2'-NH2-MPTP) administered to C57BL/6 mice produced substantial decreases in forebrain serotonin (5-HT), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), and norepinephrine, with negligible effects on brain dopamine or dopamine metabolites. In the present report, we confirm and extend our original results to include dose-response data and the effect of selective uptake inhibition on the levels of monoamine neurotransmitters in various regions of the mouse brain following treatment with 2'-NH2-MPTP. In a dose-ranging study, 2'-NH2-MPTP (10 mg/kg x 4) produced a 25-30% reduction in frontal cortex 5-HT, 5-HIAA, and norepinephrine. When 4 x 20 mg/kg 2'-NH2-MPTP was administered, 70-75% reductions in 5-HT, 5-HIAA, and norepinephrine in both frontal cortex and hippocampus were seen 1 week after treatment. No changes in dopamine were found in striatum or in any of the other brain regions examined at either dose. Doses of 40 and 60 mg/kg were lethal shortly after a single injection. In mice receiving either fluoxetine or desipramine (10 mg/kg) prior to 2'-NH2-MPTP (20 mg/kg x 4), decreases in 5-HT and norepinephrine, respectively, were significantly attenuated by approximately 30-40%. These data suggest that 2'-NH2-MPTP acts in a dose-dependent manner and that the serotonergic and noradrenergic uptake systems are involved in the mechanism by which 2'-NH2-MPTP causes selective deficits in cortical and hippocampal 5-HT and norepinephrine. JF - European journal of pharmacology AU - Andrews, A M AU - Murphy, D L AD - Laboratory of Clinical Science, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892. Y1 - 1993/12/07/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Dec 07 SP - 215 EP - 221 VL - 250 IS - 2 SN - 0014-2999, 0014-2999 KW - Carrier Proteins KW - 0 KW - Membrane Glycoproteins KW - Membrane Transport Proteins KW - Nerve Tissue Proteins KW - Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors KW - Norepinephrine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins KW - Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins KW - Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors KW - Slc6a2 protein, mouse KW - Slc6a4 protein, mouse KW - Symporters KW - Fluoxetine KW - 01K63SUP8D KW - 1-methyl-4-(2'-aminophenyl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine KW - 108114-93-8 KW - Serotonin KW - 333DO1RDJY KW - 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine KW - 9P21XSP91P KW - Desipramine KW - TG537D343B KW - Norepinephrine KW - X4W3ENH1CV KW - Index Medicus KW - Behavior, Animal -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Carrier Proteins -- metabolism KW - Body Temperature -- drug effects KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors -- pharmacology KW - Brain Chemistry -- drug effects KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Mice KW - Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors -- pharmacology KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Membrane Glycoproteins -- metabolism KW - Fluoxetine -- pharmacology KW - 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine -- analogs & derivatives KW - Desipramine -- pharmacology KW - Norepinephrine -- metabolism KW - 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine -- pharmacology KW - Serotonin -- metabolism KW - 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine -- antagonists & inhibitors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76237473?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+journal+of+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Fluoxetine+and+desipramine+selectively+attenuate+2%27-NH2-MPTP-induced+depletions+in+serotonin+and+norepinephrine.&rft.au=Andrews%2C+A+M%3BMurphy%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Andrews&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1993-12-07&rft.volume=250&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=215&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=European+journal+of+pharmacology&rft.issn=00142999&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-03-25 N1 - Date created - 1994-03-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Structure/function studies of HIV-1(1) reverse transcriptase: dimerization-defective mutant L289K. AN - 76088830; 7694651 AB - Virion-derived HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) has subunits of molecular mass 66 and 51 kDa (p66 and p51, respectively) in an approximately 1:1 ratio. Since enzyme activity appears to depend on dimerization of these subunits, identification of critical regions of primary sequence required for proper dimerization could lead to potential targets for antiviral therapy. A central region of primary sequence contains a leucine hepta-repeat motif from leucine 282 to leucine 310 that has been suggested to be involved in dimerization [Baillon, J. G., Nashed, N. T., Kumar, A., Wilson, S. H., & Jerina, D. M. (1991) New Biol. 3, 1015-1019]. A region including this hepta-repeat was recently shown to be involved in protein-protein interactions required for dimerization [Becerra, S. P., Kumar, A., Lewis, M. S., Widen, S. G., Abbotts, J., Karawya, E. M., Hughes, S. H., Shiloach, J., & Wilson, S. H. (1991) Biochemistry 30, 11708-11719]. To investigate the role of this repeat motif in dimerization, we performed site-directed mutagenesis of these leucine residues from position 282 to position 310. Mutations were introduced into p66 and p51 RT coding sequences, and the individually purified RT subunit polypeptides were compared with wild-type polypeptides for dimerization. Physical characterization of the purified mutant peptides was conducted by circular dichroism analysis. Binding between p66 and p51 was studied by gel filtration, ultracentrifugation, and CD analysis. L289K-p66 was unable to dimerize with itself and wild-type or L289K-p51. The leucine repeat motif in the p66 subunit appears to be critical in formation of the heterodimer.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Biochemistry AU - Goel, R AU - Beard, W A AU - Kumar, A AU - Casas-Finet, J R AU - Strub, M P AU - Stahl, S J AU - Lewis, M S AU - Bebenek, K AU - Becerra, S P AU - Kunkel, T A AD - Laboratory of Biochemistry, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892. Y1 - 1993/12/07/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Dec 07 SP - 13012 EP - 13018 VL - 32 IS - 48 SN - 0006-2960, 0006-2960 KW - Macromolecular Substances KW - 0 KW - HIV Reverse Transcriptase KW - EC 2.7.7.49 KW - RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase KW - Leucine KW - GMW67QNF9C KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Protein Structure, Secondary KW - Circular Dichroism KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Leucine -- chemistry KW - Ultracentrifugation KW - Protein Binding KW - Structure-Activity Relationship KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Chromatography, Gel KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid KW - RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase -- chemistry KW - HIV-1 -- enzymology KW - RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76088830?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Structure%2Ffunction+studies+of+HIV-1%281%29+reverse+transcriptase%3A+dimerization-defective+mutant+L289K.&rft.au=Goel%2C+R%3BBeard%2C+W+A%3BKumar%2C+A%3BCasas-Finet%2C+J+R%3BStrub%2C+M+P%3BStahl%2C+S+J%3BLewis%2C+M+S%3BBebenek%2C+K%3BBecerra%2C+S+P%3BKunkel%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=Goel&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-12-07&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=48&rft.spage=13012&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biochemistry&rft.issn=00062960&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-01-06 N1 - Date created - 1994-01-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cloning of Chinese hamster DNA topoisomerase I cDNA and identification of a single point mutation responsible for camptothecin resistance. AN - 76075965; 8244980 AB - A camptothecin-resistant (DC3F/C-10) Chinese hamster cell line that contains a catalytically altered and camptothecin (CPT)-resistant DNA topoisomerase I (top 1) (Tanizawa, A., and Pommier, Y. (1992) Cancer Res. 52, 1848-1854) and the parent cell line (DC3F) were used to compare top 1 mRNAs and cDNAs. Northern blot analysis showed a single 4.1-kilobase band without quantitative reduction between the two cell lines. We have cloned and sequenced top 1 cDNAs. DC3F and DC3F/C-10 top 1 c-DNA are 3591 and 3626 base pair long, respectively, and encode 767 amino acids. The homology of deduced amino acid sequences between Chinese hamster and mouse or human top 1 are 98.1 and 96.7, respectively. cDNAs from DC3F/C-10 and DC3F cells differ by a single base point mutation (G to A) which results in an amino acid change from Gly505 to Ser (Gly505-->Ser). G505 corresponds to Gly503 of human top 1 cDNA and is located 220 amino acids away from the presumed catalytic Tyr725. The point mutation in the Chinese hamster top 1 is located in a region that is highly conserved among all cloned top 1 cDNAs (plant ATH, vaccinia virus, Shope fibroma virus, Drosophila, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, mouse, and Human). A mutation of Asp533 to Gly in this same region has been shown to confer CPT resistance for human top 1. Chinese hamster top 1 protein with a Gly505-->Ser mutation that was expressed in bacteria was resistant to CPT, indicating that this single base mutation is involved in CPT resistance. Our results suggest that the highly conserved region around Gly505 plays an important role in the interactions among top 1, DNA, and CPT. JF - The Journal of biological chemistry AU - Tanizawa, A AU - Beitrand, R AU - Kohlhagen, G AU - Tabuchi, A AU - Jenkins, J AU - Pommier, Y AD - Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892. Y1 - 1993/12/05/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Dec 05 SP - 25463 EP - 25468 VL - 268 IS - 34 SN - 0021-9258, 0021-9258 KW - DNA Primers KW - 0 KW - DNA, Complementary KW - Recombinant Proteins KW - Serine KW - 452VLY9402 KW - DNA Topoisomerases, Type I KW - EC 5.99.1.2 KW - Glycine KW - TE7660XO1C KW - Camptothecin KW - XT3Z54Z28A KW - Index Medicus KW - Viruses -- enzymology KW - Animals KW - Recombinant Proteins -- biosynthesis KW - Cricetulus KW - Drosophila melanogaster -- genetics KW - Humans KW - Mice KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- enzymology KW - Drosophila melanogaster -- enzymology KW - Cloning, Molecular KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- genetics KW - Arabidopsis -- enzymology KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Arabidopsis -- genetics KW - Base Sequence KW - Conserved Sequence KW - Recombinant Proteins -- metabolism KW - Lung KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Viruses -- genetics KW - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid KW - Cell Line KW - Cricetinae KW - Drug Resistance -- genetics KW - DNA, Complementary -- metabolism KW - Camptothecin -- toxicity KW - Point Mutation KW - DNA Topoisomerases, Type I -- biosynthesis KW - DNA Topoisomerases, Type I -- genetics KW - DNA Topoisomerases, Type I -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76075965?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.atitle=Cloning+of+Chinese+hamster+DNA+topoisomerase+I+cDNA+and+identification+of+a+single+point+mutation+responsible+for+camptothecin+resistance.&rft.au=Tanizawa%2C+A%3BBeitrand%2C+R%3BKohlhagen%2C+G%3BTabuchi%2C+A%3BJenkins%2C+J%3BPommier%2C+Y&rft.aulast=Tanizawa&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1993-12-05&rft.volume=268&rft.issue=34&rft.spage=25463&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.issn=00219258&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-01-04 N1 - Date created - 1994-01-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - Z21624; GENBANK; Z21625 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Activation of phospholipase C-beta 2 mutants by G protein alpha q and beta gamma subunits. AN - 76075032; 8245028 AB - The beta- but not the gamma- and delta-type isozymes of inositol phospholipid-specific phospholipase C (PLC) are activated by G protein alpha q and beta gamma subunits. The beta-type PLC isozymes differ from other isozymes in that they contain a long carboxyl-terminal region downstream of the Y catalytic domain and a region rich in acidic amino acids between the two separated X and Y catalytic domains. To determine the sites on PLC-beta 2 that participate in the interaction of the enzyme with alpha q and beta gamma subunits, we introduced specific truncations and substitutions in the PLC-beta 2 cDNA at positions corresponding to the carboxyl-terminal and acidic amino acid-rich regions, respectively. After transient expression of these cDNA clones in CV-1 cells, the mutant enzymes were partially purified and their capacity to be activated by alpha q and beta gamma subunits determined. Substitution of glutamine residues for three or all seven of a stretch of consecutive glutamic acids in the acidic domain of PLC-beta 2 affected neither alpha q- nor beta gamma-dependent activation significantly. Carboxyl-terminal truncation to residue Gly-934 or to residue Ala-867 resulted in enzymes that were activated by beta gamma but not by alpha q. This result suggests that the carboxyl-terminal region of PLC-beta 2 is required for activation by alpha q, and that beta gamma subunits interact with a different region of the enzyme. Thus, alpha q and beta gamma subunits may independently modulate a single PLC-beta 2 molecule concurrently. JF - The Journal of biological chemistry AU - Lee, S B AU - Shin, S H AU - Hepler, J R AU - Gilman, A G AU - Rhee, S G AD - Laboratory of Biochemistry, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892. Y1 - 1993/12/05/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Dec 05 SP - 25952 EP - 25957 VL - 268 IS - 34 SN - 0021-9258, 0021-9258 KW - DNA Primers KW - 0 KW - Isoenzymes KW - Macromolecular Substances KW - Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Diphosphate KW - Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates KW - Recombinant Proteins KW - Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases KW - EC 3.1.4.- KW - GTP-Binding Proteins KW - EC 3.6.1.- KW - Phosphatidylinositol Diacylglycerol-Lyase KW - EC 4.6.1.13 KW - Calcium KW - SY7Q814VUP KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Enzyme Activation KW - Humans KW - Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates -- metabolism KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Calcium -- pharmacology KW - Cloning, Molecular KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Recombinant Proteins -- isolation & purification KW - Base Sequence KW - Transfection KW - Recombinant Proteins -- metabolism KW - Kinetics KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Cell Line KW - Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases -- genetics KW - Isoenzymes -- isolation & purification KW - Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases -- isolation & purification KW - GTP-Binding Proteins -- metabolism KW - Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases -- metabolism KW - Isoenzymes -- genetics KW - Isoenzymes -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76075032?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.atitle=Activation+of+phospholipase+C-beta+2+mutants+by+G+protein+alpha+q+and+beta+gamma+subunits.&rft.au=Lee%2C+S+B%3BShin%2C+S+H%3BHepler%2C+J+R%3BGilman%2C+A+G%3BRhee%2C+S+G&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1993-12-05&rft.volume=268&rft.issue=34&rft.spage=25952&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.issn=00219258&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-01-04 N1 - Date created - 1994-01-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Abolition of anaphylaxis by targeted disruption of the high affinity immunoglobulin E receptor alpha chain gene. AN - 76114364; 8252632 AB - Mast cells and basophils, which are activated by immunoglobulin E (IgE) and allergen, play a prominent role in anaphylaxis. However, they express at least three types of IgE receptor, including the high affinity IgE receptor (Fc epsilon RI). The relative contribution of these IgE receptors, and possibly other receptors such as Fc epsilon RII/CD23 and Mac-2, to the genesis of in vivo anaphylaxis is still unclear. To address this question, we have generated Fc epsilon RI-deficient mice. These mice appear normal and express a normal number of mast cells, but they are resistant to cutaneous and systemic anaphylaxis. These data demonstrate that Fc epsilon RI is necessary for the initiation of IgE-dependent anaphylactic reactions. Therefore, interfering with its function should be an effective means of treating allergy, regardless of the allergen specificity. JF - Cell AU - Dombrowicz, D AU - Flamand, V AU - Brigman, K K AU - Koller, B H AU - Kinet, J P AD - Molecular Allergy and Immunology Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20852. Y1 - 1993/12/03/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Dec 03 SP - 969 EP - 976 VL - 75 IS - 5 SN - 0092-8674, 0092-8674 KW - DNA Primers KW - 0 KW - Receptors, IgE KW - Receptors, IgG KW - Serotonin KW - 333DO1RDJY KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Mast Cells -- immunology KW - Base Sequence KW - Receptors, IgG -- metabolism KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Mice KW - Flow Cytometry KW - B-Lymphocytes -- metabolism KW - Serotonin -- metabolism KW - Mutagenesis, Insertional KW - Mice, Knockout KW - DNA Primers -- chemistry KW - Receptors, IgE -- metabolism KW - Receptors, IgE -- genetics KW - Receptors, IgE -- immunology KW - Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis -- immunology KW - Anaphylaxis -- immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76114364?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cell&rft.atitle=Abolition+of+anaphylaxis+by+targeted+disruption+of+the+high+affinity+immunoglobulin+E+receptor+alpha+chain+gene.&rft.au=Dombrowicz%2C+D%3BFlamand%2C+V%3BBrigman%2C+K+K%3BKoller%2C+B+H%3BKinet%2C+J+P&rft.aulast=Dombrowicz&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-12-03&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=969&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cell&rft.issn=00928674&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-01-10 N1 - Date created - 1994-01-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regional differences in rat brain dopamine transporter binding: function of time after chronic cocaine. AN - 76367535; 9377588 AB - Chronic administration of cocaine to rats has been shown to produce a persistent decrease in dopamine (DA) and its metabolites in the brain and periphery. To further explore the alterations in the DA system following repeated administration of cocaine, we studied the regional differences in DA transporter binding as a function of time after the last injection of cocaine. Two groups of rats were treated with cocaine (10 mg/kg twice a day) or saline for 7 days. Rats were sacrificed 1, 2, 3, 6, and 12 weeks after the last injection. The corpus striatum and the frontal cortex were dissected and assayed with [3H]GBR 12935 for DA transporter binding. Time-related differences were observed in the frontal cortex but not in the striatum of the saline-treated control rats. Cocaine treatment prevented the time-dependent increase in Bmax over the course of 6 weeks, but not over the course of 12 weeks following withdrawal. Although there was no difference between the cocaine- and saline-treated group in the striatum at any of the time points, cocaine in the frontal cortex produced a 33% reduction in Bmax during weeks 2 and 3 and a 57% reduction in Bmax at week 6 of withdrawal; the reduction persisted for > or = 12 weeks. The KD was not affected by cocaine or time in either brain region. These findings may be functionally related to cocaine craving because the DA transporter has been identified as the neuronal structure and the medial prefrontal cortex as the anatomical site mediating cocaine reinforcement. JF - Clinical neuropharmacology AU - Hitri, A AU - Wyatt, R J AD - Neuropsychiatry Branch, NIMH Neurosciences Center, Washington, D.C., USA. Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - December 1993 SP - 525 EP - 539 VL - 16 IS - 6 SN - 0362-5664, 0362-5664 KW - Carrier Proteins KW - 0 KW - Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins KW - Membrane Glycoproteins KW - Membrane Transport Proteins KW - Narcotics KW - Nerve Tissue Proteins KW - Piperazines KW - 1-(2 (diphenylmethoxy)ethyl)-4-(3-phenylpropyl)piperazine KW - 9J9974WIBA KW - Cocaine KW - I5Y540LHVR KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Neostriatum -- metabolism KW - Substance Withdrawal Syndrome -- metabolism KW - Prefrontal Cortex -- metabolism KW - Kinetics KW - Neostriatum -- drug effects KW - Brain -- anatomy & histology KW - Prefrontal Cortex -- drug effects KW - Piperazines -- metabolism KW - Male KW - Carrier Proteins -- metabolism KW - Brain Chemistry -- drug effects KW - Narcotics -- adverse effects KW - Cocaine -- pharmacology KW - Narcotics -- pharmacology KW - Cocaine -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76367535?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+neuropharmacology&rft.atitle=Regional+differences+in+rat+brain+dopamine+transporter+binding%3A+function+of+time+after+chronic+cocaine.&rft.au=Hitri%2C+A%3BWyatt%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Hitri&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=525&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+neuropharmacology&rft.issn=03625664&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-11-10 N1 - Date created - 1997-11-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Absence of morphologic correlation between chemical toxicity and chemical carcinogenesis. AN - 76289475; 8013424 AB - The experimental data set used to evaluate site-specific histopathologic correspondence between the morphologic end points of toxicity and carcinogenicity comprises 130 chemical carcinogenesis studies. Nearly 1500 sex-species-exposure-group experiments were evaluated for a) evidence of toxicity or/and carcinogenicity, b) dose-response relationships, c) site-specific correlations of toxicity and carcinogenicity, and d) correspondence with Salmonella mutagenicity. The major conclusions are that chemicals evaluated for long-term toxicity and carcinogenicity in experimental animals divide typically and consistently into three categories: a) chemicals causing organ toxicity without cancer, b) chemicals causing site-specific cancer with no associated toxicity, and c) chemicals causing both toxicity and cancer in the same organ. Few chemicals overall (and none in this data set) fit the remaining group that cause neither toxicity nor carcinogenicity under these protocol conditions. Mutagenicity exhibited no consistent pattern with any of these groupings. Only 7 of 53 "positive" chemicals had target organ toxicity at all sites of carcinogenicity. Just three chemicals showed carcinogenic effects at the highest exposure concentrations without supporting evidence of tumors at the lower levels. From these comparative morphological analyses, and for almost all cases, available data do not support a correlation between chemically induced toxicity or regenerative phenomena and carcinogenicity. Consequently, until scientific knowledge about molecular mechanisms of chemical carcinogenesis becomes better understood and generally accepted, attempts to use toxicity findings to modify risk assessment processes will be fraught with uncertainty and thus could have a negative impact on public health. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Huff, J AD - National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709. Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - December 1993 SP - 45 EP - 53 VL - 101 Suppl 5 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Mutagens KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Databases, Factual KW - Carcinogenicity Tests KW - Mutagens -- toxicity KW - Liver Neoplasms, Experimental -- chemically induced KW - Mice KW - Male KW - Female KW - Neoplasms -- pathology KW - Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76289475?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Absence+of+morphologic+correlation+between+chemical+toxicity+and+chemical+carcinogenesis.&rft.au=Huff%2C+J&rft.aulast=Huff&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=101+Suppl+5&rft.issue=&rft.spage=45&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-07-22 N1 - Date created - 1994-07-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Environ Mol Mutagen. 1992;19(3):209-22 [1572344] Scand J Work Environ Health. 1992;18 Suppl 1:31-7 [1411375] Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 1979;19:511-30 [378109] J Environ Pathol Toxicol. 1979 Dec;3(1-2):281-7 [547015] Med Lav. 1979 Sep-Oct;70(5):352-7 [554913] Am J Ind Med. 1982;3(1):11-6 [7124739] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1984 Apr;72(4):929-40 [6584668] Cancer Res. 1984 May;44(5):2244-50 [6370426] Scand J Work Environ Health. 1992;18 Suppl 1:64-73 [1411382] Scand J Work Environ Health. 1992;18 Suppl 1:74-82 [1411383] Scand J Work Environ Health. 1992;18 Suppl 1:83-9 [1411384] Environ Health Perspect. 1993 Apr;100:201-10 [8354167] Environ Health Perspect. 1993 Apr;100:9-20 [8354184] Environ Health Perspect. 1993 Dec;101 Suppl 5:115-20 [7516872] Environ Health Perspect. 1993 Dec;101 Suppl 5:121-4 [8013398] Environ Health Perspect. 1993 Dec;101 Suppl 5:125-35 [8013399] Environ Health Perspect. 1993 Dec;101 Suppl 5:149-51 [8013403] Environ Health Perspect. 1993 Dec;101 Suppl 5:253-7 [8013416] Environ Health Perspect. 1993 Dec;101 Suppl 5:271-6 [8013420] Environ Health Perspect. 1993 Dec;101 Suppl 5:3-7 [7912189] Environ Health Perspect. 1991 Jun;93:247-70 [1773796] Mol Carcinog. 1991;4(6):420-40 [1793481] Mol Carcinog. 1992;5(1):2-3 [1543538] Carcinogenesis. 1992 Mar;13(3):409-15 [1547531] Cancer Res. 1992 Apr 15;52(8):2357-61 [1559239] Science. 1985 Feb 1;227(4686):548-9 [3966163] Environ Mutagen. 1985;7(4):427-8 [4054069] Carcinogenesis. 1986 Nov;7(11):1853-63 [3769134] Arch Toxicol Suppl. 1987;10:10-26 [3555413] Annu Rev Public Health. 1987;8:355-85 [3555527] Cancer Lett. 1987 Oct 30;37(2):125-32 [3677049] Carcinogenesis. 1988 Nov;9(11):2045-52 [3052903] Cancer Metastasis Rev. 1989 Jun;8(1):1-22 [2667783] Jpn J Cancer Res. 1989 Sep;80(9):795-807 [2513295] Science. 1990 Aug 31;249(4972):970-1 [2136249] Environ Health Perspect. 1990 Jun;86:313-21 [2205492] Cancer Res. 1990 Oct 15;50(20):6592-9 [2208121] Cancer Res. 1990 Nov 1;50(21):6769-71 [2208140] Science. 1991 Jan 25;251(4992):387-8 [1989073] Mutat Res. 1991 May;257(3):229-306 [1707500] Cell Biol Toxicol. 1991 Jan;7(1):67-94 [2054688] Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 1991;31:621-52 [2064387] Cancer Res. 1992 Jan 15;52(2):249-53 [1728397] Environ Health Perspect. 1991 Dec;96:23-31 [1820269] FASEB J. 1992 Jun;6(9):2698-706 [1612294] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relationship between the time of sustained ethyl acrylate forestomach hyperplasia and carcinogenicity. AN - 76289420; 8013421 AB - Chronic administration of ethyl acrylate (EA) by gavage at 100 or 200 mg/kg/day resulted in a significant dose-dependent increase in the incidence of forestomach (FS) squamous cell papillomas and carcinomas in both sexes of F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice. Subsequent work in this laboratory was designed to investigate the relationship between EA-induced FS hyperplasia and carcinogenicity. Current studies have focused on determining the time required for sustained FS hyperplasia to produce neoplastic transformation. Results of these studies demonstrated that gavage administration of EA to male F344 rats at 200 mg/kg/day for 6 or 12 months caused a sustained increase in FS epithelial hyperplasia for as long as exposure to EA continued. However, FS hyperplasia regressed, and no neoplasms developed when animals receiving EA for 6 months were allowed to recover until they were sacrificed at 24 months of age. In contrast, rats treated for 12 months and allowed 9 months recovery developed FS squamous cell carcinomas (3/13) and papillomas (1/13) for a combined incidence of 4/13. No gross lesions were detected in the liver of any of the rats treated with EA or corn oil vehicle, confirming the tissue specificity in the relationship between EA-induced FS hyperplasia and carcinogenesis. In conclusion, the present work has demonstrated that FS hyperplasia is selectively sustained at the site of EA-induced carcinogenicity for as long as EA is administered and has also demonstrated a temporal relationship between FS mucosal hyperplasia and the development of FS neoplasia by EA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Ghanayem, B I AU - Sanchez, I M AU - Maronpot, R R AU - Elwell, M R AU - Matthews, H B AD - National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709. Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - December 1993 SP - 277 EP - 279 VL - 101 Suppl 5 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Acrylates KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens KW - Mutagens KW - ethyl acrylate KW - 71E6178C9T KW - Index Medicus KW - Administration, Oral KW - Animals KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Cell Division -- drug effects KW - Carcinoma, Squamous Cell -- chemically induced KW - Mutagens -- toxicity KW - Mice KW - Organ Specificity KW - Rats KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Hyperplasia KW - Papilloma -- chemically induced KW - Female KW - Male KW - Stomach -- pathology KW - Stomach Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Acrylates -- toxicity KW - Acrylates -- administration & dosage KW - Stomach -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76289420?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Relationship+between+the+time+of+sustained+ethyl+acrylate+forestomach+hyperplasia+and+carcinogenicity.&rft.au=Ghanayem%2C+B+I%3BSanchez%2C+I+M%3BMaronpot%2C+R+R%3BElwell%2C+M+R%3BMatthews%2C+H+B&rft.aulast=Ghanayem&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=101+Suppl+5&rft.issue=&rft.spage=277&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-07-22 N1 - Date created - 1994-07-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1985 Sep 15;80(2):336-44 [4024123] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1986 May;83(3):576-83 [3518156] Carcinogenesis. 1986 Aug;7(8):1285-9 [3731382] Cancer Lett. 1986 Sep;32(3):271-8 [3768853] Cancer Res. 1988 Dec 1;48(23):6739-44 [3180084] Toxicology. 1988 Dec 30;53(2-3):251-68 [3212786] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1985 Sep 15;80(2):323-35 [4024122] Cancer Res. 1991 Dec 15;51(24):6493-505 [1742722] Toxicol Pathol. 1991;19(3):273-9 [1723532] Mutat Res. 1984 Mar;135(3):189-91 [6424006] Mutat Res. 1984 Aug-Sep;137(2-3):95-102 [6381999] J Toxicol Environ Health. 1984;14(2-3):115-20 [6153064] Drug Chem Toxicol. 1985;8(1-2):1-42 [4017897] Mutagenesis. 1989 Jul;4(4):283-5 [2674606] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Site-specific cell proliferation in renal tubular cells by the renal tubular carcinogen tris(2,3-dibromopropyl)phosphate. AN - 76288764; 8013416 AB - Our laboratory has been examining the mechanisms whereby chemicals are mutagenic in short-term in-vitro assays yet are not carcinogenic in 2-year rodent bioassays. Previous studies indicated that mutagenic carcinogens increased the amount of cell turnover in the target organ, but that mutagenic noncarcinogens failed to do so. The present study compares the incidence of cell proliferation in specific regions of the kidney, which is the site of carcinogenicity, with cell proliferation induced in a nontarget tissue, the liver, by the mutagenic renal tubular carcinogen tris(2,3-dibromopropyl)phosphate (TRIS). Renal tubular adenocarcinoma induced by TRIS was the only tumor type identified in male F344 rats, and it was localized in the outer medulla. Male F344 rats were fed a diet containing 0, 50, or 100 ppm TRIS for 14 days. These doses were identical to the doses given in the National Toxicology Program cancer bioassay. Replicating cells were labeled with bromodeoxyuridine administered by an osmotic minipump and identified in tissue sections from liver and kidney using immunohistochemical techniques. Examination of liver sections showed no chemically related increases in cell proliferation above control for either dose group. However, in the kidney, TRIS induced significant cell proliferation that was localized in the renal outer medulla region, the target area for carcinogenesis. The labeling index (number of labeled cells/total number of cells counted) in the kidneys of TRIS-exposed rats was increased approximately 4-fold in the outer medulla and was not increased in the cortex or inner medulla. The results of this study suggest an association between the chemically-induced renal cell proliferation and the renal carcinogenicity of TRIS. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Cunningham, M L AU - Elwell, M R AU - Matthews, H B AD - National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709. Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - December 1993 SP - 253 EP - 257 VL - 101 Suppl 5 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Organophosphates KW - tris(2,3-dibromopropyl)phosphate KW - 126-72-7 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Liver -- pathology KW - Cocarcinogenesis KW - Carcinoma, Renal Cell -- chemically induced KW - Kidney Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Organ Specificity KW - Rats KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Mutagenicity Tests KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - In Vitro Techniques KW - Carcinogenicity Tests KW - Male KW - Kidney Tubules -- pathology KW - Kidney Tubules -- drug effects KW - Organophosphates -- toxicity KW - Cell Division -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76288764?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Site-specific+cell+proliferation+in+renal+tubular+cells+by+the+renal+tubular+carcinogen+tris%282%2C3-dibromopropyl%29phosphate.&rft.au=Cunningham%2C+M+L%3BElwell%2C+M+R%3BMatthews%2C+H+B&rft.aulast=Cunningham&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=101+Suppl+5&rft.issue=&rft.spage=253&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-07-22 N1 - Date created - 1994-07-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Science. 1977 Jan 7;195(4273):76-8 [318761] Nature. 1978 Sep 7;275(5675):60-2 [683342] Science. 1987 May 22;236(4804):933-41 [3554512] Lab Invest. 1987 Nov;57(5):564-77 [3682766] Mutat Res. 1988 Jan;204(1):17-115 [3277047] Cancer Res. 1988 Dec 1;48(23):6739-44 [3180084] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1991 Sep 15;110(3):505-13 [1949017] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1989 Sep 15;100(3):398-410 [2551075] Cancer Lett. 1989 Oct;47(3):163-7 [2699723] Science. 1990 Aug 31;249(4972):1007-11 [2204108] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Oct;87(19):7772-6 [2217209] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1991 Mar 1;107(3):562-7 [2000642] Environ Mol Mutagen. 1990;16 Suppl 18:32-54 [2091923] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1988 Nov;96(2):367-79 [2461605] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Renal cell cancer and exposure to gasoline: a review. AN - 76286619; 8020434 AB - A review of the epidemiology of renal cell cancer is presented. Risk factors for renal cell cancer such as cigarette smoking, obesity, diet, and use of analgesics and prescription diuretics are examined. Although uncommon, occupational risk factors are also reviewed. Studies examining gasoline exposure and renal cell cancer are evaluated, including investigations recently presented at a meeting on this topic. Overall, most studies find no link between gasoline exposure and renal cell cancer; moreover, the experimental evidence that initiated the health concern is no longer considered relevant to humans. Positive associations, however, reported in two recent studies prevent a firm conclusion of no risk for this exposure. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - McLaughlin, J K AD - National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Etiology, Rockville, MD 20852. Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - December 1993 SP - 111 EP - 114 VL - 101 Suppl 6 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Gasoline KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Incidence KW - Male KW - Female KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Carcinoma, Renal Cell -- chemically induced KW - Kidney Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Gasoline -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Kidney Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Carcinoma, Renal Cell -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76286619?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Renal+cell+cancer+and+exposure+to+gasoline%3A+a+review.&rft.au=McLaughlin%2C+J+K&rft.aulast=McLaughlin&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=101+Suppl+6&rft.issue=&rft.spage=111&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-08-04 N1 - Date created - 1994-08-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Environ Health Perspect. 1993 Dec;101 Suppl 6:77-84 [8020451] Int J Cancer. 1992 Aug 19;52(1):1-6 [1379993] Cancer. 1976 Apr;37(4):1782-7 [769938] Am J Public Health. 1979 May;69(5):508-11 [434285] Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1979;330:91-116 [294225] J Occup Med. 1980 Aug;22(8):542-4 [7400867] Am J Public Health. 1981 Mar;71(3):305-7 [7468868] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1984 Feb;72(2):275-84 [6582315] Am J Public Health. 1984 Nov;74(11):1278-80 [6496825] J Occup Med. 1985 Jun;27(6):398-9 [4020495] J Occup Med. 1985 Sep;27(9):672-4 [4045578] Natl Cancer Inst Monogr. 1985 Dec;69:213-5 [3834335] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1986 Aug;77(2):351-6 [3461197] Environ Res. 1987 Apr;42(2):353-61 [3569176] Br J Ind Med. 1987 Jun;44(6):396-401 [3606968] J Occup Med. 1987 Jun;29(6):535-41 [3612328] Scand J Work Environ Health. 1987 Dec;13(6):493-504 [3433051] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1988 May 4;80(5):378 [3357203] Arch Environ Health. 1988 May-Jun;43(3):238-41 [3382249] Int J Cancer. 1988 Jul 15;42(1):13-6 [3391702] Am J Ind Med. 1989;15(3):283-310 [2929617] Cancer Detect Prev. 1988;13(3-4):263-79 [3266567] Br J Ind Med. 1989 Nov;46(11):823-4 [2511925] Br J Ind Med. 1990 Mar;47(3):162-8 [2328223] Public Health Rep. 1990 Sep-Oct;105(5):535-7 [2120735] Int J Epidemiol. 1990 Dec;19(4):832-8 [2084009] Epidemiology. 1990 Nov;1(6):430-40 [2090280] Cancer Causes Control. 1990 Sep;1(2):125-31 [2102282] Cancer Causes Control. 1990 Sep;1(2):133-41 [2102283] Br J Ind Med. 1991 Aug;48(8):515-30 [1878308] Scand J Work Environ Health. 1991 Aug;17(4):231-9 [1925434] Am J Epidemiol. 1991 Nov 1;134(9):942-7 [1951291] Am J Epidemiol. 1992 May 1;135(9):1019-28 [1595688] J Occup Med. 1972 Aug;14(8):621-9 [4673324] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cell cycle controls: potential targets for chemical carcinogens? AN - 76284093; 8013430 AB - The progression of the cell cycle is controlled by the action of both positive and negative growth regulators. The key players in this activity include a family of cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases, which are themselves regulated by other kinases and phosphatases. Maintenance of balanced cell cycle controls may be directly linked to genomic stability. Loss of the check-points involved in cell cycle control may result in unrepaired DNA damage during DNA synthesis or mitosis leading to genetic mutations and contributing to carcinogenesis. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Afshari, C A AU - Barrett, J C AD - National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709. Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - December 1993 SP - 9 EP - 14 VL - 101 Suppl 5 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Proteins KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Neoplasms -- pathology KW - DNA Damage KW - Humans KW - Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - DNA -- biosynthesis KW - Proteins -- physiology KW - Cell Cycle -- physiology KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Cell Cycle -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76284093?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Cell+cycle+controls%3A+potential+targets+for+chemical+carcinogens%3F&rft.au=Afshari%2C+C+A%3BBarrett%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Afshari&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=101+Suppl+5&rft.issue=&rft.spage=9&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-07-22 N1 - Date created - 1994-07-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Cell. 1992 Nov 13;71(4):587-97 [1423616] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 Feb 1;90(3):1112-6 [8430082] Nature. 1987 May 7-13;327(6117):31-5 [3553962] Cell. 1987 Jul 17;50(2):319-25 [3297353] EMBO J. 1987 Nov;6(11):3507-14 [3322810] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Mar;85(6):1768-71 [3126494] Nature. 1988 Jun 16;333(6174):676-9 [3287181] Differentiation. 1989 Mar;40(1):36-41 [2663576] Cell. 1989 Jul 14;58(1):193-203 [2473839] Cancer Res. 1989 Oct 15;49(20):5489-96 [2676144] Nature. 1989 Nov 2;342(6245):39-45 [2682257] Science. 1989 Nov 3;246(4930):603-8 [2683075] Science. 1989 Nov 3;246(4930):614-21 [2683077] Science. 1989 Nov 3;246(4930):629-34 [2683079] Annu Rev Cell Biol. 1989;5:341-96 [2574592] Nature. 1990 Feb 8;343(6258):555-7 [1967822] Cell. 1990 Feb 23;60(4):665-73 [2406029] Cell. 1990 Mar 9;60(5):791-801 [2178776] Nature. 1990 Apr 5;344(6266):503-8 [2138713] Cell. 1990 Jun 1;61(5):743-52 [2160858] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Jul;87(14):5397-401 [2164683] Nature. 1990 Aug 23;346(6286):760-3 [2143810] Science. 1990 Nov 9;250(4982):786-91 [2173140] Cell. 1988 Jul 1;54(1):17-26 [3289755] N Engl J Med. 1988 Sep 1;319(9):525-32 [2841597] Carcinogenesis. 1988 Nov;9(11):2045-52 [3052903] Nature. 1988 Dec 22-29;336(6201):738-44 [2462672] Cell. 1989 Apr 21;57(2):253-63 [2649251] Carcinogenesis. 1989 May;10(5):847-50 [2565171] Cell. 1989 Jun 2;57(5):775-86 [2470513] Nature. 1991 Feb 28;349(6312):808-11 [1825699] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Mar 1;88(5):1636-40 [2000373] Cell. 1991 Mar 22;64(6):1111-22 [1706223] EMBO J. 1991 Apr;10(4):857-64 [2009861] EMBO J. 1991 Apr;10(4):865-75 [1849074] Nature. 1991 Apr 11;350(6318):512-5 [1826542] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Apr 15;88(8):3377-81 [2014258] EMBO J. 1991 May;10(5):1255-63 [1850698] Mol Cell Biol. 1990 Dec;10(12):6554-64 [2247073] Cancer Res. 1990 Dec 1;50(23):7415-21 [2174724] Nature. 1991 Jan 10;349(6305):132-8 [1846030] Science. 1990 Dec 14;250(4987):1573-6 [1703321] EMBO J. 1991 Feb;10(2):305-16 [1846803] Nature. 1991 Jan 31;349(6308):388-93 [1992340] J Cell Biol. 1991 Feb;112(4):523-33 [1825210] Cell. 1991 Oct 4;67(1):197-211 [1913817] Cancer Res. 1991 Nov 1;51(21):6010-3 [1933864] Cancer Res. 1991 Dec 1;51(23 Pt 1):6304-11 [1933891] Mol Cell Biol. 1991 Dec;11(12):6177-84 [1944283] EMBO J. 1991 Dec;10(13):4279-90 [1756735] EMBO J. 1991 Dec;10(13):4301-9 [1756737] Cell. 1991 Dec 20;67(6):1169-79 [1836977] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1974 Apr;71(4):1286-90 [4524638] Bacteriol Rev. 1974 Jun;38(2):164-98 [4599449] Nature. 1982 Dec 23;300(5894):706-9 [6757758] EMBO J. 1991 Jun;10(6):1545-54 [1709096] Cell. 1991 May 17;65(4):691-9 [1827756] Cell. 1991 May 17;65(4):701-13 [1827757] J Biol Chem. 1991 Jun 5;266(16):10031-4 [1645333] Nature. 1991 May 16;351(6323):242-5 [1828290] Cell. 1991 Jun 14;65(6):921-3 [2044152] EMBO J. 1991 Aug;10(8):2069-75 [2065655] New Biol. 1991 Mar;3(3):259-69 [1715184] Cell. 1991 Aug 23;66(4):731-42 [1652371] Nature. 1991 Sep 5;353(6339):80-3 [1840647] Nature. 1991 Sep 12;353(6340):174-7 [1653904] Cell. 1991 Sep 20;66(6):1197-206 [1833066] Cell. 1991 Sep 20;66(6):1207-16 [1833067] Cell. 1991 Sep 20;66(6):1217-28 [1833068] Cell. 1991 Dec 20;67(6):1181-94 [1836978] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Dec 15;88(24):11012-6 [1722313] DNA Seq. 1990;1(1):49-54 [2132958] Cell. 1992 Jan 10;68(1):167-76 [1310073] Cell. 1992 Jan 24;68(2):323-32 [1310257] Cell. 1992 Feb 7;68(3):407-10 [1310893] Mol Cell Biol. 1992 Mar;12(3):971-80 [1545827] Science. 1992 Feb 28;255(5048):1144-7 [1312258] EMBO J. 1992 Mar;11(3):961-71 [1312467] Nature. 1992 Mar 26;356(6367):353-5 [1549179] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Apr 1;89(7):2824-8 [1532660] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Apr 1;89(7):2917-21 [1372994] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Apr 1;89(7):3093-7 [1372997] EMBO J. 1992 May;11(5):1797-804 [1582409] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Aug 15;89(16):7491-5 [1323840] Cell. 1992 Sep 18;70(6):923-35 [1356076] Cell. 1992 Sep 18;70(6):937-48 [1525830] Science. 1992 Sep 18;257(5077):1689-94 [1388288] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Using cell replication data in mathematical modeling in carcinogenesis. AN - 76282352; 8013428 AB - Risk estimation involves the application of quantitative models of dose versus response to carcinogenicity data. Recent advances in biology, computing, and mathematics have led to the application of mathematically complicated, mechanistically based models of carcinogenesis to the estimation of risks. This paper focuses on two aspects of this application, distinguishing between models using available data and the development of new models to keep pace with research developments. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Portier, C J AU - Kopp-Schneider, A AU - Sherman, C D AD - Risk Methodology Section, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709. Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - December 1993 SP - 79 EP - 86 VL - 101 Suppl 5 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Risk KW - Animals KW - Biometry KW - Cocarcinogenesis KW - Neoplastic Stem Cells -- pathology KW - Humans KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Mathematics KW - Neoplasms -- pathology KW - Models, Biological KW - Neoplasms -- etiology KW - Cell Division UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76282352?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Using+cell+replication+data+in+mathematical+modeling+in+carcinogenesis.&rft.au=Portier%2C+C+J%3BKopp-Schneider%2C+A%3BSherman%2C+C+D&rft.aulast=Portier&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=101+Suppl+5&rft.issue=&rft.spage=79&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-07-22 N1 - Date created - 1994-07-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Cell. 1990 Jun 1;61(5):759-67 [2188735] Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand. 1952;30(1):21-53 [14933039] Risk Anal. 1991 Sep;11(3):535-43 [1947359] Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1991 Oct;17(3):601-13 [1794662] Carcinogenesis. 1992 Jun;13(6):973-8 [1600619] Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1993 Jan;20(1):48-56 [8381755] Cancer Res. 1977 Oct;37(10):3475-83 [908002] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1980 Apr;64(4):977-89 [6929006] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1980 Sep;65(3):559-69 [6931935] J Toxicol Environ Health. 1983 Jul;12(1):1-19 [6631999] Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1984 Dec;4(6):949-59 [6519375] EMBO J. 1984 Dec 1;3(12):2943-6 [6098458] Cancer Res. 1986 Sep;46(9):4372-8 [3731095] Cell. 1987 May 22;49(4):465-75 [3032456] Cell. 1988 Apr 22;53(2):173-4 [3282673] Environ Health Perspect. 1987 Dec;76:125-31 [3447890] N Engl J Med. 1988 Sep 1;319(9):525-32 [2841597] Risk Anal. 1988 Sep;8(3):383-92 [3201016] J Toxicol Environ Health. 1989;27(1):21-45 [2724366] Science. 1990 Jan 5;247(4938):12-3 [2403692] Biometrics. 1989 Dec;45(4):1259-63 [2611323] Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1989 Oct;13(3):533-44 [2612786] Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1990 Apr;14(3):444-60 [2340975] Carcinogenesis. 1990 Aug;11(8):1271-8 [2143703] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cell proliferation not associated with carcinogenesis in rodents and humans. AN - 76282132; 8013399 AB - Cell proliferation has often been found to be associated with carcinogenesis in rodents and humans at different stages of the multistage carcinogenesis process. The multistage process includes initiation, promotion, and progression phases. At each phase, increasing the normal level of cell turnover of target cells may enhance carcinogenesis. However, we present evidence that normal levels of cell turnover, or increasing the rate of cell turnover at these different stages, do not necessarily lead to enhanced carcinogenesis. In normal tissues, the length of the cell cycle depends on the age of the host and varies from tissue to tissue. Tissues with normal short cell cycles, such as intestine and bone marrow, do not show a high rate of spontaneous tumors in most species. Cells with higher turnover should be more susceptible to carcinogens at the initiation stage of carcinogenesis if cell proliferation per se causes cancer and if these cells or their progeny survive. Cancer in humans is more often associated with specific etiological factors rather than with the natural proliferative rate of specific tissues. For many tissues of humans and rodents, age-related diseases develop in a progressive, irreversible manner. Often, naturally occurring chronic degenerative and inflammatory changes in a tissue (e.g., kidney, liver, heart, reproductive tract) lead to chronic regeneration of the damaged tissue. Yet, cancer is rarely found in these tissues. In rodent carcinogenesis experiments, chronic toxic lesions, accompanied by increases in normal levels of cell turnover, have sometimes been observed in target organs of nongenotoxic carcinogens. More often, however, organ-specific nongenotoxic toxins are not carcinogens. These toxins include compounds toxic for the liver, kidney, and nasal cavity. In 19 inhalation bioassays conducted by the National Toxicology Program, 5/5 nasal carcinogens and 12/14 nasal noncarcinogens caused nasal lesions usually associated with chronic cell proliferation. Although cell proliferation may contribute to multistage carcinogenesis, cell proliferation is not necessarily a tumor promoter or cocarcinogen. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Ward, J M AU - Uno, H AU - Kurata, Y AU - Weghorst, C M AU - Jang, J J AD - Tumor Pathology and Pathogenesis Section, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702-1201. Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - December 1993 SP - 125 EP - 135 VL - 101 Suppl 5 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Kidney Neoplasms -- pathology KW - Urinary Bladder Neoplasms -- pathology KW - Urinary Bladder Neoplasms -- etiology KW - Cocarcinogenesis KW - Humans KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Mice KW - Rats KW - Hyperplasia KW - Liver Neoplasms -- pathology KW - Nose Neoplasms -- pathology KW - Nose Neoplasms -- etiology KW - Aging -- pathology KW - Kidney Neoplasms -- etiology KW - Liver Neoplasms -- etiology KW - Female KW - Male KW - Neoplasms -- pathology KW - Neoplasms -- etiology KW - Cell Division UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76282132?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Cell+proliferation+not+associated+with+carcinogenesis+in+rodents+and+humans.&rft.au=Ward%2C+J+M%3BUno%2C+H%3BKurata%2C+Y%3BWeghorst%2C+C+M%3BJang%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=Ward&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=101+Suppl+5&rft.issue=&rft.spage=125&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-07-22 N1 - Date created - 1994-07-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Natl Cancer Inst. 1981 Aug;67(2):473-9 [6943384] Carcinogenesis. 1989 Sep;10(9):1651-6 [2766457] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1983 Apr;68(2):161-76 [6857658] Cancer Res. 1983 Sep;43(9):4454-7 [6871876] Carcinogenesis. 1983;4(7):895-9 [6135514] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1984 Feb;72(2):292-303 [6695376] Cancer Lett. 1984 May;23(1):29-37 [6744233] Carcinogenesis. 1985 Sep;6(9):1255-9 [2863006] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Oct;87(19):7777-81 [2217210] Cancer Res. 1990 Dec 1;50(23):7415-21 [2174724] Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 1990;10(3):283-303 [2257089] Carcinogenesis. 1990 Dec;11(12):2149-56 [2148284] Science. 1991 Jan 25;251(4992):387-8 [1989073] J Dermatol Sci. 1990 Nov;1(6):441-6 [2288899] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1991 Mar 1;107(3):562-7 [2000642] Cancer Lett. 1991 May 1;57(2):95-101 [1851054] Exp Pathol. 1990;40(3):125-38 [2097173] Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 1991;31:253-87 [2064376] Mod Pathol. 1991 May;4(3):371-82 [2068065] Carcinogenesis. 1991 Sep;12(9):1557-61 [1893515] Cancer Res. 1991 Dec 15;51(24):6493-505 [1742722] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1991 Dec;111(3):375-87 [1720906] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1991 Dec;111(3):409-21 [1746023] Cancer Res. 1992 Jan 15;52(2):249-53 [1728397] Environ Health Perspect. 1991 Jun;93:247-70 [1773796] Mol Carcinog. 1991;4(6):420-40 [1793481] FASEB J. 1992 Jun;6(9):2698-706 [1612294] Cancer. 1957 Jul-Aug;10(4):645-54 [13472598] Int Rev Exp Pathol. 1969;7:1-30 [4885801] Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand A. 1973 May;81(3):359-65 [4767228] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1989 Dec;101(3):414-31 [2481346] N Engl J Med. 1990 Apr 19;322(16):1093-7 [2320078] J Am Acad Dermatol. 1990 Jun;22(6 Pt 1):1056-60 [2370331] Science. 1990 Aug 31;249(4972):1007-11 [2204108] Science. 1990 Aug 31;249(4972):970-1 [2136249] Environ Health Perspect. 1990 Jun;86:27-36 [2401263] Cancer Res. 1974 May;34(5):920-6 [4842806] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1974 Aug;53(2):335-40 [4843266] Cancer Res. 1980 Sep;40(9):3398-402 [7427950] Urology. 1981 Mar;17(Suppl 3):11-6 [6163241] Environ Health Perspect. 1986 Mar;65:279-91 [3709454] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1986 Aug;77(2):573-82 [3461216] Cancer Res. 1986 Dec;46(12 Pt 1):6349-52 [3779651] Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1986 Oct;7(3):376-86 [3781128] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1986 Dec;77(6):1261-5 [3467116] Jpn J Cancer Res. 1987 Sep;78(9):879-82 [3117745] Lab Invest. 1987 Nov;57(5):564-77 [3682766] Cancer Res. 1988 Mar 15;48(6):1658-62 [3345534] Cancer Res. 1988 Apr 15;48(8):1996-2004 [2450643] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1988 Jul 20;80(10):772-4 [3385783] Carcinogenesis. 1988 Nov;9(11):2045-52 [3052903] Toxicology. 1988 Nov 30;52(3):237-52 [3188037] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1988 Dec;96(3):494-506 [3206528] Vet Pathol. 1989 Jan;26(1):6-10 [2913704] Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1989 Jan;12(1):163-71 [2925015] Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1989 Apr;12(3):418-31 [2731657] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1983 Feb;70(2):343-52 [6571941] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of proliferating cell nuclear antigen to tritiated thymidine as a marker of proliferating hepatocytes in rats. AN - 76280379; 7912186 AB - Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), an endogenous nuclear protein, has recently been used to identify replicating cells. PCNA was compared to tritiated thymidine ([3H]-TdR), a reliable and accurate exogenous labeling agent, to ascertain if PCNA gives comparable results for quantitative cell proliferation. Male F344 rats were treated with a single dose of 500 mg/kg 4-acetylaminofluorene (4-AAF), a known liver mitogen. Rats (n = 5) were euthanized and necropsied at 6, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, 96, or 192 hr after treatment. Two hours before necropsy, rats were pulsed-dosed with [3H]-TdR (2 mCi/kg body weight). Livers were sectioned, autoradiography performed, and labeling indexes (LI), a measurement of the percentage of S-phase hepatocytes, determined. One and a half years after the completion of this study, the archival paraffin blocks of the liver tissue were sectioned and stained for PCNA by an immunohistochemical procedure. Immunocytochemical staining patterns of proliferating cell nuclear antigen antigen expression permitted the recognition of G1, S, G2, M, and quiescent cells. PCNA LI, generated by scoring only cells exhibiting S-phase staining patterns, was compared to the pulse [3H]-TdR LI for each animal. Similar periportal staining patterns of S-phase nuclei were detected by both markers. The [3H]-TdR LI and the PCNA LI exhibited a peak at 24 hr of approximately the same magnitude. However, while the [3H]-TdR LI had returned to near baseline at the 48-hr time point, the PCNA LI remained elevated until the 96-hr time point. This sustained elevation of the PCNA index cannot be explained at this time.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Foley, J AU - Ton, T AU - Maronpot, R AU - Butterworth, B AU - Goldsworthy, T L AD - National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Resaerch Triangle Park, NC 27709. Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - December 1993 SP - 199 EP - 205 VL - 101 Suppl 5 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Biomarkers KW - 0 KW - Nuclear Proteins KW - Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen KW - Tritium KW - 10028-17-8 KW - 2-Acetylaminofluorene KW - 9M98QLJ2DL KW - Thymidine KW - VC2W18DGKR KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - 2-Acetylaminofluorene -- toxicity KW - Cell Cycle -- physiology KW - Immunohistochemistry KW - Male KW - Thymidine -- metabolism KW - Liver -- cytology KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Cell Division -- physiology KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Nuclear Proteins -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76280379?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+proliferating+cell+nuclear+antigen+to+tritiated+thymidine+as+a+marker+of+proliferating+hepatocytes+in+rats.&rft.au=Foley%2C+J%3BTon%2C+T%3BMaronpot%2C+R%3BButterworth%2C+B%3BGoldsworthy%2C+T+L&rft.aulast=Foley&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=101+Suppl+5&rft.issue=&rft.spage=199&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-07-22 N1 - Date created - 1994-07-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Histopathology. 1991 Mar;18(3):221-7 [1675189] Am J Pathol. 1991 May;138(5):1165-72 [1673821] Cancer Lett. 1991 Sep;59(3):251-6 [1680544] J Pathol. 1991 Dec;165(4):349-54 [1783954] J Pathol. 1991 Dec;165(4):356-7 [1686057] Environ Health Perspect. 1993 Dec;101 Suppl 5:211-8 [7912188] Cancer Lett. 1980 Aug;10(2):95-107 [7459837] Mutat Res. 1984 Feb;130(1):53-61 [6694655] EMBO J. 1985 Mar;4(3):655-61 [2861088] Exp Cell Res. 1986 Sep;166(1):209-19 [2874992] Nature. 1987 Apr 2-8;326(6112):515-7 [2882423] Nature. 1987 Apr 2-8;326(6112):517-20 [2882424] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Mar;84(6):1575-9 [2882507] Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1987 Sep;111(9):841-5 [2888448] Am J Pathol. 1989 Apr;134(4):733-9 [2565087] Cell Tissue Kinet. 1989 Sep;22(5):383-92 [2575456] J Cell Sci. 1990 Jan;95 ( Pt 1):1-4 [1972157] J Cell Sci. 1990 May;96 ( Pt 1):121-9 [1695635] J Histochem Cytochem. 1991 Jan;39(1):23-30 [1670579] Cell Tissue Kinet. 1990 Nov;23(6):505-22 [2276170] Cell Biol Int Rep. 1990 Sep;14(9):765-74 [1980636] Am J Pathol. 1991 Jun;138(6):1471-7 [1675840] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detecting proliferating cell nuclear antigen in archival rodent tissues. AN - 76274840; 7912187 AB - The detection of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), an endogenous cell replication marker, has lacked sensitivity in paraffin-embedded archival tissues fixed in formalin. An enhanced immunohistochemical procedure to detect PCNA has been successfully applied to rat and mouse tissues. Tissue sections are heated in a microwave oven in the presence of an antigen-retrieval solution of heavy-metal salts. Positive immunostaining of S-phase cells, an indication of DNA replicative activity, has been consistently obtained in tissues fixed for more than 24 months in formalin and in paraffin blocks stored for up to 19 months. Use of this technique will allow retrospective staining of rodent tissues from previously conducted toxicity and carcinogenicity studies. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Greenwell, A AU - Foley, J F AU - Maronpot, R R AD - National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709. Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - December 1993 SP - 207 EP - 209 VL - 101 Suppl 5 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Biomarkers KW - 0 KW - Nuclear Proteins KW - Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Kidney -- metabolism KW - Cell Division -- physiology KW - S Phase KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Mice KW - Tissue Distribution KW - DNA Replication KW - Immunohistochemistry -- methods KW - Nuclear Proteins -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76274840?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Detecting+proliferating+cell+nuclear+antigen+in+archival+rodent+tissues.&rft.au=Greenwell%2C+A%3BFoley%2C+J+F%3BMaronpot%2C+R+R&rft.aulast=Greenwell&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=101+Suppl+5&rft.issue=&rft.spage=207&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-07-22 N1 - Date created - 1994-07-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Leuk Res. 1984;8(2):143-57 [6143860] Cancer Lett. 1991 Sep;59(3):251-6 [1680544] Nature. 1987 Apr 2-8;326(6112):515-7 [2882423] FEBS Lett. 1987 Aug 10;220(1):1-7 [2886367] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Oct;85(20):7506-10 [2902631] Am J Pathol. 1989 Apr;134(4):733-9 [2565087] Cell Tissue Res. 1989 Apr;256(1):167-73 [2565770] Cell Tissue Kinet. 1989 Sep;22(5):383-92 [2575456] Science. 1990 Aug 31;249(4972):1007-11 [2204108] Science. 1990 Aug 31;249(4972):970-1 [2136249] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Oct;87(19):7772-6 [2217209] Science. 1991 Jan 25;251(4992):387-8 [1989073] J Pathol. 1990 Dec;162(4):285-94 [1981239] J Histochem Cytochem. 1991 Jun;39(6):741-8 [1709656] Exp Cell Res. 1986 Sep;166(1):209-19 [2874992] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - MK-801 and memantine protect cultured neurons from glutamate toxicity induced by glutamate carboxypeptidase-mediated cleavage of methotrexate. AN - 76271358; 7910141 AB - Cleavage of methotrexate into glutamate and diaminomethylpteroate by intrathecal glutamate carboxypeptidase is a new approach to the treatment of acute methotrexate neurotoxicity. The simulation of glutamate carboxypeptidase rescue from high-dose methotrexate in neuron astrocyte cocultures of rat cerebellum or cerebral cortex resulted in a selective, concentration-dependent neurotoxicity. The neurotoxicity was caused by the enzymatic release of glutamate from methotrexate at lower concentrations of methotrexate, and by both glutamate and diaminomethylpteroate at concentrations of methotrexate exceeding 200 microM. The good neuroprotection afforded by MK-801 and memantine suggested that glutamate toxicity was mediated by N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. Methotrexate alone was not toxic to astrocytes, neurons, or the neurite networking. [3H]thymidine and [3H]deoxyuridine incorporation studies showed that astrocyte proliferation in the presence of methotrexate was maintained by the reutilization of pyrimidine bases for DNA synthesis. N-methyl-D-asparate receptor antagonists should be coadministered in future experimental and clinical trials examining intrathecal glutamate carboxypeptidase rescue of methotrexate toxicity. JF - European journal of pharmacology AU - Weller, M AU - Marini, A M AU - Finiels-Marlier, F AU - Martin, B AU - Paul, S M AD - Section on Molecular Pharmacology, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD. Y1 - 1993/12/01/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Dec 01 SP - 303 EP - 312 VL - 248 IS - 4 SN - 0014-2999, 0014-2999 KW - Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists KW - 0 KW - Glutamates KW - Glutamic Acid KW - 3KX376GY7L KW - Dizocilpine Maleate KW - 6LR8C1B66Q KW - Carboxypeptidases KW - EC 3.4.- KW - glutamate carboxypeptidase KW - EC 3.4.17.11 KW - Memantine KW - W8O17SJF3T KW - Methotrexate KW - YL5FZ2Y5U1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cerebral Cortex -- cytology KW - Cerebral Cortex -- drug effects KW - Drug Interactions KW - Astrocytes -- drug effects KW - Rats KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Cerebellum -- cytology KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Cerebellum -- drug effects KW - Astrocytes -- pathology KW - Carboxypeptidases -- pharmacology KW - Neurons -- drug effects KW - Memantine -- pharmacology KW - Brain -- drug effects KW - Methotrexate -- metabolism KW - Glutamates -- toxicity KW - Methotrexate -- toxicity KW - Neurons -- pathology KW - Dizocilpine Maleate -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76271358?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+journal+of+pharmacology&rft.atitle=MK-801+and+memantine+protect+cultured+neurons+from+glutamate+toxicity+induced+by+glutamate+carboxypeptidase-mediated+cleavage+of+methotrexate.&rft.au=Weller%2C+M%3BMarini%2C+A+M%3BFiniels-Marlier%2C+F%3BMartin%2C+B%3BPaul%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Weller&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=248&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=303&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=European+journal+of+pharmacology&rft.issn=00142999&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-06-15 N1 - Date created - 1994-06-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of omeprazole in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome: a prospective nine-year study of efficacy and safety. AN - 76271169; 8161665 AB - H+, K(+)-ATPase inhibitors such as omeprazole are the antisecretory agents of choice for the management of gastric acid hypersecretory states, including the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. However, long-term follow-up data on the overall efficacy and safety of these agents in large numbers of patients are lacking. In the current study we examined the long-term efficacy and safety of omeprazole in 116 patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome treated with oral omeprazole at a single centre for up to 114 months (mean +/- S.E.M. = 38 +/- 3 months). The initial omeprazole maintenance dose was established according to the acute upward dose titration method in 89/116 patients (77%). Gastric acid output was effectively controlled using 60 mg of omeprazole once daily in 41/89 patients (46%) and 22/89 patients (25%) required twice daily omeprazole therapy. The mean ranitidine equivalent dose for patients who required 60 mg omeprazole once daily (2.5 +/- 0.2 g/day) was significantly lower than the mean ranitidine equivalent dose for patients who required more than 60 mg omeprazole once daily (4.3 +/- 0.3 g/day). Long-term omeprazole maintenance therapy was discontinued in 36/116 patients (31%) but in no cases was discontinuation due either to drug-induced side-effects or uncontrolled gastric acid output. Fasting serum gastrin levels were significantly elevated above pre-treatment levels at only one time point during follow-up and were likely due to tumour growth rather than a drug effect. The final long-term omeprazole maintenance doses were lower than the initial doses but correlated closely with the pre-omeprazole basal acid output (r = 0.41, P < 0.001) and ranitidine equivalent dose requirements (r = 0.49, P < 0.001). We conclude that omeprazole effectively and safely controls gastric acid hypersecretion in all patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome for up to nine years without evidence by tachyphylaxis. JF - Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics AU - Metz, D C AU - Strader, D B AU - Orbuch, M AU - Koviack, P D AU - Feigenbaum, K M AU - Jensen, R T AD - Digestive Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892. Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - December 1993 SP - 597 EP - 610 VL - 7 IS - 6 SN - 0269-2813, 0269-2813 KW - Gastrins KW - 0 KW - Ranitidine KW - 884KT10YB7 KW - Omeprazole KW - KG60484QX9 KW - Index Medicus KW - Administration, Oral KW - Ranitidine -- administration & dosage KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Gastrins -- blood KW - Aged KW - Prospective Studies KW - Ranitidine -- therapeutic use KW - Adult KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Female KW - Male KW - Omeprazole -- pharmacology KW - Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome -- drug therapy KW - Omeprazole -- adverse effects KW - Omeprazole -- therapeutic use KW - Omeprazole -- administration & dosage KW - Gastric Acid -- secretion UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76271169?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alimentary+pharmacology+%26+therapeutics&rft.atitle=Use+of+omeprazole+in+Zollinger-Ellison+syndrome%3A+a+prospective+nine-year+study+of+efficacy+and+safety.&rft.au=Metz%2C+D+C%3BStrader%2C+D+B%3BOrbuch%2C+M%3BKoviack%2C+P+D%3BFeigenbaum%2C+K+M%3BJensen%2C+R+T&rft.aulast=Metz&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=597&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alimentary+pharmacology+%26+therapeutics&rft.issn=02692813&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-05-25 N1 - Date created - 1994-05-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The fourth United States-Japan meeting on the toxicological characterization of environmental chemicals. AN - 76266158; 8143598 JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Damstra, T AU - Kurokawa, Y AD - National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triange Park, NC 27709. Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - December 1993 SP - 644 EP - 649 VL - 101 IS - 7 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - Testis -- drug effects KW - Reproduction -- drug effects KW - Fishes KW - Carcinogenicity Tests KW - Anura KW - Guidelines as Topic KW - Drug Evaluation, Preclinical KW - Drosophila KW - Male KW - Japan KW - Growth -- drug effects KW - Female KW - Environmental Pollutants -- toxicity KW - International Cooperation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76266158?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=The+fourth+United+States-Japan+meeting+on+the+toxicological+characterization+of+environmental+chemicals.&rft.au=Damstra%2C+T%3BKurokawa%2C+Y&rft.aulast=Damstra&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=644&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-05-05 N1 - Date created - 1994-05-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1970 Oct;135(1):51-4 [5475623] Environ Health Perspect. 1993 Apr;100:269-82 [8354175] Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 1981;10(3):371-91 [7259304] J Embryol Exp Morphol. 1983 Apr;74:133-42 [6411849] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1984 Feb;72(2):364-71 [6695380] Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 1985 Sep;5(3):294-313 [3903881] Hum Toxicol. 1988 Sep;7(5):405-10 [3192224] Teratog Carcinog Mutagen. 1988;8(5):251-63 [2905834] Science. 1989 Oct 20;246(4928):352-8 [2678474] Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1989 Nov;13(4):747-77 [2620795] Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1990 May;14(4):720-33 [2361573] Toxicol Pathol. 1990;18(1 Pt 2):186-92 [2195638] Toxicol Pathol. 1990;18(2):239-46 [1697977] Environ Health Perspect. 1990 Jul;87:301-7 [2269235] Environ Health Perspect. 1991 Aug;94:255-9 [1683283] Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1992 Jan;18(1):89-95 [1601214] J Biomed Mater Res. 1992 Mar;26(3):339-56 [1613025] Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1992 Aug;19(2):186-96 [1516774] Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 1992 Aug;16(1):73-80 [1410657] Environ Health Perspect. 1992 Nov;98:281-6 [1486859] J Toxicol Environ Health. 1979 Jul;5(4):699-709 [490681] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Preliminary controlled trial of nimodipine in ultra-rapid cycling affective dysregulation. AN - 76265807; 8177920 AB - We report the initial results of the first controlled double-blind trial of nimodipine, a calcium channel antagonist, in the acute and prophylactic treatment of patients with treatment-refractory affective dysregulation. Active drug nimodipine (A) was substituted for placebo (B) in 12 patients. Patients were studied in a B-A-B design, with 3 of the 12 patients rechallenged with active drug in a B-A-B-A design (patients 9, 10, and 11). Five of the nine patients who completed the drug trial responded. One of three patients suffering from ultra-ultra-rapid (ultradian) cycling bipolar II disorder (patient 6) showed an essentially complete response; the other two ultradian patients (patients 4 and 9) showed evidence of a partial response on manic and depressive oscillations, one of which was confirmed in a B-A-B-A design. Only one of five less rapidly, but continuously cycling patients showed an excellent response (patient 10), and this was confirmed in a B-A-B-A design. The one patient who had recurrent brief depression (patient 11) showed a complete resolution of severe depressive recurrences, with response re-confirmed in an extended prophylactic trial with a B-A-B-A design. In the eight patients who completed self-ratings, nimodipine was associated with a significant reduction in the magnitude of mood fluctuations compared with the baseline placebo condition. Further clinical study of nimodipine, a calcium channel blocker with a unique profile of behavioral and anticonvulsant properties, appears warranted in patients with treatment-refractory affective illness characterized by recurrent brief depression and ultradian cycling. JF - Psychiatry research AU - Pazzaglia, P J AU - Post, R M AU - Ketter, T A AU - George, M S AU - Marangell, L B AD - Biological Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892. Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - December 1993 SP - 257 EP - 272 VL - 49 IS - 3 SN - 0165-1781, 0165-1781 KW - Nimodipine KW - 57WA9QZ5WH KW - Index Medicus KW - Drug Administration Schedule KW - Psychiatric Status Rating Scales KW - Double-Blind Method KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Periodicity KW - Middle Aged KW - Recurrence KW - Male KW - Female KW - Nimodipine -- adverse effects KW - Depressive Disorder -- psychology KW - Bipolar Disorder -- drug therapy KW - Nimodipine -- therapeutic use KW - Depressive Disorder -- drug therapy KW - Bipolar Disorder -- psychology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76265807?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Psychiatry+research&rft.atitle=Preliminary+controlled+trial+of+nimodipine+in+ultra-rapid+cycling+affective+dysregulation.&rft.au=Pazzaglia%2C+P+J%3BPost%2C+R+M%3BKetter%2C+T+A%3BGeorge%2C+M+S%3BMarangell%2C+L+B&rft.aulast=Pazzaglia&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=257&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Psychiatry+research&rft.issn=01651781&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-06-09 N1 - Date created - 1994-06-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dopamine D2 and serotonin S2 receptors in susceptibility to methamphetamine psychosis detected by positron emission tomography. AN - 76263125; 8177922 AB - Positron emission tomography (PET) was used to assess the role of dopamine D2 receptors in the striatum and serotonin S2 receptors in the frontal cortex in the susceptibility to methamphetamine-induced psychosis. Subjects were six men who had previously experienced methamphetamine psychosis (methamphetamine subjects) and 10 age- and sex-matched control subjects. The radiotracer used was 11C-N-methylspiperone. Although binding availability, assessed by dynamic analysis, in the two regions did not differ between the two groups, the ratio of binding availability in the striatum to that in the frontal cortex significantly decreased in the methamphetamine subjects as compared with the control subjects. These findings suggest that an imbalance in the activity of these two receptors may be related to the susceptibility to methamphetamine psychosis. JF - Psychiatry research AU - Iyo, M AU - Nishio, M AU - Itoh, T AU - Fukuda, H AU - Suzuki, K AU - Yamasaki, T AU - Fukui, S AU - Tateno, Y AD - Division of Drug Dependence, National Institute of Mental Health, Chiba, Japan. Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - December 1993 SP - 217 EP - 231 VL - 50 IS - 4 SN - 0165-1781, 0165-1781 KW - Receptors, Dopamine D2 KW - 0 KW - Receptors, Serotonin KW - Methamphetamine KW - 44RAL3456C KW - Spiperone KW - 4X6E73CJ0Q KW - 3-N-methylspiperone KW - 87539-19-3 KW - Index Medicus KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- physiopathology KW - Frontal Lobe -- physiopathology KW - Frontal Lobe -- drug effects KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- diagnostic imaging KW - Radioligand Assay KW - Spiperone -- analogs & derivatives KW - Male KW - Receptors, Serotonin -- physiology KW - Receptors, Serotonin -- drug effects KW - Cerebral Cortex -- drug effects KW - Psychoses, Substance-Induced -- diagnostic imaging KW - Methamphetamine -- adverse effects KW - Receptors, Dopamine D2 -- physiology KW - Cerebral Cortex -- diagnostic imaging KW - Cerebral Cortex -- physiopathology KW - Corpus Striatum -- diagnostic imaging KW - Corpus Striatum -- physiopathology KW - Psychoses, Substance-Induced -- physiopathology KW - Tomography, Emission-Computed KW - Corpus Striatum -- drug effects KW - Receptors, Dopamine D2 -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76263125?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Psychiatry+research&rft.atitle=Dopamine+D2+and+serotonin+S2+receptors+in+susceptibility+to+methamphetamine+psychosis+detected+by+positron+emission+tomography.&rft.au=Iyo%2C+M%3BNishio%2C+M%3BItoh%2C+T%3BFukuda%2C+H%3BSuzuki%2C+K%3BYamasaki%2C+T%3BFukui%2C+S%3BTateno%2C+Y&rft.aulast=Iyo&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=217&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Psychiatry+research&rft.issn=01651781&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-06-09 N1 - Date created - 1994-06-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha as radio- and chemoprotectors of bone marrow. AN - 76262870; 8136738 AB - Administration of interleukin 1 (IL-1) or tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha) protects bone marrow precursor cells (BMPC) from ionizing radiation and antineoplastic drugs. The time of injection is critical: the best protective results being obtained when cytokines are given around 24h prior to the induced injury. Multiple daily cytokine injections that precede irradiation or drug administration are more effective than single ones although single doses are quite effective at increasing survival in mice. Protection is positively correlated with both rapid granulocyte recovery and BMPC survival. Mechanisms involved in BMPC radioprotection include: (1) push to the S/G2 + M or arrest in the G0 phases of the cell cycle by IL-1 or TNF alpha, respectively, and (2) induction of mitochondrial manganous superoxide dismutase synthesis. For BMPC chemoprotection, proposed mechanisms are: (1) increase of aldehyde dehydrogenase synthesis, and (2) modulation of multiple-drug resistant gene expression. Stimulation of glutathione synthesis in BMPC could be operating in both radio- and chemoprotection. These findings point to the relevance of IL-1 or TNF alpha in cancer therapy as a means of reducing BMPC sensitivity to cytoreductive drugs or irradiation (including radioimmunotherapy) as well as in in vitro tumor cell purging with drugs in autologous BMT. Prior administration of these cytokines should be also considered for people in imminent danger of exposure to radiation. JF - Bone marrow transplantation AU - Dalmau, S R AU - Freitas, C S AU - Tabak, D G AD - Department of Immunology, National Cancer Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - December 1993 SP - 551 EP - 563 VL - 12 IS - 6 SN - 0268-3369, 0268-3369 KW - Antineoplastic Agents KW - 0 KW - Interleukin-1 KW - Radiation-Protective Agents KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Radiation Injuries -- prevention & control KW - Humans KW - Hematopoietic Stem Cells -- cytology KW - Radiation-Protective Agents -- pharmacology KW - Neoplasms -- therapy KW - Antineoplastic Agents -- adverse effects KW - Hematopoietic Stem Cells -- drug effects KW - Bone Marrow Cells KW - Cell Survival -- drug effects KW - In Vitro Techniques KW - Cell Survival -- radiation effects KW - Colony-Forming Units Assay KW - Hematopoietic Stem Cells -- radiation effects KW - Antineoplastic Agents -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Interleukin-1 -- pharmacology KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha -- administration & dosage KW - Interleukin-1 -- administration & dosage KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha -- pharmacology KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha -- adverse effects KW - Bone Marrow -- radiation effects KW - Bone Marrow -- drug effects KW - Interleukin-1 -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76262870?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bone+marrow+transplantation&rft.atitle=Interleukin-1+and+tumor+necrosis+factor-alpha+as+radio-+and+chemoprotectors+of+bone+marrow.&rft.au=Dalmau%2C+S+R%3BFreitas%2C+C+S%3BTabak%2C+D+G&rft.aulast=Dalmau&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=551&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bone+marrow+transplantation&rft.issn=02683369&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-04-25 N1 - Date created - 1994-04-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dose response for TCDD promotion of hepatocarcinogenesis in rats initiated with DEN: histologic, biochemical, and cell proliferation endpoints. AN - 76262458; 8143597 AB - The present study examines the dose-response relationship for 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) promotion of histologic and biochemical parameters by using a two-stage model for hepatocarcinogenesis in female Sprague-Dawley rats initiated with a single intraperitoneal dose of 175 mg of diethylnitrosamine (DEN)/kg body weight at 70 days of age. Starting 2 weeks after initiation, treatment groups of 8-10 rats were given TCDD by gavage in corn oil once every 2 weeks for 30 weeks. Doses were 3.5, 10.7, 35.7, and 125 ng TCDD/kg body weight/day. A significant body weight reduction was present in the noninitiated group that received 125 ng TCDD. Relative liver weight was statistically increased in initiated rats treated with > or = 10.7 ng TCDD and in noninitiated rats treated with > or = 35.7 ng TCDD. Histopathologic evidence of cytotoxicity was dose-related in all TCDD-treated groups. There was a statistically significant dose response in the bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) S-phase labeling index (LI) in the DEN-initiated rats (p < 0.01) and a marginally significant trend in the saline-treated rats (p = 0.10), but proliferating cell nuclear antigen S-phase LI and growth fraction within altered hepatic foci showed no increase. Among the DEN-initiated groups there was a significant increase in glutathione S-transferase altered hepatic foci stereological parameters in the 125 ng TCDD group. This study demonstrates that dose-response relationships for TCDD's effects on cell proliferation growth of altered hepatic foci are different from previously reported effects on P450 gene expression, indicating that different biological or biochemical responses may exhibit different dose-response relationships.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Maronpot, R R AU - Foley, J F AU - Takahashi, K AU - Goldsworthy, T AU - Clark, G AU - Tritscher, A AU - Portier, C AU - Lucier, G AD - National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709. Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - December 1993 SP - 634 EP - 642 VL - 101 IS - 7 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Isoenzymes KW - 0 KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins KW - Diethylnitrosamine KW - 3IQ78TTX1A KW - Glutathione Transferase KW - EC 2.5.1.18 KW - Index Medicus KW - Osmolar Concentration KW - Animals KW - Liver -- pathology KW - Placenta -- enzymology KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Glutathione Transferase -- metabolism KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Organ Size KW - Isoenzymes -- metabolism KW - Rats KW - Body Weight KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Female KW - Cell Division KW - Liver Neoplasms, Experimental -- pathology KW - Liver Neoplasms, Experimental -- chemically induced KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76262458?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Dose+response+for+TCDD+promotion+of+hepatocarcinogenesis+in+rats+initiated+with+DEN%3A+histologic%2C+biochemical%2C+and+cell+proliferation+endpoints.&rft.au=Maronpot%2C+R+R%3BFoley%2C+J+F%3BTakahashi%2C+K%3BGoldsworthy%2C+T%3BClark%2C+G%3BTritscher%2C+A%3BPortier%2C+C%3BLucier%2C+G&rft.aulast=Maronpot&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=634&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-05-05 N1 - Date created - 1994-05-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Mutat Res. 1977-1978;47(3-4):141-60 [99649] Carcinogenesis. 1992 Mar;13(3):501-3 [1347716] Cancer Res. 1979 Sep;39(9):3341-4 [476664] Cancer Res. 1980 Oct;40(10):3616-20 [6108157] Cancer Res. 1982 Feb;42(2):465-72 [6120037] Nature. 1982 Nov 18;300(5889):271-3 [7144882] Cancer Res. 1983 Mar;43(3):1261-8 [6825098] Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1993 Jan;20(1):48-56 [8381755] Carcinogenesis. 1993 May;14(5):811-7 [8099314] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1993 May;120(1):138-54 [8511776] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Dec;81(23):7407-11 [6095293] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1985 Feb;77(2):251-9 [2579474] Carcinogenesis. 1985 Sep;6(9):1261-9 [2863007] Arch Toxicol. 1985 Aug;57(3):147-58 [3904674] Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1986 Feb;6(2):364-71 [3084326] Crit Rev Toxicol. 1986;17(1):61-89 [3527567] Toxicol Pathol. 1986;14(2):263-73 [3764323] Carcinogenesis. 1986 Nov;7(11):1797-803 [2876784] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1987 Feb;87(2):306-14 [3029898] Carcinogenesis. 1987 Oct;8(10):1491-9 [2888545] Toxicol Lett. 1988 Jul;42(1):5-14 [2838937] Jpn J Cancer Res. 1988 May;79(5):556-72 [3136107] Carcinogenesis. 1988 Nov;9(11):1935-41 [3141074] Arch Toxicol. 1988;62(5):359-68 [3242446] Cancer Res. 1990 Feb 1;50(3):472-9 [1967547] Toxicol Pathol. 1989;17(4 Pt 1):630-41 [2629099] Toxicol Pathol. 1989;17(4 Pt 1):663-72; discussion 673-4 [2697941] Science. 1990 Aug 31;249(4972):1007-11 [2204108] Cancer Res. 1991 Mar 1;51(5):1391-7 [1671757] Cell Biol Toxicol. 1991 Jan;7(1):67-94 [2054688] Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1991 Apr;16(3):525-47 [1855624] Carcinogenesis. 1992 Mar;13(3):453-6 [1547536] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1978 Nov;46(2):279-303 [734660] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cytochrome P450 and monoclonal antibodies. AN - 76262450; 8127919 JF - Pharmacological reviews AU - Gelboin, H V AD - Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892. Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - December 1993 SP - 413 EP - 453 VL - 45 IS - 4 SN - 0031-6997, 0031-6997 KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal KW - 0 KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System KW - 9035-51-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Immunohistochemistry KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System -- analysis KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal -- isolation & purification KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System -- immunology KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal -- immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76262450?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pharmacological+reviews&rft.atitle=Cytochrome+P450+and+monoclonal+antibodies.&rft.au=Gelboin%2C+H+V&rft.aulast=Gelboin&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=413&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pharmacological+reviews&rft.issn=00316997&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-04-14 N1 - Date created - 1994-04-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The misuse of analysis of variance to detect synergy in combination drug studies. AN - 76254696; 8121692 AB - Drug combination studies often examine the possibility of synergy between drugs. Synergy is defined as an effect of a combination of drugs greater than that expected from the effects of the drugs given individually. One technique used by several investigators is the use of analysis of variance (ANOVA) to determine synergy. In this discussion, the argument is made that due to the pharmacology of drug combination studies the conditions necessary to support the use of ANOVA to detect synergy are typically not met. Therefore, the ANOVA technique is invalid for these drug combination studies. JF - Pain AU - Caudle, R M AU - Williams, G M AD - Neurobiology and Anesthesiology Branch, National Institute of Dental Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892. Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - December 1993 SP - 313 EP - 317 VL - 55 IS - 3 SN - 0304-3959, 0304-3959 KW - Receptors, Drug KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Receptors, Drug -- drug effects KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Kinetics KW - Research Design KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Drug Synergism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76254696?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pain&rft.atitle=The+misuse+of+analysis+of+variance+to+detect+synergy+in+combination+drug+studies.&rft.au=Caudle%2C+R+M%3BWilliams%2C+G+M&rft.aulast=Caudle&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=313&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pain&rft.issn=03043959&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-04-05 N1 - Date created - 1994-04-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of DSM-III-R and draft DSM-IV alcohol abuse and dependence in a general population sample. AN - 76252847; 8130711 AB - The purpose of this Data Note was to compare DSM-III-R and Draft DSM-IV formulations of alcohol use disorders in terms of prevalence and overlap in a representative sample of the United States general population. The prevalence of DSM-III-R and DSM-IV alcohol abuse and dependence combined were strikingly similar, despite discrepancies in the separate component diagnoses of abuse and dependence. The major finding of this study showed a reversal of the abuse-to-dependence ratio associated with the DSM-IV classification. Unlike previous surveys using DSM-III-R definitions, the prevalence of DSM-IV abuse exceeded that of dependence in this general population sample. Reasons for this discrepancy were discussed in terms of the differences in the number and content of abuse and dependence criteria and the relationship between abuse and dependence categories. The need for an explicit statement justifying the changes in the DSM-IV classification is highlighted. JF - Addiction (Abingdon, England) AU - Grant, B F AD - Division of Biometry and Epidemiology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Rockville, MD 20857. Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - December 1993 SP - 1709 EP - 1716 VL - 88 IS - 12 SN - 0965-2140, 0965-2140 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sex Factors KW - Humans KW - Continental Population Groups KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Prevalence KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- diagnosis KW - Psychiatric Status Rating Scales KW - Alcoholism -- epidemiology KW - Alcoholism -- diagnosis KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76252847?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Addiction+%28Abingdon%2C+England%29&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+DSM-III-R+and+draft+DSM-IV+alcohol+abuse+and+dependence+in+a+general+population+sample.&rft.au=Grant%2C+B+F&rft.aulast=Grant&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1709&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Addiction+%28Abingdon%2C+England%29&rft.issn=09652140&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-04-18 N1 - Date created - 1994-04-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Adverse effects of antipsychotic drugs. AN - 76244868; 7907481 AB - Since the introduction of chlorpromazine in the 1950s, neuroleptic medications have been the mainstay of treatment of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. These medications do not always lead to complete remission of symptoms but they have allowed many patients to lead more productive and satisfying lives away from the restrictions of chronic hospitalisation. However, neuroleptics are associated with a number of adverse effects that can compromise their effectiveness. Extrapyramidal adverse effects include acute dystonic reactions, neuroleptic-induced Parkinsonism and akathisia. They can often be treated with neuroleptic dose reduction, addition of anticholinergic or beta-blocking agents, or medication change. Later-onset movement disorders such as tardive dyskinesia or dystonia require careful evaluation and may be treated with dose reduction or change of neuroleptic to an atypical agent. Potentially fatal reactions such as agranulocytosis and neuroleptic malignant syndrome can rarely occur and often require significant medical intervention. Clozapine offers some advantages over 'typical' neuroleptics but has a unique adverse effect profile which includes agranulocytosis. JF - Drug safety AU - Malhotra, A K AU - Litman, R E AU - Pickar, D AD - Experimental Therapeutics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland. Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - December 1993 SP - 429 EP - 436 VL - 9 IS - 6 SN - 0114-5916, 0114-5916 KW - Antipsychotic Agents KW - 0 KW - Clozapine KW - J60AR2IKIC KW - Index Medicus KW - Parkinson Disease, Secondary -- chemically induced KW - Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome -- etiology KW - Akathisia, Drug-Induced KW - Parasympathetic Nervous System -- drug effects KW - Humans KW - Dystonia -- chemically induced KW - Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced KW - Clozapine -- adverse effects KW - Antipsychotic Agents -- adverse effects KW - Basal Ganglia Diseases -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76244868?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Drug+safety&rft.atitle=Adverse+effects+of+antipsychotic+drugs.&rft.au=Malhotra%2C+A+K%3BLitman%2C+R+E%3BPickar%2C+D&rft.aulast=Malhotra&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=429&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Drug+safety&rft.issn=01145916&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-04-21 N1 - Date created - 1994-04-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 production by mononuclear cells of chronic alcoholics during treatment. AN - 76240445; 8116830 AB - Chronic alcohol consumption has been associated with suppression of a number of immune parameters. This study was designed to investigate the relationship between chronic alcohol ingestion and cessation with respect to release of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) using highly specific and sensitive ELISA assays, as well as a functional assay, natural killer cell cytotoxic activity. ELISAs were developed to determine the amount of IL-6 and IL-8 release by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Two groups of subjects were recruited: young (18-22 years old), nonalcoholic users (controls) and long-term alcoholics (35-55 years old). Blood samples were collected at time 0 from all subjects and from alcoholics 28 days after treatment had begun and alcohol use had ceased. Then mitogen-stimulated release of cytokines by peripheral blood cells was determined. The abstaining controls, and the alcoholics, after 30 days of abstinence, tended to produce lower amounts of IL-6 and IL-8, although these differences were not statistically significant. Natural killer cell activity was not statistically different between the young groups, yet appeared to increase once alcohol use discontinued. Some of the cells from the controls (abstainers) were incubated with ethanol (EtOH). Its content in sealed wells was measured after the time of incubation of PBMCs. When EtOH was serially diluted in plates, some well-well diffusion was noted, but the maximum concentration of EtOH never fell below 0.3% from an initial concentration of 0.5%, and at no time was the EtOH concentration gradient completely lost, even after 66 hr of incubation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research AU - Martinez, F AU - Thomas, N M AU - Darban, H AU - Cox, T J AU - Wood, S AU - Watson, R R AD - Department of Family and Community Medicine, NIAAA Alcohol Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson 85724. Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - December 1993 SP - 1193 EP - 1197 VL - 17 IS - 6 SN - 0145-6008, 0145-6008 KW - Interleukin-6 KW - 0 KW - Interleukin-8 KW - Index Medicus KW - Liver Diseases, Alcoholic -- rehabilitation KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Alcohol Drinking -- adverse effects KW - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Killer Cells, Natural -- immunology KW - Killer Cells, Natural -- drug effects KW - Liver Diseases, Alcoholic -- immunology KW - Alcohol Drinking -- immunology KW - Alcoholism -- rehabilitation KW - Interleukin-6 -- blood KW - Alcohol Withdrawal Delirium -- rehabilitation KW - Alcohol Withdrawal Delirium -- immunology KW - Monocytes -- immunology KW - Monocytes -- drug effects KW - Alcoholism -- immunology KW - Interleukin-8 -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76240445?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcoholism%2C+clinical+and+experimental+research&rft.atitle=Interleukin-6+and+interleukin-8+production+by+mononuclear+cells+of+chronic+alcoholics+during+treatment.&rft.au=Martinez%2C+F%3BThomas%2C+N+M%3BDarban%2C+H%3BCox%2C+T+J%3BWood%2C+S%3BWatson%2C+R+R&rft.aulast=Martinez&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1193&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcoholism%2C+clinical+and+experimental+research&rft.issn=01456008&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-03-31 N1 - Date created - 1994-03-31 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - CAGE as a predictor of hazardous alcohol consumption in U.S. Army personnel. AN - 76238868; 8116828 AB - Sensitivities, specificities, and odds ratios for hazardous drinking for various cut scores on the CAGE are computed for a large sample active duty Army personnel. Contrasts on these properties are made between the standard CAGE and a "modified CAGE" consisting of standard CAGE items and two other items dealing with problematic drinking. The role of demographic variables--gender, ethnicity, marital status, rank category, and age in mediating relationships of both versions of the screening test to hazardous drinking--is also explored. At a cutoff score of one endorsed item, odds ratios were highest for female personnel and commissioned officers. JF - Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research AU - Fertig, J B AU - Allen, J P AU - Cross, G M AD - Treatment Research Branch, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Rockville, MD 20857. Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - December 1993 SP - 1184 EP - 1187 VL - 17 IS - 6 SN - 0145-6008, 0145-6008 KW - Index Medicus KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Alcohol Drinking -- psychology KW - Alcohol Drinking -- adverse effects KW - Adolescent KW - Psychometrics KW - Male KW - Female KW - Personality Inventory -- statistics & numerical data KW - Alcoholism -- diagnosis KW - Military Personnel -- psychology KW - Alcoholism -- psychology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76238868?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcoholism%2C+clinical+and+experimental+research&rft.atitle=CAGE+as+a+predictor+of+hazardous+alcohol+consumption+in+U.S.+Army+personnel.&rft.au=Fertig%2C+J+B%3BAllen%2C+J+P%3BCross%2C+G+M&rft.aulast=Fertig&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1184&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcoholism%2C+clinical+and+experimental+research&rft.issn=01456008&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-03-31 N1 - Date created - 1994-03-31 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evolution by DNA turnover in the control region of vertebrate mitochondrial DNA. AN - 76236411; 8118214 AB - The control region of animal mitochondrial DNA is heterogeneous, including both highly conserved and highly variable sequences. Within the variable regions, variable number tandem repeat sequences have been described for numerous species. Repeats at one location, just upstream of the origin of replication, show an unprecedented level of length variation in somatic tissue. Recent comparison of these sequences in different species indicates a pattern of DNA turnover acting at different rates and over motifs of various sizes. JF - Current opinion in genetics & development AU - Hoelzel, A R AD - Laboratory of Viral Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702. Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - December 1993 SP - 891 EP - 895 VL - 3 IS - 6 SN - 0959-437X, 0959-437X KW - DNA, Mitochondrial KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Vertebrates KW - Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid KW - Biological Evolution KW - DNA, Mitochondrial -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76236411?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+opinion+in+genetics+%26+development&rft.atitle=Evolution+by+DNA+turnover+in+the+control+region+of+vertebrate+mitochondrial+DNA.&rft.au=Hoelzel%2C+A+R&rft.aulast=Hoelzel&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=891&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+opinion+in+genetics+%26+development&rft.issn=0959437X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-04-05 N1 - Date created - 1994-04-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Taxol: a case study. AN - 76235877; 7906612 AB - Taxol is a novel antineoplastic agent that has demonstrated significant activity in ovarian carcinoma. Clinical trials are now underway to determine its use in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents, cytokines, and other cancers. The purpose of this article is to review clinical trials using Taxol and relevant nursing care for patients receiving this drug. The nursing implications for Taxol's administration, side effects, and toxicities are also presented. Knowledge of Taxol allows the nurse to provide optimal nursing care and to create appropriate patient care and teaching plans. JF - Cancer nursing AU - DeLaPena, L B AU - Pyron, S AU - Nichols, J AD - Cancer Nursing Service, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892. Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - December 1993 SP - 423 EP - 430 VL - 16 IS - 6 SN - 0162-220X, 0162-220X KW - Paclitaxel KW - P88XT4IS4D KW - Index Medicus KW - Nursing KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Clinical Trials as Topic KW - Female KW - Paclitaxel -- administration & dosage KW - Paclitaxel -- adverse effects KW - Ovarian Neoplasms -- nursing KW - Patient Care Planning UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76235877?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+nursing&rft.atitle=Taxol%3A+a+case+study.&rft.au=DeLaPena%2C+L+B%3BPyron%2C+S%3BNichols%2C+J&rft.aulast=DeLaPena&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=423&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+nursing&rft.issn=0162220X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-03-30 N1 - Date created - 1994-03-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Coordinate regulation of collagen II(alpha 1) and H19 expression in immortalized hamster cells. AN - 76234348; 8117615 AB - Loss of tumor suppressor gene function is essential in the multistep progression of cells to neoplasia. Immortalized cells were established by carcinogen treatment of Syrian hamster embryo cells. At early passages, these nontumorigenic cells retained the ability to suppress tumorigenicity in cell hybrids with malignant cells. Upon passage and subcloning of these suppressor-positive (supB+) cells, variant clones that had lost tumor suppressor activity were isolated. These suppressor-negative (supB-) clones remained nontumorigenic. The mRNAs encoding collagen II(alpha 1a), a chondrocyte differentiation marker, and H19, a developmentally controlled gene, were more abundant in supB+ cells than in supB- cells. Nuclear run-on analysis indicated that the transcription of these genes is differentially regulated. Transient transfection experiments revealed that a cis-acting element in the rat collagen II 5' flanking sequences directs differentially regulated transcription. Gel retention analysis demonstrated the presence of a nuclear DNA-binding factor(s) that specifically recognizes a DNA sequence common to both the rat collagen II sequences and the mouse H19 enhancer. In one set of clones, transcriptional regulation could account for differential collagen II and H19 expression in supB+ and supB- cells. In another set of clones, posttranscriptional controls are responsible for the decreased expression of these genes in supB- cells. The emergence of two independent mechanisms that cause differential expression of collagen II and H19 related to tumor suppressor loss suggests that coordinate regulation of these genes, or others regulated by common mechanisms, may be important in tumor suppression. JF - Cell growth & differentiation : the molecular biology journal of the American Association for Cancer Research AU - Owen, R D AU - Hosoi, J AU - Montgomery, J C AU - Wiseman, R AU - Barrett, J C AD - Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709. Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - December 1993 SP - 1013 EP - 1021 VL - 4 IS - 12 SN - 1044-9523, 1044-9523 KW - H19 KW - DNA-Binding Proteins KW - 0 KW - Collagen KW - 9007-34-5 KW - Index Medicus KW - Phenotype KW - Animals KW - Base Sequence KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - DNA-Binding Proteins -- physiology KW - Cell Line, Transformed KW - Cricetinae KW - Collagen -- genetics KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic -- physiology KW - Transcription, Genetic KW - Collagen -- biosynthesis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76234348?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cell+growth+%26+differentiation+%3A+the+molecular+biology+journal+of+the+American+Association+for+Cancer+Research&rft.atitle=Coordinate+regulation+of+collagen+II%28alpha+1%29+and+H19+expression+in+immortalized+hamster+cells.&rft.au=Owen%2C+R+D%3BHosoi%2C+J%3BMontgomery%2C+J+C%3BWiseman%2C+R%3BBarrett%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Owen&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1013&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cell+growth+%26+differentiation+%3A+the+molecular+biology+journal+of+the+American+Association+for+Cancer+Research&rft.issn=10449523&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-04-06 N1 - Date created - 1994-04-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Gene symbol - H19 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Specific induction of hepatic cytochrome P4501a-2 in C57BL/6 and DBA/2 mice treated with 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ). AN - 76234130; 8114061 AB - The food mutagen/carcinogen 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ) is activated by cytochrome p4501a-2 via N-hydroxylation; various P450s may contribute to detoxification via ring hydroxylation. Alterations in P450 levels by IQ treatment might therefore influence its toxicity. To examine the role of Ah locus genotype on the biochemical effects of IQ, C57BL/6 (AhbAhb; p450Ia-1/2 inducible) and DBA/2 (AhdAhd, noninducible) mice of both sexes were given IQ at varying doses, with different vehicles and routes of administration. Livers taken after 24 hours were assessed for total cytochrome p450 and activities of ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD, a p4501a-1 activity, inducible in Ahb mice), methoxyresorufin-O-demethylase (MROD, a p4501a-2 activity), and benzyloxyresorufin-O-dealkylase (BzROD, an activity of p4502b). There was little effect on total cytochrome p450, but all three enzyme activities were often induced, a maximum of 2.5-fold, in both sexes and in DBA/2 as well as C57BL/6 mice. However, Western immunoblot analysis with monoclonal antibodies demonstrated an increase only in p4501a-2 protein. p4501a-1 remained undetectable. A monoclonal antibody to p4502-b recognized one protein band in liver microsomes from males and two bands in female mice of both strains. Amounts of these proteins were not altered by IQ treatment. Thus, IQ specifically, if moderately, induces its activating enzyme, p4501a-2, in a process that was not clearly related to Ah responsiveness. JF - Journal of biochemical toxicology AU - Nerurkar, P V AU - Anderson, L M AU - Snyderwine, E G AU - Park, S S AU - Thorgeirsson, S S AU - Rice, J M AD - Laboratory of Comparative Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702-1201. Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - December 1993 SP - 175 EP - 186 VL - 8 IS - 4 SN - 0887-2082, 0887-2082 KW - Mutagens KW - 0 KW - Quinolines KW - 2-amino-3-methylimidazo(4,5-f)quinoline KW - 30GL3D3T0G KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System KW - 9035-51-2 KW - Oxidoreductases KW - EC 1.- KW - methoxyresorufin-O-demethylase KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 KW - EC 1.14.14.1 KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Blotting, Western KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Enzyme Induction KW - Mice KW - Oxidoreductases -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Female KW - Mice, Inbred DBA KW - Quinolines -- toxicity KW - Liver -- enzymology KW - Mutagens -- toxicity KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76234130?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+biochemical+toxicology&rft.atitle=Specific+induction+of+hepatic+cytochrome+P4501a-2+in+C57BL%2F6+and+DBA%2F2+mice+treated+with+2-amino-3-methylimidazo%5B4%2C5-f%5Dquinoline+%28IQ%29.&rft.au=Nerurkar%2C+P+V%3BAnderson%2C+L+M%3BSnyderwine%2C+E+G%3BPark%2C+S+S%3BThorgeirsson%2C+S+S%3BRice%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Nerurkar&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=175&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+biochemical+toxicology&rft.issn=08872082&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-03-28 N1 - Date created - 1994-03-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cancer mortality among jewelry workers. AN - 76232783; 8311104 AB - Mortality was investigated for the years 1950-1980 for 1,009 male members of a New York jewelry workers union, and for the years 1984-1989 among 919 men and 605 women identified as jewelry workers on death certificates from 24 states. Malignant neoplasms were excessive for male union members (proportional mortality ratio [PMR] = 1.17; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02-1.33) and female jeweler deaths from the 24 states (PMR = 1.24; 95% CI: 1.07-1.42). Deaths due to nonmalignant causes were not unusual, except for excesses, in union males, of the circulatory system (PMR = 1.10; 95% CI: 1.02-1.19), including arteriosclerotic heart disease (PMR = 1.25; 95% CI: 1.14-1.37) and rheumatic heart disease (PMR = 3.02; 95% CI: 1.94-4.50). Cancers of the digestive tract were proportionally elevated among union males (proportional cancer mortality rate [PMR] = 1.13; 95% CI: 0.89-1.41) and among deaths from the 24 states (PCMR = 1.22; 95% CI: 1.01-1.47). For the 24 states, excesses for digestive cancer were found for both males (PCMR = 1.19; 95% CI: 0.90-1.54) and females (PCMR = 1.26; 95% CI: 0.96-1.62). Regarding specific sites in the digestive tract, colon cancer excesses were found in union males (PCMR = 1.53: 95% CI: 1.05-2.15), and for men (PCMR = 1.27; 95% CI: 0.82-1.88) and women (PCMR = 1.36; 95% CI: 0.92-3.27) in 24 states.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Hayes, R B AU - Dosemeci, M AU - Riscigno, M AU - Blair, A AD - Environmental Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892. Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - December 1993 SP - 743 EP - 751 VL - 24 IS - 6 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Metals KW - 0 KW - Solvents KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Cardiovascular Diseases -- mortality KW - Sex Factors KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Female KW - Proportional Hazards Models KW - Neoplasms -- mortality KW - Metallurgy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76232783?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Cancer+mortality+among+jewelry+workers.&rft.au=Hayes%2C+R+B%3BDosemeci%2C+M%3BRiscigno%2C+M%3BBlair%2C+A&rft.aulast=Hayes&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=743&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-03-15 N1 - Date created - 1994-03-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Drug users' self-reports of behaviors and affective states under the influence of alcohol. AN - 76223017; 8307666 AB - This study tested a modified version of the Alcohol-Related Behavior Questionnaire (ARBQ) to investigate the influence of alcohol on negative mood states. The ARBQ asked subjects (substance users and those not misusing drugs or alcohol) to recall various moods and behaviors under three drug conditions: sober, drinking, and drunk. Tests of the ARBQ subscales provided support for its reliability and validity. Scale scores measuring negative affect increased as levels of recalled alcohol intake increased, suggesting that larger amounts of alcohol produced more negative and aggressive feelings. Alcohol-dependent subjects reported more anger and aggression with increasing levels of alcohol intake than nonproblem drinkers. These data further indicated that, among those with alcohol dependence, a history of childhood aggression is an important predictor of negative behaviors and feelings associated with alcohol intake. Among other groups of drug users, a diagnosis of antisocial personality was relatively more important. JF - The International journal of the addictions AU - Fishbein, D H AU - Jaffe, J H AU - Synder, F R AU - Haertzen, C A AU - Hickey, J E AD - Addiction Research Center, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, Maryland 21224. Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - December 1993 SP - 1565 EP - 1585 VL - 28 IS - 14 SN - 0020-773X, 0020-773X KW - Psychotropic Drugs KW - 0 KW - Street Drugs KW - Index Medicus KW - Aggression -- drug effects KW - Hostility KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Depression -- psychology KW - Adult KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Personality Inventory KW - Personality Development KW - Antisocial Personality Disorder -- psychology KW - Male KW - Affect -- drug effects KW - Social Behavior KW - Alcohol Drinking -- adverse effects KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- psychology KW - Alcoholism -- psychology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76223017?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+International+journal+of+the+addictions&rft.atitle=Drug+users%27+self-reports+of+behaviors+and+affective+states+under+the+influence+of+alcohol.&rft.au=Fishbein%2C+D+H%3BJaffe%2C+J+H%3BSynder%2C+F+R%3BHaertzen%2C+C+A%3BHickey%2C+J+E&rft.aulast=Fishbein&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=14&rft.spage=1565&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+International+journal+of+the+addictions&rft.issn=0020773X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-03-15 N1 - Date created - 1994-03-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cancer among migrant and seasonal farmworkers: an epidemiologic review and research agenda. AN - 76222712; 8311105 AB - There are an estimated three million hired migrant and seasonal farmworkers in the United States. Adults and children may be exposed to mutagenic and potentially carcinogenic pesticides during planting, weeding, thinning, and harvesting crops. Field conditions that provide little opportunity to wash skin or clothing to minimize pesticide absorption may intensify exposure. Little is known, however, about the occurrence of cancer in migrant or seasonal farmworkers. Most cancer epidemiologic research on agricultural populations has focussed on farm owner/operators. The few studies that have evaluated cancer in farmworkers suggest that, like farm owner/operators, they may be experiencing excesses of multiple myeloma and cancers of the stomach, prostate, and testis. A few studies suggest that the farmworkers may differ from farmers by experiencing excesses of cancers of the buccal cavity and pharynx, lung, and liver. Cervical cancer was elevated in female farmworkers in one study. Descriptive data and etiologic research on cancer among farmworkers and family members are urgently needed. Feasibility evaluations, however, should precede etiologic investigations because of possible difficulties in studying this population of workers. Issues that need to be evaluated include assessing where and when farmworkers and family members are diagnosed and/or treated for malignancies, the ability of farmworkers to provide histories of crops, locations, and years worked and living conditions, the ability of agricultural experts to determine likely pesticide exposures based on such farmworkers' histories, the ability to obtain information on potential confounding factors, the ability to recontact or determine vital status of specific farmworkers over time, the suitability of conducting studies in home-base vs. upstream counties, and the ability to study agriculturally related malignancies in persons who have left farm work before the disease occurs. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Zahm, S H AU - Blair, A AD - Occupational Studies Section, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD. Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - December 1993 SP - 753 EP - 766 VL - 24 IS - 6 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Pesticides KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Risk KW - Sex Factors KW - Humans KW - Seasons KW - Cohort Studies KW - Adult KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Child KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Agricultural Workers' Diseases -- mortality KW - Neoplasms -- mortality KW - Agricultural Workers' Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Transients and Migrants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76222712?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Cancer+among+migrant+and+seasonal+farmworkers%3A+an+epidemiologic+review+and+research+agenda.&rft.au=Zahm%2C+S+H%3BBlair%2C+A&rft.aulast=Zahm&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=753&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-03-15 N1 - Date created - 1994-03-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prevention of sexually transmitted infections. Physical and chemical barrier methods. AN - 76221549; 8106732 AB - Barrier contraceptives, including mechanical methods, chemical methods, and combinations thereof, have the potential to decrease the spread of STDs, are inexpensive, and do not have any systemic effects. Currently, the concerns that the efficacy of latex condoms is limited because they are not consistently used, they can break, may cause allergies, and have a limited shelf-life has led to the development of condoms made of other materials such as polyurethane. Spermicides using nonoxynol-9 as their active ingredient have been shown to be effective in preventing the transmission of some STDs such as gonorrhea and chlamydia. In the absence of well-controlled studies of nonoxynol-9 efficacy against HIV, questions have been raised that some formulations, high doses, or frequent use may be associated with genital tract irritation, and possibly, enhancement of HIV transmission. Because heterosexual transmission will continue to be the major route of HIV transmission worldwide, the development and consistent use of a chemical or mechanical barrier during intercourse may be the best way to decrease the spread of HIV. JF - Infectious disease clinics of North America AU - Stratton, P AU - Alexander, N J AD - National Institute of Child Health and Human Development/Center for Population Research/Contraceptive Development Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland. Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - December 1993 SP - 841 EP - 859 VL - 7 IS - 4 SN - 0891-5520, 0891-5520 KW - Spermatocidal Agents KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Female KW - Condoms KW - Sexually Transmitted Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Contraceptive Devices, Female UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76221549?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infectious+disease+clinics+of+North+America&rft.atitle=Prevention+of+sexually+transmitted+infections.+Physical+and+chemical+barrier+methods.&rft.au=Stratton%2C+P%3BAlexander%2C+N+J&rft.aulast=Stratton&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=841&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infectious+disease+clinics+of+North+America&rft.issn=08915520&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-03-22 N1 - Date created - 1994-03-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Brain vessels near muscle autografts are sites for entry of isogeneic macrophages into brain. AN - 76164226; 7507059 AB - An autograft of skeletal muscle on rat dorsal medulla is a permanent opening in the blood-brain barrier to solutes. Is the graft also a site for the entry of exogenous, isogeneic leukocytes? Five weeks after inserting the graft, peritoneal macrophages (M phi) from inbred Fischer rats were activated by phorbol myristate acetate, labeled with a fluorescent dye, and infused as a bolus of about 2 x 10(6) cells into the axillary artery of Fischer hosts. The cells circulated for 2 h. The brains were then fixed, frozen, and sectioned. Only when M phi had been activated and a muscle autograft inserted did appreciable numbers of M phi enter the medulla. Nonactivated M phi invaded the grafts but very few entered the brain at 2 h. In rats with gel foam grafts, only a few activated M phi invaded gel and brain. Before entering tissues, M phi must adhere to the lumenal face of vessels. Cell adhesion molecules, e.g., I-CAM-1 and its ligand adhesion molecule, leukocyte function antigen (LFA-1), are known to mediate adhesion. I-CAM-1, detected immunohistochemically, increased in graft vessels and in nearby brain vessels. The rise may have been mediated by cytokines, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-beta, found in the grafts. LFA-1, however, assayed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting, was on both activated and nonactivated, exogenous M phi. Thus, M phi-endothelial attachment may have involved other adhesion molecules, e.g., selectins. The autograft also induced major histocompatibility complex class I on microglia and classes I and II on brain vessels near the graft. These vessels, by expressing adhesion molecules, are entry routes into brain for activated, isogeneic leukocytes that can then migrate for a limited distance of 1-2 mm in an otherwise intact brain. JF - Experimental neurology AU - Ishihara, S AU - Sawada, M AU - Chang, L AU - Kim, J M AU - Brightman, M AD - Laboratory of Neurobiology, NINDS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892. Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - December 1993 SP - 219 EP - 230 VL - 124 IS - 2 SN - 0014-4886, 0014-4886 KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal KW - 0 KW - Cell Adhesion Molecules KW - Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1 KW - Lymphotoxin-alpha KW - Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 KW - 126547-89-5 KW - Interferon-gamma KW - 82115-62-6 KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate KW - NI40JAQ945 KW - Index Medicus KW - Lymphotoxin-alpha -- metabolism KW - Cell Movement KW - Muscle, Smooth, Vascular -- physiology KW - Animals KW - Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1 -- analysis KW - Macrophage Activation KW - Lymphotoxin-alpha -- analysis KW - Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1 -- biosynthesis KW - Transplantation, Isogeneic KW - Cell Adhesion Molecules -- analysis KW - Capillaries -- physiology KW - Rats KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Cerebellum -- blood supply KW - Interferon-gamma -- metabolism KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate -- pharmacology KW - Neovascularization, Pathologic KW - Cell Adhesion Molecules -- biosynthesis KW - Immunohistochemistry KW - Interferon-gamma -- analysis KW - Male KW - Cell Adhesion KW - Macrophages, Peritoneal -- physiology KW - Macrophages, Peritoneal -- transplantation KW - Muscles -- transplantation KW - Medulla Oblongata -- blood supply KW - Cerebral Ventricles -- physiology KW - Transplantation, Autologous -- physiology KW - Macrophages, Peritoneal -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76164226?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Experimental+neurology&rft.atitle=Brain+vessels+near+muscle+autografts+are+sites+for+entry+of+isogeneic+macrophages+into+brain.&rft.au=Ishihara%2C+S%3BSawada%2C+M%3BChang%2C+L%3BKim%2C+J+M%3BBrightman%2C+M&rft.aulast=Ishihara&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=124&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=219&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Experimental+neurology&rft.issn=00144886&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-02-18 N1 - Date created - 1994-02-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of X irradiation on the function of rat salivary glands at 3 and 40 days. AN - 76152659; 8278581 AB - The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of different doses of X irradiation on the major rat salivary glands. The flow rates of the salivary glands were measured simultaneously in both parotid and submandibular glands of mature male Wistar rats at 3 and 40 days after head and neck irradiation with single doses of 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, or 15 Gy. The parotid and submandibular glands were weighed at the time of saliva collection and total body weight was obtained weekly. Significant reductions in parotid salivary flow at 3 days and parotid and submandibular flow at 40 days were found. Diminished saliva output was dose-dependent and significantly reduced at radiation exposures of 7.5 Gy and greater. Submandibular function deteriorated between 3 and 40 days and the extent of hypofunction was comparable to the parotid gland at the latter time. Parotid and submandibular gland weights were reduced by irradiation in a dose-dependent manner at both 3 and 40 days. The effects were similar for both glands at the latter time. Total body weight was also reduced by the head and neck irradiation in a dose-dependent manner. There was significant mortality in the group receiving 15 Gy irradiation between 7 and 14 days after irradiation. The results demonstrate that parotid and submandibular glands may be affected comparably by equal doses of head and neck irradiation when examined at later times. In the period immediately after irradiation, there are significant differences in the responses of the major salivary glands. JF - Radiation research AU - Nagler, R M AU - Baum, B J AU - Fox, P C AD - Clinical Investigations and Patient Care Branch, National Institute of Dental Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892. Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - December 1993 SP - 392 EP - 396 VL - 136 IS - 3 SN - 0033-7587, 0033-7587 KW - Index Medicus KW - Space life sciences KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - X-Rays KW - Body Weight -- radiation effects KW - Rats, Wistar KW - Organ Size -- radiation effects KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation KW - Time Factors KW - Male KW - Salivary Glands -- radiation effects KW - Salivary Glands -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76152659?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radiation+research&rft.atitle=Effects+of+X+irradiation+on+the+function+of+rat+salivary+glands+at+3+and+40+days.&rft.au=Nagler%2C+R+M%3BBaum%2C+B+J%3BFox%2C+P+C&rft.aulast=Nagler&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=136&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=392&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Radiation+research&rft.issn=00337587&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-02-10 N1 - Date created - 1994-02-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enzyme-kinetic and immunochemical characteristics of mouse cDNA-expressed, microsomal, and purified CYP1A1 and CYP1A2. AN - 76152572; 8274012 AB - Kinetics of benzo[alpha]pyrene hydroxylase (AHH), 7-methoxyresorufin o-demethylase (MROD), and 7-ethoxyresorufin o-deethylase (EROD) were estimated in microsomes of Hep G2 cells infected with a recombinant vaccinia virus bearing mouse CYP1A1 or CYP1A2 cDNAs. The kcat and Km values obtained were compared with those of liver microsomal and purified mouse CYP1A1 and CYP1A2. In the matter of AHH activity, the kcat CYP1A1/CYP1A2 ratios were 21.2, 12.3, and 1.5 for expressed, microsomal, and purified CYPs, respectively. As to MROD activity, the kcat CYP1A2/CYP1A1 ratio was 3.0 for both expressed and microsomal CYPs and was 8.0 for purified CYPs. As regards EROD activity, the kcat CYP1A2/CYP1A1 ratios were 1.0, 1.1, and 6.25 for expressed, microsomal, and purified CYPs, respectively. Whereas furafylline displayed an isozyme-specific inhibition of CYP1A2-catalyzing MROD and EROD activities, alpha-naphthoflavone was an equally strong inhibitor of AHH activity of the CYP1A1s and MROD activities of the CYP1A2s. Immunodepleted polyclonal anti-CYP1A1(-A2) and anti-CYP1A2(-A1) showed an isozyme-specific immunoblotting and inhibition of mouse CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 while monoclonal antibody (Mab) 1-7-1 displayed a striking difference between its immunoblotting and inhibitory effects. Western blot/densitometry analysis revealed a 4.8 times lower binding of Mab 1-7-1 to cDNA-expressed CYP1A2 than to CYP1A1. The results demonstrate the reliability of the vaccinia virus expression system for studies on the enzymology of mouse CYP1A1 and CYP1A2. JF - Archives of biochemistry and biophysics AU - Tsyrlov, I B AU - Goldfarb, I S AU - Gelboin, H V AD - Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892. Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - December 1993 SP - 259 EP - 266 VL - 307 IS - 2 SN - 0003-9861, 0003-9861 KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal KW - 0 KW - Benzoflavones KW - DNA, Complementary KW - Isoenzymes KW - Recombinant Proteins KW - alpha-naphthoflavone KW - 604-59-1 KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System KW - 9035-51-2 KW - Theophylline KW - C137DTR5RG KW - furafylline KW - C2087G0XX3 KW - Oxidoreductases KW - EC 1.- KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 KW - EC 1.14.14.1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Vaccinia virus -- genetics KW - Animals KW - DNA, Complementary -- genetics KW - Humans KW - Multigene Family KW - Mice KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal -- pharmacology KW - Cloning, Molecular KW - Theophylline -- analogs & derivatives KW - Theophylline -- pharmacology KW - Recombinant Proteins -- metabolism KW - Recombinant Proteins -- immunology KW - Cell Line KW - Benzoflavones -- pharmacology KW - Oxidoreductases -- immunology KW - Oxidoreductases -- genetics KW - Oxidoreductases -- metabolism KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System -- genetics KW - Microsomes, Liver -- enzymology KW - Isoenzymes -- immunology KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System -- immunology KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System -- metabolism KW - Isoenzymes -- genetics KW - Isoenzymes -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76152572?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+biochemistry+and+biophysics&rft.atitle=Enzyme-kinetic+and+immunochemical+characteristics+of+mouse+cDNA-expressed%2C+microsomal%2C+and+purified+CYP1A1+and+CYP1A2.&rft.au=Tsyrlov%2C+I+B%3BGoldfarb%2C+I+S%3BGelboin%2C+H+V&rft.aulast=Tsyrlov&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=307&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=259&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+biochemistry+and+biophysics&rft.issn=00039861&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-01-28 N1 - Date created - 1994-01-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Single calcium channels and acetylcholine release at a presynaptic nerve terminal. AN - 76148769; 8274272 AB - The relationship between calcium influx and the gating of transmitter release was examined at the release face of a cholinergic presynaptic nerve terminal using a technique that allows the simultaneous recording of both calcium channels at the single-channel level and quantal acetylcholine secretion. Acetylcholine release occurred during large inward calcium currents through many simultaneously open channels but was also gated by very small calcium transients, admitting less than 200 ions, when only one channel was open at a time. These findings provide functional support for a highly structured model of the transmitter release face in which the synaptic vesicle release mechanism is closely tethered to one or more presynaptic calcium channels and the opening of only one of these may be sufficient to trigger quantal secretion. JF - Neuron AU - Stanley, E F AD - National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke, Synaptic Mechanisms Section, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892. Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - December 1993 SP - 1007 EP - 1011 VL - 11 IS - 6 SN - 0896-6273, 0896-6273 KW - Barium Compounds KW - 0 KW - Calcium Channels KW - Chlorides KW - barium chloride KW - 0VK51DA1T2 KW - Tetrodotoxin KW - 4368-28-9 KW - Acetylcholine KW - N9YNS0M02X KW - Calcium KW - SY7Q814VUP KW - Index Medicus KW - Ion Channel Gating KW - Animals KW - Chickens KW - In Vitro Techniques KW - Membrane Potentials -- physiology KW - Models, Neurological KW - Electrophysiology KW - Tetrodotoxin -- pharmacology KW - Time Factors KW - Barium Compounds -- pharmacology KW - Chlorides -- pharmacology KW - Nerve Endings -- physiology KW - Calcium -- metabolism KW - Acetylcholine -- metabolism KW - Synapses -- physiology KW - Calcium Channels -- physiology KW - Ganglia, Parasympathetic -- physiology KW - Calcium Channels -- drug effects KW - Neurons -- physiology KW - Acetylcholine -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76148769?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neuron&rft.atitle=Single+calcium+channels+and+acetylcholine+release+at+a+presynaptic+nerve+terminal.&rft.au=Stanley%2C+E+F&rft.aulast=Stanley&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1007&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neuron&rft.issn=08966273&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-02-04 N1 - Date created - 1994-02-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Investigation of the role of G1/S cell cycle mediators in cellular senescence. AN - 76140045; 8262140 AB - Cellular senescence is a state of irreversible cell cycle arrest in which normal cells at the end of their lifespan fail to enter into DNA synthesis upon serum or growth factor stimulation. We examined whether proteins required for G1/S cell cycle progression were irreversibly down-regulated in senescent human fibroblasts. Both the 44- and 42-kDa forms of the MAP-kinase protein were expressed at similar levels in young and senescent cells. In contrast to young cells where both forms were phosphorylated on tyrosine in response to serum, the p42MAP-kinase was not tyrosine phosphorylated upon serum stimulation, whereas p44MAP-kinase was phosphorylated on tyrosine in serum-starved or serum-stimulated senescent cells. Examination of p53 protein in growing, quiescent, and senescent cells revealed no significant differences in levels between the different growth states. In contrast, cdk2 and cyclin A mRNAs were completely down-regulated in stimulated senescent fibroblasts, while the G1 cyclins, C, D1, and E mRNAs, were still expressed in stimulated senescent cells although at reduced levels compared to young cells. The expression of early G1 markers, but not late G1 markers, indicates that senescent cells may be blocked at a point in late G1. We investigated whether transfection of cyclin A, alone or in combination with cdc2, was sufficient for extension of lifespan or escape from senescence. Clones expressing the transfected human cyclin A or cdc2 genes senesced at a population doubling similar to controls, thereby showing that cyclin A or cdc2 expression alone was insufficient for escape from senescence. JF - Experimental cell research AU - Afshari, C A AU - Vojta, P J AU - Annab, L A AU - Futreal, P A AU - Willard, T B AU - Barrett, J C AD - Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709. Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - December 1993 SP - 231 EP - 237 VL - 209 IS - 2 SN - 0014-4827, 0014-4827 KW - Cyclins KW - 0 KW - DNA Primers KW - RNA, Messenger KW - Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 KW - Protein Kinases KW - EC 2.7.- KW - Protein-Tyrosine Kinases KW - EC 2.7.10.1 KW - Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases KW - EC 2.7.11.1 KW - CDC2-CDC28 Kinases KW - EC 2.7.11.22 KW - CDK2 protein, human KW - Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2 KW - Cyclin-Dependent Kinases KW - Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 KW - EC 2.7.11.24 KW - Index Medicus KW - Blotting, Northern KW - Humans KW - Gene Expression KW - RNA, Messenger -- genetics KW - Precipitin Tests KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Base Sequence KW - Blotting, Western KW - In Vitro Techniques KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Cell Line KW - Cyclins -- genetics KW - DNA Primers -- chemistry KW - Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases -- metabolism KW - Cell Aging KW - Protein Kinases -- genetics KW - Protein-Tyrosine Kinases -- metabolism KW - Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 -- metabolism KW - Cell Cycle UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76140045?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Experimental+cell+research&rft.atitle=Investigation+of+the+role+of+G1%2FS+cell+cycle+mediators+in+cellular+senescence.&rft.au=Afshari%2C+C+A%3BVojta%2C+P+J%3BAnnab%2C+L+A%3BFutreal%2C+P+A%3BWillard%2C+T+B%3BBarrett%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Afshari&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=209&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=231&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Experimental+cell+research&rft.issn=00144827&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-01-24 N1 - Date created - 1994-01-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Complete cDNA sequence and cDNA-directed expression of CYP4A11, a fatty acid omega-hydroxylase expressed in human kidney. AN - 76134429; 8274222 AB - A cDNA was isolated from a human kidney lambda gt10 library using the rat CYP4A3 cDNA as a probe. The cDNA-deduced amino acid sequence encoded a protein of 519 amino acids that was designated CYP4A11 (Nelson et al., 1993) and exhibited 76%, 72%, 80%, and 53% similarities to rat CYP4A1, rat CYP4A3, rabbit CYP4A6, and human CYP4B1, respectively. The deduced amino-terminal amino acid sequence of this cDNA agreed with the amino-terminal amino acid sequence of a major P450 protein purified from human renal microsomes. A second variant form of CYP4A11 cDNA, designated CYP4A11v, was isolated from the same library and had a deletion of a single adenine residue, thereby extending the reading frame and resulting in a protein of 591 amino acids. CYP4A11v is probably encoded by a rare allelic variant of CYP4A11, since no mutant alleles were uncovered in 15 normal individuals, as determined by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) diagnostic test. Baculovirus-mediated cDNA expression of CYP4A11 yielded a P450 protein having a lambda max of 452 nm when reduced and complexed with carbon monoxide. The expressed enzyme efficiently catalyzed omega-hydroxylation of lauric acid. No detectable activity was uncovered toward arachidonic acid and prostaglandin E1. The cDNA-expressed variant, CYP4A11v, was found to be unstable and not to efficiently metabolize lauric acid, as assessed by both baculovirus and monkey kidney COS cell cDNA expression systems. These studies indicate that CYP4A11 is a major fatty acid-metabolizing P450 that is expressed in human kidney. JF - DNA and cell biology AU - Imaoka, S AU - Ogawa, H AU - Kimura, S AU - Gonzalez, F J AD - Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892. Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - December 1993 SP - 893 EP - 899 VL - 12 IS - 10 SN - 1044-5498, 1044-5498 KW - CYP4A11 KW - DNA, Complementary KW - 0 KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System KW - 9035-51-2 KW - Mixed Function Oxygenases KW - EC 1.- KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP4A KW - EC 1.14.15.3 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Base Sequence KW - Spectrum Analysis KW - Humans KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Cloning, Molecular KW - Catalysis KW - Mixed Function Oxygenases -- metabolism KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System -- genetics KW - Kidney -- enzymology KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System -- metabolism KW - Mixed Function Oxygenases -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76134429?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=DNA+and+cell+biology&rft.atitle=Complete+cDNA+sequence+and+cDNA-directed+expression+of+CYP4A11%2C+a+fatty+acid+omega-hydroxylase+expressed+in+human+kidney.&rft.au=Imaoka%2C+S%3BOgawa%2C+H%3BKimura%2C+S%3BGonzalez%2C+F+J&rft.aulast=Imaoka&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=893&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=DNA+and+cell+biology&rft.issn=10445498&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-02-08 N1 - Date created - 1994-02-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Gene symbol - CYP4A11 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Recombinant interleukin-6 activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in humans. AN - 76128574; 8263159 AB - The inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1 alpha and -beta (IL-1 alpha and -beta), and IL-6 can activate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and IL-1 have been tested in both experimental animals and humans, but their administration has been limited by significant toxicity, mainly severe hypotension. IL-6, on the other hand, has demonstrated modest toxicity in animals. We evaluated the ability of recombinant IL-6 to stimulate the human HPA axis in patients with cancer and a good performance status, who received daily morning sc injections of 30 micrograms/kg IL-6 for 7 consecutive days, during the course of a phase I trial. IL-6 caused impressively marked and prolonged elevations of plasma ACTH and cortisol on the first day and blunted ACTH responses on the seventh day of treatment, perhaps as a result of increased baseline cortisol levels. The overall cortisol response, however, on the seventh day was of similar magnitude, suggesting that a new equilibrium in the feedback regulation of the HPA axis occurs with chronic IL-6 administration. The toxic effects of IL-6 were modest, suggesting that it might be useful for clinical testing of the HPA axis, as an alternative to the insulin tolerance test. JF - The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism AU - Mastorakos, G AU - Chrousos, G P AU - Weber, J S AD - Developmental Endocrinology Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892. Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - December 1993 SP - 1690 EP - 1694 VL - 77 IS - 6 SN - 0021-972X, 0021-972X KW - Interleukin-6 KW - 0 KW - Recombinant Proteins KW - Adrenocorticotropic Hormone KW - 9002-60-2 KW - Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone KW - 9015-71-8 KW - Hydrocortisone KW - WI4X0X7BPJ KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone -- blood KW - Recombinant Proteins -- pharmacology KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone -- pharmacology KW - Male KW - Hydrocortisone -- blood KW - Female KW - Adrenocorticotropic Hormone -- blood KW - Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System -- drug effects KW - Interleukin-6 -- pharmacology KW - Pituitary-Adrenal System -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76128574?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+clinical+endocrinology+and+metabolism&rft.atitle=Recombinant+interleukin-6+activates+the+hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal+axis+in+humans.&rft.au=Mastorakos%2C+G%3BChrousos%2C+G+P%3BWeber%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Mastorakos&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1690&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+clinical+endocrinology+and+metabolism&rft.issn=0021972X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-01-24 N1 - Date created - 1994-01-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitor tolcapone prolongs levodopa/carbidopa action in parkinsonian patients. AN - 76124881; 8255478 AB - The wearing-off phenomenon frequently complicates levodopa therapy of Parkinson's disease (PD). These response fluctuations appear when intrasynaptic dopamine concentrations begin to reflect the swings in levodopa availability that attend standard dosing regimens. Drugs that prolong the biologic half-life of levodopa and dopamine should thus prove beneficial. We administered levodopa/carbidopa in combination with single oral doses of tolcapone (Ro 40-7592), an inhibitor of catechol-O-methyltransferase, under controlled conditions to 10 PD patients with the wearing-off phenomenon. Tolcapone prolonged the antiparkinson response to levodopa/carbidopa by about 67% at several doses ranging from 50 to 400 mg (p < 0.05). There was no significant change in the peak levodopa effect on parkinsonian signs or in the severity of dyskinesias. No dose-limiting adverse effects occurred. Multiple daily dosing with tolcapone would thus be expected to safely reduce the wearing-off phenomenon associated with levodopa/carbidopa therapy. JF - Neurology AU - Roberts, J W AU - Cora-Locatelli, G AU - Bravi, D AU - Amantea, M A AU - Mouradian, M M AU - Chase, T N AD - Experimental Therapeutics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892. Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - December 1993 SP - 2685 EP - 2688 VL - 43 IS - 12 SN - 0028-3878, 0028-3878 KW - Benzophenones KW - 0 KW - Catechol O-Methyltransferase Inhibitors KW - Nitrophenols KW - Placebos KW - Levodopa KW - 46627O600J KW - tolcapone KW - CIF6334OLY KW - Carbidopa KW - MNX7R8C5VO KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Drug Synergism KW - Adolescent KW - Parkinson Disease, Secondary -- physiopathology KW - Parkinson Disease, Secondary -- metabolism KW - Benzophenones -- adverse effects KW - Levodopa -- pharmacokinetics KW - Levodopa -- therapeutic use KW - Carbidopa -- therapeutic use KW - Benzophenones -- therapeutic use KW - Parkinson Disease, Secondary -- drug therapy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76124881?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurology&rft.atitle=Catechol-O-methyltransferase+inhibitor+tolcapone+prolongs+levodopa%2Fcarbidopa+action+in+parkinsonian+patients.&rft.au=Roberts%2C+J+W%3BCora-Locatelli%2C+G%3BBravi%2C+D%3BAmantea%2C+M+A%3BMouradian%2C+M+M%3BChase%2C+T+N&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=2685&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurology&rft.issn=00283878&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-01-13 N1 - Date created - 1994-01-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Metabolism of the food-derived mutagen/carcinogen 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) in nonhuman primates. AN - 76123516; 8269621 AB - Metabolism of the food-derived heterocyclic amine mutagen/carcinogen 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) was examined in cynomolgus monkeys. [3H]PhIP (50 mumol/kg, p.o.) was extensively metabolized, with only 1% of the dose excreted into the urine as parent compound. Four metabolites were isolated by HPLC and identified: PhIP-4'-O-glucuronide, PhIP-4'-sulfate, 4'-hydroxy-PhIP and a glucuronide conjugate of N-hydroxy-PhIP. All four metabolites were detected in urine, bile and plasma of monkeys. 4'-Hydroxy-PhIP and PhIP were found in feces. The major PhIP metabolite in urine, bile and plasma was PhIP-4'-sulfate. In urine this metabolite constituted approximately 64-72% of the radioactivity excreted. The clearance of PhIP and PhIP metabolites from plasma was rapid, with the largest elimination occurring within 8 h. Administration of nine consecutive daily doses of unlabeled PhIP (50 mumol/kg, p.o.) prior to administration of [3H]PhIP (50 mumol/kg, p.o.) did not alter the plasma clearance of radiolabeled PhIP or PhIP metabolites, suggesting that this multiple-dose regimen did not induce or alter PhIP metabolism. PhIP formed DNA adducts in white blood cells, as determined by the 32P-postlabeling method. The levels of PhIP-DNA adducts in blood appeared to peak 3 h after administering a single dose of PhIP (50 mumol/kg, p.o.) and were still detected 1 week after dosing. The presence of the glucuronide conjugate of N-hydroxy-PhIP in urine, bile and plasma, and the presence of PhIP-DNA adducts in white blood cells indicate that PhIP undergoes metabolic activation via N-hydroxylation in cynomolgus monkeys. The results suggest that PhIP is activated in vivo to genotoxic metabolites in nonhuman primates and thus is a potential carcinogen in this species. JF - Carcinogenesis AU - Snyderwine, E G AU - Buonarati, M H AU - Felton, J S AU - Turteltaub, K W AD - Laboratory of Experimental Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892. Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - December 1993 SP - 2517 EP - 2522 VL - 14 IS - 12 SN - 0143-3334, 0143-3334 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Imidazoles KW - Mutagens KW - 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo(4,5-b)pyridine KW - 909C6UN66T KW - Index Medicus KW - Body Fluids KW - Animals KW - Macaca fascicularis KW - Food KW - Feces KW - Male KW - Female KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Carcinogens -- metabolism KW - Mutagens -- metabolism KW - Imidazoles -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76123516?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Carcinogenesis&rft.atitle=Metabolism+of+the+food-derived+mutagen%2Fcarcinogen+2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo%5B4%2C5-b%5Dpyridine+%28PhIP%29+in+nonhuman+primates.&rft.au=Snyderwine%2C+E+G%3BBuonarati%2C+M+H%3BFelton%2C+J+S%3BTurteltaub%2C+K+W&rft.aulast=Snyderwine&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=2517&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Carcinogenesis&rft.issn=01433334&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-02-03 N1 - Date created - 1994-02-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Human T lymphocytes synthesize the 92 kDa type IV collagenase (gelatinase B). AN - 76116921; 8253876 AB - In order for T cells to exit the circulatory system, traverse the endothelial basement membrane, and arrive in target tissues, these cells must attach to and degrade basement membrane proteins. 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) has been shown to stimulate lymphoid cell adhesion to basement membrane components. We have used TPA to study the ability of human lymphoid cells to secrete type IV collagenases, enzymes capable of degrading basement membrane proteins. Here, we found that human primary T cells and H-9 lymphoid cells synthesize the 92 kDa type IV collagenase (gelatinase B) and TPA stimulates the synthesis and secretion of this protease. Peak TPA-stimulated gelatinase B secretion and mRNA accumulation were observed 9 hours after TPA treatment, while the peak adhesion to type IV collagen was observed only 3 hours after TPA treatment. The protein kinase C inhibitor, H-7, inhibited TPA-stimulated gelatinase B secretion. Both the primary T cells and H-9 lymphoid cells also expressed the mRNA for the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1). These data demonstrate that TPA-stimulated lymphoid cells adhere to type IV collagen and subsequently synthesize and secrete gelatinase B and TIMP-1. We conclude that lymphoid cell extravasation may involve cellular employment of adhesion mechanisms prior to degradation of the matrix, which is similar to the process of extravasation used by metastatic cells. JF - Journal of cellular physiology AU - Weeks, B S AU - Schnaper, H W AU - Handy, M AU - Holloway, E AU - Kleinman, H K AD - Laboratory of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Dental Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892. Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - December 1993 SP - 644 EP - 649 VL - 157 IS - 3 SN - 0021-9541, 0021-9541 KW - Glycoproteins KW - 0 KW - Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors KW - Neoplasm Proteins KW - Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases KW - Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 KW - 127497-59-0 KW - Collagen KW - 9007-34-5 KW - Collagenases KW - EC 3.4.24.- KW - Gelatinases KW - Metalloendopeptidases KW - Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 KW - EC 3.4.24.24 KW - Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 KW - EC 3.4.24.35 KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate KW - NI40JAQ945 KW - Index Medicus KW - Neoplasm Proteins -- biosynthesis KW - Animals KW - Blotting, Northern KW - Glycoproteins -- biosynthesis KW - Collagen -- metabolism KW - Humans KW - Mice KW - Gelatinases -- biosynthesis KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate -- pharmacology KW - Metalloendopeptidases -- biosynthesis KW - Cell Adhesion KW - T-Lymphocytes -- cytology KW - Collagenases -- secretion KW - Collagenases -- biosynthesis KW - T-Lymphocytes -- secretion KW - T-Lymphocytes -- enzymology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76116921?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+cellular+physiology&rft.atitle=Human+T+lymphocytes+synthesize+the+92+kDa+type+IV+collagenase+%28gelatinase+B%29.&rft.au=Weeks%2C+B+S%3BSchnaper%2C+H+W%3BHandy%2C+M%3BHolloway%2C+E%3BKleinman%2C+H+K&rft.aulast=Weeks&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=157&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=644&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+cellular+physiology&rft.issn=00219541&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-01-13 N1 - Date created - 1994-01-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tolerance to the behavioral effects of chlordiazepoxide: pharmacological and biochemical selectivity. AN - 76116790; 8263795 AB - There is a dynamic interaction between a drug's pharmacological effects and the behavioral context in which it is administered. The present study evaluated the influence of behavioral processes on the development of tolerance and cross-tolerance to the rate-decreasing effects of chlordiazepoxide in rats. Sprague-Dawley rats responded under a fixed-ratio 30 schedule of food delivery. Different groups of rats received 18 mg/kg/day of chlordiazepoxide either before (PRE, n = 8) or after (POST, n = 10) daily experimental sessions for 8 weeks. Cumulative dose-response curves for chlordiazepoxide were obtained before and during chronic chlordiazepoxide administration and during chronic saline administration. Cumulative dose-response curves for midazolam, FG 7142 (N-methyl-beta-carboline-3-carboxamide) flumazenil, pentobarbital, caffeine, morphine and d-amphetamine were determined before, during and 4.5 to 5 months after chronic chlordiazepoxide administration. Group PRE developed tolerance to chlordiazepoxide, whereas group POST did not develop tolerance. Although cross-tolerance developed to midazolam in both groups, it was greater in group PRE. Both groups showed comparable sensitization to FG7142 and neither group showed a significant change in sensitivity to any of the other drugs. Biochemical studies of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-related functioning in groups of rats that received chronic chlordiazepoxide administration either before (BIO-PRE, n = 6) or after (BIO-POST, n = 6) daily sessions found that GABA-stimulated 36Cl-uptake increased in both cortical and cerebellar preparations. However, GABA sensitivity in cerebellar tissue was significantly lower in group BIO-PRE compared with group BIO-POST. Thus, behavioral tolerance to chlordiazepoxide was associated with both pharmacological and biochemical effects, which suggests a relationship between behavioral tolerance to benzodiazepines and changes in the functional state of the GABA-benzodiazepine receptor complex. JF - The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics AU - Sannerud, C A AU - Marley, R J AU - Serdikoff, S L AU - Alastra, A J AU - Cohen, C AU - Goldberg, S R AD - Behavioral Pharmacology and Genetics Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, Maryland. Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - December 1993 SP - 1311 EP - 1320 VL - 267 IS - 3 SN - 0022-3565, 0022-3565 KW - Carbolines KW - 0 KW - Chlorides KW - Radioisotopes KW - Receptors, GABA-A KW - Caffeine KW - 3G6A5W338E KW - Flumazenil KW - 40P7XK9392 KW - Chlorine KW - 4R7X1O2820 KW - gamma-Aminobutyric Acid KW - 56-12-2 KW - FG 7142 KW - 60PO70N1BP KW - Chlordiazepoxide KW - 6RZ6XEZ3CR KW - Morphine KW - 76I7G6D29C KW - Amphetamine KW - CK833KGX7E KW - Pentobarbital KW - I4744080IR KW - Midazolam KW - R60L0SM5BC KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - gamma-Aminobutyric Acid -- pharmacology KW - Caffeine -- pharmacology KW - Midazolam -- pharmacology KW - Chlorides -- pharmacokinetics KW - Flumazenil -- pharmacology KW - Pentobarbital -- pharmacology KW - Morphine -- pharmacology KW - Stimulation, Chemical KW - Rats KW - Drug Tolerance KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Receptors, GABA-A -- metabolism KW - Carbolines -- pharmacology KW - Amphetamine -- pharmacology KW - Chlorine -- pharmacokinetics KW - Male KW - Behavior, Animal -- drug effects KW - Chlordiazepoxide -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76116790?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+pharmacology+and+experimental+therapeutics&rft.atitle=Tolerance+to+the+behavioral+effects+of+chlordiazepoxide%3A+pharmacological+and+biochemical+selectivity.&rft.au=Sannerud%2C+C+A%3BMarley%2C+R+J%3BSerdikoff%2C+S+L%3BAlastra%2C+A+J%3BCohen%2C+C%3BGoldberg%2C+S+R&rft.aulast=Sannerud&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=267&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1311&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+pharmacology+and+experimental+therapeutics&rft.issn=00223565&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-01-27 N1 - Date created - 1994-01-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of verapamil on morphine-induced euphoria, analgesia and respiratory depression in humans. AN - 76115781; 8263800 AB - Organic calcium (Ca++) channel antagonists enhance opiate-induced analgesia and antagonize respiratory depression produced by morphine in rodents. Our preliminary data indicated that verapamil reduces the subjective effects of morphine in humans. We therefore assessed morphine-verapamil interactions in 12 experienced, male polydrug users with histories of heroin abuse by using a double-blind, cross-over study design. Treatments consisted of two drug infusions. Either verapamil, 2.5 or 10 mg, or saline was infused, 30 ml i.v. over 2 min; half way through this infusion either 10 mg of morphine or saline was infused, 3 ml i.v. over 10 sec, via a second catheter. Autonomic parameters, responsiveness to pain and subjective self-reports of mood and feeling state were measured over 4 hr. Analgesia was measured using a finger pressure test and hand immersion in ice water. Respiration was measured by using respiratory inductive plethysmography and transcutaneous CO2 levels. The Addiction Research Center Inventory (ARCI) was used to measure the subjective effects. Morphine had a liminal effect on pain threshold, but verapamil potentiated this effect to elevate pain threshold significantly. Verapamil did not affect the ability of morphine to increase pain endurance or to produce respiratory depression. Morphine produced positive affective responses, as demonstrated by elevated scores on the Morphine-Benzedrine Group subscale of the ARCI. Verapamil alone produced no effects on any ARCI subscales; however, 10 mg of verapamil significantly reduced morphine-elevated MBG scores over a 3-hr period. The results suggest the euphorigenic and analgesic effects of opioids may be differentiated by using Ca++ channel blockers. JF - The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics AU - Vaupel, D B AU - Lange, W R AU - London, E D AD - Neuroimaging and Drug Action Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland. Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - December 1993 SP - 1386 EP - 1394 VL - 267 IS - 3 SN - 0022-3565, 0022-3565 KW - Morphine KW - 76I7G6D29C KW - Verapamil KW - CJ0O37KU29 KW - Index Medicus KW - Analgesia KW - Pupil -- drug effects KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Cardiovascular System -- drug effects KW - Drug Synergism KW - Male KW - Euphoria -- drug effects KW - Morphine -- adverse effects KW - Verapamil -- pharmacology KW - Respiration Disorders -- drug therapy KW - Respiration Disorders -- chemically induced KW - Morphine -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76115781?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+pharmacology+and+experimental+therapeutics&rft.atitle=Effects+of+verapamil+on+morphine-induced+euphoria%2C+analgesia+and+respiratory+depression+in+humans.&rft.au=Vaupel%2C+D+B%3BLange%2C+W+R%3BLondon%2C+E+D&rft.aulast=Vaupel&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=267&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1386&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+pharmacology+and+experimental+therapeutics&rft.issn=00223565&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-01-27 N1 - Date created - 1994-01-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of previous exposure to levodopa on the interaction between dizocilpine and dopamine D1 and D2 agonists in rats with 6-hydroxydopamine-induced lesions. AN - 76113726; 7903390 AB - The potential antiparkinson activity of N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonists was investigated by examining the effects of dizocilpine (MK-801) on rats with 6-hydroxydopamine-induced lesions of the nigrostriatal pathway. MK-801, when administered alone to these animals, elicited ipsilateral rotation, which could be blocked by haloperidol. MK-801, at doses that did not produce rotation when given alone, inhibited the contralateral rotation produced by the D2 receptor agonist quinpirole but had no effect on the rotation induced by the D1 agonist SKF 38393 [(+-)-1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-(1H)-3-benzazepine-7,8- diolhydrochloride]. However, exposure to levodopa 3 days previously resulted in a subsensitive rotational response to SKF 38393 and this subsensitivity to the D1 agonist was reversed by MK-801. The subsensitive rotational response to SKF 38393 was not evident 7 days after exposure to levodopa and MK-801 had no effect on the response to SKF 38393 at this time. These data suggest that N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor blockade can exert differential effects on dopamine agonist-induced rotational behavior that depend on which dopamine receptor subtype is activated and the previous exposure of the animal to dopamine agonists. JF - The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics AU - Boldry, R C AU - Chase, T N AU - Engber, T M AD - Experimental Therapeutics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland. Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - December 1993 SP - 1454 EP - 1459 VL - 267 IS - 3 SN - 0022-3565, 0022-3565 KW - Dopamine Agents KW - 0 KW - Receptors, Dopamine D1 KW - Receptors, Dopamine D2 KW - Levodopa KW - 46627O600J KW - N-Methylaspartate KW - 6384-92-5 KW - 2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepine KW - 67287-49-4 KW - Dizocilpine Maleate KW - 6LR8C1B66Q KW - Oxidopamine KW - 8HW4YBZ748 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Behavior, Animal -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Drug Interactions KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - N-Methylaspartate -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Motor Activity -- drug effects KW - 2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepine -- pharmacology KW - Parkinson Disease -- drug therapy KW - Male KW - Levodopa -- pharmacology KW - Receptors, Dopamine D1 -- physiology KW - Dopamine Agents -- pharmacology KW - Brain Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Receptors, Dopamine D2 -- drug effects KW - Receptors, Dopamine D1 -- drug effects KW - Receptors, Dopamine D2 -- physiology KW - Brain Diseases -- physiopathology KW - Dizocilpine Maleate -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76113726?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+pharmacology+and+experimental+therapeutics&rft.atitle=Influence+of+previous+exposure+to+levodopa+on+the+interaction+between+dizocilpine+and+dopamine+D1+and+D2+agonists+in+rats+with+6-hydroxydopamine-induced+lesions.&rft.au=Boldry%2C+R+C%3BChase%2C+T+N%3BEngber%2C+T+M&rft.aulast=Boldry&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=267&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1454&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+pharmacology+and+experimental+therapeutics&rft.issn=00223565&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-01-27 N1 - Date created - 1994-01-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risk factors for cancers of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses among white men in the United States. AN - 76112691; 8256781 AB - A case-control analysis of cancer of the nasal cavity and sinuses was performed using data from the 1986 National Mortality Followback Survey. Data on cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, usual diet, and other factors from 147 white men who died from nasal cancer and from 449 controls who died from other causes were compared. Cigarette smoking was related to an increased risk of nasal cancer, with a doubling of risk among heavy or long-term smokers and a reduction in risk among long-term quitters. Among nonsmokers, having a spouse who smoked was associated with a significantly elevated risk of nasal cancer. After adjustment for smoking, a significant dose-response relation was also noted between alcohol drinking and risk of nasal cancer. High consumption of salted/smoked foods was associated with elevated risk, and risk tended to decrease with increasing intake of vegetables. Associations were more pronounced for cigarette smoking and certain dietary items when the analysis was restricted to maxillary sinus cancer. The study confirms that cigarette smoking is a risk factor for nasal cancer, and provides further evidence that dietary factors may play a role in the etiology of this malignancy. JF - American journal of epidemiology AU - Zheng, W AU - McLaughlin, J K AU - Chow, W H AU - Chien, H T AU - Blot, W J AD - National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Etiology, Bethesda, MD. Y1 - 1993/12/01/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Dec 01 SP - 965 EP - 972 VL - 138 IS - 11 SN - 0002-9262, 0002-9262 KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Odds Ratio KW - Sex Factors KW - Humans KW - Alcohol Drinking -- adverse effects KW - Smoking -- adverse effects KW - Aged KW - Alcohol Drinking -- epidemiology KW - Smoking -- epidemiology KW - Diet -- adverse effects KW - Logistic Models KW - Risk Factors KW - Health Surveys KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution -- adverse effects KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Middle Aged KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms -- etiology KW - Nose Neoplasms -- etiology KW - Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms -- mortality KW - Nose Neoplasms -- mortality KW - European Continental Ancestry Group -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76112691?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+epidemiology&rft.atitle=Risk+factors+for+cancers+of+the+nasal+cavity+and+paranasal+sinuses+among+white+men+in+the+United+States.&rft.au=Zheng%2C+W%3BMcLaughlin%2C+J+K%3BChow%2C+W+H%3BChien%2C+H+T%3BBlot%2C+W+J&rft.aulast=Zheng&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=138&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=965&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+epidemiology&rft.issn=00029262&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-01-13 N1 - Date created - 1994-01-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - p53 mutations in lung cancers from non-smoking atomic-bomb survivors. AN - 76112564; 7902903 AB - Tobacco smoke contains many carcinogens and has been linked with the development of lung cancer. We sequenced the conserved regions of the p53 tumour suppressor gene in lung cancers from 17 non-smokers from Hiroshima, Japan; 9 were atomic-bomb survivors. The mutations were predominantly transitions (all G:C to A:T); there were no G:C to T:A transversions. By contrast, lung cancers from 77 Japanese smokers have a predominance of G:C to T:A transversions in which the guanine residues occur on the non-transcribed DNA strand. These findings further implicate tobacco smoke carcinogens in the molecular pathogenesis of lung cancer. JF - Lancet (London, England) AU - Takeshima, Y AU - Seyama, T AU - Bennett, W P AU - Akiyama, M AU - Tokuoka, S AU - Inai, K AU - Mabuchi, K AU - Land, C E AU - Harris, C C AD - National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland. PY - 1993 SP - 1520 EP - 1521 VL - 342 IS - 8886-8887 SN - 0140-6736, 0140-6736 KW - genes, p53 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Smoking KW - Humans KW - DNA Mutational Analysis KW - Adult KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Japan KW - Genes, p53 KW - Nuclear Warfare KW - Lung Neoplasms -- genetics KW - Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced -- genetics KW - Mutation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76112564?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lancet+%28London%2C+England%29&rft.atitle=p53+mutations+in+lung+cancers+from+non-smoking+atomic-bomb+survivors.&rft.au=Takeshima%2C+Y%3BSeyama%2C+T%3BBennett%2C+W+P%3BAkiyama%2C+M%3BTokuoka%2C+S%3BInai%2C+K%3BMabuchi%2C+K%3BLand%2C+C+E%3BHarris%2C+C+C&rft.aulast=Takeshima&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=342&rft.issue=8886-8887&rft.spage=1520&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Lancet+%28London%2C+England%29&rft.issn=01406736&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-01-12 N1 - Date created - 1994-01-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Gene symbol - genes, p53 N1 - SuppNotes - Erratum In: Lancet 1994 May 21;343(8908):1302 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cytotoxic studies of paclitaxel (Taxol) in human tumour cell lines. AN - 76111931; 7903152 AB - The cytotoxicity of paclitaxel against eight human tumour cell lines has been studied with in vitro clonogenic assays. The fraction of surviving cells fell sharply after exposure for 24 h to paclitaxel concentrations ranging from 2 to 20 nM; the paclitaxel IC50 was found to range between 2.5 and 7.5 nM. Increasing the paclitaxel concentration above 50 nM, however, resulted in no additional cytotoxicity after a 24 h drug exposure. Cells incubated in very high concentrations of paclitaxel (10,000 nM) had an increase in survival compared with cells treated with lower concentrations of the drug. Prolonging the time of exposure of cells to paclitaxel from 24 to 72 h increased cytotoxicity from 5 to 200 fold in different cell lines. Exponentially growing cells were more sensitive to paclitaxel than were cells in the plateau phase of growth. Cremophor EL, the diluent in which the clinical preparation of paclitaxel is formulated, antagonised paclitaxel at concentrations of 0.135% (v/v). These data suggest that paclitaxel will be most effective clinically when there is prolonged exposure of tumour to the drug. Further, it appears that modest concentrations (i.e., 50 nM) should be as effective as higher concentrations of paclitaxel. Finally, we have noted that Cremophor EL is a biologically active diluent and, at high concentrations (0.135% v/v), can antagonise paclitaxel cytotoxicity. JF - British journal of cancer AU - Liebmann, J E AU - Cook, J A AU - Lipschultz, C AU - Teague, D AU - Fisher, J AU - Mitchell, J B AD - Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892. Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - December 1993 SP - 1104 EP - 1109 VL - 68 IS - 6 SN - 0007-0920, 0007-0920 KW - cremophor EL KW - 6D4M1DAL6O KW - Paclitaxel KW - P88XT4IS4D KW - Glycerol KW - PDC6A3C0OX KW - Index Medicus KW - Ovarian Neoplasms -- metabolism KW - Adenocarcinoma -- metabolism KW - Pancreatic Neoplasms -- metabolism KW - HeLa Cells -- drug effects KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Astrocytoma -- metabolism KW - Breast Neoplasms -- metabolism KW - Cell Survival -- drug effects KW - Uterine Cervical Neoplasms -- metabolism KW - Glycerol -- analogs & derivatives KW - Colonic Neoplasms -- metabolism KW - Female KW - Glycerol -- pharmacology KW - Lung Neoplasms -- metabolism KW - Paclitaxel -- administration & dosage KW - Paclitaxel -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Paclitaxel -- toxicity KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76111931?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=British+journal+of+cancer&rft.atitle=Cytotoxic+studies+of+paclitaxel+%28Taxol%29+in+human+tumour+cell+lines.&rft.au=Liebmann%2C+J+E%3BCook%2C+J+A%3BLipschultz%2C+C%3BTeague%2C+D%3BFisher%2C+J%3BMitchell%2C+J+B&rft.aulast=Liebmann&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1104&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=British+journal+of+cancer&rft.issn=00070920&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-01-21 N1 - Date created - 1994-01-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Nature. 1979 Feb 22;277(5698):665-7 [423966] Cancer Res. 1993 May 1;53(9):2066-70 [8097674] Cancer Res. 1981 Jun;41(6):2328-33 [7237431] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1981 Aug;67(2):437-43 [6943380] Pharmacol Ther. 1984;25(1):83-125 [6149569] Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 1986;17(2):137-42 [2872974] Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1986;466:733-44 [2873780] Cancer Res. 1987 Feb 15;47(4):936-42 [3802100] Cancer Res. 1988 Jul 15;48(14):4093-100 [2898289] Cancer Res. 1989 Aug 15;49(16):4640-7 [2568175] Anal Biochem. 1989 May 15;179(1):1-7 [2667390] Ann Intern Med. 1989 Aug 15;111(4):273-9 [2569287] Cancer Res. 1990 Jul 15;50(14):4199-203 [2364376] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1990 Aug 1;82(15):1247-59 [1973737] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1991 Dec 18;83(24):1797-805 [1683908] Anticancer Res. 1991 Jul-Aug;11(4):1517-21 [1746908] J Clin Oncol. 1992 Sep;10(9):1485-91 [1355523] Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1992 Aug 31;187(1):164-70 [1381586] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Mar;77(3):1561-5 [6103535] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Motor response complications and the function of striatal efferent systems. AN - 76111344; 8264907 AB - Motor response complications eventually appear in most patients with advanced Parkinson's disease being treated with levodopa. The interval between onset of parkinsonism and emergence of these adverse events appears independent of the dose or the duration of therapy. Current evidence suggests that "wearing-off" fluctuations largely reflect the loss of normally functioning dopaminergic terminals, although postsynaptic alterations contribute somewhat to the underlying decline in the duration of levodopa's antiparkinsonian action. "On-off" fluctuations and peak-dose dyskinesias, on the other hand, appear to arise mainly as a consequence of postjunctional alterations that follow exposure to nonphysiologic intrasynaptic dopamine fluctuations in patients who have lost the buffering afforded by dopaminergic terminals. Studies in rats with 6-hydroxydopamine lesions indicate that striking functional alterations occur in striatal dopaminoceptive systems as a result of dopaminergic denervation and that levodopa replacement, particularly when given intermittently, fails to normalize these changes. To the extent that similar alterations contribute to the appearance of motor complications, the successful symptomatic therapy of Parkinson's disease may require continuous dopaminergic stimulation, as well as direct pharmacologic targeting of striatal dopaminoceptive systems. JF - Neurology AU - Chase, T N AU - Mouradian, M M AU - Engber, T M AD - Experimental Therapeutics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892. Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - December 1993 SP - S23 EP - S27 VL - 43 IS - 12 Suppl 6 SN - 0028-3878, 0028-3878 KW - Levodopa KW - 46627O600J KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Levodopa -- therapeutic use KW - Levodopa -- adverse effects KW - Corpus Striatum -- physiopathology KW - Corpus Striatum -- drug effects KW - Parkinson Disease -- physiopathology KW - Neurons, Efferent -- physiology KW - Muscles -- physiopathology KW - Parkinson Disease -- drug therapy KW - Neurons, Efferent -- drug effects KW - Muscles -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76111344?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurology&rft.atitle=Motor+response+complications+and+the+function+of+striatal+efferent+systems.&rft.au=Chase%2C+T+N%3BMouradian%2C+M+M%3BEngber%2C+T+M&rft.aulast=Chase&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=12+Suppl+6&rft.spage=S23&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurology&rft.issn=00283878&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-01-26 N1 - Date created - 1994-01-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - 2'-NH2-MPTP in Swiss Webster mice: evidence for long-term (6-month) depletions in cortical and hippocampal serotonin and norepinephrine, differential protection by selective uptake inhibitors or clorgyline and functional changes in central serotonin neurotransmission. AN - 76111041; 8263805 AB - The i.p. administration of 1-methyl-4-(2'-aminophenyl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (2'-NH2-MPTP; 4 x 20 mg/kg) to Swiss Webster mice caused substantial decreases in cortical and hippocampal 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and norepinephrine (NE) measured 1 week post-treatment. Compared with the authors' previously reported results in C57BL/6 mice, these effects were significantly greater in hippocampus (80-90% vs. 60%) and of a similar magnitude in frontal cortex (60-75%). A long-term study showed that cortical and hippocampal 5-HT, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and NE were still decreased 40% to 50% 6 months after treatment. Regional brain dopamine was essentially unchanged during the 6-month period. Pretreatment with the 5-HT-selective uptake inhibitors, fluoxetine or paroxetine, or with the NE-selective uptake inhibitor, desipramine, prevented decreases in cortical and hippocampal 5-HT and NE, respectively, 3 weeks after 2'-NH2-MPTP (4 x 20 mg/kg). In addition, pretreatment with the monoamine oxidase type-A inhibitor, clorgyline, also prevented the more modest decreases in 5-HT and NE caused by 4 x 15 mg/kg 2'-NH2-MPTP. Selegiline, a monoamine oxidase-B inhibitor, did not provide similar protection. Lastly, 2'-NH2-MPTP administered 3 weeks earlier, abolished hypothermia caused by the serotonin agonist, m-chlorophenylpiperazine, which provided preliminary evidence for an associated functional change in the central serotonergic system. Together, these data suggest that 2'-NH2-MPTP is a novel agent capable of producing long-lasting depletions in forebrain 5-HT and NE but not dopamine in two different strains of mice by some mechanisms that resemble those of the parent dopamine-depleting neurotoxin, MPTP. JF - The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics AU - Andrews, A M AU - Murphy, D L AD - Laboratory of Clinical Science, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland. Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - December 1993 SP - 1432 EP - 1439 VL - 267 IS - 3 SN - 0022-3565, 0022-3565 KW - Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors KW - 0 KW - Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors KW - Serotonin Receptor Agonists KW - Fluoxetine KW - 01K63SUP8D KW - 1-methyl-4-(2'-aminophenyl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine KW - 108114-93-8 KW - Selegiline KW - 2K1V7GP655 KW - Serotonin KW - 333DO1RDJY KW - Paroxetine KW - 41VRH5220H KW - 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine KW - 9P21XSP91P KW - Clorgyline KW - LYJ16FZU9Q KW - Desipramine KW - TG537D343B KW - Norepinephrine KW - X4W3ENH1CV KW - Index Medicus KW - Serotonin Receptor Agonists -- pharmacology KW - Animals KW - Selegiline -- pharmacology KW - Fluoxetine -- pharmacology KW - Desipramine -- pharmacology KW - MPTP Poisoning KW - Mice KW - Time Factors KW - Paroxetine -- pharmacology KW - Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors -- pharmacology KW - Male KW - Cerebral Cortex -- drug effects KW - Serotonin -- physiology KW - Cerebral Cortex -- metabolism KW - Hippocampus -- physiology KW - 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine -- metabolism KW - Synaptic Transmission -- drug effects KW - Hippocampus -- metabolism KW - Synaptic Transmission -- physiology KW - Hippocampus -- drug effects KW - Cerebral Cortex -- physiology KW - 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine -- analogs & derivatives KW - Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors -- pharmacology KW - Norepinephrine -- metabolism KW - 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine -- pharmacology KW - Clorgyline -- pharmacology KW - Serotonin -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76111041?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+pharmacology+and+experimental+therapeutics&rft.atitle=2%27-NH2-MPTP+in+Swiss+Webster+mice%3A+evidence+for+long-term+%286-month%29+depletions+in+cortical+and+hippocampal+serotonin+and+norepinephrine%2C+differential+protection+by+selective+uptake+inhibitors+or+clorgyline+and+functional+changes+in+central+serotonin+neurotransmission.&rft.au=Andrews%2C+A+M%3BMurphy%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Andrews&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=267&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1432&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+pharmacology+and+experimental+therapeutics&rft.issn=00223565&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-01-27 N1 - Date created - 1994-01-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evidence of two levels of control of P1 oriR and host oriC replication origins by DNA adenine methylation. AN - 76109156; 8253669 AB - A mutant mini-P1 plasmid with increased copy number can be established in Dam- strains of Escherichia coli, where mini-P1 plasmid replication is normally blocked. Comparison of this plasmid and a plasmid driven by the host oriC replication origin showed that both origins are subject to control by methylation at two different levels. First, both origins appear to be subject to negative regulation acting at the level of hemimethylation. This probably involves the sequestration of the hemimethylated DNA produced by replication, as has been previously described for oriC. Second, both origins show a positive requirement for adenine methylation for efficient function in vivo. This conclusion is supported by the behavior of the P1 origin in an improved in vitro replication system. In vitro, where sequestration of hemimethylated DNA is not expected to occur, the hemimethylated P1 origin DNA was fully functional as a template. However, the activity of fully unmethylated DNA was severely restricted in comparison with that of either of the methylated forms. This in vitro uncoupling of the two effects of origin methylation suggests that two separate mechanisms are involved. JF - Journal of bacteriology AU - Abeles, A AU - Brendler, T AU - Austin, S AD - Laboratory of Chromosome Biology, National Cancer Institute-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, Maryland 21701-1201. Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - December 1993 SP - 7801 EP - 7807 VL - 175 IS - 24 SN - 0021-9193, 0021-9193 KW - DNA, Bacterial KW - 0 KW - Site-Specific DNA-Methyltransferase (Adenine-Specific) KW - EC 2.1.1.72 KW - Adenine KW - JAC85A2161 KW - Index Medicus KW - Bacteriophage T4 -- enzymology KW - Blotting, Southern KW - Transformation, Genetic KW - Templates, Genetic KW - Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid KW - Methylation KW - Mutagenesis KW - Escherichia coli -- metabolism KW - Adenine -- metabolism KW - DNA, Bacterial -- biosynthesis KW - Escherichia coli -- genetics KW - Site-Specific DNA-Methyltransferase (Adenine-Specific) -- metabolism KW - Plasmids KW - DNA Replication UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76109156?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+bacteriology&rft.atitle=Evidence+of+two+levels+of+control+of+P1+oriR+and+host+oriC+replication+origins+by+DNA+adenine+methylation.&rft.au=Abeles%2C+A%3BBrendler%2C+T%3BAustin%2C+S&rft.aulast=Abeles&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=175&rft.issue=24&rft.spage=7801&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+bacteriology&rft.issn=00219193&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-01-10 N1 - Date created - 1994-01-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Bacteriol. 1989 Oct;171(10):5738-42 [2676991] Genetics. 1962 Sep;47:1219-24 [13955138] Mol Gen Genet. 1989 Oct;219(1-2):69-74 [2693949] J Bacteriol. 1990 Aug;172(8):4386-91 [2165477] Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1979;43 Pt 1:121-8 [383376] Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1979;43 Pt 1:139-45 [157832] Gene. 1979 May;6(1):23-8 [383576] Mol Gen Genet. 1979;177(1):65-72 [231729] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Dec;78(12):7370-4 [6278471] Nucleic Acids Res. 1983 Feb 11;11(3):837-51 [6300769] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Aug;80(15):4639-43 [6308634] J Mol Biol. 1983 Sep 15;169(2):373-87 [6225875] J Mol Biol. 1984 Mar 5;173(3):307-24 [6699914] J Mol Biol. 1984 Jun 15;176(1):155-9 [6330369] EMBO J. 1984 Dec 1;3(12):2863-71 [6098451] EMBO J. 1985 May;4(5):1319-26 [3891329] J Bacteriol. 1986 Mar;165(3):896-900 [3512529] J Biol Chem. 1986 Mar 15;261(8):3548-55 [3949778] Mol Gen Genet. 1986 Feb;202(2):246-50 [3010047] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Jun;83(12):4423-7 [3520571] Mol Gen Genet. 1986 Oct;205(1):115-21 [3025553] J Mol Biol. 1986 Nov 20;192(2):275-85 [3560217] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Mar;84(6):1482-6 [3550791] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Jun;84(12):4171-5 [2438693] Cell. 1987 Sep 25;50(7):1071-9 [3304662] EMBO J. 1987 Oct;6(10):3185-9 [2826133] Cell. 1988 Jul 1;54(1):127-35 [2838178] Nucleic Acids Res. 1988 Jun 10;16(11):5067-73 [3290846] J Biol Chem. 1988 Aug 5;263(22):10625-32 [2839499] Gene. 1988 Dec 20;73(2):531-5 [2854098] Cell. 1990 Sep 7;62(5):967-79 [1697508] Cell. 1990 Sep 7;62(5):981-9 [2203541] Cell. 1990 Nov 30;63(5):1053-60 [2257623] J Bacteriol. 1991 Jul;173(13):3935-42 [2061278] J Bacteriol. 1991 Jul;173(14):4537-9 [2066345] J Mol Biol. 1989 Sep 5;209(1):79-90 [2478715] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Autocrine induction of c-fos expression in GT1 neuronal cells by gonadotropin-releasing hormone. AN - 76103566; 8243334 AB - Activation of GnRH receptors in GnRH neuronal (GT1-7) cells causes marked and transient increases in c-fos expression, with peak response at 30 min. GnRH and des-Gly10-[D-Ala6]GnRH N-ethylamide induced concentration-dependent c-fos responses with EC50s of approximately 0.1 and approximately 1 nM, respectively. GnRH action was mimicked by phorbol 12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA), but stimulation of Ca2+ entry by K(+)-induced depolarization and Bay K 8644 was much less effective. In protein kinase C-depleted cells, the c-fos response to GnRH was reduced to that elicited by increased Ca2+ entry, and the effect of PMA was abolished. Thus, GnRH-induced c-fos expression in GT1 cells appears to be mediated predominantly by protein kinase C, and to a lesser extent by Ca2+. These findings demonstrate that c-fos expression can be induced in a peptidergic neuron by activation of receptors for its neurosecretory product. It is possible that the expression of c-fos in GnRH hypothalamic neurons during the proestrous surge of gonadotropins could likewise be stimulated by a positive feedback action of GnRH on its neuronal receptors. JF - Endocrinology AU - Cesnjaj, M AU - Krsmanovic, L Z AU - Catt, K J AU - Stojilkovic, S S AD - Endocrinology and Reproduction Research Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892. Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - December 1993 SP - 3042 EP - 3045 VL - 133 IS - 6 SN - 0013-7227, 0013-7227 KW - Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos KW - 0 KW - RNA, Messenger KW - Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone KW - 33515-09-2 KW - Protein Kinase C KW - EC 2.7.11.13 KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate KW - NI40JAQ945 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Protein Kinase C -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - RNA, Messenger -- metabolism KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate -- pharmacology KW - Cell Line, Transformed KW - Neurons -- metabolism KW - Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos -- genetics KW - Neurons -- physiology KW - Gene Expression Regulation -- drug effects KW - Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76103566?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Endocrinology&rft.atitle=Autocrine+induction+of+c-fos+expression+in+GT1+neuronal+cells+by+gonadotropin-releasing+hormone.&rft.au=Cesnjaj%2C+M%3BKrsmanovic%2C+L+Z%3BCatt%2C+K+J%3BStojilkovic%2C+S+S&rft.aulast=Cesnjaj&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=133&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=3042&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Endocrinology&rft.issn=00137227&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-01-06 N1 - Date created - 1994-01-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quinolinic acid in the cerebrospinal fluid of children with symptomatic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 disease: relationships to clinical status and therapeutic response. AN - 76098190; 8245522 AB - Quinolinic acid (QUIN) is a neurotoxin implicated in the neurologic deficits associated with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. Forty children with symptomatic HIV-1 disease had elevated (P < .001) cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) QUIN levels (55.8 +/- 8.9 nM) compared with controls (14.9 +/- 3.0 nM). Age-adjusted CSF QUIN concentrations in HIV-1-infected children were predicted by the general index of mental abilities (GIMA, from an age-appropriate intelligence test; r = -0.45, P < .01). Zidovudine therapy reduced CSF QUIN from 64.1 +/- 16.3 to 19.7 +/- 5.2 nM (P < .01; N = 16) and increased GIMA from 76.8 +/- 5.2 to 87.2 +/- 6.3 (P < .001). Encephalopathic HIV-1-infected patients had higher CSF QUIN levels than patients without encephalopathy (79.6 +/- 16.1 vs. 32.7 +/- 6.7 nM, P < .01). CSF QUIN concentrations were also higher (P < .001) in patients who died < or = 3 years after their baseline assessment, compared with those who were still alive. These results warrant further investigation of CSF QUIN in HIV-infected children as a mediator of neurologic dysfunction and a supplemental marker of neurologic disease, particularly when combined with measures of neurocognitive functioning. JF - The Journal of infectious diseases AU - Brouwers, P AU - Heyes, M P AU - Moss, H A AU - Wolters, P L AU - Poplack, D G AU - Markey, S P AU - Pizzo, P A AD - Pediatric Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD 20892. Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - December 1993 SP - 1380 EP - 1386 VL - 168 IS - 6 SN - 0022-1899, 0022-1899 KW - Zidovudine KW - 4B9XT59T7S KW - Quinolinic Acid KW - F6F0HK1URN KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Infant KW - Analysis of Variance KW - AIDS Dementia Complex -- cerebrospinal fluid KW - Humans KW - Child KW - Male KW - Female KW - Cognition KW - Child, Preschool KW - Zidovudine -- therapeutic use KW - Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome -- physiopathology KW - Quinolinic Acid -- cerebrospinal fluid KW - Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome -- drug therapy KW - Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome -- mortality KW - HIV-1 KW - Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome -- cerebrospinal fluid UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76098190?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+infectious+diseases&rft.atitle=Quinolinic+acid+in+the+cerebrospinal+fluid+of+children+with+symptomatic+human+immunodeficiency+virus+type+1+disease%3A+relationships+to+clinical+status+and+therapeutic+response.&rft.au=Brouwers%2C+P%3BHeyes%2C+M+P%3BMoss%2C+H+A%3BWolters%2C+P+L%3BPoplack%2C+D+G%3BMarkey%2C+S+P%3BPizzo%2C+P+A&rft.aulast=Brouwers&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=168&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1380&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+infectious+diseases&rft.issn=00221899&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-12-28 N1 - Date created - 1993-12-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In vivo ESR spin trapping evidence for hydroxyl radical-mediated toxicity of paraquat and copper in rats. AN - 76085197; 8248925 AB - The electron spin resonance (ESR) spin trapping technique was employed to study the role of Cu(II) in the generation of hydroxyl radical during paraquat (PQ2+) intoxication in rats. A secondary radical trapping technique was used for the detection of hydroxyl radical generated in vivo during copper-mediated PQ2+ toxicity. According to this technique (Burkitt and Mason, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88, 8440-8444, 1991), the hydroxyl radical generated reacts with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in vivo to form the methyl radical, which is then spin trapped by phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone (PBN). The relatively stable methyl radical adduct of PBN was detected in the bile of rats 2 hr after treatment with simultaneous doses of CuSO4, PQ2+, PBN, and DMSO, whereas no radical adducts were detected in the absence of administered PQ2+. Bile samples were collected into Cu(I)- and Fe(II)-stabilizing agents in order to prevent the occurrence of radical adducts generated ex vivo in bile during its collection. The analysis of radical adducts excreted via the biliary route provide strong ESR evidence for the generation of the hydroxyl radical as a result of the known futile enzymatic redox cycling of PQ2+, with copper playing an essential mediatory role. No radical adducts were detected when either CuSO4 or PQ2+ was excluded. From a different perspective, in vivo copper-dependent hydroxyl radical generation could be said to be promoted by PQ2+. This is the first report of ESR evidence for this synergetic hydroxyl radical generation by copper and PQ2+ in a whole animal. JF - Toxicology and applied pharmacology AU - Kadiiska, M B AU - Hanna, P M AU - Mason, R P AD - National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709. Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - December 1993 SP - 187 EP - 192 VL - 123 IS - 2 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - Hydroxyl Radical KW - 3352-57-6 KW - Copper KW - 789U1901C5 KW - Paraquat KW - PLG39H7695 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy KW - Male KW - Hydroxyl Radical -- metabolism KW - Copper -- toxicity KW - Paraquat -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76085197?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.atitle=In+vivo+ESR+spin+trapping+evidence+for+hydroxyl+radical-mediated+toxicity+of+paraquat+and+copper+in+rats.&rft.au=Kadiiska%2C+M+B%3BHanna%2C+P+M%3BMason%2C+R+P&rft.aulast=Kadiiska&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=123&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=187&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-01-05 N1 - Date created - 1994-01-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Paclitaxel for platinum-refractory ovarian cancer: results from the first 1,000 patients registered to National Cancer Institute Treatment Referral Center 9103. AN - 76082520; 7902426 AB - To provide an investigational drug, paclitaxel, now commercially available, to women with refractory ovarian cancer and to evaluate response and toxicity in these patients. Patients with platinum-refractory ovarian cancer, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status 0 to 3, at least three prior chemotherapy regimens, adequate hepatic and renal function, and no significant cardiac history were eligible. Patients were treated with paclitaxel 135 mg/m2 administered by 24-hour continuous intravenous infusion every 3 weeks. Leukopenia was the most frequent toxicity, with 78% of patients experiencing grade 3 or 4 toxicity. Other grade 3 and 4 toxicities were less common: fever (33%), infection (12%), thrombocytopenia (8%), vomiting (7%), cardiac (2%), neurologic (2%), and mucositis (1%). Fifteen treatment-related deaths (1.5%) were reported. The objective response rate was 22% (4% complete response [CR], 18% partial response; 95% confidence interval [CI] for overall response, 19% to 25%). The median time to progression from treatment initiation was 7.1 months in responding patients and 4.5 months for all patients. The median survival duration was 8.8 months. Paclitaxel has shown activity in women with platinum-refractory ovarian cancer, and it can be administered with an acceptable safety profile. Further research is needed to determine the optimal role of paclitaxel in the primary and salvage treatment of ovarian cancer. JF - Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology AU - Trimble, E L AU - Adams, J D AU - Vena, D AU - Hawkins, M J AU - Friedman, M A AU - Fisherman, J S AU - Christian, M C AU - Canetta, R AU - Onetto, N AU - Hayn, R AD - Clinical Investigation Branch, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20852. Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - December 1993 SP - 2405 EP - 2410 VL - 11 IS - 12 SN - 0732-183X, 0732-183X KW - Antineoplastic Agents KW - 0 KW - Platinum Compounds KW - Paclitaxel KW - P88XT4IS4D KW - Index Medicus KW - Life Tables KW - Infusions, Intravenous KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Drug Resistance KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Platinum Compounds -- therapeutic use KW - Antineoplastic Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Female KW - Survival Analysis KW - Paclitaxel -- administration & dosage KW - Paclitaxel -- adverse effects KW - Carcinoma -- drug therapy KW - Paclitaxel -- therapeutic use KW - Ovarian Neoplasms -- drug therapy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76082520?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+clinical+oncology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+American+Society+of+Clinical+Oncology&rft.atitle=Paclitaxel+for+platinum-refractory+ovarian+cancer%3A+results+from+the+first+1%2C000+patients+registered+to+National+Cancer+Institute+Treatment+Referral+Center+9103.&rft.au=Trimble%2C+E+L%3BAdams%2C+J+D%3BVena%2C+D%3BHawkins%2C+M+J%3BFriedman%2C+M+A%3BFisherman%2C+J+S%3BChristian%2C+M+C%3BCanetta%2C+R%3BOnetto%2C+N%3BHayn%2C+R&rft.aulast=Trimble&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=2405&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+clinical+oncology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+American+Society+of+Clinical+Oncology&rft.issn=0732183X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-12-23 N1 - Date created - 1993-12-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A human mitochondrial ATP-dependent protease that is highly homologous to bacterial Lon protease. AN - 76081160; 8248235 AB - We have cloned a human ATP-dependent protease that is highly homologous to members of the bacterial Lon protease family. The cloned gene encodes a protein of 963 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 106 kDa, slightly higher than that observed by Western blotting the protein from human tissues and cell lines (100 kDa). A single species of mRNA was found for this Lon protease in all human tissues examined. The protease is encoded in the nucleus, and the amino-terminal portion of the protein sequence contains a potential mitochondrial targeting presequence. Immunofluorescence microscopy suggested a predominantly mitochondrial localization for the Lon protease in cultured human cells. A truncated LON gene, in which translation was initiated at Met118 of the coding sequence, was expressed in Escherichia coli and produced a protease that degraded alpha-casein in vitro in an ATP-dependent manner and had other properties similar to E. coli Lon protease. JF - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America AU - Wang, N AU - Gottesman, S AU - Willingham, M C AU - Gottesman, M M AU - Maurizi, M R AD - Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892. Y1 - 1993/12/01/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Dec 01 SP - 11247 EP - 11251 VL - 90 IS - 23 SN - 0027-8424, 0027-8424 KW - lon KW - DNA, Complementary KW - 0 KW - Escherichia coli Proteins KW - Heat-Shock Proteins KW - ATP-Dependent Proteases KW - EC 3.4.21.- KW - Serine Endopeptidases KW - Lon protein, E coli KW - EC 3.4.21.53 KW - Protease La KW - Index Medicus KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Blotting, Western KW - Base Sequence KW - DNA, Complementary -- genetics KW - Sequence Alignment KW - Humans KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Tissue Distribution KW - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid KW - Structure-Activity Relationship KW - Cloning, Molecular KW - Heat-Shock Proteins -- metabolism KW - Genes KW - Serine Endopeptidases -- metabolism KW - Serine Endopeptidases -- genetics KW - Mitochondria -- enzymology KW - Serine Endopeptidases -- chemistry KW - Heat-Shock Proteins -- genetics KW - Heat-Shock Proteins -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76081160?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+of+the+United+States+of+America&rft.atitle=A+human+mitochondrial+ATP-dependent+protease+that+is+highly+homologous+to+bacterial+Lon+protease.&rft.au=Wang%2C+N%3BGottesman%2C+S%3BWillingham%2C+M+C%3BGottesman%2C+M+M%3BMaurizi%2C+M+R&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=23&rft.spage=11247&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+of+the+United+States+of+America&rft.issn=00278424&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-01-04 N1 - Date created - 1994-01-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Gene symbol - lon N1 - Genetic sequence - U02389; GENBANK N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Bacteriol. 1993 Apr;175(8):2271-7 [8468287] Microbiol Rev. 1992 Dec;56(4):592-621 [1480111] J Bacteriol. 1993 Jul;175(14):4545-9 [8331083] Nat Genet. 1993 Jul;4(3):256-67 [8358434] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Dec;74(12):5463-7 [271968] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Aug;78(8):4728-32 [6458036] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Aug;78(8):4931-5 [6458037] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Mar;79(6):1869-73 [7043466] J Biol Chem. 1982 Oct 10;257(19):11673-9 [6749845] EMBO J. 1982;1(8):945-51 [6329717] J Biol Chem. 1985 Oct 5;260(22):12022-8 [3900067] J Biol Chem. 1985 Nov 25;260(27):14498-504 [3902833] J Bacteriol. 1985 Dec;164(3):1124-35 [2999072] J Mol Biol. 1986 May 5;189(1):113-30 [3537305] J Biol Chem. 1987 Feb 25;262(6):2696-703 [2950089] J Biol Chem. 1987 Apr 5;262(10):4477-85 [3549708] J Biol Chem. 1987 Apr 5;262(10):4508-15 [3549709] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Aug;84(16):5550-4 [3303028] Mol Cell Biol. 1988 Feb;8(2):655-63 [2832732] J Biol Chem. 1988 Aug 25;263(24):11718-28 [3042779] Nucleic Acids Res. 1988 Aug 11;16(15):7583-600 [2970625] Eur J Biochem. 1989 Apr 1;180(3):535-45 [2653818] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Jun;86(11):4056-60 [2657736] Annu Rev Genet. 1989;23:163-98 [2694929] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 May;87(9):3513-7 [2185473] J Biol Chem. 1990 Jul 25;265(21):12546-52 [2197276] Methods Enzymol. 1990;185:60-89 [2199796] Cell. 1990 Aug 24;62(4):611-4 [2201450] Biotechniques. 1991 Feb;10(2):202-4, 206, 208-9 [1676289] FEBS Lett. 1991 Aug 5;287(1-2):211-4 [1652461] J Biol Chem. 1991 Oct 25;266(30):19867-70 [1939050] Eur J Biochem. 1992 Jan 15;203(1-2):9-23 [1730246] Nature. 1992 Feb 13;355(6361):632-4 [1538749] J Bacteriol. 1992 Apr;174(7):2281-7 [1551846] Biochem J. 1992 Jun 15;284 ( Pt 3):609-20 [1622383] Annu Rev Biochem. 1992;61:1175-212 [1497308] Annu Rev Biochem. 1992;61:761-807 [1323239] Gene. 1992 Oct 21;120(2):197-206 [1398134] J Biol Chem. 1992 Nov 15;267(32):22699-702 [1429620] J Bacteriol. 1993 Jul;175(14):4538-44 [8331082] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An extraintestinal, pathogenic isolate of Escherichia coli (O4/K54/H5) can produce a group 1 capsule which is divergently regulated from its constitutively produced group 2, K54 capsular polysaccharide. AN - 76079410; 8244930 AB - We are studying an O4/K54/H5 Escherichia coli bacteremic isolate (CP9) as a model pathogen for extraintestinal infection. Its group 2, K54 capsular polysaccharide is an important virulence determinant and confers serum resistance. In this study the effect of the group 1 capsule regulators, RcsA, RcsB, and Lon protease, on the regulation of CP9's capsular polysaccharides was assessed. It was established that in the presence of multicopy rcsA or with disruption of lon, CP9 can be induced to produce a group 1 capsule. RcsA, RcsB, and Lon are present in this K54 background and regulate group 1 capsule expression in a fashion similar to that described for K-12 strains. Two independent group 2 capsule gene protein fusions (cl1.29::TnphoA and cl1.137::TnphoA) were used to evaluate the effects of these regulators on group 2 K54 capsule production. Disruption of lon resulted in 1.9-fold (TR293 [cl1.29::TnphoA lon-146]) and 3.4-fold (TR1373 [cl1.137::TnphoA lon-146]) decreases in fusion activity at 28 degrees C, relative to the baseline level. However, decreases in fusion activity at 42 degrees C were only 1.2- and 1.4-fold, respectively. Inactivation of both lon and rcsA or lon and rcsB restored fusion activity to baseline levels at 28 degrees C, but only a partial restoration of activity was seen at higher temperatures. To assess whether these differences in fusion activity reflected a functional change in capsule production, the effects of 80% normal human serum (NHS) were tested against CP9 and TR93 (lon-146). Since the group 2 K54 capsule protects against the bactericidal activity of 80% NHS, a decrease in its production results in an increase in serum sensitivity. Viable counts of CP9 increased 10-fold in 80% NHS over 3 h at 28 degrees C, as expected. In contrast to CP9, TR93 (lon-146) incurred a 10-fold loss in viability under the same conditions. The levels of RcsA are increased in TR93 (lon 146) as consequence of lon disruption; therefore, these results in conjunction with the cl1::TnphoA protein fusion data establish RcsA as a negative regulator of the group 2 K54 capsular polysaccharide. Furthermore, these results also suggest existence of another Lon-sensitive negative regulator of group 2 K54 capsule production, which is active higher temperatures. JF - Journal of bacteriology AU - Russo, T A AU - Singh, G AD - Bacterial Pathogenesis Unit, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland 20892. Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - December 1993 SP - 7617 EP - 7623 VL - 175 IS - 23 SN - 0021-9193, 0021-9193 KW - Antigens, Bacterial KW - 0 KW - Antigens, Surface KW - Bacterial Proteins KW - Escherichia coli Proteins KW - Heat-Shock Proteins KW - K antigens KW - Polysaccharides, Bacterial KW - RcsB protein, E coli KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins KW - Transcription Factors KW - RcsB protein, Bacteria KW - 127737-30-8 KW - RcsA protein, E coli KW - 135688-02-7 KW - Alkaline Phosphatase KW - EC 3.1.3.1 KW - ATP-Dependent Proteases KW - EC 3.4.21.- KW - Serine Endopeptidases KW - Lon protein, E coli KW - EC 3.4.21.53 KW - Protease La KW - Index Medicus KW - Bacterial Proteins -- genetics KW - Serine Endopeptidases -- genetics KW - Virulence -- genetics KW - Blood Bactericidal Activity KW - Alkaline Phosphatase -- analysis KW - Mutagenesis, Insertional KW - Heat-Shock Proteins -- genetics KW - Genes, Regulator KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial KW - Escherichia coli -- immunology KW - Antigens, Bacterial -- biosynthesis KW - Escherichia coli -- genetics KW - Antigens, Surface -- biosynthesis KW - Antigens, Bacterial -- genetics KW - Antigens, Surface -- genetics KW - Polysaccharides, Bacterial -- biosynthesis KW - Bacterial Capsules -- chemistry KW - Escherichia coli -- pathogenicity KW - Bacterial Capsules -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76079410?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+bacteriology&rft.atitle=An+extraintestinal%2C+pathogenic+isolate+of+Escherichia+coli+%28O4%2FK54%2FH5%29+can+produce+a+group+1+capsule+which+is+divergently+regulated+from+its+constitutively+produced+group+2%2C+K54+capsular+polysaccharide.&rft.au=Russo%2C+T+A%3BSingh%2C+G&rft.aulast=Russo&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=175&rft.issue=23&rft.spage=7617&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+bacteriology&rft.issn=00219193&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-01-03 N1 - Date created - 1994-01-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Bacteriol. 1988 Mar;170(3):1305-10 [2830235] Rev Infect Dis. 1987 Sep-Oct;9 Suppl 5:S517-26 [2446369] J Bacteriol. 1988 Jun;170(6):2599-611 [2836365] Infect Immun. 1990 Jan;58(1):222-7 [2403532] Can J Microbiol. 1989 Nov;35(11):994-9 [2482125] J Bacteriol. 1990 Feb;172(2):659-69 [2404948] Mol Microbiol. 1989 Oct;3(10):1349-59 [2693894] Mol Microbiol. 1989 Dec;3(12):1819-23 [2695750] FEMS Microbiol Lett. 1990 May;57(1-2):129-33 [2165964] Rev Infect Dis. 1990 Nov-Dec;12(6):1008-18 [2267481] Infect Immun. 1991 Feb;59(2):494-502 [1987069] J Bacteriol. 1991 Mar;173(5):1738-47 [1999391] Clin Microbiol Rev. 1991 Jan;4(1):80-128 [1672263] Mol Microbiol. 1991 Jul;5(7):1599-606 [1943696] J Bacteriol. 1992 Jan;174(1):8-16 [1729226] J Bacteriol. 1992 Feb;174(3):1063-7 [1732199] J Bacteriol. 1992 Sep;174(18):5910-5 [1522067] J Bacteriol. 1992 Dec;174(24):8016-22 [1459951] Clin Microbiol Rev. 1993 Jan;6(1):57-68 [8457980] Infect Immun. 1993 Aug;61(8):3578-82 [8392976] J Bacteriol. 1993 Sep;175(17):5384-94 [8366025] J Gen Microbiol. 1993 Aug;139(8):1707-14 [8409913] Mol Microbiol. 1993 Jul;9(2):357-64 [8412686] N Engl J Med. 1974 May 30;290(22):1216-20 [4133095] Nature. 1981 Feb 19;289(5799):696-8 [7007894] Infect Immun. 1983 Jul;41(1):54-60 [6408005] J Infect Dis. 1984 Feb;149(2):184-93 [6199436] J Bacteriol. 1984 Oct;160(1):184-91 [6090411] Carbohydr Res. 1985 Jun 15;139:261-71 [3896488] J Bacteriol. 1987 Mar;169(3):981-9 [3029041] J Bacteriol. 1987 Oct;169(10):4525-31 [2820930] J Gen Microbiol. 1987 Feb;133(2):331-40 [3309150] Adv Intern Med. 1988;33:231-52 [2830769] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Serotonin secretion from rat Leydig cells. AN - 76079400; 8243331 AB - In rat Leydig cells, serotonin (5HT) binds to 5HT2 receptors and stimulates the secretion of CRF which in turn acts as an inhibitor of gonadotropin-induced cAMP formation and androgen production. In the present study we defined the regulation of 5HT secretion in cultured Leydig cells. Adult Leydig cells secreted considerable quantities of 5HT (100-150 pg/10(6) cells per 10 min). The release of 5HT was acutely stimulated by hCG (ED50, 1.1 pM) with maximal stimulation at 10 pM hCG (160%). Forskolin also increased (+220%) 5HT release from cultures (ED50, 50 nM) while TPA was much less effective (+20%), indicating a major role for cAMP in gonadotropin-induced 5HT release. This was confirmed by the finding that 8-Br cAMP (1 mM) was an effective stimulus of 5HT release (+360%). Similar increases of 5HT release by hCG were observed in the absence of extracellular Ca2+. However, ionomycin was a potent stimulus of 5HT release, indicating that elevation of cytoplasmic [Ca2+] could also induce amine secretion. The 5HT content of Leydig cells ranged from 300 to 350 pg/10(6) cells, and decreased during stimulation of 5HT release. Also, immunohistochemical studies revealed specific staining of 5 HT in interstitial cells of the adult rat testis. These studies demonstrated that rat Leydig cells contain and secrete 5HT, and that 5HT release is stimulated by gonadotropin acting primarily through a cAMP-mediated mechanism. JF - Endocrinology AU - Tinajero, J C AU - Fabbri, A AU - Ciocca, D R AU - Dufau, M L AD - Section on Molecular Endocrinology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892. Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - December 1993 SP - 3026 EP - 3029 VL - 133 IS - 6 SN - 0013-7227, 0013-7227 KW - Chorionic Gonadotropin KW - 0 KW - Colforsin KW - 1F7A44V6OU KW - 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate KW - 23583-48-4 KW - Serotonin KW - 333DO1RDJY KW - Ionomycin KW - 56092-81-0 KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate KW - NI40JAQ945 KW - Calcium KW - SY7Q814VUP KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Colforsin -- pharmacology KW - Chorionic Gonadotropin -- pharmacology KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Calcium -- physiology KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate -- pharmacology KW - Ionomycin -- pharmacology KW - 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate -- pharmacology KW - Male KW - Serotonin -- secretion KW - Leydig Cells -- secretion UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76079400?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Endocrinology&rft.atitle=Serotonin+secretion+from+rat+Leydig+cells.&rft.au=Tinajero%2C+J+C%3BFabbri%2C+A%3BCiocca%2C+D+R%3BDufau%2C+M+L&rft.aulast=Tinajero&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=133&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=3026&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Endocrinology&rft.issn=00137227&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-01-06 N1 - Date created - 1994-01-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Resistance to cyclopentenylcytosine in murine leukemia L1210 cells. AN - 76077655; 7694793 AB - Cyclopentenyl cytosine (CPEC) exhibits oncological activity in murine and human tumor cells and has now entered Phase I clinical trials. Its mode of action as an antitumor agent appears to be inhibition by its triphosphate (CPEC-TP) of CTP synthase, the enzyme which converts UTP to CTP. In an attempt to elucidate the mechanism of resistance to CPEC, a murine leukemia cell line resistant to CPEC (L1210/CPEC) was developed by N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine-induced mutagenesis and subsequent selection by cultivation of the L1210 cells in the presence of 2 microM CPEC. Resistant clones were maintained in CPEC-free medium for 6 generations before biochemical studies were performed. The resistant clone selected for further studies was approximately 13,000-fold less sensitive to growth inhibition by CPEC than the parental cells, and the concentration of CPEC required to deplete CTP in the resistant cells was 50-fold higher than in the sensitive cells. A comparison of the kinetic properties of CTP synthase from sensitive and resistant cells indicated alteration in the properties of the enzyme from the latter; the median inhibitory concentration for CPEC-TP increased from 2 to 14 microM, Km for UTP decreased from 126 to 50 microM, and Vmax increased 12-fold from 0.2 to 2.3 nmol/mg/min. Northern blot analyses of polyadenylated RNA from the resistant and sensitive cells indicated a 3-fold increase in transcripts of the CTP synthase gene in the resistant line. Consistent with these alterations in the properties of the enzyme, the resistant cells exhibited significantly expanded CTP and dCTP pools (4- 5-fold) when compared with the sensitive cells. No change was observed, however, in the properties of uridine-cytidine kinase, the enzyme responsible for the initial phosphorylation of CPEC; despite this, however, cellular uptake of CPEC was greatly decreased, and phosphorylation of CPEC and its incorporation into RNA were 10-fold less than in the parental cells. These latter observations are most readily explained by feedback inhibition by the increased CTP levels of the resistant cells of uridine-cytidine kinase and/or of the membrane transport process used for initial entry of CPEC. JF - Cancer research AU - Zhang, H AU - Cooney, D A AU - Zhang, M H AU - Ahluwalia, G AU - Ford, H AU - Johns, D G AD - Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892. Y1 - 1993/12/01/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Dec 01 SP - 5714 EP - 5720 VL - 53 IS - 23 SN - 0008-5472, 0008-5472 KW - Antineoplastic Agents KW - 0 KW - Cytidine KW - 5CSZ8459RP KW - RNA KW - 63231-63-0 KW - Cytidine Triphosphate KW - 65-47-4 KW - cyclopentenyl cytosine KW - 69MO0NDN8K KW - Ligases KW - EC 6.- KW - Carbon-Nitrogen Ligases KW - EC 6.3.- KW - CTP synthetase KW - EC 6.3.4.2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Ligases -- genetics KW - Animals KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured KW - Phosphorylation KW - RNA -- metabolism KW - Cytidine Triphosphate -- metabolism KW - Deamination KW - Ligases -- metabolism KW - Drug Resistance KW - Mice KW - Leukemia L1210 -- pathology KW - Cytidine -- pharmacology KW - Leukemia L1210 -- drug therapy KW - Cytidine -- metabolism KW - Cytidine -- analogs & derivatives KW - Antineoplastic Agents -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76077655?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+research&rft.atitle=Resistance+to+cyclopentenylcytosine+in+murine+leukemia+L1210+cells.&rft.au=Zhang%2C+H%3BCooney%2C+D+A%3BZhang%2C+M+H%3BAhluwalia%2C+G%3BFord%2C+H%3BJohns%2C+D+G&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=23&rft.spage=5714&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+research&rft.issn=00085472&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-01-03 N1 - Date created - 1994-01-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Neoadjuvant therapy in cancer treatment. AN - 76077228; 8242583 AB - Neoadjuvant therapy has come to play an increasingly prominent role in the treatment of cancer. Originally defined as systemic therapy given before local treatment, the concept has been extended to include radiation therapy given before surgery. Potential advantages include improved local and distant control, direct evaluation, and organ-sparing treatment. Potential disadvantages include increased toxicity and cost, potential delay in effective treatment, and obscuring of pathologic staging. Neoadjuvant therapy in cancer treatment may be viewed in three categories: tumors in which neoadjuvant treatment has been shown effective, thus becoming standard therapy; tumors in which it has been shown to facilitate organ-sparing, and tumors in which its utility has not been shown. For patients with osteogenic sarcoma, for example, preoperative chemotherapy and limb salvage therapy have become the standard of care. Response to chemotherapy, ascertained by histologic review of the surgical specimen, can be used to tailor postoperative chemotherapy. In patients with advanced laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radiation has permitted laryngeal preservation in a majority of patients without compromising overall survival. Phase II and III studies conducted in women with breast cancer have demonstrated promising results for neoadjuvant chemotherapy given before radiation therapy and/or surgery. Phase III studies to compare neoadjuvant therapy to standard therapy in patients with breast cancer are underway. For neoadjuvant therapy, as with other innovations in cancer treatment, it is crucial that a new strategy must be compared closely to standard therapy in terms of recurrence, survival, and impact on organ sparing, as well as quality of life and treatment costs. JF - Cancer AU - Trimble, E L AU - Ungerleider, R S AU - Abrams, J A AU - Kaplan, R S AU - Feigal, E G AU - Smith, M A AU - Carter, C L AU - Friedman, M A AD - National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland. Y1 - 1993/12/01/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Dec 01 SP - 3515 EP - 3524 VL - 72 IS - 11 Suppl SN - 0008-543X, 0008-543X KW - Antineoplastic Agents KW - 0 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Chemotherapy, Adjuvant KW - Neoplasms -- surgery KW - Neoplasms -- drug therapy KW - Neoplasms -- radiotherapy KW - Antineoplastic Agents -- therapeutic use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76077228?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer&rft.atitle=Neoadjuvant+therapy+in+cancer+treatment.&rft.au=Trimble%2C+E+L%3BUngerleider%2C+R+S%3BAbrams%2C+J+A%3BKaplan%2C+R+S%3BFeigal%2C+E+G%3BSmith%2C+M+A%3BCarter%2C+C+L%3BFriedman%2C+M+A&rft.aulast=Trimble&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=11+Suppl&rft.spage=3515&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer&rft.issn=0008543X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-12-27 N1 - Date created - 1993-12-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lithium decreases membrane-associated protein kinase C in hippocampus: selectivity for the alpha isozyme. AN - 76071289; 8245981 AB - We investigated the effects of lithium on alterations in the amount and distribution of protein kinase C (PKC) in discrete areas of rat brain by using [3H]phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate quantitative autoradiography as well as western blotting. Chronic administration of lithium resulted in a significant decrease in membrane-associated PKC in several hippocampal structures, most notably the subiculum and the CA1 region. In contrast, only modest changes in [3H]phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate binding were observed in the various other cortical and subcortical structures examined. Immunoblotting using monoclonal anti-PKC antibodies revealed an isozyme-specific 30% decrease in hippocampal membrane-associated PKC alpha, in the absence of any changes in the labeling of either the beta (I/II) or gamma isozymes. These changes were observed only after chronic (4 week) treatment with lithium, and not after acute (5 days) treatment, suggesting potential clinical relevance. Given the critical role of PKC in regulating neuronal signal transduction, lithium's effects on PKC in the limbic system represent an attractive molecular mechanism for its efficacy in treating both poles of manic-depressive illness. In addition, the decreased hippocampal membrane-associated PKC observed in the present study offers a possible explanation for lithium-induced memory impairment. JF - Journal of neurochemistry AU - Manji, H K AU - Etcheberrigaray, R AU - Chen, G AU - Olds, J L AD - Section on Clinical Pharmacology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892. Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - December 1993 SP - 2303 EP - 2310 VL - 61 IS - 6 SN - 0022-3042, 0022-3042 KW - Isoenzymes KW - 0 KW - Tritium KW - 10028-17-8 KW - Lithium Carbonate KW - 2BMD2GNA4V KW - Phorbol 12,13-Dibutyrate KW - 37558-16-0 KW - Protein Kinase C KW - EC 2.7.11.13 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Phorbol 12,13-Dibutyrate -- metabolism KW - Pyramidal Tracts -- enzymology KW - Organ Specificity KW - Autoradiography KW - Male KW - Protein Kinase C -- metabolism KW - Brain -- enzymology KW - Lithium Carbonate -- pharmacology KW - Hippocampus -- enzymology KW - Isoenzymes -- metabolism KW - Hippocampus -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76071289?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+neurochemistry&rft.atitle=Lithium+decreases+membrane-associated+protein+kinase+C+in+hippocampus%3A+selectivity+for+the+alpha+isozyme.&rft.au=Manji%2C+H+K%3BEtcheberrigaray%2C+R%3BChen%2C+G%3BOlds%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Manji&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=2303&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+neurochemistry&rft.issn=00223042&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-12-23 N1 - Date created - 1993-12-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Gene therapy for human hemoglobinopathies. AN - 76065835; 8234372 AB - Gene transfer of human globin genes into human pluripotent stem cells via viral vectors may soon be realized. The high level of globin gene expression believed to be required for the treatment of severe hemoglobinopathies necessitated the inclusion of cis-acting sequences (LCR). Retroviral vectors containing the LCR elements are prone to rearrangement, low titer, and poor expression. Inclusion of a "minilocus" containing four HS sites linked to a globin gene resulted in higher expression in transplanted mice, but rearrangement of the provirus still occurs, and it is unclear what significance these experiments have with regard to human marrow stem cell transduction. Recombinant AAV is among the newest of genetic transfer vectors. This once obscure virus possesses unique properties that distinguish it from all other vectors. Its major advantage is the lack of pathogenicity in humans. Wild-type AAV has the unusual ability to selectively integrate into the mammalian genome at a specific region, thus reducing the concern for genomic disruption and insertional mutagenesis. The ability of AAV to carry regulatory elements without interference from the viral template may enable greater control of transferred gene expression. Disadvantages currently include the inferior packaging systems which yield low numbers of recombinant virions which are contaminated with wild-type adenovirus. The small AAV genome that can be packaged (approximately 5 kb) rules out its use for transfer of larger genes. Recombinant AAV viruses do not appear to demonstrate the same site-specific genomic integration as wild-type viruses. Elucidation of the mechanism of site-specific integration should prove useful in the development of safe vectors for gene transfer as well as provide insight into the nature of DNA recombination in humans. JF - Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine (New York, N.Y.) AU - Walsh, C E AU - Liu, J M AU - Miller, J L AU - Nienhuis, A W AU - Samulski, R J AD - Clinical Hematology Branch, NHLBI/NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892. Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - December 1993 SP - 289 EP - 300 VL - 204 IS - 3 SN - 0037-9727, 0037-9727 KW - RNA, Messenger KW - 0 KW - Globins KW - 9004-22-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Gene Transfer Techniques KW - Humans KW - Genetic Vectors KW - Transduction, Genetic KW - Recombination, Genetic KW - Dependovirus -- genetics KW - Gene Expression Regulation KW - Retroviridae -- genetics KW - RNA, Messenger -- genetics KW - Globins -- genetics KW - Genetic Therapy -- methods KW - Hemoglobinopathies -- therapy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76065835?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Society+for+Experimental+Biology+and+Medicine.+Society+for+Experimental+Biology+and+Medicine+%28New+York%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.atitle=Gene+therapy+for+human+hemoglobinopathies.&rft.au=Walsh%2C+C+E%3BLiu%2C+J+M%3BMiller%2C+J+L%3BNienhuis%2C+A+W%3BSamulski%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Walsh&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=204&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=289&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Society+for+Experimental+Biology+and+Medicine.+Society+for+Experimental+Biology+and+Medicine+%28New+York%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.issn=00379727&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-12-22 N1 - Date created - 1993-12-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hepatic stem cell compartment: activation and lineage commitment. AN - 76057178; 7694304 JF - Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine (New York, N.Y.) AU - Thorgeirsson, S S AU - Evarts, R P AU - Bisgaard, H C AU - Fujio, K AU - Hu, Z AD - Laboratory of Experimental Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892. Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - December 1993 SP - 253 EP - 260 VL - 204 IS - 3 SN - 0037-9727, 0037-9727 KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal KW - 0 KW - Desmin KW - Growth Substances KW - RNA, Messenger KW - alpha-Fetoproteins KW - Keratins KW - 68238-35-7 KW - 2-Acetylaminofluorene KW - 9M98QLJ2DL KW - gamma-Glutamyltransferase KW - EC 2.3.2.2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Keratins -- metabolism KW - Animals KW - 2-Acetylaminofluorene -- toxicity KW - gamma-Glutamyltransferase -- metabolism KW - Gene Expression KW - Desmin -- metabolism KW - RNA, Messenger -- genetics KW - Rats KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Hepatectomy KW - alpha-Fetoproteins -- genetics KW - Male KW - Liver -- cytology KW - Stem Cells -- cytology KW - Liver Regeneration KW - Growth Substances -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76057178?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Society+for+Experimental+Biology+and+Medicine.+Society+for+Experimental+Biology+and+Medicine+%28New+York%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.atitle=Hepatic+stem+cell+compartment%3A+activation+and+lineage+commitment.&rft.au=Thorgeirsson%2C+S+S%3BEvarts%2C+R+P%3BBisgaard%2C+H+C%3BFujio%2C+K%3BHu%2C+Z&rft.aulast=Thorgeirsson&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=204&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=253&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Society+for+Experimental+Biology+and+Medicine.+Society+for+Experimental+Biology+and+Medicine+%28New+York%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.issn=00379727&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-12-22 N1 - Date created - 1993-12-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Positron emission tomographic imaging of cardiac sympathetic innervation using 6-[18F]fluorodopamine: initial findings in humans. AN - 76053466; 8245356 AB - This study evaluated the safety, efficacy and validity of 6-[18F]fluorodopamine positron emission tomographic scanning of cardiac sympathetic innervation and function in humans. Positron emission tomography (PET) scans, arterial blood and urine were obtained after a 3-min intravenous infusion of 6-[18F]fluorodopamine (1 to 4 mCi, 188 to 809 mCi/mmol) in healthy volunteers, with or without pretreatment with oral desipramine to inhibit neuronal uptake of catecholamines. 6-[18F]Fluorodopamine PET scanning visualized the left ventricular myocardium. Blood pressure increased slightly and transiently. The estimated absorbed radiation dose to the main target organ, the wall of the urinary bladder, was 0.8 to 1.0 rad/mCi of injected 6-[18F]fluorodopamine. By 24 h after the injection, the main 6F-compound in urine was 6F-vanillymandelic acid, a metabolite of 6F-norepinephrine. Desipramine attenuated accumulation of myocardial 6-[18F]fluorodopamine-derived radioactivity and plasma 6F-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid. 6-[18F]Fluorodopamine produces negligible hemodynamic effects and acceptable radiation exposure at doses that visualize the left ventricular myocardium. Sympathetic nerves take up 6-[18F]fluorodopamine, which is translocated from the axoplasm into storage vesicles, where is it beta-hydroxylated to the fluorinated analogue of the sympathetic neurotransmitter norepinephrine. Therefore, the basis for visualization of myocardium after 6-[18F]fluorodopamine injection in humans is radiolabeling by 6-[18F]fluorodopamine and 6-[18F]fluoronorepinephrine of vesicles in sympathetic terminals. 6-[18F]Fluorodopamine PET scanning provides a novel means for assessing sympathetic innervation and function noninvasively in the human heart. JF - Journal of the American College of Cardiology AU - Goldstein, D S AU - Eisenhofer, G AU - Dunn, B B AU - Armando, I AU - Lenders, J AU - Grossman, E AU - Holmes, C AU - Kirk, K L AU - Bacharach, S AU - Adams, R AD - Clinical Neuroscience Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892. Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - December 1993 SP - 1961 EP - 1971 VL - 22 IS - 7 SN - 0735-1097, 0735-1097 KW - Drugs, Investigational KW - 0 KW - Fluorine Radioisotopes KW - 6-fluorodopamine KW - 59043-70-8 KW - Desipramine KW - TG537D343B KW - Dopamine KW - VTD58H1Z2X KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Hemodynamics -- drug effects KW - Radiation Dosage KW - Desipramine -- pharmacology KW - Humans KW - Premedication KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Urinary Bladder -- radiation effects KW - Male KW - Dopamine -- analogs & derivatives KW - Heart -- innervation KW - Heart -- diagnostic imaging KW - Tomography, Emission-Computed KW - Sympathetic Nervous System -- diagnostic imaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76053466?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+College+of+Cardiology&rft.atitle=Positron+emission+tomographic+imaging+of+cardiac+sympathetic+innervation+using+6-%5B18F%5Dfluorodopamine%3A+initial+findings+in+humans.&rft.au=Goldstein%2C+D+S%3BEisenhofer%2C+G%3BDunn%2C+B+B%3BArmando%2C+I%3BLenders%2C+J%3BGrossman%2C+E%3BHolmes%2C+C%3BKirk%2C+K+L%3BBacharach%2C+S%3BAdams%2C+R&rft.aulast=Goldstein&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1961&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+College+of+Cardiology&rft.issn=07351097&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-12-28 N1 - Date created - 1993-12-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rescue of an influenza A virus wild-type PB2 gene and a mutant derivative bearing a site-specific temperature-sensitive and attenuating mutation. AN - 76048146; 8230444 AB - Live attenuated influenza A virus vaccines are currently produced by the transfer of attenuating genes from a donor virus to new epidemic variants of influenza A virus, with the selection of reassortant viruses that possess the protective antigens (i.e., the two surface glycoproteins) of the epidemic virus and the attenuating genes from the donor virus. The previously studied attenuated donor viruses were produced by conventional methods such as passage of virus at low temperature or chemical mutagenesis. The present paper describes a new strategy for the generation of a donor virus bearing an attenuating, non-surface-glycoprotein gene. This strategy involves the introduction of attenuating mutations into the cDNA copy of the PB2 polymerase gene by site-directed mutagenesis, transfection of in vitro RNA transcripts of PB2 cDNA, and recovery of the transfected PB2 gene into an infectious virus. An avian-human influenza A virus PB2 single-gene reassortant virus (with an avian influenza A virus PB2 gene) that replicates efficiently in avian tissue but poorly in mammalian cells was used as a helper virus to rescue a transfected synthetic RNA derived from a human influenza A virus PB2 gene. The desired human influenza A virus mutant PB2 transfectant was favored in this situation because the avian influenza A virus PB2 gene restricts viral replication in mammalian cells in culture, the system used for rescue, thereby providing strong selection for the virus bearing the human influenza A virus PB2 gene. We validated the feasibility of this approach by rescuing the PB2 gene of the wild-type influenza A/Ann Arbor/6/60 virus and a mutant derivative that had a single amino acid substitution introduced at position 265 by site-directed mutagenesis. Previously, this amino acid substitution had been shown to specify both a temperature-sensitive (ts) and an attenuation (att) phenotype. The rescued mutant 265 PB2 transfectant virus exhibited the ts and att phenotypes, which confirms that these phenotypes were specified by this single amino acid substitution. The transfectant virus was immunogenic and protected hamsters from subsequent challenge with wild-type virus. The cDNA copy of this influenza A/Ann Arbor/6/60 virus mutant 265 PB2 gene will be used as a substrate for the introduction of additional attenuating mutations by site-directed mutagenesis. JF - Journal of virology AU - Subbarao, E K AU - Kawaoka, Y AU - Murphy, B R AD - Respiratory Viruses Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland 20892. Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - December 1993 SP - 7223 EP - 7228 VL - 67 IS - 12 SN - 0022-538X, 0022-538X KW - Antibodies, Viral KW - 0 KW - PB2 protein, Influenzavirus A KW - Vaccines, Attenuated KW - Vaccines, Synthetic KW - Viral Proteins KW - RNA Replicase KW - EC 2.7.7.48 KW - Index Medicus KW - Virus Replication KW - Antibodies, Viral -- blood KW - Animals KW - Base Sequence KW - Transfection KW - Respiratory System -- microbiology KW - Recombination, Genetic KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Cricetinae KW - Viral Proteins -- genetics KW - Influenza A virus -- growth & development KW - Genes, Viral KW - Influenza A virus -- genetics KW - Mutation KW - Immunization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76048146?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+virology&rft.atitle=Rescue+of+an+influenza+A+virus+wild-type+PB2+gene+and+a+mutant+derivative+bearing+a+site-specific+temperature-sensitive+and+attenuating+mutation.&rft.au=Subbarao%2C+E+K%3BKawaoka%2C+Y%3BMurphy%2C+B+R&rft.aulast=Subbarao&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=7223&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+virology&rft.issn=0022538X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-12-21 N1 - Date created - 1993-12-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Virology. 1981 Jul 30;112(2):505-17 [7257183] J Virol. 1991 May;65(5):2711-3 [2016777] Infect Immun. 1982 Sep;37(3):1119-26 [7129631] J Virol. 1987 Sep;61(9):2857-63 [2441080] J Virol. 1988 Feb;62(2):488-95 [3336068] Virology. 1988 Dec;167(2):554-67 [2974219] J Virol. 1989 Dec;63(12):5142-52 [2585601] Cell. 1989 Dec 22;59(6):1107-13 [2598262] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 May;87(10):3802-5 [2339122] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Jun 15;88(12):5177-81 [2052599] J Virol. 1992 Jan;66(1):399-404 [1370088] J Clin Microbiol. 1992 Mar;30(3):655-62 [1551982] J Virol. 1992 Aug;66(8):4647-53 [1378505] Virology. 1992 Nov;191(1):506-10 [1413525] J Virol. 1993 Apr;67(4):1761-4 [8445709] J Biochem Biophys Methods. 1981 Oct;5(4):219-28 [6171588] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In vivo control of NF-kappa B activation by I kappa B alpha. AN - 76027380; 8223478 AB - The transcription factor NF-kappa B is stored in the cytoplasm in complexes with the inhibitor protein I kappa B alpha. It has been shown in vitro that dissociation of I kappa B alpha from these complexes results in active NF-kappa B. In this report we show that lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced activation of B or pre-B cells results in loss of I kappa B alpha from NF-kappa B complexes in vivo. Many liberated NF-kappa B dimers reached the nucleus, where increased c-rel, p65 and p50 were detected by immunoblotting and by DNA binding assays. Some liberated dimers were retained in the cytoplasm, however, through binding to newly synthesized I kappa B alpha, a finding which strongly suggests (i) that the LPS-induced signal causes dissociation of complexes rather than preventing their association and (ii) that dissociation results from modification of I kappa B alpha and not of c-rel or p65. No effect of LPS treatment was detected on p105 or p100, which also retain rel family members in the cytoplasm. Quite unexpectedly, we also found that in unstimulated cells there is a constant ongoing process of degradation and replacement of complexed I kappa B alpha. We propose that this turnover results in the low level of active NF-kappa B presumably necessary even in the unstimulated cell, and that the high rate of synthesis of I kappa B alpha provides the ability to turn off NF-kappa B activity rapidly as soon as the activating signal ceases. JF - The EMBO journal AU - Rice, N R AU - Ernst, M K AD - Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Carcinogenesis, NCI-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, Frederick, MD 21702-1201. Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - December 1993 SP - 4685 EP - 4695 VL - 12 IS - 12 SN - 0261-4189, 0261-4189 KW - DNA-Binding Proteins KW - 0 KW - I-kappa B Proteins KW - Lipopolysaccharides KW - NF-kappa B KW - NFKBIA protein, human KW - Nfkbia protein, mouse KW - Proto-Oncogene Proteins KW - Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-rel KW - NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha KW - 139874-52-5 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Immunoblotting KW - DNA -- metabolism KW - Humans KW - Lipopolysaccharides -- pharmacology KW - Proto-Oncogene Proteins -- metabolism KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Mice KW - B-Lymphocytes -- metabolism KW - Base Sequence KW - Half-Life KW - Transfection KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Cell Line KW - NF-kappa B -- metabolism KW - DNA-Binding Proteins -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76027380?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+EMBO+journal&rft.atitle=In+vivo+control+of+NF-kappa+B+activation+by+I+kappa+B+alpha.&rft.au=Rice%2C+N+R%3BErnst%2C+M+K&rft.aulast=Rice&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=4685&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+EMBO+journal&rft.issn=02614189&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-12-21 N1 - Date created - 1993-12-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Virol. 1992 Jun;66(6):3758-67 [1533881] Mol Cell Biol. 1992 Feb;12(2):444-54 [1732726] Nature. 1992 Aug 13;358(6387):597-9 [1501714] Genes Dev. 1992 Oct;6(10):1899-913 [1340770] Cell. 1992 Oct 16;71(2):243-53 [1423592] EMBO J. 1993 Jan;12(1):201-11 [7679069] Int Rev Cytol. 1993;143:1-62 [8449662] Science. 1993 Mar 26;259(5103):1912-5 [8096091] Genes Dev. 1993 Apr;7(4):705-18 [8458581] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 Mar 15;90(6):2532-6 [8460169] Mol Cell Biol. 1993 Jun;13(6):3301-10 [8497253] J Biol Chem. 1993 Jun 5;268(16):11803-10 [8505309] Genes Dev. 1993 Jul;7(7A):1266-76 [8319912] Cell. 1990 Sep 7;62(5):1007-18 [2203531] Cell. 1990 Sep 7;62(5):1019-29 [2203532] J Biol Chem. 1990 Sep 5;265(25):15183-8 [2168404] Mol Cell Biol. 1990 Oct;10(10):5473-85 [2204816] Biochemistry. 1979 Feb 20;18(4):690-3 [84683] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Jan;83(2):295-8 [3079910] Cell. 1986 Aug 29;46(5):705-16 [3091258] Cell. 1986 Dec 26;47(6):921-8 [3096580] Cell. 1988 Apr 22;53(2):211-7 [3129195] Mol Cell Biol. 1989 Jun;9(6):2424-30 [2548081] Genes Dev. 1989 Nov;3(11):1689-98 [2691328] Mol Cell Biol. 1990 May;10(5):2327-34 [2183031] Nature. 1990 Apr 12;344(6267):678-82 [2157987] Cell. 1990 Apr 20;61(2):255-65 [2184941] Mol Cell Biol. 1992 Feb;12(2):674-84 [1732739] Mol Cell Biol. 1992 Feb;12(2):685-95 [1531086] EMBO J. 1992 Jan;11(1):195-203 [1740105] EMBO J. 1992 Jan;11(1):205-13 [1740106] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Mar 1;89(5):1529-33 [1542644] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Mar 1;89(5):1875-9 [1542686] Genes Dev. 1992 May;6(5):745-60 [1577270] Genes Dev. 1992 May;6(5):775-87 [1577272] Cell. 1990 Nov 16;63(4):803-14 [2225078] Nature. 1990 Nov 1;348(6296):76-80 [2234062] Mol Cell Biol. 1991 Jan;11(1):259-66 [1986224] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Feb 1;88(3):966-70 [1992489] Oncogene. 1990 Dec;5(12):1843-50 [2284104] Cell. 1991 Mar 8;64(5):961-9 [2001591] Science. 1991 Mar 22;251(5000):1490-3 [2006423] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 May 1;88(9):3715-9 [2023921] Oncogene. 1991 Apr;6(4):615-26 [1851550] EMBO J. 1991 Jul;10(7):1817-25 [2050119] Cell. 1991 Jun 28;65(7):1281-9 [1829648] Genes Dev. 1991 Aug;5(8):1464-76 [1907941] Nature. 1991 Aug 22;352(6337):733-6 [1876189] Science. 1991 Sep 13;253(5025):1268-71 [1891714] EMBO J. 1991 Dec;10(12):3805-17 [1935902] Nature. 1991 Dec 5;354(6352):395-8 [1956402] Cell. 1991 Dec 20;67(6):1075-87 [1760839] Oncogene. 1991 Dec;6(12):2203-10 [1766669] Mol Cell Biol. 1992 Jun;12(6):2898-908 [1588976] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cell proliferation and chemical carcinogenesis: symposium overview. AN - 21251144; 11703189 AB - Cancer, by definition, is a proliferative disease. The fundamental scientific issue explored at the international symposium "Cell Proliferation and Chemical Carcinogenesis" was the impact of chemically enhanced cell proliferation on the dynamic carcinogenic processes. This conference, held at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences January 14-16, 1992, provided an open forum for the exchange of new results, information, and ideas in four areas: a) general principles of cell division and carcinogenesis, b) critical evaluation of cell proliferation methodologies, c) cell proliferation and modeling of organ-specific carcinogenesis, and d) cell proliferation and human carcinogenesis. This overview summarizes key findings from that symposium. The general view expressed was that although cell proliferation is involved inextricably in the development of cancers, chemically enhanced cell division does not reliably predict carcinogenicity. Our knowledge of the multistep nature of carcinogenesis has advanced substantially during recent years; however, much still needs to be learned. A greater understanding of the cellular and molecular events in chemical carcinogenesis should improve all aspects of the overall risk assessment process, including extrapolations based on dose, species, and interindividual differences. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Melnick, R L AU - Huff, J AU - Barrett, J C AU - Maronpot, R R AU - Lucier, G AU - Portier, C J AD - National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709. Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - Dec 1993 SP - 3 EP - 7 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 101 IS - Suppl 5 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Risk Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Conferences KW - Carcinogenicity KW - Carcinogenesis KW - Environmental health KW - Cancer KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21251144?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Cell+proliferation+and+chemical+carcinogenesis%3A+symposium+overview.&rft.au=Melnick%2C+R+L%3BHuff%2C+J%3BBarrett%2C+J+C%3BMaronpot%2C+R+R%3BLucier%2C+G%3BPortier%2C+C+J&rft.aulast=Melnick&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=Suppl+5&rft.spage=3&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Risk assessment; Conferences; Carcinogenicity; Carcinogenesis; Environmental health; Cancer ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antineoplastic drug resistance and breast cancer. AN - 76148716; 7904140 JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Morrow, C S AU - Cowan, K H AD - Medical Breast Cancer Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892. Y1 - 1993/11/30/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Nov 30 SP - 289 EP - 312 VL - 698 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Alkylating Agents KW - 0 KW - Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic KW - Antineoplastic Agents KW - Carrier Proteins KW - Membrane Glycoproteins KW - P-Glycoprotein KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System KW - 9035-51-2 KW - Mixed Function Oxygenases KW - EC 1.- KW - Glutathione Transferase KW - EC 2.5.1.18 KW - DNA Topoisomerases, Type I KW - EC 5.99.1.2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Alkylating Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Mixed Function Oxygenases -- metabolism KW - Humans KW - Glutathione Transferase -- metabolism KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System -- metabolism KW - Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic -- therapeutic use KW - Female KW - DNA Topoisomerases, Type I -- metabolism KW - Breast Neoplasms -- drug therapy KW - Drug Resistance -- physiology KW - Carrier Proteins -- metabolism KW - Antineoplastic Agents -- metabolism KW - Breast Neoplasms -- metabolism KW - Antineoplastic Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Membrane Glycoproteins -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76148716?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Antineoplastic+drug+resistance+and+breast+cancer.&rft.au=Morrow%2C+C+S%3BCowan%2C+K+H&rft.aulast=Morrow&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1993-11-30&rft.volume=698&rft.issue=&rft.spage=289&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-02-04 N1 - Date created - 1994-02-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Generation of a plasmid vector for deletion cloning by rapid multiple site-directed mutagenesis. AN - 76108326; 8244035 AB - The construction of a new plasmid vector, devoid of all MboI (GATC) and TspEI (AATT) restriction sites, is described. The lack of these two frequent-cutting restriction sites is a unique feature among plasmids. This new plasmid, pBRkanf1-, allows selective fragmentation of a cloned insert. As a result, the vector offers an alternative strategy to create overlapping and sequentially deleted subclones. In addition, the construction of the new plasmid required the development of a rapid and accurate multiple site-directed mutagenesis procedure. The mutagenesis method uses a combination of DNA amplification and chain extension by DNA polymerase. By this method, mutations are created progressively from one end of a DNA molecule to the other. JF - Gene AU - Bhat, K S AD - National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT 59840. Y1 - 1993/11/30/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Nov 30 SP - 83 EP - 87 VL - 134 IS - 1 SN - 0378-1119, 0378-1119 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - endodeoxyribonuclease TspEI KW - EC 3.1.21.- KW - Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific KW - EC 3.1.21.4 KW - GATC-specific type II deoxyribonucleases KW - Index Medicus KW - Base Sequence KW - Genetic Vectors KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Cloning, Molecular -- methods KW - Plasmids KW - Sequence Deletion UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76108326?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gene&rft.atitle=Generation+of+a+plasmid+vector+for+deletion+cloning+by+rapid+multiple+site-directed+mutagenesis.&rft.au=Bhat%2C+K+S&rft.aulast=Bhat&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1993-11-30&rft.volume=134&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=83&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Gene&rft.issn=03781119&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-01-05 N1 - Date created - 1994-01-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Facilitation of cocaine kindling by glucocorticoids in rats. AN - 76173285; 8287272 AB - We report that glucocorticoids significantly facilitated the development of cocaine-induced kindled seizures. These results suggest that glucocorticoids may have effects on the development of kindled seizures which are similar to those of the neuropeptide, corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), with which they show a close functional relationship. These results may be of interest in the light of data showing that glucocorticoids increase CRH expression in the central nucleus of the amygdala, which is an important site for the development of kindling. JF - Brain research AU - Kling, M A AU - Smith, M A AU - Glowa, J R AU - Pluznik, D AU - Demas, J AU - DeBellis, M D AU - Gold, P W AU - Schulkin, J AD - Clinical Neuroendocrinology Branch, NIMH, Bethesda, MD 20892. Y1 - 1993/11/26/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Nov 26 SP - 163 EP - 166 VL - 629 IS - 1 SN - 0006-8993, 0006-8993 KW - Dexamethasone KW - 7S5I7G3JQL KW - Cocaine KW - I5Y540LHVR KW - Corticosterone KW - W980KJ009P KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Stereotyped Behavior -- drug effects KW - Motor Activity -- drug effects KW - Drug Synergism KW - Male KW - Seizures -- chemically induced KW - Dexamethasone -- toxicity KW - Kindling, Neurologic -- drug effects KW - Seizures -- physiopathology KW - Cocaine -- toxicity KW - Corticosterone -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76173285?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brain+research&rft.atitle=Facilitation+of+cocaine+kindling+by+glucocorticoids+in+rats.&rft.au=Kling%2C+M+A%3BSmith%2C+M+A%3BGlowa%2C+J+R%3BPluznik%2C+D%3BDemas%2C+J%3BDeBellis%2C+M+D%3BGold%2C+P+W%3BSchulkin%2C+J&rft.aulast=Kling&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-11-26&rft.volume=629&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=163&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Brain+research&rft.issn=00068993&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-02-23 N1 - Date created - 1994-02-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - SpoU protein of Escherichia coli belongs to a new family of putative rRNA methylases. AN - 20181162; 8745836 JF - Nucleic Acids Research AU - Koonin, E V AU - Rudd, K E AD - National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894. Y1 - 1993/11/25/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Nov 25 SP - 5519 PB - Oxford University Press, Oxford Journals, Great Clarendon Street VL - 21 IS - 23 SN - 0305-1048, 0305-1048 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids KW - rRNA KW - Methylase KW - Escherichia coli KW - J 02310:Genetics & Taxonomy KW - N 14830:RNA UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20181162?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nucleic+Acids+Research&rft.atitle=SpoU+protein+of+Escherichia+coli+belongs+to+a+new+family+of+putative+rRNA+methylases.&rft.au=Koonin%2C+E+V%3BRudd%2C+K+E&rft.aulast=Koonin&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1993-11-25&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=23&rft.spage=5519&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nucleic+Acids+Research&rft.issn=03051048&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - rRNA; Methylase; Escherichia coli ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of N6-cyclopentyl adenosine and 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine on N-methyl-D-aspartate induced seizures in mice. AN - 76172014; 8287913 AB - The effect of the adenosine A1 receptor agonist N6-cyclopentyladenosine (CPA) and antagonist 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (CPX) on N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-evoked seizures was studied in C57BL/6 mice (20/group). Animals were injected i.p. either with CPA (0.5, 1, 2 mg/kg) or CPX (1, 2 mg/kg) 15 min prior to administration of NMDA (30, 60, 125 mg/kg). Administration of NMDA alone resulted in a complete locomotor arrest at 30 mg/kg, while clonic/tonic seizures and progressively increasing mortality were seen at higher doses. Prior administration of CPA resulted either in a delay of seizure onset and unchanged mortality (0.5 mg/kg CPA, 60 mg/kg NMDA) or in elimination of tonic episodes and a significant reduction in postictal mortality (1, 2 mg/kg CPA; 60, 125 mg/kg NMDA). Pretreatment with CPX at either 1 or 2 mg/kg eliminated locomotor depression in animals injected with NMDA at 30 mg/kg. At 60 mg/kg NMDA, the effect of CPX administration resulted in mortality equivalent to that seen with 125 mg/kg NMDA administered alone. The results indicate that A1 receptor agonists may protect against NMDA-evoked seizures and that the adenosine A1 receptor may be directly involved in these actions. JF - European journal of pharmacology AU - Von Lubitz, D K AU - Paul, I A AU - Carter, M AU - Jacobson, K A AD - Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, NIH/NIDDK, Bethesda, MD 20892. Y1 - 1993/11/16/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Nov 16 SP - 265 EP - 270 VL - 249 IS - 3 SN - 0014-2999, 0014-2999 KW - Xanthines KW - 0 KW - N(6)-cyclopentyladenosine KW - 41552-82-3 KW - N-Methylaspartate KW - 6384-92-5 KW - 1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine KW - 9PTP4FOI9E KW - Adenosine KW - K72T3FS567 KW - Index Medicus KW - Injections, Intraperitoneal KW - Animals KW - Drug Interactions KW - Survival Rate KW - Temperature KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Mice KW - Male KW - Seizures -- chemically induced KW - Adenosine -- pharmacology KW - Seizures -- mortality KW - Adenosine -- administration & dosage KW - Xanthines -- administration & dosage KW - Adenosine -- analogs & derivatives KW - N-Methylaspartate -- toxicity KW - Motor Activity -- drug effects KW - Seizures -- prevention & control KW - Xanthines -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76172014?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+journal+of+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+N6-cyclopentyl+adenosine+and+8-cyclopentyl-1%2C3-dipropylxanthine+on+N-methyl-D-aspartate+induced+seizures+in+mice.&rft.au=Von+Lubitz%2C+D+K%3BPaul%2C+I+A%3BCarter%2C+M%3BJacobson%2C+K+A&rft.aulast=Von+Lubitz&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-11-16&rft.volume=249&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=265&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=European+journal+of+pharmacology&rft.issn=00142999&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-02-24 N1 - Date created - 1994-02-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Transformation of NIH3T3 cells with ras oncogenes abrogates the retinoic acid induction of tissue transglutaminase. AN - 76087134; 7504461 AB - Retinoic acid greatly increases enzyme activity and mRNA expression of the tissue-type transglutaminase enzyme in NIH3T3 cells. This response is blocked in cells transformed with activated H-ras, K-ras or N-ras oncogenes, but not in pSVneo vector transfected cells. Lack of induction by RA of the tissue-type TGase in these ras-transformed fibroblasts suggests intersecting pathways between retinoid action and the ras oncogene. JF - Biochemical and biophysical research communications AU - Kosa, K AU - Meyers, K AU - De Luca, L M AD - Laboratory of Cellular Carcinogenesis and Tumor Promotion, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892. Y1 - 1993/11/15/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Nov 15 SP - 1025 EP - 1033 VL - 196 IS - 3 SN - 0006-291X, 0006-291X KW - HOX2 KW - K-ras KW - N-ras KW - ras KW - RNA, Messenger KW - 0 KW - Poly A KW - 24937-83-5 KW - Tretinoin KW - 5688UTC01R KW - RNA KW - 63231-63-0 KW - Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases KW - EC 1.2.1.- KW - Transglutaminases KW - EC 2.3.2.13 KW - Index Medicus KW - 3T3 Cells KW - Animals KW - Blotting, Northern KW - Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases -- biosynthesis KW - RNA, Messenger -- analysis KW - Gene Expression KW - Transcription, Genetic KW - RNA -- analysis KW - Mice KW - RNA, Messenger -- biosynthesis KW - Cloning, Molecular KW - Kirsten murine sarcoma virus KW - Poly A -- analysis KW - Transfection KW - Genetic Vectors KW - Kinetics KW - Enzyme Induction KW - Time Factors KW - Genes, ras KW - Tretinoin -- pharmacology KW - Transglutaminases -- biosynthesis KW - Cell Transformation, Neoplastic UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76087134?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemical+and+biophysical+research+communications&rft.atitle=Transformation+of+NIH3T3+cells+with+ras+oncogenes+abrogates+the+retinoic+acid+induction+of+tissue+transglutaminase.&rft.au=Kosa%2C+K%3BMeyers%2C+K%3BDe+Luca%2C+L+M&rft.aulast=Kosa&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1993-11-15&rft.volume=196&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1025&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biochemical+and+biophysical+research+communications&rft.issn=0006291X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-01-04 N1 - Date created - 1994-01-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Gene symbol - HOX2; K-ras; N-ras; ras N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Giant multilevel cation channels formed by Alzheimer disease amyloid beta-protein [A beta P-(1-40)] in bilayer membranes. AN - 76082088; 7504270 AB - We have recently shown that the Alzheimer disease 40-residue amyloid beta-protein [A beta P-(1-40)] can form cation-selective channels when incorporated into planar lipid bilayers by fusion of liposomes containing the peptide. Since A beta P-(1-40) comprises portions of the putative extracellular and membrane-spanning domains of the amyloid precursor protein (APP751), we suggested that the channel-forming property could be the underlying cause of amyloid neurotoxicity. The peptide has been proposed to occur in vivo in both membrane-bound and soluble forms, and we now report that soluble A beta P-(1-40) can also form similar channels in solvent-free lipid bilayers formed at the tip of a patch pipet, as well as in the planar lipid bilayer system. As in the case of liposome-mediated incorporation, the amyloid channel activity in the patch pipet exhibits multiple conductance levels between 40 and 400 pS, cation selectivity, and sensitivity to tromethamine (Tris). Further studies with A beta P channels incorporated into planar lipid bilayers from the liposome complex have also revealed that the channel activity can express spontaneous transitions to a much higher range of conductances between 400 and 4000 pS. Under these conditions, the amyloid channel continues to be cation selective. Amyloid channels were insensitive to nitrendipine at either conductance range. We calculate that if such channels were expressed in cells, the ensuing ion fluxes down their electrochemical potential gradients would be homeostatically dissipative. We therefore interpret these data as providing further support for the concept that cell death in Alzheimer disease may be due to amyloid ion-channel activity. JF - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America AU - Arispe, N AU - Pollard, H B AU - Rojas, E AD - Laboratory of Cell Biology and Genetics, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892. Y1 - 1993/11/15/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Nov 15 SP - 10573 EP - 10577 VL - 90 IS - 22 SN - 0027-8424, 0027-8424 KW - Amyloid beta-Peptides KW - 0 KW - Cations KW - Ion Channels KW - Lipid Bilayers KW - Membrane Lipids KW - Membranes, Artificial KW - Nitrendipine KW - 9B627AW319 KW - Index Medicus KW - Membrane Lipids -- chemistry KW - Nitrendipine -- pharmacology KW - Ion Channel Gating KW - Electric Conductivity KW - In Vitro Techniques KW - Membrane Potentials KW - Lipid Bilayers -- chemistry KW - Ion Channels -- chemistry KW - Amyloid beta-Peptides -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76082088?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+of+the+United+States+of+America&rft.atitle=Giant+multilevel+cation+channels+formed+by+Alzheimer+disease+amyloid+beta-protein+%5BA+beta+P-%281-40%29%5D+in+bilayer+membranes.&rft.au=Arispe%2C+N%3BPollard%2C+H+B%3BRojas%2C+E&rft.aulast=Arispe&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1993-11-15&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=22&rft.spage=10573&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+of+the+United+States+of+America&rft.issn=00278424&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-12-29 N1 - Date created - 1993-12-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Nature. 1966 Jan 1;209(5018):109-10 [5927229] J Neurosci. 1993 Apr;13(4):1676-87 [8463843] Science. 1986 Jul 11;233(4760):184-90 [2425429] Science. 1987 Feb 20;235(4791):877-80 [3810169] Science. 1987 Feb 20;235(4791):880-4 [2949367] FEBS Lett. 1987 Jun 8;217(1):25-31 [2954851] EMBO J. 1988 Apr;7(4):949-57 [2900137] Brain Res. 1988 Nov 22;474(1):100-11 [3214703] Science. 1990 Oct 12;250(4978):279-82 [2218531] Prog Brain Res. 1990;86:257-67 [2150887] J Biol Chem. 1992 Jan 5;267(1):546-54 [1730616] Brain Res. 1991 Nov 1;563(1-2):311-4 [1786545] Science. 1992 Apr 10;256(5054):184-5 [1566067] J Mol Biol. 1992 Jun 20;225(4):1075-93 [1613791] Nature. 1992 Sep 24;359(6393):322-5 [1383826] Nature. 1992 Sep 24;359(6393):325-7 [1406936] Neurobiol Aging. 1992 Sep-Oct;13(5):537-42 [1461341] Neurobiol Aging. 1992 Sep-Oct;13(5):543-51 [1461342] Neurobiol Aging. 1992 Sep-Oct;13(5):615-6 [1461352] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 Jan 15;90(2):567-71 [8380642] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 Mar 1;90(5):2092-6 [8446635] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Jun;82(12):4245-9 [3159021] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Base selection, proofreading, and mismatch repair during DNA replication in Escherichia coli. AN - 76047148; 8226906 AB - The accuracy by which organisms duplicate their DNA is of considerable interest. At least three mechanisms operate, serially, to secure high fidelity: base selection, exonucleolytic proofreading, and postreplicative mismatch correction. To obtain insights into the efficiency and specificity of these steps in the bacterium Escherichia coli, we have performed DNA sequence analysis of mutations occurring in the bacterial lacI gene in a series of strains genetically disabled in one or more of these error avoidance pathways. The base selection efficiency was estimated from mutagenesis occurring in a mutDmutL strain, which is deficient in both proofreading (mutD5) and mismatch repair (mutL). The proofreading efficiency was derived comparing the mutD5 mutL strain to the mismatch repair-deficient mutL strain. The efficiency of mismatch repair was derived comparing the mutL strain to the wild-type strain. The results show that base selection discriminates against errors by 200,000-2,000,000-fold, proofreading by 40-200-fold, and mismatch repair by 20-400-fold, each depending on the type of error. Base selection and proofreading act more strongly against transversions than transitions, whereas mismatch repair does the opposite. The data are based on 866 sequenced lacI mutations in a target that allows the scoring of at least 127 different mutations in 76 distinct DNA sequence contexts in vivo. They may therefore have general significance. JF - The Journal of biological chemistry AU - Schaaper, R M AD - Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709. Y1 - 1993/11/15/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Nov 15 SP - 23762 EP - 23765 VL - 268 IS - 32 SN - 0021-9258, 0021-9258 KW - lacI KW - mutD KW - mutL KW - DNA, Bacterial KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Base Sequence KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Mutation KW - DNA Repair KW - Base Composition KW - DNA, Bacterial -- genetics KW - DNA, Bacterial -- biosynthesis KW - Escherichia coli -- genetics KW - DNA Replication UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76047148?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.atitle=Base+selection%2C+proofreading%2C+and+mismatch+repair+during+DNA+replication+in+Escherichia+coli.&rft.au=Schaaper%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=Schaaper&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-11-15&rft.volume=268&rft.issue=32&rft.spage=23762&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.issn=00219258&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-12-13 N1 - Date created - 1993-12-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Gene symbol - lacI; mutD; mutL N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Increased palmitoylation of the Gs protein alpha subunit after activation by the beta-adrenergic receptor or cholera toxin. AN - 76045684; 8226908 AB - The alpha subunit of the heterotrimeric Gs protein that couples the beta-adrenergic receptor to adenylyl cyclase undergoes post-translational palmitoylation. We examined the dynamics of this modification of alpha s by metabolic labeling of COS and S49 lymphoma cells under different conditions. The endogenous alpha s proteins were immunoprecipitated with a peptide-specific antibody, separated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and analyzed by fluorography and densitometry. A pulse-chase study of COS cells incubated with [3H]palmitate or [35S]methionine showed that for alpha s the palmitate turnover (t1/2 approximately 50 min) was significantly faster than the protein degradation. Treatment of cells with 10 microM isoproterenol, a beta-adrenergic receptor agonist, in the presence of [3H]palmitate led to a rapid 4-10-fold increase in the palmitoylation of alpha s. This increase in palmitoylation was concentration-dependent (EC50 approximately 0.9 microM) and blocked by the antagonist propranolol. The mutant alpha s proteins in the unc and H21a S49 cell lines did not show an increase in [3H]palmitate incorporation with isoproterenol treatment. Cholera toxin treatment of COS cells increased the [3H]palmitate incorporation into the alpha s subunits. These data indicate that palmitoylation of the alpha s subunit is dynamic and regulated by activation of the alpha s subunit. JF - The Journal of biological chemistry AU - Degtyarev, M Y AU - Spiegel, A M AU - Jones, T L AD - Molecular Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892. Y1 - 1993/11/15/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Nov 15 SP - 23769 EP - 23772 VL - 268 IS - 32 SN - 0021-9258, 0021-9258 KW - Palmitic Acids KW - 0 KW - Receptors, Adrenergic, beta KW - Palmitic Acid KW - 2V16EO95H1 KW - Cholera Toxin KW - 9012-63-9 KW - GTP-Binding Proteins KW - EC 3.6.1.- KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Protein Processing, Post-Translational KW - Mutation KW - Lymphoma KW - Haplorhini KW - Receptors, Adrenergic, beta -- metabolism KW - Palmitic Acids -- metabolism KW - GTP-Binding Proteins -- metabolism KW - Cholera Toxin -- pharmacology KW - Receptors, Adrenergic, beta -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76045684?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.atitle=Increased+palmitoylation+of+the+Gs+protein+alpha+subunit+after+activation+by+the+beta-adrenergic+receptor+or+cholera+toxin.&rft.au=Degtyarev%2C+M+Y%3BSpiegel%2C+A+M%3BJones%2C+T+L&rft.aulast=Degtyarev&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-11-15&rft.volume=268&rft.issue=32&rft.spage=23769&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.issn=00219258&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-12-13 N1 - Date created - 1993-12-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Oncogene activation of HIV-LTR-driven expression via the NF-kappa B binding sites. AN - 76108269; 8255780 AB - The Raf-1 proto-oncogene product is a highly regulated serine/threonine kinase that functions in signal transduction downstream from growth factor receptors and upstream from nuclear proto-oncogene products. Using a transient cotransfection assay we have found that activated Raf-1 activates expression from the HIV-LTR. Analysis of a series of 5' deletion and point mutations revealed the NF-kappa B motifs as the Raf-responsive element in the HIV-LTR. Moreover, Raf-BXB activated expression from heterologous promoters driven by the HIV NF-kappa B binding sites. In addition to Raf, we show that v-Src, v-H-Ras and v-Mos activate HIV-LTR expression through the NF-kappa B binding sites and v-H-Ras-induced HIV-LTR expression is mediated by Raf-1. These findings may have implications for the involvement of the cellular homologues of these oncogenes in the switch from latent to productive infection by HIV in response to T-cell activation. JF - Nucleic acids research AU - Bruder, J T AU - Heidecker, G AU - Tan, T H AU - Weske, J C AU - Derse, D AU - Rapp, U R AD - Viral Pathology Section, NCI-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, MD 21702-1201. Y1 - 1993/11/11/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Nov 11 SP - 5229 EP - 5234 VL - 21 IS - 22 SN - 0305-1048, 0305-1048 KW - NF-kappa B KW - 0 KW - Proto-Oncogene Proteins KW - Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf KW - EC 2.7.11.1 KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Animals KW - 3T3 Cells KW - Mice KW - Transcriptional Activation KW - Binding Sites KW - Oncogenes KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Viral KW - HIV Long Terminal Repeat -- genetics KW - Proto-Oncogene Proteins -- genetics KW - NF-kappa B -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76108269?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nucleic+acids+research&rft.atitle=Oncogene+activation+of+HIV-LTR-driven+expression+via+the+NF-kappa+B+binding+sites.&rft.au=Bruder%2C+J+T%3BHeidecker%2C+G%3BTan%2C+T+H%3BWeske%2C+J+C%3BDerse%2C+D%3BRapp%2C+U+R&rft.aulast=Bruder&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-11-11&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=22&rft.spage=5229&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nucleic+acids+research&rft.issn=03051048&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-01-13 N1 - Date created - 1994-01-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Cell. 1977 May;11(1):223-32 [194704] Science. 1992 Sep 4;257(5075):1404-7 [1326789] Cell. 1985 Jul;41(3):813-23 [2988790] Science. 1986 Nov 21;234(4779):988-92 [3490693] Nature. 1987 Apr 16-22;326(6114):711-3 [3031512] EMBO J. 1988 Aug;7(8):2475-83 [3142763] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Dec;85(23):8855-9 [3057494] Mol Cell Biol. 1989 Feb;9(2):639-47 [2710120] Nature. 1989 May 4;339(6219):70-3 [2654643] Mol Cell Biol. 1989 May;9(5):2247-50 [2501665] Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1988;53 Pt 1:173-84 [2978288] EMBO J. 1989 Nov;8(11):3371-8 [2555163] J Biol Chem. 1989 Dec 15;264(35):20855-8 [2556385] J Virol. 1990 Apr;64(4):1616-24 [2157047] Nature. 1990 Mar 29;344(6265):463-6 [2157161] Mol Cell Biol. 1990 Jun;10(6):2503-12 [2188091] Cell. 1990 Jun 29;61(7):1271-6 [2364429] Cell. 1990 Sep 7;62(5):1007-18 [2203531] Cell. 1990 Sep 7;62(5):1019-29 [2203532] Nature. 1990 Nov 1;348(6296):76-80 [2234062] Nucleic Acids Res. 1990 Dec 25;18(24):7433-8 [2259632] Nature. 1991 Jan 31;349(6308):426-8 [1992343] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Feb 15;88(4):1227-31 [1996324] Science. 1991 Mar 22;251(5000):1490-3 [2006423] Mol Cell Biol. 1991 May;11(5):2794-803 [1708096] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 May 1;88(9):3715-9 [2023921] Oncogene. 1991 Apr;6(4):495-500 [2030909] J Virol. 1991 Jul;65(7):3460-7 [1645777] Nature. 1991 Aug 22;352(6337):733-6 [1876189] Cell Growth Differ. 1991 May;2(5):235-43 [1888699] Nature. 1991 Oct 17;353(6345):670-4 [1922387] J Biol Chem. 1991 Nov 5;266(31):20594-7 [1939108] Mol Cell Biol. 1992 Feb;12(2):685-95 [1531086] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Apr 1;89(7):2922-6 [1372995] Genes Dev. 1992 Apr;6(4):545-56 [1313769] Trends Genet. 1992 Feb;8(2):61-6 [1566373] Cell Growth Differ. 1991 Dec;2(12):609-17 [1687313] J Virol. 1992 Jun;66(6):3616-23 [1316471] Mol Cell Biol. 1992 Aug;12(8):3507-13 [1630458] J Biol Chem. 1992 Aug 5;267(22):15281-4 [1639773] Nature. 1992 Jul 30;358(6385):417-21 [1322500] Oncogene. 1992 Sep;7(9):1867-73 [1386920] Mol Cell Biol. 1985 May;5(5):1073-83 [2582237] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fidelity of DNA synthesis catalyzed by human DNA polymerase alpha and HIV-1 reverse transcriptase: effect of reaction pH. AN - 19797668; 8739469 AB - The accuracy of DNA synthesis catalyzed by the Thermus aquaticus DNA polymerase and the 3'-->5' exonuclease-deficient Klenow fragment of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I varies as a function of reaction pH (Eckert, K.A. and Kunkel, T.A. (1990) Nucleic Acids Res. 18, 3739-3744; Eckert, K.A. and Kunkel, T.A. (1993) J. Biol. Chem. 268, 13462-13471). In the current study, we demonstrate that the fidelity of human DNA polymerase alpha increases 10-fold when the pH of the in vitro synthesis reaction is lowered from pH 8.6 to pH 6.1 (37 degrees C), as determined using a base substitution reversion assay to score polymerase errors within the lacZ alpha gene of bacteriophage M13mp2. Similarly, the base substitution fidelity of DNA-dependent DNA synthesis by the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase (HIV-1 RT) was improved nine-fold at pH 6.5 relative to pH 8.0 (37 degrees C). A detailed comparison of HIV-1 RT error specificity at neutral and low pH in a lacZ alpha forward mutation assay revealed that low pH suppresses both mispairing-mediated and misalignment-mediated mutations; however, the characteristic HIV-1 RT pattern of mutational hotspots at homopolymeric sequences is retained at the lower pH. Consistent with the presumption that these mutations result, in part, from increased termination of DNA synthesis within the hotspot sequences relative to other homopolymeric sequences, the HIV-1 RT termination pattern during processive DNA synthesis is not altered by low pH. The HIV-1 RT results are in agreement with our previous hypothesis that the observed increase in polymerase fidelity at low pH results from a decreased efficiency of continuing DNA synthesis from premutational DNA intermediates. Images JF - Nucleic Acids Research AU - Eckert, K A AU - Kunkel, T A AD - National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709. Y1 - 1993/11/11/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Nov 11 SP - 5212 EP - 5220 PB - Oxford University Press, Oxford Journals, Great Clarendon Street VL - 21 IS - 22 SN - 0305-1048, 0305-1048 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids KW - Phages KW - DNA biosynthesis KW - Nucleotide sequence KW - Reversion KW - Fidelity KW - nucleic acids KW - DNA-directed DNA polymerase KW - Human immunodeficiency virus 1 KW - Escherichia coli KW - RNA-directed DNA polymerase KW - Thermus aquaticus KW - pH effects KW - Mutation KW - J 02310:Genetics & Taxonomy KW - V 22360:AIDS and HIV KW - N 14820:DNA Metabolism & Structure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19797668?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nucleic+Acids+Research&rft.atitle=Fidelity+of+DNA+synthesis+catalyzed+by+human+DNA+polymerase+alpha+and+HIV-1+reverse+transcriptase%3A+effect+of+reaction+pH.&rft.au=Eckert%2C+K+A%3BKunkel%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=Eckert&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1993-11-11&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=22&rft.spage=5212&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nucleic+Acids+Research&rft.issn=03051048&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Phages; DNA biosynthesis; Fidelity; nucleic acids; Nucleotide sequence; DNA-directed DNA polymerase; Reversion; RNA-directed DNA polymerase; Mutation; pH effects; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; Escherichia coli; Thermus aquaticus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of a set of integration host factor mutants deficient for DNA binding. AN - 76057652; 8230206 AB - Integration host factor, IHF, is a sequence-specific DNA-binding and DNA-bending protein composed of two related but non-identical subunits. We report the isolation and characterization of hydroxylamine-induced loss-of-function mutations in the genes encoding the IHF subunits. To screen for mutants that preserve proper folding of IHF, clarified extracts were prepared from each mutant and were assayed for production of each subunit by immunoblotting and for formation of heterodimers by chemical cross-linking and subsequent immunoblotting. Extracts from mutants that met these criteria were found to bind a specific IHF site weakly if at all. These alleles therefore identify candidates for residues that may affect the DNA-binding surfaces of IHF. When projected onto the known tertiary structure of the closely related HU protein, these residues are found at the surface; however, with the exception of a single residue, different regions of the protein are implicated in each subunit. This suggests that, despite their homology, each subunit of IHF directs DNA recognition and binding in a distinct manner. To confirm the significance of the differential location of these mutations, we introduced in each subunit alterations that had been isolated as loss-of-function mutations at the corresponding position in the other subunit. In general, the engineered mutants have phenotypes that are strikingly different from those of their hydroxylamine-induced counterparts. In particular, most of the site-directed mutant IHF proteins form or maintain IHF:DNA complexes more readily than mutants that have the same change in the other subunit and were isolated as loss-of-function mutants. We discuss the positions of the mutant amino acid residues as they relate to a proposed molecular model of an IHF:DNA complex. JF - Journal of molecular biology AU - Granston, A E AU - Nash, H A AD - Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892. Y1 - 1993/11/05/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Nov 05 SP - 45 EP - 59 VL - 234 IS - 1 SN - 0022-2836, 0022-2836 KW - Bacterial Proteins KW - 0 KW - DNA Primers KW - DNA-Binding Proteins KW - Integration Host Factors KW - Macromolecular Substances KW - Index Medicus KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Base Sequence KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Genetic Complementation Test KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Protein Binding KW - Structure-Activity Relationship KW - Protein Conformation KW - DNA Primers -- chemistry KW - Bacterial Proteins -- genetics KW - DNA-Binding Proteins -- chemistry KW - Bacterial Proteins -- chemistry KW - Bacterial Proteins -- metabolism KW - DNA-Binding Proteins -- genetics KW - DNA-Binding Proteins -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76057652?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+molecular+biology&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+a+set+of+integration+host+factor+mutants+deficient+for+DNA+binding.&rft.au=Granston%2C+A+E%3BNash%2C+H+A&rft.aulast=Granston&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1993-11-05&rft.volume=234&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=45&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+molecular+biology&rft.issn=00222836&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-12-09 N1 - Date created - 1993-12-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An AP-1-like factor and the pituitary-specific factor Pit-1 are both necessary to mediate hormonal induction of human thyrotropin beta gene expression. AN - 76036137; 8226861 AB - The human thyrotropin beta (hTSH beta) gene is inducible by various agents including thyrotropin-releasing hormone, phorbol esters, or the adenylyl cyclase activator forskolin. In this study, we have characterized the functional properties of the TGGGTCA motif at -1/+6 of the hTSH beta gene that is similar to the consensus phorbol ester response element (TRE) or the consensus cyclic AMP response element (CRE). We suggest that both protein kinases C and A as well as TRH share a common mediator which recognizes the TGGGTCA element in activating the hTSH beta promoter. Following stimulation by phorbol esters, forskolin, or TRH, the TGGGTCA-specific factor acts together with the pituitary-specific transcription factor Pit-1 (or GHF-1) bound to upstream sequences at -128 to -61 to mediate the induction of the hTSH beta promoter. The induction requires that both factors bind to their own binding sites, but Pit-1 neither increases the binding of the TGGGTCA-specific factor to its target sequences nor associates with this factor to form a heterodimer. The TGGGTCA-specific factor is present in three cell lines tested and is composed of protein(s) immunologically related to c-Jun and c-Fos but not to the CRE-binding protein, CREB. By using the hTSH beta reporter plasmids in which the TGGGTCA element is converted to consensus TRE or CRE motifs, we found that, within the context of the hTSH beta promoter, the TGGGTCA element is a more potent TRE or CRE than the consensus TRE or CRE sequences. Based upon the results of this study, we propose a model in which the TGGGTCA-specific AP-1-like factor functionally cooperates with the tissue-specific factor Pit-1 to activate the hTSH beta gene. JF - The Journal of biological chemistry AU - Kim, M K AU - McClaskey, J H AU - Bodenner, D L AU - Weintraub, B D AD - Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892. Y1 - 1993/11/05/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Nov 05 SP - 23366 EP - 23375 VL - 268 IS - 31 SN - 0021-9258, 0021-9258 KW - DNA-Binding Proteins KW - 0 KW - Oligodeoxyribonucleotides KW - POU1F1 protein, human KW - Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun KW - RNA, Messenger KW - Transcription Factor Pit-1 KW - Transcription Factors KW - Colforsin KW - 1F7A44V6OU KW - Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone KW - 5Y5F15120W KW - Thyrotropin KW - 9002-71-5 KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate KW - NI40JAQ945 KW - Index Medicus KW - Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone -- pharmacology KW - Promoter Regions, Genetic KW - Colforsin -- pharmacology KW - Base Sequence KW - HeLa Cells KW - Oligodeoxyribonucleotides -- chemistry KW - Humans KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate -- pharmacology KW - Gene Expression Regulation KW - RNA, Messenger -- genetics KW - Transcription Factors -- physiology KW - Thyrotropin -- genetics KW - Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun -- physiology KW - DNA-Binding Proteins -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76036137?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.atitle=An+AP-1-like+factor+and+the+pituitary-specific+factor+Pit-1+are+both+necessary+to+mediate+hormonal+induction+of+human+thyrotropin+beta+gene+expression.&rft.au=Kim%2C+M+K%3BMcClaskey%2C+J+H%3BBodenner%2C+D+L%3BWeintraub%2C+B+D&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-11-05&rft.volume=268&rft.issue=31&rft.spage=23366&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.issn=00219258&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-11-29 N1 - Date created - 1993-11-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dose-intensive therapy for breast cancer. AN - 76004057; 8411576 JF - JAMA AU - O'Shaughnessy, J A AU - Cowan, K H AD - Medical Breast Cancer Section, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892. Y1 - 1993/11/03/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Nov 03 SP - 2089 EP - 2092 VL - 270 IS - 17 SN - 0098-7484, 0098-7484 KW - Receptors, Estrogen KW - 0 KW - Tamoxifen KW - 094ZI81Y45 KW - Doxorubicin KW - 80168379AG KW - Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor KW - 83869-56-1 KW - Cyclophosphamide KW - 8N3DW7272P KW - Leucovorin KW - Q573I9DVLP KW - Fluorouracil KW - U3P01618RT KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Cyclophosphamide -- administration & dosage KW - Bone Marrow Transplantation -- methods KW - Fatal Outcome KW - Gene Transfer Techniques KW - Humans KW - Leucovorin -- administration & dosage KW - Receptors, Estrogen -- analysis KW - Doxorubicin -- administration & dosage KW - Tamoxifen -- administration & dosage KW - Fluorouracil -- administration & dosage KW - Neoplasm Recurrence, Local -- drug therapy KW - Adult KW - Chemotherapy, Adjuvant KW - Female KW - Breast Neoplasms -- drug therapy KW - Bone Marrow -- pathology KW - Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast -- pathology KW - Salvage Therapy KW - Breast Neoplasms -- therapy KW - Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols -- administration & dosage KW - Liver Neoplasms -- secondary KW - Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor -- therapeutic use KW - Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast -- therapy KW - Brain Neoplasms -- secondary KW - Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast -- secondary KW - Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast -- drug therapy KW - Brain Neoplasms -- drug therapy KW - Breast Neoplasms -- pathology KW - Liver Neoplasms -- drug therapy KW - Brain Neoplasms -- radiotherapy KW - Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols -- therapeutic use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76004057?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=proceeding&rft.jtitle=JAMA&rft.atitle=Dose-intensive+therapy+for+breast+cancer.&rft.au=O%27Shaughnessy%2C+J+A%3BCowan%2C+K+H&rft.aulast=O%27Shaughnessy&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-11-03&rft.volume=270&rft.issue=17&rft.spage=2089&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=JAMA&rft.issn=00987484&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-11-19 N1 - Date created - 1993-11-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Desulfuration of 6-mercaptopurine. The basis for the paradoxical cytotoxicity of thiopurines in cultured human leukemic cells. AN - 76067615; 8240420 AB - The thiopurines have a wide array of effects on purine metabolism, but the primary mechanism of cytotoxicity for both 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) and 6-thioguanine (6-TG) appears to be incorporation of drug into DNA following conversion to the thioguanylate form. In murine leukemic cell lines exposed to a range of thiopurine concentrations in vitro, cell survival curves have displayed a phenomenon termed paradoxical cytotoxicity, defined as a decrease in cytotoxicity with increasing drug concentration. The paradoxical cytotoxicity of thiopurines has usually been attributed to concentration-dependent perturbations in the cell cycle. The present study assessed whether the paradoxical cytotoxicity of 6-MP occurred in cultured human leukemic cells, and investigated the biochemical and cell-cycle alterations occurring in these lines at thiopurine concentrations associated with the reverse of cytotoxicity. Paradoxical cytotoxicity was observed in the two human leukemic cell lines examined, but only when 6-MP concentrations exceeded 100 microM. The extent of incorporation of 6-MP metabolites into DNA as thiol-versus non-thiol-containing metabolites was analyzed by performing parallel experiments with 14C- and 35S-radiolabeled drug. With 5 microM 6-MP, approximately 50% of drug was incorporated into DNA as a thionucleotide; however, with increasing drug concentrations, the degree of thionucleotide incorporation remained unchanged or decreased, and the amount incorporated as the desulfurated metabolite (presumably adenylate or guanylate) increased. With 500 microM 6-MP, less than 10% of the drug was incorporated as the thionucleotide. Perturbations in cell cycle reflected the relative amounts of thiol- and non-thiol-containing nucleotide formed at various concentrations of 6-MP. These results suggest that thiopurines may be vulnerable to a unique mechanism of detoxification, in which a human cell can metabolize a cytotoxic drug to a comparatively potent "self-rescue" agent. JF - Biochemical pharmacology AU - Adamson, P C AU - Balis, F M AU - Hawkins, M E AU - Murphy, R F AU - Poplack, D G AD - Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892. Y1 - 1993/11/02/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Nov 02 SP - 1627 EP - 1636 VL - 46 IS - 9 SN - 0006-2952, 0006-2952 KW - Carbon Radioisotopes KW - 0 KW - Hypoxanthines KW - Sulfur Radioisotopes KW - Thionucleotides KW - Hypoxanthine KW - 2TN51YD919 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - 6-Mercaptopurine KW - E7WED276I5 KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase KW - EC 2.4.2.8 KW - Thioguanine KW - FTK8U1GZNX KW - Index Medicus KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured -- drug effects KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Thionucleotides -- metabolism KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase -- metabolism KW - Thioguanine -- pharmacology KW - Inactivation, Metabolic KW - Cell Survival -- drug effects KW - Hypoxanthines -- pharmacology KW - Cell Cycle -- drug effects KW - DNA -- metabolism KW - 6-Mercaptopurine -- metabolism KW - 6-Mercaptopurine -- pharmacology KW - 6-Mercaptopurine -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76067615?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemical+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Desulfuration+of+6-mercaptopurine.+The+basis+for+the+paradoxical+cytotoxicity+of+thiopurines+in+cultured+human+leukemic+cells.&rft.au=Adamson%2C+P+C%3BBalis%2C+F+M%3BHawkins%2C+M+E%3BMurphy%2C+R+F%3BPoplack%2C+D+G&rft.aulast=Adamson&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1993-11-02&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1627&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biochemical+pharmacology&rft.issn=00062952&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-12-16 N1 - Date created - 1993-12-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Glycosylation-dependent activity of baculovirus-expressed human liver carboxylesterases: cDNA cloning and characterization of two highly similar enzyme forms. AN - 76026391; 8218228 AB - A cDNA, designated hCE, encoding the entire sequence of a carboxylesterase, was isolated from a human liver lambda gt11 library. The hCE-deduced protein sequence contained 568 amino acids, including an 18 amino acid signal peptide sequence, and had a calculated molecular mass of the mature protein of 60,609 Da. A second cDNA, designated hCEv, was isolated from the same lambda gt11 library and contained a 3-bp deletion resulting in the loss of the final amino acid in the signal peptide sequence (Ala-1) and a second 3-bp deletion leading to an in-frame loss of Gln345. Expression of mRNA corresponding to both hCE and hCEv was detected in eight adult human liver samples, with individual levels varying 5-fold (hCE) and 12-fold (hCEv). A single immunoreactive protein was detected in 13 adult human liver samples when probed with antibody directed against a rat carboxylesterase. Based on allele-specific oligonucleotide hybridizations, we believe that the hCE and hCEv cDNAs represent two distinct members of the carboxylesterase family. The carboxylesterase genes were localized to human chromosome 16 using a somatic cell hybrid mapping strategy. Baculovirus expression of hCE in Sf9 cells produced a protein with an estimated molecular mass of 59,000 Da. This enzyme was able to hydrolyze aromatic and aliphatic esters but possessed no catalytic activity toward amides or a fatty acyl CoA ester. Baculovirus-mediated expression of the hCEv cDNA yielded a second protein of 56,000 Da resulting from inefficient N-glycosylation of the hCEv protein. Although the substrate specificity for the hCEv protein was identical to that of expressed hCE for any given substrate, the specific activity for the hCE protein was always higher than that for the hCEv protein. Tunicamycin inhibition studies provided the first evidence that N-glycosylation of these luminal enzymes is essential for maximal catalytic activity. JF - Biochemistry AU - Kroetz, D L AU - McBride, O W AU - Gonzalez, F J AD - Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892. Y1 - 1993/11/02/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Nov 02 SP - 11606 EP - 11617 VL - 32 IS - 43 SN - 0006-2960, 0006-2960 KW - DNA, Complementary KW - 0 KW - Isoenzymes KW - RNA, Messenger KW - Recombinant Proteins KW - Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases KW - EC 3.1.1.- KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16 KW - Humans KW - RNA, Messenger -- analysis KW - DNA, Complementary -- isolation & purification KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Glycosylation KW - Moths KW - Chromosome Mapping KW - Cloning, Molecular KW - Baculoviridae KW - Alleles KW - Base Sequence KW - Recombinant Proteins -- metabolism KW - Genetic Vectors KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Substrate Specificity KW - Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases -- metabolism KW - Liver -- enzymology KW - Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases -- genetics KW - Isoenzymes -- genetics KW - Isoenzymes -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76026391?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Glycosylation-dependent+activity+of+baculovirus-expressed+human+liver+carboxylesterases%3A+cDNA+cloning+and+characterization+of+two+highly+similar+enzyme+forms.&rft.au=Kroetz%2C+D+L%3BMcBride%2C+O+W%3BGonzalez%2C+F+J&rft.aulast=Kroetz&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-11-02&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=43&rft.spage=11606&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biochemistry&rft.issn=00062960&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-11-29 N1 - Date created - 1993-11-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - L07765; GENBANK; X71481; L07764; D17642; D17801; X71774; D17800; D17802; D17799; X74555 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relative probability of mutagenic translesion synthesis on the leading and lagging strands during replication of UV-irradiated DNA in a human cell extract. AN - 75973953; 8218213 AB - We have previously demonstrated mutagenic bypass of pyrimidine dimers during SV40 origin-dependent replication of UV-irradiated DNA in human cell extracts [Thomas, D. C., & Kunkel, T. A. (1993) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 90, 7744-7748]. Here we use two vectors having the origin of replication on opposite sides of a lacZ alpha reporter gene to examine the relative probability of mutagenic translesion synthesis on the leading and lagging strands. Although replication of both vectors is inhibited by UVB irradiation in a dose-dependent manner, the covalently closed DNA products of replication contain T4 endonuclease sensitive sites, indicating that bypass of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers occurred. At fluences of 70 and 100 J/m2, the mutant frequencies obtained with both vectors are substantially higher than with control DNAs. Sequence analysis of mutants obtained with both vectors reveal three types of mutations at frequencies significantly above those obtained from replication of undamaged DNA. These are C-->T transitions, accounting for about two-thirds of the mutants, a small number of CC-->TT substitutions, and complex mutations. Comparing the distribution of C-->T substitutions in the two spectra permits an estimation of the probability of mutagenic translesion replication of the same sequence when replicated as the leading or lagging strand. The data suggest that the overall average UV-independent C-->T substitution probability per phenotypically detectable dipyrimidine site is the same during leading and lagging strand replication. However, statistically significant differences are observed when the distribution of C-->T substitutions is considered.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Biochemistry AU - Thomas, D C AU - Nguyen, D C AU - Piegorsch, W W AU - Kunkel, T A AD - Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Statistics and Biomathematics Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709. Y1 - 1993/11/02/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Nov 02 SP - 11476 EP - 11482 VL - 32 IS - 43 SN - 0006-2960, 0006-2960 KW - Pyrimidine Dimers KW - 0 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Probability KW - Ultraviolet Rays KW - Base Sequence KW - HeLa Cells KW - Humans KW - Simian virus 40 KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - DNA -- radiation effects KW - DNA Replication -- genetics KW - DNA Damage -- genetics KW - Mutagenesis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75973953?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Relative+probability+of+mutagenic+translesion+synthesis+on+the+leading+and+lagging+strands+during+replication+of+UV-irradiated+DNA+in+a+human+cell+extract.&rft.au=Thomas%2C+D+C%3BNguyen%2C+D+C%3BPiegorsch%2C+W+W%3BKunkel%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-11-02&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=43&rft.spage=11476&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biochemistry&rft.issn=00062960&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-11-29 N1 - Date created - 1993-11-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A randomized, controlled trial of recombinant alpha-interferon therapy for chronic hepatitis B. AN - 85223582; pmid-8237937 AB - OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of recombinant alpha-interferon in chronic hepatitis B. METHODS: Patients were stratified at entry according to their serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) values, randomized to receive alpha-interferon (alfa-2b, 10 million units three times weekly) or to be untreated controls for 16 wk. Effect of therapy on levels of hepatitis B viral (HBV) DNA and aminotransferase activities in serum and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) status was monitored. RESULTS: Forty-seven patients entered the trial; 11 of 25 (44%) patients receiving interferon responded by clearing HBeAg and HBV DNA within 6 months, compared to one of 22 (5%) controls (p 100 U/L, 60% responded. Within the 6-month study period, 36% of treated patients had normal serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) values, and 16% had cleared hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) from serum, whereas none of the controls had normal ALT values or had lost HBsAg. Interferon was stopped early in three patients (6.5%), and dosage was reduced in a further 16 patients (35%) because of adverse effects. Predictive factors for a response were the pretreatment serum ALT and AST activities. CONCLUSIONS: alpha-Interferon therapy (three times weekly) is relatively well tolerated and is effective in clearing HBeAg and HBV DNA in approximately one-third of treated patients. JF - The American Journal of Gastroenterology AU - Di Bisceglie A M AU - Fong, T L AU - Fried, M W AU - Swain, M G AU - Baker, B AU - Korenman, J AU - Bergasa, N V AU - Waggoner, J G AU - Park, Y AU - Hoofnagle, J H AD - Liver Diseases Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland. PY - 1993 SP - 1887 EP - 1892 VL - 88 IS - 11 SN - 0002-9270, 0002-9270 KW - Hepatitis B Surface Antigens KW - Hepatitis, Chronic KW - Human KW - Aspartate Aminotransferases KW - Hepatitis B Virus KW - Hepatitis B e Antigens KW - Alanine Transaminase KW - DNA, Viral KW - Comparative Study KW - Adult KW - Hepatitis B KW - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay KW - Interferon Alfa-2b KW - Female KW - Male UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85223582?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Journal+of+Gastroenterology&rft.atitle=A+randomized%2C+controlled+trial+of+recombinant+alpha-interferon+therapy+for+chronic+hepatitis+B.&rft.au=Di+Bisceglie+A+M%3BFong%2C+T+L%3BFried%2C+M+W%3BSwain%2C+M+G%3BBaker%2C+B%3BKorenman%2C+J%3BBergasa%2C+N+V%3BWaggoner%2C+J+G%3BPark%2C+Y%3BHoofnagle%2C+J+H&rft.aulast=Di+Bisceglie+A+M&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1993-11-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1887&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+American+Journal+of+Gastroenterology&rft.issn=00029270&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - eng DB - ComDisDome N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The regulatory subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase as a target for chemotherapy of cancer and other cellular dysfunctional-related diseases. AN - 76286073; 8022860 AB - Three separate experimental approaches, using site-selective cAMP analogs, antisense strategy and retroviral vector-mediated gene transfer, have provided evidence that two isoforms, the RI- and RII-regulatory subunits of cAMP-dependent protein kinase, have opposite roles in cell growth and differentiation; RI being growth stimulatory while RII is a growth-inhibitory and differentiation-inducing protein. As RI expression is enhanced during chemical or viral carcinogenesis, in human cancer cell lines and in primary human tumors, it is a target for cancer diagnosis and therapy. 8-Cl-cAMP and RI antisense oligodeoxynucleotide, those that effectively down-regulate RI alpha and up-regulate RII beta, provide new approaches toward the treatment of cancer. This approach to modulation of RI vs RII cAMP transducers may also be beneficial toward therapy of endocrine or cellular dysfunction-related diseases where abnormal signal transduction of cAMP is critically involved. JF - Pharmacology & therapeutics AU - Cho-Chung, Y S AU - Clair, T AD - Cellular Biochemistry Section, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892. Y1 - 1993/11// PY - 1993 DA - November 1993 SP - 265 EP - 288 VL - 60 IS - 2 SN - 0163-7258, 0163-7258 KW - Biomarkers KW - 0 KW - Cyclic AMP Receptor Protein KW - Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase RIIbeta Subunit KW - Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase RIalpha Subunit KW - Enzyme Inhibitors KW - Isoenzymes KW - Oligonucleotides, Antisense KW - PRKAR1A protein, human KW - PRKAR2B protein, human KW - Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases KW - EC 2.7.11.11 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Diabetes Mellitus -- metabolism KW - Humans KW - Cyclic AMP Receptor Protein -- physiology KW - Cell Transformation, Neoplastic -- drug effects KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Hypertension -- drug therapy KW - Oligonucleotides, Antisense -- therapeutic use KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic KW - Isoenzymes -- physiology KW - Signal Transduction -- drug effects KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Psoriasis -- drug therapy KW - Psoriasis -- metabolism KW - Hypertension -- metabolism KW - Diabetes Mellitus -- drug therapy KW - Neoplasms -- drug therapy KW - Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases -- physiology KW - Enzyme Inhibitors -- chemistry KW - Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases -- therapeutic use KW - Enzyme Inhibitors -- pharmacology KW - Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76286073?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pharmacology+%26+therapeutics&rft.atitle=The+regulatory+subunit+of+cAMP-dependent+protein+kinase+as+a+target+for+chemotherapy+of+cancer+and+other+cellular+dysfunctional-related+diseases.&rft.au=Cho-Chung%2C+Y+S%3BClair%2C+T&rft.aulast=Cho-Chung&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=1993-11-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=265&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pharmacology+%26+therapeutics&rft.issn=01637258&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-08-04 N1 - Date created - 1994-08-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prognosis of single unprovoked seizure. AN - 76285402; 8005923 AB - 201 patients (131 males and 70 females) with mean age of 18 years (range 5-55 years) who presented at median of 6 days after the onset of first unprovoked seizure were studied. They were followed for a mean period of 60 months (range 12-84 months). One hundred and fifty four (76%) patients were treated with anticonvulsant medication (group A) on a non-randomized basis and the remaining 47 patients (24%) were not treated (group B). Both the groups were comparable for age, sex, type of seizure and interval between onset of seizure and consultation. The cumulative risk of recurrence for entire study group was 24% at 1 month, 32% at 6 months, 34% at 12 months, 35% at 24 months and 36% at 36 months. The cumulative risk of recurrence in group A was 23%, 30%, 32%, 33% and 33% as compared to 28%, 36%, 40%, 43% and 45% at 1, 6, 12, 24 and 36 months respectively (p > 0.05). Maximum number of recurrences (67%) occurred within 1 month. No recurrence occurred after 36 months after the onset of first seizure. Age at onset, sex, seizure type, family history of seizure, EEG abnormalities and nature of antiepileptic drugs did not influence the risk of recurrence. JF - The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India AU - Gupta, S K AU - Satishchandra, P AU - Venkatesh, A AU - Subbakrishna, D K AD - Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India. Y1 - 1993/11// PY - 1993 DA - November 1993 SP - 709 EP - 710 VL - 41 IS - 11 SN - 0004-5772, 0004-5772 KW - Anticonvulsants KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Prognosis KW - Electroencephalography -- drug effects KW - Child KW - Recurrence KW - Child, Preschool KW - Prospective Studies KW - Adult KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Female KW - Male KW - Anticonvulsants -- adverse effects KW - Epilepsy -- drug therapy KW - Anticonvulsants -- therapeutic use KW - Epilepsy -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76285402?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+the+Association+of+Physicians+of+India&rft.atitle=Prognosis+of+single+unprovoked+seizure.&rft.au=Gupta%2C+S+K%3BSatishchandra%2C+P%3BVenkatesh%2C+A%3BSubbakrishna%2C+D+K&rft.aulast=Gupta&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1993-11-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=709&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+the+Association+of+Physicians+of+India&rft.issn=00045772&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-07-19 N1 - Date created - 1994-07-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Retroviruses and inflammatory myopathies in humans and primates. AN - 76279827; 8156147 AB - The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the human T cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV-1), the human foamy retrovirus and the simian immunodeficiency viruses have been associated with the development of an inflammatory myopathy in humans and primates. The myopathy caused by HIV and HTLV-1 is not due to direct infection of the muscle by these viruses, but rather due to an immunopathologic process triggered by the viruses, mediated by autoaggressive CD8+ cells in the context of MHC-class I antigen expression. This has been based on a series of studies utilizing immunocytochemistry, in situ hybridization, polymerase chain reaction, and co-cultivation of human myotubes with the viruses or with HIV-1 and HTLV-1-infected homologous lymphoid cells. Because the clinical, histological and immunological picture of patients with retroviral-associated inflammatory myopathies is identical to that of patients with retroviral-negative inflammatory myopathy, there is a reasonable possibility that retroviruses may be candidate viruses in triggering inflammatory myopathies. In recent years, the antiretroviral drug AZT (Zidovudine), commonly used for the treatment of AIDS, has been shown to cause a distinct mitochondrial myopathy characterized by depletion of the muscle mitochondrial DNA due to AZT's ability to inhibit the gamma-DNA polymerase of the mitochondrial matrix. Distinction of the AZT-myopathy is clinically important because it responds to discontinuation of AZT and to administration of another antiretroviral agent such as ddI or ddC. JF - Bailliere's clinical neurology AU - Dalakas, M C AD - Neuromuscular Diseases Section, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892. Y1 - 1993/11// PY - 1993 DA - November 1993 SP - 659 EP - 691 VL - 2 IS - 3 SN - 0961-0421, 0961-0421 KW - Zidovudine KW - 4B9XT59T7S KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Zidovudine -- therapeutic use KW - Zidovudine -- adverse effects KW - HTLV-I Infections -- microbiology KW - Humans KW - Retroviridae KW - HIV Infections -- drug therapy KW - HIV Infections -- microbiology KW - HTLV-I Infections -- pathology KW - HIV Infections -- pathology KW - Myositis -- microbiology KW - Myositis -- drug therapy KW - Retroviridae Infections -- drug therapy KW - Myositis -- pathology KW - Retroviridae Infections -- pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76279827?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bailliere%27s+clinical+neurology&rft.atitle=Retroviruses+and+inflammatory+myopathies+in+humans+and+primates.&rft.au=Dalakas%2C+M+C&rft.aulast=Dalakas&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-11-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=659&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bailliere%27s+clinical+neurology&rft.issn=09610421&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-05-16 N1 - Date created - 1994-05-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Discovery and rediscovery. AN - 76274945; 8157166 JF - Allergy proceedings : the official journal of regional and state allergy societies AU - Cohen, S G AD - National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland. PY - 1993 SP - 427 EP - 428 VL - 14 IS - 6 SN - 1046-9354, 1046-9354 KW - Aspirin KW - R16CO5Y76E KW - Index Medicus KW - History of medicine KW - Nasal Mucosa -- secretion KW - Nasal Mucosa -- pathology KW - Asthma -- etiology KW - History, 20th Century KW - Drug Eruptions -- etiology KW - Aspirin -- adverse effects KW - Humans KW - Anaphylaxis -- etiology KW - Desensitization, Immunologic KW - Drug Eruptions -- therapy KW - Eosinophilia -- history KW - Eosinophilia -- diagnosis KW - Nose Diseases -- history KW - Rhinitis -- history KW - Rhinitis -- diagnosis KW - Nose Diseases -- diagnosis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76274945?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Allergy+proceedings+%3A+the+official+journal+of+regional+and+state+allergy+societies&rft.atitle=Discovery+and+rediscovery.&rft.au=Cohen%2C+S+G&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1993-11-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=427&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Allergy+proceedings+%3A+the+official+journal+of+regional+and+state+allergy+societies&rft.issn=10469354&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-05-19 N1 - Date created - 1994-05-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mortality in the coke oven plant of Carrara, Italy. AN - 76274567; 8177128 AB - A mortality study was undertaken on a cohort of 538 male workers employed at a coke plant in Carrara in the period 1960-1985. The follow-up period ranged from January 1 1960 to December 31 1990, with 10,665 person-years accumulated. A significant excess in mortality for lung cancer was observed: 19 observed deaths vs 10.02 expected deaths using national rates, SMR 190 (C.I. 95% = 114-296), and vs 11.19 expected deaths using regional rates, SMR 170 (C.I. 95% = 102-265). The results suggest the possible influence of this occupation on mortality from lung cancer, as was observed in previous studies performed on larger cohorts of coke oven workers. JF - La Medicina del lavoro AU - Franco, F AU - Chellini, E AU - Seniori Costantini, A AU - Gioia, A AU - Carra, G AU - Paolinelli, F AU - Martelli, C AU - Vigotti, M AD - Servizio di Prevenzione Igiene e Sicurezza nei Luoghi di Lavoro, USL 2, Massa Carrara. PY - 1993 SP - 443 EP - 447 VL - 84 IS - 6 SN - 0025-7818, 0025-7818 KW - Coke KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Lung Neoplasms -- etiology KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Lung Neoplasms -- mortality KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Male KW - Italy KW - Occupational Diseases -- etiology KW - Coke -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Diseases -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76274567?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=La+Medicina+del+lavoro&rft.atitle=Mortality+in+the+coke+oven+plant+of+Carrara%2C+Italy.&rft.au=Franco%2C+F%3BChellini%2C+E%3BSeniori+Costantini%2C+A%3BGioia%2C+A%3BCarra%2C+G%3BPaolinelli%2C+F%3BMartelli%2C+C%3BVigotti%2C+M&rft.aulast=Franco&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1993-11-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=443&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=La+Medicina+del+lavoro&rft.issn=00257818&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-06-07 N1 - Date created - 1994-06-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pharmacokinetics, cerebrospinal fluid penetration, and metabolism of piroxantrone in the rhesus monkey. AN - 76257089; 8157468 AB - Piroxantrone is an anthrapyrazole derivative with broad anti-tumor activity in vitro and less cardiac toxicity than the anthracyclines. The metabolic pathways and central nervous system penetration of piroxantrone have not been determined. In this study we examined the pharmacokinetic behavior of piroxantrone in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid in a non-human primate model. In addition, a urinary metabolite of piroxantrone was isolated and its cytotoxicity evaluated in vitro. The disappearance of piroxantrone from plasma after an intravenous dose of 150 mg/m2 given over 60 minutes was biexponential with mean t1/2 alpha of 1.0 minutes and a mean t1/2 beta of 180 minutes. The mean area under the curve was 220 microM.min and the clearance was 1420 ml/min/m2. Piroxantrone was not detectable in the cerebrospinal fluid. Piroxantrone and three other compounds not present in pre-treatment samples were detected in urine. The major urinary metabolite was isolated. Its cytotoxicity against MOLT-4 cells in vitro was at least one log less than that of piroxantrone. In addition, one of the other compounds detected in urine was determined to be a glucuronide conjugation product of the major metabolite. The results of this study may be useful in the interpretation of the activity and toxicity of piroxantrone in clinical trials. JF - Investigational new drugs AU - Berg, S L AU - Balis, F M AU - Godwin, K S AU - Poplack, D G AD - Pediatric Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892. Y1 - 1993/11// PY - 1993 DA - November 1993 SP - 255 EP - 261 VL - 11 IS - 4 SN - 0167-6997, 0167-6997 KW - Anthraquinones KW - 0 KW - Antineoplastic Agents KW - Glucuronates KW - Pyrazoles KW - piroxantrone KW - YL4TY9WH22 KW - Index Medicus KW - Drug Stability KW - Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor KW - Animals KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured KW - Glucuronates -- urine KW - Glucuronates -- pharmacology KW - Macaca mulatta KW - Male KW - Pyrazoles -- metabolism KW - Pyrazoles -- pharmacology KW - Antineoplastic Agents -- cerebrospinal fluid KW - Antineoplastic Agents -- pharmacokinetics KW - Antineoplastic Agents -- metabolism KW - Anthraquinones -- pharmacokinetics KW - Anthraquinones -- pharmacology KW - Anthraquinones -- metabolism KW - Antineoplastic Agents -- pharmacology KW - Anthraquinones -- cerebrospinal fluid KW - Pyrazoles -- pharmacokinetics KW - Pyrazoles -- cerebrospinal fluid UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76257089?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Investigational+new+drugs&rft.atitle=Pharmacokinetics%2C+cerebrospinal+fluid+penetration%2C+and+metabolism+of+piroxantrone+in+the+rhesus+monkey.&rft.au=Berg%2C+S+L%3BBalis%2C+F+M%3BGodwin%2C+K+S%3BPoplack%2C+D+G&rft.aulast=Berg&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1993-11-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=255&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Investigational+new+drugs&rft.issn=01676997&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-05-17 N1 - Date created - 1994-05-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Are binge drinkers more at risk of developing brain damage? AN - 76251260; 8123218 AB - Alcoholism is often associated with brain damage and cognitive deficits. Because drinking patterns can include periods of alcohol consumption followed by abstinence, binge drinking may enhance the possibility of brain damage. Chronic administration of ethanol leads to upregulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and calcium receptors and increased release of glucocorticoids. NMDA-mediated mechanisms and glucocorticoid actions on the hippocampus are associated with brain damage. Thus, ethanol withdrawal may make the brain more vulnerable to damage from these mechanisms, especially with binge drinking. Therapeutic adjuncts for treating ethanol withdrawal, including NMDA, calcium, and glucocorticoid antagonists, may eventually prove useful in preventing further brain damage in alcoholism. JF - Alcohol (Fayetteville, N.Y.) AU - Hunt, W A AD - Neurosciences and Behavioral Research Branch, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Rockville, MD 20857-0001. PY - 1993 SP - 559 EP - 561 VL - 10 IS - 6 SN - 0741-8329, 0741-8329 KW - Glucocorticoids KW - 0 KW - Neurotoxins KW - Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate KW - Ethanol KW - 3K9958V90M KW - Index Medicus KW - Glucocorticoids -- metabolism KW - Ethanol -- adverse effects KW - Animals KW - Substance Withdrawal Syndrome -- complications KW - Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate -- physiology KW - Substance Withdrawal Syndrome -- metabolism KW - Ethanol -- pharmacology KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Neurotoxins -- pharmacology KW - Drinking Behavior KW - Alcohol Drinking -- adverse effects KW - Brain Damage, Chronic -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76251260?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+%28Fayetteville%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.atitle=Are+binge+drinkers+more+at+risk+of+developing+brain+damage%3F&rft.au=Hunt%2C+W+A&rft.aulast=Hunt&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1993-11-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=559&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+%28Fayetteville%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.issn=07418329&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-04-14 N1 - Date created - 1994-04-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Implicit memory in patients with schizophrenia and normal controls: effects of task demands on susceptibility to priming. AN - 76246460; 8120123 AB - Two experiments employing a stem-completion priming paradigm are reported. The first of these compared patients with schizophrenia (SC) to normal controls and demonstrated impaired implicit memory in the SC patients under task conditions identical to those used previously with other patient groups. The second experiment was designed to examine the effects of implicit task demands and stimulus selection upon susceptibility to priming, with a second group of SC patients and normal controls. Results indicated that the ability to carry out the task demands