TY - BOOK T1 - A Decade of Arts Engagement: Findings from the Survey of Public Participation in the Arts, 2002-2012 AN - 1767321311; 2011-911157 AB - This report synthesizes findings across several modes of arts participation (attending the visual and performing arts, reading literature, creating/performing art, using digital media to consume art, and learning within the arts) to show how many American adults--and from which backgrounds--have engaged in art throughout the decade of 2002 to 2012. Based on the NEA's Survey of Public Participation in the Arts (SPPA), conducted in partnership with the U.S. Census Bureau. Tables, Figures, Appendixes. JF - United States National Endowment for the Arts, Jan 2015, 116 pp. AU - National Endowment for the Arts Y1 - 2015/01// PY - 2015 DA - January 2015 PB - United States National Endowment for the Arts KW - Citizen participation KW - Partnership KW - Art KW - Performing arts KW - Literature KW - Surveys KW - Census KW - Digital media KW - book UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1767321311?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=National+Endowment+for+the+Arts&rft.aulast=National+Endowment+for+the+Arts&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2015-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=A+Decade+of+Arts+Engagement%3A+Findings+from+the+Survey+of+Public+Participation+in+the+Arts%2C+2002-2012&rft.title=A+Decade+of+Arts+Engagement%3A+Findings+from+the+Survey+of+Public+Participation+in+the+Arts%2C+2002-2012&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - https://www.arts.gov/publications/decade-arts-engagement-findings-survey-public-participation-arts-2002-2012 LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2016-03-01 N1 - Publication note - United States National Endowment for the Arts, 2015 N1 - SuppNotes - NEA Research Report no. 58 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Artists by the Numbers: Moving From Descriptive Statistics to Impact Analyses AN - 1504421605; 201406540 AB - For nearly 40 years, the National Endowment for the Arts (NEA) has studied a cohort of 11 artist occupations, resulting in periodic research findings about artists' employment and earnings, their demographics and geographic distribution, and how artists differ from other segments of the workforce. These reports have provided cultural researchers, practitioners, and policy makers with reliable descriptive statistics. In recent years, however, the NEA has expanded such research to capture the impact of artists on the nation's creative and economic output and to account for a broader range of arts workers. This article reviews progress and makes recommendations for future study. [Reprinted by permission of Sage Publications Inc., copyright holder.] JF - Work and Occupations AU - Iyengar, Sunil AD - National Endowment for the Arts, Washington, DC, USA iyengars@arts.gov Y1 - 2013/11// PY - 2013 DA - November 2013 SP - 496 EP - 505 PB - Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks CA VL - 40 IS - 4 SN - 0730-8884, 0730-8884 KW - National Endowment for the Arts NEA census artist occupation KW - Artists KW - Workers KW - Policy Making KW - Geographic Distribution KW - Employment KW - Humanities KW - article KW - 1020: social differentiation; sociology of occupations & professions UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1504421605?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Work+and+Occupations&rft.atitle=Artists+by+the+Numbers%3A+Moving+From+Descriptive+Statistics+to+Impact+Analyses&rft.au=Iyengar%2C+Sunil&rft.aulast=Iyengar&rft.aufirst=Sunil&rft.date=2013-11-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=496&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Work+and+Occupations&rft.issn=07308884&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F0730888413505097 LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2014-03-01 N1 - Number of references - 12 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - WOOCDD N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Artists; Humanities; Policy Making; Employment; Geographic Distribution; Workers DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0730888413505097 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - How the United States Funds the Arts. Third Edition AN - 1238188259; ED536820 AB - The infrastructure for arts and cultural support in the United States is complex and adaptive. Citizens who enjoy the arts can choose from a wide array of drama, visual and media arts, dance, music, and literature available in formal and informal settings--theaters, museums, and concert halls, but also libraries, schools, places of worship, open-air venues, restaurants or nightclubs, and, via technology, at home or on the move. In the last two decades, the number of arts and cultural organizations has grown, even as revenues from sales and attendance have risen to all-time high levels. In the following chapters, this monograph identifies three basic types of financial support for the arts: (1) direct public funds awarded by the National Endowment for the Arts (NEA) and by state, regional, and local arts agencies; (2) funding from federal departments and agencies other than the NEA; and (3) private sector contributions, which make up the lion's share of contributed income for arts organizations. This third revenue stream flows from individual and corporate donors and from charity foundations, and it flows more smoothly because of incentives in the U.S. tax system. Y1 - 2012/11// PY - 2012 DA - November 2012 SP - 34 PB - National Endowment for the Arts. 1100 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20506. KW - United States KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Adult Education KW - Financial Support KW - Theaters KW - Donors KW - Cultural Centers KW - Museums KW - Philanthropic Foundations KW - Incentives KW - Private Sector KW - Art KW - Public Agencies KW - Tax Credits KW - Arts Centers KW - State Federal Aid KW - Public Support UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1238188259?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - How Art Works: The National Endowment for the Arts' Five-Year Research Agenda, with a System Map and Measurement Model AN - 1238189069; ED536817 AB - This report stems from a collaborative research inquiry into the nature and consequences of art in American life. Although it culminates in a research agenda for the National Endowment for the Arts, the document also proposes a way for the nation's cultural researchers, arts practitioners, policy-makers, and the general public to view, analyze, and discuss the arts as a dynamic, complex system. A system map of "how art works" can provide an opportunity to organize recurring themes and concepts. At a time when robust data collection and reporting drives the ability of most U.S. sectors to define themselves and demonstrate their worth, such a map can be all the more valuable. It allows people from diverse backgrounds and viewpoints to arrive at a shared understanding of how the system works, what are its key elements and relationships, and which external factors can alter the system's efficacy. It provides a cartography of current research and exposes gaps in knowledge. Beyond these merits, a system map offers a blueprint for future measurement goals and strategies, suggesting which variables are critical to study for the purpose of communicating impact. To a large extent, the "How Art Works" system map reflects the strengths, limitations, and potential of existing research on the arts. Alternatives to the map--or future iterations--may generate even better research questions and methodologies to explore the nature of art, its contributions to human and societal development, and its place in American life. (Contains 11 illustrations and 24 footnotes.) [For companion report, "How Art Works: The National Endowment for the Arts' Five-Year Research Agenda, with a System Map and Measurement Model. Appendix A & B," see ED536812.] Y1 - 2012/09// PY - 2012 DA - September 2012 SP - 46 PB - National Endowment for the Arts. 1100 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20506. KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Measurement KW - Systems Approach KW - Research Projects KW - Quality of Life KW - Art Expression KW - Community Benefits KW - Economic Impact KW - Art Education KW - Individual Development KW - Art KW - Public Agencies KW - Participation KW - Innovation KW - Creative Activities KW - Research Administration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1238189069?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - How Art Works: The National Endowment for the Arts' Five-Year Research Agenda, with a System Map and Measurement Model. Appendix A & B AN - 1238188231; ED536812 AB - This paper presents two appendices supporting the "How Art Works: The National Endowment for the Arts' Five-Year Research Agenda, with a System Map and Measurement Model" report. In Appendix A, brief descriptions of relevant studies and datasets for each node in the "How Art Works" system map are presented. This appendix is meant to supply examples of how such concepts are discussed in the literature and (in some cases) which variables may be used for future research and metrics development. The list was compiled by Monitor Institute for the National Endowment for the Arts' Office of Research & Analysis (ORA). In Appendix B, the two phases of the "How Art Works" report are described. A list of participants is also included. (Contains 1 figure and 13 footnotes.) [For the full report, "How Art Works: The National Endowment for the Arts' Five-Year Research Agenda, with a System Map and Measurement Model," see ED536817.] Y1 - 2012/09// PY - 2012 DA - September 2012 SP - 15 PB - National Endowment for the Arts. 1100 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20506. KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Research Projects KW - Art Expression KW - Community Benefits KW - Research Design KW - Economic Impact KW - Art Education KW - Individual Development KW - Data KW - Art KW - Participation KW - Innovation KW - Creative Activities UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1238188231?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - The Arts and Achievement in At-Risk Youth: Findings from Four Longitudinal Studies. Research Report #55 AN - 1011397898; ED530822 AB - This report examines the academic and civic behavior outcomes of teenagers and young adults who have engaged deeply with the arts in or out of school. In several small-group studies, children and teenagers who participated in arts education programs have shown more positive academic and social outcomes in comparison to students who did not participate in those programs. Such studies have proved essential to the current research literature on the types of instrumental benefits associated with an arts education. A standard weakness of the literature, however, has been a dearth of large-scale, longitudinal studies following the same populations over time, tracking the outcomes of students who received intensive arts exposure or arts learning compared with students who did not. "The Arts and Achievement in At-Risk Youth" is a partial attempt to fill this knowledge gap. The authors use four large national databases to analyze the relationship between arts involvement and academic and social achievements. This report displays correlations between arts activity among at-risk youth and subsequent levels of academic performance and civic engagement. For this task, the authors relied on four large longitudinal databases. Each source has unique strengths and limitations in terms of study sample size, age range, and the types of variables included--whether related to arts involvement (in-school and/or extracurricular), academic progress, or social and/or civic participation. Yet after accounting for these differences, three main conclusions arise: (1) Socially and economically disadvantaged children and teenagers who have high levels of arts engagement or arts learning show more positive outcomes in a variety of areas than their low-arts-engaged peers; (2) At-risk teenagers or young adults with a history of intensive arts experiences show achievement levels closer to, and in some cases exceeding, the levels shown by the general population studied; and (3) Most of the positive relationships between arts involvement and academic outcomes apply only to at-risk populations (low-SES). But positive relationships between arts and civic engagement are noted in high-SES groups as well. Meet the Databases is appended. (Contains 11 notes.) [This paper was written with Susan A. Dumais and Gillian Hampden-Thompson.] AU - Catterall, James S. Y1 - 2012/03// PY - 2012 DA - March 2012 SP - 28 PB - National Endowment for the Arts. 1100 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20506. KW - Early Childhood Longitudinal Survey KW - National Longitudinal Survey of Youth KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Grade 10 KW - Grade 12 KW - Grade 8 KW - High Schools KW - Higher Education KW - Middle Schools KW - Postsecondary Education KW - Secondary Education KW - At Risk Persons KW - Reading KW - Socioeconomic Status KW - Academic Achievement KW - Young Adults KW - Dance Education KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Music Education KW - Outcomes of Education KW - Citizen Participation KW - Art Education KW - Libraries KW - Economically Disadvantaged KW - Disadvantaged Youth KW - Theater Arts KW - Extracurricular Activities KW - Adolescents KW - Education Work Relationship UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1011397898?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Beyond Attendance: A Multi-Modal Understanding of Arts Participation. Based on the 2008 Survey of Public Participation in the Arts. Research Report #54 AN - 860368879; ED516882 AB - First conducted in 1982, the National Endowment for the Arts' (NEA's) Survey of Public Participation in the Arts (SPPA) serves as the longest-standing resource for studying U.S. adult levels of arts attendance, personal arts creation and performance, and arts participation through electronic media. The environment in which arts organizations function has changed dramatically in the 29 years since the first SPPA. Alternatives for arts and entertainment activities have proliferated, and expectations for personalization and individual control over those experiences have increased. The proliferation of new technologies for interacting with digital content is occurring at a heightened pace, while the nation's demographic characteristics grow increasingly diverse. For arts funders and grantee organizations alike, conferences and meetings have tended to focus on adapting to this new environment. Such discussions often lead to debates over what "arts participation" is and how arts organizations might best channel the myriad pathways through which Americans now engage in artistic and creative expression. Those pathways are blurring in several important respects. Using SPPA data from 1982-2008, this monograph explores the breadth of participation within and between three primary categories, or "modes," of arts activities: arts attendance, personal arts creation and performance, and arts participation through electronic media. In addition, the monograph offers a unique context for understanding arts participation, suggesting that a more expansive framework for the cultural ecology is needed, and discusses implications of the SPPA data and other trends for practice, policy, and future research. Four key contextual factors emerge from the current literature and research; they are crucial to a more comprehensive understanding of arts participation. These four factors are: (1) the skill level of the artist or participant; (2) the form of artistic expression; (3) the setting in which the activity occurs; and (4) the degree to which the individual exercises creative control over the activity. A list of recommended sources, as well as a technical appendix, are included. (Contains 18 tables, 20 figures and 111 notes.) AU - Novak-Leonard, Jennifer L. AU - Brown, Alan S. Y1 - 2011/02// PY - 2011 DA - February 2011 SP - 104 PB - National Endowment for the Arts. 1100 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20506. KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Cultural Context KW - Citizenship KW - Gender Differences KW - Educational Attainment KW - Racial Differences KW - Art Expression KW - Adults KW - National Surveys KW - Art Education KW - Participation KW - Family Income KW - Age Differences KW - Internet KW - Mass Media KW - Art Activities UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/860368879?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Arts Education in America: What the Declines Mean for Arts Participation. Based on the 2008 Survey of Public Participation in the Arts. Research Report #52 AN - 860366937; ED516878 AB - The Surveys of Public Participation in the Arts (SPPAs), conducted for the National Endowment for the Arts, have shown a steady decline in the rates of adult attendance at most "benchmark" arts events--specifically, classical music and jazz concerts, musical and non-musical plays, opera, and ballet performances--as well as declines in other forms of adult arts participation, including personal creation or performance of art and adult arts education--since 1982. The reasons for these declines, and potential strategies to mitigate or reverse them, are of vital importance to American artists, cultural policymakers, arts organizations, and other stakeholders concerned about the future of American culture. An analysis of 1992 SPPA data found that "arts education was the strongest predictor of almost all types of arts participation (arts performance being the exception)." The present study analyzes data from four administrations of the SPPA--1982, 1992, 2002, and 2008--to address several important questions prompted by that finding. Findings of this study include: (1) Reported rates of childhood arts education declined significantly from 1982 to 2008; (2) Declines were substantial in childhood music, visual arts, and creative writing, while dance and theater increased slightly; (3) It is likely that the declines in music, visual arts, and creative writing represent, in large measure, reductions in in-school arts education; (4) Childhood arts education rose across most of the 20th century before declining in its final decades; (5) Childhood arts education has not been equally distributed by socioeconomic status (SES) or race. Its decline has been concentrated among low-income children and among African American and Hispanic children in particular; and (6) Arts education rates among young adults were extremely volatile during this same period. Appendix on methodology is included. (Contains 26 figures and 57 notes.) AU - Rabkin, Nick AU - Hedberg, C. E. Y1 - 2011/02// PY - 2011 DA - February 2011 SP - 58 PB - National Endowment for the Arts. 1100 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20506. KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Adult Education KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Low Income Groups KW - Access to Education KW - African Americans KW - Educational Trends KW - Young Adults KW - National Surveys KW - Educational Attainment KW - Adults KW - Children KW - Art Education KW - Hispanic Americans KW - Participation KW - Art Activities UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/860366937?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Live from Your Neighborhood: A National Study of Outdoor Arts Festivals. Volume Two: Seven Case Studies. Research Report #51 AN - 860367679; ED516880 AB - This report complements a national survey of outdoor arts festivals (see "Live from Your Neighborhood: A National Study of Outdoor Arts Festivals, Volume One: Summary Report") by focusing on seven case study festivals: Houston International Festival; Piccolo Spoleto; Lowell Folk Festival; Santa Fe Indian Market; Chicago Jazz Festival; Tamejavi Festival; and D.U.M.B.O. Art Under the Bridge Festival. The results yield fresh insights and information about the ways in which outdoor arts festivals contribute to artistic and creative vitality in the United States. As documented by the national survey, outdoor arts festivals increase Americans' access to the arts because they often are free or relatively low-priced. But the case studies reveal that festivals enhance public access in other meaningful ways as well. The case study festivals: (1) took place in welcoming, familiar, central public spaces; (2) allowed audiences to socialize while attending arts activities, an opportunity that research tells is an important motivating factor in broadening and diversifying arts audiences; and (3) provided access to the arts for parents and children alike, giving audiences the impression that festivals are more family-friendly than other arts venues. The case study festivals provided unique artistic experiences. They: (1) occurred in unique natural and architectural environments that lend new works, as well as performances and exhibitions of older works, a distinctive expressive potential; (2) presented diverse programming, mixing more familiar genres and performers with those that are less well known to a degree that is uncommon in many arts venues; (3) functioned as a gateway to new arts activities by creating an informal atmosphere that encourages audiences to experience new art forms and styles; (4) provided opportunities for arts education and for interaction between artists and audience members; and (5) promoted professional development and a sense of community for artists. Case study festival audiences: (1) resembled other national arts audiences in terms of gender, income, and educational attainment; (2) were more ethnically and racially diverse than other arts audiences; and (3) were frequent arts attenders and showed very high levels of engagement in the creation or performance of art work. These festivals have strong ties with and contribute to communities. Stakeholders perceive that the festivals: (1) contribute to communities' identity, economies, and civic engagement; (2) contribute to the arts and cultural education of communities; and (3) are important to the lives of communities. The festivals have special requirements in terms of their administration. They: (1) depend on government in important ways--particularly local agencies such as police, parks and recreation, and streets and sanitation departments, as well as local leaders such as mayors--for their efficiency and financial health because they use public spaces as arts venues and must employ public resources to do so; (2) are vitally sustained by a robust, engaged volunteer workforce that fulfills both non-expert and expert roles and provides much of the public face of the festival; and (3) are currently experiencing financial shortfalls. Appendices include: (1) Festival Administrator Interview Guide; (2) Artist Focus Group Interview Guide; (3) Volunteer Focus Group Interview Guide; (4) Festival Participant Survey (Short-Form Survey); and (5) Festival Special Programs Participant Survey (Long-Form Survey). (Contains 21 figures, 7 tables and 29 footnotes.) [For related report, "Live from Your Neighborhood: A National Study of Outdoor Arts Festivals. Volume One: Summary Report. Research Report #51", see ED516879.] AU - Rosenstein, Carole Y1 - 2010/10// PY - 2010 DA - October 2010 SP - 56 PB - National Endowment for the Arts. 1100 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20506. KW - Texas KW - South Carolina KW - Massachusetts KW - New Mexico KW - Illinois KW - California KW - New York KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Community Support KW - Volunteers KW - Case Studies KW - Community Characteristics KW - Educational Attainment KW - National Surveys KW - Income KW - Citizen Participation KW - Expenditures KW - Experience KW - Audiences KW - Recreational Activities KW - Opportunities KW - Art Activities UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/860367679?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Live from Your Neighborhood: A National Study of Outdoor Arts Festivals. Volume One: Summary Report. Research Report #51 AN - 860369780; ED516879 AB - This study began with a readily understandable impulse: to enumerate the nation's outdoor arts festivals and to identify their shared and divergent traits, considering factors such as event programming, staffing, finances, and audience demographics. The reason for this query is also straightforward. To date, no single report or database carries such comprehensive information about arts festivals nationwide. Given their pervasive role in American cultural life, this discrepancy is something more than a matter for regret. Repeat iterations of the National Endowment for the Arts' (NEA's) Survey of Public Participation in the Arts (SPPA) have shown that festivals and fairs collectively attract more unique audience members per year than most arts events. In aggregate, U.S.-based outdoor arts festivals surveyed by the NEA display the following characteristics: (1) Activities spanning a wide array of art forms converge in a single space; (2) Festival audiences describe a demographically diverse audience, one that appears to mirror characteristics of the U.S. population; (3) Most outdoor arts festivals appear committed to achieving a high-quality arts experience for their audiences; (4) Arts educational opportunities form a component of most outdoor arts festivals; (5) Most outdoor arts festivals are free of charge. Most others offer some form of discounted ticketing; (6) Most outdoor arts festivals occur in small to mid-sized communities; (7) They occur in publicly accessible places that are family-friendly; (8) Most outdoor arts festivals (59%) have occurred in the same community for more than a decade; (9) Support of local government agencies is crucial to the success of outdoor arts festivals; and (10) Outdoor arts festivals rely heavily on volunteers and a small number of dedicated staff. (Contains 13 tables, 58 figures and 57 footnotes.) [For related report, "Live from Your Neighborhood: A National Study of Outdoor Arts Festivals. Volume Two: Seven Case Studies. Research Report #51", see ED516880.] AU - Silber, Bohne AU - Rosenstein, Carole Y1 - 2010/08// PY - 2010 DA - August 2010 SP - 92 PB - National Endowment for the Arts. 1100 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20506. KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Community Support KW - Volunteers KW - Program Administration KW - Community Characteristics KW - National Surveys KW - Income KW - Art Education KW - Expenditures KW - Experience KW - Audiences KW - Recreational Activities KW - Administrative Organization KW - Opportunities KW - Art Activities UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/860369780?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Race/Ethnicity and Arts Participation: Findings from the Survey of Public Participation in the Arts AN - 881470280; ED519762 AB - This report analyzes data from the 1982, 1985, 1992, 2002, and 2008 Surveys of Public Participation in the Arts (SPPA). Analyses focus on differential arts participation by race/ethnicity and the effect of race/ethnicity on arts participation. Descriptive and inferential analyses explore trends in arts participation by race/ethnicity across the five rounds of SPPA data. The authors find that, generally, the numbers and proportions of all race/ethnic groups that participate in the arts through attendance at arts events and arts creation are declining over time. The proportion of arts audiences that is white is not declining, despite the fact that the proportion of the national population that is white is declining. Race/ethnic group, per se, is not a strong predictor of attendance at arts events, but it is a good predictor of arts creation activities. Whites and Asians have had arts learning experiences at a greater rate than have blacks and Hispanics. Appendices include: (1) Descriptive statistics, 1982-2008; (2) Participation rate in core arts domains, by race/ethnicity, 1992-2008; (3) Participation rate in core arts creation domain, by race/ethnicity, 1992-2008; (4) Race/ethnic composition of arts creators, by arts creation domain, 1992-2008; (5) Effects of race/ethnicity, educational attainment, and their interactions on specific arts participation (full results); (6) Effects of race/ethnicity, household income, and their interactions on specific arts participation (full results); (7) Effects of race/ethnicity on specific arts creation (full results); and (8) Analysis of logistic regression assumptions. (Contains 36 figures, 40 tables and 7 footnotes.) AU - Welch, Vincent AU - Kim, Yonghyun Y1 - 2010/06/13/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Jun 13 SP - 116 PB - National Endowment for the Arts. 1100 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20506. KW - Survey of Public Participation in the Arts KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Adult Education KW - Audience Participation KW - Audiences KW - Ethnicity KW - Educational Attainment KW - Art Expression KW - Art Appreciation KW - Data Analysis KW - Art Products KW - Income KW - Citizen Participation KW - Art Activities UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/881470280?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - 2008 Survey of Public Participation in the Arts AN - 58840800; 2010-456081 AB - This report describes U.S. adult arts participation in 2008. It shows attendance at live arts events (such as concerts, plays, and dance performances), as well as the number and percentage of adults visiting art museums and reading literature. The survey also investigates arts participation through broadcast and recorded media, the Internet, and personal participation such as singing in choirs or making photographs. In addition, the report discusses demographic and geographic differences in arts participation, compares 2008 rates to those found in 1982, 1992, and 2002, and summarizes 2008 results by art form. Tables, Figures, Appendixes. JF - United States National Endowment for the Arts, Nov 2009, vi+93 pp. AU - National Endowment for the Arts Y1 - 2009/11// PY - 2009 DA - November 2009 PB - United States National Endowment for the Arts KW - Education and education policy - Statistics, research, research methods, and research support KW - Culture and religion - Arts and arts policy KW - Culture and religion - Literature KW - Culture and religion - Museums, memorials, monuments, and cultural property KW - United States KW - Art KW - Literature KW - Museums KW - Surveys KW - Demographics KW - book UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/58840800?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=National+Endowment+for+the+Arts&rft.aulast=National+Endowment+for+the+Arts&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2009-11-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=2008+Survey+of+Public+Participation+in+the+Arts&rft.title=2008+Survey+of+Public+Participation+in+the+Arts&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.arts.gov/research/2008-SPPA.pdf LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2010-03-05 N1 - Publication note - United States National Endowment for the Arts, 2009 N1 - SuppNotes - Research report no. 49 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Woman Like Me AN - 60338848; 201017597 AB - Abstract not available. JF - Women's Studies Quarterly AU - Newman, Leslea AD - National Endowment for the Arts Y1 - 2009/10// PY - 2009 DA - October 2009 SP - 173 EP - 188 PB - Feminist Press, CUNY, New York NY VL - 37 IS - 3-4 SN - 0732-1562, 0732-1562 KW - Sex Role Identity KW - Females KW - article KW - 0410: group interactions; social group identity & intergroup relations (groups based on race & ethnicity, age, & sexual orientation) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/60338848?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Women%27s+Studies+Quarterly&rft.atitle=A+Woman+Like+Me&rft.au=Newman%2C+Leslea&rft.aulast=Newman&rft.aufirst=Leslea&rft.date=2009-10-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=173&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Women%27s+Studies+Quarterly&rft.issn=07321562&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2010-04-07 N1 - Number of references - 20 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Females; Sex Role Identity ER - TY - GEN T1 - Arts Participation 2008: Highlights from a National Survey AN - 61874944; ED505695 AB - This report presents the key findings from the National Endowment for the Art's Survey of Public Participation in the Arts. The survey was conducted in May 2008, and it asked a large, nationally representative sample of adults (18 and above) about their participation in arts events and activities over the previous 12 months. Among the findings: (1) There are persistent patterns of decline in participation for most art forms; (2) Long-term trends suggest fundamental shifts in the relationship between age and arts attendance; (3) Educated Americans are participating less than before, and educated audiences are the most likely to attend or participate in the arts; and (4) The Internet and mass media are reaching substantial audiences for the arts. (Contains 9 notes.) Y1 - 2009/06// PY - 2009 DA - June 2009 SP - 16 PB - National Endowment for the Arts. 1100 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20506. KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Fine Arts KW - Participation KW - Educational Attainment KW - Adults KW - National Surveys KW - Internet KW - Age Differences UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61874944?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - The Big Read: The Poetry of Robinson Jeffers T2 - 15th Annual Robinson Jeffers Association Conference AN - 41790809; 5054468 JF - 15th Annual Robinson Jeffers Association Conference AU - Koss, Erika Y1 - 2009/02/13/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Feb 13 KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41790809?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=15th+Annual+Robinson+Jeffers+Association+Conference&rft.atitle=The+Big+Read%3A+The+Poetry+of+Robinson+Jeffers&rft.au=Koss%2C+Erika&rft.aulast=Koss&rft.aufirst=Erika&rft.date=2009-02-13&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=15th+Annual+Robinson+Jeffers+Association+Conference&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.jeffers.org/RJAConferenceProgram2009.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-07-17 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - GEN T1 - The Big Read: Case Studies AN - 762477293; ED511704 AB - The Big Read evaluation included a series of 35 case studies designed to gather more in-depth information on the program's implementation and impact. The case studies gave readers a valuable first-hand look at The Big Read in context. Both formal and informal interviews, focus groups, attendance at a wide range of events--all showed how participating communities and partners host a Big Read, and what impact it has on partnering institutions, the broader community, and reading habits. A rich complement to the quantitative data, these cases allowed individuals to explore or confirm trends emerging in the general data collection, document memorable events or outcomes that define the unique, local character of Big Read implementations, and amplify elements of The Big Read that merited note or replication. Appendices include: (1) Administrator Protocol; (2) Librarian Protocol; (3) Teacher Protocol; and (4) Student Protocol. (Contains 41 footnotes.) [For the accompanying reports, see "A Book Club for a Nation, Built Chapter by Chapter. The Big Read. Final Report" (ED511710) and "A Book Club for a Nation, Built Chapter by Chapter. The Big Read. Final Report. Executive Summary" (ED511703).] Y1 - 2009/02// PY - 2009 DA - February 2009 SP - 175 PB - National Endowment for the Arts. 1100 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20506. KW - Texas KW - Washington KW - Connecticut KW - North Carolina KW - California KW - Idaho KW - Michigan KW - Virginia KW - Illinois KW - Missouri KW - Iowa KW - Florida KW - New York KW - New Jersey KW - Wisconsin KW - Massachusetts KW - Colorado KW - Louisiana KW - Oregon KW - Indiana KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Program Effectiveness KW - Reading Programs KW - Participation KW - Program Implementation KW - Case Studies KW - Reading Habits KW - Marketing KW - National Programs KW - Young Adults KW - Institutional Cooperation KW - Adolescents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/762477293?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Reading on the Rise: A New Chapter in American Literacy AN - 61897636; ED503915 AB - The National Endowment for the Arts (NEA) reports that for the first time in over a quarter-century, literary reading has risen among adult Americans, with measurable increases among all groups represented in this comprehensive national survey. Combined with general population growth, higher reading rates have expanded literary readership by 16.6 million, with the most significant growth among young adults, the group that had shown the largest declines in earlier surveys. Reported findings include: (1) Literary reading is on the rise for the first time in the 26 years of the NEA's periodic survey of U.S. adult participation in the arts; (2) The absolute number of literary readers has grown significantly; (3) The new growth in readership reverses two decades of downward trends; (4) Literary reading has increased most rapidly among the youngest adults; (5) Adults in most age groups have shown gains in literary reading; (6) Literary reading has risen among whites, African Americans, and Hispanics; (7) For the first time in the survey's history, literary reading has increased among both men and women; (8) Literary reading rates have grown or held steady for adults of all education levels; (9) Greater reading of fiction is responsible for the new growth in adult literary readers; (10) Book-readers have grown in absolute numbers but declined slightly as a percentage of the U.S. adult population; (11) Most online readers also report reading books; and (12) The U.S. adult population now breaks into two almost equally sized groups--readers and non-readers. Findings come from the NEA 2008 Survey of Public Participation in the Arts in partnership with the United States Census Bureau. The sample is both large (more than 18,000 adults) and representative of the current U.S. population. The survey has been conducted at five intervals since 1982. The core questionnaire has remained consistent, ensuring that reliable comparisons can be made for the purpose of long-term trend analyses. The survey is designed to give a national overview of adult arts participation in the 12 months preceding the survey date. (Contains 9 notes.) Y1 - 2009/01// PY - 2009 DA - January 2009 SP - 16 PB - National Endowment for the Arts. 1100 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20506. KW - Survey of Public Participation in the Arts KW - United States KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Adult Education KW - Recreational Reading KW - Incidence KW - Young Adults KW - Adults KW - Trend Analysis KW - Reading Attitudes KW - Citizen Participation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61897636?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - A Book Club for a Nation, Built Chapter by Chapter. The Big Read. Final Report AN - 762477467; ED511710 AB - This report shares the findings from a nineteen-month study of The Big Read, an initiative of the National Endowment for the Arts, in partnership with the Institute of Museum and Library Services and Arts Midwest, designed to restore reading to the center of American culture. Piloted in early 2006 and launched nationwide later that year, The Big Read brings communities together to read, discuss, and celebrate great literature. Libraries, museums, colleges and universities, municipalities, science and literary centers, arts and humanities councils, health and service agencies--all have received Big Read grants and joined forces with schools, businesses, and other local organizations to host community-wide reading events. This report reveals that participants were, overall, very positive about The Big Read book and the idea of a Big Read in their community. Even among people who love to read, The Big Read has had a marked impact, with sizeable percentages of participants reporting increases in reading or literary activity after the program and even because of it. Grantees reported that there was still "work to be done" in engaging more diverse and hard-to-reach audiences, but also described extensive outreach and modest successes. Partnering with organizations that serve particular populations may offer a key strategy for reaching audiences and areas not always accommodated by or drawn to arts and literary institutions. Developing or strengthening existing partnerships with schools, community colleges, and universities is key to youth participation in The Big Read. Appendices include: (1) Instruments; and (2) Responses by Cycle, Site, and Instrument. (Contains 77 tables, 29 figures and 27 footnotes.) [For the accompanying reports, see "A Book Club for a Nation, Built Chapter by Chapter. The Big Read. Final Report. Executive Summary" (ED511703) and "The Big Read: Case Studies" (ED511704).] AU - Sloan, Kay AU - Honeyford, Michelle AU - Bass, Kristin Y1 - 2008/07// PY - 2008 DA - July 2008 SP - 213 PB - National Endowment for the Arts. 1100 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20506. KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Program Effectiveness KW - Reading Material Selection KW - Reading Habits KW - Museums KW - National Programs KW - Surveys KW - Young Adults KW - Sustainability KW - Reading Programs KW - Libraries KW - Participation KW - Program Attitudes KW - Program Implementation KW - Institutional Cooperation KW - Adolescents KW - Art Activities UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/762477467?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - A Book Club for a Nation, Built Chapter by Chapter. The Big Read. Final Report. Executive Summary AN - 757172692; ED511703 AB - This report summarizes the findings from a nineteen-month study of The Big Read, an initiative of the National Endowment for the Arts, in partnership with the Institute of Museum and Library Services and Arts Midwest, designed to restore reading to the center of American culture. Piloted in early 2006 and launched nationwide later that year, The Big Read brings communities together to read, discuss, and celebrate great literature. Libraries, museums, colleges and universities, municipalities, science and literary centers, arts and humanities councils, health and service agencies--all have received Big Read grants and joined forces with schools, businesses, and other local organizations to host community-wide reading events. One of the findings reveals that The Big Read's appeal to grantees and partners from organizations other than libraries and arts institutions points to broad-based interest in literary reading and new approaches to promoting it. (Contains 1 table and 8 footnotes.) [To access the accompanying reports, see "A Book Club for a Nation, Built Chapter by Chapter. The Big Read. Final Report." (ED511710); and "The Big Read: Case Studies" (ED511704).] Y1 - 2008/07// PY - 2008 DA - July 2008 SP - 14 PB - National Endowment for the Arts. 1100 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20506. KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Program Effectiveness KW - Reading Programs KW - Participation KW - Program Attitudes KW - Reading Habits KW - National Programs KW - Young Adults KW - Institutional Cooperation KW - Adolescents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/757172692?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - To Read or Not To Read: A Question of National Consequence. Executive Summary. Research Report #47 AN - 62057022; ED499075 AB - In 2004, the National Endowment for the Arts published "Reading at Risk: A Survey of Literary Reading in America." This detailed study showed that Americans in almost every demographic group were reading fiction, poetry, and drama--and books in general--at significantly lower rates than 10 or 20 years earlier. The declines were steepest among young adults. More recent findings attest to the diminished role of voluntary reading in American life. These new statistics come from a variety of reliable sources, including large, nationally representative studies conducted by other federal agencies. Brought together for the first time, the data prompt three unsettling conclusions: (1) Americans are spending less time reading; (2) Reading comprehension skills are eroding; and (3) These declines have serious civic, social, cultural, and economic implications. (Contains 30 tables, 6 figures, and 12 footnotes.) [The following individuals contributed to this report: Sarah Sullivan, Bonnie Nichols, Tom Bradshaw, Kelli Rogowski, and Mark Bauerlein.] Y1 - 2007/11// PY - 2007 DA - November 2007 SP - 20 PB - National Endowment for the Arts. 1100 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20506. KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Postsecondary Education KW - Citizenship KW - Institutionalized Persons KW - Reading Habits KW - Reading Skills KW - Quality of Life KW - Sociocultural Patterns KW - Young Adults KW - Correlation KW - Reading Comprehension KW - Economic Impact KW - Reading Research KW - Job Skills KW - Reading Achievement KW - Public Agencies KW - Recreational Reading KW - College Graduates KW - Trend Analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62057022?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - To Read or Not to Read: A Question of National Consequence. Research Report #47 AN - 62051243; ED499045 AB - This report contains the best national data available to provide a reliable and comprehensive overview of American reading today. While it incorporates some statistics from the National Endowment for the Arts' 2004 report, "Reading at Risk," this new study contains vastly more data from numerous sources. Although most of this information is publicly available, it has never been assembled and analyzed as a whole. It is the most complete and up-to-date report of the nation's reading trends and--perhaps most important--their considerable consequences. The data prompts three unsettling conclusions: Americans are spending less time reading; reading comprehension skills are eroding; and these declines have serious civic, social, cultural, and economic implications. Specifically, the data in this report identifies several discrepancies at a national level: (1) Less reading for pleasure in late adolescence than in younger age groups; (2) Declines in reading test scores among 17-year-olds and high school seniors in contrast to younger age groups and lower grade levels; (3) Among high school seniors, a wider rift in the reading scores of advanced and deficient readers; (4) A male-female gap in reading proclivity and achievement levels; (5) A sharp divide in the reading skills of incarcerated adults versus non-prisoners; and (6) Greater academic, professional, and civic benefits associated with high levels of leisure reading and reading comprehension. Strictly understood, the data in this report do not necessarily show cause and effect but merely indicate correlations. This report confirms--without any serious qualification--the central importance of reading for a prosperous, free society. The report is issued not as en elegy nor to dictate any specific remedial policies, but to initiate serious discussion. (Contains 54 tables, 12 charts, and 84 footnotes.) [This research report was produced by the Office Research & Analysis.] Y1 - 2007/11// PY - 2007 DA - November 2007 SP - 98 PB - National Endowment for the Arts. 1100 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20506. KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Reading Tests KW - Institutionalized Persons KW - Late Adolescents KW - Gender Differences KW - Reading Habits KW - Academic Achievement KW - Scores KW - Reading Skills KW - Correlation KW - Reading Comprehension KW - Reading Research KW - High School Seniors KW - Reading Achievement KW - Recreational Reading UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62051243?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Before and after disasters: federal funding for cultural institutions AN - 59943362; 2006-0308900 AB - The publication includes descriptions and contact information for 15 federal grant and loan programs and covers sources of federal assistance for preparedness, mitigation, and response, as well as for recovery, for cultural institutions. The publication describes cultural projects in disaster planning, training, treatment research, and restoration. JF - United States National Endowment for the Arts, September 2005. 36 pp. Y1 - 2005/09// PY - 2005 DA - September 2005 SP - 36 PB - United States National Endowment for the Arts KW - Cultural property, Protection of KW - Performing arts -- Finance KW - Disaster relief -- United States KW - Art objects -- Conservation and restoration KW - United States -- Arts policy KW - Art -- Federal aid UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59943362?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2005-09-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Before+and+after+disasters%3A+federal+funding+for+cultural+institutions&rft.title=Before+and+after+disasters%3A+federal+funding+for+cultural+institutions&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.arts.gov/pub/DisasterRecovery.pdf LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - U S Nat Endowment Arts N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Music Preferences in the U.S.: 1982-2002 AN - 757173501; ED511715 AB - Music is everywhere. People listen to compact discs while relaxing at home, MP3s while jogging in the park, live music concerts in their free time, and internet radio on the computer. What are people listening to? Who is doing the listening? How have listening patterns changed over time? This report aims to answer those questions by using data from the Survey of Public Participation in the Arts (SPPA) to examine music preferences across the United States. Overall, the survey data point to changing music preferences over time-- both across the country and within demographic groups. While most genres experienced notable declines in popularity, rap/hip-hop, classic rock/oldies, and blues/R&B experienced increases. Analysis also reveals important associations between demographic characteristics and music preferences. Although each of these demographic characteristics provides information about "who likes what," what this report clearly suggests is that much of what explains music preferences is not directly observable. The goodness-of-fit measures in Appendix D show that only a small amount of the variation in music preferences can be explained by these demographic characteristics. Although adding arts engagement measures substantially increases the explanatory power of the regressions, the vast majority of the variation in music preferences remains unexplained. In short, while it is possible to broadly identify who likes what, understanding the social, environmental, and personal dimensions of music preferences is far more complex. This study should be of interest to any reader who is a little curious to find out what type of music is likely to be playing on the radios, CD players, or iPods of adults in his or her community. The report should also be useful to educators, researchers, and music industry personnel who are invested in knowing who listens to what. Appended are: (A) Description of Data, (B) Methodologies, (C) Regression Model, (D) Estimated Audience Size, and (E) SPPA survey Questions. (Contains 37 tables, 1 figure, 62 footnotes, and a bibliography. This report was written with Brett Crawford and Caryn Anderson.) AU - Mizell, Lee Y1 - 2005/06// PY - 2005 DA - June 2005 SP - 109 PB - National Endowment for the Arts. 1100 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20506. KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Teachers KW - Researchers KW - Geographic Location KW - Age KW - Ethnicity KW - Individual Characteristics KW - Rock Music KW - Race KW - Surveys KW - Educational Attainment KW - Income KW - Marital Status KW - Attitudes KW - Classical Music KW - Music KW - Urban Population KW - Art Activities KW - Sex UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/757173501?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Geography and Public Participation in the Arts: Ten States AN - 757172518; ED511706 AB - This report examines arts engagement in ten key states in the U.S. by analyzing data from the 2002 Survey of Public Participation in the Arts (SPPA). It is organized into ten state profiles that summarize key demographic characteristics, the arts landscape, and public participation in the arts. Because the regions profiled here are not a random sample of U.S. states the purpose of this document is to examine arts participation within rather than across regions. While it is tempting to make comparisons across regions, preliminary analysis revealed that, with only a handful of exceptions, arts participation rates across the ten states tend to be more similar than different. This report was contracted by the National Endowment for the Arts (CO-97) to assess participation in the arts by geographic region using the 1982, 1992, and 2002 Surveys of Public Participation in the Arts. This report is the second of three in a series that describe geography and arts participation by census region, by state, and by metropolitan area. The findings of all three reports should prove useful to researchers, regional arts organizations, policy makers, and citizens interested in arts engagement in their communities. Appended are: (1) Description of Data Used in Analysis; (2) Methodologies; (3) Summary Tables; and (4) SPPA Survey Questions. (Contains 79 tables, 55 footnotes, and a bibliography.) AU - Mizell, Lee Y1 - 2005/06// PY - 2005 DA - June 2005 SP - 111 PB - National Endowment for the Arts. 1100 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20506. KW - Survey of Public Participation in the Arts KW - California KW - Florida KW - Illinois KW - Massachusetts KW - Michigan KW - New Jersey KW - New York KW - Ohio KW - Pennsylvania KW - Texas KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Community KW - Researchers KW - Policymakers KW - Artists KW - Dance KW - Opera KW - Museums KW - Surveys KW - Exhibits KW - Art Education KW - Demography KW - Fine Arts KW - Recreational Reading KW - Participation KW - Profiles KW - Television KW - Theater Arts KW - Music KW - Radio KW - Arts Centers KW - Historic Sites KW - Nonprint Media KW - Art Activities UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/757172518?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - College Course-Taking Patterns in the Arts. Research Note Number 88 AN - 61995344; ED499074 AB - This note draws on "The Empirical Curriculum," a study of college course-taking patterns published by the Department of Education. Courses are tracked for three cohorts: adults in the high school graduating classes of 1972, 1982, and 1992 who went on to earn more than 10 college credits within 8.5 years of completing high school. Topics covered by the note include changes in the percentage of students taking particular arts courses (e.g., art history and film arts), and the share earning degrees in the arts. It also investigates college arts course-taking by gender and race. (Contains 4 footnotes, 26 endnotes, 12 tables, and 3 figures. Appended is: Statistically Significant Changes in Course-Taking over Time.) AU - Mizell, Lee Y1 - 2005/04// PY - 2005 DA - April 2005 SP - 25 PB - National Endowment for the Arts. 1100 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20506. KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Higher Education KW - High School Graduates KW - College Bound Students KW - Developmental Continuity KW - Gender Differences KW - Course Selection (Students) KW - College Students KW - Racial Differences KW - Pattern Recognition KW - College Credits KW - Cohort Analysis KW - Art Education UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61995344?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Reading at risk: a survey of literary reading in America T2 - Research Div. rept. 46 AN - 58853679; 2004-0708310 AB - Finds decline in literary reading over the past 20 years; based on 2002 Census Bureau data of over 17,000 adults, and compared to similar survey in 1982 and 1992. Also available in print. JF - United States National Endowment for the Arts, July 2004. AU - Bradshaw, Tom AU - Nichols, Bonnie Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - July 2004 PB - United States National Endowment for the Arts KW - United States -- Culture KW - Books and reading -- United States UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/58853679?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Bradshaw%2C+Tom%3BNichols%2C+Bonnie&rft.aulast=Bradshaw&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Reading+at+risk%3A+a+survey+of+literary+reading+in+America&rft.title=Reading+at+risk%3A+a+survey+of+literary+reading+in+America&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.arts.gov/pub/ReadingAtRisk.pdf LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - U S Nat Endowment Arts N1 - Document feature - bibl(s), chart(s), il(s), table(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Reading At Risk: A Survey of Literary Reading in America. Research Division Report #46. AN - 62110606; ED484208 AB - Reading at Risk presents the results from the literature segment of a large-scale survey, the Survey of Public Participation in the Arts, conducted by the Census Bureau in 2002 at the request of the National Endowment for the Arts. This survey investigated the percentage and number of adults, age 18 and over, who attended artistic performances, visited museums, watched broadcasts of arts programs, or read literature. The survey sample numbered more than 17,000 individuals, which makes it one of the most comprehensive polls of art and literature consumption ever conducted. Reading at Risk extrapolates and interprets data on literary reading and compares them with results from similar surveys carried out in 1982 and 1992. The survey asked respondents if, during the previous 12 months, they had read any novels, short stories, plays, or poetry in their leisure time (not for work or school). The report establishes trends in the number of adults reading, listening to, and writing literature by demographic categories of age, race, region, income, and education. This report also compares participation in literary activities with other leisure activities, such as watching movies and exercising. Ten key finding were found and are presented in this document. Appended are: (1) Survey of Public Participation in the Arts Background and Methodology; (2) Data Collection; and (3) an overview of two statistical models that were created in preparing this monograph. (Contains 28 tables and 8 figures.) AU - Bradshaw, Tom AU - Nichols, Bonnie Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - June 2004 SP - 60 PB - National Endowment for the Arts, 1100 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20506-0001. KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Adult Education KW - Demography KW - Recreational Reading KW - Individual Differences KW - Literature KW - Cultural Activities KW - Leisure Time KW - Reading Habits KW - Racial Differences KW - Adults UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62110606?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Raising the barre: the geographic, financial, and economic trends of nonprofit dance companies T2 - Research Div. rept. 44 AN - 59889354; 2004-0100200 AB - US; 1987-2000. Also available in print (LC 203015218). JF - United States National Endowment for the Arts, August 2003. AU - Smith, Thomas M Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - August 2003 PB - United States National Endowment for the Arts KW - United States -- Culture KW - Corporations, Nonprofit -- Finance KW - Performing arts -- Finance KW - United States -- Arts policy KW - Dancers -- United States UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59889354?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Smith%2C+Thomas+M&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Raising+the+barre%3A+the+geographic%2C+financial%2C+and+economic+trends+of+nonprofit+dance+companies&rft.title=Raising+the+barre%3A+the+geographic%2C+financial%2C+and+economic+trends+of+nonprofit+dance+companies&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.arts.gov/pub/RaisingtheBarre.pdf LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - U S Nat Endowment Arts N1 - Document feature - bibl(s), chart(s), il(s), table(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Architecture for Education: New School Designs from the Chicago Competition. AN - 62167353; ED479732 AB - This volume documents the work that resulted from the Chicago Public Schools Design Competition, explaining research and policies underlying the competition's criteria. The volume has three parts. Book 1, "The Chicago Experience," written by the competition's organizers, describes the competition's process and explains how it allowed community members, educational experts, and architects to collaborate in the design of schools that will foster the education of students, support quality teaching, and increase community involvement. It also chronicles the changing trends in public school architecture in Chicago. Book 2, "New School Designs," offers plans and ideas for schools designed for the 21st century. The competition's two winning designs and those of the finalists are extensively documented in drawings and renderings. Book 3, "Policies and Principles," explores policies that provided the impetus for the Chicago competition. It discusses the advantages of smaller learning environments; the benefits to students, teachers, and communities of universal design; application of sustainable design to the creation of public schools; and the importance of cost feasibility when building on a public budget. The section ends with a complete list of the winning, finalist, and notable architectural firms involved in the competition and a list of professional resources for creating new schools. (SM) AU - Robbins, Mark AU - Moelis, Cindy S. AU - Clarke, Pamela H. AU - Hendrickson, Jamie AU - Nowaczewski, Jeanne L. AU - Haar, Sharon Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 141 PB - Distributed Art Publishers, , 155 Sixth Avenue, Second Floor, New York, NY 10013 ($24.95). SN - 1564661016 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - School Community Relationship KW - Public Schools KW - Architectural Character KW - Small Schools KW - Educational Policy KW - Educational Facilities Design KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Urban Schools KW - Universal Design for Learning KW - School Buildings KW - Public Policy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62167353?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Produced along with the Richard H. Driehaus Founda N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Schools for Cities: Urban Strategies. NEA Series on Design. AN - 62162917; ED480548 AB - This monograph presents papers from the 2000 Mayors' Institute on City Design and the public forum that followed it. Essays include: "Schools for Cities: Urban Strategies" (Sharon Haar); "Reenvisioning Schools; The Mayors' Questions" (Leah Ray); "Why Johnny Can't Walk to School" (Constance E. Beaumont); "Lessons from the Chicago Public Schools Design Competition" (Cindy S. Moelis and Beth Valukas); "Something from `Nothing': Information Infrastructure in School Design" (Sheila Kennedy); "An Architect's Primer for Community Interaction" (Julie Eizenberg); "The City of Learning: Schools as Agents for Urban Revitalization" (Roy Strickland); and "Education and the Urban Landscape: Illinois Institute of Technology" (Peter Lindsay Schaudt). Case Studies include: "Prototypes and Paratypes: Future Studies" (Sharon Haar); "Lick-Wilmerding High School, San Francisco" (Pfau Architecture Ltd.); "Architecture of Adjustment, New York City' (kOnyk Architecture); "Booker T. Washington School for the Performing and Visual Arts, Dallas" (Allied Works Architecture Inc.); "Camino Nuevo Middle School, Los Angeles" (Daley, Genik Architects); "Elementary School Prototypes, Chicago Public Schools" (OWP/P Architects). (Contains 31 bibliographic references.) (SM) AU - Haar, Sharon Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 109 PB - Princeton Architectural Press, 37 East Seventh Street, New York, NY 10003. SN - 1568983786 KW - Chicago Public Schools IL KW - New York (New York) KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Public Schools KW - Building Design KW - Urban Areas KW - Educational Change KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Architecture KW - Urban Schools KW - School Buildings KW - Urban Improvement UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62162917?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Changing the beat: a study of the worklife of jazz musicians T2 - NEA Research Div. rept. no. 43 AN - 59888184; 2004-0100190 AB - Examines work experiences of jazz musicians in New York, Detroit, San Francisco, and New Orleans; uses two different survey sampling methodologies: respondent-driven-sampling and a random sample of musician union members. Also available in print (LC 2002154633). JF - United States National Endowment for the Arts, 2002. AU - Jeffri, Joan Y1 - 2002///0, PY - 2002 DA - 0, 2002 PB - United States National Endowment for the Arts KW - Musicians -- United States KW - Jazz music -- United States KW - Working conditions -- United States KW - United States -- Labor sector UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59888184?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Jeffri%2C+Joan&rft.aulast=Jeffri&rft.aufirst=Joan&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Changing+the+beat%3A+a+study+of+the+worklife+of+jazz+musicians&rft.title=Changing+the+beat%3A+a+study+of+the+worklife+of+jazz+musicians&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.arts.gov/pub/JazzII.pdf LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - U S Nat Endowment Arts N1 - Document feature - chart(s), il(s), table(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Gaining the Arts Advantage: More Lessons from School Districts That Value Arts Education. Arts Education Partnership Forum (Washington, DC, October 13, 2000). AN - 62253071; ED463241 AB - To examine how the school districts profiled in "Gaining the Arts Advantage: Lessons from School Districts That Value Arts Education" are responding to the demands of how to provide high quality public education to all students throughout the country and whether their communities continue to support arts education, the Arts Education Partnership invited the profiled districts to Washington, DC, on October 13, 2000. Thirty-two district representative teams (including board members, superintendents, principals, supervisors, teachers, and community leaders) and representatives from the federal government were in attendance. "Crossfire" host Bill Press moderated a panel and audience dialogue with the local board presidents and superintendents. Notes were taken at all sessions to capture the key points. The report is divided into the following sections: "Introduction"; "Sustaining Success" (How Districts Are Sustaining Success; How Districts Are Sustaining Budgets); "Meeting Challenges" (Contending with Population Change; Responding to New Accountability Systems; Finding and Retaining Competent Teachers; Maintaining Continuity in Leadership and Direction); "Summing Up"; "The Impact of Research"; "Acknowledgments"; and "Participating Districts." (BT) AU - Longley, Laura Y1 - 2000/10/13/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Oct 13 SP - 19 PB - Arts Education Partnership, 1 Massachusetts Ave., NW, Suite 700, Washington, DC 20001-1431 ($2). Tel: 202-326-8693; Fax: 202-408-8076; e-mail: aep@ccsso.org. For full text: http://www.aep-arts.org. KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Financial Support KW - Public Schools KW - School Districts KW - Program Development KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Community Involvement KW - Accountability KW - Staff Development KW - Community Influence KW - Art Education UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62253071?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Follow-up to "Gaining the Arts Advantage: Lessons N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - A legacy of leadership: investing in America's living cultural heritage since 1965 AN - 59834499; 2001-0510610 AB - Describes mission and accomplishments of the National Endowment for the Arts (NEA) on the occasion of its 35th anniversary. JF - United States National Endowment for the Arts, September 2000. 96 pp. Y1 - 2000/09// PY - 2000 DA - September 2000 SP - 96 PB - United States National Endowment for the Arts KW - United States -- Arts policy KW - United States -- National endowment for the arts KW - Art -- Federal aid UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59834499?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2000-09-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=A+legacy+of+leadership%3A+investing+in+America%27s+living+cultural+heritage+since+1965&rft.title=A+legacy+of+leadership%3A+investing+in+America%27s+living+cultural+heritage+since+1965&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - U S Nat Endowment Arts (LC 00-107057) (22x22 cm) pa N1 - Document feature - il(s), index(es) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - The National Endowment for the Arts, 1965-2000: a brief chronology of federal support for the arts AN - 59827346; 2001-0510600 AB - United States. JF - United States National Endowment for the Arts, 2000. 79 pp. Y1 - 2000///0, PY - 2000 DA - 0, 2000 SP - 79 PB - United States National Endowment for the Arts KW - United States -- Arts policy KW - United States -- National endowment for the arts KW - Art -- Subsidies KW - Art -- Federal aid UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59827346?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=The+National+Endowment+for+the+Arts%2C+1965-2000%3A+a+brief+chronology+of+federal+support+for+the+arts&rft.title=The+National+Endowment+for+the+Arts%2C+1965-2000%3A+a+brief+chronology+of+federal+support+for+the+arts&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - U S Nat Endowment Arts (LC 00-130341) (19x25 cm) pa N1 - Document feature - il(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Imagine! Introducing Your Child to the Arts. AN - 62523573; ED419750 AB - This booklet provides parents with practical ways to introduce their children to the arts with the continuous message to encourage children to imagine. This book revises and updates the earlier publication "Three Rs for the '90s." Following the foreword by Robert Coles and an introduction by Jane Alexander, the chapters include: (1) "Dance and Your Child"; (2) "The Theater and Children"; (3) "Your Child and the Visual Arts"; (4) Media Literacy and Children"; (5) "From Words to Stories"; (6) "Folk Arts: Art in Everyday Life"; (7) "Architecture and Children"; and (8) "Music and Your Child's Education." An appendix contains additional art education resources for parents. (EH) AU - Donohue, Keith Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 75 PB - National Endowment for the Arts, 1100 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20506-0001, KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Parents KW - Elementary Education KW - Dance KW - Folk Culture KW - Architecture KW - Creativity KW - Aesthetics KW - Music Education KW - Art Education KW - Visual Arts KW - Imagination KW - Art KW - Theater Arts KW - Music KW - Mass Media UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62523573?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - American Canvas: An Arts Legacy for Our Communities. AN - 62434751; ED422253 AB - This report results from regional forums across the country to assess the current state of nonprofit arts in the United States. The report describes a cautionary tale about this nation's cultural legacy, the economic and social conditions surrounding the nonprofit arts, compartmentalization of the arts in community life, the place of the arts in education, and the opportunities and risks presented by new technologies. The report also offers challenges for individuals and organizations to take future action to sustain and preserve the nonprofit arts in their own communities. Chapters of the book include: (1) "Improving the Climate for Culture"; (2) "Transmitting Our Cultural Legacy"; (3) "The Evolving Cultural Landscape"; (4) "Americans and the Arts"; (5) "Culture and Community"; (6) "Arts and Education"; (7) "The Arts and Telecommunications"; (8) "Seeking New Solutions"; (9) "The Challenge to Act"; and (10) "Calls to Action." Two appendices conclude the volume: (1) "American Canvas Forums" and (2) "American Canvas National Committee & Steering Committee." (EH) AU - Larson, Gary O. Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 192 PB - National Endowment for the Arts, 1100 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Washington, DC, 20506-0001; KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Community Support KW - Art KW - Fine Arts KW - Community Role KW - Cultural Education KW - Humanities KW - Community Involvement KW - Aesthetics KW - Cultural Background KW - Art Education UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62434751?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Art Works! Prevention Programs for Youth & Communities. AN - 62308176; ED451428 AB - This book presents model programs that use art in prevention programs for youth. When faced with the serious threats that drugs, violence, and alienation pose for children, communities creatively respond by combining resources and talents. Their lessons are highlighted in this book, and these programs should encourage new collaborations for the sake of young people that extend beyond traditional boundaries. The book begins with two introductions, one by N. R. Chavez and the other by Jane Alexander. Articles included are: (1) "What Is, and What Can Be: Artists Helping Young People" (W. Cleveland); (2) "Tapping Resilience through the Arts" (B. Benard); (3) "The Arts as a Tool for Prevention: The Evaluation Process" (J. D. Betts and J. Paz); and (4) "Resources and Additional Programs for Arts-Based Prevention Programs for Youth" (D. Magie). The rest of the packet offers articles describing eleven successful programs. These programs are: Project Choki & Old Pascua Youth Artists; Vietnamese Youth Development Center Peer Resource Program; Bronx Council on the Arts, WritersCorp; CHIL'ART Playwrights Program; CornerStone Project NETworks Center; Music Theatre Workshop Under Pressure Series; West Dallas Community Centers, Inc., Rites of Passage; South Dakota Improvisational Theatre; United Action for Youth Synthesis Arts Workshop; Teen Resource Project/New Visions/Nueva Visiones Theater; and Charles A. Wustum Museum of Fine Arts, Victory in Peace. (MKA) AU - Randall, Paula Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 100 PB - National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information (NCADI), P.O. Box 2345, Rockville, MD 20847. KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Visual Arts KW - Programs KW - Prevention KW - High Risk Students KW - Elementary School Students KW - Theater Arts KW - Intervention KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Creative Writing KW - High School Students KW - Art Education UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62308176?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Edited by Dian Magie and Christine E. Miller. In c N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - American Dance 1992: Who's Watching? Who's Dancing? AN - 62684714; ED398165 AB - The Surveys of Public Participation in the Arts (SPPAs), funded by the National Endowment for the Arts and conducted by the U.S. Bureau of the Census, were undertaken in 1982, 1985, and 1992. This report is based on the data collected by the SPPA surveys. Although data on dance genres other than ballet were collected under the rubric "other dance," there was some confusion among respondents as to the definition of "other dance." Selected findings indicate: (1) Attendance at ballet performances, which rose from 4.2% to 4.7% of the adult population, is the second lowest rate of all performing art forms. (2) If corrected for those individuals who yearly attend only one ballet performance, such as the annual production of "The Nutcracker," attendance rates drop to 1.25% of the adult population. Attendance at ballet performances is strongly gender related, with males attending at only two-thirds the rate of females. (3) Aside from gender, education and income are the two strongest indicators of ballet performance attendance. However, there has been a decline in attendance by those at the highest education and income levels. (4) Attendance at genres of dance other than ballet was 7.1% of the adult population. (5) American Indians show a high level of annual attendance and participation in other dance, with 26% attendance and 4.85% performance. (6) Males who attend other dance performances also desire to attend additional performances at a higher rate than females. (7) Performance of other dance genres is highest in those ages when higher leisure activity is highest, from 18-24 and after retirement. (8) Ballet audiences cross over to other dance performances at a higher rate than other dance audiences cross over to ballet attendance. (9) For both ballet and other dance, 84% of those individuals who have taken classes or lessons do not attend any dance performance in a year, raising questions and concerns for consideration by dance educators. (MM) AU - Lemmon, Jack R. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 113 PB - National Endowment for the Arts, The Nancy Hanks Center, 100 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W., Washington, DC 20506-0001. KW - Surveys of Public Participation in the Arts KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Audience Participation KW - Dance KW - Fine Arts KW - Audiences KW - Audience Response KW - Cultural Activities KW - Group Behavior KW - Dance Education KW - Audience Analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62684714?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Americans Personal Participation in the Arts: 1992. A Monograph Describing the Data from the Survey of Public Participation in the Arts. AN - 62592556; ED404273 AB - This monograph examines the extent to which the U.S. adult population was involved in personal art participation in 1992, compares it to participation in 1982, and profiles personal arts participants. The National Endowment for the Arts attempted to determine the scope of adult public participation in the arts through the Surveys of Public Participation in the Arts (SPPA) of 1982, 1985, and 1992. Conducted by the U.S. Bureau of the Census and originally focused on participation and attendance of events related to opera, ballet, classical music, art museums, musicals/operetta, and plays, the later surveys included a look at other forms such as weaving, photography, sculpting, and attendance at art/crafts events and movies. The document is organized into 4 sections. Section 1 looks at the number and proportions of individuals involved in various types of hands-on activities through creation or performance of art. The extent of hands-on arts participation is compared with other dimensions of art participation, including arts attendance, arts media involvement, and taking art classes. Section 2 profiles personal arts participants as a group according to demographic backgrounds and involvement, participation, or preference for various activities. Section 3 looks at each group of participants according to the specific art form. Section 4 summarizes the patterns and highlights the findings on personal art activities. The Appendix provides additional data tables and 1982 and 1992 survey questionnaire information regarding methodology and measuring sampling. (MM) AU - Peters, Monnie AU - Cherbo, Joni Maya Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 92 KW - Arts Participation KW - Survey of Public Participation in the Arts KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Audience Participation KW - Dance KW - Surveys KW - Music Activities KW - Music Appreciation KW - Attitudes KW - Fine Arts KW - Social Science Research KW - Continuing Education KW - Theater Arts KW - Art Appreciation KW - Audience Analysis KW - Art Activities UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62592556?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Age and Arts Participation, with a Focus on the Baby Boom Cohort. Research Division Report #34. AN - 62567598; ED410186 AB - Using data taken from the National Endowment for the Arts' Surveys of Public Participation in the Arts (SPPA) which were conducted in 1982 and 1992, this report looks at the effect of age on adult arts participation in seven benchmark or core art forms: classical music, opera, ballet, musicals, jazz, plays, and art museums. The report examines the participation of different cohorts between 1982 and 1992, with a special look at the baby boomer generation. Analysis results indicate that baby boomers and their successors, Generation X, tend to participate in most of the seven core art forms at lower rates than their elders. It is suggested that many baby boomers are participating in the core art forms, and especially music, through popular culture or in other ways that are not accounted for in these data. On that assumption, it is no accident that their rates of participation are highest in jazz - the art form closest to popular music - and in art museums, with which popular music competes least. It is recommended that the nature and location of that "other" participation be determined and that art organizations develop strategies to lure non-participants away from their present activities to those (traditional core art forms) that might be considered more enriching for adults. (MM) AU - Peterson, Richard A. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 155 PB - Seven Locks Press, P.O. Box 25689, Santa Ana, CA 92799-5689; phone: 1-800-354-5348. KW - Art Museums KW - Art Organizations KW - Arts Participation KW - Generation X KW - Musicals KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Policymakers KW - Audience Participation KW - Dance KW - Opera KW - Museums KW - Popular Culture KW - Classical Music KW - Jazz KW - Fine Arts KW - Social Science Research KW - Audiences KW - Popular Music KW - Statistical Data KW - Baby Boomers KW - Audience Analysis KW - Trend Analysis KW - Drama UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62567598?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Edited by Erin V. Lehman. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Artists in the Work Force: Employment and Earnings, 1970-1990. Research Division Report #37. AN - 62562151; ED408487 AB - Data from the U.S. Census and more limited surveys aimed at specific artist occupations were used to profile the employment and earnings of four groups of artists in 1970-1990: authors, artists who work with their hands, performing artists, and architects and designers. The following items were examined: evidence of multiple job holding; reliability/consistency of data from various sources; growth of the field; geographic areas where individuals in the field are most likely to live and work; age, sex, and racial patterns in the field; education, employment, and income levels for the field and its various subfields; satisfaction with the field; and challenges facing individuals working in the field. Income and employment levels varied widely both between and within the four occupational groups examined. The numbers of people employed in all the occupations examined increased significantly during the decades examined. In 1989, authors' total earnings averaged $23,335. In 1990, the median income for full-time female painters/craft artists was $18,762. In 1989, actors/directors, dancers, musicians, decorators/designers, and architects had median incomes of $22,000, $8,500, $9,900, $45,873, and $56,773, respectively. In general, women tended to earn less than their male counterparts. (MN) AU - Alper, Neil O. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 153 PB - Seven Locks Press, PO Box 25689 Santa Ana, CA 92799; phone: 800-354-5348; fax: 714/545-1572. SN - 0929765486 KW - United States KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Artists KW - Dance KW - Unemployment KW - Quality of Life KW - National Surveys KW - Educational Attainment KW - Authors KW - Outcomes of Education KW - Income KW - Underemployment KW - Architects KW - Salary Wage Differentials KW - Labor Supply KW - Employment Patterns KW - Age Differences KW - Education Work Relationship KW - Musicians KW - Geographic Location KW - Employment Opportunities KW - Racial Differences KW - Art Education KW - Foreign Countries KW - Ethnic Groups KW - Designers KW - Theater Arts KW - Sex Differences KW - Tables (Data) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62562151?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Effects of Arts Education on Participation in the Arts. Research Division Report 36. AN - 62559971; ED409259 AB - Using data from the 1992 Survey of Public Participation in the Arts (SPPA92), research focused on the question: "Does arts education make arts participation more accessible to Americans?" The effects of both school-based arts education and community-based arts education were considered and compared. Art forms considered in this investigation were classical music, jazz, opera, musical plays or operettas, non-musical dramatic plays, ballet, other forms of dance, poetry, novels or short stories, visual art, and video programs about the arts or artists. Measures of arts consumption employed were live attending at arts performances (attendance); listening to radio broadcasts or audio recordings on record, tape, or compact disc (audio media); watching performances on television and/or using the videocassette recorder (video media); and reading print literature or listening to recordings of print literature (print media). The following are summarized research findings presented in this document. (1) Arts education was the strongest predictor of almost all types of arts participation (arts performances being the exception). Those with the most arts education were also the highest consumers and creators of various art forms. (2) The higher one's socioeconomic status (SES), the more arts education one received. The SES was more important to increased community-based arts education than for school-based arts. Men were only slightly less likely than women to take arts courses in school but much less likely to do so in community-based arts education agencies outside of school. White respondents reported much higher levels of community arts education than did Asians, African-Americans, or Hispanics. (3) The more one received of both school- and community-based arts education, the more one participated in arts as an adult, either through consumption or creation. The exception was in art performance where having received community-based arts education did nothing to predict arts performance, and receiving school-based education actually decreased the likelihood that individuals would continue to perform as adults. This document includes figures, tables, appendices, notes, and a bibliography. (MM) AU - Bergonzi, Louis AU - Smith, Julia Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 85 PB - Seven Locks Press, P.O. Box 4466, Santa Ana, CA 90749. SN - 0929765478 KW - Arts Participation KW - Survey of Public Participation in the Arts KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Audience Participation KW - Dance KW - Community Education KW - Literature KW - Language Arts KW - Dance Education KW - Music Education KW - Art Education KW - Visual Arts KW - Art KW - Fine Arts KW - Audiences KW - Dramatics KW - Theater Arts KW - Music KW - Audience Analysis KW - Tables (Data) KW - Drama UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62559971?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - The Changing Faces of Tradition: A Report on the Folk and Traditional Arts in the United States. Research Division Report 38. AN - 62498736; ED411195 AB - Most folk art activity occurs outside institutional settings, and while some of it intersects with commerce and popular culture, other portions find nurture from public and private funding. This study sketches the breadth and depth of folk and traditional arts activity in the United States. The inquiry combines field-based or case study methodologies and quantitative research. A small number of organizations, individuals, and activities were selected as case studies to provide in-depth examination of common issues, obstacles and useful strategies for action. Through these examples the report explores ways in which individuals, events, and organizations function in relationship to communities and traditions. Statistical information gives an idea of the involvement and interest in disparate areas of traditional culture and among various communities. The results of this study suggest that involvement and interest in folk arts and folk culture is significant and pervasive. Diversity of organizational involvement and type of activity is a characteristic feature of folk arts and culture. The guiding principles of the study include the understanding that all folk artists are local and that folk arts provide a sense of community. The findings suggest several challenges: to respect cultural differences and encourage understandings among diverse groups; to consider the ways to make broader recognition and participation possible; to develop more inclusive definitions of what constitutes "art," what constitutes "arts" organizations, and more holistic and flexible approaches to efforts involving cultural presentation and conservation. (MM) AU - Peterson, Elizabeth Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 199 KW - Art Organizations KW - Arts Participation KW - Folk Art KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Financial Support KW - Community KW - Artists KW - Design Crafts KW - Folk Culture KW - Cultural Activities KW - Community Resources KW - Cultural Education KW - Multicultural Education KW - Cultural Maintenance KW - Art Education KW - Art KW - Social Science Research KW - Handicrafts KW - Craft Workers UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62498736?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Eloquent Evidence: Arts at the Core of Learning. AN - 62497827; ED419761 AB - This guide reflects on the relationships among learning, knowing, and the arts. The booklet examines the research related to cognitive learning and the arts, while making the case that the arts can help student learning in all aspects of life. Student engagement and persistence improve with an arts-based curriculum and high risk students are helped through the arts. The arts foster understanding of people as individuals and of other cultures as well. The arts are seen as a preparation for students in finding jobs. The booklet concludes with a listing of resources for educators and parents. (EH) Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 18 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Parents KW - Practitioners KW - Teachers KW - School Community Relationship KW - Art KW - Competence KW - Directories KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Improvement KW - Performance KW - Educational Improvement KW - Educational Quality KW - Art Education KW - Achievement UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62497827?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Employment and Earnings of Performing Artists, 1970-1990. Draft Report, May 1995. AN - 62650451; ED390727 AB - This report looks at the performing artist labor force. Trends in employment, earnings, and geographic distribution of performing artists from 1970 to 1990, are examined. Focus is on three principal occupational groups: actors and directors; dancers; and musicians and composers. Major data sources are described. A summary of findings indicates that during the period from 1970-1990: (1) performing artists as a work force grew 50% faster than the national labor force; (2) intermittent work periods, which are characteristic of the performing arts profession, increases the likelihood that the number of this labor force is being undercounted; (3) performers' unemployment rates consistently exceed the national average and long-term unemployment and frequent cycles between employment hampers the full utilization of this work force; (4) technologies which substitute for live performances have affected employment in the performing arts industry; (5) performers as a group increased their income levels, but gains are not equally shared and earning levels depend on the type of work performers do; and (6) performing artists tend to cluster in the West and Northwest of the United States, areas which also have the highest rate of unemployment for performing artists. An increase in the work force in the South is a significant trend. Recommendations are given for improved data collection. An appendix includes discussions about general economic and technical issues, an annotated bibliography, and data tables produced from the data sources. (NP) AU - Kay, Ann O. AU - Butcher, Stephyn G. Y1 - 1995/05// PY - 1995 DA - May 1995 SP - 184 PB - National Endowment for the Arts, Research Division, 1100 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W., Washington, DC 20506. KW - Directing (Theater) KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Musicians KW - Dance KW - Employment Level KW - Unemployment KW - Human Geography KW - Employment Statistics KW - Employment KW - Income KW - Economic Factors KW - Demography KW - Labor Turnover KW - Social Science Research KW - Acting KW - Musical Composition KW - Theater Arts KW - Labor Market KW - Employment Patterns KW - Trend Analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62650451?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Arts Participation and Race/Ethnicity. An Analysis of 1982, 1985, and 1992 SPPA Surveys. AN - 62650962; ED398164 AB - This report analyzes data from the 1982, 1985, and 1992 Surveys of Public Participation in the Arts (SPPA). Analysis focuses on the role of race/ethnicity in arts participation. Arts participation is defined as involvement in a listed activity at least once in the past 12 months. Race is defined along categories used by the U.S. Bureau of Census. Selected findings indicate: (1) Attendance rates at live performing and visual arts activities are low for members of all races. In some cases, minority group attendance is increasing at rates faster than white attendance. (2) Differences between white and minority participation are smaller for arts participation through media. (3) Frequency-of-Participation analysis indicates that although whites are more likely to attend or watch than members of other races, the percentage of one-time attenders is much higher than for those of other groups. Minority individuals are more likely than whites to participate frequently. (4) The majority of SPPA respondents do not participate personally in the creation of visual, performing, or literary art. In general, respondents display highest personal participation rates for weaving, quilting, needlepoint, and sewing. (5) All races and ethnicities are more likely to have taken music lessons and classes in art appreciation/history than in and other artistic discipline. (6) Members of each racial group express interest in many types of music. However, certain types of music are preferred by members of one group more than by members of other groups. (7) There is a general similarity among members of each race in terms of their desire for more arts activities. (8) The effect of sociodemographics is variable and related to such things as content of the art form and venue in which the art form is presented. (9) Aside from race, educational attainment and income are key predictors of participation for all races. (MM) AU - Love, Jeffrey AU - Klipple, Bramble C. Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 75 PB - National Endowment for the Arts, The Nancy Hanks Center, 100 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington DC 20506-0001. KW - Surveys of Public Participation in the Arts KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Audience Participation KW - Dance KW - Community Education KW - Audience Response KW - Cultural Activities KW - Popular Culture KW - Racial Differences KW - Visual Arts KW - Music Appreciation KW - Fine Arts KW - Social Science Research KW - Audiences KW - Theater Arts KW - Music KW - Group Behavior KW - Art Appreciation KW - Audience Analysis KW - Racial Factors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62650962?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - American Participation in Opera and Musical Theater, 1992. Research Division Report #32. AN - 62566097; ED406266 AB - Data gleaned from the 1982, 1985, and 1992 Surveys of Public Participation in the Arts (SPPAs) were used in this analysis of participation in opera and musical theater/operetta. Findings indicate that opera is the least popular of the fine arts, being the least frequented and the least selected as an activity respondents would like to attend more frequently. Opera attendees are more likely than other arts' attendee groups to attend all other fine arts activities, and show a significant interest in more types of music than any other arts attendee group. There is a strong relationship between early general arts education and adult opera attendance. Opera attendees are predominantly white, better educated, wealthier, and somewhat older than other art goers, but younger persons are attending in about the same proportions in 1992 as in 1982. More persons watch or listen to opera on the media than attend live performances. Findings of musical theater/operetta participation indicates that attendance of these forms of theater is second to attendance of art museums. Musical theater/operettas' primary appeal is live performance. Many more individuals indicated that they would attend musical theater performances if cost and accessibility were not issues. The report includes tables and appendices. (MM) AU - Cherbo, Joni Maya AU - Peters, Monnie Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 118 PB - Seven Locks Press, 1400 E. Watson Center Rd., Carson, CA 90745-4319; KW - Musicals KW - Operettas KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Audience Participation KW - Opera KW - Audience Response KW - Cultural Activities KW - Surveys KW - Fine Arts KW - Audiences KW - Theater Arts KW - Group Behavior KW - Audience Analysis KW - Tables (Data) KW - Behavioral Science Research UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62566097?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Turning On and Tuning In: Media Participation in the Arts. Research Division Report #33. AN - 62547356; ED406267 AB - Data gleaned from the 1982, 1985, and 1992 Surveys of Public Participation in the Arts (SPPAs) were used in this analysis of participation in the arts via television, radio, and sound recordings. The arts examined were jazz, classical music, opera, musicals and operettas, plays, dance, and the visual arts. Selected findings are as follows: (1) Arts participation increases with age. (2) An aging population will increase arts participation. (3) Arts participation increases with education. (4) Arts participation rises with income. (5) Income plays a lesser role in participation via the broadcast media than that of live performance participation. (6) Urban residents are more likely to participate in the arts than are rural residents. (7) Urban residence is not as important a determinant of participation via the broadcast media and recordings as it is for live performance participation. (8) Men are less likely to participate in the arts than are women. (9) Whites are more likely to participate in the arts than are other racial groups. Policy implications supported by the findings include: (1) some television channels can be dedicated to arts programming; (2) arts organizations may explore greater use of videotapes and music videos for the cultures; and (3) educators can further enhance exposure to the arts at all levels. Tables and appendices are provided. (MM) AU - Gray, Charles M. Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 109 PB - Seven Locks Press, 1400 E. Watson Center Rd., Carson, CA 90745-4319, 800-354-5348. KW - Operettas KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Audience Participation KW - Dance KW - Opera KW - Audience Response KW - Cultural Activities KW - Surveys KW - Mass Media Role KW - Visual Arts KW - Classical Music KW - Jazz KW - Fine Arts KW - Audiences KW - Television KW - Theater Arts KW - Group Behavior KW - Audience Analysis KW - Tables (Data) KW - Drama KW - Behavioral Science Research UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62547356?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Patterns of Multiple Arts Participation: An Analysis of 1982, 1985, and 1992 SPPA Data. AN - 62546490; ED410145 AB - Analyzing data from the 1982, 1985, and 1992 Surveys of Public Participation in the Arts (SPPA), this study defined arts participation as involvement in a listed activity at least once in 12 months. Respondents were considered crossover participants if they were involved in a single art form in more than one way or if they were involved in more than one art form in any manner listed in the surveys. What constituted crossover and the characteristics of multi-participants as compared to non-participants were also part of this study. Four types of statistical procedures were used. An analysis of relationships among participants in arts activities was made through the use of correlations cluster analyses and factor analyses. Six major findings indicated that: (1) significant crossover was limited to groups of activities that were related in some manner; (2) decisions to cross participate largely involved consideration of similarities among activities; (3) the average multiple arts participant was over 40 years old, female, college educated, earning more than 20 thousand dollars annually, white, and residing in or near urban area; (4) the average age of participants was rising; (5) strong relationships among groupings of activities were based on definable similarities; and (6) the primary explanatory factor in crossover participation was the ability to view the arts on television or video. These themes suggest a strategy that includes use of media outlets (especially television) as the vehicle for involving people in participation of more than one type of art. (MM) AU - Love, Jeffrey Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 79 KW - Arts Participation KW - Surveys of Public Participation in the Arts KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Audience Participation KW - Mass Media Use KW - Dance KW - Visual Arts KW - Art KW - Television Viewing KW - Fine Arts KW - Social Science Research KW - Audiences KW - Music KW - Attitude Measures KW - Drama UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62546490?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - The Arts and Education: Partners in Achieving Our National Education Goals. AN - 62493600; ED419760 AB - This action guide reflects the discussions and recommendations of the Goals 2000 Education Action Planning Process. The booklet includes a summary checklist of critical actions that must be taken by those working at the national, state, and local levels to advance the arts in the Goals 2000 education improvement process. The sections of the booklet offer a brief statement of the national education goals, four reasons for the inclusion of the arts in education reform, a summary checklist of what must be done and how each individual has a responsibility to ensure that actions occur, a description of four critical factors necessary to achieve the voluntary implementation of the national goals, and a partial listing of national organizations participating in the Goals 2000 Arts Education Planning Process. (EH) Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 14 PB - National Endowment for the Arts, The Nancy Hanks Center, 1100 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Washington, DC, 20506-0001, KW - Goals 2000 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Parents KW - Practitioners KW - Teachers KW - School Community Relationship KW - Art KW - Directories KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Educational Improvement KW - Educational Quality KW - Art Education UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62493600?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Jazz in America: Who's Listening? NEA Draft Report. AN - 62640048; ED390755 AB - This research report examines the data collected in The Survey of Public Participation in the Arts (SPPA) for 1992, funded by the National Endowment for the Arts. The study also provides a context for interpreting the data with a comparison to a similar survey of 1982. Jazz was defined as the respondents saw fit. Findings of the survey include: (1) participation in jazz is correlated strongly with education and income; (2) participation rates are consistently higher for men than for women and for African-Americans than for white Americans; (3) in all other benchmarks arts activities, participation rates are higher for women than for men and for whites than for blacks; (4) although jazz retains a multi-racial audience, it enjoys particular support from the black community; (5) the audience for jazz and classical music overlap to a considerable extent; and (6) those who attend jazz performances are more likely than the population as a whole to participate in a wide range of leisure activities, such as movies, exercise, sports, or charity work. Tables and figures presenting the data accompany the paper. (EH) AU - DeVeaux, Scott Y1 - 1994/09// PY - 1994 DA - September 1994 SP - 77 PB - National Endowment for the Arts, The Nancy Hanks Center, 1100 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W., Washington, DC 20506. KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Music Appreciation KW - Jazz KW - Folk Culture KW - Fine Arts KW - Social Science Research KW - Cultural Activities KW - Music KW - Popular Culture KW - Humanities KW - North American Culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62640048?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Architecture & Design Arts Occupations, 1940-1990. AN - 62637976; ED394864 AB - Using data from federal government records and professional membership organizations, this study examines trends in demographics, education, employment, and earnings of architects and individuals in design arts occupations between 1940-1990. Findings indicate that: (1) participation in architecture and design occupations has increased slightly as a percentage of the experienced labor force and (2) significantly as part of the arts labor force. (3) The majority of participants in these occupations are between 25-44 years of age. (4) Architecture and design occupations remain predominantly white, male professions. (5) Only in the decorator profession does participation by women exceed that of men. (6) The Northeast and Midwest have lost their historic dominance in the architecture and design professions. (7) College experience has increased for participants in these professions. (8) The percentage of self employed architects has decreased, the percentage of self employed designers has increased. High levels of part time employment among decorators and designers reflect the large percentage of women in these professions. (9) Architectural receipts of $10 billion and graphic arts receipts of $3.2 billion were recorded in 1987. (10) Median income of architects and those in design professions was above that of the labor force average in 1989. Aspects of professionalism and competition, design deficits, and aesthetic utopian attitudes are discussed. Contains charts, statistical tables, and 58 references. (NP) AU - Chartrand, Harry Hillman Y1 - 1994/09// PY - 1994 DA - September 1994 SP - 74 PB - Research Division, Room 617, National Endowment for the Arts, 1100 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W., Washington, DC 20506. KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Artists KW - Employment Level KW - Unemployment KW - Human Geography KW - Employment Statistics KW - Employment KW - Economic Impact KW - Interior Design KW - Income KW - Economic Factors KW - Demography KW - Labor Turnover KW - Designers KW - Architects KW - Labor Market KW - Employment Patterns KW - Trend Analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62637976?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Annex pages contain light, broken type. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Trends in Artist Occupations: 1970-1990. Report #29. AN - 62555856; ED408202 AB - This report examines the characteristics of the artist population in 1990 and compares them to the 1980 and 1970 census results. Artist occupations selected for study include: actors and directors; announcers; architects; authors; dancers; designers; musicians and composers; painters, sculptors, craft-artists, and artist printmakers; photographers; teachers of art, drama and music in higher education; and artists, performers, and related workers not classified elsewhere. The study examines: (1) "Growth in the Artist Work Force"; (2) "Geographic Trends"; (3) "Demographic Trends"; (4) "Trends Among Women and Minority Artists"; (5) "Age Trends"; (6) "Education Trends"; (7) "Full Time Work Last Year"; (8) "Earnings Trends"; and (9) "Occupation Profiles." Findings indicate that very significant changes have occurred over the target time period. Artists have become more geographically diverse over the two decades. Growth among artist occupations has substantially outdistanced that for the labor force as a whole and for all professional occupations, of which artists account for about one-tenth. Incomes for artists, however, lag significantly behind those for other professionals of equal education and training. The report includes extensive tables and graphs of statistical information. (MM) AU - Ellis, Diane C. AU - Beresford, John C. Y1 - 1994/08// PY - 1994 DA - August 1994 SP - 120 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. KW - Earning Potential KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Artists KW - Musicians KW - Dance KW - Employment Statistics KW - Educational Trends KW - Higher Education KW - Occupational Surveys KW - Acting KW - Architects KW - Craft Workers KW - Population Trends KW - Photography KW - Trend Analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62555856?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For the 1970-1980 edition, see ED 288 758. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Lifelong Journey: An Education in the Arts. AN - 62422227; ED425991 AB - This pamphlet outlines the National Endowment for the Arts' (NEA's) principles for lifelong learning in the arts and identifies four broad areas that guide the NEA's planning and support. The four areas include: (1) "Pre-K to Post-Secondary Arts Education"; (2) "Pre-Professional and Professional Development in the Arts"; (3) "Avocational Arts Education"; and (4) "Tradition-Based Learning in the Arts." Each of these areas is briefly described with examples. The "Principles and Characteristics of Excellence in Arts Education" and the "Statement of Principles," guiding the beliefs in a quality education and for a lifelong education in the arts, also are defined. (EH) AU - Larson, Gary O. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 34 PB - National Endowment for the Arts, 1100 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20506-0001; KW - National Endowment for the Arts KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Artists KW - Hobbies KW - Lifelong Learning KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Popular Culture KW - Art Education KW - Art KW - Fine Arts KW - Recreational Activities KW - Standards KW - Individual Activities KW - Interests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62422227?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Dancemakers. AN - 62693597; ED379243 AB - A study of the general working conditions, financial status, performance opportunities, funding, and work practices of choreographers in New York City, Chicago (Illinois), San Francisco (California), and Washington, D.C. was conducted in order to develop benchmark statistics. These statistics focus on the national choreographer population and document the difficulties under which these artists work. Completed mail questionnaires from more than 500 choreographers and telephone interviews with over 200 more provided the primary data. Study findings revealed a disparity between choreographers' high educational attainments and their low income levels. The survey also found that choreographers' income was 34 percent below the median for women professionals in 1989 (about 73 percent of respondents were women). Average income from choreography for men was twice that for women: the gender differential was 48 percent. Other findings included the following: (1) 81 percent turned to choreography from careers as dancers; (2) 55 percent described their work as experimental/modern; (3) about 1,800 works had been composed by 479 respondents of which 28 percent were solos; (4) 397 reported problems finding rehearsal space; and (5) respondents identified 4 major problems: documentation of work, finding dancers, management, and personal and career advancement issues. Appendixes contain information on participants and authors and a copy of the survey. (JB) AU - Netzer, Dick AU - Parker, Ellen Y1 - 1993/10// PY - 1993 DA - October 1993 SP - 99 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. KW - California KW - District of Columbia KW - Illinois KW - New York KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Policymakers KW - Financial Support KW - Dance KW - Salaries KW - Employment Statistics KW - Academic Achievement KW - Higher Education KW - Dance Education KW - Occupational Surveys KW - Income KW - Financial Problems KW - Urban Areas KW - Theater Arts KW - Sex Differences KW - Work Environment KW - Education Work Relationship UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62693597?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Photographs may not reproduce well. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Arts Participation in America: 1982-1992. Research Division Report #27. AN - 62690770; ED378105 AB - This document presents an analysis of the 1992 nationwide Survey of Public Participation in the Arts (SPPA), conducted by the U.S. Bureau of the Census for the National Endowment for the Arts. Data were collected in household surveys. Respondents were part of a larger continuously rotating panel of adults who were interviewed monthly either by phone or face to face in their homes. Total sample size was 12,736. As most of the questions in the 1992 SPPA had been asked in similar surveys in 1982 and 1985, the report showed comparisons of responses over a decade. New questions concerned use of video cassette recordings (VCR), dance forms other than ballet, and different types of popular music. Following an executive summary of sponsorship, conduct, and principal funding of the survey, the foreword sets forth the purpose, history, uses, and organization of the report. Chapters 1 through 6 look in depth at the major areas of concern: (1) Attendance at Live Performances/Events; (2) Arts Participation through Broadcasting and Recorded Media. (3) Personal Participation in the Arts; (4) Comparisons of Types of Arts Participation; (5) Art Attitudes and Predisposition to the Arts; (6) Related Research; and (7) Summary and Conclusions. Analysis of responses indicated that over the decade 1982-1992 more people in general participated in the arts through attendance at live arts perfomances, events, and museums; through broadcast and recorded media; and by personal performance and creation. Increases were found in the proportions of people who said they liked opera, classical music, jazz, and musical/operetta music. However, reading literature, visits to historic sites, and audience attendance for musicals and plays were down. Eight appendixes provide instruments used in the survey and suggested areas for additional research. (MM) AU - Robinson, John P. Y1 - 1993/10// PY - 1993 DA - October 1993 SP - 126 PB - Research Division, National Endowment for the Arts, 1100 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W., Washington, DC 20506. KW - Survey of Public Participation in the Arts KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Audience Participation KW - Mass Media Use KW - Statistical Studies KW - National Surveys KW - Adults KW - Television Viewing KW - Fine Arts KW - Social Science Research KW - Audiences KW - Theater Arts KW - Radio KW - Attitude Measures KW - Tables (Data) KW - Films UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62690770?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Some pages in the appendixes contain small print a N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - The Arts and 504, A Handbook for Accessible Arts Programming. Revised. AN - 62627975; ED388554 AB - This handbook is designed to assist arts organizations in complying with disability access regulations. It details how to include the needs of disabled people into programming efforts and also provides information on the Arts Endowment's 504 Regulation, which applies to federally funded organizations, and the 1990 Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), which extends accessibility provisions to the private sector. This 100-page publication describes approaches to making arts programs accessible through audience development and staff training. It also discusses communications with people who have impaired mobility, hearing, sight, or learning disabilities. Other chapters look at compliance issues for specific arts disciplines--the visual arts, performing arts, literacy, media, and design arts. (EH) Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 111 PB - Superintendent of Document, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402 (Stock No. 036-000-00047-3, $6.50). KW - Rehabilitation Act 1973 (Section 504) KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Public Sector KW - Facility Requirements KW - Equal Facilities KW - Normalization (Disabilities) KW - Hearing Impairments KW - Learning Disabilities KW - Legal Responsibility KW - Disability Discrimination KW - Accessibility (for Disabled) KW - Facility Guidelines KW - Language Impairments KW - Facility Improvement KW - Physical Disabilities KW - Art Activities UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62627975?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For earlier edition, see ED 269 309. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Twenty Years of Economic Impact Studies of the Arts: A Review. AN - 62568239; ED410184 AB - This analysis begins with a review of the history of economic impact studies of the arts. Characteristics of the environment that have led to the development of the economic impact study as an advocacy tool are identified and some of the significant early research in the area that set patterns for later studies is cited. In the second section of the study the major findings of prior studies of the economic impact of the arts are given. These indicate that: (1) the arts constitute a significant large-scale business activity; and (2) the arts have experienced significant growth in a very short period of time. In the third section of the study, issues of research design relevant to these studies are identified, including purpose, definition of the arts industry, methods of measuring impact, data-collection methods, selection and use of multipliers, and research administration. Contains 277 references. (MM ) AU - Radich, Anthony J. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 129 KW - Art Industry KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Economic Research KW - Fine Arts KW - Social Science Research KW - Economics KW - Economic Development KW - Economic Impact KW - Economics Education UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62568239?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Planning To Make the Arts Basic: A Report to the National Endowment for the Arts on the Impact and Results of the Arts in Schools Basic Education Grants Program. AN - 62766683; ED365578 AB - This report is an overview of events that have taken place over the last 4 years to further efforts to make the arts part of what every schoolchild learns in every grade. The report recounts how the Arts in Schools Basic Education Grants (AISBEG), a targeted federal pilot project of the National Endowment for the Arts, has stimulated change at the state level and in classrooms around the country. A chart presents a state-by-state breakdown of program grants for fiscal years 1987 through 1990. Part 1 of the report sets out "AISBEG Goals and Response." Part 2 looks at "Defining Planning." Part 3 of the report presents "Implications for the Future: Conclusions and Recommendations." Each of the parts includes a table of contents. Profiles describing each state's participation in the program also appear in the report as does a listing of national arts and education organizations. (SG) AU - Stevens, Louise K. Y1 - 1991/08// PY - 1991 DA - August 1991 SP - 375 KW - Arts in Schools Basic Education Grants KW - National Endowment for the Arts KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Policymakers KW - Researchers KW - State Programs KW - Curriculum Development KW - Educational Change KW - Educational Finance KW - Educational Planning KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Program Evaluation KW - Art Education UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62766683?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - The Audience for American Art Museums. Research Division Report #23. AN - 62829047; ED351242 AB - This study uses data from the 1985 Survey of Public Participation in the Arts (SPPA) to explore the composition of the audience for art museums and art galleries in the United States. Organized into four parts, part 1 reports that when asked if they had visited an art museum or art gallery in the 12 months preceding their 1985 SPPA interview, 22 percent of the adult population said that they had. The report goes on to present art museum participation rates across a variety of demographic variables--income, education, age, gender, race, geographic distribution, and occupation. This section also compares the 1985 SPPA participation rates with those of the Americans and the Arts Studies, and with participation rates from Great Britain, France, Sweden, and Quebec. A statistical model designed to predict the probability of attendance based on demographic factors also is developed in part 1, but this model's low predictive ability leads to the conclusion that other variables need to be examined. Part 2 of the report focuses on three SPPA socialization questions that are most likely to be linked to attendance at art museums: whether or not, and at what ages, the respondent had ever taken lessons in the visual arts; whether or not, and at what ages, the respondent had taken art appreciation classes; and whether or not, and the frequency with which, parents had taken the respondent to museums. An analysis of these questions reveals that all three of these factors show a strong relationship with increased attendance. Part 3 of the report examines unsatisfied demand and barriers to attendance. Part 4 presents a profile of the museum audience and examines how the demographic characteristics of the SPPA respondents are distributed among the museum audience and how this audience profile compares to the profile of the general population. An appendix that presents the mathematical results from the three logit analyses (a variation of regression analysis) that were conducted with the SPPA museum attendance data also is included. (DB) AU - Schuster, Mark J. Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 66 KW - Survey of Public Participation in the Arts KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Art KW - Audiences KW - Museums KW - Public Policy KW - National Surveys KW - Adults KW - Audience Analysis KW - Arts Centers KW - Art Activities UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62829047?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For a related document, see SO 022 447. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Expanding the Audience for the Performing Arts. Research Division Report #24. AN - 62828773; ED351243 AB - This paper is directed at performing arts managers interested in developing marketing techniques in order to expand the audiences for their performances. The paper outlines a model of the process by which an individual progresses from lack of interest in the performing arts to active participation and interest. The model that describes this "adoption process" involves a transition across six stages: (1) Disinterest; (2) Interest; (3) Trial; (4) Positive Evaluation; (5) Adoption; and (6) Confirmation. In order to test the model and explore its implications, data from the Survey of Public Participation in the Arts (SPPA) were used. A sample of 2,607 responding persons surveyed in 1982 was employed. The sample was distributed across the six stages of the Performing Arts Adoption Model, and the data were analyzed for the characteristics of the respondents at these different stages. The characteristics analyzed included childhood socialization, adult socialization, life style, work and television viewing, age and the family life cycle, socioeconomic and background characteristics, barriers, and arts attended and arts sought. Table 4 reports on the extent to which stages in the performing arts addition process are associated with a college education or with taking classes in the arts. From the analysis, it was found that respondents in Stage I, those disinterested and not attending the arts, were dramatically different from those in the other five stages. It was concluded that the research offered strong support for the model both as a way of describing the process of becoming involved in arts patronage and as a source of insights into the factors that encourage or inhibit movement through the process. The paper concludes with four recommendations for performing arts managers, and lists empirical insights and research recommendations. (DB) AU - Andreasen, Alan R. Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 62 KW - Survey of Public Participation in the Arts 1982 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Art KW - Audiences KW - Theater Arts KW - Marketing KW - Communication Research KW - National Surveys KW - Audience Analysis KW - Attendance KW - Art Activities UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62828773?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For a related document, see SO 022 446; for an ear N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Who Reads Literature? The Future of the United States as a Nation of Readers. AN - 62959318; ED324633 AB - This book draws on extensive demographic information to present a portrait of the nation's reading habits. Research offers the following observations and facts: reading of serious contemporary literature is the pastime of a distinct minority; the proportion of Americans who read serious literature is between 7 and 12% and contemporary fiction, poetry, and drama attract those adults who have at least some college education and incomes of $25,000 and over. Following a foreword and an introduction, the book's four chapters are as follows: (1) Readers of Fiction, Poetry, and Drama: How Many and Who Are They? (2) What the Readers are Reading; (3) Factors That Affect Literary Participation; and (4) Expanding the Audience: What Can Be Done? Seventy notes are included. A technical appendix discusses statistical procedures used in the book, and presents three tables of data. (SR) AU - Zill, Nicholas AU - Winglee, Marianne Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 120 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - United States Literature KW - Reading Habits KW - Contemporary Literature KW - Reading Materials KW - Reading Research KW - Twentieth Century Literature KW - Poetry KW - Reading Interests KW - Fiction KW - Literary Genres KW - Audience Analysis KW - Drama KW - Reading Attitudes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62959318?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Labor Market Earnings of American Artists in 1980. A Report to the National Endowment for the Arts. AN - 63136603; ED309109 AB - While some studies of the earnings of artists have typically claimed that artists earn significantly less than other workers, others suggest that there is no basis for concluding that artists earn any less on average than they would in other jobs. This study presents information regarding the earning and labor market success of artists in the United States as of 1980. Results are presented for many different subgroups of artists. After outlining introductory information in section 1, section 2 outlines the data used and points out a number of possible mechanisms for reconciling the diverse findings of previous work. Section 3 presents overall results concerning earnings of artists. This is followed in section 4 through section 8 by results for various subgroups of artists defined by place of residence, race and sex, marital status, education, self-employment status, and age. Section 9 contains regression equations prediction earnings of artists and comparison groups of other workers. The study reveals that the labor market differs widely across various types of artists, and it is difficult to establish what determines financial success. The findings are presented by 24 figures and 57 tables. Data are derived from 1980 U.S. Census figures. Sixteen references are given. (PPB) AU - Filer, Randall K. Y1 - 1988/12// PY - 1988 DA - December 1988 SP - 283 KW - Earning Potential KW - Income Level KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Economic Factors KW - Artists KW - Occupational Information KW - Poverty KW - Low Income KW - Employment Opportunities KW - Careers KW - Wages KW - Labor Force KW - Economic Status KW - Income UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/63136603?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - ARTIST EMPLOYMENT IN 1987 AN - 1308023811 JF - Journal of Cultural Economics Y1 - 1988/12/01/ PY - 1988 DA - 1988 Dec 01 SP - 77 CY - Akron, Ohio PB - Association for Cultural Economics VL - 12 IS - 2 SN - 0885-2545 KW - Performing Arts UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1308023811?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Cultural+Economics&rft.atitle=ARTIST+EMPLOYMENT+IN+1987&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1988-12-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=77&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Cultural+Economics&rft.issn=08852545&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-24 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - ARTIST EMPLOYMENT IN 1986 AN - 1308027749 JF - Journal of Cultural Economics Y1 - 1988/06/01/ PY - 1988 DA - 1988 Jun 01 SP - 81 CY - Akron, Ohio PB - Association for Cultural Economics VL - 12 IS - 1 SN - 0885-2545 KW - Performing Arts UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1308027749?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Cultural+Economics&rft.atitle=ARTIST+EMPLOYMENT+IN+1986&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1988-06-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=81&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Cultural+Economics&rft.issn=08852545&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-24 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Toward Civilization: A Report on Arts Education. AN - 63116102; ED300287 AB - Requiring basic sequential arts education for all K-12 students is the primary recommendation of this report, which was written to fulfill a congressional mandate to determine the current state of U.S. arts education programs. Based primarily on two surveys, "Arts, Education, and the States," and "Public School District Policies and Practices in Selected Aspects of Arts and Humanities," this report also contains information drawn from 14 other arts studies, selected curriculum guides and books, and interviews. An overview describes basic arts education and its importance, problems in arts education, and the current status of arts education and offers specific conclusions and recommendations about: (1) arts curriculums; (2) arts testing and evaluation; (3) art teachers; (4) research priorities in the arts; (5) arts leadership; and (6) the role of the National Endowment of the Arts (NEA). A section entitled "Arts in the Classroom" offers examples of specific art programs or activities (or the lack of them) in selected K-12 classes. Other sections present additional information and issues in support of the study's six specific areas of recommendations. Photographs, charts, tables, maps, and an 102-item bibliography are provided. Appendices include information about programs supported and funded by the NEA, the National Science Foundation (NSF), and the U.S. Department of Education. (JHP) Y1 - 1988/05// PY - 1988 DA - May 1988 SP - 195 PB - Superintendents of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402 (Stock No. 036-000-00051-1, $9.50). KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Instructional Improvement KW - Instructional Effectiveness KW - Art Teachers KW - Art KW - Creative Art KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Art Appreciation KW - Curriculum Evaluation KW - Educational Quality KW - Art Education KW - Art Activities UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/63116102?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Some photographs may not reproduce clearly. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Women and Minorities in the Arts: A Portrait from the 1980 Census. AN - 63083397; ED298028 AB - This study explores the characteristics of women and minority artists in 1980 in relation to the U.S. total artist population, other professional workers, and the total work force. Census data for 1980 are used to depict basic demographic characteristics of women and minority artists and to assess their relative economic status in terms of employment opportunities, earnings, and total available income. Chapter 1 summarizes the study, while chapter 2 provides a portrait of women artists in terms of numerical growth since the 1970 census and geographic distribution by artist occupation. Chapter 3 focuses on the economic well-being of women artists during 1979. Chapter 4 presents information about the basic characteristics of minority artists, and chapter 5 analyzes their employment and income profiles. Individual groups are identified as: (1) non-Hispanic Whites; (2) non-Hispanic Blacks; (3) Hispanics; and (4) persons of other races. Appendices include: (1) artists' occupational classification in the U.S. Census; (2) the states included in each of the U.S. Census' four geographic regions and nine divisions; and (3) race and ethnicity classification in the U.S. Census. Numerous tables and figures are included. (JHP) AU - Citro, Constance F. AU - Gaquin, Deirdre A. Y1 - 1988/03// PY - 1988 DA - March 1988 SP - 152 KW - Census 1980 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Artists KW - Blacks KW - Employment Opportunities KW - Race KW - Census Figures KW - Income KW - Whites KW - Demography KW - Art KW - Minority Groups KW - Social Science Research KW - Hispanic Americans KW - Statistical Analysis KW - Economic Status KW - Females KW - Data Interpretation KW - Art Activities UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/63083397?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Some graphs may not reproduce clearly. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Socialization and Participation in the Arts. Research Division Report #21. AN - 63009454; ED312199 AB - While the capacity to recognize and appreciate beauty may be inborn in all of us, participation in the arts as an audience or artist usually involves a learning process. What is the relationship between childhood and early adult experiences with the arts and later participation? In 1982, with funding from the National Endowment for the Arts, the Census Bureau conducted a "Survey of Public Participation in the Arts" (SPPA) to gather preliminary information. The SPPA data permits analysis of three basic subjects: the patterns of socialization in the arts, the relationship of those patterns to adult participation in arts-related activities, and the relationship of socialization patterns to increased participation. The SPPA asked 11 questions about arts-related experiences occurring prior to age 24, covering the areas of arts lessons, appreciation classes, and attendance at arts-related events. About 70 percent of all respondents had some kind of socialization experience. Patterns of adult participation are measured through audience participation, media-related participation, and direct participation. The data reveal a general downward trend with increasing age with some exceptions in intermediate age groups. The SPPA data draw these conclusions: (1) early socialization in the arts is reflected in higher rates of adult participation; (2) socialization between the ages of 18 and 24 is an especially important predictor; (3) audience participation predictors do not work as well as artist or performer predictors; and (4) lessons and appreciation classes are more closely related to high levels of adult participation than audience-socialization activities. Twelve tables and five figures showing SPPA data are included. (PPB) AU - Orend, Richard J. Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 57 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Teachers KW - Researchers KW - Practitioners KW - Social Theories KW - Audience Participation KW - Music Appreciation KW - Fine Arts KW - Theater Arts KW - Surveys KW - Social Sciences KW - Art Appreciation KW - Audience Analysis KW - Socialization KW - Art Activities UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/63009454?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For related documents, see ED 283 768, ED 264 168, N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - CONTRACTOR AND GRANTEE FINAL REPORTS AN - 1308030346 JF - Journal of Cultural Economics Y1 - 1987/12/01/ PY - 1987 DA - 1987 Dec 01 SP - 91 CY - Akron, Ohio PB - Association for Cultural Economics VL - 11 IS - 2 SN - 0885-2545 KW - Performing Arts UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1308030346?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Cultural+Economics&rft.atitle=CONTRACTOR+AND+GRANTEE+FINAL+REPORTS&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1987-12-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=91&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Cultural+Economics&rft.issn=08852545&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-24 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - COMPUTER DATA TAPES OF THE ENDOWMENT AN - 1308030333 JF - Journal of Cultural Economics Y1 - 1987/12/01/ PY - 1987 DA - 1987 Dec 01 SP - 85 CY - Akron, Ohio PB - Association for Cultural Economics VL - 11 IS - 2 SN - 0885-2545 KW - Performing Arts UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1308030333?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Cultural+Economics&rft.atitle=COMPUTER+DATA+TAPES+OF+THE+ENDOWMENT&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1987-12-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=85&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Cultural+Economics&rft.issn=08852545&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-24 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Managers of the Arts: Careers and Opinions of Senior Administrators of U.S. Art Museums, Symphony Orchestras, Resident Theaters, and Local Arts Agencies. Research Division Report #20. AN - 63179964; ED289766 AB - This survey report provides information on senior administrators in four types of arts organizations: resident theaters, art museums, symphony orchestras, and community arts agencies. It examines: (1) their backgrounds and careers; (2) the rewards they receive from their work; (3) their expectations about future employment; (4) their training and their evaluation of it; and (5) their professional participation and attitudes on a number of management and policy issues. The study found that most administrators came from relatively privileged social backgrounds and were notably well educated. Administrators were initially recruited into their fields from various sources, many entering their fields immediately after completing their formal education. Arts administration careers lack the formal structure of most professions. A lack of resources and other more subjective rewards may lead to attrition among some directors and administrators. Administrators in all four fields believe their preparation could have been much better. It appears that arts administration is a term that describes not a single profession, but a family of occupations, each with its own labor market. Arts organizations face challenges in recruiting and retaining talented administrators. (SM) AU - DiMaggio, Paul Y1 - 1987/09// PY - 1987 DA - September 1987 SP - 102 PB - National Book Network, , 4720A Boston Way, Lanham, MD 20706. SN - 093202050X KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Researchers KW - Policymakers KW - Theaters KW - Career Ladders KW - Orchestras KW - Professional Occupations KW - Training KW - Museums KW - Careers KW - Professional Development KW - Rewards KW - Art KW - Agencies KW - Administration KW - Administrator Education KW - Administrative Organization KW - Expectation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/63179964?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Expanding the Audience for the Performing Arts. AN - 63172774; ED289804 AB - Becoming involved in the arts is a process that involves movement through several stages, from disinterest to active attendance at and enthusiasm for performing arts events. Since target consumers at any time will differ in their placement on this continuum, marketing programs to expand arts audiences must first identify where each target segment is and then motivate that group to move to the next stage. A six-stage model, labelled the "Performing Arts Adoption Process," is a first approximation of this process. Data from the survey of Public Participation in the Arts are used to test the model and explore its implications. Detailed comparisons of consumers at adjacent stages in the process, using both bivariate and multivariate analytic techniques, appear to support both the validity and the usefulness of the model to both arts managers and future researchers in the field. (AEM) AU - Andreasen, Alan R. Y1 - 1987/09// PY - 1987 DA - September 1987 SP - 104 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Researchers KW - Attendance Patterns KW - Media Research KW - Audiences KW - Theater Arts KW - Marketing KW - Data Analysis KW - Audience Analysis KW - Citizen Participation KW - Art Education UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/63172774?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Artists in the Workforce, 1950 to 1985. AN - 63102712; ED298027 AB - This monograph examines the size and composition of the population of U.S. artists from 1950 to 1985 using data from four U.S. decennnial censuses (1950-1980) and the Current Population Survey (CPS). Chapter 1 presents an overview and summary of the report. Population growth rates for the United States and persons in specific arts-related occupations are examined and compared in chapter 2. Rates of increase varied substantially across occupations and time periods and between the sexes. Chapter 3 reports on changes over time in the residence patterns of professional workers and artists with emphasis placed on urban populations that reside in the Northeast, Midwest, South, and West. Chapter 4 describes trends in artists' age profiles and educational levels compared with professional workers and with the total work force, while chapter 5 focuses on employment trends and earnings of artists in relation to professional workers and to the total work force. Each chapter treats data for men and women separately. Appendices include: (1) the occupational classification of artists in the U.S. Census; (2) the number of artists, 1950-1985; (3) a description of the impact of sampling error on data reliability; and (4) tables that report specific arts occupation characteristics. Numerous figures and tables are included. (JHP) AU - Citro, Constance F. AU - Gaquin, Deirdre A. Y1 - 1987/09// PY - 1987 DA - September 1987 SP - 276 KW - Bureau of the Census KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Artists KW - Population Growth KW - Residential Patterns KW - Labor Force KW - Educational Trends KW - Income KW - Demography KW - Comparative Analysis KW - Statistical Analysis KW - Social Sciences KW - Employment Patterns KW - Research KW - Population Trends KW - Trend Analysis KW - Age Differences UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/63102712?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Some graphs may not reproduce clearly. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Race, Ethnicity and Participation in the Arts: Patterns of Participation by Black, Hispanic and White Americans in Selected Activities from the 1982 and 1985 Surveys of Public Participation in the Arts. AN - 63164502; ED293759 AB - This report utilizes data from the 1982 and 1985 Surveys of Public Participation in the Arts to describe differences in patterns of participation in selected arts related activities by Black, Hispanic, and White respondents. Arts participation by Whites is greatest for all selected activities, except for Black attendance at jazz music activities. For most activities, absolute differences are relatively small, and net differences between Blacks and Whites are more marked for visually oriented art than for performing arts activities. Hispanics participate at rates similar to those of socioeconomically comparable Whites. Differences associated with race are small compared to those associated with educational attainment, income, occupational prestige, and gender; and socioeconomic factors are principal participation barriers for Blacks and Hispanics. Intergroup differences are smaller for younger than for older respondents and appear to be the result of an increase in the number of years of schooling of younger Black and Hispanic respondents. Suggestions for further research are offered, and an appendix contains tables of the surveys' statistical data. (JHP) AU - DiMaggio, Paul AU - Ostrower, Francie Y1 - 1987/06// PY - 1987 DA - June 1987 SP - 290 KW - Survey of Public Participation in the Arts KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Ethnicity KW - Blacks KW - Race KW - Racial Differences KW - National Surveys KW - Whites KW - Comparative Analysis KW - Social Science Research KW - Hispanic Americans KW - Participation KW - Racial Factors KW - Art Activities UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/63164502?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Public Participation in Classical Ballet: A Special Analysis of the Ballet Data Collected in the 1982 and 1985 Survey of Public Participation in the Arts. AN - 63152672; ED288756 AB - The 1982 and 1985 Survey of Public Participation in the Arts (SPPA) produced a national audience profile for classical ballet and explored factors that predispose participation in this art form. This monograph analyzed data from these surveys in terms of: (1) audience size and composition for live ballet performances; (2) television's role in exposing the public to ballet; (3) childhood socialization experiences that tend to encourage adult participation; (4) music preferences as they relate to ballet; and (5) ballet audience growth potential and factors that inhibit it. Findings indicated that 20 percent of the adult population participate in ballet by attending live performances, watching it on television, or dancing in a public performance. People most likely to attend ballet performances are: (1) women; (2) between 25 and 44 years old; (3) living in single-person households; (4) college educated; (5) living in households annually earning more than $25,000; (6) living in or near an urban area; and (7) in professional occupations or full-time students. Recommendations focus on the importance of childhood arts education, strategies dance companies might use to promote performances, and the need for ballet to be produced on television. Numerous data tables and the SPPA questionnaire are included. (JHP) AU - Keegan, Carol Y1 - 1987/04/30/ PY - 1987 DA - 1987 Apr 30 SP - 53 KW - Survey of Public Participation in the Arts KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Audience Participation KW - Dance KW - Audiences KW - Interest Research KW - Television KW - Theater Arts KW - Performance KW - Data Analysis KW - Audience Analysis KW - Data Interpretation KW - Participant Characteristics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/63152672?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Socialization in the Arts. AN - 63262671; ED283768 AB - Socialization is a process by which children learn the attitudes and orientations that will guide their behavior as adults. The analyses described in this report use this socialization model as a basis for describing the relationship between childhood and early adult arts-related experiences and current arts-related leisure participation. Three basic areas are analyzed using data collected in the 1982 Survey of Public Participation in the Arts (SPPA): (1) the patterns of socialization; (2) the relationship of socialization patterns to current participation in arts-related activities; and (3) the relationship of socialization patterns to the demand for increased participation in arts-related activities. The basic hypotheses of this analysis are: (1) that early arts-related experiences are related to later arts-related participation, and (2) that those individuals with a greater number of youthful experiences are more likely to have higher current participation rates. These hypotheses are supported by results which show strong positive relationships between arts-related socialization experiences and current participation. Another part of the relationship between socialization and participation is introduced by examining the characteristics of individuals who do not exhibit the prevailing pattern of socialization. Finally, demands for increased participation and barriers to increased participation are examined in light of socialization experiences. Numerous tables and figures are supplied in the text and in an appendix. (BZ) AU - Orend, Richard J. Y1 - 1987/04/22/ PY - 1987 DA - 1987 Apr 22 SP - 159 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Social Theories KW - Audience Participation KW - Fine Arts KW - Theater Arts KW - Social Sciences KW - Art Appreciation KW - Audience Analysis KW - Socialization KW - Music Education KW - Modeling (Psychology) KW - Art Activities UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/63262671?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Guide to the National Endowment for the Arts. AN - 63263539; ED284812 AB - The National Endowment for the Arts, an independent agency of the federal government, was created in 1965 to encourage and support U.S. arts and artists. It fulfills its mission by awarding grants and through its leadership and advocacy activities. This booklet is designed to help individuals and organizations become familiar with the Endowment and help them decide if their artistic projects are eligible for grants. The guide describes the overall purpose of each of the Endowment's Programs and outlines the types of support available in each of the following categories: Dance, Design Arts, Expansion Arts, Folk Arts, Inter-Arts, Literature, Media Arts, Museums, Music, Opera-Musical Theater, Theater, Visual Arts, and International. (BZ) Y1 - 1987/04// PY - 1987 DA - April 1987 SP - 55 PB - National Endowment for the Arts, Nancy Hanks Center, 1100 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20506. KW - National Endowment for the Arts KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Financial Support KW - Artists KW - Dance KW - Opera KW - Literature KW - Higher Education KW - Design KW - Visual Arts KW - Grantsmanship KW - Endowment Funds KW - Art KW - Fine Arts KW - Dramatics KW - Theater Arts KW - Research Opportunities KW - Music KW - Reference Materials UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/63263539?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Where Artists Live 1980. Report #19. AN - 63150007; ED288757 AB - Information on the number and location of U.S. artists, as reported in the 1980 Census of Population, is examined, and comparisons are made with 1970 Census figures. This document describes national growth trends in specific art occupations and regional changes in comparison to total labor force changes. The impact of migration on the distribution of artists is examined, along with the effects of new labor force entries and occupational changes. Statistical data are presented for 1970 and 1980 individual states' distributions of: (1) actors and directors; (2) announcers; (3) architects; (4) authors; (5) dancers; (6) designers; (7) musicians and composers; (8) painters, sculptors, craft artists, and artist printmakers; (9) photographers; (10) teachers of art, drama, and music (higher education); and (11) other artists. A written summary is provided for each state, and information concerning the concentration of artists in major U.S. Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas (SMSAs) is provided. Civilian labor force totals, artists in the civilian labor force percentages, the total number of artists, and percentages of U.S. artists for each state and selected large SMSAs are appended. Tables, figures, and maps are included. (JHP) Y1 - 1987/03// PY - 1987 DA - March 1987 SP - 74 PB - Publishing Center for Cultural Resources, 625 Broadway, New York, NY 10012 ($8.00). SN - 0890622094 KW - Census 1970 KW - Census 1980 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Artists KW - Research Reports KW - Geographic Location KW - Population Growth KW - Residential Patterns KW - Place of Residence KW - Geographic Distribution KW - Migration KW - Census Figures KW - Migration Patterns KW - Demography KW - Comparative Analysis KW - Statistical Analysis KW - Population Distribution KW - Population Trends KW - Data Analysis KW - Urban Population KW - Trend Analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/63150007?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - THE ARTS IN THE GNP (Book Review) AN - 1308036937 JF - Journal of Cultural Economics Y1 - 1986/06/01/ PY - 1986 DA - 1986 Jun 01 SP - 77 CY - Akron, Ohio PB - Association for Cultural Economics VL - 10 IS - 1 SN - 0885-2545 KW - Performing Arts UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1308036937?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Cultural+Economics&rft.atitle=THE+ARTS+IN+THE+GNP+%28Book+Review%29&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1986-06-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=77&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Cultural+Economics&rft.issn=08852545&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-24 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - ARTIST EMPLOYMENT IN 1983: REVISED OCCUPATIONAL CLASSIFICATION NOW IN USE AN - 1308028039 JF - Journal of Cultural Economics Y1 - 1985/12/01/ PY - 1985 DA - 1985 Dec 01 SP - 86 CY - Akron, Ohio PB - Association for Cultural Economics VL - 9 IS - 2 SN - 0885-2545 KW - Performing Arts UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1308028039?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Cultural+Economics&rft.atitle=ARTIST+EMPLOYMENT+IN+1983%3A+REVISED+OCCUPATIONAL+CLASSIFICATION+NOW+IN+USE&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1985-12-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=86&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Cultural+Economics&rft.issn=08852545&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-24 ER - TY - GEN T1 - National Endowment for the Arts: 1965-1985. A Brief Chronology of Federal Involvement in the Arts. AN - 63312845; ED269297 AB - A detailed history of United States government involvement with the arts from 1780 to 1985 is provided in chronological form. Entries range from notes documenting John Adams' and Thomas Jefferson's commitment to the arts to notes on annual budgets and allocations. Separate sections contain lists of the original members of the National Council on the Arts; the Presidential Task Force on the Arts and Humanities; the President's Committee on the Arts and Humanities; Recipients of the Presidential Awards for Service to the Arts; the National Endowment for the Arts 20th Anniversary Committee; National Medal of Arts Awardees; and current and former members of the National Council on the Arts. (LP) Y1 - 1985/09// PY - 1985 DA - September 1985 SP - 57 KW - National Endowment for the Humanities KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Visual Arts KW - Fine Arts KW - Government Role KW - Theater Arts KW - Social History KW - Federal Government KW - Art Appreciation KW - United States History KW - Art Activities UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/63312845?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 2 - Produced in microfiche (1966-2003) N1 - SuppNotes - Document printed in colored ink or colored paper. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Surveying Your Arts Audience. AN - 63221513; ED279562 AB - Recognizing the need to conduct audience studies to aid in arts organizations' policy development, this manual was developed to inform arts organization personnel on how to conduct a valid survey; to discourage poor surveys and raise the standards of audience information; and to provide guidance on when survey consultants should be chosen as well as what to expect from a consultant in terms of audience survey specifications. The manual can be used in a wide range of arts settings and includes survey questions as well as step-by-step instructions on planning, conducting, analyzing, and presenting audience surveys. Field tests were conducted to find out what the manual could do, and site visits monitored the progress of five projects. The manual contains six chapters: (1) "Why an Audience Survey"; (2) "Developing the Questionnaire"; (3) "Sample Design"; (4) "Collecting Survey Data"; (5) "Data Processing"; and (6) "Interpreting and Presenting Survey Results." An appendix of Model Survey Questions is included. (KWL) Y1 - 1985 PY - 1985 DA - 1985 SP - 82 KW - Audience Research KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Audiences KW - Research Methodology KW - Information Utilization KW - Opinions KW - Surveys KW - Arts Centers KW - Research Design UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/63221513?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Visual Artists in Houston, Minneapolis, Washington, and San Francisco: Earnings and Exhibition Opportunities. Research Division Report No. 18. AN - 63152467; ED287754 AB - The Visual Arts Program of the National Endowment of the Arts undertook a survey to determine the economic conditions of artists and the processes by which they exhibit works in four cities located outside the major art centers of New York City, Los Angeles, and Chicago. The selected market areas included Houston, Minneapolis, Washington, and San Francisco. Research indicated that these cities have significant markets for locally produced art, which is mainly sold by galleries and museums. However, artists are dissatisfied with exhibition opportunities, especially with lengthy waiting periods. Among various methods used to locate exhibition opportunities, personal contacts are most used, and service organizations are least utilized. The data indicated major differences between the artists and exhibitors on the perception of fairness in the exhibition selection process. Obtaining studio space is a major problem for artists in all four cities, and both artists and exhibitors advocate public acquisition of buildings which could be rented for studio space. Few artists earn a living solely from art sales. Most hold other jobs or are supported by another person. Median art income for the artists sampled was $718 in 1978. Median production costs were $1,450, approximately twice the median income. Tables and figures are included. (JHP) AU - Larson, Rolfe Y1 - 1984/10// PY - 1984 DA - October 1984 SP - 50 PB - Publishing Center for Cultural Resources, 625 Broadway, New York, NY 10012. KW - California (San Francisco) KW - District of Columbia KW - Earning Potential KW - Minnesota (Minneapolis) KW - Texas (Houston) KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Researchers KW - Community Study KW - Artists KW - Surveys KW - Exhibits KW - Income KW - Economic Climate KW - Visual Arts KW - Economic Opportunities KW - Art KW - Primary Sources KW - Data Analysis KW - Arts Centers KW - Opportunities UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/63152467?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Excerpted from "The Economic Conditions and Exhibi N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - The Arts Public in the South: Report #17. AN - 63147506; ED286785 AB - Combining and integrating the results of two separate research projects concerned with leisure time participation, this report compared southern and non-southern involvement in arts-related activities. Findings indicated that, while some regional differences do exist, they are not great. The desire to increase arts-related activities is not as strong as the desire to increase less focused leisure activities, but there appears to be a strong unmet demand for increased opportunities to participate in arts-related programs, including both visual and performing arts. While southerners cite cost and accessibility as barriers to participation, non-southerners mention lack of time. Achieved educational levels and prior exposure to the arts are significantly related to arts participation rates. Singing in a chorus is the activity in which southerners are most clearly differentiated from the non-southern population in terms of greater participation and demand. Lack of talent was cited by southerners as a reason for non-participation in contrast to non-southerners' response of lack of training. Leisure pursuits of most southerners are not related to the type of work they do. While the best predictor of current levels of participation is prior participation, this factor was not confirmed with respect to the desire to increase participation in the future. Seven tables and 24 figures are included. (JHP) Y1 - 1984/03// PY - 1984 DA - March 1984 SP - 61 PB - Publishing Center for Cultural Resources, 625 Broadway, New York, NY 10012 ($4.00). KW - Regional Surveys KW - United States (South) KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Researchers KW - Research Reports KW - Cultural Activities KW - Leisure Time KW - Visual Arts KW - Comparative Analysis KW - Art KW - Participation KW - Regional Attitudes KW - Recreational Activities KW - Differences KW - Data Interpretation KW - Art Activities UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/63147506?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For related document, see ED 206 521-523 and ED 22 N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A NOTE ON ARTIST EMPLOYMENT IN 1982 (Book Review) AN - 1308036460 JF - Journal of Cultural Economics Y1 - 1983/12/01/ PY - 1983 DA - 1983 Dec 01 SP - 99 CY - Akron, Ohio PB - Association for Cultural Economics VL - 7 IS - 2 SN - 0885-2545 KW - Performing Arts UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1308036460?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Cultural+Economics&rft.atitle=A+NOTE+ON+ARTIST+EMPLOYMENT+IN+1982+%28Book+Review%29&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1983-12-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=99&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Cultural+Economics&rft.issn=08852545&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-24 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Understanding the Employment of Actors. Research Division Report #3. AN - 63103632; ED298068 AB - Focusing on actors' employment problems, part 1 of this report describes data collected by Actor's Equity primarily in terms of: (1) membership files; (2) the organization's contract department; (3) pension and welfare funds; and (4) employment statistics. Part 2 analyzes these data sets in relation to employment, unemployment, risk factors for theatrical productions and individual actors, and the shifting and ambiguous boundaries between commercial and non-profit theater. Part 3 recommends research projects in the areas of: (1) actors' employment, unemployment, and income; (2) actors and agents' responses to uncertainties, risks, and contractual decision-making; and (3) actors' relationships to and movements between different theatrical arts-related activities and the social and economic processes that shape exchanges and competitions between these organizations. An appendix describes 20 types of equity contracts, and tables and figures are included. (JHP) Y1 - 1983/06// PY - 1983 DA - June 1983 SP - 37 PB - Publishing Center for Cultural Resources, 625 Broadway, New York, NY 10012 ($3.50). KW - Actors Equity KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Acting KW - Unemployment KW - Employment Statistics KW - Research Projects KW - Employment Opportunities KW - Employment KW - Occupations KW - Data Interpretation KW - Income UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/63103632?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Summarized from "The Statistical Data Sets of Acto N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Artist Employment and Unemployment, 1971-1980. AN - 63206779; ED282810 AB - This report covers the changes in the employment and unemployment of artists from 1971 to 1980, as reported in the Current Population Survey (CPS). The term artist includes people in the following occupations: actors, architects, authors, dancers, designers, musicians and composers, painters and sculptors, photographers, radio and television announcers, and teachers of art, drama, and music in higher education. As of 1980 there were over a million persons in the artistic labor force. From 1971 to 1980 that specific labor force grew by 323,000 or 46%. Authors increased their numbers at the highest rate, while radio and television announcers were the only artists whose numbers declined. Painters/sculptors and designers were the largest artist occupation group. One-third of the artist labor force was female. Dancers and painters/sculptors were the only two occupations which had a majority of females. Although unemployment rates for artists were generally lower at the end of the decade than at the beginning, unemployment among artists was higher than among all other professional and technical workers. The most chronic artist unemployment existed among actors, with rates during the decade ranging between 31% and 48%. As many as 10,000 actors were out of work, which was about nine times greater than the average for other artists' occupations. Over 20 tables and figures illustrate the findings. Appendices include detailed tables as well as notes on the reliability of the CPS statistics and on the CPS as a source of artist occupation data. (APG) Y1 - 1982/01// PY - 1982 DA - January 1982 SP - 45 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Researchers KW - Demography KW - Artists KW - Unemployment KW - Employment Opportunities KW - Sex Differences KW - Labor Force KW - Labor Market KW - Census Figures UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/63206779?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For related documents, see ED 165 216 and ED 281 8 N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Conditions and Needs of the Professional American Theatre. Report No. 11. AN - 63156084; ED286786 AB - Theater activity, finances, and employment are examined in a report which summarizes research findings and recommendations originally included in a two-part study entitled, "The Conditions and Needs of the Live Professional Theatre in America." Findings indicated that a substantial increase in federal funds is required to insure the future stability of professional theater in the United States. Theater activity has increased regionally, because of the growth of nonprofit regional theaters and the emergence of truck and bus touring operations. Almost all of the current nonprofit theaters have been founded in the last 20 years, resulting in significant changes in U.S. theater. Theater audiences are better educated and more affluent than the general population. That the economic effects of theatre production are substantial is supported by statistics indicating an almost 300 million dollar contribution to the national economy. While total actor employment has increased, it has not done so as quickly as union membership has grown, and most actors receive low salaries. The study concluded that in the future the theater may have to further control costs and raise revenues, become more dependent on contributions, or decrease its level of activity due to financial constraints. Figures and tables are included. (JHP) Y1 - 1981/05// PY - 1981 DA - May 1981 SP - 136 PB - Publishing Center for Cultural Resources, 625 Broadway, New York, NY 10012 ($4.50). KW - Activity Analysis KW - Theater Research KW - United States KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Researchers KW - Policymakers KW - Theaters KW - Financial Support KW - Research Reports KW - Needs KW - Professional Personnel KW - Theater Arts KW - Financial Needs KW - Employment Patterns UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/63156084?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Audience Development: An Examination of Selected Analysis and Prediction Techniques Applied to Symphony and Theatre Attendance in Four Southern Cities. Report #14. AN - 63214406; ED283754 AB - Several specific objectives have had wide recognition in the arts community, namely: to broaden the audience for the performing arts, to determine the applicability of sophisticated tools of marketing to the problem of generating demand for the arts, to find the best predictors of arts attendance, and to develop strategies that will appeal to those who, by these predictors, are potential attenders. This research report summarizes a study conducted in 1977 by Alan R. Andreasen and Russell W. Belk. The investigators collected new audience data in a carefully controlled group of surveys in four southern cities (Atlanta, Baton Rouge, Columbia, and Memphis), and applied to these data a number of sophisticated measuring and marketing techniques to discover efficient and effective methods for inducing marginal attenders of the performing arts to become frequent patrons. Although no hitherto untried means to this end were uncovered, this publication makes advanced techniques more comprehensible and accessible to arts administrators. In addition, by analyzing characteristics that move or do not move people to attend performing arts events, and from that analysis deriving strategies capable of altering factors that lead to nonattendance, enough practical conclusions were reached to recommend an extended program of experimentation in the four cities studied. (BZ) Y1 - 1981/01// PY - 1981 DA - January 1981 SP - 50 PB - Publishing Center for Cultural Resources, 625 Broadway, New York City, NY 10012 ($2.50). KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Researchers KW - Theaters KW - Socioeconomic Influences KW - Orchestras KW - Cultural Activities KW - Leisure Time KW - Higher Education KW - Music Activities KW - Life Style KW - Demography KW - Social Science Research KW - Audiences KW - Theater Arts KW - Marketing KW - Audience Analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/63214406?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Economic Impact of Arts and Cultural Institutions. Case Studies in Columbus, Minneapolis/St. Paul, St. Louis, Salt Lake City, San Antonio, Springfield. Report #15. AN - 63214247; ED283753 AB - This report examines the economic impact of cultural institutions on their communities in Columbus (Ohio), Minneapolis/ St. Paul (Minnesota), St. Louis (Missouri), Salt Lake City (Utah), San Antonio (Texas), and Springfield (Illinois). For each city, tables are included which list data in the following categories: (1) audience per capita spending; (2) direct economic effects of examined institutions; (3) government revenues as a percentage of examined institutions' operating budgets; (4) secondary economic effects of examined institutions; and (5) estimated revenues and costs to local government related to examined institutions by city. The report also contains detailed information on Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area (SMSA) demographics including: (1) SMSA selected businesses related to arts and culture; (2) SMSA estimated audiences and spending by examined institutions; (3) SMSA audiences of examined institutions by residence and spending; (4) SMSA nonlocal audiences by examined institutions; (5) SMSA estimated institutions by sources of government support; and (6) SMSA estimated revenues and costs to local government related to examined institutions. (BZ) Y1 - 1981/01// PY - 1981 DA - January 1981 SP - 104 PB - Publishing Center for Cultural Resources, 625 Broadway, New York City, NY 10012 ($3.50). KW - Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Researchers KW - Institutional Characteristics KW - Cultural Context KW - Socioeconomic Influences KW - Government Role KW - Cultural Centers KW - Cultural Activities KW - Case Studies KW - Museums KW - Cultural Opportunities KW - Higher Education KW - Economic Research KW - Economic Factors KW - Demography KW - Fine Arts KW - Audiences KW - Economics KW - Theater Arts KW - Arts Centers KW - Art Activities UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/63214247?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Craft Artist Membership Organizations 1978. Report No. 13. AN - 63148050; ED286789 AB - To describe what has been learned about craft membership organizations is the goal of this research report, which utilizes data collected in a nationwide survey of craft organizations. Specific purposes of the study were aimed at developing a better understanding of U.S. craft artists and organizations. Findings indicated that a typical craft organization has existed for 10 years, has 90 local members, is involved in exhibits, sales, and workshops, is a nonprofit corporation, and has an annual budget of $3,500. Not all of its members work in the same medium, but a majority work with clay or fiber mediums. The largest number of the estimated 1,218 U.S. organizations is located in the east north central states, while the highest number of artists resides in New England and the eastern south central states. Over 60 percent of the responding organizations are involved in more than one craft medium. Jury review as a prerequisite to membership is imposed by 30 percent of craft organizations. Provided services and activities are frequently available to the general public, while special functions and publications tend to be oriented toward members. Most of these organizations perceive themselves as having few serious problems; there is also evidence that accelerated formation of crafts organizations occurred 5 to 10 years ago and that the current tendency is toward consolidation, rather than expansion. Figures, tables, and appendices are included. (JHP) Y1 - 1981/01// PY - 1981 DA - January 1981 SP - 54 PB - Publishing Center for Cultural Resources, 625 Broadway, New York, NY 10012 ($3.50). KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Researchers KW - Policymakers KW - Handicrafts KW - Voluntary Agencies KW - Organizations (Groups) KW - Creative Activities KW - Primary Sources KW - Craft Workers KW - Art Products KW - Nonprofit Organizations UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/63148050?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Artists Compared by Age, Sex, and Earnings in 1970 and 1976. Report #12. AN - 63207348; ED281821 AB - The purpose of this report is to examine the population of artists in terms of age, sex, and earnings and to compare the results from 1970 and 1976. An artist in this report includes people in the following categories: actors, architects, dancers, designers, musicians and composers, painters and sculptors, photographers, and radio and television announcers. Highlights of the analysis report that the number of artists increased 50% from 1970 to 1976, from 600,000 to 900,000, but that median earnings remained the same at $7,900. The lack of increase in earnings is explained by the 50% increase in artists, while positions for artists increased by only 23%. The number of women in artistic occupations increased by 80% while males in artistic occupations increased by half that amount. In 1970 artists' personal earnings contributed 62% of their household earnings, by 1976 the contribution had fallen to 44%. Women were more dependent on other household members than men were and accounted for only a quarter of the total household income in 1970 and 1976. These data suggest that while artists' personal earnings are relatively low, artists tend to be members of households which compare closely with total household earnings of all professionals. Although artists' median personal earnings did not increase between 1970 and 1976, the total household earnings rose by 40% during this period. The artists' population is composed of relatively young people and is predominantly male. From 1970 to 1976 the population became younger and the proportion of women artists increased. The mid-decade observation period was marked by a recession in which the rate of artistic unemployment increased more than all professional workers. The difference reflects the increased proportion of young people, women, and blacks in artistic occupations, because unemployment rates are generally higher for these groups. Over 40 tables and figures display and support the findings. (APG) Y1 - 1980/01// PY - 1980 DA - January 1980 SP - 59 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Researchers KW - Demography KW - Artists KW - Age KW - Employment Level KW - Social Science Research KW - Sex Differences KW - National Surveys KW - Census Figures KW - Income UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/63207348?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - To Survey American Crafts: A Planning Study. Research Division Report #2. AN - 63089187; ED298067 AB - The purpose of this planning study about crafts in the United States is to provide preliminary data and information prior to a national crafts' survey by the National Endowment of the Arts. This study reports on: (1) the preparation of a systematic classification of U.S. crafts; (2) attempts to group and classify crafts people and their organizations into a system; (3) estimates of the number of crafts people and crafts' organizations; (4) geographical distribution of crafts people; and (5) suggestions about survey approaches, methods, and costs. The document reviews data from other surveys and craft-related directories in order to develop recommendations concerning the study of professional crafts people and craft organizations. The recommendations include suggestions that: (1) each component of the craft profession be studied as a separate research problem; (2) craft organizations be surveyed by mail as a first research priority; (3) craft organization membership rolls be used as the main sources of obtaining a crafts peoples interview sample; (4) professional crafts people be among the first components studied; and (5) an initial survey be undertaken to develop a broad descriptive picture of U.S. crafts people, followed by more detailed questionnaires concerning specific areas or groups. Tables and a list of U.S. Census Bureau regions and divisions are included. (JHP) Y1 - 1979/08// PY - 1979 DA - August 1979 SP - 32 PB - Publishing Center for Cultural Resources, 152 West 42nd St., New York, NY 10036 ($2.50). KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Demography KW - Classification KW - Handicrafts KW - Research Projects KW - Planning KW - Geographic Distribution KW - Data Collection KW - National Surveys KW - Craft Workers KW - Data Interpretation KW - Occupational Surveys UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/63089187?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Summarized from "To Survey American Crafts: A Plan N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - The State Arts Agencies in 1974: All Present and Accounted For. Research Division Report #8. AN - 63087937; ED298071 AB - Dedicated to describing all U.S. states' and territories' arts agencies at the close of 1974, this research report complies and analyzes information about their: (1) structure, management, organization, and relationships with other groups and organizations; (2) functions and practices; and (3) receipts and expenditures. State governing councils and commissions, agency staffs, and associated staffs, are described, along with: (1) executive responsibilities; (2) administrative costs; (3) state budgets; (4) intrastate relationships; (5) community councils; (6) citizen advocates; and (7) regional relationships. State art agencies' functions are examined in terms of program emphases, priorities, activities, grant-making, and target audiences. Funding is analyzed in relation to: (1) sources of agency, public, and private funds; (2) matching funds; (3) project funds and expenditures; (4) direct and indirect receipts; (5) primary receipts by art form; (6) project expenditures by activity type; and (7) project funding continuity. A projected outlook, 51 tables, and a directory of states' and territories' arts agencies are included. (JHP) AU - Simmons, Joan Y1 - 1979/08// PY - 1979 DA - August 1979 SP - 161 PB - Publishing Center for Cultural Resources, 152 West 42nd St., New York, NY 10036 ($4.50). KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Financial Support KW - Art KW - Agency Role KW - Statistical Analysis KW - State Agencies KW - Research KW - National Surveys KW - Data Interpretation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/63087937?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Some material is summarized from "State Arts Counc N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Selected Characteristics of Artists: 1970: Self-Employment, Migration, Household and Family. Research Division Report No. 10. AN - 63760198; ED165216 AB - Based on data concerning the artist population of the United States collected in the 1970 census, this report examines three patterns in the lives of artists. The first chapter analyzes self-employment patterns and includes information about the size of the self-employed artist population, its earnings, and a breakdown of self-employment patterns according to occupation. The occupations discussed are authors, architects, painters/sculptors, photographers, and musicians/composers. The second chapter presents data on the migration patterns of artists between 1965 and 1970. Specifically, their migration from region to region and to major metropolitan areas is analyzed. The final chapter examines the household characteristics of artists and includes information on their living arrangements, families, children, and marital status. (Twelve tables and six lists of figures are included.) (FL) Y1 - 1978/11// PY - 1978 DA - November 1978 SP - 28 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Migration Patterns KW - Family Characteristics KW - Demography KW - Artists KW - Occupational Information KW - Musicians KW - Architects KW - Employment Patterns KW - Authors KW - Occupational Mobility UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/63760198?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Audience Studies of the Performing Arts and Museums: A Critical Review. Research Division Report No. 9. AN - 63745646; ED163553 AB - Based on the analysis of 270 studies pertaining to audiences of the performing arts and visitors to museums, this critical review presents a social profile of the culture consuming public and evaluates the quality and usefulness of audience research. The review offers the following information arranged in four chapters: a description of the basic demographics of the arts public and a discussion of other issues involved in audience research such as the composition of audiences over time and their economic and political impact; the quality and impact of arts audience studies; an analysis of the organizational factors affecting research utility, including purpose, impact, quality, and the role of research in arts management; and a proposed agenda for arts audience research. Twelve tables are included and appendixes provide a bibliography along with a list of the studies used in the review. (MAI) AU - DiMaggio, Paul Y1 - 1978/11// PY - 1978 DA - November 1978 SP - 117 KW - Audience Analysis KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Evaluation Methods KW - Demography KW - Research Needs KW - Audiences KW - Cultural Activities KW - Theater Arts KW - Museums KW - Research Utilization KW - Research KW - Literature Reviews KW - Data Analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/63745646?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Economic Impacts of Arts and Cultural Institutions: A Model for Assessment and a Case Study in Baltimore. Research Division Report #6. AN - 63087715; ED298070 AB - This research project attempts to determine the economic effects of arts activities and cultural institutions on a local community (Baltimore, Maryland). This document contains an economic impact model that uses 30 equations to determine direct and secondary effects on businesses, government, and individuals and a case study of the model involving eight Baltimore arts-related institutions. Section 1 describes the model's structure and strengths, and section 2 provides an overview of the Baltimore economy and arts community. Section 3 summarizes the results of the quantitative calculations for Baltimore and discusses the role of the arts in this city's economic development and executive recruitment, while section 4 provides tables of Baltimore arts-related economic data for 1976. Section 5 describes a detailed user's manual that explains the model and its applications. Appendices include: (1) a guide to model and data sources; (2) a description of multiplier and secondary effects; (3) the employee survey; (4) a discussion about audience surveys; (5) methods of identifying full-time and full-time equivalent employees; and (6) equation changes required when data represents multi-institutions or multi-jurisdiction. Tables and equations are included. (JHP) AU - Cwi, David AU - Lyall, Katherine Y1 - 1977/11// PY - 1977 DA - November 1977 SP - 110 KW - Assessment Instruments KW - Economic Impact KW - Economic Influences KW - Maryland (Baltimore) KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Economic Factors KW - Community KW - Equations (Mathematics) KW - Cultural Activities KW - Case Studies KW - Research Projects KW - Community Benefits KW - Models KW - Art Activities UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/63087715?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Where Artists Live: 1970. Research Division Report #5. AN - 63082941; ED298069 AB - Based on 1970 U.S. Census data, this report notes that there were 500,000 persons employed during that year as artists who performed as actors, architects, authors, designers, musicians and composers, painters and sculptors, photographers, radio and television announcers, and in other arts-related fields. Part 1 provides a summary and analysis of the geographic distribution of employed artists, while part 2 specifically describes the principal residential characteristics of each of the major artist occupations, identifying where people in each field were concentrated in terms of total numbers in a community and in proportion to an area's general population of employed persons. Part 3 describes the relative size of each state's and the District of Columbia's employed artist population. It identifies which types of artists were predominant, how the states compared with each other in the employment of artists, and states' urban areas that had large concentrations of working artists. An appendix provides 33 tables of demographic data, and other tables, figures, and maps are included. (JHP) AU - Ellis, Diane Y1 - 1977/10// PY - 1977 DA - October 1977 SP - 83 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Demography KW - Artists KW - Geographic Location KW - Residential Patterns KW - Place of Residence KW - Research Projects KW - Geographic Distribution KW - Employment Patterns KW - Population Distribution KW - Census Figures UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/63082941?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Arts and Cultural Programs on Radio and Television. Research Division Report No. 4. AN - 63760744; ED165205 AB - The findings of a planning study of arts and cultural programing on commercial and public radio and television are summarized in this report. Focusing on the decision making process on arts and cultural subjects in the broadcast industry, the report presents information on the following topics: how the phrase "arts and cultural programing" is understood by key broadcast executives, the terminology used in the industry to describe significant arts and cultural programing, the kinds of programing designated by the industry as "arts and cultural," how the amount of money and broadcast time for arts and cultural programs compare with those provided for other types of programs, the method used in the industry to determine audiences for arts and cultural programing, the means of support for such programing, and the kinds of programs that would be used if they were available. (FL) AU - Katzman, Natan AU - Wirt, Kenneth Y1 - 1977/09// PY - 1977 DA - September 1977 SP - 94 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Fine Arts KW - Media Research KW - Material Development KW - Broadcast Industry KW - Cultural Activities KW - Television KW - Planning KW - Programing (Broadcast) KW - Administrator Attitudes KW - Radio UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/63760744?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Employment and Unemployment of Artists: 1970-1975. Research Division Report Number 1. AN - 63984895; ED125416 AB - Compilation of data on the unemployment and employment of artists on a base comparable with the data for the total U.S. population is presented. Tables present the main body of information about employment and unemployment. A brief summary of highlights is also included. Material presented is technical and intended for persons who are specially concerned about the reliability of the data and its use for trend projection. The period covered is from 1970 through 1975. Breakdown is for males and females, and for architects, actors, authors, dancers, designers, musicians and composers, painters and sculptors, and photographers. (KE) Y1 - 1976/04// PY - 1976 DA - April 1976 SP - 31 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Artists KW - Employment Level KW - Unemployment KW - Males KW - Higher Education KW - Employment Patterns KW - Females KW - Employment KW - Tables (Data) KW - Occupational Surveys UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/63984895?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Museums USA: Highlights. AN - 64132514; ED093777 AB - This museum survey furnishes comprehensive information and findings on America's museums. It is hoped that the survey findings will assist museums in assessing themselves as part of a major cultural field, private and public funding sources in determining museum needs, and the public in understanding the role of the museum in community and national cultural life. Survey procedures are outlined for topics of data collected, qualifying criteria for inclusion in the survey, sampling techniques, questionnaire development, and data analysis. Survey results are summarized and presented graphically in relation to museum type, operating budget and expenditures, governing authority, regional distribution, income, programs and exhibitions, attendance and accessibility, trustees and personnel, and facilities and financial status. Detailed results and analysis of the entire museum survey will be contained in a book prepared by the National Endowment for the Arts to be released in spring 1974. (Author/KSM) Y1 - 1974 PY - 1974 DA - 1974 SP - 22 PB - Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 (SN 3600-00016, $0.40) KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Evaluation Methods KW - Facilities KW - Cultural Centers KW - Museums KW - Cultural Opportunities KW - Cultural Education KW - Financial Policy KW - National Surveys KW - Data Analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/64132514?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Museums USA: Art, History, Science, and Other Museums. AN - 64048809; ED107581 AB - The results and analysis of an earlier museum survey, presented in "Museum U.S.A.: Highlights" (ED 093 777), are given in this document. The purpose is to present a comprehensive picture of museums in the United States--their numbers and locations, types and functions, facilities and finances, personnel and trustees, and activities and attendance. The survey data offers a sound base for future efforts to expand our understanding of museums and other cultural institutions and their role in American life. Data from the survey are shown in 94 graphs to illustrate the findings, which are described and analyzed in the text of this report. The data are examined according to the total number of museums and by four museum characteristics--type, budget size, governing authority, and geographic region. This may be of most immediate interest to professionals, trustees, citizens, and groups actively involved in the work or study of museums and other cultural institutions, and public and private agencies concerned with their development. (Author/ND) Y1 - 1974 PY - 1974 DA - 1974 SP - 213 PB - Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 (Stock No. 036-000-0024, $4.40) KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Facilities KW - Cultural Centers KW - Cultural Activities KW - Museums KW - Cultural Opportunities KW - Cultural Education KW - Financial Policy KW - National Surveys KW - Cultural Enrichment KW - Sciences KW - Personnel Data KW - Data Analysis KW - Arts Centers UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/64048809?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For related document, see ED 093 777 N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Preserving the Moving Image. AN - 63983282; ED124163 AB - In response to the growing importance of gathering and preserving films and television programs, this text focused on the technical problems faced by film archivists in storage and use of visual media collections. Section one presents a technical description of the physical characteristics of film, and includes discussions with film manufacturers and professional archivists. Section two discusses new techniques for film preservation with emphasis on specific ones used by different manufacturers. Section three focuses on the technical characteristics and handling requirements of videotape. (EMH) AU - Sargent, Ralph N. Y1 - 1974 PY - 1974 DA - 1974 SP - 152 PB - Corporation for Public Broadcasting, 888 16th Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20006 ($3.95) KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Technological Advancement KW - Magnetic Tapes KW - Facility Requirements KW - Video Equipment KW - Videotape Recordings KW - Videotape Cassettes KW - Storage KW - Physical Environment KW - Film Libraries KW - Preservation KW - Archives KW - Films UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/63983282?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ERIC&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Sargent%2C+Ralph+N.&rft.aulast=Sargent&rft.aufirst=Ralph&rft.date=1974-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Preserving+the+Moving+Image.&rft.title=Preserving+the+Moving+Image.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 3 - Indexed only N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Manual for the City Building Educational Program: Architectural Consultant Edition. AN - 63972315; ED113829 AB - The program outlined in this manual is an interdisciplinary method of teaching required curriculum (plus additional skills) to elementary students within the framework of a series of activities that relate subject matter to real-life situations. The activities of the program are divided into four slightly overlapping phases or topic areas, each dealing with a different area of development. Each phase is introduced by a statement of purpose and a diagram of developmental sequence. The sequence diagram breaks down each phase into a system of games and simulations and indicates the relationships of all activities in that phase. Following each phase is a list of suggested support activities. The activities progress from simple ones, which can be solved by individual students working alone, to complex ones, which require group organization. Each activity in the program is documented by topic, activity, purpose, objectives, materials, duration, and procedure. (Author/MLF) AU - Nelson, Doreen G. Y1 - 1974 PY - 1974 DA - 1974 SP - 111 PB - The Center for City Building Educational Programs, 235 South Westgate Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90049 ($8.95) KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Elementary Education KW - Flow Charts KW - Environmental Education KW - Simulation KW - Creative Development KW - Problem Solving KW - Instructional Innovation KW - Creative Thinking KW - Educational Games KW - Curriculum Guides KW - Interdisciplinary Approach KW - Futures (of Society) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/63972315?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aeric&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Manual+for+the+City+Building+Educational+Program%3A+Architectural+Consultant+Edition.&rft.au=Nelson%2C+Doreen+G.&rft.aulast=Nelson&rft.aufirst=Doreen&rft.date=1974-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 3 - Indexed only N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - New Dimensions for the Arts 1971-1972. AN - 64119173; ED081700 AB - This report describes the programs and activities developed and supported by the National Endowment for the Arts during 1971-1972. The organizational framework of the Arts Endowment in the federal government is outlined as foundation for detailed discussion of twelve programs of the arts Endowment. These chapters include descriptions of programs in the following areas: architecture and environmental arts, dance, education, expansion arts, literature, museums, music, public media, special projects, theater, visual arts, and federal-state partnership. Lists of contributors to the treasury fund, a history of authorizations and appropriations, and a summary of grants in 1971-1972 are included. (SHM) Y1 - 1973/01// PY - 1973 DA - January 1973 SP - 137 PB - Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 ($2.75, Stock Number 3600-00012) KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Program Descriptions KW - Dance KW - Federal Aid KW - Educational Programs KW - Community Programs KW - Architecture KW - Projects KW - Visual Arts KW - Cultural Enrichment KW - Fine Arts KW - Federal Programs KW - Enrichment Activities KW - Theater Arts KW - Program Development KW - Music KW - Humanities UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/64119173?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - A Partial Directory of American Poets. AN - 64250757; ED055083 AB - This compilation is a partial national list of poets, as well as some fiction writers and playwrights, who are willing to work with high-school-age or younger students in the schools. The directory is divided into three sections: I. Alphabetical listing of poets; II. Alphabetical listing by state (except New York, which also has a listing for New York City) of poets, including addresses, most recent work and publisher, and teaching preference; and III. Service section--lists of relevant and related materials such as anthologies, films and videotapes, how to obtain tapes, recordings, magazines, lists of publishing houses, etc. (DB) AU - Williams, Galen Y1 - 1971 PY - 1971 DA - 1971 SP - 156 PB - Leonard Randolph, Literature Program Director, The National Endowment for the Arts, Washington, D.C. 20506 (free) KW - United States KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Literature Appreciation KW - Directories KW - Poets KW - Literature Programs KW - Authors KW - Poetry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/64250757?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aeric&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=A+Partial+Directory+of+American+Poets.&rft.au=Williams%2C+Galen&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Galen&rft.date=1971-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 3 - Indexed only N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - National Council on the Arts; National Endowment for the Arts. The First Five Years: Fiscal 1966 Through Fiscal 1970. AN - 64306284; ED049169 AB - This report provides a list of programs for which the National Council on the Arts and the National Endowment for the Arts provided financial support from fiscal 1966 through fiscal 1970. Information on the nature of the programs as well as the amount of money involved is included. The programs are listed under the following headings: 1) architecture, planning, and design; 2) dance; 3) education; 4) literature; 5) music; 6) public media; 7) theater; 8) visual arts; 9) coordinated programs; and 10) federal-state partnership program. (MBM) Y1 - 1970 PY - 1970 DA - 1970 SP - 61 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Financial Support KW - Dance KW - Foundation Programs KW - Literature KW - Grants KW - Educational Finance KW - Architecture KW - Visual Arts KW - Fine Arts KW - Theater Arts KW - Music KW - Mass Media UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/64306284?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Programs of the National council on the arts and the National endowment for the arts, October 1965 through April 1970 AN - 59456898; 1970-26014 JF - Office of research, National endowment for the arts, 1970. 62 pp. Y1 - 1970///0, PY - 1970 DA - 0, 1970 SP - 62 PB - Office of research, National endowment for the arts KW - United States -- National council on the arts KW - United States -- National endowment for the arts UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59456898?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1970-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Programs+of+the+National+council+on+the+arts+and+the+National+endowment+for+the+arts%2C+October+1965+through+April+1970&rft.title=Programs+of+the+National+council+on+the+arts+and+the+National+endowment+for+the+arts%2C+October+1965+through+April+1970&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Office of research, National endowment for the arts, 1800 F st., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20006. pa Free N1 - Document feature - tables N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-27 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Federal Funds and Services for the Arts. AN - 64241485; ED057031 AB - This publication lists and describes 90 Federal programs of interest to individual artists, public and private groups, educational institutions, and organizations involved in arts programing. It outlines programs of direct assistance to individual artists--grants, fellowships, and loans. It details programs which strengthen arts programing--research, equipment and materials, construction and remodeling, technical assistance and exhibits, community programs, teaching opportunities, and vocational education and rehabilitation. It also describes various arts activities of Federal commissions to promote a richer cultural environment. The book is concerned solely with programs currently providing funds and services for artists and art programing in the following arts fields: instrumental and vocal music, dance, theatre, creative writing, folk art, architecture, industrial design, painting, sculpture, graphic and craft arts, costume and fashion design, photography, motion pictures, radio and television, and tape and sound recording. Appendixes present listings of: Federal Commissions Engaged in Arts Activities, Federal Agencies Administering Arts Programs, State Arts Agencies, and Federal Legislation Providing Funds and Services for the Arts. An index is provided. (Author/DB) AU - Gault, Judith G. Y1 - 1967 PY - 1967 DA - 1967 SP - 171 PB - Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 (FS 5.250:50050, $1.00) KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Financial Support KW - Teaching Programs KW - Special Education KW - Federal Aid KW - Cultural Activities KW - Grants KW - State Agencies KW - Creative Writing KW - Fellowships KW - Art KW - Federal Legislation KW - Theater Arts KW - Vocational Education KW - Mass Media KW - Educational Research UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/64241485?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 2 - Produced in microfiche (1966-2003) N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER -