TY - JOUR T1 - Principal modes of interannual and decadal variability of summer rainfall over South America AN - 18358518; 5312678 AB - Using the Climate Prediction Center (CPC) Merged Analysis of Precipitation (CMAP) product together with the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) reanalysis and the National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) sea-surface temperature (SST) data, we have conducted a diagnostic study of the interannual and decadal scale variability of principal modes of summer rainfall over South America for the period 1979-1995. By filtering the annual and short (< 12 months) time-scale variations, results of empirical orthogonal function analysis show three leading modes of rainfall variation identified with interannual, decadal and long-term variability. Together, these modes explain more than half the total variance of the filtered data. The first mode is highly correlated with El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), showing a regional rainfall anomaly pattern largely consistent with previous results. This mode captures the summer season interannual variability, not only the Northeast Brazil drought but also its connection with excessive rainfall over Southern Brazil and the Ecuador coast in El Nino years. Another distinctive feature is the strengthening of the low-level flow along the eastern foothills of the eastern Andes, signifying an enhancement of the South American summer monsoon in response to an El Nino anomaly. The decadal variation displays a meridional shift of the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), which is tied to the anomalous cross-equatorial SST gradient over the Atlantic and the eastern Pacific. Associated with this mode is a large-scale mass swing between polar regions and the mid-latitudes. Over the South Atlantic and the South Pacific, the anomalous subtropical high and the associated anomalous surface wind are dynamically consistent with the distribution of local SST anomalies, suggesting the importance of atmospheric forcing at the decadal time scale. The long-term variation shows that since 1980 there has been a decrease of rainfall from the northwest coast to the southeast subtropical region and a southwards shift of the Atlantic ITCZ, leading to increased rainfall over northern and eastern Brazil. Possible links of this mode to the observed SST warming trend over the subtropical South Atlantic and to the interdecadal SST variation over the extratropical North Atlantic are discussed. JF - International Journal of Climatology AU - Zhou, J AU - Lau, K-M AD - Code 913, Laboratory for Atmospheres, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA, lau@climate.gsfc.nasa.gov Y1 - 2001/11/15/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Nov 15 SP - 1623 EP - 1644 VL - 21 IS - 13 SN - 0899-8418, 0899-8418 KW - Annual variations KW - Seasonal variations KW - Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Oceanic Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Marine KW - Sea surface KW - Ecuador KW - Rainfall-sea surface temperature relationships KW - Rainfall KW - Brackish KW - South America, Andes Mts. KW - Empirical orthogonal functions KW - Freshwater KW - El Nino-Southern Oscillation event-rainfall relationships KW - Surface temperature KW - Southern Oscillation KW - Satellite sensing KW - South America KW - Summer rainfall KW - Intertropical Convergence Zone-precipitation relationships KW - Brazil KW - El Nino-Southern Oscillation event-monsoon relationships KW - I, Pacific KW - Decadal precipitation variations KW - Climatology KW - Interannual rainfall variations KW - El Nino phenomena KW - M2 551.577.3:Variations (551.577.3) KW - M2 551.588.16:Influence of sea surface temperature and currents on climate KW - Q2 09244:Air-sea coupling KW - O 2070:Meteorology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18358518?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Climatology&rft.atitle=Principal+modes+of+interannual+and+decadal+variability+of+summer+rainfall+over+South+America&rft.au=Zhou%2C+J%3BLau%2C+K-M&rft.aulast=Zhou&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2001-11-15&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=13&rft.spage=1623&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Climatology&rft.issn=08998418&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fjoc.700 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sea surface; Satellite sensing; Rainfall; Climatology; Southern Oscillation; El Nino phenomena; Surface temperature; Summer rainfall; Intertropical Convergence Zone-precipitation relationships; Rainfall-sea surface temperature relationships; El Nino-Southern Oscillation event-monsoon relationships; Decadal precipitation variations; Empirical orthogonal functions; El Nino-Southern Oscillation event-rainfall relationships; Interannual rainfall variations; South America; Ecuador; Brazil; I, Pacific; South America, Andes Mts.; Marine; Brackish; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/joc.700 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Higher northern latitude normalized difference vegetation index and growing season trends from 1982 to 1999. AN - 72375093; 11769318 AB - Normalized difference vegetation index data from the polar-orbiting National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration meteorological satellites from 1982 to 1999 show significant variations in photosynthetic activity and growing season length at latitudes above 35 degrees N. Two distinct periods of increasing plant growth are apparent: 1982-1991 and 1992-1999, separated by a reduction from 1991 to 1992 associated with global cooling resulting from the volcanic eruption of Mt. Pinatubo in June 1991. The average May to September normalized difference vegetation index from 45 degrees N to 75 degrees N increased by 9% from 1982 to 1991, decreased by 5% from 1991 to 1992, and increased by 8% from 1992 to 1999. Variations in the normalized difference vegetation index were associated with variations in the start of the growing season of -5.6, +3.9, and -1.7 days respectively, for the three time periods. Our results support surface temperature increases within the same period at higher northern latitudes where temperature limits plant growth. JF - International journal of biometeorology AU - Tucker, C J AU - Slayback, D A AU - Pinzon, J E AU - Los, S O AU - Myneni, R B AU - Taylor, M G AD - Laboratory for Terrestrial Physics, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA. compton@ltpmail.gsfc.nasa.gov Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - November 2001 SP - 184 EP - 190 VL - 45 IS - 4 SN - 0020-7128, 0020-7128 KW - Index Medicus KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Seasons KW - Climate KW - Temperature KW - Spacecraft KW - Time Factors KW - Ecosystem KW - Photosynthesis KW - Plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72375093?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+biometeorology&rft.atitle=Higher+northern+latitude+normalized+difference+vegetation+index+and+growing+season+trends+from+1982+to+1999.&rft.au=Tucker%2C+C+J%3BSlayback%2C+D+A%3BPinzon%2C+J+E%3BLos%2C+S+O%3BMyneni%2C+R+B%3BTaylor%2C+M+G&rft.aulast=Tucker&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=184&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+biometeorology&rft.issn=00207128&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-01-08 N1 - Date created - 2001-12-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Screening EEG in aircrew selection: clinical aerospace neurology perspective. AN - 72289170; 11718508 JF - Aviation, space, and environmental medicine AU - Clark, J B AU - Riley, T L AD - NASA Johnson Space Center Flight Medicine Clinic, Houston, TX, USA. jbclark@ems.jsc.nasa.gov Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - November 2001 SP - 1034 EP - 1036 VL - 72 IS - 11 SN - 0095-6562, 0095-6562 KW - Index Medicus KW - Space life sciences KW - Humans KW - Incidence KW - Predictive Value of Tests KW - Seizures -- epidemiology KW - Personnel Selection KW - Electroencephalography KW - Aerospace Medicine KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72289170?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aviation%2C+space%2C+and+environmental+medicine&rft.atitle=Screening+EEG+in+aircrew+selection%3A+clinical+aerospace+neurology+perspective.&rft.au=Clark%2C+J+B%3BRiley%2C+T+L&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1034&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aviation%2C+space%2C+and+environmental+medicine&rft.issn=00956562&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-03-01 N1 - Date created - 2001-11-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Aviat Space Environ Med. 2001 Dec;72(12):1151 [11763121] Comment On: Aviat Space Environ Med. 2001 Nov;72(11):1025-33 [11718507] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Extrapolation of the dna fragment-size distribution after high-dose irradiation to predict effects at low doses. AN - 72207150; 11604078 AB - The patterns of DSBs induced in the genome are different for sparsely and densely ionizing radiations: In the former case, the patterns are well described by a random-breakage model; in the latter, a more sophisticated tool is needed. We used a Monte Carlo algorithm with a random-walk geometry of chromatin, and a track structure defined by the radial distribution of energy deposition from an incident ion, to fit the PFGE data for fragment-size distribution after high-dose irradiation. These fits determined the unknown parameters of the model, enabling the extrapolation of data for high-dose irradiation to the low doses that are relevant for NASA space radiation research. The randomly-located-clusters formalism was used to speed the simulations. It was shown that only one adjustable parameter, Q, the track efficiency parameter, was necessary to predict DNA fragment sizes for wide ranges of doses. This parameter was determined for a variety of radiations and LETs and was used to predict the DSB patterns at the HPRT locus of the human X chromosome after low-dose irradiation. It was found that high-LET radiation would be more likely than low-LET radiation to induce additional DSBs within the HPRT gene if this gene already contained one DSB. JF - Radiation research AU - Ponomarev, A L AU - Cucinotta, F A AU - Sachs, R K AU - Brenner, D J AU - Peterson, L E AD - NASA Johnson Space Center, Mail Code SN, Houston, Texas 77058, USA. alponoma@ems.jsc.nasa.gov Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - November 2001 SP - 594 EP - 597 VL - 156 IS - 5 Pt 2 SN - 0033-7587, 0033-7587 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase KW - EC 2.4.2.8 KW - Index Medicus KW - Space life sciences KW - NASA Discipline Radiation Health KW - NASA Center JSC KW - Radiation Dosage KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase -- radiation effects KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase -- genetics KW - Humans KW - Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field KW - Monte Carlo Method KW - Radiation, Ionizing KW - DNA Damage KW - DNA -- metabolism KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation KW - DNA -- radiation effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72207150?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radiation+research&rft.atitle=Extrapolation+of+the+dna+fragment-size+distribution+after+high-dose+irradiation+to+predict+effects+at+low+doses.&rft.au=Ponomarev%2C+A+L%3BCucinotta%2C+F+A%3BSachs%2C+R+K%3BBrenner%2C+D+J%3BPeterson%2C+L+E&rft.aulast=Ponomarev&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=156&rft.issue=5+Pt+2&rft.spage=594&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Radiation+research&rft.issn=00337587&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-12-04 N1 - Date created - 2001-10-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Space radiation cancer risks and uncertainties for Mars missions. AN - 72206554; 11604093 AB - Projecting cancer risks from exposure to space radiation is highly uncertain because of the absence of data for humans and because of the limited radiobiology data available for estimating late effects from the high-energy and charge (HZE) ions present in the galactic cosmic rays (GCR). Cancer risk projections involve many biological and physical factors, each of which has a differential range of uncertainty due to the lack of data and knowledge. We discuss an uncertainty assessment within the linear-additivity model using the approach of Monte Carlo sampling from subjective error distributions that represent the lack of knowledge in each factor to quantify the overall uncertainty in risk projections. Calculations are performed using the space radiation environment and transport codes for several Mars mission scenarios. This approach leads to estimates of the uncertainties in cancer risk projections of 400-600% for a Mars mission. The uncertainties in the quality factors are dominant. Using safety standards developed for low-Earth orbit, long-term space missions (>90 days) outside the Earth's magnetic field are currently unacceptable if the confidence levels in risk projections are considered. Because GCR exposures involve multiple particle or delta-ray tracks per cellular array, our results suggest that the shape of the dose response at low dose rates may be an additional uncertainty for estimating space radiation risks. JF - Radiation research AU - Cucinotta, F A AU - Schimmerling, W AU - Wilson, J W AU - Peterson, L E AU - Badhwar, G D AU - Saganti, P B AU - Dicello, J F AD - NASA Johnson Space Center, Radiation Health Office, Mail Code SA2, Houston, TX 77058, USA. francis.a.cucinotta@jsc.nasa.gov Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - November 2001 SP - 682 EP - 688 VL - 156 IS - 5 Pt 2 SN - 0033-7587, 0033-7587 KW - Index Medicus KW - Space life sciences KW - NASA Discipline Radiation Health KW - NASA Center JSC KW - NASA Center LaRC KW - NASA Center HQS KW - Non-NASA Center KW - Humans KW - Mars KW - Risk Assessment KW - Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced -- etiology KW - Space Flight KW - Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced -- epidemiology KW - Cosmic Radiation -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72206554?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radiation+research&rft.atitle=Space+radiation+cancer+risks+and+uncertainties+for+Mars+missions.&rft.au=Cucinotta%2C+F+A%3BSchimmerling%2C+W%3BWilson%2C+J+W%3BPeterson%2C+L+E%3BBadhwar%2C+G+D%3BSaganti%2C+P+B%3BDicello%2C+J+F&rft.aulast=Cucinotta&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=156&rft.issue=5+Pt+2&rft.spage=682&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Radiation+research&rft.issn=00337587&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-12-04 N1 - Date created - 2001-10-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Space radiation and cataracts in astronauts. AN - 72206405; 11604058 AB - For over 30 years, astronauts in Earth orbit or on missions to the moon have been exposed to space radiation comprised of high-energy protons and heavy ions and secondary particles produced in collisions with spacecraft and tissue. Large uncertainties exist in the projection of risks of late effects from space radiation such as cancer and cataracts due to the paucity [corrected] of epidemiological data. Here we present epidemiological [corrected] data linking an increased risk of cataracts for astronauts with higher lens doses (>8 mSv) of space radiation relative to other astronauts with lower lens doses (<8 mSv). Our study uses historical data for cataract incidence in the 295 astronauts participating in NASA's Longitudinal Study of Astronaut Health (LSAH) and individual occupational radiation exposure data. These results, while preliminary because of the use of subjective scoring methods, suggest that relatively low doses of space radiation may predispose crew to [corrected] an increased incidence and early appearance of cataracts. JF - Radiation research AU - Cucinotta, F A AU - Manuel, F K AU - Jones, J AU - Iszard, G AU - Murrey, J AU - Djojonegro, B AU - Wear, M AD - NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA. Fcucinot@ems.jsc.nasa.gov Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - November 2001 SP - 460 EP - 466 VL - 156 IS - 5 Pt 1 SN - 0033-7587, 0033-7587 KW - Index Medicus KW - Space life sciences KW - NASA Discipline Radiation Health KW - Flight Experiment KW - NASA Center JSC KW - Apollo Project KW - STS Shuttle Project KW - manned KW - Mercury Project KW - Skylab Project KW - Project Gemini KW - Mir Project KW - short duration KW - long duration KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Linear Energy Transfer KW - Astronauts KW - Space Flight KW - Occupational Diseases -- etiology KW - Lens, Crystalline -- radiation effects KW - Cataract -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72206405?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radiation+research&rft.atitle=Space+radiation+and+cataracts+in+astronauts.&rft.au=Cucinotta%2C+F+A%3BManuel%2C+F+K%3BJones%2C+J%3BIszard%2C+G%3BMurrey%2C+J%3BDjojonegro%2C+B%3BWear%2C+M&rft.aulast=Cucinotta&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=156&rft.issue=5+Pt+1&rft.spage=460&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Radiation+research&rft.issn=00337587&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-12-05 N1 - Date created - 2001-10-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Erratum In: Radiat Res 2001 Dec;156(6):811 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Machine vision guided sensor positioning system for leaf temperature assessment. AN - 71322245; 12088029 AB - A sensor positioning system was developed for monitoring plants' well-being using a non-contact sensor. Image processing algorithms were developed to identify a target region on a plant leaf. A novel algorithm to recover view depth was developed by using a camera equipped with a computer-controlled zoom lens. The methodology has improved depth recovery resolution over a conventional monocular imaging technique. An algorithm was also developed to find a maximum enclosed circle on a leaf surface so the conical field-of-view of an infrared temperature sensor could be filled by the target without peripheral noise. The center of the enclosed circle and the estimated depth were used to define the sensor 3-D location for accurate plant temperature measurement. JF - Transactions of the ASAE. American Society of Agricultural Engineers AU - Kim, Y AU - Ling, P P AD - Department of Agricultural Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA. kim@age.uiuc.edu PY - 2001 SP - 1941 EP - 1947 VL - 44 IS - 6 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Space life sciences KW - Non-NASA Center KW - NASA Discipline Life Support Systems KW - Evaluation Studies as Topic KW - Imaging, Three-Dimensional KW - Photography KW - Plant Leaves -- physiology KW - Robotics KW - Temperature KW - Algorithms KW - Image Processing, Computer-Assisted KW - Environmental Monitoring -- instrumentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71322245?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE.+American+Society+of+Agricultural+Engineers&rft.atitle=Machine+vision+guided+sensor+positioning+system+for+leaf+temperature+assessment.&rft.au=Kim%2C+Y%3BLing%2C+P+P&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1941&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE.+American+Society+of+Agricultural+Engineers&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-08-13 N1 - Date created - 2002-06-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The growth of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) hypocotyls in the light and in darkness differentially involves auxin. AN - 71321699; 12088031 AB - Light and auxin antagonistically regulate hypocotyl elongation. We have investigated the physiological interactions of light and auxin in the control of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) hypocotyl elongation by studying the auxin-insensitive mutant diageotropica (dgt). The length of the hypocotyls of the dgt mutant is significantly reduced when compared to the wild type line Ailsa Craig (AC) in the dark and under red light, but not under the other light conditions tested, indicating that auxin sensitivity is involved in the elongation of hypocotyls only in these conditions. Similarly, the auxin transport inhibitor naphthylphthalamic [correction of naphtylphtalamic] acid (NPA) differentially affects elongation of dark- or light-grown hypocotyls of the MoneyMaker (MM) tomato wild type. Using different photomorphogenic mutants, we demonstrate that at least phytochrome A, phytochrome B1 and, to a much lesser extent [correction of extend], cryptochrome 1, are necessary for a switch from an auxin transport-dependent elongation of hypocotyls in the dark to an auxin transport-independent elongation in the light. Interestingly, the dgt mutant and NPA-treated seedlings exhibit a looped phenotype only under red light, indicating that the negative gravitropism of hypocotyls also differentially involves auxin in the various light conditions. c2001 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. JF - Plant science : an international journal of experimental plant biology AU - Kraepiel, Y AU - Agnes, C AU - Thiery, L AU - Maldiney, R AU - Miginiac, E AU - Delarue, M AD - Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Moleculaire des Plantes, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France. yk@ccr.jussieu.fr Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - November 2001 SP - 1067 EP - 1074 VL - 161 IS - 6 SN - 0168-9452, 0168-9452 KW - Cryptochromes KW - 0 KW - Drosophila Proteins KW - Eye Proteins KW - Flavoproteins KW - Herbicides KW - Indoleacetic Acids KW - Phthalimides KW - Phytochrome A KW - Plant Growth Regulators KW - Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled KW - Transcription Factors KW - cryptochrome protein, Drosophila KW - Phytochrome KW - 11121-56-5 KW - Phytochrome B KW - 136250-22-1 KW - alpha-naphthylphthalamic acid KW - 306R88V86P KW - Space life sciences KW - Gravitropism -- genetics KW - Gravitropism -- physiology KW - Plant Growth Regulators -- genetics KW - Phthalimides -- pharmacology KW - Gravitropism -- drug effects KW - Plant Growth Regulators -- pharmacology KW - Phytochrome -- physiology KW - Phytochrome -- genetics KW - Herbicides -- pharmacology KW - Flavoproteins -- genetics KW - Flavoproteins -- physiology KW - Mutation KW - Plant Growth Regulators -- physiology KW - Darkness KW - Hypocotyl -- radiation effects KW - Phototropism -- physiology KW - Indoleacetic Acids -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Phototropism -- genetics KW - Hypocotyl -- growth & development KW - Lycopersicon esculentum -- radiation effects KW - Hypocotyl -- drug effects KW - Lycopersicon esculentum -- drug effects KW - Photoreceptor Cells, Invertebrate KW - Lycopersicon esculentum -- growth & development KW - Photoreceptor Cells KW - Indoleacetic Acids -- physiology KW - Lycopersicon esculentum -- genetics KW - Light KW - Hypocotyl -- genetics KW - Indoleacetic Acids -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71321699?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+science+%3A+an+international+journal+of+experimental+plant+biology&rft.atitle=The+growth+of+tomato+%28Lycopersicon+esculentum+Mill.%29+hypocotyls+in+the+light+and+in+darkness+differentially+involves+auxin.&rft.au=Kraepiel%2C+Y%3BAgnes%2C+C%3BThiery%2C+L%3BMaldiney%2C+R%3BMiginiac%2C+E%3BDelarue%2C+M&rft.aulast=Kraepiel&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=161&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1067&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+science+%3A+an+international+journal+of+experimental+plant+biology&rft.issn=01689452&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-09-06 N1 - Date created - 2002-06-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Deep Earth rare gases; initial inventories, capture from the solar nebula, and losses during Moon formation AN - 52152812; 2002-008613 AB - The implications of mantle rare gas characteristics for both the acquisition of rare gases from the solar nebula and subsequent losses to space are examined. There is at least one deep mantle reservoir rich in (super 3) He and Ne that was trapped early in Earth history, with minimum concentrations obtained by closed system calculations. Ne isotopes indicate the presence of a component that has a solar composition. Xe isotopes indicate that extensive late losses occurred from the mantle as well as from the atmosphere. Calculations based on a simple two-stage evolution provide times of losses of up to approximately 100 Ma after the formation of the solar system from both the mantle and the atmosphere. These losses appear to have depleted the rare gases by > or =97%; therefore, there originally was at least two orders of magnitude more rare gases than now present. Mechanisms for the capture of rare gases soon after the start of the solar system into the deep Earth (or Earth-forming materials) must provide these high initial concentrations, presumably in the high-energy environment of planetary accretion where strong degassing of solids might be expected to have occurred. A mechanism that satisfies these requirements is the dissolution in a magma ocean of rare gases from a dense primary atmosphere. A massive atmosphere of solar composition would have been captured if the Earth had formed prior to dispersal of the solar nebula. The underlying mantle would have melted due to the energy of accretion and the blanketing effect of this atmosphere. Rare gases would then have entered the molten Earth by dissolution at the surface and downward advection. For typical solubility coefficients, a total pressure of approximately 100 atm and surface temperatures of > approximately 2500 degrees C are required to dissolve sufficient rare gases to account for the initial lower mantle concentrations. While Xe in the mantle is isotopically exchanging with the primary atmosphere, it will be buffered to a solar composition; therefore, somewhat less Xe must be trapped prior to the late loss event for longer periods of exchange. As solidification of the mantle proceeded outward during cooling, the distributions of retained rare gases would have been determined by the history of surface pressure and temperature during the coupled cooling of the Earth and atmosphere. The giant impact proposed for Moon formation may have been responsible for the inferred substantial and late gas losses from the deep mantle as well as from the atmosphere. Constraints on the timing of Moon formation derived from Hf-W systematics and simulations of the giant impact are consistent with the Xe isotope constraints for gas loss. JF - Earth and Planetary Science Letters AU - Porcelli, D AU - Woolum, D AU - Cassen, P Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - November 2001 SP - 237 EP - 251 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 193 IS - 1-2 SN - 0012-821X, 0012-821X KW - concentration KW - Moon KW - isotopes KW - Xe-136/Xe-130 KW - isotope ratios KW - mantle KW - impacts KW - xenon KW - stable isotopes KW - Xe-130/Xe-129 KW - solar nebula KW - lower mantle KW - Earth-Moon couple KW - theoretical studies KW - noble gases KW - inventory KW - geochemistry KW - 02D:Isotope geochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52152812?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Earth+and+Planetary+Science+Letters&rft.atitle=Deep+Earth+rare+gases%3B+initial+inventories%2C+capture+from+the+solar+nebula%2C+and+losses+during+Moon+formation&rft.au=Porcelli%2C+D%3BWoolum%2C+D%3BCassen%2C+P&rft.aulast=Porcelli&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=193&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=237&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Earth+and+Planetary+Science+Letters&rft.issn=0012821X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0012-821X%2801%2900493-9 L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0012821X LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from CAPCAS, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 63 N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - EPSLA2 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - concentration; Earth-Moon couple; geochemistry; impacts; inventory; isotope ratios; isotopes; lower mantle; mantle; Moon; noble gases; solar nebula; stable isotopes; theoretical studies; Xe-130/Xe-129; Xe-136/Xe-130; xenon DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(01)00493-9 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Flux of very faint Leonid meteors observed with a 3 meter liquid mirror telescope intensified charge-coupled device system AN - 52148010; 2002-010327 AB - We have used a 3.0 m diameter liquid mirror telescope (LMT) coupled to a microchannel plate image-intensified charge-coupled device (CCD) detector to study the 1999 Leonid meteor shower. This is the largest aperture optical instrument ever utilized for meteor detection. While the observing system is sensitive down to stars of +18 astronomical magnitude under optimum conditions, when corrections for meteor motion are applied the majority of the meteors collected fall in the absolute magnitude range from +5 to +10, corresponding to photometric masses from about 10 (super -7) to 10 (super -9) kg. This is largely due to the fact that the field of view of the LMT was only 0.28 degrees , so that only a small portion of the luminous meteor trail was recorded. While the flux of these small (1.4X10 (super -9) kg) Leonid meteors is low (on the order of one Leonid meteor per hour per square kilometer perpendicular to the Leonid), we do have clear evidence that the Leonid stream contains particles in the mass range studied here. The data showed a possibly significant peak in Leonid flux (9.3+ or -3.5) for the 1 h period from 11:00 to 12:00 U.T. 1999 November 17 (solar longitude 234.653 to 234.695, epoch 2000.0), although the main trend of these results is a broad low-level Leonid activity. There is evidence that small meteoroids are more widely distributed in the Leonid stream, as would be expected from cometary ejection stream models. As would be expected from an extrapolation of mass distribution indices for brighter meteors, the vast majority of meteors at this size are sporadic. The LMT is a powerful detector of sporadic meteors, with an average non-Leonid detection rate of more than 140 meteor events per hour. JF - Meteoritics & Planetary Science AU - Pawlowski, J F AU - Hebert, T J AU - Hawkes, R L AU - Matney, M J AU - Stansbery, E G Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - November 2001 SP - 1467 EP - 1477 PB - Meteoritical Society, Fayetteville, AR VL - 36 IS - 11 SN - 1086-9379, 1086-9379 KW - meteors KW - mass KW - monitoring KW - liquid miror telescope KW - Leonid meteor shower KW - extraterrestrial geology KW - 04:Extraterrestrial geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52148010?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Meteoritics+%26+Planetary+Science&rft.atitle=Flux+of+very+faint+Leonid+meteors+observed+with+a+3+meter+liquid+mirror+telescope+intensified+charge-coupled+device+system&rft.au=Pawlowski%2C+J+F%3BHebert%2C+T+J%3BHawkes%2C+R+L%3BMatney%2C+M+J%3BStansbery%2C+E+G&rft.aulast=Pawlowski&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1467&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Meteoritics+%26+Planetary+Science&rft.issn=10869379&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://cavern.uark.edu/~meteor/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 38 N1 - PubXState - AR N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - MERTAW N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - extraterrestrial geology; Leonid meteor shower; liquid miror telescope; mass; meteors; monitoring ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Petrogenesis of the early Proterozoic Matachewan dyke swarm, Canada, and implications for magma emplacement and subsequent deformation AN - 52143721; 2002-017930 AB - Major, minor, and rare-earth element analyses of fine-grained marginal material from 249 dykes of the Matachewan giant radiating swarm show that the range in compositions cannot be produced by any simple fractionation model. Instead a two-stage process is required, whereby melts were modified by both fractionation and assimilation of lower crustal material, before rising and ponding at shallower crustal levels (15-20 km maximum), where a combination of fractional crystallization, plagioclase phenocryst formation, and periodic melt replenishment took place. These shallow crustal chambers acted as feeders for the numerous dykes. One hypothesis compatible with these observations involves an extensive rising plume that would provide heterogeneous melts over a large area accompanied by stresses that could produce a radial pattern of dykes. In a search for indications of lateral magma flow, a comparison of longitudinal variations in composition along four sample traverses across the western subswarm showed no truly consistent trends. However, Hf/Zr values are highest in the traverse nearest the focal region and lowest in the traverse 250 km away, suggesting a change in magma composition with distance from the focus of the swarm, the assumed plume centre. Given the presently available data, the variations cannot be attributed to progressive fractionation during lateral magma flow in the crust nor to a northward increase in amounts of contamination by known lower crustal assimilants, all of which have Hf/Zr ratios higher than the distal values recorded by the dykes. Instead the variations are thought to reflect a possible compositional zonation of the plume head. The distortion of the western subswarm from a simple radiating pattern may have been facilitated by a low viscosity lower crust, softened by Matachewan igneous activity, and is consistent with deformation by the Blezardian orogen at about 2.2-2.4 Ga. JF - Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences = Revue Canadienne des Sciences de la Terre AU - Phinney, W C AU - Halls, H C Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - November 2001 SP - 1541 EP - 1563 PB - National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON VL - 38 IS - 11 SN - 0008-4077, 0008-4077 KW - silicates KW - upper Precambrian KW - Paleoproterozoic KW - igneous rocks KW - zirconium KW - Blezardian Orogeny KW - dike swarms KW - major elements KW - hafnium KW - framework silicates KW - Canadian Shield KW - rare earths KW - trace elements KW - chemical composition KW - geochemistry KW - North America KW - plagioclase KW - Precambrian KW - magmatism KW - Superior Province KW - Proterozoic KW - deformation KW - emplacement KW - Ontario KW - intrusions KW - dikes KW - Canada KW - metals KW - magmas KW - Matachewan dike swarm KW - Eastern Canada KW - feldspar group KW - phenocrysts KW - chemical fractionation KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments KW - 05A:Igneous and metamorphic petrology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52143721?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Earth+Sciences+%3D+Revue+Canadienne+des+Sciences+de+la+Terre&rft.atitle=Petrogenesis+of+the+early+Proterozoic+Matachewan+dyke+swarm%2C+Canada%2C+and+implications+for+magma+emplacement+and+subsequent+deformation&rft.au=Phinney%2C+W+C%3BHalls%2C+H+C&rft.aulast=Phinney&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1541&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Journal+of+Earth+Sciences+%3D+Revue+Canadienne+des+Sciences+de+la+Terre&rft.issn=00084077&rft_id=info:doi/10.1139%2Fcjes-38-11-1541 L2 - http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/journal/cjes LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 56 N1 - PubXState - ON N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2016-10-25 N1 - CODEN - CJESAP N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Blezardian Orogeny; Canada; Canadian Shield; chemical composition; chemical fractionation; deformation; dike swarms; dikes; Eastern Canada; emplacement; feldspar group; framework silicates; geochemistry; hafnium; igneous rocks; intrusions; magmas; magmatism; major elements; Matachewan dike swarm; metals; North America; Ontario; Paleoproterozoic; phenocrysts; plagioclase; Precambrian; Proterozoic; rare earths; silicates; Superior Province; trace elements; upper Precambrian; zirconium DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjes-38-11-1541 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The first confirmation of a common origin for a small V-class asteroid with 4 Vesta and the HED meteorites AN - 52085137; 2002-059758 AB - Analysis of a new, near-infrared spectrum for 1929 Kollaa allows us to determine not only that this mainbelt asteroid is a daughter of 4 Vesta, but also to constrain the location of its formation within Vesta and its connection to a group of meteorites. The depth, width, and spectral placement of the 1- and 2-mu m mafic silicate absorption features in the ground-based reflectance spectrum of 4 Vesta (the archetype V-class asteroid) indicate that orthopyroxene is a major phase in its surface mineralogy. In 1994 and 1996, Hubble Space Telescope observations confirmed albedo differences across Vesta's surface, and produced shape and topographic information about Vesta. Dynamical studies previously revealed that a family of mainbelt asteroids is associated with 4 Vesta. Taxonomic surveys have found numerous, smaller asteroids with Vesta-like 1-mu m spectral absorption features. To date, work on the surface mineralogy of Vesta was the definitive analysis for one of these V-class asteroids since no complete near-infrared spectrum of another V-type has existed. The case for a Vesta-HED meteorite connection has a firm mineralogical foundation. Previous spectral data have suggested a link to additional V-class asteroids, but until now that supposed association has not been mineralogically tested. We present a near-infrared reflectance spectrum of asteroid 1929 Kollaa obtained at the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility covering the critical 1- and 2-mu m absorption features. Parameters derived from these features yield values for the orthopyroxene composition and plagioclase-to-orthopyroxene abundance ratio that fall well within the range for basaltic achondrites and 4 Vesta. Additional spectral parameters allow us to further constrain the orthopyroxene composition of 1929 Kollaa, which is consistent with that of cumulate eucrites. This demonstrates that 1929 Kollaa formed deep in the eucritic crust of Vesta near the diogenitic zone. Furthermore, it establishes the first mineralogical (genetic) connection between a Vesta-region asteroid with both 4 Vesta and a subset of the HED meteorites. JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Kelley, Michael S AU - Vilas, Faith AU - Gaffey, Michael J AU - Abell, Paul A AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - November 2001 SP - 433 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 33 IS - 6 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - albedo KW - meteorites KW - stony meteorites KW - asteroids KW - Vesta Asteroid KW - HED meteorites KW - achondrites KW - 04:Extraterrestrial geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52085137?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=The+first+confirmation+of+a+common+origin+for+a+small+V-class+asteroid+with+4+Vesta+and+the+HED+meteorites&rft.au=Kelley%2C+Michael+S%3BVilas%2C+Faith%3BGaffey%2C+Michael+J%3BAbell%2C+Paul+A%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Kelley&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=433&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, 2001 annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by the Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - achondrites; albedo; asteroids; HED meteorites; meteorites; stony meteorites; Vesta Asteroid ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Supra-glacial sulphur springs and associated biological activity AN - 52082491; 2002-059866 AB - This paper describes newly discovered supra-glacial sulphur springs in the Canadian High Arctic. The location represents a unique occurrence of springs discharging from the surface of a large ice sheet and precipitating "travertine-like" deposits of native sulphur, gypsum and calcite as well as releasing H2S. The presence of sulphur in three oxidation states indicates a complex series of redox reactions. Physical and chemical conditions of the spring water and surrounding environment argue for biologically mediated reactions. Bacteria counts of 2 to 3 X 104 cells/ml, as well as SEM images of biofilm and individual cells confirm bacteria are present in the spring system. Sulphur is most likely derived from thick evaporite (anhydrite) beds of the underlying Otto Fiord Formation. Geological constraints suggest a circulation depth of greater than 1.5 km, implying a topography driven flow system, with an active biological community, may operate within an area covered by extensive ice sheets and thick (>500 m) permafrost. JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Grasby, Stephen E AU - Allen, Carlton C AU - Longazo, Teresa G AU - Lisle, John T AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - November 2001 SP - 451 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 33 IS - 6 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - Otto Fjord Formation KW - Ellesmere Island KW - anhydrite KW - sulfates KW - Arctic region KW - Otto Fjord KW - hydrochemistry KW - Queen Elizabeth Islands KW - sedimentary rocks KW - Canada KW - Nunavut KW - travertine KW - sulfur KW - springs KW - ecology KW - chemical composition KW - carbonate rocks KW - geochemistry KW - 06A:Sedimentary petrology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52082491?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Supra-glacial+sulphur+springs+and+associated+biological+activity&rft.au=Grasby%2C+Stephen+E%3BAllen%2C+Carlton+C%3BLongazo%2C+Teresa+G%3BLisle%2C+John+T%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Grasby&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=451&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, 2001 annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by the Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - anhydrite; Arctic region; Canada; carbonate rocks; chemical composition; ecology; Ellesmere Island; geochemistry; hydrochemistry; Nunavut; Otto Fjord; Otto Fjord Formation; Queen Elizabeth Islands; sedimentary rocks; springs; sulfates; sulfur; travertine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Microbes within Dead Sea sediments; their chemical signatures and modes of fossilization AN - 52081946; 2002-059870 AB - The Dead Sea, an evaporite basin, contains a halophilic, prokaryote fauna that is rich in numbers, but limited in generic diversity. A JEOL 6340F field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), IXRF energy dispersive x-ray spectrometer (EDS), and a Phillips XL30 environmental electron microscope (ESEM) are used to analyze benthic detrital and evaporite deposits from waters less than 2 meters deep. We are interested in identifying the chemical signatures of the microbial representatives inhabiting both detrital and evaporite surfaces, including their possible methods of fossilization. Clay and silt sized detrital samples are frequently pitted with many of them containing halite crystals. Halite crystals can also occur as relatively pure aggregates. Sand sized particles indicate pitting with secondary clay formation and magnesium deposits. ESEM analysis indicates the presence of rods (785 nm to 3.62 micrometers), and coccoid to irregular coccoid shapes (828 nm to 1.65 micrometers) within the microbial size range. FE-SEM indicates the presence of elliptically shaped mineralized microbes. Some contain cytoplasmic extensions. All of the mineralized microbes possess calcium ion signatures, a metallic ion that can be associated with microbial activity. Biofilm development is apparently limited within our samples, as even freshly collected material does not possess thick accumulations similar to Bahamian saline lakes. Dead Sea deposits contain a variety of microbial forms with limited biofilm development. Fossilized forms are represented by elliptical to rod-shaped forms with the absence of fossilized coccoid shapes. This is significant as there are coccoid forms present, but apparently fossilization is marginal to nonexistent. JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Morris, Penny A AU - Wentworth, Susan J AU - Thomas-Keprta, Kathie AU - Allen, Carlton C AU - McKay, David S AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - November 2001 SP - 452 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 33 IS - 6 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - chemically precipitated rocks KW - geomicrobiology KW - prokaryotes KW - fossilization KW - evaporites KW - marine sediments KW - biogenic processes KW - sedimentary rocks KW - Dead Sea KW - bacteria KW - sediments KW - chemical composition KW - Asia KW - Middle East KW - 06A:Sedimentary petrology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52081946?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Microbes+within+Dead+Sea+sediments%3B+their+chemical+signatures+and+modes+of+fossilization&rft.au=Morris%2C+Penny+A%3BWentworth%2C+Susan+J%3BThomas-Keprta%2C+Kathie%3BAllen%2C+Carlton+C%3BMcKay%2C+David+S%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=Penny&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=452&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, 2001 annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by the Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Asia; bacteria; biogenic processes; chemical composition; chemically precipitated rocks; Dead Sea; evaporites; fossilization; geomicrobiology; marine sediments; Middle East; prokaryotes; sedimentary rocks; sediments ER - TY - JOUR T1 - MEMS/NEMS technology applied to in-situ planetary exploration AN - 52081944; 2002-059852 AB - Micro/Nano Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS/NEMS) technology is being applied at JPL to develop novel devices and instruments for In-Situ Planetary Exploration. Examples of these applications are described below. Electron-beam excited x-ray fluorescence of materials is enabled in air, in the Atmospheric Electron X-ray Spectrometer (AEXS), by means of a micro-fabricated, electron-transmissive membrane. The 200-nm-thick membrane is capable of withstanding a differential pressure of one atmosphere and isolates the vacuum of the electron source from the atmospheric pressure ambient. We have demonstrated proof-of-principle for the AEXS instrument concept and are working towards building a portable instrument prototype. The Force Detected Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometer (FDNMRS) is a novel, microfabricated device capable of detecting and distinguishing the presence of water and other organic compounds in physisorbed or chemisorbed states. The ultimate device is only 2 mm in diameter is and capable of characterizing 60-micron-sized particles. Proof-of-principle for the spectrometer was demonstrated using a mostly conventionally-machined spectrometer that was 25 times the size of the ultimate device. The proton NMR peak from a water droplet was successfully detected as were J-coupling splittings in an organic molecule using spin-echo techniques. Work is progressing on the realization of the MEMS-scale device. A high aspect ratio lithography technique know by its acronym LIGA is being used to fabricate a micro-quadrupole filter for mass spectrometer applications. The process involves the electroplating of nickel within a "mold" created from a thick-film (2-3 mm thick) Poly Methyl MethAcrylate (PMMA) film. Finally, an electron beam lithography fabricated NEMS device is being developed for "Single Molecule Detection". The so-called Force Detected Optical Spectrometer (FDOS) works on the principle of dipole-dipole interactions causing a nanomechanical resonator to vibrate at frequencies of approx. 500 MHz. This work is very preliminary and the principle of the device and some initial results will be described. JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - George, Thomas AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - November 2001 SP - 449 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 33 IS - 6 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - methods KW - nano electro mechanical systems KW - chemical analysis KW - in situ KW - X-ray fluorescence KW - mass spectroscopy KW - new methods KW - FDNMRS KW - exploration KW - ion probe KW - Force Detected Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometer KW - X-ray analysis KW - applications KW - nuclear magnetic resonance KW - spectroscopy KW - instruments KW - micro-electro-mechanical system KW - 02A:General geochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52081944?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=MEMS%2FNEMS+technology+applied+to+in-situ+planetary+exploration&rft.au=George%2C+Thomas%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=George&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=449&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, 2001 annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by the Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - applications; chemical analysis; exploration; FDNMRS; Force Detected Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometer; in situ; instruments; ion probe; mass spectroscopy; methods; micro-electro-mechanical system; nano electro mechanical systems; new methods; nuclear magnetic resonance; spectroscopy; X-ray analysis; X-ray fluorescence ER - TY - JOUR T1 - New techniques for nanoanalysis and nanogeology AN - 52081912; 2002-059857 AB - The Local Electrode Atom Probe (LEAP) is a new analytical technique that is capable of performing three-dimensional nanoanalysis with near atomic spatial resolution and high mass resolution. The LEAP is based on the Field Ion Microscope (FIM) and utilizes a rapidly pulsed, localized electric field to evaporate a needle-shaped specimen one atom at a time. The ions are accelerated through an aperture in an accelerating microelectrode. A two-dimensional detector, such as a delay-line detector, collects the ions with single atom sensitivity. Since the LEAP is capable of identifying each atom, the accumulated data allows the three-dimensional reconstruction of the sample's structure and composition at the nanometer scale. The LEAP extends the capabilities of the traditional Atom Probe Field Ion Microscope (APFIM) to semi- and non-conducting materials. Focused ion beam secondary ion mass spectroscopy (FIB-SIMS) is a relatively new analytical technique based upon the Focused Ion Beam (FIB) microscope which uses a finely focused beam of gallium ions from a liquid metal source to sputter the sample. The sputtered ions are collected by a Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometer (SIMS) resulting in elemental maps as a function of depth with resolution approaching 20 nm. Focused ion beam secondary ion mass spectroscopy has yet to be widely applied to geological specimens. Compositional changes and phase differences are measurable on small scales with FIB-SIMS, and difficulties due to differential sputtering in conventional SIMS analyses are overcome by sampling at specific depths rather than continuously profiling the sample. The FIB-SIMS provides a bridge between Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) in the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and facilitates the fabrication of samples for LEAP, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (EELS). Initial results of FIM and FIB-SIMS analyses of a metamorphic magnetite sample containing disk-shaped exsolution lamellae approximately 40 nm in diameter, 1-3 nm thick and about 104 platelets/mu m (super 3) will be discussed. The FIB-SIMS cross-sectioning, imaging and chemical analysis of a geomicrobiological sample will also be presented. JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Kuhlman, Kimberly R AU - Conrad, Pamela G AU - Kelly, Thomas F AU - Miller, Michael K AU - Evans, Neal D AU - Dunn, Derren N AU - Hull, Robert AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - November 2001 SP - 450 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 33 IS - 6 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - ion probe KW - chemical analysis KW - Local Electrode Atom Probe KW - mass spectroscopy KW - applications KW - LEAP KW - spectroscopy KW - instruments KW - 02A:General geochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52081912?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=New+techniques+for+nanoanalysis+and+nanogeology&rft.au=Kuhlman%2C+Kimberly+R%3BConrad%2C+Pamela+G%3BKelly%2C+Thomas+F%3BMiller%2C+Michael+K%3BEvans%2C+Neal+D%3BDunn%2C+Derren+N%3BHull%2C+Robert%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Kuhlman&rft.aufirst=Kimberly&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=450&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, 2001 annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by the Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - applications; chemical analysis; instruments; ion probe; LEAP; Local Electrode Atom Probe; mass spectroscopy; spectroscopy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biosignature recognition and the integration of data sets over multiple scales of observation AN - 52079509; 2002-059856 AB - There are a number of different observational scales over which one may detect biosignatures. Examples of these scales are spatial distribution, temporal scale, and various electromagnetic spectral scales. The magnitude of the observation varies, depending upon the type of measurement scale in consideration, and a large signal (that is, high contrast of signal to background intensities) in one scale of observation does not necessarily correlate to the same magnitude response in some other scale of observation for the same sample. The Center for Life Detection at JPL is interested in discovering the full range of chemical and structural biosignatures that can be present in sediment and rock. To that end, we have explored a number of methods and technologies that yield complementary data sets, which, considered together, can provide the evidence to make good statistical decisions about whether or not evidence for life is being detected in geological materials. Here, I will present both chemical and structural data acquired at both various scales and various magnitudes and address some of the issues pertinent to the acquisition, handling and interpretation of these observations. JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Conrad, Pamela G AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - November 2001 SP - 449 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 33 IS - 6 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - chemical analysis KW - technology KW - statistical analysis KW - sediments KW - geophysical methods KW - electromagnetic methods KW - rocks KW - biology KW - 02A:General geochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52079509?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Biosignature+recognition+and+the+integration+of+data+sets+over+multiple+scales+of+observation&rft.au=Conrad%2C+Pamela+G%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Conrad&rft.aufirst=Pamela&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=449&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, 2001 annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by the Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biology; chemical analysis; electromagnetic methods; geophysical methods; rocks; sediments; statistical analysis; technology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A demonstration of lidar metrics analysis and barrier island morphodynamic classification, North Assateague Island, Maryland AN - 52038579; 2003-006354 AB - A multi-temporal airborne lidar change analysis of north Assateague Island, Maryland has been undertaken to demonstrate the calculation of lidar metrics that condense barrier island morphology and morphological change into attributed linear features that may be used to analyze trends in coastal evolution. These methods are also of significant practical value, because lidar metric analysis reduces large volumes of point elevations into linear features attributed with essential morphological variables that are ideally suited for inclusion in Geographic Information Systems. Lidar change metrics calculated for north Assateague Island were applied in a pattern recognition procedure that yielded a morphodynamic classification for a recent annual cycle. This analysis revealed the relative magnitude and fine scale alongshore variation in the importance of coastal changes over the study area during a defined time period between two airborne lidar surveys. More generally, this analysis demonstrates the value of lidar metrics in both examining large lidar data sets for coherent trends, and in building hypotheses on processes of barrier island evolution. Recent advances in airborne lidar instrumentation have the potential to enhance multi-temporal lidar change analysis of barrier islands by enabling the simultaneous surveying of "bald earth" topography and adjacent shallow bathymetry. The NASA Experimental Advanced Airborne Research Lidar (EAARL) provides cross-environment surveys by the use of a scanning pulsed blue-green wavelength laser combined with a receiver that records the entire waveform of each reflected laser pulse. In addition to integrated topographic/bathymetric surveying, the NASA EAARL enables discrimination of ground surface elevations in the presence of some vegetation, and thereby removes a significant potential source of error in lidar-based analyses of geomorphic change. JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Brock, John AU - Krabill, William AU - Duffy, Mark AU - Sallenger, Asbury H, Jr AU - Wright, C Wayne AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - November 2001 SP - 340 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 33 IS - 6 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - United States KW - barrier islands KW - pattern recognition KW - laser methods KW - landform evolution KW - government agencies KW - shorelines KW - radar methods KW - Worcester County Maryland KW - Assateague Island KW - lidar methods KW - national seashores KW - NASA KW - classification KW - Maryland KW - geomorphology KW - morphodynamics KW - Atlantic Coastal Plain KW - airborne methods KW - 30:Engineering geology KW - 23:Geomorphology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52038579?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=A+demonstration+of+lidar+metrics+analysis+and+barrier+island+morphodynamic+classification%2C+North+Assateague+Island%2C+Maryland&rft.au=Brock%2C+John%3BKrabill%2C+William%3BDuffy%2C+Mark%3BSallenger%2C+Asbury+H%2C+Jr%3BWright%2C+C+Wayne%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Brock&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=340&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, 2001 annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by the Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States N1 - Date revised - 2003-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - airborne methods; Assateague Island; Atlantic Coastal Plain; barrier islands; classification; geomorphology; government agencies; landform evolution; laser methods; lidar methods; Maryland; morphodynamics; NASA; national seashores; pattern recognition; radar methods; shorelines; United States; Worcester County Maryland ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Global topography at high resolution; shuttle radar topography mission AN - 52037429; 2003-006389 AB - The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) used radar interferometry to derive elevation models for most of the Earth's landmass (+ or -60 degrees latitude) at 30 meter resolution. Processing and release of these data are currently in progress. This new data set opens several opportunities for geologic investigations. Geologic features and processes are commonly evident from their topographic expression. Depositional landforms are usually distinctive in morphology, and erosional processes commonly reveal lithologic contrasts and structural patterns. Satellite imagery has provided detailed views of the Earth's landforms in recent decades, but the third dimension (topographic height) has generally been obscure and interpretable only from natural time-of-observation shade patterns. Site by site derivation of elevation models from stereo optical imagery has been cumbersome, expensive, and subject to obscuration by clouds. SRTM eliminates these difficulties. SRTM data are particularly effective in combination with satellite imagery. Anaglyphs and color stereo pairs (with user specified vertical exaggeration) are easily generated and analyzed on standard desktop computers with simple and basic software and hardware. However, SRTM data are also an effective analysis resource even when visualized solely. User controlled shaded relief and/or color coded height can substitute for image overlays and can be viewed in two or three dimensions. SRTM will produce the first detailed views of regional topography for many parts of the world, which should lead to greater understandings of tectonic, fluvial, glacial, eolian, and mass wasting patterns and processes. JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Crippen, Robert E AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - November 2001 SP - 346 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 33 IS - 6 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - high-resolution methods KW - imagery KW - Shuttle Imaging Radar KW - global KW - elevation KW - radar methods KW - landforms KW - satellite methods KW - interferometry KW - relief KW - topography KW - SRTM KW - Shuttle Radar Topography Mission KW - continents KW - geomorphology KW - color imagery KW - remote sensing KW - 23:Geomorphology KW - 20:Applied geophysics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52037429?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Global+topography+at+high+resolution%3B+shuttle+radar+topography+mission&rft.au=Crippen%2C+Robert+E%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Crippen&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=346&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, 2001 annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by the Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States N1 - Date revised - 2003-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - color imagery; continents; elevation; geomorphology; global; high-resolution methods; imagery; interferometry; landforms; radar methods; relief; remote sensing; satellite methods; Shuttle Imaging Radar; Shuttle Radar Topography Mission; SRTM; topography ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Microbial biota from fractured stromatolite and biofilm samples; biomarkers from a hypersaline lake AN - 52029877; 2003-011456 AB - A variety of biota is found in biofilm and on and within stromatolite samples from the inland hypersaline Storr's Lake on San Salvador Island in the Bahamas. Studies by Brigmon, using 16S rRNA analysis, indicate five genera of sulfate-reducing bacteria. Morphological observations with a field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and an environmental electron microscope (ESEM) indicate diatoms, filamentous, rod-, ovoid- and spheroid-shaped features. Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) indicates that the features contain magnesium, sulfur, silicon and calcium. The matrix material is primarily calcium carbonate. Examination of fresh fracture surfaces of the stromatolite samples reveals abundant spheroids composed of four distinct size populations: large (mu = 5.3 mm), medium (mu = 2.0 mm), small (mu = 0.55 mm), and tiny (mu = 0.13 mm). Surface textures vary from smooth to rough. The two larger classes of spheroids are likely to be fossilized bacteria coccoids; they occur in clusters, are closely associated with the biofilm, have a limited size range, and are primarily carbonate composition. The small and tiny spheres are frequently embedded in smooth, filmy biofilms, which vary in appearance from thick to filamentous to web-like to vesiculated. Averaging at 0.13 microns each, the tiny spheres are unlikely to be fossilized bacteria because of extremely small size and unusual composition: they are made of primarily magnesium and silicon, with no definitive carbon. We propose that they may be precipitates analogous to features described by Allen et al. (2000). In addition to the coccoidal forms, the biofilm samples also contain abundant rod and dumbbell structures, varying in size from 2-4 microns lengthwise and similar to those produced by Chafetz et al. (1991). EDS analyses indicate calcite composition. We interpret these rods, hollow filaments, and dumbbell-shaped forms to be calcite precipitates nucleated by microbes. If there was water once present on the surface of Mars or Europa, it is possible that subtidal pools formed that were similar to Storr's Lake. Stromatolites could be the universal first step in life's mass aggregation, in any environment where bacteria-like organisms form. Future work on stromatolites may further indicate their usefulness as biomarkers. JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Byrne, Monica AU - Morris, Penny AU - Wentworth, Susan J AU - Thomas-Keprta, Kathie L AU - Brigmon, Robin AU - McKay, David S AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - November 2001 SP - 405 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 33 IS - 6 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - fractured materials KW - icy satellites KW - Europa Satellite KW - San Salvador KW - Jupiter KW - Mars KW - Galilean satellites KW - algae KW - giant planets KW - modern KW - diatoms KW - interplanetary comparison KW - ecology KW - spectra KW - outer planets KW - satellites KW - sedimentary structures KW - hypersaline environment KW - Storr's Lake KW - Plantae KW - experimental studies KW - living taxa KW - biogenic structures KW - West Indies KW - Caribbean region KW - biomarkers KW - X-ray spectra KW - biota KW - terrestrial planets KW - stromatolites KW - planets KW - limnology KW - Bahamas KW - biofilms KW - lacustrine environment KW - SEM data KW - microorganisms KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52029877?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Microbial+biota+from+fractured+stromatolite+and+biofilm+samples%3B+biomarkers+from+a+hypersaline+lake&rft.au=Byrne%2C+Monica%3BMorris%2C+Penny%3BWentworth%2C+Susan+J%3BThomas-Keprta%2C+Kathie+L%3BBrigmon%2C+Robin%3BMcKay%2C+David+S%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Byrne&rft.aufirst=Monica&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=405&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, 2001 annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by the Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States N1 - Date revised - 2003-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - algae; Bahamas; biofilms; biogenic structures; biomarkers; biota; Caribbean region; diatoms; ecology; Europa Satellite; experimental studies; fractured materials; Galilean satellites; giant planets; hypersaline environment; icy satellites; interplanetary comparison; Jupiter; lacustrine environment; limnology; living taxa; Mars; microorganisms; modern; outer planets; planets; Plantae; San Salvador; satellites; sedimentary structures; SEM data; spectra; Storr's Lake; stromatolites; terrestrial planets; West Indies; X-ray spectra ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaporite minerals, water, and organic compounds in asteroid and comet samples AN - 52029750; 2003-011445 AB - Water was widespread in the early solar system. Structural or trapped water remains a minor or trace phase in many asteroids, while water ice is a major constituent of comets. Meteorites and interplanetary dust particles (IDPs) are samples of asteroids and comets that have reached the Earth. A class of primitive meteorites -- the carbonaceous chondrites -- shows evidence for extensive water:rock interactions. In the CI-type and in many of the CM-type chondrites (two of several subgroups divided according to petrologic and compositional characteristics), the primary mineralogy has been nearly completely replaced with an assemblage of clay minerals, oxides, carbonates, and sulfates. Evaporite minerals observed in CI chondrites include calcite, dolomite-ankerite, magnesite-siderite, gypsum, epsomite, and blodite. The CM chondrite assemblage is similar except that they lack the highly soluble Mg-rich sulfates. The alteration occurred very quickly, within 50-100 Ma of the formation time ( approximately 4.5 Ga ago) of the parent bodies. The secondary minerals formed from brine-like fluids at temperatures below approximately 100-150C and at moderate water:rock ratios. Some ordinary chondrites (another major class of stony meteorites) also contain traces of evaporite minerals (halite and sylvite). Fluid inclusions in these salts also indicate precipitation from concentrated brines. I-Xe isotope systematics indicate that the ordinary chondrite salts formed within 2 Ma of the formation time of the parent asteroid ( approximately 4.6 Ga). Cometary IDPs show little to no evidence for aqueous interactions, while those from asteroidal sources show comparable levels of alteration to the CI chondrites. Siderite-magnesite solid solutions are a common, minor component of these asteroidal IDPs. Primitive carbonaceous chondrites contain up to 5% carbon, which was also affected by the early aqueous interactions. Over 400 pre-biotic organic compounds have been identified in CM chondrites. IDPs are even more carbon-rich and contain as much as approximately 50 wt. % carbon, much in the form of complex organic chemicals that survive entry through the Earth's atmosphere intact. Asteroids and comets have provided significant portions of the total water inventories and pre-biotic organic matter to the terrestrial planets, including Earth. JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Keller, Lindsay P AU - Allen, Carlton C AU - Wentworth, Susan J AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - November 2001 SP - 403 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 33 IS - 6 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - halides KW - ordinary chondrites KW - stony meteorites KW - asteroids KW - interplanetary dust KW - meteorites KW - gypsum KW - inclusions KW - chlorides KW - mineral assemblages KW - chondrites KW - geochemistry KW - water KW - sylvite KW - sulfates KW - parent bodies KW - carbonaceous chondrites KW - halite KW - epsomite KW - organic compounds KW - comets KW - fluid inclusions KW - CM chondrites KW - carbonates KW - 05B:Petrology of meteorites and tektites KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52029750?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Astrobiology&rft.atitle=Lithosphere-hydrosphere+interactions+on+the+Hadean+%28%26gt%3B4.0+Ga%29+Earth&rft.au=Mojzsis%2C+Stephen+J%3BGoolish%2C+Edward+M&rft.aulast=Mojzsis&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft.date=2001-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=382&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Astrobiology&rft.issn=15311074&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, 2001 annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by the Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States N1 - Date revised - 2003-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - asteroids; carbonaceous chondrites; carbonates; chlorides; chondrites; CM chondrites; comets; epsomite; fluid inclusions; geochemistry; gypsum; halides; halite; inclusions; interplanetary dust; meteorites; mineral assemblages; ordinary chondrites; organic compounds; parent bodies; stony meteorites; sulfates; sylvite; water ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Benthic marine cyanobacterial mat ecosystems; biogeochemistry and biomarkers AN - 52029121; 2003-011420 AB - Cyanobacterial mats are complete ecosystems that can include processes of primary production, diagenesis and lithification. Light sustains oxygenic photosynthesis, which in turn provides energy, organic matter and oxygen to the community. Due to both absorption and scattering phenomena, incident light is transformed with depth in the mat, both in intensity and spectral composition. Motile photosynthesizers optimize their position with respect to this light gradient. When photosynthesis ceases at night, the upper layers of the mat become reduced and sulfidic. Counteracting gradients of oxygen and sulfide combine to provide daily-contrasting environments separated on a scale of a few mm. The functional complexity of mats, coupled with the highly proximal and ordered spatial arrangement of biota, offers the potential for a staggering number of interactions. At a minimum, the products of each functional group of microorganisms affect the other groups both positively and negatively. For example, cyanobacteria generate organic matter (potential substrates) but also oxygen (a toxin for many anaerobes). Anaerobic activity recycles nutrients to the photosynthesizers but also generates potentially toxic sulfide. The combination of benefits and hazards of light, oxygen and sulfide promotes the allocation of the various essential mat processes between light and dark periods, and to various depths in the mat. Observations of mats have produced numerous surprises. For example, obligately anaerobic processes can occur in the presence of abundant oxygen, highly reduced gases are produced in the presence of abundant sulfate, meiofauna thrive at high sulfide concentrations, and the mats' constituent populations respond to environmental changes in complex ways. While photosynthetic bacteria dominate the biomass and productivity of the mat, nonphotosynthetic, anaerobic processes constitute the ultimate biological filter on the ecosystem's emergent biosignatures, including those sedimentary textures, organic compounds, and minerals that enter the fossil record. The ability of cyanobacterial mats to channel abundant solar energy into the creation and maintenance of complex structures and processes has created a multitude of consequences, both for sedimentation and for the early evolution of our biosphere. JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Des Marais, David J AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - November 2001 SP - 399 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 33 IS - 6 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - cyanobacteria KW - photosynthesis KW - benthic taxa KW - biogenic structures KW - biochemistry KW - photochemistry KW - ecosystems KW - biomarkers KW - algal structures KW - algal mats KW - marine methods KW - bacteria KW - ecology KW - sedimentary structures KW - 06A:Sedimentary petrology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52029121?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Benthic+marine+cyanobacterial+mat+ecosystems%3B+biogeochemistry+and+biomarkers&rft.au=Des+Marais%2C+David+J%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Des+Marais&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=399&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, 2001 annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by the Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States N1 - Date revised - 2003-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - algal mats; algal structures; bacteria; benthic taxa; biochemistry; biogenic structures; biomarkers; cyanobacteria; ecology; ecosystems; marine methods; photochemistry; photosynthesis; sedimentary structures ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Recent aqueous environments in Martian impact craters; an astrobiological perspective AN - 51528676; 2006-086123 JF - Icarus AU - Cabrol, Nathalie A AU - Wynn-Williams, David D AU - Crawford, David A AU - Grin, Edmond A A2 - Clifford, Stephen M. A2 - Thorsteinsson, Thorsteinn A2 - Bjoernsson, Helgi A2 - Fisher, David A. A2 - Paige, David Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - November 2001 SP - 98 EP - 112 PB - Elsevier, New York, NY VL - 154 IS - 1 SN - 0019-1035, 0019-1035 KW - cratering KW - Argyre Basin KW - impact features KW - astrobiology KW - Mars KW - aqueous environment KW - sedimentary rocks KW - volcanism KW - Hale Crater KW - surface features KW - climate KW - water KW - chemically precipitated rocks KW - evaporites KW - ejecta KW - terrestrial planets KW - Gorgonum Chaos KW - case studies KW - planets KW - photogeology KW - Newton Crater KW - terrestrial comparison KW - impact craters KW - geomorphology KW - carbonate rocks KW - preservation KW - salt KW - microorganisms KW - 04:Extraterrestrial geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51528676?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Icarus&rft.atitle=Recent+aqueous+environments+in+Martian+impact+craters%3B+an+astrobiological+perspective&rft.au=Cabrol%2C+Nathalie+A%3BWynn-Williams%2C+David+D%3BCrawford%2C+David+A%3BGrin%2C+Edmond+A&rft.aulast=Cabrol&rft.aufirst=Nathalie&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=154&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=98&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Icarus&rft.issn=00191035&rft_id=info:doi/10.1006%2Ficar.2001.6661%29 L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00191035 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2006-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 102 N1 - PubXState - NY N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. table, sect. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - ICRSA5 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aqueous environment; Argyre Basin; astrobiology; carbonate rocks; case studies; chemically precipitated rocks; climate; cratering; ejecta; evaporites; geomorphology; Gorgonum Chaos; Hale Crater; impact craters; impact features; Mars; microorganisms; Newton Crater; photogeology; planets; preservation; salt; sedimentary rocks; surface features; terrestrial comparison; terrestrial planets; volcanism; water DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/icar.2001.6661) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ancient lowlands on Mars; buried impact basins and age of the crustal dichotomy AN - 50306594; 2002-059754 AB - A very large population of Quasi-Circular Depressions (QCDs) larger than 50 km in diameter has been revealed in the northern lowlands of Mars by high resolution Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) data. These include about 90 visible impact craters but more than 550 features that are not visible in Viking imagery. Similar QCDs occur in the ancient cratered highlands of Mars. Their wide distribution, lack of association with known volcanic or tectonic regions, subdued and shallow profiles like those expected for buried impacts, and the shape of their cumulative frequency curves all indicate the "MOLA-found" QCDs are most likely buried impact basins. The very large number in northern terrains suggests the lowlands of Mars, below a veneer of young plains-forming units, are very old, and that the lowlands formed very early in martian history. Cumulative frequency curves for the visible and buried QCDs in the lowlands were compared over the same diameter range with similar curves for highland QCDs in the Noachis-Arabia area. The cumulative number of lowland "MOLA-found" basins per unit area is greater than that for visible impact basins in the highlands, but less than that for buried highland basins. The visible highlands in Noachis-Arabia are on average Middle Noachian in age, and the cumulative crater density is consistent with this. The buried lowland surface is therefore older than Middle Noachian and may be as old as the Early Noachian. This implies that the crustal dichotomy on Mars formed very early, and provides a temporal constraint on the processes that could produce the lowlands, favoring those that occur early and quickly. JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Frey, Herbert V AU - Shockey, Kelly M AU - Roark, James H AU - Frey, Erin L AU - Sakimoto, Susan E H AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - November 2001 SP - 432 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 33 IS - 6 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - terrestrial planets KW - planets KW - impact features KW - surface features KW - basins KW - plains KW - Mars KW - impact craters KW - crust KW - buried features KW - 04:Extraterrestrial geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50306594?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Ancient+lowlands+on+Mars%3B+buried+impact+basins+and+age+of+the+crustal+dichotomy&rft.au=Frey%2C+Herbert+V%3BShockey%2C+Kelly+M%3BRoark%2C+James+H%3BFrey%2C+Erin+L%3BSakimoto%2C+Susan+E+H%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Hedges&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2001-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=381&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Astrobiology&rft.issn=15311074&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, 2001 annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by the Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - basins; buried features; crust; impact craters; impact features; Mars; plains; planets; surface features; terrestrial planets ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Geologically recent Martian volcanism and flooding in Elysium Planitia and Cerberus Rupes; plains-style eruptions and related water release? AN - 50305867; 2002-059748 AB - Recent Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) images and Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) topography from the Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) Spacecraft have led several research teams to suggest geologically recent (10-100 m.y. ago) volcanism within Elysium Planitia and Amazonis Planitia that--in some areas--may have been emplaced over ice-rich ground. Other work has pointed to the possibility that the same rifts serve as a source for both the volcanism and the water. MOLA data provides us with new abilities to 1) provide recognition of low relief, low albedo variation volcanic or fluvial features not apparent in available images, 2) constrain estimated flow rates from edifice geometry or channel geometry and regional slope measurements, and 3) topographically track these volcanic and fluvial features to their apparent sources. We find that the volcanism in this region is well-expressed in a series of topographically fresh rift and low shield eruptions. Shield and regional slopes are quite low, with shield flank slopes ranging from 0.14 to 0.3 degrees and regional slopes of 0.01 to 0.04 degrees. Some shields have extensive associated flows, and several are constructed over rift segments. In general, the volcanism appears to be a relatively topographically fresh expression of plains style volcanism. Our edifice and channel models provide evidence for lower volcanic production rates than would be derived for flood-type basaltic provinces. Model calculations for typical basaltic or basaltic andesite rheologies yield very plausible volcanic flow rates (e.g. 1000 cubic meters/second). Rift and small shield sources are evident in the topographic data for much of the youngest volcanism, and we concur with prior suggestions that some of the volcanic and fluvial features appear to originate at common rift sources. Given the apparent youth from both topographic freshness and from existing crater dating work for the fluvial and the volcanism features, this region provides compelling evidence for the overlap of volcanic and hydrologic domains for the martian near-surface and surface environments in the recent geologic past. From the apparent age range of flows within the region, this is clearly a long-lived volcanic province, and future hydrologic and/or volcanic events are still conceivable. JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Sakimoto, Susan E H AU - Riedel, Shauna J AU - Burr, Devon AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - November 2001 SP - 431 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 33 IS - 6 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - Ceberus Rupes KW - Mars KW - Amazonis Planitia KW - altimetry KW - terrestrial planets KW - planets KW - volcanic features KW - topography KW - volcanism KW - eruptions KW - Elysium KW - fluvial features KW - MOLA KW - Elysium Planitia KW - 04:Extraterrestrial geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50305867?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Geologically+recent+Martian+volcanism+and+flooding+in+Elysium+Planitia+and+Cerberus+Rupes%3B+plains-style+eruptions+and+related+water+release%3F&rft.au=Sakimoto%2C+Susan+E+H%3BRiedel%2C+Shauna+J%3BBurr%2C+Devon%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Sakimoto&rft.aufirst=Susan+E&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=431&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, 2001 annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by the Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - altimetry; Amazonis Planitia; Ceberus Rupes; Elysium; Elysium Planitia; eruptions; fluvial features; Mars; MOLA; planets; terrestrial planets; topography; volcanic features; volcanism ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaporite minerals in Martian samples; clues to the near-surface history of Mars AN - 50301633; 2003-011447 AB - Remote sensing data clearly show that the surface of Mars contains large- and medium-scale erosional and depositional features. It is commonly believed that many of the (non-aeolian) surface features are the result of aqueous activity, although other possible mechanisms such as erosion and deposition by liquid carbon dioxide, clathrate, and/or flowing lava, have also been proposed. Martian rock samples (meteorites from Mars), however, confirm that water has been actively present near the Martian surface. The Martian meteorites are igneous rocks (diabasic, basaltic, ultramafic), but traces of aqueously-precipitated secondary minerals, such as salts and phyllosilicates, are found along fractures and in voids in the rocks. The salts commonly occur as isolated microscopic grains or small clusters of grains. Some of the salts and other alteration products are demonstrably Martian. The distinction between possible Martian phases and terrestrial contaminants is not always clear, however. Martian salts seem to be very similar to those found in marine-type evaporites on Earth, and include carbonates, Ca-sulfate, Mg-sulfate, and halite. Earth-like layered sequences have not yet been observed in Martian occurrences. Ages of the Martian salts range from 3.9 Ga to less than 165 Ma, indicating that aqueous processes have been active on Mars for a very long time. The salts themselves commonly show evidence of weathering, suggesting that Martian aqueous activity may have been episodic. It is important to understand the Martian salts in order to decipher the near-surface history of Mars. Furthermore, the presence of evaporites on Mars has strong implications for the search for life there. The evaporites, along with other products of aqueous alteration, indicate that many of the components necessary for life on Earth, such as circulating water, potential nutrients dissolved in the water, and temperatures overlapping with the range for known organisms, have been available on Mars, possibly for a very large part of geologic history. JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Wentworth, Susan J AU - McKay, David S AU - Thomas-Keprta, Kathie L AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - November 2001 SP - 403 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 33 IS - 6 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - halides KW - chemically precipitated rocks KW - sulfates KW - Mars KW - evaporites KW - halite KW - terrestrial planets KW - planets KW - sedimentary rocks KW - mineral composition KW - chlorides KW - terrestrial comparison KW - carbonates KW - salt KW - 04:Extraterrestrial geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50301633?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Evaporite+minerals+in+Martian+samples%3B+clues+to+the+near-surface+history+of+Mars&rft.au=Wentworth%2C+Susan+J%3BMcKay%2C+David+S%3BThomas-Keprta%2C+Kathie+L%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Wentworth&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=403&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, 2001 annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by the Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States N1 - Date revised - 2003-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - carbonates; chemically precipitated rocks; chlorides; evaporites; halides; halite; Mars; mineral composition; planets; salt; sedimentary rocks; sulfates; terrestrial comparison; terrestrial planets ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Global mapping of underwater UV irradiances and DNA-weighted exposures using Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer and sea-viewing wide field-of-view sensor data products AN - 50157925; 2002-007599 AB - The global stratospheric ozone layer depletion results in an increase in biologically harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation reaching the surface and penetrating to ecologically significant depths in natural waters. Such an increase can be estimated on a global scale by combining satellite estimates of UV irradiance at the ocean surface from the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) satellite instrument with the Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) satellite ocean color measurements in the visible spectral region. In this paper we propose a model of seawater optical properties in the UV spectral region based on the case 1 water model in the visible range. The inputs to the model are standard monthly SeaWiFS products: chlorophyll concentration and the diffuse attenuation coefficient at 490 nm. Penetration of solar UV radiation to different depths in open ocean waters is calculated using the radiative transfer quasi-single scattering approximation (QSSA). The accuracy of the QSSA approximation in the water is tested using more accurate codes. Sensitivity studies of underwater UV irradiance to atmospheric and oceanic optical properties have shown that the main environmental parameters controlling absolute levels of UVB (280-320 nm) and DNA-weighted irradiance underwater are solar zenith angle, cloud transmittance, water optical properties, and total ozone. Monthly maps of underwater UV irradiance and DNA-weighted exposure are calculated using monthly mean SeaWiFS chlorophyll and diffuse attenuation coefficient, daily SeaWiFS cloud fraction data, and the TOMS-derived surface UV irradiance daily maps. The results include global maps of monthly average UVB irradiance and DNA-weighted daily exposures at 3 and 10 m and depths where the UVB irradiance and DNA-weighted dose rate at local noon are equal to 10% of their surface values. Copyright 2001 by the American Geophysical Union. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Vasilkov, Alexander (Aleksandr) AU - Krotkov, Nickolay (Nikolay) AU - Herman, Jay AU - McClain, Charles AU - Arrigo, Kevin AU - Robinson, Wayne Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - November 2001 SP - 27 EP - 27,219 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 106 IS - C11 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - TOMS KW - sea water KW - phytoplankton KW - ozone layer depletion KW - global KW - SeaWiFS KW - mapping KW - plankton KW - satellite methods KW - environmental analysis KW - ultraviolet radiation KW - quasi-single scattering approximation KW - biogenic processes KW - electromagnetic radiation KW - sensitivity analysis KW - marine environment KW - world ocean KW - remote sensing KW - productivity KW - 07:Oceanography UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50157925?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=Global+mapping+of+underwater+UV+irradiances+and+DNA-weighted+exposures+using+Total+Ozone+Mapping+Spectrometer+and+sea-viewing+wide+field-of-view+sensor+data+products&rft.au=Vasilkov%2C+Alexander+%28Aleksandr%29%3BKrotkov%2C+Nickolay+%28Nikolay%29%3BHerman%2C+Jay%3BMcClain%2C+Charles%3BArrigo%2C+Kevin%3BRobinson%2C+Wayne&rft.aulast=Warmflash&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2001-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=378&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Astrobiology&rft.issn=15311074&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 73 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table, 6 plates N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biogenic processes; electromagnetic radiation; environmental analysis; global; mapping; marine environment; ozone layer depletion; phytoplankton; plankton; productivity; quasi-single scattering approximation; remote sensing; satellite methods; sea water; SeaWiFS; sensitivity analysis; TOMS; ultraviolet radiation; world ocean DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000JC000373 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The global magnetic field of Mars and implications for crustal evolution AN - 50155008; 2002-057431 AB - The Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft obtained globally-distributed vector magnetic field measurements approximately 400 km above the surface of Mars. These have been compiled to produce the first complete global magnetic field maps of Mars. Crustal magnetization appears dichotomized, with intense magnetization mainly confined to the ancient, heavily cratered highlands in the south. The global distribution of sources is consistent with a reversing dynamo that halted early in Mars evolution. Intense crustal magnetization requires an increased oxidation state relative to mantle-derived rock, consistent with assimilation of an aqueous component at crustal depths. Copyright 2001 by the American Geophysical Union. JF - Geophysical Research Letters AU - Connerney, J E P AU - Acuna, M H AU - Wasilewski, P J AU - Kletetschka, G AU - Ness, N F AU - Reme, H AU - Lin, R P AU - Mitchell, D L Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - November 2001 SP - 4015 EP - 4018 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 28 IS - 21 SN - 0094-8276, 0094-8276 KW - oxidation KW - global KW - dynamos KW - mantle KW - magnetization KW - paleomagnetism KW - Mars KW - highlands KW - magnetic field KW - measurement KW - terrestrial planets KW - planets KW - craters KW - remanent magnetization KW - Mars Global Surveyor Program KW - crust KW - 04:Extraterrestrial geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50155008?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geophysical+Research+Letters&rft.atitle=The+global+magnetic+field+of+Mars+and+implications+for+crustal+evolution&rft.au=Connerney%2C+J+E+P%3BAcuna%2C+M+H%3BWasilewski%2C+P+J%3BKletetschka%2C+G%3BNess%2C+N+F%3BReme%2C+H%3BLin%2C+R+P%3BMitchell%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Connerney&rft.aufirst=J+E&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=21&rft.spage=4015&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geophysical+Research+Letters&rft.issn=00948276&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2001GL013619 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/gl/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 21 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. geol. sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GPRLAJ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - craters; crust; dynamos; global; highlands; magnetic field; magnetization; mantle; Mars; Mars Global Surveyor Program; measurement; oxidation; paleomagnetism; planets; remanent magnetization; terrestrial planets DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2001GL013619 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lunar mare soils; space weathering and the major effects of surface-correlated nanophase Fe AN - 50154770; 2003-066622 AB - Lunar soils form the "ground truth" for calibration and modeling of reflectance spectra for quantitative remote sensing. The Lunar Soil Characterization Consortium, a group of lunar sample and remote sensing scientists, has undertaken the extensive task of characterization of lunar soils, with respect to their mineralogical and chemical makeup. This endeavor is aimed at deciphering the effects of space weathering of soils from the Moon, and these results should apply to other airless bodies. Modal abundances and chemistries of minerals and glasses in the <45 mu m size fractions of nine selected mare soils have been determined, along with the bulk chemistry of each size fraction, and their Is/FeO values. These data can be addressed at http:/web.utk.edu/ approximately pgi/data.html. As grain size decreases, the bulk composition of each size fraction continuously changes and approaches the composition of the agglutinitic glasses. Past dogma had it that the majority of the nanophase Fe (super 0) resides in the agglutinitic glasses. However, as grain size of a soil decreases, the percentage of the total iron present as nanophase-sized Fe (super 0) increases dramatically, while the agglutinitic glass content rises only slightly. This is evidence for a large contribution to the Is/FeO values from surface-correlated nanophase Fe (super 0) , particularly in the <10 mu m size fraction. This surficial nanophase Fe (super 0) is present largely as vapor-deposited patinas on tiie surfaces of almost every particle of the mature soils. It is proposed that these vapor-deposited, nanophase Fe (super 0) -bearing patinas may have far greater effects upon reflectance spectra of mare soils than the agglutinitic Fe (super 0) . Copyright 2001 by the American Geophysical Union. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Taylor, Lawrence A AU - Pieters, Carle M AU - Keller, Lindsay P AU - Morris, Richard V AU - McKay, David S A2 - Neal, Clive R. Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - November 2001 SP - 27 EP - 27,999 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 106 IS - E11 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - ilmenite KW - volcanic rocks KW - iron oxides KW - glasses KW - Moon KW - igneous rocks KW - grain size KW - fines KW - maria KW - lunar samples KW - volcanic glass KW - titanium oxides KW - mineral composition KW - oxides KW - Lunar Soil Characterization Consortium KW - chemical composition KW - reflectance KW - geochemistry KW - lunar soils KW - agglutinates KW - 04:Extraterrestrial geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50154770?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=Lunar+mare+soils%3B+space+weathering+and+the+major+effects+of+surface-correlated+nanophase+Fe&rft.au=Taylor%2C+Lawrence+A%3BPieters%2C+Carle+M%3BKeller%2C+Lindsay+P%3BMorris%2C+Richard+V%3BMcKay%2C+David+S&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Lawrence&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=E11&rft.spage=27&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2000JE001402 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 31st Lunar and Planetary Science Conference N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2003-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 47 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 4 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agglutinates; chemical composition; fines; geochemistry; glasses; grain size; igneous rocks; ilmenite; iron oxides; lunar samples; Lunar Soil Characterization Consortium; lunar soils; maria; mineral composition; Moon; oxides; reflectance; titanium oxides; volcanic glass; volcanic rocks DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000JE001402 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Initial mapping and interpretation of lunar crustal magnetic anomalies using Lunar Prospector magnetometer data AN - 50154634; 2003-066613 AB - Maps of relatively strong crustal magnetic field anomalies detected at low altitudes with the magnetometer instrument on Lunar Prospector are presented. On the lunar nearside, relatively strong anomalies are mapped over the Reiner Gamma Formation on western Oceanus Procellarum and over the Rima Sirsalis rille on the southwestern border of Oceanus Procellarum. The main Rima Sirsalis anomaly does not correlate well with the rille itself but is centered over an Imbrian-aged smooth plains unit interpreted as primary or secondary basin ejecta. The stronger Reiner Gamma anomalies correlate with the locations of both the main Reiner Gamma albedo marking and its northeastward extension. Both the Rima Sirsalis and the Reiner Gamma anomalies are extended in directions approximately radial to the center of the Imbrium basin. This alignment suggests that Imbrium basin ejecta materials (lying in many cases beneath the visible mare surface) are the sources of the nearside anomalies. If so, then the albedo markings associated with the stronger Reiner Gamma anomalies may be consistent with a model involving magnetic shielding of freshly exposed mare materials from the solar wind ion bombardment. Two regions of extensive magnetic anomalies are mapped in regions centered on the Ingenii basin on the south central farside and near the crater Gerasimovic on the southeastern farside. These regions are approximately antipodal to the Imbrium and Crisium basins, respectively. The Imbrium antipode anomaly group is the most areally extensive on the Moon, while the largest anomaly in the Crisium antipode group is the strongest detected by the Lunar Prospector magnetometer. A consideration of the expected antipodal effects of basin-forming impacts as well as a combination of sample data and orbital measurements on the nearside leads to the conclusion that the most probable sources of magnetic anomalies in these two regions are ejecta materials from the respective impacts. In both regions the strongest individual anomalies correlate with swirl-like albedo markings of the Reiner Gamma class visible on available orbital photography. Copyright 2001 by the American Geophysical Union. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Hood, L L AU - Zakharian, A AU - Halekas, J AU - Mitchell, D L AU - Lin, R P AU - Acuna, M H AU - Binder, A B A2 - Neal, Clive R. Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - November 2001 SP - 27 EP - 27,839 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 106 IS - E11 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - albedo KW - data acquisition KW - Lunar Prospector Program KW - data processing KW - magnetization KW - mapping KW - Reiner Gamma Formation KW - Mare Ingenii KW - magnetic field KW - magnetic properties KW - spatial variations KW - Rima Sirsalis KW - interpretation KW - Moon KW - geophysical methods KW - Oceanus Procellarum KW - magnetic anomalies KW - paleomagnetism KW - Mare Crisium KW - satellite methods KW - ejecta KW - models KW - Mare Imbrium KW - lunar crust KW - remote sensing KW - 04:Extraterrestrial geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50154634?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=Initial+mapping+and+interpretation+of+lunar+crustal+magnetic+anomalies+using+Lunar+Prospector+magnetometer+data&rft.au=Hood%2C+L+L%3BZakharian%2C+A%3BHalekas%2C+J%3BMitchell%2C+D+L%3BLin%2C+R+P%3BAcuna%2C+M+H%3BBinder%2C+A+B&rft.aulast=Hood&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=E11&rft.spage=27&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2000JE001366 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 31st Lunar and Planetary Science Conference N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2003-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 41 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. geol. sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - albedo; data acquisition; data processing; ejecta; geophysical methods; interpretation; lunar crust; Lunar Prospector Program; magnetic anomalies; magnetic field; magnetic properties; magnetization; mapping; Mare Crisium; Mare Imbrium; Mare Ingenii; models; Moon; Oceanus Procellarum; paleomagnetism; Reiner Gamma Formation; remote sensing; Rima Sirsalis; satellite methods; spatial variations DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000JE001366 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mapping of crustal magnetic anomalies on the lunar near side by the Lunar Prospector electron reflectometer AN - 50153552; 2003-066614 AB - Lunar Prospector (LP) electron reflectometer measurements show that surface fields are generally weak in the large mare basalt filled impact basins on the near side but are stronger over highland terranes, especially those lying antipodal to young large impact basins. Between the Imbrium and Nectaris basins, many anomalies correlate with the Cayley and Descartes Formations. Statistical analyses show that the most strongly magnetic nearside terranes are Cayley-type light plains, terra materials, and pre-Imbrian craters. Light plains and terrae include basin impact ejecta as a major component, suggesting that magnetization effects from basin-forming impacts were involved in their formation. The magnetization of pre-Imbrian craters, however, may be evidence of early thermal remanence. Relatively strong, small-scale magnetic anomalies are present over the Reiner Gamma feature on western Oceanus Procellarum and over the Rima Sirsalis rille on the southwestern border of Procellarum. Both Apollo subsatellite and LP data show that the latter anomaly is nearly aligned with the rille, though LP magnetometer and reflectometer data show that the anomaly peak is actually centered over a light plains unit. This anomaly and the Reiner Gamma anomaly are approximately radially aligned with the center of Imbrium, suggesting an association with ejecta from this basin. Copyright 2001 by the American Geophysical Union. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Halekas, J S AU - Mitchell, D L AU - Lin, R P AU - Frey, S AU - Hood, L L AU - Acuna, M H AU - Binder, A B A2 - Neal, Clive R. Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - November 2001 SP - 27 EP - 27,852 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 106 IS - E11 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - impact features KW - data acquisition KW - Lunar Prospector Program KW - data processing KW - magnetization KW - mapping KW - electron reflectometry data KW - Reiner Gamma Formation KW - magnetic field KW - lunar craters KW - statistical distribution KW - magnetic properties KW - spatial variations KW - Rima Sirsalis KW - Fra Mauro KW - interpretation KW - Moon KW - statistical analysis KW - geophysical methods KW - Oceanus Procellarum KW - magnetic anomalies KW - paleomagnetism KW - correlation KW - Cayley Formation KW - terranes KW - impacts KW - satellite methods KW - maria KW - ejecta KW - Descartes Formation KW - lunar crust KW - reflectance KW - remote sensing KW - 04:Extraterrestrial geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50153552?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=Mapping+of+crustal+magnetic+anomalies+on+the+lunar+near+side+by+the+Lunar+Prospector+electron+reflectometer&rft.au=Halekas%2C+J+S%3BMitchell%2C+D+L%3BLin%2C+R+P%3BFrey%2C+S%3BHood%2C+L+L%3BAcuna%2C+M+H%3BBinder%2C+A+B&rft.aulast=Halekas&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=E11&rft.spage=27&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2000JE001380 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 31st Lunar and Planetary Science Conference N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2003-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 41 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables, geol. sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cayley Formation; correlation; data acquisition; data processing; Descartes Formation; ejecta; electron reflectometry data; Fra Mauro; geophysical methods; impact features; impacts; interpretation; lunar craters; lunar crust; Lunar Prospector Program; magnetic anomalies; magnetic field; magnetic properties; magnetization; mapping; maria; Moon; Oceanus Procellarum; paleomagnetism; reflectance; Reiner Gamma Formation; remote sensing; Rima Sirsalis; satellite methods; spatial variations; statistical analysis; statistical distribution; terranes DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000JE001380 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Refinements to SSiB with an Emphasis on Snow Physics: Evaluation and Validation Using GSWP and Valdai Data AN - 20663990; 9409467 JF - Earth Interactions AU - Mocko, David M AU - Sud, Y C AD - Laboratory for Atmospheres, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - Nov 2001 SP - 1 EP - 31 PB - American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St. VL - 5 SN - 1087-3562, 1087-3562 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - Snowpack KW - Biosphere models KW - Snow melting KW - Aging KW - Architecture KW - Water table KW - Soil Water KW - Soil hydrology KW - Triticum aestivum KW - Snow cover densities KW - Surface runoff KW - Hydrology KW - Climatology KW - Deep layer KW - Diurnal precipitation variations KW - Temperature effects KW - Soil temperatures KW - Snow KW - Soil Temperature KW - Snow and ice KW - Temperature KW - Evapotranspiration KW - Snow cover KW - Diurnal temperature KW - Stream flow KW - Numerical simulations KW - Snowmelt KW - Moisture Content KW - Russia KW - Soil moisture KW - Runoff KW - SW 0835:Streamflow and runoff KW - Q2 09161:General KW - M2 556.16:Runoff (556.16) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20663990?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Earth+Interactions&rft.atitle=Refinements+to+SSiB+with+an+Emphasis+on+Snow+Physics%3A+Evaluation+and+Validation+Using+GSWP+and+Valdai+Data&rft.au=Mocko%2C+David+M%3BSud%2C+Y+C&rft.aulast=Mocko&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Earth+Interactions&rft.issn=10873562&rft_id=info:doi/10.1175%2F1087-3562%282001%290052.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; Snow; Aging; Hydrology; Water table; Deep layer; Climatology; Runoff; Stream flow; Biosphere models; Snow melting; Soil temperatures; Snow and ice; Architecture; Evapotranspiration; Snow cover; Diurnal temperature; Soil hydrology; Numerical simulations; Snow cover densities; Surface runoff; Soil moisture; Diurnal precipitation variations; Snowpack; Soil Temperature; Snowmelt; Temperature; Moisture Content; Soil Water; Triticum aestivum; Russia DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1087-3562(2001)005<0001:RTSWAE>2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Escalating Trends in the Urban Metabolism of Hong Kong: 1971-1997 AN - 19922933; 5334045 AB - Urban metabolism measures quantitatively a city's load on the natural environment. We update the Newcombe et al. pioneering study of Hong Kong's urban metabolism in 1971, highlighting trends in resource consumption and waste generation. Per capita food, water and materials consumption have surged since the early 1970s by 20%, 40%, and 149%, respectively. Tremendous pollution has accompanied this growing affluence and materialism, and total air emissions, CO sub(2) outputs, municipal solid wastes, and sewage discharges have risen by 30%, 250%, 245%, and 153%. As a result, systemic overload of land, atmospheric and water systems has occurred. While some strategies to tackle deteriorating environmental quality have succeeded, greater and more far-reaching changes in consumer behavior and government policy are needed if Hong Kong is to achieve its stated goal of becoming "a truly sustainable city" in the 21 super(st) century. JF - Ambio AU - Warren-Rhodes, K AU - Koenig, A AD - NASA-Ames Research Center, Bldg 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA, kwarren-rhodes@mail.arc.nasa.gov Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - Nov 2001 SP - 429 EP - 438 VL - 30 IS - 7 SN - 0044-7447, 0044-7447 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Human Population KW - Food KW - Carrying capacity KW - Wastes KW - Environmental impact KW - Sustainable development KW - Resource utilization KW - Water KW - Environmental protection KW - Human impact KW - Socio-economic aspects KW - Environmental quality KW - China, People's Rep., Hong Kong KW - Pollution KW - Urban environments KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - M1 110:Population-Environment Relations UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19922933?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ambio&rft.atitle=Escalating+Trends+in+the+Urban+Metabolism+of+Hong+Kong%3A+1971-1997&rft.au=Warren-Rhodes%2C+K%3BKoenig%2C+A&rft.aulast=Warren-Rhodes&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=429&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ambio&rft.issn=00447447&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0044-7447%282001%29030%280429%3AETITUM%292.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0044-7447&volume=30&page=429 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2002-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Food; Carrying capacity; Environmental impact; Wastes; Sustainable development; Resource utilization; Environmental protection; Water; Human impact; Socio-economic aspects; Environmental quality; Pollution; Urban environments; China, People's Rep., Hong Kong DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0044-7447(2001)030(0429:ETITUM)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Probabilities of Radiation-Induced Inter- and Intrachromosomal Exchanges and their Dependence on the DNA Content of the Chromosome AN - 19554651; 8693277 AB - Wu, H. Probabilities of Radiation-Induced Inter- and Intrachromosomal Exchanges and their Dependence on the DNA Content of the Chromosome. Radiat. Res. 156, 603-606 (2001). A biophysical model has been developed that is based on the assumptions that an interphase chromosome occupies a spherical territory and that chromosome exchanges are formed by the misrejoining of two DNA double-strand breaks induced within a defined interaction distance. The model is used to explain the relative frequencies of inter- and intrachromosomal exchanges and the relationship between radiation-induced aberrations in individual chromosomes and the DNA content of the chromosome. Although this simple model predicts a higher ratio of inter- to intrachromosomal exchanges for low-LET radiation than for high-LET radiation, as has been suggested by others, we argue that the comparison of the prediction of the model with experimental results is not straightforward. With the model, we also show that the probability of the formation of interchromosomal exchanges is proportional to the 'surface area' of the chromosome domain plus a correction term. The correction term is small if the interaction distance is less than 1 mu m for both low- and high-LET radiations. JF - Radiation Research AU - Wu, Honglu AD - Kelsey-Seybold Clinic and Radiation Biophysics Laboratory, NASA Johnson Space Center, Mail Code SD23, Houston, Texas 77058 Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - Nov 2001 SP - 603 EP - 606 PB - Allen Press, Inc., 810 East Tenth St. VL - 156 IS - 5 SN - 0033-7587, 0033-7587 KW - Genetics Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids KW - DNA damage KW - Chromosomes KW - Radiation KW - Surface area KW - DNA KW - Interphase KW - Territory KW - Models KW - X 24390:Radioactive Materials KW - G 07710:Chemical Mutagenesis & Radiation KW - N 14845:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19554651?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radiation+Research&rft.atitle=Probabilities+of+Radiation-Induced+Inter-+and+Intrachromosomal+Exchanges+and+their+Dependence+on+the+DNA+Content+of+the+Chromosome&rft.au=Wu%2C+Honglu&rft.aulast=Wu&rft.aufirst=Honglu&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=156&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=603&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Radiation+Research&rft.issn=00337587&rft_id=info:doi/10.1667%2F0033-7587%282001%291562.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - DNA damage; Chromosomes; Radiation; Surface area; DNA; Interphase; Territory; Models DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1667/0033-7587(2001)156[0603:PORIIA]2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The aerodynamics of a tennis ball AN - 18329619; 5378893 AB - The aerodynamics of a tennis ball are presented and discussed here with the aid of recent wind tunnel measurements. A flow visualization study was conducted on a 28-cm diameter tennis ball model to establish the boundary layer separation locations and Reynolds number effects for both nonspinning and spinning cases. The flow visualization results showed that the separation location on a nonspinning tennis ball occurred relatively early, near the apex, and appeared very similar to a laminar separation in the subcritical Reynolds number regime. Qualitatively, the flow regime (boundary layer separation location) appeared to be independent of Reynolds number in the range, 167 000 < Re < 284 000. Asymmetric boundary layer separation and a deflected wake flow, depicting the Magnus effect, were observed for the spinning ball. In the second phase of the experiments, the drag coefficient of a variety of new and used tennis balls, including prototypes of the recently approved oversized ball, was measured for the case simulating a perfectly flat serve (a serve with zero spin). The measurements were conducted in a Reynolds number range of about 80 000 < Re < 300 000, which corresponds to a velocity range of 19 < U < 70 ms super(-1) (43 < U < 157 mph). The present data, which indicate relatively high drag coefficients for new tennis balls (C sub(D) approximately equal to 0.6-0.7), are compared to existing data for spherical models with varying degrees of surface roughness. The observed (unexpected) behaviour of the tennis ball drag coefficient is explained in terms of a new flow model that includes the drag contribution of the `fuzz' elements. JF - Sports Engineering AU - Mehta, R D AU - Pallis, J M AD - Mail Stop 260-1, Fluid Laboratory, NASA Research Center, California 94035-1000, USA, rmehta@mail.arc.nasa. Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - Nov 2001 SP - 177 VL - 4 IS - 4 SN - 1369-7072, 1369-7072 KW - Physical Education Index KW - Tennis (equipment) KW - Mechanics KW - Sport science KW - PE 140:Business, Marketing & Sports Equipment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18329619?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sports+Engineering&rft.atitle=The+aerodynamics+of+a+tennis+ball&rft.au=Mehta%2C+R+D%3BPallis%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Mehta&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=177&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Sports+Engineering&rft.issn=13697072&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Physical Education Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Tennis (equipment); Mechanics; Sport science ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A prototype MODIS-SSM/I snow-mapping algorithm AN - 18282846; 5326166 AB - Data in the wavelength range 0.545-1.652 mu m from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), launched aboard the Earth Observing System (EOS) Terra in December 1999, are used to map daily global snow cover at 500 m resolution. However, during darkness, or when the satellite's view of the surface is obscured by cloud, snow cover cannot be mapped using MODIS data. We show that during these conditions, it is possible to supplement the MODIS product by mapping the snow cover using passive microwave data from the Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I), albeit with much poorer resolution. For a 7-day time period in March 1999, a prototype MODIS snow-cover product was compared with a prototype MODIS-SSM/I product for the same area in the mid-western USA. The combined MODIS-SSM/I product mapped 9% more snow cover than the MODIS-only product. JF - International Journal of Remote Sensing AU - Tait, AB AU - Barton, J S AU - Hall, D K AD - NASA/GSFC, Code 974, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA, atait@glacier.gsfc.nasa.gov Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - Nov 2001 SP - 3275 EP - 3284 VL - 22 IS - 17 SN - 0143-1161, 0143-1161 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Remote Sensing KW - Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) KW - Satellite Technology KW - Sensors KW - Satellite investigation of snow cover KW - USA, Midwest KW - Snow Cover KW - Microwaves KW - Radiometry KW - Microwave radiometric probing of snow cover KW - MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer) KW - Mapping KW - Spectrometers KW - M2 551.578.46:Snow cover (including depth, temperature and density) KW - M2 551.321.7:Methods of measuring properties of snow cover. Snow survey equipment KW - M2 551.501.86:Use of satellite-borne instruments (551.501.86) KW - SW 0820:Snow, ice and frost UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18282846?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Remote+Sensing&rft.atitle=A+prototype+MODIS-SSM%2FI+snow-mapping+algorithm&rft.au=Ricardo%2C+Alonso%3BBenner%2C+Steven+A%3BGoolish%2C+Edward+M&rft.aulast=Ricardo&rft.aufirst=Alonso&rft.date=2001-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=372&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Astrobiology&rft.issn=15311074&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I); Satellite investigation of snow cover; MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer); Microwave radiometric probing of snow cover; Remote Sensing; Satellite Technology; Microwaves; Sensors; Radiometry; Snow Cover; Mapping; Spectrometers; USA, Midwest DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431160010031261 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modelling canopy CO sub(2) fluxes: are 'big-leaf' simplifications justified? AN - 18264608; 5321758 AB - The 'big-leaf' approach to calculating the carbon balance of plant canopies is evaluated for inclusion in the ETEMA model framework. This approach assumes that canopy carbon fluxes have the same relative responses to the environment as any single leaf, and that the scaling from leaf to canopy is therefore linear. A series of model simulations was performed with two models of leaf photosynthesis, three distributions of canopy nitrogen, and two levels of canopy radiation detail. Leaf- and canopy-level responses to light and nitrogen, both as instantaneous rates and daily integrals, are presented. Observed leaf nitrogen contents of unshaded leaves are over 40% lower than the big-leaf approach requires. Scaling from these leaves to the canopy using the big-leaf approach may underestimate canopy photosynthesis by ~20%. A leaf photosynthesis model that treats within-leaf light extinction displays characteristics that contradict the big-leaf theory. Observed distributions of canopy nitrogen are closer to those required to optimize this model than the homogeneous model used in the big-leaf approach. It is theoretically consistent to use the big-leaf approach with the homogeneous photosynthesis model to estimate canopy carbon fluxes if canopy nitrogen and leaf area are known and if the distribution of nitrogen is assumed optimal. However, real nitrogen profiles are not optimal for this photosynthesis model, and caution is necessary in using the big-leaf approach to scale satellite estimates of leaf physiology to canopies. Accurate prediction of canopy carbon fluxes requires canopy nitrogen, leaf area, declining nitrogen with canopy depth, the heterogeneous model of leaf photosynthesis and the separation of sunlit and shaded leaves. The exact nitrogen profile is not critical, but realistic distributions can be predicted using a simple model of canopy nitrogen allocation. JF - Global Ecology and Biogeography AU - Friend, AD AD - Center for Environmental Prediction, Rutgers University, 14 College Farm Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-8551, U.S.A., afriend@giss.nasa.gov Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - Nov 2001 SP - 603 EP - 619 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 10 IS - 6 SN - 1466-822X, 1466-822X KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Photosynthesis KW - Leaves KW - Canopies KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Models KW - D 04625:Plants - general KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18264608?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+Ecology+and+Biogeography&rft.atitle=Modelling+canopy+CO+sub%282%29+fluxes%3A+are+%27big-leaf%27+simplifications+justified%3F&rft.au=Friend%2C+AD&rft.aulast=Friend&rft.aufirst=AD&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=603&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Global+Ecology+and+Biogeography&rft.issn=1466822X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1466-822X.2001.00268.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Models; Canopies; Leaves; Photosynthesis; Carbon dioxide DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1466-822X.2001.00268.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Contribution of Tropical Cyclones to the North Atlantic Climatological Rainfall as Observed from Satellites AN - 18210495; 5281696 AB - The tropical cyclone rainfall climatological study performed for the North Pacific was extended to the North Atlantic. Similar to the North Pacific tropical cyclone study, mean monthly rainfall within 444 km of the center of the North Atlantic tropical cyclones (i.e., that reached storm stage and greater) was estimated from passive microwave satellite observations during an 11-yr period. These satellite-observed rainfall estimates were used to assess the impact of tropical cyclone rainfall in altering the geographical, seasonal, and interannual distribution of the North Atlantic total rainfall during June-November when tropical cyclones were most abundant. The main results from this study indicate 1) that tropical cyclones contribute, respectively, 4%, 3%, and 4% to the western, eastern, and entire North Atlantic; 2) similar to that observed in the North Pacific, the maximum in North Atlantic tropical cyclone rainfall is approximately 5 degree -10 degree poleward (depending on longitude) of the maximum nontropical cyclone rainfall; 3) tropical cyclones contribute regionally a maximum of 30% of the total rainfall northeast of Puerto Rico, within a region near 15 degree N, 55 degree W, and off the west coast of Africa; 4) there is no lag between the months with maximum tropical cyclone rainfall and nontropical cyclone rainfall in the western North Atlantic, whereas in the eastern North Atlantic, maximum tropical cyclone rainfall precedes maximum nontropical cyclone rainfall; 5) like the North Pacific, North Atlantic tropical cyclones of hurricane intensity generate the greatest amount of rainfall in the higher latitudes; and 6) warm El Nino-Southern Oscillation events inhibit tropical cyclone rainfall. JF - Journal of Applied Meteorology AU - Rodgers, E B AU - Adler, R F AU - Pierce, H F AD - Mesoscale Atmosphere Processes Branch (Code 912), Laboratory for Atmospheres, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA, adler@agnes.gsfc.nasa.gov Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - Nov 2001 SP - 1785 EP - 1800 PB - American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St. Boston MA 02108-3693 USA VL - 40 IS - 11 SN - 0894-8763, 0894-8763 KW - Oceanic Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Cyclones KW - Marine KW - Hurricanes KW - Satellite sensing KW - Tropical meteorology KW - IN, North Pacific KW - Tropical cyclone rainfall KW - Rainfall KW - Satellite rainfall monitoring KW - AN, North Atlantic KW - Q2 09243:Structure, mechanics and thermodynamics KW - M2 551.515.2:Cyclones Hurricanes Typhoons (551.515.2) KW - M2 551.501.86:Use of satellite-borne instruments (551.501.86) KW - M2 551.577.37:Excessive falls in short or long periods (551.577.37) KW - O 2070:Meteorology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18210495?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Meteorology&rft.atitle=Contribution+of+Tropical+Cyclones+to+the+North+Atlantic+Climatological+Rainfall+as+Observed+from+Satellites&rft.au=Rodgers%2C+E+B%3BAdler%2C+R+F%3BPierce%2C+H+F&rft.aulast=Rodgers&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1785&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Applied+Meteorology&rft.issn=08948763&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cyclones; Tropical meteorology; Satellite sensing; Hurricanes; Rainfall; Tropical cyclone rainfall; Satellite rainfall monitoring; IN, North Pacific; AN, North Atlantic; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interpretation of Polarization Features in Ground-Based Microwave Observations as Caused by Horizontally Aligned Oblate Raindrops AN - 18205924; 5281703 AB - Based on a comparison of ground-based radiometer measurements with microwave radiative transfer calculations, it is shown that raindrops with an oblate shape and a preferred horizontal orientation have a significant effect on microwave polarization signals when compared with spherical particle shape. Measurements with a dual-polarized 19-GHz radiometer reveal a polarization difference of as much as -18 K in the downwelling microwave radiation at 30 degree elevation angle. Averaging all rain observations within 19 months leads to a signal of -6 K. Model calculations covering roughly the same range of weather conditions as that inferred from the meteorological data recorded with the radiometer measurements were carried out with spherical raindrop shape and an oblate particle shape with a fixed horizontal alignment. From the model results, positive polarization difference is expected for spherical particles. This signal was never observed in the recorded data. For oblate drops, the averaged model results lead to a polarization difference of -8 K, which is in reasonable agreement with the long-term averaged observations. Case studies that compare isolated rain events usually lead to a better match of model and observations. However, there are some major discrepancies in some cases. Possible reasons for the remaining differences are the short-term variations in the cloud microphysics for which the model does not correctly account, such as variations in the melting layer, drop oscillations, or variations in the drop size distribution or angular distribution of the drop alignment. Three-dimensional effects are also important when observing small-scale heavy precipitation. Despite remaining small uncertainties, the comparison presents strong evidence that the oblate raindrop shape, with fixed horizontal alignment, is by far the better choice for accurate radiative transfer calculations than is the spherical shape. The omission of this shape effect can cause significant errors when developing remote sensing algorithms based on model results. JF - Journal of Applied Meteorology AU - Czekala, H AU - Crewell, S AU - Simmer, C AU - Thiele, A AU - Hornbostel, A AU - Schroth, A AD - NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025, USA, hczekala@giss.nasa.gov Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - Nov 2001 SP - 1918 PB - American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St. Boston MA 02108-3693 USA VL - 40 IS - 11 SN - 0894-8763, 0894-8763 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Meteorological Data Collection KW - Microwaves KW - Radiometry KW - Rain KW - Polarization KW - Raindrop shapes KW - Model Studies KW - M2 551.501.795:Microwave techniques (551.501.795) KW - M2 551.578.11:Structure, composition and temperature (551.578.11) KW - SW 0815:Precipitation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18205924?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Astrobiology&rft.atitle=Volcano-ice+interactions+and+the+exploration+for+extant+Martian+life&rft.au=Payne%2C+Meredith+C%3BFarmer%2C+Jack+D%3BGoolish%2C+Edward+M&rft.aulast=Payne&rft.aufirst=Meredith&rft.date=2001-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=371&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Astrobiology&rft.issn=15311074&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Polarization; Raindrop shapes; Meteorological Data Collection; Microwaves; Radiometry; Rain; Model Studies ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Signature Lipids and Stable Carbon Isotope Analyses of Octopus Spring Hyperthermophilic Communities Compared with Those of Aquificales Representatives AN - 18202334; 5217975 AB - The molecular and isotopic compositions of lipid biomarkers of cultured Aquificales genera have been used to study the community and trophic structure of the hyperthermophilic pink streamers and vent biofilm from Octopus Spring. Thermocrinis ruber, Thermocrinis sp. strain HI 11/12, Hydrogenobacter thermophilus TK-6, Aquifex pyrophilus, and Aquifex aeolicus all contained glycerol-ether phospholipids as well as acyl glycerides. The n-C sub(20:1) and cy-C sub(21) fatty acids dominated all of the Aquificales, while the alkyl glycerol ethers were mainly C sub(18:0). These Aquificales biomarkers were major constituents of the lipid extracts of two Octopus Spring samples, a biofilm associated with the siliceous vent walls, and the well-known pink streamer community (PSC). Both the biofilm and the PSC contained mono- and dialkyl glycerol ethers in which C sub(18) and C sub(20) alkyl groups were prevalent. Phospholipid fatty acids included both the Aquificales n-C sub(20:1) and cy-C sub(21), plus a series of iso-branched fatty acids (i-C sub(15:0) to i-C sub(21:0)), indicating an additional bacterial component. Biomass and lipids from the PSC were depleted in super(13)C relative to source water CO sub(2) by 10.9 and 17.2ppt, respectively. The C sub(20-21) fatty acids of the PSC were less depleted than the iso-branched fatty acids, 18.4 and 22.6ppt, respectively. The biomass of T. ruber grown on CO sub(2) was depleted in super(13)C by only 3.3ppt relative to C source. In contrast, biomass was depleted by 19.7ppt when formate was the C source. Independent of carbon source, T. ruber lipids were heavier than biomass (+1.3ppt). The depletion in the C sub(20-21) fatty acids from the PSC indicates that Thermocrinis biomass must be similarly depleted and too light to be explained by growth on CO sub(2). Accordingly, Thermocrinis in the PSC is likely to have utilized formate, presumably generated in the spring source region. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Jahnke, L L AU - Eder, W AU - Huber, R AU - Hope, J M AU - Hinrichs, K AU - Hayes, J M AU - Des Marais, DJ AU - Cady, S L AU - Summons, R E AD - M/S 239-4, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035., ljahnke@mail.arc.nasa.gov Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - Nov 2001 SP - 5179 EP - 5189 VL - 67 IS - 11 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - acyl glycerides KW - community structure KW - glycerol-ether phospholipids KW - hyperthermophilic bacteria KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Isotopes KW - Lipids KW - Hydrogenobacter thermophilus KW - Carbon isotopes KW - Thermophilic bacteria KW - Hot springs KW - Carbon sources KW - Freshwater KW - Aquificales KW - Aquifex KW - Biofilms KW - Phospholipids KW - USA, Wyoming KW - Thermocrinis KW - USA, Yellowstone Natl. Park, Octopus Springs KW - Community composition KW - Community structure KW - Microorganisms KW - Fatty acids KW - Q1 08206:Physiology, biochemistry, biophysics KW - J 02731:Lipids KW - J 02905:Water KW - D 04620:Microorganisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18202334?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Signature+Lipids+and+Stable+Carbon+Isotope+Analyses+of+Octopus+Spring+Hyperthermophilic+Communities+Compared+with+Those+of+Aquificales+Representatives&rft.au=Jahnke%2C+L+L%3BEder%2C+W%3BHuber%2C+R%3BHope%2C+J+M%3BHinrichs%2C+K%3BHayes%2C+J+M%3BDes+Marais%2C+DJ%3BCady%2C+S+L%3BSummons%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Jahnke&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=5179&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAEM.67.11.5179-5189.2001 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Isotopes; Community composition; Lipids; Carbon isotopes; Fatty acids; Microorganisms; Hot springs; Biofilms; Community structure; Thermophilic bacteria; Carbon sources; Phospholipids; Thermocrinis; Hydrogenobacter thermophilus; Aquifex; Aquificales; USA, Wyoming; USA, Yellowstone Natl. Park, Octopus Springs; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.67.11.5179-5189.2001 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multispectral in situ measurements of organic matter and chlorophyll fluorescence in seawater: Documenting the intrusion of the Mississippi River plume in the West Florida Shelf AN - 1819138985; PQ0003618981 AB - We performed multispectral, in situ fluorescence measurements of detrital colored organic matter (COM) and chlorophyll a (Chl a) in surface waters of the West Florida Shelf using the Wet Labs spectral absorption and fluorescence instrument (SAFIre). Continuous underway measurements allowed simultaneous mapping of the dispersal pattern of riverine organic material and Chl a on the shelf. We used two fluorescence emission ratios to differentiate between riverine and marine COM. The data showed unusually high concentrations of COM offshore. These were attributed to an offshore extension of the Mississippi River plume. Comparisons between in situ Chl a concentrations measured with the SAFIre and Chl a values obtained from the sea-viewing wide field-of-view sensor (SeaWiFS) satellite data using OC4 and MODIS algorithms showed that, although both algorithms overestimated Chl a, MODIS performed better than OC4, particularly in areas with high COM concentrations. Analysis of the relationship between Chl a and COM concentrations within the study area showed regional variability probably caused by differences in river source. JF - Limnology and Oceanography AU - Del Castillo, Carlos E AU - Coble, Paula G AU - Conmy, Robyn N AU - Mueller-Karger, Frank E AU - Vanderbloemen, Lisa AU - Vargo, Gabriel A AD - National Aeronautics and Space Administration Code MA00 Building 1100 202-B John C. Stennis Space Center, Mississippi, 39529. Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - November 2001 SP - 1836 EP - 1843 PB - Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography VL - 46 IS - 7 SN - 0024-3590, 0024-3590 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Chlorophylls KW - Chlorophyll KW - Surface water KW - Algorithms KW - Limnology KW - Freshwater KW - Spatial variations KW - Organic Matter KW - River plumes KW - Marine environment KW - Continental shelves KW - Absorption KW - Mapping KW - Plumes KW - Laboratory Equipment KW - Rivers KW - Marine KW - ASW, USA, Florida KW - Data processing KW - Fluorescence KW - Organic matter KW - Satellites KW - Sea water KW - ASW, Mexico Gulf, Mississippi Plume KW - Dispersal KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - Q1 08461:Plankton KW - SW 0810:General KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1819138985?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Limnology+and+Oceanography&rft.atitle=Multispectral+in+situ+measurements+of+organic+matter+and+chlorophyll+fluorescence+in+seawater%3A+Documenting+the+intrusion+of+the+Mississippi+River+plume+in+the+West+Florida+Shelf&rft.au=Del+Castillo%2C+Carlos+E%3BCoble%2C+Paula+G%3BConmy%2C+Robyn+N%3BMueller-Karger%2C+Frank+E%3BVanderbloemen%2C+Lisa%3BVargo%2C+Gabriel+A&rft.aulast=Del+Castillo&rft.aufirst=Carlos&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1836&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Limnology+and+Oceanography&rft.issn=00243590&rft_id=info:doi/10.4319%2Flo.2001.46.7.1836 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rivers; Spatial variations; Chlorophylls; Sea water; Fluorescence; River plumes; Continental shelves; Organic matter; Mapping; Chlorophyll; Data processing; Marine environment; Surface water; Algorithms; Dispersal; Satellites; Plumes; Organic Matter; Absorption; Limnology; Laboratory Equipment; ASW, USA, Florida; ASW, Mexico Gulf, Mississippi Plume; Marine; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lo.2001.46.7.1836 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Issues in deep space radiation protection AN - 18093228; 5183956 AB - The exposures in deep space are largely from the Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCR) for which there is as yet little biological experience. Mounting evidence indicates that conventional linear energy transfer (LET) defined protection quantities (quality factors) may not be appropriate for GCR ions. The available biological data indicates that aluminum alloy structures may generate inherently unhealthy internal spacecraft environments in the thickness range for space applications. Methods for optimization of spacecraft shielding and the associated role of materials selection are discussed. One material which may prove to be an important radiation protection material is hydrogenated carbon nanofibers. JF - Acta Astronautica AU - Wilson, J W AU - Shinn, J L AU - Tripathi, R K AU - Singleterry, R C AU - Clowdsley AU - Thibeault, SA AU - Cheatwood, F M AU - Schimmerling, W AU - Cucinotta, F A AU - Badhwar, G D AU - Noor, A K AU - Kim, MY AU - Badavi, F F AU - Heinbockel, J H AD - NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - Nov 2001 SP - 289 EP - 312 VL - 49 IS - 3-10 SN - 0094-5765, 0094-5765 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Spacecraft KW - Protective equipment KW - Materials technology KW - Cosmic radiation KW - H 8000:Radiation Safety/Electrical Safety KW - P 8000:RADIATION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18093228?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Acta+Astronautica&rft.atitle=Issues+in+deep+space+radiation+protection&rft.au=Wilson%2C+J+W%3BShinn%2C+J+L%3BTripathi%2C+R+K%3BSingleterry%2C+R+C%3BClowdsley%3BThibeault%2C+SA%3BCheatwood%2C+F+M%3BSchimmerling%2C+W%3BCucinotta%2C+F+A%3BBadhwar%2C+G+D%3BNoor%2C+A+K%3BKim%2C+MY%3BBadavi%2C+F+F%3BHeinbockel%2C+J+H&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=3-10&rft.spage=289&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Acta+Astronautica&rft.issn=00945765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Spacecraft; Cosmic radiation; Protective equipment; Materials technology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rejoining of Isochromatid Breaks Induced by Heavy Ions in G2-Phase Normal Human Fibroblasts AN - 17865285; 5973847 AB - We reported previously that exposure of normal human fibroblasts in G2 phase of the cell cycle to high-LET radiation produces a much higher frequency of isochromatid breaks than exposure to gamma rays. We concluded that an increase in the production of isochromatid breaks is a signature of initial high-LET radiation-induced G2-phase damage. In this paper, we report the repair kinetics of isochromatid breaks induced by high-LET radiation in normal G2-phase human fibroblasts. Exponentially growing human fibroblasts (AG1522) were irradiated with gamma rays or energetic carbon (290 MeV /nucleon), silicon (490 MeV/nucleon), or iron (200 MeV/nucleon) ions. Prematurely condensed chromosomes were induced by calyculin A after different postirradiation incubation times ranging from 0 to 600 min. Chromosomes were stained with Giemsa, and aberrations were scored in cells at G2 phase. G2-phase fragments, the result of the induction of isochromatid breaks, decreased quickly with incubation time. The curve for the kinetics of the rejoining of chromatid-type breaks showed a slight upward curvature with time after exposure to 440 keV/ mu m iron particles, probably due to isochromatid-isochromatid break rejoining. The formation of chromatid exchanges after exposure to high-LET radiation therefore appears to be underestimated, because isochromatid-isochromatid exchanges cannot be detected. Increased induction of isochromatid breaks and rejoining of isochromatid breaks affect the overall kinetics of chromatid-type break rejoining after exposure to high-LET radiation. JF - Radiation Research AU - Kawata, T AU - Durante, M AU - Furusawa, Y AU - George, K AU - Ito, H AU - Wu, H AU - Cucinotta, F A AD - NASA Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Radiation Biophysics Laboratory, Houston, Texas Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - Nov 2001 SP - 598 EP - 602 PB - Radiation Research Society VL - 156 IS - 5 SN - 0033-7587, 0033-7587 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Ions KW - Silicon KW - alpha Radiation KW - Chromatids KW - Cell cycle KW - Fibroblasts KW - Chromosomes KW - Carbon KW - Kinetics KW - Calyculin A KW - Iron KW - G2 phase KW - X 24210:Radiation & radioactive materials UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17865285?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radiation+Research&rft.atitle=Rejoining+of+Isochromatid+Breaks+Induced+by+Heavy+Ions+in+G2-Phase+Normal+Human+Fibroblasts&rft.au=Kawata%2C+T%3BDurante%2C+M%3BFurusawa%2C+Y%3BGeorge%2C+K%3BIto%2C+H%3BWu%2C+H%3BCucinotta%2C+F+A&rft.aulast=Kawata&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=156&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=598&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Radiation+Research&rft.issn=00337587&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0033-7587%282001%291562.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0033-7587&volume=156&page=598 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ions; alpha Radiation; Silicon; Chromosomes; Carbon; Chromatids; Kinetics; Cell cycle; Calyculin A; Iron; G2 phase; Fibroblasts DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0033-7587(2001)156<0598:ROIBIB>2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Early reflection thresholds for virtual acoustic sound field simulation AN - 39445683; 3638435 AU - Begault Y1 - 2001/10/29/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Oct 29 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39445683?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Early+reflection+thresholds+for+virtual+acoustic+sound+field+simulation&rft.au=Begault&rft.aulast=Begault&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2001-10-29&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Acoustical Society of The Netherlands, P.O. Box 1067, NL-2600 BB Delft, The Netherlands; phone: 31-15-2692428; fax: 31-15-2625403; URL: www.internoise2001.tudelft.nl. Paper No. 4B.14.01 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Monitoring kennedy space center underwater endangered species using acoustic communications AN - 39438857; 3631412 AU - Toro, FAS AU - Gilmore, G Y1 - 2001/10/29/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Oct 29 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39438857?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Monitoring+kennedy+space+center+underwater+endangered+species+using+acoustic+communications&rft.au=Toro%2C+FAS%3BGilmore%2C+G&rft.aulast=Toro&rft.aufirst=FAS&rft.date=2001-10-29&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Oceans 2001, Ms. Priscilla Billing Director, Communications, Univ. of Hawaii at Manoa, Sea Grant College Program, Hawaii; URL: www.oceans2001.com N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Precise, very long range marine positioning with GPS: AN - 39338796; 3631336 AU - Colombo, O L AU - Evans, A G Y1 - 2001/10/29/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Oct 29 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39338796?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Precise%2C+very+long+range+marine+positioning+with+GPS%3A&rft.au=Colombo%2C+O+L%3BEvans%2C+A+G&rft.aulast=Colombo&rft.aufirst=O&rft.date=2001-10-29&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Oceans 2001, Ms. Priscilla Billing Director, Communications, Univ. of Hawaii at Manoa, Sea Grant College Program, Hawaii; URL: www.oceans2001.com N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Carbon Nanotubes in Water: Structural Characteristics and Energetics AN - 18268404; 5325814 AB - We study the structural properties of water surrounding a carbon nanotube using molecular dynamics simulations. The interaction potentials involve a description of the carbon nanotube using Morse, harmonic bending, torsion, and Lennard-Jones potentials. The water is described by the flexible Simple Point Charge (SPC) model by Teleman et al., and the carbon-water interactions include a carbon-oxygen Lennard-Jones potential, and an electrostatic quadrupole moment acting between the carbon atoms and the charge sites of the water. Vibration of the breathing mode of the carbon nanotube in water is inferred from the oscillations in carbon-carbon van der Waals energy, and the inverse proportionality between the radius of the carbon nanotube and the breathing frequency is in good agreement with experimental values. The results indicate, that under the present conditions, the presence of the water has a negligible influence on the breathing frequency. The water at the carbon-water interface is found to have a HOH plane nearly tangential to the interface, and the water radial density profile exhibits the characteristic layering also found in the graphite-water system. The average number of hydrogen bonds decreases from a value of 3.73 in the bulk phase to a value of 2.89 at the carbon-water interface. The inclusion of the carbon quadrupole moment is found to have a negligible influence on the structural properties of the water. Energy changes that occur by the process of introducing a carbon nanotube in water are calculated. The creation of a cavity in the bulk water to accommodate the nanotube constitutes the largest energy contribution. Results include an analysis of surface structure and energy values for planar and for concave cylindrical surfaces of water. JF - Journal of Physical Chemistry B AU - Walther, J H AU - Jaffe, R AU - Halicioglu, T AU - Koumoutsakos, P AD - Center for Turbulence Research, NASA Ames/Stanford University, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA Y1 - 2001/10/18/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Oct 18 SP - 9980 EP - 9987 VL - 105 IS - 41 SN - 1089-5647, 1089-5647 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Carbon KW - Water Analysis KW - Water Properties KW - Energy KW - Density KW - SW 0560:Aqueous solutions and suspensions UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18268404?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Astrobiology&rft.atitle=Consequences+and+artifacts%3B+terrestrial+findings+and+Martian+analogues+of+an+air-water+interface&rft.au=Lerman%2C+Louis%3BGoolish%2C+Edward+M&rft.aulast=Lerman&rft.aufirst=Louis&rft.date=2001-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=365&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Astrobiology&rft.issn=15311074&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Carbon; Water Analysis; Density; Energy; Water Properties ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ecosystem modeling and dynamic effects of deforestation on trace gas fluxes in Amazon tropical forests AN - 18187098; 5182724 AB - To improve predictive capabilities for water, carbon, and nitrogen gas fluxes in the Amazon region, we evaluated the performance of the NASA-CASA simulation model for tropical ecosystem biogeochemistry against independent flux measurements from two Amazon forest sites located in the Brazilian states of Rond o nia and Par a . Refinements of this ecosystem model include stand water balance equations, moisture holding and retention capacity for Amazon soils, and addition of a dynamic deforestation sequence to include land use change as a factor in simulations of tropical ecosystem fluxes. Results suggest that model predictions for evapotranspiration and soil water content are consistent with the overall range and seasonal changes in measured values at the two forest sites selected as test cases. The predicted carbon balance from the model implies that relatively undisturbed Amazon forest ecosystems may be large net sinks for atmospheric carbon, with annual net ecosystem production values on the order of 200 g C m super(-2) per year. Measured fluxes of soil N sub(2)O for the two Amazon forests closely match our model prediction for the Par a forest, but not for the Rond o nia site, suggesting that process algorithms controlling nitrogen trace gas fluxes, particularly in relatively sandy tropical soils will require further study. In terms of net ecosystem carbon fluxes during deforestation and for 2 years afterward, the model predicts that these sites switch from being a net sink for carbon to a substantial source following the large loss of biomass from simulated burning. During crop regrowth simulation in the first year after deforestation, the net source of carbon to the atmosphere is nearly 1.6 kg C m super(-2) per year, a flux magnitude roughly equivalent to 10 years of undisturbed CO sub(2) sink fluxes in the Amazon forest. Compared to the primary forest that was cut and burned, predicted changes in soil nitrogen cycling lead to a doubling in annual emissions of N sub(2)O gas during the first year following deforestation, with lower emissions thereafter. Implications for scaling up these model predictions to the Amazon forest region are discussed with reference to necessary improvements in land cover, land use, and soils classifications for the area. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Potter, C AU - Davidson, E AU - Nepstad, D AU - Carvalho, CRD AD - NASA Ames Research Center, Ecosystem Science and Technology Branch, 94035 Moffett Field, CA USA Y1 - 2001/10/15/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Oct 15 SP - 97 EP - 117 PB - Elsevier Science VL - 152 IS - 1-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Amazonia KW - rain forests KW - Pollution Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Forest management KW - Biogeochemistry KW - Brazil, Amazonia KW - Nitrogen oxides KW - Ecosystem models KW - Rain forests KW - Ecosystem dynamics KW - Tropical environments KW - Emissions KW - Deforestation KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18187098?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Ecosystem+modeling+and+dynamic+effects+of+deforestation+on+trace+gas+fluxes+in+Amazon+tropical+forests&rft.au=Potter%2C+C%3BDavidson%2C+E%3BNepstad%2C+D%3BCarvalho%2C+CRD&rft.aulast=Potter&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2001-10-15&rft.volume=152&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=97&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Brazil, Amazonia; Deforestation; Tropical environments; Biogeochemistry; Nitrogen oxides; Emissions; Ecosystem models; Ecosystem dynamics; Rain forests; Forest management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - [Feasibility of the use of degraded inedible biomass of plants as a nutrient liquid for hydroponic cultivation]. AN - 72428090; 11842852 AB - Objective. To demonstrate that the recycled liquid, which originated from lettuce inedible biomass degraded by fixed microorganism (correction of microorgannism) and enzyme, can be used as a nutrient solution for lettuce hydroponic cultivation. Method. After biologically degrading the weighted, oven-dried and milled leaves and roots of lettuce in a biological reactor under aerobic condition, the original effluent and its supplemented effluent were used as nutrients for lettuce hydroponic cultivation. Result. The average dried weight (ADW) of lettuce from the original effluent group was approximately half of that from the control group, and the ADW from supplemented effluent group was about equal to that from the control group; some qualities of the lettuce such as a relatively lower content of NO3- from both the original effluent group and the supplemented effluent one improved, and some of those such as a relatively higher content of NO2- dropped. Conclusion. The biologically-degraded effluent was able to be used as nutrient solution for lettuce hydroponic cultivation, although the effects of the inorganic ion-supplemented effluent were much better; the plants of lettuce from the biologically-degraded effluent were safely edible. JF - Hang tian yi xue yu yi xue gong cheng = Space medicine & medical engineering AU - Guo, S S AU - Ai, W D AU - Hou, W H AU - Shi, W W AD - Institute of Space-Medico Engineering, Beijing, China. Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - October 2001 SP - 360 EP - 363 VL - 14 IS - 5 SN - 1002-0837, 1002-0837 KW - Culture Media KW - 0 KW - Fertilizers KW - Nitrates KW - Waste Products KW - Space life sciences KW - Life Support Systems KW - Bioreactors KW - Biodegradation, Environmental KW - Nitrates -- analysis KW - Ecological Systems, Closed KW - Hydroponics -- methods KW - Lettuce -- growth & development KW - Waste Management -- methods KW - Biomass KW - Lettuce -- chemistry KW - Lettuce -- metabolism KW - Culture Media -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72428090?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hang+tian+yi+xue+yu+yi+xue+gong+cheng+%3D+Space+medicine+%26+medical+engineering&rft.atitle=%5BFeasibility+of+the+use+of+degraded+inedible+biomass+of+plants+as+a+nutrient+liquid+for+hydroponic+cultivation%5D.&rft.au=Guo%2C+S+S%3BAi%2C+W+D%3BHou%2C+W+H%3BShi%2C+W+W&rft.aulast=Guo&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=360&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hang+tian+yi+xue+yu+yi+xue+gong+cheng+%3D+Space+medicine+%26+medical+engineering&rft.issn=10020837&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - chi DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-03-28 N1 - Date created - 2002-02-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Gamma-irradiated onions as a biological indicator of radiation dose. AN - 72334502; 11762393 AB - Post-irradiation identification and dose estimation are required to assess the radiation-induced effects on living things in any nuclear emergency. In this study, radiation-induced morphological/cytological changes i.e., number of root formation and its length, shooting length, reduction in mitotic index, micronuclei formation and chromosomal aberrations in the root tip cells of gamma-irradiated onions at lower doses (50-2000 cGy) are reported. The capabilities of this biological species to store the radiation-induced information are also studied. c 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. JF - Radiation measurements AU - Vaijapurkar, S G AU - Agarwal, D AU - Chaudhuri, S K AU - Senwar, K R AU - Bhatnagar, P K AD - Defence Laboratory, Jodhpur, India. vaijapurkar@yahoo.com Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - October 2001 SP - 833 EP - 836 VL - 33 IS - 5 SN - 1350-4487, 1350-4487 KW - Space life sciences KW - Radiation Dosage KW - Plant Shoots -- radiation effects KW - Plant Roots -- radiation effects KW - Plant Roots -- growth & development KW - Plant Root Cap -- radiation effects KW - Chromosome Aberrations KW - Plant Shoots -- growth & development KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation KW - Cell Cycle -- radiation effects KW - Plant Root Cap -- growth & development KW - Onions -- radiation effects KW - Gamma Rays KW - Onions -- growth & development KW - Onions -- cytology KW - Mitosis -- radiation effects KW - Mitotic Index KW - Micronuclei, Chromosome-Defective -- radiation effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72334502?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radiation+measurements&rft.atitle=Gamma-irradiated+onions+as+a+biological+indicator+of+radiation+dose.&rft.au=Vaijapurkar%2C+S+G%3BAgarwal%2C+D%3BChaudhuri%2C+S+K%3BSenwar%2C+K+R%3BBhatnagar%2C+P+K&rft.aulast=Vaijapurkar&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=833&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Radiation+measurements&rft.issn=13504487&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-02-06 N1 - Date created - 2001-12-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Approach and issues relating to shield material design to protect astronauts from space radiation. AN - 71354976; 12194183 AB - One major obstacle to human space exploration is the possible limitations imposed by the adverse effects of long-term exposure to the space environment. Even before human spaceflight began, the potentially brief exposure of astronauts to the very intense random solar energetic particle (SEP) events was of great concern. A new challenge appears in deep space exploration from exposure to the low-intensity heavy-ion flux of the galactic cosmic rays (GCR) since the missions are of long duration and the accumulated exposures can be high. Since aluminum (traditionally used in spacecraft to avoid potential radiation risks) leads to prohibitively expensive mission launch costs, alternative materials need to be explored. An overview of the materials related issues and their impact on human space exploration will be given. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. JF - Materials & design AU - Wilson, J W AU - Cucinotta, F A AU - Miller, J AU - Shinn, J L AU - Thibeault, S A AU - Singleterry, R C AU - Simonsen, L C AU - Kim, M H AD - NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA. john.w.wilson@larc.nasa.gov Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - October 2001 SP - 541 EP - 554 VL - 22 IS - 7 SN - 0264-1275, 0264-1275 KW - Aluminum KW - CPD4NFA903 KW - Space life sciences KW - NASA Discipline Radiation Health KW - NASA Center LaRC KW - Non-NASA Center KW - Animals KW - Relative Biological Effectiveness KW - Astronauts KW - Humans KW - Spacecraft -- standards KW - Particle Accelerators KW - Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced KW - Models, Biological KW - Linear Energy Transfer KW - Cell Line KW - Cricetinae KW - Cosmic Radiation KW - Space Flight -- standards KW - Cell Nucleus -- radiation effects KW - Radiation Protection -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71354976?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Materials+%26+design&rft.atitle=Approach+and+issues+relating+to+shield+material+design+to+protect+astronauts+from+space+radiation.&rft.au=Wilson%2C+J+W%3BCucinotta%2C+F+A%3BMiller%2C+J%3BShinn%2C+J+L%3BThibeault%2C+S+A%3BSingleterry%2C+R+C%3BSimonsen%2C+L+C%3BKim%2C+M+H&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=541&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Materials+%26+design&rft.issn=02641275&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-10-30 N1 - Date created - 2002-08-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - [Depression of radiation-induced response by pre-irradiation with a low-dose rate]. AN - 71343048; 11997635 JF - Uchu Seibutsu Kagaku AU - Takahashi, A AU - Ohnishi, K AU - Yonezawa, M AU - Tachibana, A AU - Ohnishi, T AD - Dept. Biol., Nara Med. Univ. Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - October 2001 SP - 266 EP - 267 VL - 15 IS - 3 SN - 0914-9201, 0914-9201 KW - Proto-Oncogene Proteins KW - 0 KW - Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 KW - bcl-2-Associated X Protein KW - Space life sciences KW - Radiation Dosage KW - Animals KW - Spleen -- radiation effects KW - Spleen -- cytology KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Mice KW - Proto-Oncogene Proteins -- radiation effects KW - Apoptosis -- radiation effects KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71343048?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Uchu+Seibutsu+Kagaku&rft.atitle=%5BDepression+of+radiation-induced+response+by+pre-irradiation+with+a+low-dose+rate%5D.&rft.au=Takahashi%2C+A%3BOhnishi%2C+K%3BYonezawa%2C+M%3BTachibana%2C+A%3BOhnishi%2C+T&rft.aulast=Takahashi&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=266&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Uchu+Seibutsu+Kagaku&rft.issn=09149201&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - Japanese DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-07-15 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Embryonic development in the eggs of the silkworm, Bombyx mori, exposed to the space environment. AN - 71323634; 12101354 AB - To investigate the effects of cosmic radiation and microgravity on embryogenesis and organogenesis in Bombyx eggs, two different stages of eggs, the early stage after oviposition and the diapause-terminated eggs, were loaded on the US Space Shuttle/Atlantis (STS-84) for a 9 day flight. More than 85% of the early stage eggs hatched in the flight sample and the ground control. In the diapause-terminated eggs, the percentage of unhatched eggs were 43% in the ground control and 56% in the flight sample. In these eggs, uncompleted embryonic reversal was observed two-fold higher percentage in the flight sample than in the ground control. The incidence of abnormality such as the larvae with segmental fusion and the appearance of abnormal crescent marking in the flight sample was significantly higher than that in the ground control. This was also observed in the 1st and 2nd filial generation of the flight sample. From these results, unsuccessful blastokinesis and the abnormal appearance was discussed in relation to cosmic radiation and microgravity. JF - Uchu Seibutsu Kagaku AU - Furusawa, T AU - Kotani, E AU - Ichida, M AU - Sugimura, Y AU - Yamanaka, H AU - Takahashi, S AU - Fukui, M AU - Kogure, K AU - Sakaguchi, B AU - Fujii, H AU - Ikenaga, M AU - Watanabe, T AD - Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan. Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - October 2001 SP - S177 EP - S182 VL - 15 Suppl SN - 0914-9201, 0914-9201 KW - Space life sciences KW - manned KW - STS-84 Shuttle Project KW - Flight Experiment KW - short duration KW - Radiation Dosage KW - Animals KW - Larva -- radiation effects KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation KW - Embryo, Nonmammalian KW - Male KW - Larva -- growth & development KW - Female KW - Zygote -- radiation effects KW - Cosmic Radiation KW - Space Flight KW - Zygote -- growth & development KW - Bombyx -- radiation effects KW - Bombyx -- growth & development KW - Weightlessness KW - Bombyx -- embryology KW - Metamorphosis, Biological -- radiation effects KW - Metamorphosis, Biological -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71323634?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Uchu+Seibutsu+Kagaku&rft.atitle=Embryonic+development+in+the+eggs+of+the+silkworm%2C+Bombyx+mori%2C+exposed+to+the+space+environment.&rft.au=Furusawa%2C+T%3BKotani%2C+E%3BIchida%2C+M%3BSugimura%2C+Y%3BYamanaka%2C+H%3BTakahashi%2C+S%3BFukui%2C+M%3BKogure%2C+K%3BSakaguchi%2C+B%3BFujii%2C+H%3BIkenaga%2C+M%3BWatanabe%2C+T&rft.aulast=Furusawa&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=15+Suppl&rft.issue=&rft.spage=S177&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Uchu+Seibutsu+Kagaku&rft.issn=09149201&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-10-16 N1 - Date created - 2002-07-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biological effects of space radiation. AN - 71314653; 12101350 AB - To determine the effects of space radiation on human health for long-term stays in space, we performed 21 space experiments on radiation biology. Two main characteristics of space are microgravity and space radiation that consists of low dose, chronic exposure at low dose-rates, and heavy particles. Through space experiments, we demonstrated the formation of DNA strand breaks, induced mutations, abnormal cell differentiation and the inducible gene expression of a tumor suppressor gene product, p53, in various kinds of organisms. In addition, we investigated the influence of microgravity on radiation-induced biological effects in in vitro biochemical reaction systems and in vivo cell culture systems of bacteria and lower eukaryotes. We review here the importance of radiation biology studies on space radiation from the viewpoints of human health and biological evolution, from the beginning of life until today, in the context of environmental genotoxic radiation. JF - Uchu Seibutsu Kagaku AU - Ohnishi, T AU - Takahashi, A AU - Ohnishi, K AD - Department of Biology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan. tohnishi@naramed-u.ac.jp Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - October 2001 SP - S203 EP - S210 VL - 15 Suppl SN - 0914-9201, 0914-9201 KW - HSP72 Heat-Shock Proteins KW - 0 KW - Heat-Shock Proteins KW - Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 KW - Space life sciences KW - manned KW - Flight Experiment KW - Mir Project KW - short duration KW - long duration KW - STS Shuttle Project KW - Heat-Shock Proteins -- metabolism KW - Animals KW - Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 -- radiation effects KW - Relative Biological Effectiveness KW - DNA Repair KW - Bacteria -- radiation effects KW - Humans KW - Aerospace Medicine KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation KW - Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 -- metabolism KW - Heat-Shock Proteins -- radiation effects KW - DNA Damage KW - Cosmic Radiation KW - Space Flight KW - Weightlessness UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71314653?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Uchu+Seibutsu+Kagaku&rft.atitle=Biological+effects+of+space+radiation.&rft.au=Ohnishi%2C+T%3BTakahashi%2C+A%3BOhnishi%2C+K&rft.aulast=Ohnishi&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=15+Suppl&rft.issue=&rft.spage=S203&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Uchu+Seibutsu+Kagaku&rft.issn=09149201&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-10-16 N1 - Date created - 2002-07-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Heavy-ion induced chromatid break and repair kinetics in normal human fibroblasts. AN - 71314529; 11997640 JF - Uchu Seibutsu Kagaku AU - Kawata, T AU - Ito, H AU - Furusawa, Y AU - Durante, M AU - George, K AU - Wu, H AU - Cucinotta, F AD - NASA, Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Radiation Biophysics Laboratory, Houston, Texas, USA. Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - October 2001 SP - 276 EP - 277 VL - 15 IS - 3 SN - 0914-9201, 0914-9201 KW - Carbon KW - 7440-44-0 KW - Iron KW - E1UOL152H7 KW - Silicon KW - Z4152N8IUI KW - Space life sciences KW - NASA Discipline Radiation Health KW - NASA Center JSC KW - DNA Repair -- physiology KW - Relative Biological Effectiveness KW - Kinetics KW - Humans KW - Particle Accelerators KW - Fibroblasts -- radiation effects KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation KW - Linear Energy Transfer KW - Cell Line KW - Heavy Ions KW - Gamma Rays KW - Chromatids -- physiology KW - Chromatids -- radiation effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71314529?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Uchu+Seibutsu+Kagaku&rft.atitle=Heavy-ion+induced+chromatid+break+and+repair+kinetics+in+normal+human+fibroblasts.&rft.au=Kawata%2C+T%3BIto%2C+H%3BFurusawa%2C+Y%3BDurante%2C+M%3BGeorge%2C+K%3BWu%2C+H%3BCucinotta%2C+F&rft.aulast=Kawata&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=276&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Uchu+Seibutsu+Kagaku&rft.issn=09149201&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-07-15 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - [Proposal from space radiation biologists. Importance of Centrifuge Facility in the study of biological effect by space radiation]. AN - 71313998; 11997596 AB - In microgravity, astronauts were constantly exposed to space radiation containing various kinds of radiation with a low-dose rate during long-term stays in space. It is very difficult to define the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of space radiation under microgravity. In order to understand correct the RBE of space radiation, therefore, utilization of Centrifuge Facility is desired as a control experiment at orbit for removing other factors such as microgravity except space radiation. Here, we summarized the importance of Centrifuge Facility in the study of biological effect of space radiation. JF - Uchu Seibutsu Kagaku AU - Takahashi, A AU - Ohnishi, T AD - Department of Biology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan. atakahas@naramed-u-ac.jp Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - October 2001 SP - 167 EP - 171 VL - 15 IS - 3 SN - 0914-9201, 0914-9201 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Space life sciences KW - Relative Biological Effectiveness KW - Space Flight -- instrumentation KW - Humans KW - Aerospace Medicine KW - DNA -- radiation effects KW - Centrifugation KW - Cosmic Radiation KW - Weightlessness UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71313998?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Uchu+Seibutsu+Kagaku&rft.atitle=%5BProposal+from+space+radiation+biologists.+Importance+of+Centrifuge+Facility+in+the+study+of+biological+effect+by+space+radiation%5D.&rft.au=Takahashi%2C+A%3BOhnishi%2C+T&rft.aulast=Takahashi&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=167&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Uchu+Seibutsu+Kagaku&rft.issn=09149201&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - Japanese DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-07-15 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - [Increase of protease activity in cultured human cells exposed to gravity-changing stress: involvement of proteases in modulation of cell mutability]. AN - 71313503; 11997657 JF - Uchu Seibutsu Kagaku AU - Takahashi, S AU - Zhang, H C AU - Wano, C AU - Sugaya, S AU - Nomura, J AU - Kita, K AU - Suzuki, N AD - Department of Environmental Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University. Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - October 2001 SP - 310 EP - 311 VL - 15 IS - 3 SN - 0914-9201, 0914-9201 KW - Endopeptidases KW - EC 3.4.- KW - Space life sciences KW - manned KW - Flight Experiment KW - short duration KW - Parabolic Flight KW - Genes, ras KW - Humans KW - Mutation KW - Hypergravity KW - Cell Line KW - Mutagenesis KW - Endopeptidases -- genetics KW - Cells, Cultured -- metabolism KW - Space Flight KW - Endopeptidases -- metabolism KW - Weightlessness UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71313503?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Uchu+Seibutsu+Kagaku&rft.atitle=%5BIncrease+of+protease+activity+in+cultured+human+cells+exposed+to+gravity-changing+stress%3A+involvement+of+proteases+in+modulation+of+cell+mutability%5D.&rft.au=Takahashi%2C+S%3BZhang%2C+H+C%3BWano%2C+C%3BSugaya%2C+S%3BNomura%2C+J%3BKita%2C+K%3BSuzuki%2C+N&rft.aulast=Takahashi&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=310&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Uchu+Seibutsu+Kagaku&rft.issn=09149201&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - Japanese DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-07-15 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Theoretical analysis of mixed irradiation (3). AN - 71313427; 11997634 AB - As the model we proposed last year was contradictory to experimental data, we revised again the models for mixed irradiation by Zaider and Rossi and by Suzuki, substituting a 'reciprocal-time' pattern of repair function for a first-order one in reduction and interaction factors of the models, although we used a second order repair function last year. The reduction factor, which reduces the contribution of the square of a dose to cell killing in the models, and the interaction factor, which also reduces the contribution of the interaction of two or more doses of different types of radiation, were formulated by using the 'reciprocal-time' pattern of repair function. These newly modified models for mixed irradiation could express or predict cell survival more accurately than the older ones, especially when irradiation is prolonged at low dose rates. We present survival curves of cells calculated from the newly and the older models of assumptive simultaneous mixed irradiation with two or three types of radiation. JF - Uchu Seibutsu Kagaku AU - Suzuki, S AU - Miura, Y AU - Mizuno, S AU - Furusawa, Y AD - Tokyo Metro. Inst. of Gerontol., Tokyo, Japan. Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - October 2001 SP - 264 EP - 265 VL - 15 IS - 3 SN - 0914-9201, 0914-9201 KW - Neon KW - 4VB4Y46AHD KW - Carbon KW - 7440-44-0 KW - Space life sciences KW - Animals KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Cell Survival -- radiation effects KW - Radiobiology KW - Survival Analysis KW - Cricetinae KW - X-Rays KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation KW - Models, Biological UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71313427?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Uchu+Seibutsu+Kagaku&rft.atitle=Theoretical+analysis+of+mixed+irradiation+%283%29.&rft.au=Suzuki%2C+S%3BMiura%2C+Y%3BMizuno%2C+S%3BFurusawa%2C+Y&rft.aulast=Suzuki&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=264&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Uchu+Seibutsu+Kagaku&rft.issn=09149201&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-07-15 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - [Somatic mutation in epidermal cells of the larvae from Diapausing eggs of the silkworm, Bombyx mori, irradiated with heavy ion beam]. AN - 71311560; 11997636 JF - Uchu Seibutsu Kagaku AU - Kotani, E AU - Furusawa, T AU - Nagaoka, S AU - Ichida, M AU - Sugimura, Y AU - Nojima, K AU - Masukawa, M AU - Nagamatsu, A AU - Todo, T AU - Ikenaga, M AD - Kyoto Inst. Technol. Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - October 2001 SP - 268 EP - 269 VL - 15 IS - 3 SN - 0914-9201, 0914-9201 KW - Neon KW - 4VB4Y46AHD KW - Carbon KW - 7440-44-0 KW - Space life sciences KW - Animals KW - Relative Biological Effectiveness KW - Ovum -- radiation effects KW - Embryo, Nonmammalian -- radiation effects KW - Particle Accelerators KW - Bombyx -- genetics KW - Bombyx -- radiation effects KW - Mutation KW - Linear Energy Transfer KW - Heavy Ions KW - Larva -- genetics KW - Epidermis -- cytology KW - Larva -- radiation effects KW - Epidermis -- radiation effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71311560?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Uchu+Seibutsu+Kagaku&rft.atitle=%5BSomatic+mutation+in+epidermal+cells+of+the+larvae+from+Diapausing+eggs+of+the+silkworm%2C+Bombyx+mori%2C+irradiated+with+heavy+ion+beam%5D.&rft.au=Kotani%2C+E%3BFurusawa%2C+T%3BNagaoka%2C+S%3BIchida%2C+M%3BSugimura%2C+Y%3BNojima%2C+K%3BMasukawa%2C+M%3BNagamatsu%2C+A%3BTodo%2C+T%3BIkenaga%2C+M&rft.aulast=Kotani&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=268&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Uchu+Seibutsu+Kagaku&rft.issn=09149201&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - Japanese DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-07-15 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Post-crystallization reheating and partial melting of eucrite EET90020 by impact into the hot crust of asteroid 4Vesta approximately 4.50 Ga ago AN - 52161492; 2002-002143 AB - We performed petrologic, radiometric (Ar-Ar, Sm-Nd, and Mn-Cr ages), and ion microprobe studies of the basaltic eucrite, EET90020. This is one of the few rare basaltic eucrites whose (super 39) Ar- (super 40) Ar age has not been reset during impact bombardment on the HED parent body 1-5 GPa after the reheating event. EET90020 seems to have experienced the following thermal history; (1) crystallization during rapid cooling near the surface; (2) some brecciation by impact; (3) thermal metamorphism that produced type 5 pyroxene; and (4) short reheating that caused partial melting and rapid cooling. (super 39) Ar- (super 40) Ar measurements show a relatively flat pattern and an age of 4.49+ or -0.01 Ga, which is consistent with rapid cooling from high temperature (event 4). Resetting of the Sm-Nd ages at 4.51+ or -0.04 Ga appears to be closely related to the remelting of Ca-phosphates. Rb-Sr data suggest Rb-loss from tridymite during partial melting. The resetting of the Mn-Cr age may have been related to the formation of Cr-ulvospinels (event 4). We suggest that all these ages were reset by partial melting (event 4). We further suggest that the partial melting event (event 4) that reset the ages approximately 4.50 Ga ago was caused by an impact into EET90020 which was part of the hot crust of 4Vesta and resulted in an increase in the temperature from the ambient temperature of approximately 870 degrees C to above the subsolidus temperature of eucrites of approximately 1060 degrees C. JF - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta AU - Yamaguchi, Akira AU - Taylor, G Jeffrey AU - Keil, Klaus AU - Floss, Christine AU - Crozaz, Ghislaine AU - Nyquist, Larry E AU - Bogard, Donald D AU - Garrison, Daniel H AU - Reese, Young D AU - Wiesmann, Henry AU - Shih, Chi Y Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - October 2001 SP - 3577 EP - 3599 PB - Pergamon, Oxford VL - 65 IS - 20 SN - 0016-7037, 0016-7037 KW - stony meteorites KW - asteroids KW - EET 90020 KW - partial melting KW - Elephant Moraine Meteorites KW - thermal history KW - exposure age KW - meteorites KW - mineral composition KW - major elements KW - absolute age KW - trace elements KW - chemical composition KW - geochemistry KW - Ar/Ar KW - minor elements KW - Vesta Asteroid KW - textures KW - parent bodies KW - HED meteorites KW - impacts KW - metamorphism KW - achondrites KW - Antarctica KW - Sm/Nd KW - heating KW - eucrite KW - 05B:Petrology of meteorites and tektites UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52161492?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geochimica+et+Cosmochimica+Acta&rft.atitle=Post-crystallization+reheating+and+partial+melting+of+eucrite+EET90020+by+impact+into+the+hot+crust+of+asteroid+4Vesta+approximately+4.50+Ga+ago&rft.au=Yamaguchi%2C+Akira%3BTaylor%2C+G+Jeffrey%3BKeil%2C+Klaus%3BFloss%2C+Christine%3BCrozaz%2C+Ghislaine%3BNyquist%2C+Larry+E%3BBogard%2C+Donald+D%3BGarrison%2C+Daniel+H%3BReese%2C+Young+D%3BWiesmann%2C+Henry%3BShih%2C+Chi+Y&rft.aulast=Yamaguchi&rft.aufirst=Akira&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=20&rft.spage=3577&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geochimica+et+Cosmochimica+Acta&rft.issn=00167037&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0016-7037%2801%2900681-0 L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00167037 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from CAPCAS, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 81 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 10 tables N1 - SuppNotes - Univ. Hawaii, Inst. Geophys. and Planetol., Publ. No. 1149; Sch. Ocean and Earth Sci. and Technol., Publ. No. 5566 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GCACAK N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - absolute age; achondrites; Antarctica; Ar/Ar; asteroids; chemical composition; EET 90020; Elephant Moraine Meteorites; eucrite; exposure age; geochemistry; heating; HED meteorites; impacts; major elements; metamorphism; meteorites; mineral composition; minor elements; parent bodies; partial melting; Sm/Nd; stony meteorites; textures; thermal history; trace elements; Vesta Asteroid DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(01)00681-0 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Landsat 7 mission; terrestrial research and applications for the 21st century AN - 52158654; 2002-005242 JF - Remote Sensing of Environment AU - Goward, Samuel N AU - Masek, Jeffrey G AU - Williams, Darrel L AU - Irons, James R AU - Thompson, R J A2 - Goward, Samuel N. A2 - Masek, Jeffrey G. Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - October 2001 SP - 3 EP - 12 PB - Elsevier, New York, NY VL - 78 IS - 1-2 SN - 0034-4257, 0034-4257 KW - Landsat KW - land cover KW - current research KW - applications KW - satellite methods KW - land use KW - remote sensing KW - 20:Applied geophysics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52158654?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.atitle=The+Landsat+7+mission%3B+terrestrial+research+and+applications+for+the+21st+century&rft.au=Goward%2C+Samuel+N%3BMasek%2C+Jeffrey+G%3BWilliams%2C+Darrel+L%3BIrons%2C+James+R%3BThompson%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Goward&rft.aufirst=Samuel&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=3&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.issn=00344257&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00344257 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 39 N1 - PubXState - NY N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - RSEEA7 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - applications; current research; land cover; land use; Landsat; remote sensing; satellite methods ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Improved identification of volcanic features using Landsat 7 ETM+ AN - 52157869; 2002-005245 JF - Remote Sensing of Environment AU - Flynn, Luke P AU - Harris, Andrew J L AU - Wright, Robert A2 - Goward, Samuel N. A2 - Masek, Jeffrey G. Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - October 2001 SP - 180 EP - 193 PB - Elsevier, New York, NY VL - 78 IS - 1-2 SN - 0034-4257, 0034-4257 KW - United States KW - thematic mapper KW - Hawaii Island KW - Hawaii County Hawaii KW - Mount Etna KW - Hawaii KW - Europe KW - East Pacific Ocean Islands KW - satellite methods KW - Italy KW - Southern Europe KW - Landsat KW - volcanic features KW - Sicily Italy KW - Oceania KW - volcanoes KW - applications KW - Polynesia KW - Kilauea KW - remote sensing KW - 23:Geomorphology KW - 20:Applied geophysics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52157869?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.atitle=Improved+identification+of+volcanic+features+using+Landsat+7+ETM%2B&rft.au=Flynn%2C+Luke+P%3BHarris%2C+Andrew+J+L%3BWright%2C+Robert&rft.aulast=Flynn&rft.aufirst=Luke&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=180&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.issn=00344257&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00344257 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 52 N1 - PubXState - NY N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - RSEEA7 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - applications; East Pacific Ocean Islands; Europe; Hawaii; Hawaii County Hawaii; Hawaii Island; Italy; Kilauea; Landsat; Mount Etna; Oceania; Polynesia; remote sensing; satellite methods; Sicily Italy; Southern Europe; thematic mapper; United States; volcanic features; volcanoes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Landsat 7 AN - 52155364; 2002-005241 JF - Remote Sensing of Environment A2 - Goward, Samuel N. A2 - Masek, Jeffrey G. Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - October 2001 SP - 220 PB - Elsevier, New York, NY VL - 78 IS - 1-2 SN - 0034-4257, 0034-4257 KW - Landsat KW - current research KW - satellite methods KW - remote sensing KW - 20:Applied geophysics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52155364?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/GeoRef&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=Linda+A&rft.date=2001-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=348&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Astrobiology&rft.issn=15311074&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00344257 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - PubXState - NY N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - SuppNotes - Individual papers within scope are cited separately N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - RSEEA7 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - current research; Landsat; remote sensing; satellite methods ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Calibration and analysis of Landsat thermal data and application to water resource studies AN - 52154542; 2002-005243 JF - Remote Sensing of Environment AU - Schott, John R AU - Barsi, Julia A AU - Raqueno, Nina Gibson AU - de Alwis, Dilkushi A2 - Goward, Samuel N. A2 - Masek, Jeffrey G. Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - October 2001 SP - 108 EP - 117 PB - Elsevier, New York, NY VL - 78 IS - 1-2 SN - 0034-4257, 0034-4257 KW - thermal analysis KW - Landsat KW - thermal anomalies KW - calibration KW - applications KW - water resources KW - satellite methods KW - instruments KW - remote sensing KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 20:Applied geophysics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52154542?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.atitle=Calibration+and+analysis+of+Landsat+thermal+data+and+application+to+water+resource+studies&rft.au=Schott%2C+John+R%3BBarsi%2C+Julia+A%3BRaqueno%2C+Nina+Gibson%3Bde+Alwis%2C+Dilkushi&rft.aulast=Schott&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=108&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.issn=00344257&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00344257 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 24 N1 - PubXState - NY N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - RSEEA7 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - applications; calibration; instruments; Landsat; remote sensing; satellite methods; thermal analysis; thermal anomalies; water resources ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of the empirical mode decomposition-Hilbert spectrum method to identify near-fault ground-motion characteristics and structural response AN - 52151529; 2002-012183 AB - In this article, the empirical mode decomposition method combined with the Hilbert spectrum method (EMD+HHT) is used to analyze the free-field ground motion and to estimate the global structural property of building and bridge structure through the measurement of seismic response data. The EMD+HHT method provides a powerful tool for signal processing to identify nonlinear and nonstationary data. Based on the decomposed ground-motion signal, the absolute input energy of each decomposed wave was studied (the fling step [pulselike wave] can be separated from the recorded near-fault ground motion). Through application of the EMD+HHT method to building and bridge seismic response data, the time-varying system natural frequency and damping ratio can also be estimated. Damage identification from seismic response data of buildings and bridges, particularly from the Chi-Chi earthquake data, is also described. JF - Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America AU - Loh, Chin-Hsiung AU - Wu, Tsu-Chiu AU - Huang, Norden E A2 - Teng, Ta-liang A2 - Tsai, Yi-Ben A2 - Lee, William H. K. Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - October 2001 SP - 1339 EP - 1357 PB - Seismological Society of America, Berkeley, CA VL - 91 IS - 5 SN - 0037-1106, 0037-1106 KW - geologic hazards KW - damage KW - spectral analysis KW - Hilbert transformations KW - seismicity KW - seismic risk KW - ground motion KW - buildings KW - risk assessment KW - bridges KW - earthquakes KW - faults KW - 19:Seismology KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52151529?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+Seismological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Application+of+the+empirical+mode+decomposition-Hilbert+spectrum+method+to+identify+near-fault+ground-motion+characteristics+and+structural+response&rft.au=Loh%2C+Chin-Hsiung%3BWu%2C+Tsu-Chiu%3BHuang%2C+Norden+E&rft.aulast=Loh&rft.aufirst=Chin-Hsiung&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1339&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bulletin+of+the+Seismological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00371106&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 10 N1 - PubXState - CA N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table, animations N1 - SuppNotes - Data files on CD-ROM N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - BSSAAP N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - bridges; buildings; damage; earthquakes; faults; geologic hazards; ground motion; Hilbert transformations; risk assessment; seismic risk; seismicity; spectral analysis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A new spectral representation of earthquake data; Hilbert spectral analysis of Station TCU129, Chi-Chi, Taiwan, 21 September 1999 AN - 52149448; 2002-012182 AB - A new method of spectral analysis, using an approach we call the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and the Hilbert spectrum analysis (HSA), is presented. The EMD method decomposes any data into a finite number of intrinsic mode function (IMF) components with time-variable amplitudes and frequencies. This decomposition is nearly orthogonal and totally adaptive. With the decomposition, a Hilbert, rather than Fourier, transform is applied to each IMF component, which gives each component instantaneous frequency and energy density. This approach is totally new, and it is different from any of the existing methods: it uses differentiation to define the frequency rather than the traditional convolution computation; thus, it gives the instantaneous frequency and energy density. The greatest advantage of the new approach is that it is the only spectral analysis method applicable to nonstationary and nonlinear data. To illustrate the capability of his new method, we have applied it to the earthquake record from station TCU129, at Chi-Chi, Taiwan, collected during the 21 September 1999 earthquake. The same record is also analyzed with Fourier analysis, wavelet transform, and response spectrum analysis. Comparisons among the different analysis methods indicate that the Hilbert spectral analysis gives the most detailed information in a time-frequency-energy presentation. It also emphasizes the potentially damage-causing low-frequency energy in the earthquake signal missed by all the other methods. JF - Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America AU - Huang, Norden E AU - Chern, Ching C AU - Huang, Kang AU - Salvino, Liming W AU - Long, Steven R AU - Fan, Kuang Lung A2 - Teng, Ta-liang A2 - Tsai, Yi-Ben A2 - Lee, William H. K. Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - October 2001 SP - 1310 EP - 1338 PB - Seismological Society of America, Berkeley, CA VL - 91 IS - 5 SN - 0037-1106, 0037-1106 KW - Taiwan KW - Far East KW - magnitude KW - spectral analysis KW - elastic waves KW - signals KW - Hilbert transformations KW - seismicity KW - Chi-Chi earthquake 1999 KW - algorithms KW - Asia KW - earthquakes KW - amplitude KW - 19:Seismology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52149448?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Astrobiology&rft.atitle=Photoendolithic+ecosystems%3B+molecular+diversity+and+structure&rft.au=Walker%2C+Jeffrey+J%3BPace%2C+Norman+R%3BGoolish%2C+Edward+M&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rft.date=2001-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=347&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Astrobiology&rft.issn=15311074&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 19 N1 - PubXState - CA N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - BSSAAP N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - algorithms; amplitude; Asia; Chi-Chi earthquake 1999; earthquakes; elastic waves; Far East; Hilbert transformations; magnitude; seismicity; signals; spectral analysis; Taiwan ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A terrestrial origin for sulfate veins in CI1 chondrites AN - 52147470; 2002-011146 AB - White sulfate veins are a very well-known petrological feature of the chemically primitive CI1 carbonaceous chondrites. Sulfate veins were first described in the Orgueil meteorite in 1961, almost one century after its fall. However, we have observed such veins to form easily during typical sample storage. We suggest that all CI1 sulfate veins formed during the terrestrial residence of these heavily brecciated, porous stones. Reacting with atmospheric water, sulfates originally present in the meteorites dissolved and remobilized, and/or sulfides oxidised, filling the many open spaces offered to them by the very porous rock. Sulfate veins in CI1 chondrites can no longer be used as evidence of a late-stage oxidation event in the CI1 parent body, or of centimeter-scale fluid transport on the parent asteroid. JF - Meteoritics & Planetary Science AU - Gounelle, Matthieu AU - Zolensky, Michael E Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - October 2001 SP - 1321 EP - 1329 PB - Meteoritical Society, Fayetteville, AR VL - 36 IS - 10 SN - 1086-9379, 1086-9379 KW - CI chondrites KW - petrology KW - stony meteorites KW - sulfates KW - oxidation KW - carbonaceous chondrites KW - veins KW - Alais Meteorite KW - provenance KW - meteorites KW - mineral composition KW - chondrites KW - chemical composition KW - 05B:Petrology of meteorites and tektites UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52147470?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Meteoritics+%26+Planetary+Science&rft.atitle=A+terrestrial+origin+for+sulfate+veins+in+CI1+chondrites&rft.au=Gounelle%2C+Matthieu%3BZolensky%2C+Michael+E&rft.aulast=Gounelle&rft.aufirst=Matthieu&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1321&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Meteoritics+%26+Planetary+Science&rft.issn=10869379&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://cavern.uark.edu/~meteor/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 59 N1 - PubXState - AR N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - MERTAW N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Alais Meteorite; carbonaceous chondrites; chemical composition; chondrites; CI chondrites; meteorites; mineral composition; oxidation; petrology; provenance; stony meteorites; sulfates; veins ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tampa Bay Integrated Science Pilot Study; hydrographic and sub-surface mapping and sediment transport modeling AN - 52106892; 2002-043431 JF - Open-File Report - U. S. Geological Survey AU - Hansen, Mark AU - Yates, Kimberly K AU - Brock, John AU - Brooks, Gregg R AU - Carlson, Paul R AU - Carter, Bill AU - Hill, Gary AU - Luther, Mark AU - Shrestha, Ramesh AU - Wright, Wayne Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - October 2001 SP - 2 PB - U. S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA SN - 0196-1497, 0196-1497 KW - United States KW - laser methods KW - geophysical surveys KW - characterization KW - Tampa Bay KW - mapping KW - Florida KW - Gulf of Mexico KW - ecology KW - USGS KW - hydrology KW - ocean circulation KW - seismic profiles KW - sediment transport KW - geophysical methods KW - shorelines KW - radar methods KW - Gulf Coastal Plain KW - seismic methods KW - models KW - habitat KW - lidar methods KW - surveys KW - geophysical profiles KW - bathymetry KW - North Atlantic KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - 07:Oceanography UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52106892?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Open-File+Report+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.atitle=Tampa+Bay+Integrated+Science+Pilot+Study%3B+hydrographic+and+sub-surface+mapping+and+sediment+transport+modeling&rft.au=Hansen%2C+Mark%3BYates%2C+Kimberly+K%3BBrock%2C+John%3BBrooks%2C+Gregg+R%3BCarlson%2C+Paul+R%3BCarter%2C+Bill%3BHill%2C+Gary%3BLuther%2C+Mark%3BShrestha%2C+Ramesh%3BWright%2C+Wayne&rft.aulast=Hansen&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Open-File+Report+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.issn=01961497&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://gulfsci.usgs.gov/tampabay/reports/ofrhansen/index.html https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/browse/usgs-publications/OFR LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - PubXState - VA N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. sects., sketch map N1 - SuppNotes - Accessed on May 31, 2002 N1 - Last updated - 2016-10-25 N1 - CODEN - XGROAG N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Atlantic Ocean; bathymetry; characterization; ecology; Florida; geophysical methods; geophysical profiles; geophysical surveys; Gulf Coastal Plain; Gulf of Mexico; habitat; hydrology; laser methods; lidar methods; mapping; models; North Atlantic; ocean circulation; radar methods; sediment transport; seismic methods; seismic profiles; shorelines; surveys; Tampa Bay; United States; USGS ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Constraints on the composition of Trojan asteroid 624 Hektor AN - 51990455; 2003-036351 JF - Icarus AU - Cruikshank, Dale P AU - Dalle Ore, Cristina M AU - Roush, Ted L AU - Geballe, Thomas R AU - Owen, Tobias C AU - de Bergh, Catherine AU - Cash, Michele D AU - Hartmann, William K Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - October 2001 SP - 348 EP - 360 PB - Academic Press, New York, NY VL - 153 IS - 2 SN - 0019-1035, 0019-1035 KW - water KW - silicates KW - albedo KW - serpentine KW - asteroids KW - Trojan asteroids KW - Hektor Asteroid KW - pyroxene group KW - mineral composition KW - serpentine group KW - color KW - ice KW - carbon KW - asteroid belt KW - sheet silicates KW - reflectance KW - D-type asteroids KW - chain silicates KW - 04:Extraterrestrial geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51990455?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Astrobiology&rft.atitle=%22Archaean+Park%22%3B+a+research+project+on+interaction+between+sub-vent+biosphere+and+geo-environment&rft.au=Urabe%2C+Tetsuro%3BMaruyama%2C+Akihiko%3BMarumo%2C+Katsumi%3BIshibashi%2C+Jun-ichiro%3BSeama%2C+Nobukazu%3BGoolish%2C+Edward+M&rft.aulast=Urabe&rft.aufirst=Tetsuro&rft.date=2001-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=345&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Astrobiology&rft.issn=15311074&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00191035 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2003-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 83 N1 - PubXState - NY N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 4 tables N1 - SuppNotes - Accessed on March 20, 2003 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - ICRSA5 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - albedo; asteroid belt; asteroids; carbon; chain silicates; color; D-type asteroids; Hektor Asteroid; ice; mineral composition; pyroxene group; reflectance; serpentine; serpentine group; sheet silicates; silicates; Trojan asteroids; water DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/icar.2001.6703 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Diversity of sulfur isotope fractionation by sulfate-reducing prokaryotes AN - 51890879; 2004-015156 AB - Batch culture experiments were performed with 32 sulfate-reducing prokaryotes to explore the diversity in sulfur isotope fractionation during dissimilatory sulfate-reduction by pure cultures. The selected strains reflect the phylogenetic and physiologic diversity of presently known sulfate reducers and were isolated from a broad range of natural marine and freshwater habitats. Experimental conditions were designed to achieve optimum growth conditions with respect to electron donors, salinity, temperature, and pH. Under these optimized conditions, experimental fractionation factors ranged from 2.0 per mil to 42.0 per mil. Salinity, incubation temperature, pH, and phylogeny had no systematic effect on the sulfur isotope fractionation. There was no correlation between isotope fractionation and sulfate reduction rate. The type of dissimilatory bisulfite reductase also had no effect on fractionation. Sulfate reducers that oxidized the carbon source completely to carbon dioxide showed greater fractionations than sulfate reducers where acetate is the final product of carbon oxidation. Different metabolic pathways and variable regulation of sulfate transport across the cell membrane all potentially affect isotope fractionation. Previous models that explained fractionation only in terms of sulfate reduction rates appear to be oversimplifying. The species-specific physiology of each sulfate reducer needs to be taken into account to understand the regulation of sulfur isotope fractionation during dissimilatory sulfate reduction. JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Bruechert, Volker AU - Detmers, Jan AU - Habicht, Kirsten S AU - Kuever, Jan AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - October 2001 SP - 94 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 33 IS - 6 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - isotope fractionation KW - biogenic processes KW - sulfate ion KW - isotopes KW - marine environment KW - sulfur KW - prokaryotes KW - fresh-water environment KW - salinity KW - pH KW - Eh KW - 02D:Isotope geochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51890879?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Diversity+of+sulfur+isotope+fractionation+by+sulfate-reducing+prokaryotes&rft.au=Bruechert%2C+Volker%3BDetmers%2C+Jan%3BHabicht%2C+Kirsten+S%3BKuever%2C+Jan%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Bruechert&rft.aufirst=Volker&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=94&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, 2001 annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by the Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States N1 - Date revised - 2004-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biogenic processes; Eh; fresh-water environment; isotope fractionation; isotopes; marine environment; pH; prokaryotes; salinity; sulfate ion; sulfur ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Microbial sulfur isotope fractionation in modern sediments and through Earth history AN - 51890037; 2004-015155 AB - Analysis of the stable sulfur isotopes in sulfate and sedimentary sulfide can identify the activity of sulfate-reducing bacteria in marine sediments through Earth history. Sulfate-reducing bacteria prefer to reduce sulfate containing (super 32) S compared to sulfate containing (super 34) S, and therefore sedimentary sulfides depleted in (super 32) S were likely formed by sulfate-reducing bacteria. In modern sediments and in sediments deposited through the Phanerozoic, sulfides are however, generally depleted in (super 32) S by more than can be explained by sulfate reduction alone. Additional fractionation to that of sulfate reduction must occur in these sediments, probably during the reoxidation of sulfide to sulfate. The oxidative part of the sulfur cycle is very complex and generally no isotope fractionations are associated with the direct biological and chemical oxidation of sulfide to sulfate. The only processes known to deplete sedimentary sulfide in (super 32) S during the oxidative part of the sulfur cycle are the microbial disproportionation of elemental sulfur, thiosulfate and sulfite. The disproportionation processes might, therefore, be important in Phanerozoic sediments. In the Precambrian sedimentary sulfides are not depleted by more than about 45 per mil, which is also the maximum fractionation yet observed during the microbial reduction of sulfate. Additional isotope fractionation during the oxidative part of the sulfur cycle was probably not important in the Precambrian. I will discuss which processes within the sulfur cycle might dominate in Phanerozoic sediments and in the Precambrian. Sedimentary sulfides depleted in (super 32) S by more than 45 per mil are first encountered in sediments around 0.8 billion years old. This increase in fractionation might correlate with an increase in the O (sub 2) concentration in the atmosphere at this time. JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Habicht, Kirsten S AU - Canfield, Donald E AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - October 2001 SP - 94 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 33 IS - 6 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - isotope fractionation KW - sulfate ion KW - upper Precambrian KW - Precambrian KW - isotopes KW - paleoatmosphere KW - S-34 KW - S-32 KW - Proterozoic KW - stable isotopes KW - geochemical cycle KW - modern KW - Phanerozoic KW - marine sediments KW - sedimentary rocks KW - bacteria KW - sediments KW - sulfur KW - sulfides KW - geochemistry KW - Eh KW - Neoproterozoic KW - microorganisms KW - 06A:Sedimentary petrology KW - 02D:Isotope geochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51890037?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Microbial+sulfur+isotope+fractionation+in+modern+sediments+and+through+Earth+history&rft.au=Habicht%2C+Kirsten+S%3BCanfield%2C+Donald+E%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Habicht&rft.aufirst=Kirsten&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=94&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, 2001 annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by the Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States N1 - Date revised - 2004-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - bacteria; Eh; geochemical cycle; geochemistry; isotope fractionation; isotopes; marine sediments; microorganisms; modern; Neoproterozoic; paleoatmosphere; Phanerozoic; Precambrian; Proterozoic; S-32; S-34; sedimentary rocks; sediments; stable isotopes; sulfate ion; sulfides; sulfur; upper Precambrian ER - TY - JOUR T1 - "Crack!" in the polar night AN - 51327816; 2006-047629 AB - This article illustrates the new power of multi-sensor monitoring of the Earth from space to study the Antarctic ice sheets' changes with time. It provides new insight into the process by which the Antarctic ice sheets periodically launches massive icebergs from around its perimeter and heightens concern that this area of Earth's largest frozen continent is changing. The article describes the mapping of Antarctica from space using satellites and high-resolution methods, including the use of synthetic aperture radar. Predictions are made regarding various rifts in ice sheets and iceberg calving. JF - Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union AU - Bindschadler, Robert AU - Rignot, Eric Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - October 2001 SP - 497 EP - 498, 505 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 82 IS - 43 SN - 0096-3941, 0096-3941 KW - clouds KW - high-resolution methods KW - polar regions KW - imagery KW - West Antarctica KW - icebergs KW - sea ice KW - mapping KW - ice shelves KW - satellite methods KW - ice sheets KW - Antarctic Peninsula KW - melting KW - Antarctica KW - SAR KW - mass balance KW - ice KW - glacial geology KW - remote sensing KW - Pine Island Glacier KW - 24:Quaternary geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51327816?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.atitle=%22Crack%21%22+in+the+polar+night&rft.au=Bindschadler%2C+Robert%3BRignot%2C+Eric&rft.aulast=Bindschadler&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=43&rft.spage=497&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.issn=00963941&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2006-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 11 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - EOSTAJ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Antarctic Peninsula; Antarctica; clouds; glacial geology; high-resolution methods; ice; ice sheets; ice shelves; icebergs; imagery; mapping; mass balance; melting; Pine Island Glacier; polar regions; remote sensing; SAR; satellite methods; sea ice; West Antarctica ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter; experiment summary after the first year of global mapping of Mars AN - 50158186; 2003-052247 AB - The Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA), an instrument on the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft, has measured the topography, surface roughness, and 1.064-mu m reflectivity of Mars and the heights of volatile and dust clouds. This paper discusses the function of the MOLA instrument and the acquisition, processing, and correction of observations to produce global data sets. The altimeter measurements have been converted to both gridded and spherical harmonic models for the topography and shape of Mars that have vertical and radial accuracies of approximately 1 m with respect to the planet's center of mass. The current global topographic grid has a resolution of 1/64 degrees in latitude X 1/32 degrees in longitude (1 X 2 km (super 2) at the equator). Reconstruction of the locations of incident laser pulses on the Martian surface appears to be at the 100-m spatial accuracy level and results in 2 orders of magnitude improvement in the global geodetic grid of Mars. Global maps of optical pulse width indicative of 100-m-scale surface roughness and 1.064-mu m reflectivity with an accuracy of 5% have also been obtained. Copyright 2001 by the American Geophysical Union. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Smith, David E AU - Zuber, Maria T AU - Frey, Herbert V AU - Garvin, James B AU - Head, James W AU - Muhleman, Duane O AU - Pettengill, Gordon H AU - Phillips, Roger J AU - Solomon, Sean C AU - Zwally, H Jay AU - Banerdt, W Bruce AU - Duxbury, Thomas C AU - Golombek, Matthew P AU - Lemoine, Frank G AU - Neumann, Gregory A AU - Rowlands, David D AU - Aharonson, Oded AU - Ford, Peter G AU - Ivanov, Anton B AU - Johnson, Catherine L AU - McGovern, Patrick J AU - Abshire, James B AU - Afzal, Robert S AU - Sun, Xiaoli AU - Albee, Arden L Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - October 2001 SP - 23 EP - 23,722 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 106 IS - E10 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - roughness KW - atmosphere KW - Mars KW - mapping KW - landing sites KW - geodesy KW - terrestrial planets KW - spherical harmonic analysis KW - models KW - planets KW - topography KW - Mars Global Surveyor Program KW - planetology KW - MOLA KW - instruments KW - remote sensing KW - 04:Extraterrestrial geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50158186?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=Mars+Orbiter+Laser+Altimeter%3B+experiment+summary+after+the+first+year+of+global+mapping+of+Mars&rft.au=Smith%2C+David+E%3BZuber%2C+Maria+T%3BFrey%2C+Herbert+V%3BGarvin%2C+James+B%3BHead%2C+James+W%3BMuhleman%2C+Duane+O%3BPettengill%2C+Gordon+H%3BPhillips%2C+Roger+J%3BSolomon%2C+Sean+C%3BZwally%2C+H+Jay%3BBanerdt%2C+W+Bruce%3BDuxbury%2C+Thomas+C%3BGolombek%2C+Matthew+P%3BLemoine%2C+Frank+G%3BNeumann%2C+Gregory+A%3BRowlands%2C+David+D%3BAharonson%2C+Oded%3BFord%2C+Peter+G%3BIvanov%2C+Anton+B%3BJohnson%2C+Catherine+L%3BMcGovern%2C+Patrick+J%3BAbshire%2C+James+B%3BAfzal%2C+Robert+S%3BSun%2C+Xiaoli%3BAlbee%2C+Arden+L&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=E10&rft.spage=23&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2000JE001364 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2003-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 210 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 10 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - atmosphere; geodesy; instruments; landing sites; mapping; Mars; Mars Global Surveyor Program; models; MOLA; planetology; planets; remote sensing; roughness; spherical harmonic analysis; terrestrial planets; topography DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000JE001364 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Radio science observations with Mars Global Surveyor; orbit insertion through one Mars year in mapping orbit AN - 50155840; 2003-052236 AB - Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) radio science comprises studies of the atmosphere and gravity of the planet. Perturbations of the 3.6-cm lambda radio path by the atmosphere during periods of atmospheric occultation provide the vertical temperature-pressure structure T[p(r)] to accuracies at the surface of Delta T nearly equal 0.4 K and Delta p nearly equal 2 Pa, and approximately 10 K and approximately 0.6 Pa at altitudes of 40-50 km; the error in radius is Delta r nearly equal 1 m at all levels. Accurate knowledge of the radius permits fixing of the T-p structure to the geopotential and use of the gradient wind equation to calculate components of the wind. Systematic sampling of the atmosphere in combination with the accuracy of the MGS radio system supports studies of the large-scale dynamics of the atmosphere, including seasonal variations of the atmospheric fields and embedded waves such as Kelvin and Rossby waves. Terminator region ionospheric electron density profiles are obtained successfully much of the time but on occasion are undetectable with the MGS system. Two-way radio tracking of MGS with uncertainties in the line-of-sight velocity of several to tens of mu m s (super -1) and less supports solution for spherical harmonic models of the gravity field of order and degree in the range of 75X75, although the degree and order of meaningful terms is limited by the approximately 400 km spacecraft altitude to approximately 62X62, corresponding to a resolution of a few degrees of arc on the surface. This resolution of gravity is sufficient to support geophysical studies of the planet's interior structure and history. Additional radio science investigations include the search for gravitational radiation and observation of very low grazing angle forward scattering by the surface of Mars. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Tyler, G Leonard AU - Balmino, Georges AU - Hinson, David P AU - Sjogren, William L AU - Smith, David E AU - Simpson, Richard A AU - Asmar, Sami W AU - Priest, Patricia AU - Twicken, Joseph D AU - Albee, Arden L Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - October 2001 SP - 23 EP - 23,348 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 106 IS - E10 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - polar regions KW - pressure KW - altitude KW - atmosphere KW - Mars KW - mapping KW - variations KW - temperature KW - geometry KW - terrestrial planets KW - planets KW - gravity anomalies KW - gravity field KW - topography KW - atmospheric dynamics KW - surface features KW - Mars Global Surveyor Program KW - planetology KW - climate KW - 04:Extraterrestrial geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50155840?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=Radio+science+observations+with+Mars+Global+Surveyor%3B+orbit+insertion+through+one+Mars+year+in+mapping+orbit&rft.au=Tyler%2C+G+Leonard%3BBalmino%2C+Georges%3BHinson%2C+David+P%3BSjogren%2C+William+L%3BSmith%2C+David+E%3BSimpson%2C+Richard+A%3BAsmar%2C+Sami+W%3BPriest%2C+Patricia%3BTwicken%2C+Joseph+D%3BAlbee%2C+Arden+L&rft.aulast=Tyler&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=E10&rft.spage=23&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2000JE001348 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2003-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 52 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - SuppNotes - Includes appendices N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - altitude; atmosphere; atmospheric dynamics; climate; geometry; gravity anomalies; gravity field; mapping; Mars; Mars Global Surveyor Program; planetology; planets; polar regions; pressure; surface features; temperature; terrestrial planets; topography; variations DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000JE001348 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - On the possibility of liquid water on present-day Mars AN - 50155799; 2003-052235 AB - Using a validated general circulation model, we determine where and for how long the surface pressure and surface temperature on Mars meet the minimum requirements for the existence of liquid water in the present climate system: pressures and temperatures above the triple point of water but below the boiling point. We find that for pure liquid water, there are five "favorable" regions where these requirements are satisfied: between 0 degrees and 30 degrees N in the plains of Amazonis, Arabia, and Elysium; and in the Southern Hemisphere impact basins of Hellas and Argyre. The combined area of these regions represents 29% of the planet's surface area. In the Amazonis region these requirements are satisfied for a total integrated time of 37 sols each Martian year. In the Hellas basin the number of degree days above zero is 70, which is well above those experienced in the dry valley lake region of Antarctica. These regions are remarkably well correlated with the location of Amazonian paleolakes mapped by Cabrol and Grin [2000] but are poorly correlated with the seepage gullies found by Malin and Edgett [2000]. In both instances, obliquity variations may play a role. For brine solutions the favorable regions expand and could potentially include most of the planet for highly concentrated solutions. Whether liquid water ever forms in these regions depends on the availability of ice and heat and on the evaporation rate. The latter is poorly understood for low-pressure CO (sub 2) environments but is likely to be so high that melting occurs rarely, if at all. However, even rare events of liquid water formation would be significant since they would dominate the chemistry of the soil and would have biological implications as well. It is therefore worth reassessing the potential for liquid water formation on present day Mars, particularly in light of recent Mars Global Surveyor observations. Copyright 2001 by the American Geophysical Union. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Haberle, Robert M AU - McKay, Christopher P AU - Schaeffer, James AU - Cabrol, Nathalie A AU - Grin, Edmond A AU - Zent, Aaron P AU - Quinn, Richard AU - Albee, Arden L Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - October 2001 SP - 23 EP - 23,326 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 106 IS - E10 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - Argyre Basin KW - impact features KW - Hellas Basin KW - Mars KW - mapping KW - Amazonis Planitia KW - erosion features KW - temperature KW - carbon dioxide KW - ice KW - Elysium KW - gullies KW - climate KW - water KW - liquid phase KW - general circulation models KW - gaseous phase KW - surface water KW - surface temperature KW - terrestrial planets KW - solid phase KW - models KW - planets KW - Arabia Regio KW - planetology KW - surface pressure KW - 04:Extraterrestrial geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50155799?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=On+the+possibility+of+liquid+water+on+present-day+Mars&rft.au=Haberle%2C+Robert+M%3BMcKay%2C+Christopher+P%3BSchaeffer%2C+James%3BCabrol%2C+Nathalie+A%3BGrin%2C+Edmond+A%3BZent%2C+Aaron+P%3BQuinn%2C+Richard%3BAlbee%2C+Arden+L&rft.aulast=Haberle&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=E10&rft.spage=23&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2000JE001360 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2003-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 23 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Amazonis Planitia; Arabia Regio; Argyre Basin; carbon dioxide; climate; Elysium; erosion features; gaseous phase; general circulation models; gullies; Hellas Basin; ice; impact features; liquid phase; mapping; Mars; models; planetology; planets; solid phase; surface pressure; surface temperature; surface water; temperature; terrestrial planets; water DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000JE001360 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Global mapping of Martian hematite mineral deposits; remnants of water-driven processes on early Mars AN - 50155626; 2003-052254 AB - Near-global (60 degrees S to 60 degrees N) thermal infrared mapping by the Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) on Mars Global Surveyor has revealed unique deposits of crystalline gray hematite (alpha -Fe (sub 2) O (sub 3) ) exposed at the Martian surface in Sinus Meridiani, Aram Chaos, and in numerous scattered locations throughout Valles Marineris. The Sinus Meridiani material is an in-place, rock stratigraphic sedimentary unit characterized by smooth, friable layers composed primarily of basaltic sediments with approximately 10-15% crystalline gray hematite. This unit has outliers to the north that appear to have formed by stripping and removal. The hematite within Aram Chaos occurs in a sedimentary layer within a closed basin that was likely formed during the basin infilling and predates the formation of nearby chaos and outflow terrains. This unit appears to be exposed by erosion and may be more extensive beneath the surface. The Valles Marineris occurrences are closely associated with the interior layered deposits and may be in place within the layers or eroded sediments. Overall, crystalline gray hematite is extremely uncommon at the surface, yet in all observed locations it is closely associated with layered, sedimentary units. Here we argue that these hematite deposits have formed by a process involving chemical precipitation from aqueous fluids, under either ambient or hydrothermal conditions. Thus the TES mineralogie data provide evidence that liquid water has been stable at or near the surface, probably for millions of years by analogy with terrestrial iron formations, in specific locations on early Mars. Copyright 2001 by the American Geophysical Union. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Christensen, Philip R AU - Morris, R V AU - Lane, Melissa D AU - Bandfield, Joshua L AU - Malin, Michael C AU - Albee, Arden L Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - October 2001 SP - 23 EP - 23,885 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 106 IS - E10 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - solute transport KW - Aram Chaos KW - Valles Marineris KW - erosion KW - water erosion KW - Mars KW - mapping KW - fluid phase KW - terrestrial planets KW - genesis KW - crystals KW - planets KW - sedimentary rocks KW - hematite KW - precipitation KW - Thermal Emission Spectrometer KW - surface features KW - Mars Global Surveyor Program KW - oxides KW - geomorphology KW - Sinus Meridiani KW - geochemistry KW - instruments KW - 04:Extraterrestrial geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50155626?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=Global+mapping+of+Martian+hematite+mineral+deposits%3B+remnants+of+water-driven+processes+on+early+Mars&rft.au=Christensen%2C+Philip+R%3BMorris%2C+R+V%3BLane%2C+Melissa+D%3BBandfield%2C+Joshua+L%3BMalin%2C+Michael+C%3BAlbee%2C+Arden+L&rft.aulast=Christensen&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=A.1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Greensboro+News+Record&rft.issn=10720065&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2003-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 55 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aram Chaos; crystals; erosion; fluid phase; genesis; geochemistry; geomorphology; hematite; instruments; mapping; Mars; Mars Global Surveyor Program; oxides; planets; precipitation; sedimentary rocks; Sinus Meridiani; solute transport; surface features; terrestrial planets; Thermal Emission Spectrometer; Valles Marineris; water erosion DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000JE001415 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Extension and uplift at Alba Patera, Mars; insights from MOLA observations and loading models AN - 50155594; 2003-052251 AB - High-resolution Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) profiles of the large shield volcano Alba Patera call for a critical reexamination of models for the growth and evolution of this volcanic edifice. An extensive system of graben cuts across Alba Patera, extending from Ceraunius Fossae to the south to Tantalus Fossae to the northeast. In the vicinity of the edifice, the otherwise generally north-south orientations of these graben are deflected to circumferential directions. MOLA topography reveals that the circumferential graben are located well up the flanks of Alba Patera. Both the type (extensional) and location (midflank) of faulting on Alba Patera are inconsistent with the state of stress predicted for purely surface-loaded flexure models. To constrain the conditions governing the evolution of Alba Patera, we employ finite element models for the volcano and lithospheric stress field under a combination of loading mechanisms. Buoyant sublithospheric loads (representing underplated magma, low-density mantle residuum, or dynamic support from mantle convection) and intralithospheric displacements (representing sills "trapped" by horizontal compressive stresses in the upper lithosphere) can generate the observed midflank slope breaks and circumferential extensional fault zones at radial distances comparable to that of the subsurface load's characteristic radial extent. Both mechanisms moderate stresses in the upper lithosphere in favor of continued magma ascent. However, bottom loading requires a disk-like load geometry and an elastic lithosphere thickness T (sub e) sufficiently small to allow the load's shape to be apparent in the surface deformation (T (sub e) < or = 32 km). Such low T (sub e) is inconsistent with Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) gravity and topography data. In contrast, intralithospheric sill complexes can produce the observed topography and faulting at T (sub e) values consistent with those inferred from gravity and topography (50 < or = T (sub e) < or = 100 km). For these conditions, principal stress orientations on the lower flanks are also consistent with the orientations of lower-flank graben, provided that faulting was induced by dike intrusion or tensile failure rather than shear failure. Copyright 2001 by the American Geophysical Union. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - McGovern, Patrick J AU - Solomon, Sean C AU - Head, James W, III AU - Smith, David E AU - Zuber, Maria T AU - Neumann, Gregory A AU - Albee, Arden L Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - October 2001 SP - 23 EP - 23,809 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 106 IS - E10 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - systems KW - high-resolution methods KW - uplifts KW - statistical analysis KW - Mars KW - Alba Patera KW - grabens KW - terrestrial planets KW - models KW - extension KW - planets KW - finite element analysis KW - topography KW - Mars Global Surveyor Program KW - volcanoes KW - planetology KW - MOLA KW - Tharsis KW - instruments KW - faults KW - fault zones KW - 04:Extraterrestrial geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50155594?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=Extension+and+uplift+at+Alba+Patera%2C+Mars%3B+insights+from+MOLA+observations+and+loading+models&rft.au=McGovern%2C+Patrick+J%3BSolomon%2C+Sean+C%3BHead%2C+James+W%2C+III%3BSmith%2C+David+E%3BZuber%2C+Maria+T%3BNeumann%2C+Gregory+A%3BAlbee%2C+Arden+L&rft.aulast=McGovern&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=E10&rft.spage=23&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2000JE001314 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2003-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 57 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Alba Patera; extension; fault zones; faults; finite element analysis; grabens; high-resolution methods; instruments; Mars; Mars Global Surveyor Program; models; MOLA; planetology; planets; statistical analysis; systems; terrestrial planets; Tharsis; topography; uplifts; volcanoes DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000JE001314 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Magnetic field of Mars; summary of results from the aerobraking and mapping orbits AN - 50155516; 2003-052239 AB - The Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) Magnetic Field Investigation was designed to provide fast vector measurements of the ambient magnetic field in the near-Mars environment and over a wide dynamic range. The fundamental objectives of this investigation were to (1) establish the nature of the magnetic field of Mars; (2) develop appropriate models for its representation; and (3) map the Martian crustal remanent field (if one existed) to a resolution consistent with the spacecraft orbit altitude and ground track separation. Important and complementary objectives were the study of the interaction of Mars with the solar wind and of its ionosphere. The instrumentation is a synergistic combination of a twin-triaxial, fluxgate magnetometer system and an electron reflectometer. The twin-magnetometer system allows the real-time detection of spacecraft-generated fields, while the electron reflectometer adds remote magnetic field sensing capabilities as well as information about the local electron population. After Mars orbit injection in September 1997 and through the aerobraking (AB) and science-phasing orbits (SPO) that followed, observations were acquired from more than 1000 elliptical orbits with periapses ranging from 85 to 170 km above Mars' surface. Following injection into the final approximately 400 km altitude circular-mapping orbit, data have been acquired from more than 6000 orbits in the fixed 0200-1400 local time plane. Major results obtained so far by the Magnetometer/Electron Reflectometer (MAG/ER) investigation in the course of the mission include (1) the determination that Mars does not currently possess a magnetic field of internal origin (dynamo), (2) the discovery of linear, strongly magnetized regions in its crust, closely associated with the ancient, cratered terrain of the highlands in the southern hemisphere, and (3) multiple magnetic "cusps" that connect the crustal magnetic sources to the Martian tail and shocked solar wind plasma. The solar wind interaction with Mars is therefore similar in many ways to that at Venus and at an active comet, primarily an ionospheric/atmospheric interaction. A comet-like "magnetic pileup" region and boundary develop that stand off the solar wind, and mass loading by pickup ions of planetary origin plays an important role in defining interaction regions and overall geometry. This paper focuses primarily on the results obtained by the magnetometer (MAG) portion of the investigation during the MGS aerobraking, science-phasing, and mapping orbits. A companion paper on this issue summarizes the results obtained from the Electron Reflectometer (ER) sensor. Copyright 2001 by the American Geophysical Union. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Acuna, M H AU - Connerney, J E P AU - Wasilewski, P AU - Lin, R P AU - Mitchell, D L AU - Anderson, K A AU - Carlson, C W AU - McFadden, J AU - Reme, H AU - Mazelle, C AU - Vignes, D AU - Bauer, S J AU - Cloutier, P A AU - Ness, N F AU - Albee, Arden L Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - October 2001 SP - 23 EP - 23,417 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 106 IS - E10 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - altitude KW - dynamos KW - magnetization KW - Mars KW - mapping KW - magnetometers KW - magnetic field KW - terrestrial planets KW - models KW - planets KW - remanent magnetization KW - Mars Global Surveyor Program KW - planetology KW - aerobraking KW - instruments KW - crust KW - 04:Extraterrestrial geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50155516?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=Magnetic+field+of+Mars%3B+summary+of+results+from+the+aerobraking+and+mapping+orbits&rft.au=Acuna%2C+M+H%3BConnerney%2C+J+E+P%3BWasilewski%2C+P%3BLin%2C+R+P%3BMitchell%2C+D+L%3BAnderson%2C+K+A%3BCarlson%2C+C+W%3BMcFadden%2C+J%3BReme%2C+H%3BMazelle%2C+C%3BVignes%2C+D%3BBauer%2C+S+J%3BCloutier%2C+P+A%3BNess%2C+N+F%3BAlbee%2C+Arden+L&rft.aulast=Acuna&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=E10&rft.spage=23&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2000JE001404 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2003-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 38 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aerobraking; altitude; crust; dynamos; instruments; magnetic field; magnetization; magnetometers; mapping; Mars; Mars Global Surveyor Program; models; planetology; planets; remanent magnetization; terrestrial planets DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000JE001404 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mars' "White Rock" feature lacks evidence of an aqueous origin; results from Mars Global Surveyor AN - 50155277; 2003-052257 AB - The "White Rock" feature on Mars has long been viewed as a type example for a Martian playa largely because of its apparent high albedo along with its location in a topographic basin (a crater). Data from the Mars Global Surveyor Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) demonstrate that White Rock is not anomalously bright relative to other Martian bright regions, reducing the significance of its albedo and weakening the analogy to terrestrial playas. Its thermal inertia value indicates that it is not mantled by a layer of loose dust, nor is it bedrock. The thermal infrared spectrum of White Rock shows no obvious features of carbonates or sulfates and is, in fact, spectrally flat. Images from the Mars Orbiter Camera show that the White Rock massifs are consolidated enough to retain slopes and allow the passage of saltating grains over their surfaces. Material appears to be shed from the massifs and is concentrated at the crests of nearby bedforms. One explanation for these observations is that White Rock is an eroded accumulation of compacted or weakly cemented aeolian sediment. Copyright 2001 by the American Geophysical Union. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Ruff, Steven W AU - Christensen, Philip R AU - Clark, Roger N AU - Kieffer, Hugh H AU - Malin, Michael C AU - Bandfield, Joshua L AU - Jakosky, Bruce M AU - Lane, Melissa D AU - Mellon, Michael T AU - Presley, Marsha A AU - Albee, Arden L Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - October 2001 SP - 23 EP - 23,927 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 106 IS - E10 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - albedo KW - imagery KW - thermal inertia KW - playas KW - Mars KW - landforms KW - terrestrial planets KW - genesis KW - planets KW - Mariner 9 KW - evaporation KW - mineral composition KW - Mariner Program KW - Thermal Emission Spectrometer KW - surface features KW - Mars Global Surveyor Program KW - planetology KW - White Rock KW - TES KW - 04:Extraterrestrial geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50155277?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=Mars%27+%22White+Rock%22+feature+lacks+evidence+of+an+aqueous+origin%3B+results+from+Mars+Global+Surveyor&rft.au=Ruff%2C+Steven+W%3BChristensen%2C+Philip+R%3BClark%2C+Roger+N%3BKieffer%2C+Hugh+H%3BMalin%2C+Michael+C%3BBandfield%2C+Joshua+L%3BJakosky%2C+Bruce+M%3BLane%2C+Melissa+D%3BMellon%2C+Michael+T%3BPresley%2C+Marsha+A%3BAlbee%2C+Arden+L&rft.aulast=Ruff&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=E10&rft.spage=23&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2000JE001329 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2003-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 31 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - albedo; evaporation; genesis; imagery; landforms; Mariner 9; Mariner Program; Mars; Mars Global Surveyor Program; mineral composition; planetology; planets; playas; surface features; terrestrial planets; TES; Thermal Emission Spectrometer; thermal inertia; White Rock DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000JE001329 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mars Global Surveyor Thermal Emission Spectrometer experiment; investigation description and surface science results AN - 50155219; 2003-052253 AB - The Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) investigation on Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) is aimed at determining (1) the composition of surface minerals, rocks, and ices; (2) the temperature and dynamics of the atmosphere; (3) the properties of the atmospheric aerosols and clouds; (4) the nature of the polar regions; and (5) the thermophysical properties of the surface materials. These objectives are met using an infrared (5.8- to 50-mu m) interferometric spectrometer, along with broadband thermal (5.1- to 150-mu m) and visible/near-IR (0.3- to 2.9-mu m) radiometers. The MGS TES instrument weighs 14.47 kg, consumes 10.6 W when operating, and is 23.6 X 35.5 X 40.0 cm in size. The TES data are calibrated to a 1-sigma precision of 2.5 (super -6) X 10 (super -8) W cm (super -2) sr (super -1) /cm (super -1) , 1.6 X 10 (super -6) W cm (super -2) sr (super -1) , and approximately 0.5 K in the spectrometer, visible/near-IR bolometer, and IR bolometer, respectively. These instrument subsections are calibrated to an absolute accuracy of approximately 4 X 10 (super -8) W cm (super -2) sr (super -1) /cm (super -1) (0.5 K at 280 K), 1-2%, and approximately 1-2 K, respectively. Global mapping of surface mineralogy at a spatial resolution of 3 km has shown the following: (1) The mineralogic composition of dark regions varies from basaltic, primarily plagioclase feldspar and clinopyroxene, in the ancient, southern highlands to andesitic, dominated by plagioclase feldspar and volcanic glass, in the younger northern plains. (2) Aqueous mineralization has produced gray, crystalline hematite in limited regions under ambient or hydrothermal conditions; these deposits are interpreted to be in-place sedimentary rock formations and indicate that liquid water was stable near the surface for a long period of time. (3) There is no evidence for large-scale (tens of kilometers) occurrences of moderate-grained (>50-mu m) carbonates exposed at the surface at a detection limit of approximately 10%. (4) Unweathered volcanic minerals dominate the spectral properties of dark regions, and weathering products, such as clays, have not been observed anywhere above a detection limit of approximately 10%; this lack of evidence for chemical weathering indicates a geologic history dominated by a cold, dry climate in which mechanical, rather than chemical, weathering was the significant form of erosion and sediment production. (5) There is no conclusive evidence for sulfate minerals at a detection limit of approximately 15%. The polar region has been studied with the following major conclusions: (1) Condensed CO (sub 2) has three distinct end-members, from fine-grained crystals to slab ice. (2) The growth and retreat of the polar caps observed by MGS is virtually the same as observed by Viking 12 Martian years ago. (3) Unique regions have been identified that appear to differ primarily in the grain size of CO (sub 2) ; one south polar region appears to remain as black slab CO (sub 2) ice throughout its sublimation. (4) Regional atmospheric dust is common in localized and regional dust storms around the margin and interior of the southern cap. Analysis of the thermophysical properties of the surface shows that (1) the spatial pattern of albedo has changed since Viking observations, (2) a unique cluster of surface materials with intermediate inertia and albedo occurs that is distinct from the previously identified low-inertia/bright and high-inertia/dark surfaces, and (3) localized patches of high-inertia material have been found in topographic lows and may have been formed by a unique set of aeolian, fluvial, or erosional processes or may be exposed bedrock. Copyright 2001 by the American Geophysical Union. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Christensen, Philip R AU - Bandfield, Joshua L AU - Hamilton, V E AU - Ruff, Steven W AU - Kieffer, Hugh H AU - Titus, Timothy N AU - Malin, Michael C AU - Morris, R V AU - Lane, Melissa D AU - Clark, R L AU - Jakosky, Bruce M AU - Mellon, Michael T AU - Pearl, John C AU - Conrath, Barney J AU - Smith, Michael D AU - Clancy, R T AU - Kuzmin, R O AU - Roush, T AU - Mehall, G L AU - Gorelick, Noel AU - Bender, K AU - Murray, K AU - Dason, S AU - Greene, E AU - Silverman, S AU - Greenfield, M AU - Albee, Arden L Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - October 2001 SP - 23 EP - 23,871 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 106 IS - E10 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - Mars KW - mapping KW - mineral composition KW - Thermal Emission Spectrometer KW - surface features KW - sediments KW - composition KW - rocks KW - TES KW - clouds KW - experimental studies KW - clastic sediments KW - surface rocks KW - atmosphere KW - distribution KW - terrestrial planets KW - planets KW - volatiles KW - atmospheric dynamics KW - dust KW - Mars Global Surveyor Program KW - planetology KW - aerosols KW - minerals KW - instruments KW - 04:Extraterrestrial geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50155219?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=Mars+Global+Surveyor+Thermal+Emission+Spectrometer+experiment%3B+investigation+description+and+surface+science+results&rft.au=Christensen%2C+Philip+R%3BBandfield%2C+Joshua+L%3BHamilton%2C+V+E%3BRuff%2C+Steven+W%3BKieffer%2C+Hugh+H%3BTitus%2C+Timothy+N%3BMalin%2C+Michael+C%3BMorris%2C+R+V%3BLane%2C+Melissa+D%3BClark%2C+R+L%3BJakosky%2C+Bruce+M%3BMellon%2C+Michael+T%3BPearl%2C+John+C%3BConrath%2C+Barney+J%3BSmith%2C+Michael+D%3BClancy%2C+R+T%3BKuzmin%2C+R+O%3BRoush%2C+T%3BMehall%2C+G+L%3BGorelick%2C+Noel%3BBender%2C+K%3BMurray%2C+K%3BDason%2C+S%3BGreene%2C+E%3BSilverman%2C+S%3BGreenfield%2C+M%3BAlbee%2C+Arden+L&rft.aulast=Christensen&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=338&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Astrobiology&rft.issn=15311074&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2003-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 144 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables N1 - SuppNotes - Includes appendices N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aerosols; atmosphere; atmospheric dynamics; clastic sediments; clouds; composition; distribution; dust; experimental studies; instruments; mapping; Mars; Mars Global Surveyor Program; mineral composition; minerals; planetology; planets; rocks; sediments; surface features; surface rocks; terrestrial planets; TES; Thermal Emission Spectrometer; volatiles DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000JE001370 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Density structure of the upper thermosphere of Mars from measurements of air drag on the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft AN - 50155051; 2003-052259 AB - We present measurements of the density of the Martian atmosphere between 170- and 180-km altitude above the high northern latitudes over a 6-month period in 1998, when the solar cycle was beginning to rise out of its activity minimum. These measurements were made from the observed orbital decay of the Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) spacecraft during its Science Phasing Orbits (SPO) (April to September 1998) using X band Doppler tracking observations. The densities that we retrieve are comparable to model values given by Culp and Stewart [1984], Stewart [1987], Mars-GRAM 3.7 [Justus et al., 1996], and recent Mars Thermospheric Global Circulation Model (MTGCM) simulations [Bougher et al., 2000]. However, the SPO period can be divided into two time periods (separated at L (sub s ) nearly equal 355 degrees approximately 0 degrees ) that are characterized by significantly different orbit-to-orbit variability that is not predicted by these earlier models. The first time period corresponds to the time during which the MGS orbit perifocus moved toward the north pole while the local solar time was 1000-1100; during this period, orbit-to-orbit variability is 50-70%, and our average measured density at 175 km is 0.018 + or - 0.007 kg km (super -3) (between 67 degrees and 72 degrees N and L (sub s ) =315 degrees to 320 degrees ). The second time period corresponds to the time during which the orbit perifocus moved south from the north pole and the local time was 1700-1730; during this period, orbit-to-orbit variability is 40-20%, and our average measured density at 175 km is 0.024 + or - 0.004 kg km (super -3) (between 62 degrees and 69 degrees N and L (sub s ) =17 degrees to 28 degrees ). For both time periods the observed latitudinal gradient of density on a constant altitude surface exhibited a factor of 3-4 decrease between 60 degrees and 90 degrees N. This gradient is comparable to that expected by the polar vortex (high-latitude wind) effect modeled by the MTGCM for solar medium conditions at southern summer solstice [Bougher et al., 2000]. A southern hemisphere dust storm that the MGS Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) observed at L (sub s ) =309 degrees is distinguishable in our data set as a 100% rise in density at 180 km above the 70 degrees northern latitudes 7 days later (L (sub s ) =313 degrees ). Copyright 2001 by the American Geophysical Union. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Tracadas, Philip W AU - Zuber, Maria T AU - Smith, David E AU - Lemoine, Frank G AU - Albee, Arden L Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - October 2001 SP - 23 EP - 23,357 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 106 IS - E10 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - density KW - atmosphere KW - Mars KW - measurement KW - terrestrial planets KW - planets KW - thermosphere KW - Thermal Emission Spectrometer KW - Mars Global Surveyor Program KW - solar cycles KW - air KW - instruments KW - TES KW - 04:Extraterrestrial geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50155051?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=Density+structure+of+the+upper+thermosphere+of+Mars+from+measurements+of+air+drag+on+the+Mars+Global+Surveyor+spacecraft&rft.au=Tracadas%2C+Philip+W%3BZuber%2C+Maria+T%3BSmith%2C+David+E%3BLemoine%2C+Frank+G%3BAlbee%2C+Arden+L&rft.aulast=Tracadas&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=E10&rft.spage=23&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2000JE001418 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2003-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 32 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - air; atmosphere; density; instruments; Mars; Mars Global Surveyor Program; measurement; planets; solar cycles; terrestrial planets; TES; Thermal Emission Spectrometer; thermosphere DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000JE001418 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Probing Mars' crustal magnetic field and ionosphere with the MGS electron reflectometer AN - 50154599; 2003-052240 AB - The Electron Reflectometer (ER) on board Mars Global Surveyor measures the energy and angular distributions of solar wind electrons and ionospheric photoelectrons. These data can be used in conjunction with magnetometer data to probe Mars' crustal magnetic field and to study Mars' ionosphere and solar wind interaction. During aerobraking, ionospheric measurements were obtained in the northern hemisphere at high solar zenith angles (SZAs, typically approximately 78 degrees ). The ionopause was crossed at altitudes ranging from 180 km to over 800 km, with a median of 380 km. The 400-km-altitude polar mapping orbit allows observations at SZAs from 25 degrees to 155 degrees in both the northern and southern hemispheres. The near-planet ionosphere and magnetotail structure of the night hemisphere is dominated by the presence of intense crustal magnetic fields, which can exceed 200 nT at the spacecraft altitude. Closed field lines anchored to highly elongated crustal sources form "magnetic cylinders," which exclude solar wind plasma traveling up the magnetotail. When the spacecraft passes through one of these structures, the ER count rate falls to the instrumental background, representing an electron flux drop of at least two orders of magnitude. A map of these flux dropouts in longitude and latitude closely resembles a map of the crustal magnetic sources. When the crustal magnetic cylinders rotate into sunlight, they fill with ionospheric plasma. Since many of these crustal fields are locally strong enough to stand off the solar wind to altitudes well above 400 km, the ionosphere can extend much higher than would otherwise be possible in the absence of crustal fields. Even weak crustal fields may locally bias the median ionopause altitude, which provides an indirect method of detecting crustal fields using ER observations. Copyright 2001 by the American Geophysical Union. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Mitchell, D L AU - Lin, R P AU - Mazelle, C AU - Reme, H AU - Cloutier, P A AU - Connerney, J E P AU - Acuna, M H AU - Ness, N F AU - Albee, Arden L Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - October 2001 SP - 23 EP - 23,427 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 106 IS - E10 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - ionosphere KW - electron reflectometer KW - polar regions KW - altitude KW - Mars KW - mapping KW - magnetometers KW - magnetic field KW - geometry KW - terrestrial planets KW - planets KW - Mars Global Surveyor Program KW - planetology KW - aerobraking KW - instruments KW - crust KW - 04:Extraterrestrial geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50154599?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=Probing+Mars%27+crustal+magnetic+field+and+ionosphere+with+the+MGS+electron+reflectometer&rft.au=Mitchell%2C+D+L%3BLin%2C+R+P%3BMazelle%2C+C%3BReme%2C+H%3BCloutier%2C+P+A%3BConnerney%2C+J+E+P%3BAcuna%2C+M+H%3BNess%2C+N+F%3BAlbee%2C+Arden+L&rft.aulast=Mitchell&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=E10&rft.spage=23&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2000JE001435 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2003-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 19 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aerobraking; altitude; crust; electron reflectometer; geometry; instruments; ionosphere; magnetic field; magnetometers; mapping; Mars; Mars Global Surveyor Program; planetology; planets; polar regions; terrestrial planets DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000JE001435 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Thermal Emission Spectrometer results; Mars atmospheric thermal structure and aerosol distribution AN - 50153909; 2003-052258 AB - Infrared spectra returned by the Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) are well suited for retrieval of the thermal structure and the distribution of aerosols in the Martian atmosphere. Combined nadir- and limb-viewing spectra allow global monitoring of the atmosphere up to 0.01 mbar (65 km). We report here on the atmospheric thermal structure and the distribution of aerosols as observed thus far during the mapping phase of the Mars Global Surveyor mission. Zonal and temporal mean cross sections are used to examine the seasonal evolution of atmospheric temperatures and zonal winds during a period extending from northern hemisphere midsummer through vernal equinox (L (sub s ) = 104 degrees -360 degrees ). Temperature maps at selected pressure levels provide a characterization of planetary-scale waves. Retrieved atmospheric infrared dust opacity maps show the formation and evolution of regional dust storms during southern hemisphere summer. Response of the atmospheric thermal structure to the changing dust loading is observed. Maps of water-ice clouds as viewed in the thermal infrared are presented along with seasonal trends of infrared water-ice opacity. Uses of these observations for diagnostic studies of the dynamics of the atmosphere are discussed. Copyright 2001 by the American Geophysical Union. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Smith, Michael D AU - Pearl, John C AU - Conrath, Barney J AU - Christensen, Philip R AU - Albee, Arden L Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - October 2001 SP - 23 EP - 23,945 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 106 IS - E10 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - clastic sediments KW - atmosphere KW - Mars KW - mapping KW - distribution KW - size KW - infrared spectra KW - terrestrial planets KW - spatial distribution KW - planets KW - dust KW - Thermal Emission Spectrometer KW - sediments KW - Mars Global Surveyor Program KW - composition KW - planetology KW - aerosols KW - spectra KW - seasonal variations KW - particles KW - instruments KW - TES KW - 04:Extraterrestrial geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50153909?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=Thermal+Emission+Spectrometer+results%3B+Mars+atmospheric+thermal+structure+and+aerosol+distribution&rft.au=Smith%2C+Michael+D%3BPearl%2C+John+C%3BConrath%2C+Barney+J%3BChristensen%2C+Philip+R%3BAlbee%2C+Arden+L&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=E10&rft.spage=23&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2000JE001321 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2003-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 30 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aerosols; atmosphere; clastic sediments; composition; distribution; dust; infrared spectra; instruments; mapping; Mars; Mars Global Surveyor Program; particles; planetology; planets; seasonal variations; sediments; size; spatial distribution; spectra; terrestrial planets; TES; Thermal Emission Spectrometer DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000JE001321 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An improved solution of the gravity field of Mars (GMM-2B) from Mars Global Surveyor AN - 50153882; 2003-052237 AB - A spherical harmonic solution of the Mars gravity field to degree and order 80, Goddard Mars Model 2B (GMM-2B), has been developed using X band tracking data of Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) from October 1997 to February 2000 and altimeter crossovers formed from the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) data between March and December 1999. During the mapping mission, MGS was located in a near-polar (92.9 degrees inclination) and near-circular orbit at a mean altitude of 400 km. The tracking data from this orbit provide a detailed, global, and high resolution view of the gravity field of Mars. Mars gravity solutions are stable to 60 X 60 even without application of a Kaula power law constraint. The Valles Marineris is resolved distinctly with lows reaching -450 mGals. Olympus Mons and its aureole are both separately resolved, and the volcano has a peak anomaly of 2950 mGals. The global correlation of the GMM-2B gravity coefficients with MOLA-derived topography is 0.78 through degree 60, and the correlation remains above 0.6 through degree 62. The global gravity anomaly error predicted from the GMM-2B error covariance through 60 X 60 is 11 mGal. The global geoid error from GMM-2B through 60 X 60 is 1.8 m. MGS orbit quality using GMM-2B, as measured by overlapping orbital arcs, is 1 m in the radial direction and 10 m in total position. Copyright 2001 by the American Geophysical Union. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Lemoine, Frank G AU - Smith, David E AU - Rowlands, David D AU - Zuber, Maria T AU - Neumann, Gregory A AU - Chinn, D S AU - Pavlis, D E AU - Albee, Arden L Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - October 2001 SP - 23 EP - 23,376 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 106 IS - E10 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - polar regions KW - angular momentum KW - Mars KW - mapping KW - altimetry KW - terrestrial planets KW - spherical harmonic analysis KW - models KW - planets KW - gravity anomalies KW - gravity field KW - orbit modeling KW - Mars Global Surveyor Program KW - planetology KW - MOLA KW - instruments KW - 04:Extraterrestrial geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50153882?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=An+improved+solution+of+the+gravity+field+of+Mars+%28GMM-2B%29+from+Mars+Global+Surveyor&rft.au=Lemoine%2C+Frank+G%3BSmith%2C+David+E%3BRowlands%2C+David+D%3BZuber%2C+Maria+T%3BNeumann%2C+Gregory+A%3BChinn%2C+D+S%3BPavlis%2C+D+E%3BAlbee%2C+Arden+L&rft.aulast=Lemoine&rft.aufirst=Frank&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=E10&rft.spage=23&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2000JE001426 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2003-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 55 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 8 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - altimetry; angular momentum; gravity anomalies; gravity field; instruments; mapping; Mars; Mars Global Surveyor Program; models; MOLA; orbit modeling; planetology; planets; polar regions; spherical harmonic analysis; terrestrial planets DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000JE001426 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Crossover analysis of Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter data AN - 50153756; 2003-052250 AB - In its first 15 months of continuous operation, the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) instrument aboard Mars Global Surveyor ranged to Mars over 330 million times, generating more than 5000 orbital profiles, with a ranging precision of 0.4 m over smooth terrain. The accuracy of the profiles depends on knowledge of the spacecraft position, orientation, and observation time, which are subject to errors. We model these errors via the analysis of over 24 million altimetric crossovers. A quasiperiodic, once per revolution adjustment of the ground tracks as a function of time in three locally orthogonal directions minimizes the altimetric residuals via least-squares. Using a sparse matrix technique, computational effort scales linearly with the number of crossovers and only marginally with the number of parameters. Orbital errors mainly result from poor modeling of spacecraft thrusting events in the absence of tracking. Seasonal effects, likely due to changing thermal environment, as well as residual miscalibrations, are evident in the pointing solutions. Incorporating multiple parameters per revolution significantly improves crossover residuals, and resolves pointing aberrations during orbital transitions from night to day. Altimetry from the adjusted tracks generates a topographic model whose accuracy is typically better than l m vertically with respect to the center of mass of Mars. The centroid position of each MOLA shot is typically accurate to approximately 100 m horizontally. Terrain models from accurately located lidar data can be gradient-shaded to illuminate geological structures with 1 in 1000 slopes that are invisible to cameras. Temporal changes in elevation (e.g., frost deposition/ablation) at decimeter levels may also be assessed using crossovers, but results must be interpreted with caution due to uncertainties in range walk correction. Copyright 2001 by the American Geophysical Union. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Neumann, Gregory A AU - Rowlands, David D AU - Lemoine, Frank G AU - Smith, David E AU - Zuber, Maria T AU - Albee, Arden L Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - October 2001 SP - 23 EP - 23,768 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 106 IS - E10 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - clouds KW - orientation KW - precision KW - elevation KW - Mars KW - calibration KW - terrestrial planets KW - models KW - planets KW - topography KW - terrains KW - surface features KW - Mars Global Surveyor Program KW - planetology KW - MOLA KW - accuracy KW - instruments KW - 04:Extraterrestrial geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50153756?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=Crossover+analysis+of+Mars+Orbiter+Laser+Altimeter+data&rft.au=Neumann%2C+Gregory+A%3BRowlands%2C+David+D%3BLemoine%2C+Frank+G%3BSmith%2C+David+E%3BZuber%2C+Maria+T%3BAlbee%2C+Arden+L&rft.aulast=Neumann&rft.aufirst=Gregory&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=E10&rft.spage=23&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2000JE001381 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2003-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 42 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - accuracy; calibration; clouds; elevation; instruments; Mars; Mars Global Surveyor Program; models; MOLA; orientation; planetology; planets; precision; surface features; terrains; terrestrial planets; topography DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000JE001381 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Doppler cloud radar derived drop size distributions in liquid water stratus clouds AN - 26694996; 0586822 (EN); A02-21496 (AH) AB - A cloud particle size retrieval algorithm that uses radar reflectivity factor and Doppler velocity obtained by a 35-GHz Doppler radar and liquid water path estimated from microwave radiometer radiance measurements is developed to infer the size distribution of stratus cloud particles. Assuming a constant, but unknown, number concentration with height, the algorithm retrieves the number concentration and vertical profiles of liquid water content and particle effective radius. A novel aspect of the retrieval is that it depends upon an estimated particle median radius vertical profile that is derived from a statistical model that relates size to variations in particle vertical velocity; the model posits that the median particle radius is proportional to the fourth root of the particle velocity variance if the radii of particles in a parcel of zero vertical velocity is neglected. The performance of the retrieval is evaluated using data from two stratus case study days 1.5 and 8.0 h in temporal extent. Aircraft in situ microphysical measurements were available on one of the two days, and the retrieved number concentrations and effective radii are consistent with them. The retrieved liquid water content and effective radius increase with height for both stratus cases, which agree with earlier studies. Error analyses suggest that the error in the liquid water content vanishes, and the magnitudes of the fractional error in the effective radius and shortwave extinction coefficient computed from retrieved cloud particle size distributions are half of the magnitudes of the fractional error in the estimated cloud particle median radius if the fractional error in the median radius is constant with height. (Author) JF - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences AU - Kato, S AU - Mace, G G AU - Clothiaux, E E AU - Liljegren, J C AU - Austin, R T AD - NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, United States PY - 2001 SP - 2895 EP - 2911 PB - American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St , Boston, MA, 02108, USA, [mailto:amsinfo@ametsoc.org], [URL:http://www.ametsoc.org/ams] VL - 58 IS - 19 SN - 0022-4928, 0022-4928 KW - Environmental Engineering (EN); Aerospace & High Technology (AH) KW - DROP SIZE KW - SIZE DISTRIBUTION KW - DOPPLER RADAR KW - STRATUS CLOUDS KW - CLOUD PHYSICS KW - NEPHANALYSIS KW - METEOROLOGICAL RADAR KW - ABSORPTIVITY KW - INFRARED ABSORPTION KW - Article KW - EE 944.7:Radiation Measuring Instruments KW - EE 716.2:Radar Systems and Equipment KW - EE 711.1:Electromagnetic Waves in Different Media KW - EE 943.3:Special Purpose Instruments KW - EE 714:Electronic Components and Tubes (EN) KW - EE 443:Meteorology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/26694996?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Atmospheric+Sciences&rft.atitle=Doppler+cloud+radar+derived+drop+size+distributions+in+liquid+water+stratus+clouds&rft.au=Kato%2C+S%3BMace%2C+G+G%3BClothiaux%2C+E+E%3BLiljegren%2C+J+C%3BAustin%2C+R+T&rft.aulast=Kato&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=19&rft.spage=2895&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Atmospheric+Sciences&rft.issn=00224928&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2002-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-11 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Glaciological applications with Landsat-7 imagery: Early assessments AN - 18338959; 5241025 AB - Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) data from Landsat-7 are providing glaciologists with an ever-expanding data set that makes a comprehensive monitoring of the global cryosphere feasible for the first time in history. Examples of ETM+ data illustrate its ability to satisfy major scientific needs in the glaciological subdisciplines of sea-ice, glacier, ice-cap, and ice-sheet research with high-resolution optical satellite imagery. Examples shown include use as proxy ground-truth, positioning glacier termini and snowlines, and determining snow facies boundaries. The additional ETM+ panchromatic band, at a higher spatial resolution of 15 m, improves the spatial accuracy of these applications. The glaciological aspects of the Landsat-7 Long-Term Acquisition Plan are discussed to show how the timing and location of the image acquisitions will generate a cryospheric data set of unprecedented utility for future research. JF - Remote Sensing of Environment AU - Bindschadler, R AU - Dowdeswell, J AU - Hall, D AU - Winther, J-G AD - Oceans and Ice Branch, Laboratory for Hydrospheric Processes, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA, bob@igloo.gsfc.nasa.gov Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - Oct 2001 SP - 163 EP - 179 VL - 78 IS - 1-2 SN - 0034-4257, 0034-4257 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Remote Sensing KW - Satellite Technology KW - Cryology KW - Ice Cover KW - U.S. satellite, LANDSAT KW - Satellite investigation of glaciers KW - Glaciology KW - Snow Cover KW - M2 551.32:E. Glaciology (551.32) KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - M2 551.501.86:Use of satellite-borne instruments (551.501.86) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18338959?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.atitle=Glaciological+applications+with+Landsat-7+imagery%3A+Early+assessments&rft.au=Bindschadler%2C+R%3BDowdeswell%2C+J%3BHall%2C+D%3BWinther%2C+J-G&rft.aulast=Bindschadler&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=163&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.issn=00344257&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Special Issue: Landsat 7. N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - U.S. satellite, LANDSAT; Satellite investigation of glaciers; Remote Sensing; Cryology; Satellite Technology; Ice Cover; Snow Cover; Glaciology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Global Snow Cover Monitoring With Spaceborne K sub(u)-band Scatterometer AN - 18224413; 5292879 AB - This paper presents a study to demonstrate the potential of a spaceborne K sub(u)-band scatterometer to monitor global snow cover. Global K sub(u)-band data were acquired by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Scatterometer (NSCAT) operated on the Advanced Earth Observing Satellite (ADEOS) from September 1996 to June 1997. NSCAT backscatter patterns over the northern hemisphere reveals boundaries between different snow classes, defined by the Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (CRREL), Hanover, NH, snow classification system at different times of the snow season. We show the evolution-of the backscatter signature throughout the entire seasonal snow cycle. Within the snow extent determined by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Washington, DC, and Climate Prediction Center (CPC), operational snow product, K sub(u)-band backscatter data expose detailed features and rapid changes as observed in in-situ snow depth data from surface weather stations in U.S., Canada, and Russia. Sensitivity of K sub(u)-band backscatter to snow conditions is illustrated with the dramatic change over the U.S. northern plains and the Canadian prairie region corresponding to the snow event leading to the 1997 Flood of the Century. We discuss snow field experiments and data analysis plan to understand snow scattering mechanisms, to interpret snow backscatter, and to derive its relationship with snow physical parameters. In view of current and future satellite K sub(u)-band scatterometers, the development of algorithms for quantitative snow cover monitoring is pertinent. JF - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing AU - Nghiem, S V AU - Tsai, Wu-Yang AD - Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA, nghiem@solar.jpl.nasa.gov Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - Oct 2001 SP - 2118 EP - 2134 VL - 39 IS - 10 SN - 0196-2892, 0196-2892 KW - National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Scatterometer (NSCAT) KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Canada, Prairie Prov. KW - Remote Sensing KW - Weather KW - Satellite Technology KW - Satellite investigation of snow cover KW - Snow Cover KW - Snow cover classification KW - Scattering by snow KW - USA, Great Plains KW - Climatic Data KW - Satellite scatterometer techniques KW - Russia KW - M2 551.578.46:Snow cover (including depth, temperature and density) KW - M2 551.321.7:Methods of measuring properties of snow cover. Snow survey equipment KW - M2 551.501.86:Use of satellite-borne instruments (551.501.86) KW - SW 0820:Snow, ice and frost UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18224413?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IEEE+Transactions+on+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing&rft.atitle=Global+Snow+Cover+Monitoring+With+Spaceborne+K+sub%28u%29-band+Scatterometer&rft.au=Nghiem%2C+S+V%3BTsai%2C+Wu-Yang&rft.aulast=Nghiem&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=2118&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=IEEE+Transactions+on+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing&rft.issn=01962892&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Satellite investigation of snow cover; Satellite scatterometer techniques; Snow cover classification; Scattering by snow; Remote Sensing; Satellite Technology; Weather; Climatic Data; Snow Cover; Canada, Prairie Prov.; USA, Great Plains; Russia ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Study of Multi-Polarization C-Band Backscatter Signatures for Arctic Sea Ice Mapping with Future Satellite SAR AN - 1665489894; 5293278 AB - The Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar (ASAR) is scheduled for launch on the ENVISAT satellite in 2001. ASAR will be operated at C band with multiple polarizations and multiple incidence angles. To evaluate the use of future ASAR data for Arctic sea ice mapping, we carry out a study of multiple polarization C-band SAR signatures of various sea ice types. We present polarimetric SAR data acquired over sea ice acquired by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) polarimetric AIRSAR system on the NASA DC-8 aircraft over sea ice regions in the Beaufort Sea and the Bering Sea. We use a physical sea ice model to obtain and study polarimetric scattering signatures of sea ice under various conditions. We also compare sea ice signatures with backscatter of ocean surface at different wind speeds using an empirical C-band ocean wind geophysical model function. We present backscatter signatures for ENVISAT ASAR single polarization modes and alternating polarization modes over all swaths. We find that different polarization combinations in various ENVISAT ASAR image modes at different incidence angle ranges need to be selected to obtain more accurate or more robust results for sea ice mapping. In the wide swath mode, ENVISAT ASAR polarization can be chosen to measure either horizontal or vertical backscatter exclusively. For light wind conditions near a sea ice edge, horizontal backscatter is better to distinguish between first-year ice (excluding young ice) and open ocean surface at large incidence angles. For high winds, vertical backscatter is better in identifying most sea ice types (except multi-year ice at large incidence angles) from open water over a large range of incidence angles. We also investigate diurnal effects to determine the impact on sea ice backscatter acquired at different times of the day. Results show that diurnal effects on first-year ice are significant so that SAR data collected over sun-synchronous ascending orbits and descending orbits in daytimes and nighttimes need to be analyzed separately to obtain consistent sea ice mapping results. This study also provides useful information for the application of the future RADARSAT-2 multi-polarization SAR to sea ice mapping.Original Abstract: Le capteur radar ASAR (Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar) est prevu pour lancement sur le satellite ENVISAT en 2001. Le capteur ASAR utilisera la bande C avec des polarisations multiples et des angles d'incidence multiples. Pour evaluer l'utilisation des donnees futures ASAR dans le contexte de la cartographie de la glace de mer en Arctique, nous menons une etude des signatures multi-polarisations RSO en bande C de differents types de glace de mer. Nous presentons des donnees polarimetriques RSO acquises au-dessus de glace de mer au moyen du systeme polarimetrique AIRSAR du JPL (Jet Propulsion Laboratory) a bord de l'appareil DC-8 de la NASA au-dessus de regions recouvertes de glace de mer dans la mer de Beaufort et de Bering. Nous utilisons un modele physique de glace de mer pour obtenir et etudier les signatures de retrodiffusion polarimetrique de la glace de mer dans des conditions diverses. Nous comparons egalement les signatures de la glace de mer avec la retrodiffusion de la surface oceanique selon differentes velocites de vent utilisant une fonction empirique d'un modele geophysique de vent oceanique en bande C. Nous presentons des signatures de retrodiffusion ASAR d'ENVISAT pour les modes en polarisation simple et les modes en polarisation alternante a travers tous les faisceaux. Nous observons qu'il est necessaire de selectionner differentes combinaisons de polarisations dans differents modes image ASAR d'ENVISAT selon differents angles d'incidence pour obtenir des resultats plus precis ou plus robustes dans le contexte de la cartographie de la glace de mer. Dans le cas du mode a faisceau large, on peut choisir la polarisation ASAR d'ENVISAT pour mesurer exclusivement soit la retrodiffusion horizontale ou verticale. Dans des conditions de vent leger pres d'une lisiere de glace de mer, la retrodiffusion horizontale est meilleure pour distinguer entre la glace de premiere annee (a l'exclusion de la jeune glace) et une surface oceanique libre a des grands angles d'incidence. Dans des conditions de vent fort, la retrodiffusion verticale est meilleure pour l'identification de la plupart des types de glace de mer (a l'exception de la glace de plusieurs annees a des grands angles d'incidence) relativement a l'eau libre pour une variete d'angles d'incidence. Nous etudions aussi les effets diurnes pour determiner leur impact sur la retrodiffusion de la glace de mer acquise a differentes heures du jour. Les resultats montrent que les effets diurnes sur la glace de premiere annee sont significatifs si bien que les donnees RSO acquises le jour et la nuit durant les orbites heliosynchrones ascendantes et descendantes doivent etre analysees separement pour obtenir des resultats coherents dans la cartographie de la glace de mer. Cette etude apporte aussi une information utile dans le contexte de l'application des donnees RSO RADARSAT-2 multi-polarisations a la cartographie de la glace de mer. JF - Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing/Journal Canadien de Teledetection AU - Nghiem, S V AU - Bertoia, C AD - Jet Propulsion Laboratory, MS 300-235 California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA, nghiem@solar.jpl.nasa.gov Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - Oct 2001 SP - 387 EP - 402 VL - 27 IS - 5 SN - 0703-8992, 0703-8992 KW - Arctic KW - ENVISAT KW - Polarimetri SAR data KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Oceanic Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Remote Sensing KW - Marine KW - PN, Arctic Ocean KW - Satellite Technology KW - Ocean-ice-atmosphere system KW - Backscatter KW - Ice properties KW - Diurnal Distribution KW - Polarization KW - Model Studies KW - Satellite sensing KW - Sea ice KW - Surface properties KW - Data Acquisition KW - Synthetic aperture radar KW - Sea Ice KW - Radar KW - Mapping KW - Data Interpretation KW - Data acquisition KW - Q2 09393:Remote geosensing KW - O 2090:Instruments/Methods KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - SW 0820:Snow, ice and frost UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1665489894?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Remote+Sensing%2FJournal+Canadien+de+Teledetection&rft.atitle=Study+of+Multi-Polarization+C-Band+Backscatter+Signatures+for+Arctic+Sea+Ice+Mapping+with+Future+Satellite+SAR&rft.au=Nghiem%2C+S+V%3BBertoia%2C+C&rft.aulast=Nghiem&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=387&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Journal+of+Remote+Sensing%2FJournal+Canadien+de+Teledetection&rft.issn=07038992&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Satellite sensing; Surface properties; Sea ice; Ocean-ice-atmosphere system; Backscatter; Synthetic aperture radar; Ice properties; Mapping; Polarization; Data acquisition; Remote Sensing; Satellite Technology; Data Acquisition; Radar; Sea Ice; Diurnal Distribution; Data Interpretation; Model Studies; PN, Arctic Ocean; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Improvements In Spaceborne Laser Altimeter Data Geolocation AN - 815538655; 13670094 AB - For many science applications of laser altimetry, the preciselocation of the point on the Earth's surface from which the laser energy reflects is required.The laser surface return geolocation is computed from the laser altimeter's range observation in combinationwith precise knowledge of spacecraft position, instrument tracking points referenced to thespacecraft center of mass, spacecraft attitude, laser orientation, observation and attitude data timetags. An approach that simultaneously estimates the geometric and dynamic parameters of the orbit andlaser range measurement model by a combined reduction of both spacecraft tracking and laseraltimeter surface range residuals is applied to produce improved pointing, orbit and range bias solutionsand therefore improved geolocation. The data acquired by the Shuttle Laser Altimeter (SLA)-01 and 02missions constitute a valuable pathfinder data set to test algorithms in preparation for the upcoming VCL(Vegetation Canopy Lidar) and ICESat (Ice, Cloud and Elevation Satellite) missions. Results from apreliminary SLA-01 data analysis are presented along with a brief description of the methodology and itsapplication to future spaceborne missions. JF - Surveys in Geophysics AU - Luthcke, S B AU - Carabajal, C C AU - Rowlands, D D AU - Pavlis, DE AD - Code 926, Space Geodesy Branch, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, 20771, USA, sluthcke@geodesy2.gsfc.nasa.gov Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - Sep 2001 SP - 549 EP - 559 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 22 IS - 5-6 SN - 0169-3298, 0169-3298 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Remote Sensing KW - Satellite Technology KW - Algorithms KW - Laser altimeter KW - Data analysis KW - Attitudes KW - Elevation KW - Lidar applications KW - Altimeters KW - Lasers KW - Ice clouds KW - Geophysics KW - Earth's surface KW - USA, Connecticut, Hartford Basin, Newark Supergroup, Shuttle KW - Canopy KW - M2 551.576:Clouds (551.576) KW - SW 0820:Snow, ice and frost UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/815538655?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Astrobiology&rft.atitle=Mass-independent+fractionation+of+oxygen+isotopes+in+Earth%27s+atmosphere&rft.au=Lyons%2C+James+R%3BGoolish%2C+Edward+M&rft.aulast=Lyons&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=2001-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=333&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Astrobiology&rft.issn=15311074&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lidar applications; Algorithms; Ice clouds; Lasers; Earth's surface; Laser altimeter; Data analysis; Remote Sensing; Satellite Technology; Attitudes; Elevation; Altimeters; Geophysics; Canopy; USA, Connecticut, Hartford Basin, Newark Supergroup, Shuttle DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1015636721365 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Unified Approach to Photon-Counting Microlaser Rangers, Transponders, and Altimeters AN - 815534847; 13670085 AB - Unlike current manned systems, NASA's next generation SLR2000 Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) station is fully autonomous, eye-safe, relatively compact and inexpensive, and, during daytime tracking, operates at signal-to-noise ratios several orders of magnitude below unity. Tiny, passivelyQ-switched microlasers generate ultra-short pulses with output energies on the order of 100 kJ at few kHz rates to achieve mm-levelranging precision to satellite altitudesof 20,000 km. Special ranging receivers, combined with Poisson statistical analysis of the received photon distribution, enable the system to rapidly and reliably identify and extract the single photon laser echoes from the solar background. The enhanced rate of return, combined with a uniform signal strength, can actually drive down both systematic and random range errors. The new SLR2000 technology has already spawned exciting new applications. Compact microlaser altimeters, capable of mapping the surface of a planet or other celestial body at multikilohertz rates, is one such application, and a high altitude, airborne version is currently being developed under NASA's Instrument Incubator Program. Interplanetary microlaser transponders would be capable of performing decimeter ranging or subnanosecond time transfer to spacecraft throughout the inner Solar System, resulting in improved knowledge of planetary motions and librations and enhanced General Relativity experiments. JF - Surveys in Geophysics AU - Degnan, John J AD - Geoscience Technology Office, Code 920.3, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, 20771, USA Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - Sep 2001 SP - 431 EP - 447 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 22 IS - 5-6 SN - 0169-3298, 0169-3298 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Altimeters KW - Lasers KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - M2 523.4:Planets (523.4) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/815534847?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Surveys+in+Geophysics&rft.atitle=Unified+Approach+to+Photon-Counting+Microlaser+Rangers%2C+Transponders%2C+and+Altimeters&rft.au=Degnan%2C+John+J&rft.aulast=Degnan&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=5-6&rft.spage=431&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Surveys+in+Geophysics&rft.issn=01693298&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1015659931843 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-02-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lasers DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1015659931843 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - [Decompression sickness during extravehicular activity on the International Space Station]. AN - 71370369; 12715827 JF - Uchu koku kankyo igaku AU - Shimada, K Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - September 2001 SP - 99 EP - 104 VL - 38 IS - 3 SN - 0387-0723, 0387-0723 KW - Space life sciences KW - Humans KW - Oxygen Inhalation Therapy KW - Atmosphere Exposure Chambers KW - Spacecraft KW - Weightlessness -- adverse effects KW - Decompression Sickness -- therapy KW - Decompression Sickness -- prevention & control KW - Decompression Sickness -- etiology KW - Space Flight KW - Extravehicular Activity -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71370369?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Uchu+koku+kankyo+igaku&rft.atitle=%5BDecompression+sickness+during+extravehicular+activity+on+the+International+Space+Station%5D.&rft.au=Shimada%2C+K&rft.aulast=Shimada&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=99&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Uchu+koku+kankyo+igaku&rft.issn=03870723&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - Japanese DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-07-03 N1 - Date created - 2003-04-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Space radiation dosimetry in low-Earth orbit and beyond. AN - 71291099; 11863032 AB - Space radiation dosimetry presents one of the greatest challenges in the discipline of radiation protection. This is a result of both the highly complex nature of the radiation fields encountered in low-Earth orbit (LEO) and interplanetary space and of the constraints imposed by spaceflight on instrument design. This paper reviews the sources and composition of the space radiation environment in LEO as well as beyond the Earth's magnetosphere. A review of much of the dosimetric data that have been gathered over the last four decades of human space flight is presented. The different factors affecting the radiation exposures of astronauts and cosmonauts aboard the International Space Station (ISS) are emphasized. Measurements made aboard the Mir Orbital Station have highlighted the importance of both secondary particle production within the structure of spacecraft and the effect of shielding on both crew dose and dose equivalent. Roughly half the dose on ISS is expected to come from trapped protons and half from galactic cosmic rays (GCRs). The dearth of neutron measurements aboard LEO spacecraft and the difficulty inherent in making such measurements have led to large uncertainties in estimates of the neutron contribution to total dose equivalent. Except for a limited number of measurements made aboard the Apollo lunar missions, no crew dosimetry has been conducted beyond the Earth's magnetosphere. At the present time we are forced to rely on model-based estimates of crew dose and dose equivalent when planning for interplanetary missions, such as a mission to Mars. While space crews in LEO are unlikely to exceed the exposure limits recommended by such groups as the NCRP, dose equivalents of the same order as the recommended limits are likely over the course of a human mission to Mars. c2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. JF - Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section B, Beam interactions with materials and atoms AU - Benton, E R AU - Benton, E V AD - Eril Research, Inc., San Rafael, CA 94915-0788, USA. eric@erilresearch.com Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - September 2001 SP - 255 EP - 294 VL - 184 IS - 1-2 SN - 0168-583X, 0168-583X KW - Space life sciences KW - manned KW - NASA Discipline Radiation Health KW - unmanned KW - Flight Experiment KW - Mir Project KW - short duration KW - long duration KW - LDEF Project KW - Non-NASA Center KW - STS Shuttle Project KW - United States KW - Neutrons KW - Radiation Dosage KW - Solar Activity KW - Radiometry KW - Maximum Allowable Concentration KW - Cosmic Radiation KW - Humans KW - Russia KW - Linear Energy Transfer KW - Male KW - Female KW - Radiation Monitoring -- standards KW - Space Flight -- instrumentation KW - Spacecraft -- instrumentation KW - Space Flight -- standards KW - Spacecraft -- standards KW - Radiation Protection -- instrumentation KW - Radiation Monitoring -- instrumentation KW - Radiation Protection -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71291099?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nuclear+instruments+%26+methods+in+physics+research.+Section+B%2C+Beam+interactions+with+materials+and+atoms&rft.atitle=Space+radiation+dosimetry+in+low-Earth+orbit+and+beyond.&rft.au=Benton%2C+E+R%3BBenton%2C+E+V&rft.aulast=Benton&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=184&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=255&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nuclear+instruments+%26+methods+in+physics+research.+Section+B%2C+Beam+interactions+with+materials+and+atoms&rft.issn=0168583X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-03-18 N1 - Date created - 2002-02-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Solid state microdosimetry. AN - 71261684; 11863030 AB - A review of solid state microdosimetry is presented with an emphasis on silicon-based devices. The historical foundations and basics of microdosimetry are briefly provided. Various methods of experimental regional microdosimetry are discussed to facilitate a comparison with the more recent development of silicon microdosimetry. In particular, the performance characteristics of a proportional gas counter and a silicon microdosimeter are compared. Recent improvements in silicon microdosimetry address the issues of requirement specification, non-spherical shape, tissue equivalence, sensitive volume definition (charge collection complexity) and low noise requirements which have previously impeded the implementation of silicon-based microdosimetry. A prototype based on silicon-on-insulator technology is described along with some example results from clinical high LET radiotherapy facilities. A brief summary of the applications of microdosimetry is included. c2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. JF - Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section B, Beam interactions with materials and atoms AU - Bradley, P D AU - Rosenfeld, A B AU - Zaider, M AD - Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia. Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - September 2001 SP - 135 EP - 157 VL - 184 IS - 1-2 SN - 0168-583X, 0168-583X KW - Silicon KW - Z4152N8IUI KW - Space life sciences KW - Equipment Design KW - Radiometry KW - Radiation Protection KW - Spacecraft -- instrumentation KW - Semiconductors KW - Radiation Monitoring -- methods KW - Radiotherapy -- methods KW - Radiotherapy -- instrumentation KW - Linear Energy Transfer KW - Radiation Monitoring -- instrumentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71261684?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nuclear+instruments+%26+methods+in+physics+research.+Section+B%2C+Beam+interactions+with+materials+and+atoms&rft.atitle=Solid+state+microdosimetry.&rft.au=Bradley%2C+P+D%3BRosenfeld%2C+A+B%3BZaider%2C+M&rft.aulast=Bradley&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=184&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=135&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nuclear+instruments+%26+methods+in+physics+research.+Section+B%2C+Beam+interactions+with+materials+and+atoms&rft.issn=0168583X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-03-18 N1 - Date created - 2002-02-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Radiation dosimetry using three-dimensional optical random access memories. AN - 71260303; 11863031 AB - Three-dimensional optical random access memories (3D ORAMs) are a new generation of high-density data storage devices. Binary information is stored and retrieved via a light induced reversible transformation of an ensemble of bistable photochromic molecules embedded in a polymer matrix. This paper describes the application of 3D ORAM materials to radiation dosimetry. It is shown both theoretically and experimentally, that ionizing radiation in the form of heavy charged particles is capable of changing the information originally stored on the ORAM material. The magnitude and spatial distribution of these changes are used as a measure of the absorbed dose, particle type and energy. The effects of exposure on 3D ORAM materials have been investigated for a variety of particle types and energies, including protons, alpha particles and 12C ions. The exposed materials are observed to fluoresce when exposed to laser light. The intensity and the depth of the fluorescence is dependent on the type and energy of the particle to which the materials were exposed. It is shown that these effects can be modeled using Monte Carlo calculations. The model provides a better understanding of the properties of these materials. which should prove useful for developing systems for charged particle and neutron dosimetry/detector applications. c2001 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. JF - Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section B, Beam interactions with materials and atoms AU - Moscovitch, M AU - Phillips, G W AD - Department of Radiation Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA. moscovim@georgetown.edu Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - September 2001 SP - 207 EP - 218 VL - 184 IS - 1-2 SN - 0168-583X, 0168-583X KW - Anthracenes KW - 0 KW - Benzopyrans KW - Protons KW - Spiro Compounds KW - Carbon KW - 7440-44-0 KW - Polymethyl Methacrylate KW - 9011-14-7 KW - anthracene KW - EH46A1TLD7 KW - Space life sciences KW - NASA Discipline Radiation Health KW - Non-NASA Center KW - Spiro Compounds -- radiation effects KW - Benzopyrans -- radiation effects KW - Fluorescence KW - Radiometry KW - Alpha Particles KW - Polymethyl Methacrylate -- radiation effects KW - Lasers KW - Anthracenes -- radiation effects KW - Monte Carlo Method KW - Optical Storage Devices KW - Neutrons KW - Heavy Ions KW - Film Dosimetry -- instrumentation KW - Models, Theoretical UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71260303?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nuclear+instruments+%26+methods+in+physics+research.+Section+B%2C+Beam+interactions+with+materials+and+atoms&rft.atitle=Radiation+dosimetry+using+three-dimensional+optical+random+access+memories.&rft.au=Moscovitch%2C+M%3BPhillips%2C+G+W&rft.aulast=Moscovitch&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=184&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=207&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nuclear+instruments+%26+methods+in+physics+research.+Section+B%2C+Beam+interactions+with+materials+and+atoms&rft.issn=0168583X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-03-18 N1 - Date created - 2002-02-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Tagish Lake Meteorite; a possible sample from a D-type asteroid AN - 52185934; 2001-072145 AB - A new type of carbonaceous chondrite, the Tagish Lake meteorite, exhibits a reflectance spectrum similar to spectra observed from the D-type asteroids, which are relatively abundant in the outer solar system beyond the main asteroid belt and have been inferred to be more primitive than any known meteorite. Until the Tagish Lake fall, these asteroids had no analog in the meteorite collections. The Tagish Lake meteorite is a carbon-rich (4 to 5 weight %), aqueously altered carbonaceous chondrite and contains high concentrations of presolar grains and carbonate minerals, which is consistent with the expectation that the D-type asteroids were originally made of primitive materials and did not experience any extensive heating. JF - Science AU - Hiroi, Takahiro AU - Zolensky, Michael AU - Pieters, Carle M Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - September 2001 SP - 2234 EP - 2236 PB - American Association for the Advancement of Science, Washington, DC VL - 293 IS - 5538 SN - 0036-8075, 0036-8075 KW - stony meteorites KW - asteroids KW - parent bodies KW - calcium-aluminum inclusions KW - Tagish Lake Meteorite KW - carbonaceous chondrites KW - infrared spectra KW - brightness KW - meteorites KW - FTIR spectra KW - mineral composition KW - inclusions KW - spectra KW - chondrites KW - reflectance KW - D-type asteroids KW - 05B:Petrology of meteorites and tektites UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52185934?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=The+Tagish+Lake+Meteorite%3B+a+possible+sample+from+a+D-type+asteroid&rft.au=Hiroi%2C+Takahiro%3BZolensky%2C+Michael%3BPieters%2C+Carle+M&rft.aulast=Hiroi&rft.aufirst=Takahiro&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=293&rft.issue=5538&rft.spage=2234&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Science&rft.issn=00368075&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.sciencemag.org/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 21 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SCIEAS N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - asteroids; brightness; calcium-aluminum inclusions; carbonaceous chondrites; chondrites; D-type asteroids; FTIR spectra; inclusions; infrared spectra; meteorites; mineral composition; parent bodies; reflectance; spectra; stony meteorites; Tagish Lake Meteorite ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The organic content of the Tagish Lake Meteorite AN - 52182351; 2001-072148 AB - The Tagish Lake meteorite fell last year on a frozen lake in Canada and may provide the most pristine material of its kind. Analyses have now shown this carbonaceous chondrite to contain a suite of soluble organic compounds ( approximately 100 parts per million) that includes mono- and dicarboxylic acids, dicarboximides, pyridine carboxylic acids, a sulfonic acid, and both aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons. The insoluble carbon exhibits exclusive aromatic character, deuterium enrichment, and fullerenes containing "planetary" helium and argon. The findings provide insight into an outcome of early solar chemical evolution that differs from any seen so far in meteorites. JF - Science AU - Pizzarello, Sandra AU - Huang, Yongsong AU - Becker, Luann AU - Poreda, Robert J AU - Nieman, Ronald A AU - Cooper, George AU - Williams, Michael Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - September 2001 SP - 2236 EP - 2239 PB - American Association for the Advancement of Science, Washington, DC VL - 293 IS - 5538 SN - 0036-8075, 0036-8075 KW - stony meteorites KW - isotopes KW - isotope ratios KW - C-13/C-12 KW - gas chromatograms KW - Tagish Lake Meteorite KW - native elements KW - carbonaceous chondrites KW - solubility KW - stable isotopes KW - meteorites KW - organic compounds KW - organic acids KW - fullerene KW - carbon KW - amino acids KW - hydrocarbons KW - CM chondrites KW - organic carbon KW - chondrites KW - geochemistry KW - aromatic hydrocarbons KW - 05B:Petrology of meteorites and tektites KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52182351?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=The+organic+content+of+the+Tagish+Lake+Meteorite&rft.au=Pizzarello%2C+Sandra%3BHuang%2C+Yongsong%3BBecker%2C+Luann%3BPoreda%2C+Robert+J%3BNieman%2C+Ronald+A%3BCooper%2C+George%3BWilliams%2C+Michael&rft.aulast=Pizzarello&rft.aufirst=Sandra&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=293&rft.issue=5538&rft.spage=2236&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Science&rft.issn=00368075&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.sciencemag.org/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 21 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SCIEAS N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - amino acids; aromatic hydrocarbons; C-13/C-12; carbon; carbonaceous chondrites; chondrites; CM chondrites; fullerene; gas chromatograms; geochemistry; hydrocarbons; isotope ratios; isotopes; meteorites; native elements; organic acids; organic carbon; organic compounds; solubility; stable isotopes; stony meteorites; Tagish Lake Meteorite ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Redistribution of soluble components during ice segregation in freezing ground AN - 52159171; 2002-005330 AB - The segregation of ice develops in freezing grounds by migration of a pore solution to the crystallization front. How do the soluble components behave during the ice segregation, especially mobile forms of contaminant heavy metals? The intent of this paper is to study redistribution of the mobile metals during formation of lens-type cryogenic structure freezing water-rich silt. The experimental data show that the concentration of pore solute increases during the segregation of ice including metal pollutants. The zones of high concentration are formed at the interface of segregation ice lens and mineral layers in freezing ground. The parameters of phase transition of water (start temperature of thawing and total heat of phase transition) in such zones are decreased with the increased concentration. Part of the liquid unfrozen water in the concentration zones of frozen silt consists of microscopic drops at the surface of ice crystals. Probably part of the dissolved mobile component is present in such liquid inclusions under subzero temperature. A fixation of metal pollutants takes place in the zones of concentration during ice segregation in freezing ground. JF - Cold Regions Science and Technology AU - Ostroumov, V AU - Hoover, R AU - Ostroumova, N AU - van Vliet-Lanoe, B AU - Siegert, C AU - Sorokovikov, V A2 - Williams, Peter J. Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - September 2001 SP - 175 EP - 182 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 32 IS - 2-3 SN - 0165-232X, 0165-232X KW - hydrology KW - permafrost KW - geophysical surveys KW - pollutants KW - pollution KW - solubility KW - ground water KW - transport KW - ice KW - surveys KW - frozen ground KW - heavy metals KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52159171?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cold+Regions+Science+and+Technology&rft.atitle=Redistribution+of+soluble+components+during+ice+segregation+in+freezing+ground&rft.au=Ostroumov%2C+V%3BHoover%2C+R%3BOstroumova%2C+N%3Bvan+Vliet-Lanoe%2C+B%3BSiegert%2C+C%3BSorokovikov%2C+V&rft.aulast=Ostroumov&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=175&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cold+Regions+Science+and+Technology&rft.issn=0165232X&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0165232X LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Second international conference on Contaminants in freezing ground N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from CAPCAS, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 18 N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - frozen ground; geophysical surveys; ground water; heavy metals; hydrology; ice; permafrost; pollutants; pollution; solubility; surveys; transport ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Kaidun Meteorite; a melted clast of sub-alkaline rock AN - 52157257; 2002-009563 JF - Meteoritics & Planetary Science AU - Ivanov, A V AU - Zolensky, Michael E AU - Kononkova, N N AU - Yang, S V AU - Migdisova, L F AU - Consolmagno, Guy Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - September 2001 SP - 87 PB - Meteoritical Society, Fayetteville, AR VL - 36 IS - 9, Suppl. SN - 1086-9379, 1086-9379 KW - meteorites KW - Kaidun Meteorite KW - mineral composition KW - stony meteorites KW - textures KW - mineral assemblages KW - chondrites KW - chemical composition KW - 05B:Petrology of meteorites and tektites UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52157257?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Meteoritics+%26+Planetary+Science&rft.atitle=The+Kaidun+Meteorite%3B+a+melted+clast+of+sub-alkaline+rock&rft.au=Ivanov%2C+A+V%3BZolensky%2C+Michael+E%3BKononkova%2C+N+N%3BYang%2C+S+V%3BMigdisova%2C+L+F%3BConsolmagno%2C+Guy&rft.aulast=Ivanov&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=9%2C+Suppl.&rft.spage=87&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Meteoritics+%26+Planetary+Science&rft.issn=10869379&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://cavern.uark.edu/~meteor/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 64th annual meeting of the Meteoritical Society N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 4 N1 - PubXState - AR N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - MERTAW N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - chemical composition; chondrites; Kaidun Meteorite; meteorites; mineral assemblages; mineral composition; stony meteorites; textures ER - TY - JOUR T1 - New lunar meteorite Northwest Africa 773; dual origin by cumulate crystallization and impact brecciation AN - 52156314; 2002-009504 JF - Meteoritics & Planetary Science AU - Faggan, T J AU - Keil, K AU - Taylor, G J AU - Hicks, T L AU - Killgore, M AU - Bunch, T E AU - Wittke, J H AU - Eugster, O AU - Lorenzetti, S AU - Mittlefehldt, David W AU - Clayton, R N AU - Mayeda, T AU - Consolmagno, Guy Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - September 2001 SP - 55 PB - Meteoritical Society, Fayetteville, AR VL - 36 IS - 9, Suppl. SN - 1086-9379, 1086-9379 KW - Northwest Africa Meteorites KW - lunar meteorites KW - breccia KW - stony meteorites KW - oxygen KW - impact features KW - NWA 773 KW - isotopes KW - isotope ratios KW - parent bodies KW - O-18/O-16 KW - achondrites KW - stable isotopes KW - meteorites KW - mineral composition KW - cumulates KW - brecciation KW - crystallization KW - chemical composition KW - O-17/O-16 KW - 05B:Petrology of meteorites and tektites UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52156314?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Meteoritics+%26+Planetary+Science&rft.atitle=New+lunar+meteorite+Northwest+Africa+773%3B+dual+origin+by+cumulate+crystallization+and+impact+brecciation&rft.au=Faggan%2C+T+J%3BKeil%2C+K%3BTaylor%2C+G+J%3BHicks%2C+T+L%3BKillgore%2C+M%3BBunch%2C+T+E%3BWittke%2C+J+H%3BEugster%2C+O%3BLorenzetti%2C+S%3BMittlefehldt%2C+David+W%3BClayton%2C+R+N%3BMayeda%2C+T%3BConsolmagno%2C+Guy&rft.aulast=Faggan&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=9%2C+Suppl.&rft.spage=55&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Meteoritics+%26+Planetary+Science&rft.issn=10869379&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://cavern.uark.edu/~meteor/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 64th annual meeting of the Meteoritical Society N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 5 N1 - PubXState - AR N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - MERTAW N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - achondrites; breccia; brecciation; chemical composition; crystallization; cumulates; impact features; isotope ratios; isotopes; lunar meteorites; meteorites; mineral composition; Northwest Africa Meteorites; NWA 773; O-17/O-16; O-18/O-16; oxygen; parent bodies; stable isotopes; stony meteorites ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rubidium-strontium and samarium-neodymium isotopic systematics of the lherzolitic shergottites ALH77005 and LEW88516; constraints on the petrogenesis of Martian Meteorites AN - 52156056; 2002-009446 JF - Meteoritics & Planetary Science AU - Borg, L E AU - Nyquist, L E AU - Wiesmann, H AU - Reese, Y AU - Consolmagno, Guy Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - September 2001 SP - 25 PB - Meteoritical Society, Fayetteville, AR VL - 36 IS - 9, Suppl. SN - 1086-9379, 1086-9379 KW - stony meteorites KW - Martian meteorites KW - Lewis Cliff Meteorites KW - igneous rocks KW - Mars KW - Rb/Sr KW - lherzolite KW - SNC Meteorites KW - meteorites KW - plutonic rocks KW - dates KW - absolute age KW - chemical composition KW - LEW 88516 KW - Jurassic KW - achondrites KW - Mesozoic KW - ultramafics KW - terrestrial planets KW - planets KW - Allan Hills Meteorites KW - Antarctica KW - shergottite KW - Sm/Nd KW - ALHA 77005 KW - peridotites KW - 05B:Petrology of meteorites and tektites UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52156056?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Meteoritics+%26+Planetary+Science&rft.atitle=Rubidium-strontium+and+samarium-neodymium+isotopic+systematics+of+the+lherzolitic+shergottites+ALH77005+and+LEW88516%3B+constraints+on+the+petrogenesis+of+Martian+Meteorites&rft.au=Borg%2C+L+E%3BNyquist%2C+L+E%3BWiesmann%2C+H%3BReese%2C+Y%3BConsolmagno%2C+Guy&rft.aulast=Borg&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=9%2C+Suppl.&rft.spage=25&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Meteoritics+%26+Planetary+Science&rft.issn=10869379&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://cavern.uark.edu/~meteor/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 64th annual meeting of the Meteoritical Society N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 15 N1 - PubXState - AR N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - MERTAW N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - absolute age; achondrites; ALHA 77005; Allan Hills Meteorites; Antarctica; chemical composition; dates; igneous rocks; Jurassic; LEW 88516; Lewis Cliff Meteorites; lherzolite; Mars; Martian meteorites; Mesozoic; meteorites; peridotites; planets; plutonic rocks; Rb/Sr; shergottite; Sm/Nd; SNC Meteorites; stony meteorites; terrestrial planets; ultramafics ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In situ observation of carbonaceous globules in the Tagish Lake chondrite AN - 52155094; 2002-009678 JF - Meteoritics & Planetary Science AU - Nakamura, K AU - Zolensky, Michael E AU - Tomita, S AU - Tomeoka, K AU - Consolmagno, Guy Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - September 2001 SP - 145 EP - 146 PB - Meteoritical Society, Fayetteville, AR VL - 36 IS - 9, Suppl. SN - 1086-9379, 1086-9379 KW - meteorites KW - mineral composition KW - stony meteorites KW - asteroids KW - carbon KW - parent bodies KW - Tagish Lake Meteorite KW - carbonaceous chondrites KW - chondrites KW - chemical composition KW - 05B:Petrology of meteorites and tektites UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52155094?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Meteoritics+%26+Planetary+Science&rft.atitle=In+situ+observation+of+carbonaceous+globules+in+the+Tagish+Lake+chondrite&rft.au=Nakamura%2C+K%3BZolensky%2C+Michael+E%3BTomita%2C+S%3BTomeoka%2C+K%3BConsolmagno%2C+Guy&rft.aulast=Nakamura&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=9%2C+Suppl.&rft.spage=145&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Meteoritics+%26+Planetary+Science&rft.issn=10869379&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://cavern.uark.edu/~meteor/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 64th annual meeting of the Meteoritical Society N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 4 N1 - PubXState - AR N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - MERTAW N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - asteroids; carbon; carbonaceous chondrites; chemical composition; chondrites; meteorites; mineral composition; parent bodies; stony meteorites; Tagish Lake Meteorite ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Kaidun; a smorgasbord of new asteroid samples AN - 52154528; 2002-010173 JF - Meteoritics & Planetary Science AU - Zolensky, M AU - Ivanov, A AU - Consolmagno, Guy J Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - September 2001 SP - 233 PB - Meteoritical Society, Fayetteville, AR VL - 36 IS - 9, Suppl. SN - 1086-9379, 1086-9379 KW - meteorites KW - Kaidun Meteorite KW - mineral composition KW - stony meteorites KW - asteroids KW - parent bodies KW - classification KW - petrography KW - carbonaceous chondrites KW - chondrites KW - chemical composition KW - 05B:Petrology of meteorites and tektites UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52154528?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Meteoritics+%26+Planetary+Science&rft.atitle=Kaidun%3B+a+smorgasbord+of+new+asteroid+samples&rft.au=Zolensky%2C+M%3BIvanov%2C+A%3BConsolmagno%2C+Guy+J&rft.aulast=Zolensky&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=9%2C+Suppl.&rft.spage=233&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Meteoritics+%26+Planetary+Science&rft.issn=10869379&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://cavern.uark.edu/~meteor/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 64th annual meeting of the Meteoritical Society N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 3 N1 - PubXState - AR N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - asteroids; carbonaceous chondrites; chemical composition; chondrites; classification; Kaidun Meteorite; meteorites; mineral composition; parent bodies; petrography; stony meteorites ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Electron microscopy studies and microbial culturing experiments on a depth profile through Martian meteorite Nakhla AN - 52154315; 2002-010126 JF - Meteoritics & Planetary Science AU - Toporski, Jan AU - Steele, Andrew AU - McKay, D S AU - Consolmagno, Guy J Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - September 2001 SP - 207 EP - 208 PB - Meteoritical Society, Fayetteville, AR VL - 36 IS - 9, Suppl. SN - 1086-9379, 1086-9379 KW - experimental studies KW - nakhlite KW - stony meteorites KW - organic minerals KW - Martian meteorites KW - Mars KW - Nakhla Meteorite KW - achondrites KW - electron probe data KW - terrestrial planets KW - SNC Meteorites KW - planets KW - meteorites KW - mineral composition KW - chemical composition KW - 05B:Petrology of meteorites and tektites UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52154315?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Meteoritics+%26+Planetary+Science&rft.atitle=Electron+microscopy+studies+and+microbial+culturing+experiments+on+a+depth+profile+through+Martian+meteorite+Nakhla&rft.au=Toporski%2C+Jan%3BSteele%2C+Andrew%3BMcKay%2C+D+S%3BConsolmagno%2C+Guy+J&rft.aulast=Toporski&rft.aufirst=Jan&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=9%2C+Suppl.&rft.spage=207&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Meteoritics+%26+Planetary+Science&rft.issn=10869379&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://cavern.uark.edu/~meteor/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 64th annual meeting of the Meteoritical Society N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 7 N1 - PubXState - AR N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - achondrites; chemical composition; electron probe data; experimental studies; Mars; Martian meteorites; meteorites; mineral composition; Nakhla Meteorite; nakhlite; organic minerals; planets; SNC Meteorites; stony meteorites; terrestrial planets ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A comparison of a new polymict eucrite DaG 863 to other eucrites recovered from Dar al Gani, Libya AN - 52154257; 2002-010094 JF - Meteoritics & Planetary Science AU - Sipiera, P P AU - Jerman, G A AU - Pelisson, Richard AU - Pelisson, Roland AU - Consolmagno, Guy J Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - September 2001 SP - 190 PB - Meteoritical Society, Fayetteville, AR VL - 36 IS - 9, Suppl. SN - 1086-9379, 1086-9379 KW - meteorites KW - mineral composition KW - stony meteorites KW - Dar al Gani Meteorites KW - parent bodies KW - DaG 863 KW - petrography KW - eucrite KW - chemical composition KW - achondrites KW - 05B:Petrology of meteorites and tektites UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52154257?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Meteoritics+%26+Planetary+Science&rft.atitle=A+comparison+of+a+new+polymict+eucrite+DaG+863+to+other+eucrites+recovered+from+Dar+al+Gani%2C+Libya&rft.au=Sipiera%2C+P+P%3BJerman%2C+G+A%3BPelisson%2C+Richard%3BPelisson%2C+Roland%3BConsolmagno%2C+Guy+J&rft.aulast=Sipiera&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=9%2C+Suppl.&rft.spage=190&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Meteoritics+%26+Planetary+Science&rft.issn=10869379&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://cavern.uark.edu/~meteor/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 64th annual meeting of the Meteoritical Society N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - PubXState - AR N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - achondrites; chemical composition; DaG 863; Dar al Gani Meteorites; eucrite; meteorites; mineral composition; parent bodies; petrography; stony meteorites ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Petrographic and chemical evidence of thermal metamorphism in new carbonaceous chondrites AN - 52154254; 2002-010125 JF - Meteoritics & Planetary Science AU - Tonui, E AU - Zolensky, M AU - Lipschutz, M AU - Okudaira, K AU - Consolmagno, Guy J Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - September 2001 SP - 207 PB - Meteoritical Society, Fayetteville, AR VL - 36 IS - 9, Suppl. SN - 1086-9379, 1086-9379 KW - stony meteorites KW - textures KW - calcium-aluminum inclusions KW - thermal metamorphism KW - carbonaceous chondrites KW - metamorphism KW - mineral inclusions KW - meteorites KW - mineral composition KW - Antarctica KW - inclusions KW - petrography KW - CM chondrites KW - chondrites KW - chemical composition KW - 05B:Petrology of meteorites and tektites UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52154254?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Meteoritics+%26+Planetary+Science&rft.atitle=Petrographic+and+chemical+evidence+of+thermal+metamorphism+in+new+carbonaceous+chondrites&rft.au=Tonui%2C+E%3BZolensky%2C+M%3BLipschutz%2C+M%3BOkudaira%2C+K%3BConsolmagno%2C+Guy+J&rft.aulast=Tonui&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=9%2C+Suppl.&rft.spage=207&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Meteoritics+%26+Planetary+Science&rft.issn=10869379&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://cavern.uark.edu/~meteor/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 64th annual meeting of the Meteoritical Society N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 4 N1 - PubXState - AR N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Antarctica; calcium-aluminum inclusions; carbonaceous chondrites; chemical composition; chondrites; CM chondrites; inclusions; metamorphism; meteorites; mineral composition; mineral inclusions; petrography; stony meteorites; textures; thermal metamorphism ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The AstroBiology Explorer (ABE) MIDEX mission concept; exploring the links between the interstellar medium and meteorites AN - 52154095; 2002-010076 JF - Meteoritics & Planetary Science AU - Sandford, S A AU - Consolmagno, Guy J Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - September 2001 SP - 181 PB - Meteoritical Society, Fayetteville, AR VL - 36 IS - 9, Suppl. SN - 1086-9379, 1086-9379 KW - meteorites KW - cosmic dust KW - Astrobiology Explorer KW - MIDEX KW - astrobiology KW - current research KW - spectra KW - instruments KW - infrared spectra KW - 05B:Petrology of meteorites and tektites UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52154095?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Meteoritics+%26+Planetary+Science&rft.atitle=The+AstroBiology+Explorer+%28ABE%29+MIDEX+mission+concept%3B+exploring+the+links+between+the+interstellar+medium+and+meteorites&rft.au=Sandford%2C+S+A%3BConsolmagno%2C+Guy+J&rft.aulast=Sandford&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=9%2C+Suppl.&rft.spage=181&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Meteoritics+%26+Planetary+Science&rft.issn=10869379&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://cavern.uark.edu/~meteor/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 64th annual meeting of the Meteoritical Society N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 4 N1 - PubXState - AR N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - astrobiology; Astrobiology Explorer; cosmic dust; current research; infrared spectra; instruments; meteorites; MIDEX; spectra ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Confirmation of a genetic link between asteroids 4 Vesta and 1929 Kollaa; quantified compositional evidence AN - 52153419; 2002-009578 JF - Meteoritics & Planetary Science AU - Kelley, Michael S AU - Vilas, F AU - Gaffey, M J AU - Jarvis, K S AU - Cochran, A L AU - Abell, P A AU - Consolmagno, Guy Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - September 2001 SP - 95 PB - Meteoritical Society, Fayetteville, AR VL - 36 IS - 9, Suppl. SN - 1086-9379, 1086-9379 KW - Kollaa Asteroid KW - meteorites KW - mineral composition KW - stony meteorites KW - asteroids KW - Vesta Asteroid KW - parent bodies KW - HED meteorites KW - achondrites KW - 05B:Petrology of meteorites and tektites UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52153419?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Meteoritics+%26+Planetary+Science&rft.atitle=Confirmation+of+a+genetic+link+between+asteroids+4+Vesta+and+1929+Kollaa%3B+quantified+compositional+evidence&rft.au=Kelley%2C+Michael+S%3BVilas%2C+F%3BGaffey%2C+M+J%3BJarvis%2C+K+S%3BCochran%2C+A+L%3BAbell%2C+P+A%3BConsolmagno%2C+Guy&rft.aulast=Kelley&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=9%2C+Suppl.&rft.spage=95&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Meteoritics+%26+Planetary+Science&rft.issn=10869379&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://cavern.uark.edu/~meteor/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 64th annual meeting of the Meteoritical Society N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 8 N1 - PubXState - AR N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - MERTAW N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - achondrites; asteroids; HED meteorites; Kollaa Asteroid; meteorites; mineral composition; parent bodies; stony meteorites; Vesta Asteroid ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Olivine and pyroxene dust aggregates in sungrazing comets AN - 52153050; 2002-009585 JF - Meteoritics & Planetary Science AU - Kimura, H AU - Mann, I AU - Biesecker, Doug A AU - Consolmagno, Guy Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - September 2001 SP - 99 PB - Meteoritical Society, Fayetteville, AR VL - 36 IS - 9, Suppl. SN - 1086-9379, 1086-9379 KW - silicates KW - olivine group KW - comae KW - nesosilicates KW - cosmic dust KW - pyroxene group KW - mineral composition KW - comets KW - extraterrestrial geology KW - olivine KW - orthosilicates KW - chemical composition KW - chain silicates KW - 04:Extraterrestrial geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52153050?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Astrobiology&rft.atitle=Composition+of+hydrothermal+vent+microbial+communities+as+revealed+by+analyses+of+signature+lipids%2C+stable+carbon+isotopes%2C+and+aquificales+cultures&rft.au=Jahnke%2C+Linda+L%3BEder%2C+Wolfgang%3BHuber%2C+Robert%3BHinrichs%2C+Kai-Uwe%3BHayes%2C+John+M%3BCady%2C+Sherry+L%3BDes+Marais%2C+David+J%3BHope%2C+Janet+M%3BSummons%2C+Roger+E%3BGoolish%2C+Edward+M&rft.aulast=Jahnke&rft.aufirst=Linda&rft.date=2001-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=321&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Astrobiology&rft.issn=15311074&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://cavern.uark.edu/~meteor/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 64th annual meeting of the Meteoritical Society N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 3 N1 - PubXState - AR N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - MERTAW N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - chain silicates; chemical composition; comae; comets; cosmic dust; extraterrestrial geology; mineral composition; nesosilicates; olivine; olivine group; orthosilicates; pyroxene group; silicates ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Oxygen isotopic composition of Tagish Lake AN - 52152416; 2002-009502 JF - Meteoritics & Planetary Science AU - Engrand, C AU - Gounelle, Matt AU - Zolensky, Michael E AU - Consolmagno, Guy Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - September 2001 SP - 54 PB - Meteoritical Society, Fayetteville, AR VL - 36 IS - 9, Suppl. SN - 1086-9379, 1086-9379 KW - stony meteorites KW - oxygen KW - isotopes KW - isotope ratios KW - Tagish Lake Meteorite KW - O-18/O-16 KW - carbonaceous chondrites KW - stable isotopes KW - electron probe data KW - mineral inclusions KW - meteorites KW - inclusions KW - chondrites KW - chemical composition KW - O-17/O-16 KW - 05B:Petrology of meteorites and tektites KW - 02D:Isotope geochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52152416?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Meteoritics+%26+Planetary+Science&rft.atitle=Oxygen+isotopic+composition+of+Tagish+Lake&rft.au=Engrand%2C+C%3BGounelle%2C+Matt%3BZolensky%2C+Michael+E%3BConsolmagno%2C+Guy&rft.aulast=Engrand&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=9%2C+Suppl.&rft.spage=54&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Meteoritics+%26+Planetary+Science&rft.issn=10869379&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://cavern.uark.edu/~meteor/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 64th annual meeting of the Meteoritical Society N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 8 N1 - PubXState - AR N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - MERTAW N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - carbonaceous chondrites; chemical composition; chondrites; electron probe data; inclusions; isotope ratios; isotopes; meteorites; mineral inclusions; O-17/O-16; O-18/O-16; oxygen; stable isotopes; stony meteorites; Tagish Lake Meteorite ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The thermal history of R-chondrites using (super 39) Ar- (super 40) Ar chronology AN - 52152385; 2002-009493 JF - Meteoritics & Planetary Science AU - Dixon, E T AU - Bogard, D D AU - Garrison, D H AU - Consolmagno, Guy Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - September 2001 SP - 49 EP - 50 PB - Meteoritical Society, Fayetteville, AR VL - 36 IS - 9, Suppl. SN - 1086-9379, 1086-9379 KW - Rumuruti Meteorites KW - Ar/Ar KW - Pecora Escarpment Meteorites KW - stony meteorites KW - rumurutiite KW - Precambrian KW - parent bodies KW - Paleoarchean KW - thermal history KW - meteorites KW - dates KW - rumurutiites KW - absolute age KW - thermochronology KW - Archean KW - PCA 91002 KW - chondrites KW - 05B:Petrology of meteorites and tektites UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52152385?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Meteoritics+%26+Planetary+Science&rft.atitle=The+thermal+history+of+R-chondrites+using+%28super+39%29+Ar-+%28super+40%29+Ar+chronology&rft.au=Dixon%2C+E+T%3BBogard%2C+D+D%3BGarrison%2C+D+H%3BConsolmagno%2C+Guy&rft.aulast=Dixon&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=9%2C+Suppl.&rft.spage=49&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Meteoritics+%26+Planetary+Science&rft.issn=10869379&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://cavern.uark.edu/~meteor/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 64th annual meeting of the Meteoritical Society N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 6 N1 - PubXState - AR N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - MERTAW N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - absolute age; Ar/Ar; Archean; chondrites; dates; meteorites; Paleoarchean; parent bodies; PCA 91002; Pecora Escarpment Meteorites; Precambrian; Rumuruti Meteorites; rumurutiite; rumurutiites; stony meteorites; thermal history; thermochronology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Applying experimental partitioning results to iron meteorites; a test of Henry's law AN - 52152292; 2002-009474 JF - Meteoritics & Planetary Science AU - Chabot, N L AU - Campbell, A J AU - Humayun, M AU - Agee, C B AU - Consolmagno, Guy Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - September 2001 SP - 39 PB - Meteoritical Society, Fayetteville, AR VL - 36 IS - 9, Suppl. SN - 1086-9379, 1086-9379 KW - solid phase KW - meteorites KW - experimental studies KW - iron meteorites KW - magmatism KW - chemical composition KW - Henry's law KW - 05B:Petrology of meteorites and tektites UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52152292?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Meteoritics+%26+Planetary+Science&rft.atitle=Applying+experimental+partitioning+results+to+iron+meteorites%3B+a+test+of+Henry%27s+law&rft.au=Chabot%2C+N+L%3BCampbell%2C+A+J%3BHumayun%2C+M%3BAgee%2C+C+B%3BConsolmagno%2C+Guy&rft.aulast=Chabot&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=9%2C+Suppl.&rft.spage=39&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Meteoritics+%26+Planetary+Science&rft.issn=10869379&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://cavern.uark.edu/~meteor/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 64th annual meeting of the Meteoritical Society N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 11 N1 - PubXState - AR N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - MERTAW N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - chemical composition; experimental studies; Henry's law; iron meteorites; magmatism; meteorites; solid phase ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A "mesosiderite" rock from Putorana, Russia; not a meteorite? AN - 52152133; 2002-010128 JF - Meteoritics & Planetary Science AU - Treiman, A H AU - Lindstrom, David J AU - Schwandt, C S AU - Clayton, R N AU - Morgan, M L AU - Consolmagno, Guy J Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - September 2001 SP - 208 EP - 209 PB - Meteoritical Society, Fayetteville, AR VL - 36 IS - 9, Suppl. SN - 1086-9379, 1086-9379 KW - stony irons KW - Taymyr Dolgan-Nenets Russian Federation KW - Russian Federation KW - genesis KW - meteorites KW - Krasnoyarsk Russian Federation KW - Siberia KW - mineral composition KW - Commonwealth of Independent States KW - petrography KW - mesosiderite KW - chemical composition KW - Asia KW - Putorana Russian Federation KW - Norilsk region KW - 05B:Petrology of meteorites and tektites UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52152133?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Meteoritics+%26+Planetary+Science&rft.atitle=A+%22mesosiderite%22+rock+from+Putorana%2C+Russia%3B+not+a+meteorite%3F&rft.au=Treiman%2C+A+H%3BLindstrom%2C+David+J%3BSchwandt%2C+C+S%3BClayton%2C+R+N%3BMorgan%2C+M+L%3BConsolmagno%2C+Guy+J&rft.aulast=Treiman&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=9%2C+Suppl.&rft.spage=208&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Meteoritics+%26+Planetary+Science&rft.issn=10869379&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://cavern.uark.edu/~meteor/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 64th annual meeting of the Meteoritical Society N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 4 N1 - PubXState - AR N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Asia; chemical composition; Commonwealth of Independent States; genesis; Krasnoyarsk Russian Federation; mesosiderite; meteorites; mineral composition; Norilsk region; petrography; Putorana Russian Federation; Russian Federation; Siberia; stony irons; Taymyr Dolgan-Nenets Russian Federation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Partial melting of chips of Indarch (EH4) Meteorite; further insights into melt migration AN - 52152009; 2002-009433 JF - Meteoritics & Planetary Science AU - Benedix, G K AU - McCoy, T J AU - Dickinson, T L AU - Lofgren, Gary E AU - Consolmagno, Guy Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - September 2001 SP - 18 PB - Meteoritical Society, Fayetteville, AR VL - 36 IS - 9, Suppl. SN - 1086-9379, 1086-9379 KW - silicates KW - experimental studies KW - stony meteorites KW - textures KW - partial melting KW - melts KW - temperature KW - meteorites KW - laboratory studies KW - EH chondrites KW - pyroxene group KW - mineral composition KW - enstatite chondrites KW - orthopyroxene KW - Indarch Meteorite KW - chondrites KW - chemical composition KW - enstatite KW - chain silicates KW - 05B:Petrology of meteorites and tektites UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52152009?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Meteoritics+%26+Planetary+Science&rft.atitle=Partial+melting+of+chips+of+Indarch+%28EH4%29+Meteorite%3B+further+insights+into+melt+migration&rft.au=Benedix%2C+G+K%3BMcCoy%2C+T+J%3BDickinson%2C+T+L%3BLofgren%2C+Gary+E%3BConsolmagno%2C+Guy&rft.aulast=Benedix&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=9%2C+Suppl.&rft.spage=18&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Meteoritics+%26+Planetary+Science&rft.issn=10869379&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://cavern.uark.edu/~meteor/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 64th annual meeting of the Meteoritical Society N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 1 N1 - PubXState - AR N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - MERTAW N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - chain silicates; chemical composition; chondrites; EH chondrites; enstatite; enstatite chondrites; experimental studies; Indarch Meteorite; laboratory studies; melts; meteorites; mineral composition; orthopyroxene; partial melting; pyroxene group; silicates; stony meteorites; temperature; textures ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Self-assembling amphiphilic molecules; a possible linkage between interstellar chemistry and meteoritic organics AN - 52151963; 2002-010077 JF - Meteoritics & Planetary Science AU - Sanford, S A AU - Dworkin, J P AU - Deamer, D W AU - Allamandola, L J AU - Consolmagno, Guy J Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - September 2001 SP - 181 EP - 182 PB - Meteoritical Society, Fayetteville, AR VL - 36 IS - 9, Suppl. SN - 1086-9379, 1086-9379 KW - meteorites KW - organic compounds KW - experimental studies KW - cosmic dust KW - mineral composition KW - extraterrestrial geology KW - amphiphilic compounds KW - cosmochemistry KW - chemical composition KW - life origin KW - 04:Extraterrestrial geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52151963?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Meteoritics+%26+Planetary+Science&rft.atitle=Self-assembling+amphiphilic+molecules%3B+a+possible+linkage+between+interstellar+chemistry+and+meteoritic+organics&rft.au=Sanford%2C+S+A%3BDworkin%2C+J+P%3BDeamer%2C+D+W%3BAllamandola%2C+L+J%3BConsolmagno%2C+Guy+J&rft.aulast=Sanford&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=9%2C+Suppl.&rft.spage=181&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Meteoritics+%26+Planetary+Science&rft.issn=10869379&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://cavern.uark.edu/~meteor/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 64th annual meeting of the Meteoritical Society N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 6 N1 - PubXState - AR N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - amphiphilic compounds; chemical composition; cosmic dust; cosmochemistry; experimental studies; extraterrestrial geology; life origin; meteorites; mineral composition; organic compounds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Petrology and geochemistry of unusual eucrite GRA 98098 AN - 52151809; 2002-009660 JF - Meteoritics & Planetary Science AU - Mittlefehldt, David W AU - Lee, M T AU - Consolmagno, Guy Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - September 2001 SP - 136 PB - Meteoritical Society, Fayetteville, AR VL - 36 IS - 9, Suppl. SN - 1086-9379, 1086-9379 KW - meteorites KW - mineral composition KW - Antarctica KW - stony meteorites KW - Graves Nunataks Meteorites KW - HED meteorites KW - classification KW - eucrite KW - GRA 98098 KW - chemical composition KW - achondrites KW - 05B:Petrology of meteorites and tektites UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52151809?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Meteoritics+%26+Planetary+Science&rft.atitle=Petrology+and+geochemistry+of+unusual+eucrite+GRA+98098&rft.au=Mittlefehldt%2C+David+W%3BLee%2C+M+T%3BConsolmagno%2C+Guy&rft.aulast=Mittlefehldt&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=9%2C+Suppl.&rft.spage=136&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Meteoritics+%26+Planetary+Science&rft.issn=10869379&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://cavern.uark.edu/~meteor/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 64th annual meeting of the Meteoritical Society N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 3 N1 - PubXState - AR N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - MERTAW N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - achondrites; Antarctica; chemical composition; classification; eucrite; GRA 98098; Graves Nunataks Meteorites; HED meteorites; meteorites; mineral composition; stony meteorites ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Argon-39-argon-40 "ages" and trapped argon for three Martian shergottites AN - 52151514; 2002-009517 JF - Meteoritics & Planetary Science AU - Garrison, D H AU - Bogard, D D AU - Consolmagno, Guy Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - September 2001 SP - 62 EP - 63 PB - Meteoritical Society, Fayetteville, AR VL - 36 IS - 9, Suppl. SN - 1086-9379, 1086-9379 KW - methods KW - Dhofar Meteorites KW - Ar/Ar KW - stony meteorites KW - Precambrian KW - Martian meteorites KW - DaG 476 KW - Los Angeles Meteorite KW - cosmogenic elements KW - Mars KW - achondrites KW - terrestrial planets KW - SNC Meteorites KW - planets KW - meteorites KW - chronology KW - shergottite KW - Dar al Gani Meteorites KW - dates KW - noble gases KW - absolute age KW - DHO 019 KW - 05B:Petrology of meteorites and tektites UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52151514?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Meteoritics+%26+Planetary+Science&rft.atitle=Argon-39-argon-40+%22ages%22+and+trapped+argon+for+three+Martian+shergottites&rft.au=Garrison%2C+D+H%3BBogard%2C+D+D%3BConsolmagno%2C+Guy&rft.aulast=Garrison&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=9%2C+Suppl.&rft.spage=62&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Meteoritics+%26+Planetary+Science&rft.issn=10869379&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://cavern.uark.edu/~meteor/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 64th annual meeting of the Meteoritical Society N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 3 N1 - PubXState - AR N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - MERTAW N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - absolute age; achondrites; Ar/Ar; chronology; cosmogenic elements; DaG 476; Dar al Gani Meteorites; dates; DHO 019; Dhofar Meteorites; Los Angeles Meteorite; Mars; Martian meteorites; meteorites; methods; noble gases; planets; Precambrian; shergottite; SNC Meteorites; stony meteorites; terrestrial planets ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Catalytic studies on nebular dust analogs; successful production of ammonia via a Haber-Bosch type synthesis AN - 52151384; 2002-009552 JF - Meteoritics & Planetary Science AU - Hill, H G M AU - Nuth, J A, III AU - Consolmagno, Guy Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - September 2001 SP - 81 PB - Meteoritical Society, Fayetteville, AR VL - 36 IS - 9, Suppl. SN - 1086-9379, 1086-9379 KW - solar nebula KW - theoretical studies KW - experimental studies KW - cosmic dust KW - extraterrestrial geology KW - natural analogs KW - chemical composition KW - synthetic materials KW - instruments KW - ammonia compound KW - 04:Extraterrestrial geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52151384?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Meteoritics+%26+Planetary+Science&rft.atitle=Catalytic+studies+on+nebular+dust+analogs%3B+successful+production+of+ammonia+via+a+Haber-Bosch+type+synthesis&rft.au=Hill%2C+H+G+M%3BNuth%2C+J+A%2C+III%3BConsolmagno%2C+Guy&rft.aulast=Hill&rft.aufirst=H+G&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=9%2C+Suppl.&rft.spage=81&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Meteoritics+%26+Planetary+Science&rft.issn=10869379&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://cavern.uark.edu/~meteor/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 64th annual meeting of the Meteoritical Society N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 2 N1 - PubXState - AR N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - MERTAW N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - ammonia compound; chemical composition; cosmic dust; experimental studies; extraterrestrial geology; instruments; natural analogs; solar nebula; synthetic materials; theoretical studies ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cooling rate estimates of quenched angrites; approaches by crystallization experiments and cooling rate calculations of olivine xenocrysts AN - 52151097; 2002-009657 JF - Meteoritics & Planetary Science AU - Mikouchi, T AU - Miyamoto, M AU - McKay, G AU - Le, L AU - Consolmagno, Guy Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - September 2001 SP - 134 EP - 135 PB - Meteoritical Society, Fayetteville, AR VL - 36 IS - 9, Suppl. SN - 1086-9379, 1086-9379 KW - silicates KW - experimental studies KW - stony meteorites KW - parent bodies KW - angrite KW - Sahara Meteorites KW - olivine group KW - achondrites KW - nesosilicates KW - mineral inclusions KW - meteorites KW - mineral composition KW - D'Orbigny Meteorite KW - olivine KW - inclusions KW - orthosilicates KW - cooling KW - SAH 99555 KW - crystallization KW - 05B:Petrology of meteorites and tektites UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52151097?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Meteoritics+%26+Planetary+Science&rft.atitle=Cooling+rate+estimates+of+quenched+angrites%3B+approaches+by+crystallization+experiments+and+cooling+rate+calculations+of+olivine+xenocrysts&rft.au=Mikouchi%2C+T%3BMiyamoto%2C+M%3BMcKay%2C+G%3BLe%2C+L%3BConsolmagno%2C+Guy&rft.aulast=Mikouchi&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=9%2C+Suppl.&rft.spage=134&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Meteoritics+%26+Planetary+Science&rft.issn=10869379&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://cavern.uark.edu/~meteor/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 64th annual meeting of the Meteoritical Society N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 2 N1 - PubXState - AR N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - MERTAW N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - achondrites; angrite; cooling; crystallization; D'Orbigny Meteorite; experimental studies; inclusions; meteorites; mineral composition; mineral inclusions; nesosilicates; olivine; olivine group; orthosilicates; parent bodies; SAH 99555; Sahara Meteorites; silicates; stony meteorites ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chondrule precursors in LEW 86134 inferred from partially melted aggregate chondrules AN - 52151036; 2002-009682 JF - Meteoritics & Planetary Science AU - Nettles, J W AU - Lofgren, G L AU - McSween, H Y, Jr AU - Consolmagno, Guy Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - September 2001 SP - 147 EP - 148 PB - Meteoritical Society, Fayetteville, AR VL - 36 IS - 9, Suppl. SN - 1086-9379, 1086-9379 KW - meteorites KW - LEW 86134 KW - mineral composition KW - Antarctica KW - stony meteorites KW - Lewis Cliff Meteorites KW - chondrules KW - angrite KW - chemical composition KW - achondrites KW - 05B:Petrology of meteorites and tektites UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52151036?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Meteoritics+%26+Planetary+Science&rft.atitle=Chondrule+precursors+in+LEW+86134+inferred+from+partially+melted+aggregate+chondrules&rft.au=Nettles%2C+J+W%3BLofgren%2C+G+L%3BMcSween%2C+H+Y%2C+Jr%3BConsolmagno%2C+Guy&rft.aulast=Nettles&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=9%2C+Suppl.&rft.spage=147&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Meteoritics+%26+Planetary+Science&rft.issn=10869379&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://cavern.uark.edu/~meteor/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 64th annual meeting of the Meteoritical Society N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 5 N1 - PubXState - AR N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - MERTAW N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - achondrites; angrite; Antarctica; chemical composition; chondrules; LEW 86134; Lewis Cliff Meteorites; meteorites; mineral composition; stony meteorites ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reflectance and emittance spectra of Martian Meteorites AN - 52150571; 2002-009440 JF - Meteoritics & Planetary Science AU - Bishop, J L AU - Hamilton, V E AU - Consolmagno, Guy Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - September 2001 SP - 21 EP - 22 PB - Meteoritical Society, Fayetteville, AR VL - 36 IS - 9, Suppl. SN - 1086-9379, 1086-9379 KW - stony meteorites KW - Martian meteorites KW - Elephant Moraine Meteorites KW - achondrites KW - emission spectra KW - SNC Meteorites KW - meteorites KW - EETA 79001 KW - Allan Hills Meteorites KW - mineral composition KW - Antarctica KW - shergottite KW - spectra KW - ALH 84001 KW - reflectance KW - 05B:Petrology of meteorites and tektites UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52150571?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Meteoritics+%26+Planetary+Science&rft.atitle=Reflectance+and+emittance+spectra+of+Martian+Meteorites&rft.au=Bishop%2C+J+L%3BHamilton%2C+V+E%3BConsolmagno%2C+Guy&rft.aulast=Bishop&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=9%2C+Suppl.&rft.spage=21&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Meteoritics+%26+Planetary+Science&rft.issn=10869379&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://cavern.uark.edu/~meteor/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 64th annual meeting of the Meteoritical Society N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 8 N1 - PubXState - AR N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - MERTAW N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - achondrites; ALH 84001; Allan Hills Meteorites; Antarctica; EETA 79001; Elephant Moraine Meteorites; emission spectra; Martian meteorites; meteorites; mineral composition; reflectance; shergottite; SNC Meteorites; spectra; stony meteorites ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Unit-cell dimensions of experimentally shock-loaded quartz revisited AN - 52150152; 2002-010098 JF - Meteoritics & Planetary Science AU - Skala, R AU - Hoerz, F AU - Consolmagno, Guy J Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - September 2001 SP - 192 EP - 193 PB - Meteoritical Society, Fayetteville, AR VL - 36 IS - 9, Suppl. SN - 1086-9379, 1086-9379 KW - silicates KW - experimental studies KW - single-crystal method KW - silica minerals KW - unit cell KW - quartz KW - framework silicates KW - crystal structure KW - metamorphism KW - shock metamorphism KW - 01B:Mineralogy of silicates UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52150152?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Meteoritics+%26+Planetary+Science&rft.atitle=Unit-cell+dimensions+of+experimentally+shock-loaded+quartz+revisited&rft.au=Skala%2C+R%3BHoerz%2C+F%3BConsolmagno%2C+Guy+J&rft.aulast=Skala&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=9%2C+Suppl.&rft.spage=192&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Meteoritics+%26+Planetary+Science&rft.issn=10869379&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://cavern.uark.edu/~meteor/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 64th annual meeting of the Meteoritical Society N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 15 N1 - PubXState - AR N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - crystal structure; experimental studies; framework silicates; metamorphism; quartz; shock metamorphism; silica minerals; silicates; single-crystal method; unit cell ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Six new chondrite finds from Dar al Gani and Hamada al Hamra, Libya AN - 52150065; 2002-010095 JF - Meteoritics & Planetary Science AU - Sipiera, P P AU - Jerman, G A AU - Pelisson, Richard AU - Pelisson, Roland AU - Consolmagno, Guy J Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - September 2001 SP - 190 EP - 191 PB - Meteoritical Society, Fayetteville, AR VL - 36 IS - 9, Suppl. SN - 1086-9379, 1086-9379 KW - meteorites KW - ordinary chondrites KW - mineral composition KW - stony meteorites KW - Dar al Gani Meteorites KW - classification KW - LL chondrites KW - H chondrites KW - chondrites KW - chemical composition KW - Hammadah al Hamra Meteorites KW - 05B:Petrology of meteorites and tektites UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52150065?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Meteoritics+%26+Planetary+Science&rft.atitle=Six+new+chondrite+finds+from+Dar+al+Gani+and+Hamada+al+Hamra%2C+Libya&rft.au=Sipiera%2C+P+P%3BJerman%2C+G+A%3BPelisson%2C+Richard%3BPelisson%2C+Roland%3BConsolmagno%2C+Guy+J&rft.aulast=Sipiera&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=9%2C+Suppl.&rft.spage=190&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Meteoritics+%26+Planetary+Science&rft.issn=10869379&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://cavern.uark.edu/~meteor/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 64th annual meeting of the Meteoritical Society N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - PubXState - AR N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - chemical composition; chondrites; classification; Dar al Gani Meteorites; H chondrites; Hammadah al Hamra Meteorites; LL chondrites; meteorites; mineral composition; ordinary chondrites; stony meteorites ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Space weathering of Apollo 14 soils; chemical characterization for integration with reflectance spectra AN - 52149797; 2002-010121 JF - Meteoritics & Planetary Science AU - Taylor, L A AU - Patchen, A AU - Morris, R V AU - Cahill, J AU - Anderson, E AU - Pieters, C AU - Keller, L AU - McKay, D S AU - Consolmagno, Guy J Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - September 2001 SP - 204 EP - 205 PB - Meteoritical Society, Fayetteville, AR VL - 36 IS - 9, Suppl. SN - 1086-9379, 1086-9379 KW - lunar samples KW - mineral composition KW - Moon KW - extraterrestrial geology KW - lunar highlands KW - chemical composition KW - reflectance KW - weathering KW - lunar soils KW - 04:Extraterrestrial geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52149797?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Meteoritics+%26+Planetary+Science&rft.atitle=Space+weathering+of+Apollo+14+soils%3B+chemical+characterization+for+integration+with+reflectance+spectra&rft.au=Taylor%2C+L+A%3BPatchen%2C+A%3BMorris%2C+R+V%3BCahill%2C+J%3BAnderson%2C+E%3BPieters%2C+C%3BKeller%2C+L%3BMcKay%2C+D+S%3BConsolmagno%2C+Guy+J&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=9%2C+Suppl.&rft.spage=204&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Meteoritics+%26+Planetary+Science&rft.issn=10869379&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://cavern.uark.edu/~meteor/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 64th annual meeting of the Meteoritical Society N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 10 N1 - PubXState - AR N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - chemical composition; extraterrestrial geology; lunar highlands; lunar samples; lunar soils; mineral composition; Moon; reflectance; weathering ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mossbauer spectra of circumstellar silicate dust analogues hydrated during use as a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst AN - 52149606; 2002-009553 JF - Meteoritics & Planetary Science AU - Hoffman, E J AU - Hill, H G M AU - Nuth, J A, III AU - Consolmagno, Guy Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - September 2001 SP - 81 EP - 82 PB - Meteoritical Society, Fayetteville, AR VL - 36 IS - 9, Suppl. SN - 1086-9379, 1086-9379 KW - silicates KW - experimental studies KW - stony meteorites KW - interplanetary dust KW - meteorites KW - hydration KW - theoretical studies KW - cosmic dust KW - extraterrestrial geology KW - natural analogs KW - spectra KW - chondrites KW - synthetic materials KW - Mossbauer spectra KW - 04:Extraterrestrial geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52149606?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Meteoritics+%26+Planetary+Science&rft.atitle=Mossbauer+spectra+of+circumstellar+silicate+dust+analogues+hydrated+during+use+as+a+Fischer-Tropsch+catalyst&rft.au=Hoffman%2C+E+J%3BHill%2C+H+G+M%3BNuth%2C+J+A%2C+III%3BConsolmagno%2C+Guy&rft.aulast=Hoffman&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=9%2C+Suppl.&rft.spage=81&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Meteoritics+%26+Planetary+Science&rft.issn=10869379&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://cavern.uark.edu/~meteor/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 64th annual meeting of the Meteoritical Society N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 5 N1 - PubXState - AR N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - MERTAW N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - chondrites; cosmic dust; experimental studies; extraterrestrial geology; hydration; interplanetary dust; meteorites; Mossbauer spectra; natural analogs; silicates; spectra; stony meteorites; synthetic materials; theoretical studies ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interstellar diamond analog synthesis and characterization AN - 52149379; 2002-010037 JF - Meteoritics & Planetary Science AU - Phelps, A W AU - Hill, H G M AU - Consolmagno, Guy J Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - September 2001 SP - 162 EP - 163 PB - Meteoritical Society, Fayetteville, AR VL - 36 IS - 9, Suppl. SN - 1086-9379, 1086-9379 KW - experimental studies KW - crystal structure KW - native elements KW - Beenakker Cell KW - models KW - laboratory studies KW - cosmic dust KW - mineral composition KW - extraterrestrial geology KW - diamond KW - chemical composition KW - synthetic materials KW - instruments KW - 04:Extraterrestrial geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52149379?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Meteoritics+%26+Planetary+Science&rft.atitle=Interstellar+diamond+analog+synthesis+and+characterization&rft.au=Phelps%2C+A+W%3BHill%2C+H+G+M%3BConsolmagno%2C+Guy+J&rft.aulast=Phelps&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=9%2C+Suppl.&rft.spage=162&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Meteoritics+%26+Planetary+Science&rft.issn=10869379&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://cavern.uark.edu/~meteor/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 64th annual meeting of the Meteoritical Society N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 2 N1 - PubXState - AR N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Beenakker Cell; chemical composition; cosmic dust; crystal structure; diamond; experimental studies; extraterrestrial geology; instruments; laboratory studies; mineral composition; models; native elements; synthetic materials ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Transformation processes of interplanetary dust particles due to terrestrial environment AN - 52149008; 2002-010151 JF - Meteoritics & Planetary Science AU - Weber, I AU - Kloeck, W AU - Nakamura, K AU - Jessberger, E K AU - Consolmagno, Guy J Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - September 2001 SP - 221 PB - Meteoritical Society, Fayetteville, AR VL - 36 IS - 9, Suppl. SN - 1086-9379, 1086-9379 KW - physical properties KW - mineral composition KW - comets KW - Rosetta Program KW - asteroids KW - extraterrestrial geology KW - petrography KW - chemical composition KW - interplanetary dust KW - 04:Extraterrestrial geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52149008?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Meteoritics+%26+Planetary+Science&rft.atitle=Transformation+processes+of+interplanetary+dust+particles+due+to+terrestrial+environment&rft.au=Weber%2C+I%3BKloeck%2C+W%3BNakamura%2C+K%3BJessberger%2C+E+K%3BConsolmagno%2C+Guy+J&rft.aulast=Weber&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=9%2C+Suppl.&rft.spage=221&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Meteoritics+%26+Planetary+Science&rft.issn=10869379&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://cavern.uark.edu/~meteor/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 64th annual meeting of the Meteoritical Society N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 5 N1 - PubXState - AR N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - asteroids; chemical composition; comets; extraterrestrial geology; interplanetary dust; mineral composition; petrography; physical properties; Rosetta Program ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Asteroid constraints on multiple near-earth asteroid sample return AN - 52148698; 2002-010087 JF - Meteoritics & Planetary Science AU - Sears, D W G AU - Gefert, L AU - Scheeres, D J AU - Consolmagno, Guy J Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - September 2001 SP - 186 EP - 187 PB - Meteoritical Society, Fayetteville, AR VL - 36 IS - 9, Suppl. SN - 1086-9379, 1086-9379 KW - NEAR Program KW - asteroids KW - extraterrestrial geology KW - orbits KW - Hera Program KW - current research KW - 04:Extraterrestrial geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52148698?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Meteoritics+%26+Planetary+Science&rft.atitle=Asteroid+constraints+on+multiple+near-earth+asteroid+sample+return&rft.au=Sears%2C+D+W+G%3BGefert%2C+L%3BScheeres%2C+D+J%3BConsolmagno%2C+Guy+J&rft.aulast=Sears&rft.aufirst=D+W&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=9%2C+Suppl.&rft.spage=186&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Meteoritics+%26+Planetary+Science&rft.issn=10869379&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://cavern.uark.edu/~meteor/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 64th annual meeting of the Meteoritical Society N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 4 N1 - PubXState - AR N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - asteroids; current research; extraterrestrial geology; Hera Program; NEAR Program; orbits ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Live (super 53) Mn and (super 26) Al in an unique cumulate eucrite with very calcic feldspar (An approximately 98) AN - 52147650; 2002-010015 JF - Meteoritics & Planetary Science AU - Nyquist, L E AU - Reese, Y AU - Wiesman, H AU - Shih, C Y AU - Takeda, H AU - Consolmagno, Guy J Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - September 2001 SP - 151 EP - 152 PB - Meteoritical Society, Fayetteville, AR VL - 36 IS - 9, Suppl. SN - 1086-9379, 1086-9379 KW - silicates KW - stony meteorites KW - isotopes KW - Asuka Meteorites KW - parent bodies KW - calcic composition KW - Asuka 881394 KW - metamorphism KW - manganese KW - achondrites KW - Mn-53 KW - meteorites KW - Al-26 KW - radioactive isotopes KW - mineral composition KW - metals KW - aluminum KW - eucrite KW - framework silicates KW - chemical composition KW - feldspar group KW - 05B:Petrology of meteorites and tektites UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52147650?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Meteoritics+%26+Planetary+Science&rft.atitle=Live+%28super+53%29+Mn+and+%28super+26%29+Al+in+an+unique+cumulate+eucrite+with+very+calcic+feldspar+%28An+approximately+98%29&rft.au=Nyquist%2C+L+E%3BReese%2C+Y%3BWiesman%2C+H%3BShih%2C+C+Y%3BTakeda%2C+H%3BConsolmagno%2C+Guy+J&rft.aulast=Nyquist&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=9%2C+Suppl.&rft.spage=151&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Meteoritics+%26+Planetary+Science&rft.issn=10869379&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://cavern.uark.edu/~meteor/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 64th annual meeting of the Meteoritical Society N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 10 N1 - PubXState - AR N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - achondrites; Al-26; aluminum; Asuka 881394; Asuka Meteorites; calcic composition; chemical composition; eucrite; feldspar group; framework silicates; isotopes; manganese; metals; metamorphism; meteorites; mineral composition; Mn-53; parent bodies; radioactive isotopes; silicates; stony meteorites ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Condensation processes in astrophysical environments; the composition and structure of cometary grains AN - 52144762; 2002-010014 JF - Meteoritics & Planetary Science AU - Nuth, J A, III AU - Rietmeijer, F J M AU - Consolmagno, Guy J Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - September 2001 SP - 151 PB - Meteoritical Society, Fayetteville, AR VL - 36 IS - 9, Suppl. SN - 1086-9379, 1086-9379 KW - mineral composition KW - comets KW - extraterrestrial geology KW - condensation KW - chemical composition KW - 04:Extraterrestrial geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52144762?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Meteoritics+%26+Planetary+Science&rft.atitle=Condensation+processes+in+astrophysical+environments%3B+the+composition+and+structure+of+cometary+grains&rft.au=Nuth%2C+J+A%2C+III%3BRietmeijer%2C+F+J+M%3BConsolmagno%2C+Guy+J&rft.aulast=Nuth&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=9%2C+Suppl.&rft.spage=151&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Meteoritics+%26+Planetary+Science&rft.issn=10869379&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://cavern.uark.edu/~meteor/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 64th annual meeting of the Meteoritical Society N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 13 N1 - PubXState - AR N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - chemical composition; comets; condensation; extraterrestrial geology; mineral composition ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of data obtained during the March 2001 observing campaign of the MUSES-C target asteroid 1998 SF36 AN - 50306091; 2002-009579 JF - Meteoritics & Planetary Science AU - Kelley, Michael S AU - Vilas, F AU - Lederer, S M AU - Jarvis, K S AU - Larson, S M AU - Abell, P A AU - Consolmagno, Guy Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - September 2001 SP - 95 EP - 96 PB - Meteoritical Society, Fayetteville, AR VL - 36 IS - 9, Suppl. SN - 1086-9379, 1086-9379 KW - NEAR Program KW - near-Earth objects KW - infrared methods KW - Eros Asteroid KW - asteroids KW - near-Earth asteroids KW - geophysical methods KW - S-type asteroids KW - 04:Extraterrestrial geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50306091?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Meteoritics+%26+Planetary+Science&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+data+obtained+during+the+March+2001+observing+campaign+of+the+MUSES-C+target+asteroid+1998+SF36&rft.au=Ross%2C+David+S%3BLemke%2C+Kono+H%3BMatsuno%2C+Koichiro%3BGoolish%2C+Edward+M&rft.aulast=Ross&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2001-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=312&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Astrobiology&rft.issn=15311074&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://cavern.uark.edu/~meteor/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 64th annual meeting of the Meteoritical Society N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 1 N1 - PubXState - AR N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - MERTAW N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - asteroids; Eros Asteroid; geophysical methods; infrared methods; NEAR Program; near-Earth asteroids; near-Earth objects; S-type asteroids ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Elemental composition of asteroid 433 Eros; results from the NEAR-Shoemaker X-ray/gamma-ray spectrometer and comparison with meteorites AN - 50305072; 2002-009450 JF - Meteoritics & Planetary Science AU - Boynton, W V AU - Trombka, J I AU - Starr, R D AU - Evans, L G AU - Nittler, L R AU - McCoy, T J AU - Burbine, T H AU - Brueckner, J AU - Gorenstein, P AU - Squyres, S W AU - Goldsten, J O AU - Lim, L AU - Hurley, K AU - Reedy, R C AU - Clark, P E AU - Floyd, S R AU - McClanahan, T P AU - McCartney, J E AU - Branscomb, J AU - Hamara, D K AU - Bhangoo, J S AU - Mikheeva (Mikheyeva), I AU - Murphy, M E AU - Consolmagno, Guy Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - September 2001 SP - 27 EP - 28 PB - Meteoritical Society, Fayetteville, AR VL - 36 IS - 9, Suppl. SN - 1086-9379, 1086-9379 KW - near-Earth objects KW - Eros Asteroid KW - asteroids KW - near-Earth asteroids KW - NEAR Program KW - meteorites KW - X-ray data KW - gamma-ray spectra KW - S-type asteroids KW - spectra KW - chemical composition KW - instruments KW - 04:Extraterrestrial geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50305072?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Meteoritics+%26+Planetary+Science&rft.atitle=Elemental+composition+of+asteroid+433+Eros%3B+results+from+the+NEAR-Shoemaker+X-ray%2Fgamma-ray+spectrometer+and+comparison+with+meteorites&rft.au=Boynton%2C+W+V%3BTrombka%2C+J+I%3BStarr%2C+R+D%3BEvans%2C+L+G%3BNittler%2C+L+R%3BMcCoy%2C+T+J%3BBurbine%2C+T+H%3BBrueckner%2C+J%3BGorenstein%2C+P%3BSquyres%2C+S+W%3BGoldsten%2C+J+O%3BLim%2C+L%3BHurley%2C+K%3BReedy%2C+R+C%3BClark%2C+P+E%3BFloyd%2C+S+R%3BMcClanahan%2C+T+P%3BMcCartney%2C+J+E%3BBranscomb%2C+J%3BHamara%2C+D+K%3BBhangoo%2C+J+S%3BMikheeva+%28Mikheyeva%29%2C+I%3BMurphy%2C+M+E%3BConsolmagno%2C+Guy&rft.aulast=Boynton&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=9%2C+Suppl.&rft.spage=27&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Meteoritics+%26+Planetary+Science&rft.issn=10869379&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://cavern.uark.edu/~meteor/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 64th annual meeting of the Meteoritical Society N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 1 N1 - PubXState - AR N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - MERTAW N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - asteroids; chemical composition; Eros Asteroid; gamma-ray spectra; instruments; meteorites; NEAR Program; near-Earth asteroids; near-Earth objects; S-type asteroids; spectra; X-ray data ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dynamic crystallization of the Queen Alexandra Range 94201 shergottite AN - 50302965; 2002-009591 JF - Meteoritics & Planetary Science AU - Koizumi, E AU - Mikouchi, T AU - McKay, G AU - Le, L AU - Schwandt, C AU - Consolmagno, Guy Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - September 2001 SP - 102 PB - Meteoritical Society, Fayetteville, AR VL - 36 IS - 9, Suppl. SN - 1086-9379, 1086-9379 KW - Transantarctic Mountains KW - silicates KW - Queen Alexandra Range KW - experimental studies KW - stony meteorites KW - Martian meteorites KW - Mars KW - QUE 94201 KW - achondrites KW - terrestrial planets KW - SNC Meteorites KW - planets KW - meteorites KW - pyroxene group KW - mineral composition KW - Antarctica KW - shergottite KW - Queen Alexandra Range Meteorites KW - chemical composition KW - chain silicates KW - 05B:Petrology of meteorites and tektites UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50302965?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Meteoritics+%26+Planetary+Science&rft.atitle=Dynamic+crystallization+of+the+Queen+Alexandra+Range+94201+shergottite&rft.au=Koizumi%2C+E%3BMikouchi%2C+T%3BMcKay%2C+G%3BLe%2C+L%3BSchwandt%2C+C%3BConsolmagno%2C+Guy&rft.aulast=Koizumi&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=9%2C+Suppl.&rft.spage=102&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Meteoritics+%26+Planetary+Science&rft.issn=10869379&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://cavern.uark.edu/~meteor/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 64th annual meeting of the Meteoritical Society N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 5 N1 - PubXState - AR N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - MERTAW N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - achondrites; Antarctica; chain silicates; chemical composition; experimental studies; Mars; Martian meteorites; meteorites; mineral composition; planets; pyroxene group; QUE 94201; Queen Alexandra Range; Queen Alexandra Range Meteorites; shergottite; silicates; SNC Meteorites; stony meteorites; terrestrial planets; Transantarctic Mountains ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Martian meteorites unveil secrets of the red planet AN - 50302800; 2002-009521 JF - Meteoritics & Planetary Science AU - Gibson, E K, Jr AU - Consolmagno, Guy Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - September 2001 SP - 64 EP - 65 PB - Meteoritical Society, Fayetteville, AR VL - 36 IS - 9, Suppl. SN - 1086-9379, 1086-9379 KW - isotope fractionation KW - stony meteorites KW - oxygen KW - isotopes KW - Martian meteorites KW - isotope ratios KW - Viking Program KW - Mars KW - Elephant Moraine Meteorites KW - O-18/O-16 KW - achondrites KW - stable isotopes KW - terrestrial planets KW - SNC Meteorites KW - planets KW - meteorites KW - EETA 79001 KW - shergottite KW - chemical composition KW - 05B:Petrology of meteorites and tektites KW - 04:Extraterrestrial geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50302800?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Meteoritics+%26+Planetary+Science&rft.atitle=Martian+meteorites+unveil+secrets+of+the+red+planet&rft.au=Gibson%2C+E+K%2C+Jr%3BConsolmagno%2C+Guy&rft.aulast=Gibson&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=9%2C+Suppl.&rft.spage=64&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Meteoritics+%26+Planetary+Science&rft.issn=10869379&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://cavern.uark.edu/~meteor/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 64th annual meeting of the Meteoritical Society N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 18 N1 - PubXState - AR N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - MERTAW N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - achondrites; chemical composition; EETA 79001; Elephant Moraine Meteorites; isotope fractionation; isotope ratios; isotopes; Mars; Martian meteorites; meteorites; O-18/O-16; oxygen; planets; shergottite; SNC Meteorites; stable isotopes; stony meteorites; terrestrial planets; Viking Program ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Wind-related modification of some small impact craters on Mars AN - 50301210; 2003-034820 JF - Icarus AU - Kuzmin, Ruslan O AU - Greeley, Ronald AU - Rafkin, Scot C R AU - Haberle, Robert Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - September 2001 SP - 61 EP - 70 PB - Academic Press, New York, NY VL - 153 IS - 1 SN - 0019-1035, 0019-1035 KW - general circulation models KW - Mars Pathfinder Program KW - Mars Orbiter KW - impact features KW - atmosphere KW - Mars KW - terrestrial planets KW - planets KW - photogeology KW - surface features KW - impact craters KW - geomorphology KW - wind transport KW - remote sensing KW - 04:Extraterrestrial geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50301210?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Icarus&rft.atitle=Wind-related+modification+of+some+small+impact+craters+on+Mars&rft.au=Kuzmin%2C+Ruslan+O%3BGreeley%2C+Ronald%3BRafkin%2C+Scot+C+R%3BHaberle%2C+Robert&rft.aulast=Kuzmin&rft.aufirst=Ruslan&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=153&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=61&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Icarus&rft.issn=00191035&rft_id=info:doi/10.1006%2Ficar.2001.6654 L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00191035 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2003-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 22 N1 - PubXState - NY N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - SuppNotes - Accessed on March 20, 2003 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - ICRSA5 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - atmosphere; general circulation models; geomorphology; impact craters; impact features; Mars; Mars Orbiter; Mars Pathfinder Program; photogeology; planets; remote sensing; surface features; terrestrial planets; wind transport DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/icar.2001.6654 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - X-ray diffractions study of experimentally shocked anhydrite; a preliminary report AN - 50296139; 2002-010097 JF - Meteoritics & Planetary Science AU - Skala, R AU - Hoerz, F AU - Consolmagno, Guy J Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - September 2001 SP - 192 PB - Meteoritical Society, Fayetteville, AR VL - 36 IS - 9, Suppl. SN - 1086-9379, 1086-9379 KW - anhydrite KW - lower Paleocene KW - experimental studies KW - impactites KW - X-ray diffraction data KW - sulfates KW - Cretaceous KW - Paleogene KW - metamorphism KW - Upper Cretaceous KW - Mesozoic KW - Cenozoic KW - Tertiary KW - mineral composition KW - K-T boundary KW - Paleocene KW - metamorphic rocks KW - stratigraphic boundary KW - chemical composition KW - shock metamorphism KW - 01C:Mineralogy of non-silicates UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50296139?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Meteoritics+%26+Planetary+Science&rft.atitle=X-ray+diffractions+study+of+experimentally+shocked+anhydrite%3B+a+preliminary+report&rft.au=Skala%2C+R%3BHoerz%2C+F%3BConsolmagno%2C+Guy+J&rft.aulast=Skala&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=9%2C+Suppl.&rft.spage=192&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Meteoritics+%26+Planetary+Science&rft.issn=10869379&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://cavern.uark.edu/~meteor/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 64th annual meeting of the Meteoritical Society N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 12 N1 - PubXState - AR N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - anhydrite; Cenozoic; chemical composition; Cretaceous; experimental studies; impactites; K-T boundary; lower Paleocene; Mesozoic; metamorphic rocks; metamorphism; mineral composition; Paleocene; Paleogene; shock metamorphism; stratigraphic boundary; sulfates; Tertiary; Upper Cretaceous; X-ray diffraction data ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multidomain hematite; a source of planetary magnetic anomalies? AN - 50157712; 2002-008352 AB - Thermoremanent magnetization (TRM) in hematite is larger than TRM in magnetite for grain sizes > or = 10 mu m. We show that hematite's weak spontaneous magnetization M (sub s) causes its strong TRM, since the self-demagnetizing field H (sub d) opposing large domain wall displacements is proportional to M (sub s) . In hematite, H (sub d) is comparable to the Earth's magnetic field but in magnetite, H (sub d) is 1000 times larger. As a result, Earth's field TRM of MD hematite ( nearly equal 0.3 Am (super 2) /kg) outweighs TRM and induced magnetization of MD magnetite ( nearly equal 0.01-0.02 Am (super 2) /kg and rivals TRM of single-domain and PSD magnetite as a source of magnetic anomalies on Earth and perhaps on Mars. Copyright 2001 by the American Geophysical Union. JF - Geophysical Research Letters AU - Dunlop, David J AU - Kletetschka, Gunther Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - September 2001 SP - 3345 EP - 3348 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 28 IS - 17 SN - 0094-8276, 0094-8276 KW - spontaneous magnetization KW - demagnetization KW - grain size KW - magnetic domains KW - magnetization KW - magnetic anomalies KW - paleomagnetism KW - magnetic field KW - theoretical studies KW - remanent magnetization KW - pseudo-single domains KW - hematite KW - single domains KW - thermoremanent magnetization KW - oxides KW - crust KW - 18:Solid-earth geophysics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50157712?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geophysical+Research+Letters&rft.atitle=Multidomain+hematite%3B+a+source+of+planetary+magnetic+anomalies%3F&rft.au=Dunlop%2C+David+J%3BKletetschka%2C+Gunther&rft.aulast=Dunlop&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=17&rft.spage=3345&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Astrobiology&rft.issn=15311074&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/gl/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 22 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GPRLAJ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - crust; demagnetization; grain size; hematite; magnetic anomalies; magnetic domains; magnetic field; magnetization; oxides; paleomagnetism; pseudo-single domains; remanent magnetization; single domains; spontaneous magnetization; theoretical studies; thermoremanent magnetization DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2001GL013125 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Climate change and the middle atmosphere; 5, Paleostratosphere in cold and warm climates AN - 50156156; 2002-020170 AB - The GISS Global Climate Middle Atmosphere Model is used to investigate how the stratosphere would have changed during two paleotime periods: the cold Last Glacial Maximum ( approximately 21,000 years ago) and the warm Paleocene (58 million years ago). Uncertainties in sea surface temperatures and mountain wave drag over the ice sheets are investigated in sensitivity experiments. In many respects the climate and dynamical forcing of the stratosphere was opposite in these time periods, with reduced CO (sub 2) , increased topography, and increased latitudinal temperature gradients during the ice age, and increased CO (sub 2) , reduced topography and latitudinal temperature gradients during the Paleocene, representative of much of the Tertiary. The results show that the stratospheric response was often of an opposite nature as well, with the ice ages featuring a warmer stratosphere, increased residual circulation in the lower stratosphere (and decreased above), and weakened polar vortices, while the Paleocene simulation had a colder stratosphere, decreased residual circulation in the lower stratosphere (and increased above), with strengthened polar vortices. Analysis shows that the stratospheric response is very individualistic to the particular climate regime, and the opposite effects are not necessarily produced by inversely related mechanisms. Of particular importance in both climates is the reduced latitudinal gradient at high latitudes, which weakens high-latitude zonal winds and limits wave energy vertical propagation. Increased planetary wave forcing in the lower stratosphere accelerates the circulation during the ice ages. A strong increase in zonal winds during the Paleocene is the result of both decreased planetary wave forcing, associated with the reduced topography, and decreased mountain wave drag. The sensitivity experiments show that if tropical sea surface temperatures were warmer, the stratospheric residual circulation was enhanced, while stratospheric warmings are sensitive to the precise sea surface temperature specifications and mountain wave drag. Copyright 2001 by the American Geophysical Union. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Rind, D AU - Chandler, M AU - Lonergan, P AU - Lerner, J Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - September 2001 SP - 20 EP - 20,212 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 106 IS - D17 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - last glacial maximum KW - Quaternary KW - atmosphere KW - global change KW - paleoclimatology KW - environmental analysis KW - Mesozoic KW - ice sheets KW - climate change KW - carbon dioxide KW - Cenozoic KW - paleostratosphere KW - stratosphere KW - paleotemperature KW - glacial environment KW - latitudinal temperature gradients KW - Pleistocene KW - GISS KW - reconstruction KW - glacial geology KW - sea-surface temperature KW - global warming KW - 12:Stratigraphy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50156156?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=Climate+change+and+the+middle+atmosphere%3B+5%2C+Paleostratosphere+in+cold+and+warm+climates&rft.au=Rind%2C+D%3BChandler%2C+M%3BLonergan%2C+P%3BLerner%2C+J&rft.aulast=Rind&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=D17&rft.spage=20&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2000JD900548 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 27 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 27 plates, 4 tables, geol. sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - atmosphere; carbon dioxide; Cenozoic; climate change; environmental analysis; GISS; glacial environment; glacial geology; global change; global warming; ice sheets; last glacial maximum; latitudinal temperature gradients; Mesozoic; paleoclimatology; paleostratosphere; paleotemperature; Pleistocene; Quaternary; reconstruction; sea-surface temperature; stratosphere DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000JD900548 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Theoretical modeling of eruption plumes on Mars under current and past climates AN - 50153715; 2003-047934 AB - We have used a combined conduit transport/eruption column model to explore the evolution of volcanic eruption plumes on Mars under different atmospheric conditions. In the calculations we consider a volatile phase composed of H (sub 2) O, CO (sub 2) , and SO (sub 2) and take into account that the magmatic water erupted at the vent may condense as the eruption column rises into the Martian atmosphere. As two end-member models, we explore the eruption of rhyolitic and basaltic melt compositions containing different amounts of volatiles as well as having different eruption temperatures. Under current Martian atmospheric conditions eruption plumes are found to rise as high as 100 km for a mass eruption rate of 5 X 10 (super 7) kg s (super -1) , which is consistent with model calculations by Wilson and Head [1994]. In contrast, under a dense atmosphere (10 (super 5) Pa on the Martian surface) which may have existed earlier in Martian history, the same eruption plume reaches only about 25 km height. All magmatic water released during the eruption is found to freeze as it rises in the eruption column, which means that fallout from the plume will contain water ice which can be subsequently deposited in near surface layers. This ice may then suddenly melt due to higher surface heat flow or shallow intrusions leading to rapid release of water on the flanks of volcanoes. Only if the atmosphere were hotter in the past could the water in the eruption plume condense and produce rain rather than ice. Furthermore, the calculations show that smaller micron-size particles would be distributed globally from eruption plumes under current Martian conditions but would not have been as widely dispersed from plumes erupted into an earlier dense atmosphere. Copyright 2001 by the American Geophysical Union. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Hort, M AU - Weitz, C M Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - September 2001 SP - 20 EP - 20,562 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 106 IS - E9 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - plumes KW - rhyolitic composition KW - water vapor KW - plinian-type eruptions KW - Mars KW - fluid dynamics KW - melts KW - variations KW - magma transport KW - volcanism KW - velocity KW - basaltic composition KW - fallout KW - vertical movements KW - liquid phase KW - pressure KW - gaseous phase KW - flow mechanism KW - atmosphere KW - equations KW - terrestrial planets KW - solid phase KW - planets KW - volatiles KW - magmas KW - eruptions KW - mathematical methods KW - theoretical models KW - terrestrial comparison KW - decompression KW - ash clouds KW - 04:Extraterrestrial geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50153715?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=Theoretical+modeling+of+eruption+plumes+on+Mars+under+current+and+past+climates&rft.au=Hort%2C+M%3BWeitz%2C+C+M&rft.aulast=Hort&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=E9&rft.spage=20&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2000JE001293 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2003-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 66 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - ash clouds; atmosphere; basaltic composition; decompression; equations; eruptions; fallout; flow mechanism; fluid dynamics; gaseous phase; liquid phase; magma transport; magmas; Mars; mathematical methods; melts; planets; plinian-type eruptions; plumes; pressure; rhyolitic composition; solid phase; terrestrial comparison; terrestrial planets; theoretical models; variations; velocity; vertical movements; volatiles; volcanism; water vapor DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000JE001293 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A multiyear intercomparison of wet troposphere corrections from TOPEX/Poseidon, ERS-1, and ERS-2 microwave radiometers and the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts model AN - 50152748; 2002-036386 AB - Wet troposphere corrections to altimeter measurements calculated from the TOPEX/Poseidon (T/P) Microwave Radiometer (TMR) and the ERS-1 and ERS-2 Microwave Radiometers (EMR1 and EMR2) are compared to each other and to European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) model data. The most recently published correction algorithm for the EMR1 data [Stum et al., 1998] is applied. The suggested drift correction for TMR data [Keihm et al., 1998, 2000] is also evaluated. The corrected EMRl data (1991-1996) produce a global (to + or -66 degrees the T/P latitude range) long-term mean wet troposphere correction 6 and 13 mm lower than TMR and ECMWF, respectively. The EMR2 data (1995-1999) yield a mean wet troposphere correction 2 and 9 mm lower than TMR and ECMWF, respectively. After removing mean differences all three microwave radiometers reproduce similar long-term zonal wet troposphere corrections compared to the ECMWF model (10-14 mm rms) and to each other (5-9 mm rms) with some zonally periodic differences, most <10 mm. The ECMWF model shows variations compared to the radiometers of over 30 mm before 1995, about 20-30 mm from 1995 to 1997, and up to 20 mm from 1998 to 1999. The intersatellite differences include a latitudinally dependent annual signal, reaching 10 mm in amplitude. Before correcting for the TMR drift there exists a global relative TMR-EMR1 drift of -1.6 + or - 0.4 mm y (super -1) , from 1992 to 1996. After correcting for the TMR drift the TMR-EMR1 trend is reduced to -0.4 + or - 0.2 mm y (super -1) , supporting the TMR drift correction. The TMR-EMR2 trend changes sign (direction) after an anomaly that occurred in one of the EMR2 brightness temperatures during June 1996. Before the anomaly, with (without) the TMR correction the relative TMR-EMR2 trend is -3.0 + or - 1.9 (-4.0 + or - 2.1) mm y (super -1) , again supporting the TMR drift correction. After the anomaly, through 1997 the TMR-EMR trend is 3.7 + or - 1.2 mm y (super -1) , and from 1998 to 1999 it is 0.8 + or - 0.6 mm y (super -1) . Copyright 2001 by the American Geophysical Union. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Urban, T J AU - Pekker, T AU - Tapley, B D AU - Kruizinga, G L AU - Shum, C K Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - September 2001 SP - 19 EP - 19,669 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 106 IS - C9 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - wet troposphere KW - sea surface height KW - ocean circulation KW - European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts KW - prediction KW - altimetry KW - troposphere KW - geodesy KW - satellite methods KW - environmental analysis KW - temperature KW - models KW - microwave methods KW - sea-level changes KW - ocean waves KW - ERS KW - seasonal variations KW - corrections KW - algorithms KW - meteorology KW - climate KW - TOPEX/POSEIDON KW - remote sensing KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50152748?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=A+multiyear+intercomparison+of+wet+troposphere+corrections+from+TOPEX%2FPoseidon%2C+ERS-1%2C+and+ERS-2+microwave+radiometers+and+the+European+Centre+for+Medium-Range+Weather+Forecasts+model&rft.au=Minard%2C+R+D%3BFiddler%2C+M+N%3BShields%2C+E+P%3BMueller%2C+K+T%3BJones%2C+A+D%3BEastwood%2C+A+L%3BSchendel%2C+J%3BGoolish%2C+Edward+M&rft.aulast=Minard&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2001-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=307&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Astrobiology&rft.issn=15311074&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 40 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 4 plates, 3 tables, geol. sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - algorithms; altimetry; climate; corrections; environmental analysis; ERS; European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts; geodesy; meteorology; microwave methods; models; ocean circulation; ocean waves; prediction; remote sensing; satellite methods; sea surface height; sea-level changes; seasonal variations; temperature; TOPEX/POSEIDON; troposphere; wet troposphere DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2001JC000486 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of ACE inhibition and angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockade on cardiac function and G proteins in rats with chronic heart failure AN - 217183552; 11522607 AB - 1. Inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) improves symptoms and prognosis in heart failure. The experimental basis for these benefits remains unclear. We examined the effects of inhibition of ACE or blockade of angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor on the haemodynamics, cardiac G-proteins, and collagen synthesis of rats with coronary artery ligation (CAL), a model in which chronic heart failure (CHF) is induced. 2. Rats were orally treated with the ACE inhibitor trandolapril (3 mg kg(-1) day(-1)) or the AT1 receptor blocker L-158809 (1 mg kg(-1) day(-1)) from the 2nd to 8th week after CAL. CAL resulted in decreases in the left ventricular systolic pressure and its positive and negative dP/dt, an increase in the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, and the rightward shift of the left ventricular pressure-volume curve. Long-term treatment with either drug improved these signs of CHF to a similar degree. 3. Cardiac Gsalpha and Gqalpha protein levels decreased, whereas the level of Gialpha protein increased in the animals with CHF. Long-term treatment with trandolapril or L-158809 attenuated the increase in the level of cardiac Gialpha protein of the animals with CHF without affecting Gsalpha and Gqalpha protein levels. Cardiac collagen content of the failing heart increased, whose increase was blocked by treatment with either drug. 4. Exogenous angiotensin I stimulated collagen synthesis in cultured cardiac fibroblasts, whose stimulation was attenuated by either drug. 5. These results suggest that blockade of the RAS, at either the receptor level or the synthetic enzyme level, may attenuate the cardiac fibrosis that occurs after CAL and thus affect the remodelling of the failing heart. JF - British Journal of Pharmacology AU - Yoshida, Hiroyuki AU - Takahashi, Masaya AU - Tanonaka, Kouichi AU - Maki, Toshiyuki AU - Nasa, Yoshihisa AU - Takeo, Satoshi Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - Sep 2001 SP - 150 EP - 60 CY - London PB - Blackwell Publishing Ltd. VL - 134 IS - 1 SN - 00071188 KW - Pharmacy And Pharmacology KW - Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors KW - Imidazoles KW - Indoles KW - Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1 KW - Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2 KW - Receptors, Angiotensin KW - Tetrazoles KW - Angiotensin II KW - L 158809 KW - trandolapril KW - Collagen KW - Angiotensin I KW - Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A KW - GTP-Binding Proteins KW - Hemodynamics -- drug effects KW - Collagen -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Imidazoles -- pharmacology KW - Collagen -- metabolism KW - Lung -- growth & development KW - Heart Failure -- pathology KW - Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors -- pharmacology KW - Rats KW - Heart Septum -- metabolism KW - Heart Ventricles -- physiopathology KW - Male KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Heart Septum -- drug effects KW - Fibroblasts -- drug effects KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Angiotensin I -- pharmacology KW - Heart Septum -- physiopathology KW - Heart Failure -- metabolism KW - Fibroblasts -- metabolism KW - Angiotensin II -- pharmacology KW - Tetrazoles -- pharmacology KW - GTP-Binding Proteins -- metabolism KW - Heart Ventricles -- drug effects KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Rats, Wistar KW - Chronic Disease KW - Indoles -- pharmacology KW - Heart -- physiopathology KW - Heart Ventricles -- pathology KW - Heart Failure -- prevention & control KW - Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A -- drug effects KW - Heart -- drug effects KW - GTP-Binding Proteins -- drug effects KW - Receptors, Angiotensin -- antagonists & inhibitors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/217183552?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthcompleteshell&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=British+Journal+of+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+ACE+inhibition+and+angiotensin+II+type+1+receptor+blockade+on+cardiac+function+and+G+proteins+in+rats+with+chronic+heart+failure&rft.au=Yoshida%2C+Hiroyuki%3BTakahashi%2C+Masaya%3BTanonaka%2C+Kouichi%3BMaki%2C+Toshiyuki%3BNasa%2C+Yoshihisa%3BTakeo%2C+Satoshi&rft.aulast=Yoshida&rft.aufirst=Hiroyuki&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=134&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=150&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=British+Journal+of+Pharmacology&rft.issn=00071188&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fsj.bjp.0704219 LA - English DB - ProQuest Central N1 - Copyright - Copyright Nature Publishing Group Sep 2001 N1 - Last updated - 2012-02-22 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjp.0704219 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ground-based measurements of tropospheric CO, C sub(2)H sub(6), and HCN from Australia at 34 degree S latitude during 1997-1998 AN - 18339153; 5275988 AB - High spectral resolution (0.004 cm super(-1)) infrared solar absorption measurements of CO, C sub(2)H sub(6), and HCN have been recorded with the Fourier transform spectrometer located at the Network for the Detection of Stratospheric Change complementary station at the University of Wollongong, Australia (34.45 degree S, 150.88 degree E, 30 m above sea level). The time series covers March 1997 to February 1998. Profile retrievals with maximum sensitivity in the upper troposphere show distinct seasonal cycles for all three molecules with maxima during October-December 1997. Best fits to the time series of daily averages yield peak 0.03-14 km columns (molecules cm super(-2)) of 1.54 x 10 super(18) for CO, 8.56 x 10 super(15) for C sub(2)H sub(6), and 6.56 x 10 super(15) for HCN during austral spring. Mixing ratio profiles of all three molecules during this time show maxima in the upper troposphere. Isentropic back trajectories suggest the elevated CO, C sub(2)H sub(6), and HCN columns above Wollongong originated from southern Africa or South America with no significant contribution from the intense tropical Asian emissions during the strong El Nino event of 1997-1998. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research. D. Atmospheres AU - Rinsland, C P AU - Meier, A AU - Griffith, DWT AU - Chiou, L S AD - NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - Sep 2001 SP - 20 EP - 20,924 PB - American Geophysical Union, 2000 Florida Ave., N.W. Washington, DC 20009 USA, [mailto:cust--ser@kosmos.agu.org] VL - 106 IS - D18 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - ethane KW - hydrocyanic acid KW - Pollution Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - PSE, Australia KW - Australia, New South Wales, Wollongong KW - PSW, South America KW - Troposphere KW - Time series analysis KW - Spectrometry KW - El Nino-Southern Oscillation event-atmospheric composition relationships KW - Carbon monoxide KW - PSW, Africa, South KW - Infrared absorption KW - Atmospheric chemistry KW - Asia KW - Seasonal variations KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - M2 551.510.3/.4:Physical Properties/Composition (551.510.3/.4) KW - M2 551.501:Methods of Observation/Computations (551.501) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18339153?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research.+D.+Atmospheres&rft.atitle=Ground-based+measurements+of+tropospheric+CO%2C+C+sub%282%29H+sub%286%29%2C+and+HCN+from+Australia+at+34+degree+S+latitude+during+1997-1998&rft.au=Rinsland%2C+C+P%3BMeier%2C+A%3BGriffith%2C+DWT%3BChiou%2C+L+S&rft.aulast=Rinsland&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=D18&rft.spage=20&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research.+D.+Atmospheres&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - PSE, Australia; PSW, Africa, South; PSW, South America; Asia; Australia, New South Wales, Wollongong; Atmospheric chemistry; Troposphere; Carbon monoxide; Spectrometry; Seasonal variations; Infrared absorption; Time series analysis; El Nino-Southern Oscillation event-atmospheric composition relationships ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ground-Based Passive Microwave Remote Sensing Observations of Soil Moisture at S-band and L-band With Insight into Measurement Accuracy AN - 18263292; 5312948 AB - A ground-based experiment in passive microwave remote sensing of soil moisture was conducted in Huntsville, AL from July 1-14, 1996. The goal of the experiment was to evaluate the overall performance of an empirically-based retrieval algorithm at S-band and L-band under a different set of conditions and to characterize the site-specific accuracy inherent within the technique. With high temporal frequency observations at S-band and L-band, we were able to observe large scale moisture changes following irrigation and rainfall events, as well as diurnal behavior of surface moisture among three plots, one bare, one covered with short grass and another covered with alfalfa. The L-band emitting depth was determined to be on the order of 0-3 or 0-5 cm below 0.30 cm super(3)/cm super(3) with an indication that it is less at higher moisture values. The S-band emitting depth was not readily distinguishable from L-band. The uncertainty in remotely sensed soil moisture observations due to surface heterogeneity and temporal variability in variables and parameters was characterized by imposing random errors on the most sensitive variables and parameters and computing the confidence limits on the observations. Discrepancies between remotely sensed and gravimetric soil moisture estimates appear to be larger than those we should expect from errors in variable and parameter estimation. This would suggest that a vegetation correction procedure based on more dynamic modeling may be required to improve the accuracy of remotely sensed soil moisture. JF - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing AU - Laymon, CA AU - Crosson, W L AU - Jackson, T J AU - Manu, A AU - Tsegaye, T D AD - Universities Space Research Association, Global Hydrology and Climate Center, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA, charles.laymon@msfc.nasa.gov Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - Sep 2001 SP - 1844 EP - 1858 VL - 39 IS - 9 SN - 0196-2892, 0196-2892 KW - USA, Alabama, Huntsville KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Remote Sensing KW - Microwaves KW - Expeditionary meteorological data KW - Soil moisture variations KW - Remote sensing errors KW - Measuring Instruments KW - Infiltration KW - Microwave radiometric measurement of soil moisture KW - Vegetation influences on radiation KW - Soil Water KW - Soil moisture measurement accuracy KW - M2 551.501.795:Microwave techniques (551.501.795) KW - SW 0845:Water in soils KW - M2 556.131.116:Soil-moisture and groundwater level variations (556.131.116) KW - M2 551.579.5:Soil moisture, percolation (551.579.5) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18263292?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IEEE+Transactions+on+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing&rft.atitle=Ground-Based+Passive+Microwave+Remote+Sensing+Observations+of+Soil+Moisture+at+S-band+and+L-band+With+Insight+into+Measurement+Accuracy&rft.au=Laymon%2C+CA%3BCrosson%2C+W+L%3BJackson%2C+T+J%3BManu%2C+A%3BTsegaye%2C+T+D&rft.aulast=Laymon&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft.date=2001-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=304&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Astrobiology&rft.issn=15311074&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Expeditionary meteorological data; Remote sensing errors; Soil moisture variations; Vegetation influences on radiation; Microwave radiometric measurement of soil moisture; Soil moisture measurement accuracy; Remote Sensing; Microwaves; Measuring Instruments; Infiltration; Soil Water ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Retrieval of Parameters of a Horizontal Hydrometeor Distribution Within the Field of View of a Satellite Microwave Radiometer AN - 18263288; 5312946 AB - The information about variations in a small-scale horizontal hydrometeor distribution (HHD) within the microwave radiometers field of view (FOV) is necessary to subdue "beamfilling" errors in rainfall retrieval. The present study substantiates the potentiality and the method of the determination of some HHD parameters along with a footprint-averaged rainfall from spectral/polarization microwave radiometer measurements. HHD parameters selected for the retrieval provide an effective description of the HHD, and at the same time their variations are detectable and distinguishable from radiometer measurements. In addition, availability of the HHD parameters allows the interpretation of the procedure of screening rainless footprints as a detection of the rainfall signal on the background of the retrieval errors. The method is tested for available hydrometeor profile simulation and demonstrated with the example of tropical rainfall measuring mission microwave imager (TRMM TMI) measurements processing. JF - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing AU - Petrenko, B Z AD - Universities Space Research Association, Global Hydrology and Climate Center, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA, boris.petrenko@msfc.nasa.gov Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - Sep 2001 SP - 1871 EP - 1878 VL - 39 IS - 9 SN - 0196-2892, 0196-2892 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Remote Sensing KW - Hydrometeorology KW - Satellite Technology KW - Microwaves KW - Hydrometeor profile estimation from satellite microwave radiation measurements KW - Radiometry KW - Rainfall KW - Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) KW - Satellite rainfall estimation errors KW - M2 551.501.795:Microwave techniques (551.501.795) KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - M2 551.501.777:Methods of observation and computation of precipitation (551.501.777) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18263288?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IEEE+Transactions+on+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing&rft.atitle=Retrieval+of+Parameters+of+a+Horizontal+Hydrometeor+Distribution+Within+the+Field+of+View+of+a+Satellite+Microwave+Radiometer&rft.au=Petrenko%2C+B+Z&rft.aulast=Petrenko&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1871&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=IEEE+Transactions+on+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing&rft.issn=01962892&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hydrometeor profile estimation from satellite microwave radiation measurements; Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM); Satellite rainfall estimation errors; Hydrometeorology; Remote Sensing; Satellite Technology; Microwaves; Radiometry; Rainfall ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mineralogical and geochemical analyses of Antarctic lake sediments: a study of reflectance and Moessbauer spectroscopy and C, N, and S isotopes with applications for remote sensing on Mars AN - 18188380; 5218876 AB - We analyzed lake-bottom sediments from the Dry Valleys region of Antarctica to study the influence of water chemistry on the mineralogy and geochemistry of these sediments, as well as to evaluate techniques for remote spectral identification of potential biomarker minerals on Mars. Lakes from the Dry Valleys region of Antarctica have been investigated as possible analogs for extinct lake environments on early Mars. Sediment cores were collected in the present study from perennially ice-covered Lake Hoare in the Taylor Valley. These sediments were taken from a core in an oxic region of the lake and another core in an anoxic zone. Differences between the two cores were observed in the sediment color, Fe(II)/Fe(III) ratio, the presence of pyrite, the abundance of Fe, S, and some trace elements, and the C, N, and S isotope fractionation patterns. The results of visible-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (0.3-25 mu m), Moessbauer spectroscopy (77 and 4 K), and X-ray diffraction are combined to determine the mineralogy and composition of these samples. The sediments are dominated by plagioclase, K-feldspar, quartz, and pyroxene. Algal mats grow on the bottom of the lake and organic material has been found throughout the cores. Calcite is abundant in some layers of the sediment core from the shallow, oxic region, and pyrite is abundant in the upper sediment layers of the core from the deep, anoxic region of Lake Hoare. Analysis of the spectroscopic features due to organics and carbonates with respect to the abundance of organic C and carbonate contents was performed in order to select optimal spectral bands for remote identification of these components in planetary regoliths. Carbonate bands near 4 and 6.8 mu m ( similar to 2500 and 1500 cm super(-1)) were detected for carbonate abundances as low as 0.1 wt% CO sub(2). Organic features at 3.38, 3.42, and 3.51 mu m (2960, 2925, and 2850 cm super(-1)) were detected for organic C abundances as low as 0.06 wt% C. The delta super(13)C and delta super(15)N trends show a more complex organic history for the anoxic region sediments than for the oxic region sediments. The biogenic pyrite found in the core from the anoxic zone is associated with depleted delta super(34)S values and high organic C levels and could be used as a potential biomarker mineral for paleolakes on Mars. JF - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta AU - Bishop, J L AU - Lougear, A AU - Newton, J AU - Doran, P T AU - Froeschl, H AU - Trautwein, A X AU - Koerner, W AU - Koeberl, C AD - SETI Institute/NASA-Ames Research Center, MS-239-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA, jbishop@mail.arc.nasa.gov Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - Sep 2001 SP - 2875 EP - 2897 VL - 65 IS - 17 SN - 0016-7037, 0016-7037 KW - Antarctica KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Remote Sensing KW - Sediment chemistry KW - Chemical composition KW - Lake Sediments KW - Carbonates KW - Geochemistry KW - Chemical Analysis KW - Mineralogy KW - Isotope Studies KW - Lake deposits KW - Spectroscopy KW - Polar Regions KW - PSE, Antarctica, Victoria Land, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Taylor Valley, Hoare L. KW - Cores KW - Analytical Methods KW - Sampling KW - Isotope Fractionation KW - SW 0880:Chemical processes KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - Q2 09187:Geochemistry of sediments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18188380?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geochimica+et+Cosmochimica+Acta&rft.atitle=Mineralogical+and+geochemical+analyses+of+Antarctic+lake+sediments%3A+a+study+of+reflectance+and+Moessbauer+spectroscopy+and+C%2C+N%2C+and+S+isotopes+with+applications+for+remote+sensing+on+Mars&rft.au=Bishop%2C+J+L%3BLougear%2C+A%3BNewton%2C+J%3BDoran%2C+P+T%3BFroeschl%2C+H%3BTrautwein%2C+A+X%3BKoerner%2C+W%3BKoeberl%2C+C&rft.aulast=Bishop&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=17&rft.spage=2875&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geochimica+et+Cosmochimica+Acta&rft.issn=00167037&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sediment chemistry; Chemical composition; Cores; Carbonates; Mineralogy; Sampling; Lake deposits; Remote Sensing; Analytical Methods; Lake Sediments; Geochemistry; Chemical Analysis; Isotope Studies; Spectroscopy; Isotope Fractionation; Polar Regions; PSE, Antarctica, Victoria Land, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Taylor Valley, Hoare L. ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Flight testing the parachute system for the Space Station crew return vehicle AN - 17677304; 5345375 AB - NASA has developed and tested a large parafoil for use in landing the International Space Station crew return vehicle. A series of tests using low- velocity airdrop pallets and prototype lifting bodies flights has demonstrated that the parafoil recovery system is a viable option for safely landing a crewed vehicle. The aerodynamic characteristics of the parafoil system have been determined through a series of flight-test maneuvers and subsequently successfully modeled using an eight-degree-of-freedom simulation program. An introduction to the requirements for the crew return vehicle, a description of the parafoil system, an overview of the testing performed, including several significant findings, a description of the techniques used to assess the aerodynamic performance of the parafoil system, and a discussion of the simulation of the parafoil system are presented. JF - Journal of Aircraft AU - Machin, R A AU - Iacomini, C S AU - Cerimele, C J AU - Stein, J M AD - NASA, Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - Sep 2001 SP - 786 EP - 799 VL - 38 IS - 5 SN - 0021-8669, 0021-8669 KW - Space Station KW - prachute systems KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - A01-41676 F1: IVIP 0021-8669,38,5,786,2001 KW - H 2000:Transportation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17677304?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Aircraft&rft.atitle=Flight+testing+the+parachute+system+for+the+Space+Station+crew+return+vehicle&rft.au=Machin%2C+R+A%3BIacomini%2C+C+S%3BCerimele%2C+C+J%3BStein%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Machin&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=786&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Aircraft&rft.issn=00218669&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-03-01 N1 - SuppNotes - AIAA Dispatch; Voice: 800 662 1545; Fax: 816 926 8794. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of Land Surface Fluxes on Precipitation: Inferences from Simulations Forced with Four ARM-CART SCM Datasets AN - 1665487473; 5385817 AB - Four different Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program Cloud and Radiation Test Bed (ARM-CART) Single-Column Model (SCM) datasets were used to force an SCM in a number of simulations performed to study the influence of land surface fluxes on precipitation. The SCM employed Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS-2) GCM physics, which includes a recent version of prognostic cloud scheme (Microphysics of Clouds with Relaxed Arakawa-Schubert), and a land model (Simplified Simple Biosphere Model) coupled to a highly resolved soil hydrological description in the vertical. The four ARM-CART datasets employed in these studies are referred as case 1, case 3, case 4, and case 8. The SCM simulation results broadly confirm the previous findings that an increase in the solar absorption and surface evaporation helps to increase the local rainfall, but they also reveal that the magnitude of the rainfall increase is strongly affected by the ability of the background circulation to promote moist convection. The simulated precipitation increase was as large as 50% of the evapotranspiration increase for case 1 that covered a relatively wet period. It was substantially reduced for cases 3 and 4 covering a normal rainfall period and became negligible for case 8, a dry case. A part of evaporation increase became horizontal divergence of water vapor; this would have the potential of increasing the precipitation downstream of the test region. For a particular background circulation, it was found that the evaporation-precipitation relationship, often defined as recycling ratio, is remarkably robust even for a large range of vegetation covers, soil types, and initial soil moistures. Notwithstanding the limitations of only one-way interaction (i.e., the large scale influencing the regional physics and not vice versa), the current SCM simulations show that recycling ratio is a function of the background circulation and not a regional and/or seasonal feature. Indeed, a vigorous biosphere can help to produce more rainfall under wet conditions but may do little to dislodge a large-scale drought. It is pointed out that even though these inferences are robust, they are prone to weaknesses of the SCM physics as well as the assumption of the large scale remaining unaffected by changes of moist processes. JF - Journal of Climate AU - Sud, Y C AU - Mocko, D M AU - Walker, G K AU - Koster, R D AD - Climate and Radiation Branch, Laboratory for Atmospheres, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - Sep 2001 SP - 3666 EP - 3691 VL - 14 IS - 17 SN - 0894-8755, 0894-8755 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Rainfall models KW - Rainfall-atmospheric circulation relationships KW - Land-atmosphere interaction KW - Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program KW - M2 551.577.11:Structure, formation and dissolution (551.577.11) KW - M2 551.511:Mechanics and Thermodynamics of the Atmosphere (551.511) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1665487473?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Climate&rft.atitle=Influence+of+Land+Surface+Fluxes+on+Precipitation%3A+Inferences+from+Simulations+Forced+with+Four+ARM-CART+SCM+Datasets&rft.au=Sud%2C+Y+C%3BMocko%2C+D+M%3BWalker%2C+G+K%3BKoster%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Sud&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=17&rft.spage=3666&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Climate&rft.issn=08948755&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rainfall models; Rainfall-atmospheric circulation relationships; Land-atmosphere interaction; Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - NASA's stratospheric dust collection and curation program: An inexpensive asteroid and comet sample return mission AN - 39341377; 3622269 AU - Zolensky, ME Y1 - 2001/08/24/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Aug 24 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39341377?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=NASA%27s+stratospheric+dust+collection+and+curation+program%3A+An+inexpensive+asteroid+and+comet+sample+return+mission&rft.au=Zolensky%2C+ME&rft.aulast=Zolensky&rft.aufirst=ME&rft.date=2001-08-24&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: The Mineralogical Society, 41 Queen's Gate, London SW7 5HR, UK; phone: 44-0-20-7584-7516; fax: 44-0-20-7823-8021; email: info@minersoc.org; URL: www.minersoc.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chemical modification of carbonaceous stationary phases by the reduction of diazonium salts. AN - 71145605; 11534722 AB - This paper describes a new strategy for the creation of chemically modified carbonaceous stationary phases. The strategy exploits the electroreduction of arenediazonium salts as a means for functionalizing the surface of glassy carbon (GC) and porous graphitic carbon (PGC) stationary phases. The one-electron reduction of these salts forms an arene radical which then couples via a carbon-carbon linkage to the carbon framework at the surface of the stationary phase. Two arenediazonium-based modifiers were used in evaluating the potential utility of this strategy: 4-nitrobenzenediazonium tetrafluoroborate for the GC and PGC phases and 4-hexylbenzenediazonium tetrafluoroborate for only the PGC phases. Modifications were carried out by packing the phases into a column used for electrochemically modulated liquid chromatography. The effectiveness of the modifications was assessed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and by comparing the liquid separation of a series of mixtures before and after coating deposition. For the nitrobenzyl-modified GC phase, the test mixture contained both anisole and fluoranthene. The performance of the nitrobenzyl- and hexylbenzyl-modified PGC stationary phases was characterized by the separations of substituted phenols (i.e., nitrophenol and resorcinol) and a few important pharmaceutical agents (i.e., hexobarbital, oxazepam, and nitrazepam). The potential utility of this modification procedure to form stationary phases that are stable upon extended exposure to aggressive mobile phases is discussed and briefly examined. JF - Analytical chemistry AU - Harnisch, J A AU - Gazda, D B AU - Anderegg, J W AU - Porter, M D AD - Microanalytical Instrumentation Center, Ames Laboratory-USDOE, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA. Y1 - 2001/08/15/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Aug 15 SP - 3954 EP - 3959 VL - 73 IS - 16 SN - 0003-2700, 0003-2700 KW - Diazonium Compounds KW - 0 KW - 4-nitrobenzene diazonium tetrafluoroborate KW - 73698-41-6 KW - Carbon KW - 7440-44-0 KW - Graphite KW - 7782-42-5 KW - Space life sciences KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Electrochemistry -- methods KW - Chromatography, Liquid -- methods KW - Diazonium Compounds -- chemistry KW - Graphite -- chemistry KW - Carbon -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71145605?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Analytical+chemistry&rft.atitle=Chemical+modification+of+carbonaceous+stationary+phases+by+the+reduction+of+diazonium+salts.&rft.au=Harnisch%2C+J+A%3BGazda%2C+D+B%3BAnderegg%2C+J+W%3BPorter%2C+M+D&rft.aulast=Harnisch&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2001-08-15&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=16&rft.spage=3954&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Analytical+chemistry&rft.issn=00032700&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-09-20 N1 - Date created - 2001-09-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - [Research progresses on degradation mechanism in vivo and medical applications of polylactic acid]. AN - 72232418; 11681349 AB - Polylactic acid (PLA), a kind of aliphatic polyester, is a biodegradable polymer with outstanding biocompatibility. The degradation of PLA is a complex process involving four main phenomena, namely water absorption, ester cleavage, diffusion of soluble oligomers, and solubilization of fragments. This paper emphasizes on the following aspects: 1) present understanding of the hydrolytic degradation and enzymatic degradation of PLA and autocatalystic degradation mechanism in the bulk PLA; 2) main factors influencing PLA degradation; 3) biological results; 4) the development in application of PLA. JF - Hang tian yi xue yu yi xue gong cheng = Space medicine & medical engineering AU - Liu, J W AU - Zhao, Q AU - Wan, C X AD - Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China. Y1 - 2001/08// PY - 2001 DA - August 2001 SP - 308 EP - 312 VL - 14 IS - 4 SN - 1002-0837, 1002-0837 KW - Biocompatible Materials KW - 0 KW - Enzymes KW - Polyesters KW - Polymers KW - Lactic Acid KW - 33X04XA5AT KW - poly(lactide) KW - 459TN2L5F5 KW - Space life sciences KW - Biodegradation, Environmental KW - Hydrolysis KW - Aerospace Medicine KW - Polymers -- chemistry KW - Lactic Acid -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72232418?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hang+tian+yi+xue+yu+yi+xue+gong+cheng+%3D+Space+medicine+%26+medical+engineering&rft.atitle=%5BResearch+progresses+on+degradation+mechanism+in+vivo+and+medical+applications+of+polylactic+acid%5D.&rft.au=Liu%2C+J+W%3BZhao%2C+Q%3BWan%2C+C+X&rft.aulast=Liu&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=308&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hang+tian+yi+xue+yu+yi+xue+gong+cheng+%3D+Space+medicine+%26+medical+engineering&rft.issn=10020837&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - chi DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-01-17 N1 - Date created - 2001-10-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - [A study on breeding of "Ganzaoxian 47" from dry seeds of rice carried by recoverable satellite]. AN - 72231922; 11681344 AB - To observe and investigate the variation and heredity of the offspring of dry seeds of rice carried by satellite, hence to select early maturing mutants, and to cultivate directly "Ganzaoxian 47" new varieties for production application. Isozymes analyses and studies of the new varieties and its original CK varieties were made. Dry seeds of rice restorer line were carried to the space on board a recoverable satellite for 7 d in 1992. After recovery the seeds were planted in the field to study the agricultural characters, yield, disease resistance, rice quality and peroxidase isozymes change. Its agricultural characters, yield, disease resistance, rice quality and peroxidase isozymes all showed distinct changes, and new varieties were cultivate directively for production application. It could be considered that certain variations of the rice seeds induced by the space conditions were heritable to the offspring's, and directive cultivation of new varieties is possible for production application. It could be used as a new method for mutagenic seed breeding. JF - Hang tian yi xue yu yi xue gong cheng = Space medicine & medical engineering AU - Li, J G AU - Li, Y X AU - Hua, Y J AU - Jiang, X C AD - Institute of Genetics, Academia Sinica, Beijing 100101, China. Y1 - 2001/08// PY - 2001 DA - August 2001 SP - 286 EP - 290 VL - 14 IS - 4 SN - 1002-0837, 1002-0837 KW - Isoenzymes KW - 0 KW - Peroxidases KW - EC 1.11.1.- KW - Space life sciences KW - Chinese Satellite KW - unmanned KW - Flight Experiment KW - short duration KW - Extraterrestrial Environment KW - Biomass KW - Isoenzymes -- metabolism KW - Peroxidases -- metabolism KW - Seeds -- enzymology KW - Oryza -- growth & development KW - Space Flight KW - Seeds -- genetics KW - Seeds -- growth & development KW - Oryza -- genetics KW - Mutation KW - Weightlessness KW - Oryza -- enzymology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72231922?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hang+tian+yi+xue+yu+yi+xue+gong+cheng+%3D+Space+medicine+%26+medical+engineering&rft.atitle=%5BA+study+on+breeding+of+%22Ganzaoxian+47%22+from+dry+seeds+of+rice+carried+by+recoverable+satellite%5D.&rft.au=Li%2C+J+G%3BLi%2C+Y+X%3BHua%2C+Y+J%3BJiang%2C+X+C&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=286&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hang+tian+yi+xue+yu+yi+xue+gong+cheng+%3D+Space+medicine+%26+medical+engineering&rft.issn=10020837&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - chi DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-01-17 N1 - Date created - 2001-10-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - ESA developments in life support technology: achievements and future priorities. AN - 72222834; 11669121 AB - Following an enthusiastic start in 1985, ESA's life support technology development programme was re-assessed in the mid- to late-1990s to reflect the strong reduction in European manned space ambitions which occurred at that time. Further development was essentially restricted to activities that could constitute ISS upgrades or enhancements, or support ISS utilisation/operations, together with a single, limited, activity (MELISSA) aimed at bioregenerative life support, in the continuing hope that there might be "life after Station". The paper describes the current status of these activities and summarises the main priorities for future development that were identified at the April 1999 Workshop on Advanced Life Support. c 2001. Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. JF - Acta astronautica AU - Savage, C J AU - Tan, G B AU - Lasseur, C AD - Environmental Control and Life Support Section, European Space Research and Technology Centre, Noordwijk, The Netherlands. PY - 2001 SP - 331 EP - 344 VL - 49 IS - 3-10 SN - 0094-5765, 0094-5765 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Carbon Dioxide KW - 142M471B3J KW - Hydrogen KW - 7YNJ3PO35Z KW - Methane KW - OP0UW79H66 KW - Space life sciences KW - Equipment Design KW - Methane -- chemistry KW - Hydrogen -- chemistry KW - Humans KW - Carbon Dioxide -- chemistry KW - Bioreactors KW - Air Pollutants -- standards KW - Humidity KW - International Agencies KW - Europe KW - Air Pollutants -- analysis KW - Weightlessness KW - Space Flight -- instrumentation KW - Air Conditioning -- instrumentation KW - Life Support Systems -- instrumentation KW - Environmental Monitoring -- standards KW - Ecological Systems, Closed KW - Environmental Monitoring -- instrumentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72222834?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Acta+astronautica&rft.atitle=ESA+developments+in+life+support+technology%3A+achievements+and+future+priorities.&rft.au=Savage%2C+C+J%3BTan%2C+G+B%3BLasseur%2C+C&rft.aulast=Savage&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=3-10&rft.spage=331&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Acta+astronautica&rft.issn=00945765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-12-26 N1 - Date created - 2001-10-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of an advanced rocket propellant handler's suit. AN - 72220187; 11669132 AB - Most launch vehicles and satellites in the US inventory rely upon the use of hypergolic rocket propellants, many of which are toxic to humans. These fuels and oxidizers, such as hydrazine and nitrogen tetroxide have threshold limit values as low as 0.01 PPM. It is essential to provide space workers handling these agents whole body protection as they are universally hazardous not only to the respiratory system, but the skin as well. This paper describes a new method for powering a whole body protective garment to assure the safety of ground servicing crews. A new technology has been developed through the small business innovative research program at the Kennedy Space Center. Currently, liquid air is used in the environmental control unit (ECU) that powers the propellant handlers suit (PHE). However, liquid air exhibits problems with attitude dependence, oxygen enrichment, and difficulty with reliable quantity measurement. The new technology employs the storage of the supply air as a supercritical gas. This method of air storage overcomes all of three problems above while maintaining high density storage at relatively low vessel pressures (<7000 kPa or approximately 1000 psi). A one hour prototype ECU was developed and tested to prove the feasibility of this concept. This was upgraded by the design of a larger supercritical dewar capable of holding 7 Kg of air, a supply which provides a 2 hour duration to the PHE. A third version is being developed to test the feasibility of replacing existing air cooling methodology with a liquid cooled garment for relief of heat stress in this warm Florida environment. Testing of the first one hour prototype yielded data comparable to the liquid air powered predecessor, but enjoyed advantages of attitude independence and oxygen level stability. Thermal data revealed heat stress relief at least as good as liquid air supplied units. The application of supercritical air technology to this whole body protective ensemble marked an advancement in the state-of-the-art in personal protective equipment. Not only was long duration environmental control provided, but it was done without a high pressure vessel. The unit met human performance needs for attitude independence, oxygen stability and relief of heat stress. This supercritical air (and oxygen) technology is suggested for microgravity applications in life support such as the Extravehicular Mobility Unit. c 2001. Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. JF - Acta astronautica AU - Doerr, D F AD - Biomedical Engineering, NASA, Kennedy Space Center, FL 32899, USA. PY - 2001 SP - 463 EP - 468 VL - 49 IS - 3-10 SN - 0094-5765, 0094-5765 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - 0 KW - Hydrazines KW - Nitrogen Oxides KW - hydrazine KW - 27RFH0GB4R KW - nitrogen tetroxide KW - M9APC3P75A KW - Space life sciences KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Heat Stress Disorders KW - Human Engineering KW - Equipment Design KW - Body Temperature KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Aerospace Medicine KW - Middle Aged KW - Exercise Tolerance KW - Male KW - Protective Clothing KW - Spacecraft -- instrumentation KW - Life Support Systems -- instrumentation KW - Air Conditioning -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72220187?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Acta+astronautica&rft.atitle=Development+of+an+advanced+rocket+propellant+handler%27s+suit.&rft.au=Doerr%2C+D+F&rft.aulast=Doerr&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=3-10&rft.spage=463&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Acta+astronautica&rft.issn=00945765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-12-26 N1 - Date created - 2001-10-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effects of extreme nutritional conditions on the neurochemistry of reward and addiction. AN - 72220083; 11669126 AB - Weight loss is a frequent problem in space flights. We now claim that it may affect performance and drug-seeking behavior by altering midbrain neurochemistry. In food-deprived rats (20-30% underweight) basal extracellular dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens decrease to 40-50% of normal and locomotion is depressed. However, amphetamine-induced dopamine release and locomotion are higher than in controls (1825% vs. 595% after a 25 micromoles d-amphetamine intraaccumbens infusion). The lower basal and the higher stimulated dopamine levels suggest that the neurotransmitter accumulates presynaptically in the accumbens of the underweight rats due to subnormal basal release. Psychostimulants are more rewarding for underweight subjects possibly because they release significantly more dopamine from elevated presynaptic stores into the accumbens. Consequently, weight loss can lead both to depression of performance and propensity to substance abuse. These effects should be considered when providing nutritional resources for space flights so that weight loss is limited. c 2001. Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. JF - Acta astronautica AU - Pothos, E N AD - Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA. PY - 2001 SP - 391 EP - 397 VL - 49 IS - 3-10 SN - 0094-5765, 0094-5765 KW - Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors KW - 0 KW - Dextroamphetamine KW - TZ47U051FI KW - Dopamine KW - VTD58H1Z2X KW - Space life sciences KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Extracellular Space -- metabolism KW - Space Flight KW - Aerospace Medicine KW - Weight Gain -- physiology KW - Male KW - Microelectrodes KW - Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors -- pharmacology KW - Dextroamphetamine -- pharmacology KW - Weight Loss -- physiology KW - Nucleus Accumbens -- drug effects KW - Food Deprivation -- physiology KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- etiology KW - Nucleus Accumbens -- metabolism KW - Dopamine -- metabolism KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72220083?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Acta+astronautica&rft.atitle=The+effects+of+extreme+nutritional+conditions+on+the+neurochemistry+of+reward+and+addiction.&rft.au=Pothos%2C+E+N&rft.aulast=Pothos&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=3-10&rft.spage=391&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Acta+astronautica&rft.issn=00945765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-12-26 N1 - Date created - 2001-10-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Intensity/frequency indicator for detection in space: the high values of the incident solar or laser optical radiation in comparison with the appropriate maximum permissible exposure. AN - 72217524; 11669120 AB - The solar or laser optical radiation impact to humans in space depends on the intensity, on the exposure type (direct or indirect) & duration and on the matching of radiation wavelength to tissue characteristics. The main protection factor in space is the application of exposure limits. This paper describes the main biological optical interaction parameters, the optical exposure hazards and the development of a small active lightweight indicator, with output beeper rate depended to the ratio of optical irradiance/exposure limit. The indicator may be used as warning element on the side of helmets, goggles, spectacles, etc, with low power consumption. Electronically the indicator is an intensity/frequency converter, based on the value of the ratio of exposure/exposure limits, with audio & light beepers like the indication output of the ionizing (radioactive) radiation monitors. c 2001. Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. JF - Acta astronautica AU - Tsitomeneas, S AU - Petropoulos, B AD - TEI of Piraeus, Thivon 250 & P. Ralli, Aigaleo-12244, Greece. stsit@teipir.gr PY - 2001 SP - 321 EP - 329 VL - 49 IS - 3-10 SN - 0094-5765, 0094-5765 KW - Space life sciences KW - Eye Protective Devices KW - Optics and Photonics KW - Maximum Allowable Concentration KW - Humans KW - Extraterrestrial Environment KW - Electronics KW - Eye -- radiation effects KW - Models, Theoretical KW - Radiation Monitoring -- standards KW - Space Flight -- instrumentation KW - Sunlight -- adverse effects KW - Radiation Monitoring -- instrumentation KW - Lasers -- adverse effects KW - Radiation Protection -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72217524?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Acta+astronautica&rft.atitle=Intensity%2Ffrequency+indicator+for+detection+in+space%3A+the+high+values+of+the+incident+solar+or+laser+optical+radiation+in+comparison+with+the+appropriate+maximum+permissible+exposure.&rft.au=Tsitomeneas%2C+S%3BPetropoulos%2C+B&rft.aulast=Tsitomeneas&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=3-10&rft.spage=321&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Acta+astronautica&rft.issn=00945765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-12-26 N1 - Date created - 2001-10-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Exploring space. A selection of papers presented at the 13th IAA Humans in Space Symposium, Santorini, Greece, 21-25 May 2000. AN - 72216105; 11669098 JF - Acta astronautica Y1 - 2001 PY - 2001 DA - 2001 SP - 109 EP - 561 VL - 49 IS - 3-10 KW - Space life sciences KW - Animals KW - Human Engineering KW - Gravitation KW - Radiation Protection KW - Cosmic Radiation KW - Humans KW - Weightlessness Countermeasures KW - Extraterrestrial Environment KW - Astronauts -- psychology KW - Aerospace Medicine -- instrumentation KW - Adaptation, Physiological -- physiology KW - Space Flight KW - Weightlessness UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72216105?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Acta+astronautica&rft.atitle=Exploring+space.+A+selection+of+papers+presented+at+the+13th+IAA+Humans+in+Space+Symposium%2C+Santorini%2C+Greece%2C+21-25+May+2000.&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=3-10&rft.spage=109&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Acta+astronautica&rft.issn=00945765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-12-26 N1 - Date created - 2001-10-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Critical issues in connection with human planetary missions: protection of and from the environment. AN - 72215791; 11669117 AB - Activities associated with human missions to the Moon or to Mars will interact with the environment in two reciprocal ways: (i) the mission needs to be protected from the natural environmental elements that can be harmful to human health, the equipment or to their operations: (ii) the specific natural environment of the Moon or Mars should be protected so that it retains its value for scientific and other purposes. The following environmental elements need to be considered in order to protect humans and the equipment on the planetary surface: (i) cosmic ionizing radiation, (ii) solar particle events; (iii) solar ultraviolet radiation; (iv) reduced gravity; (v) thin atmosphere; (vi) extremes in temperatures and their fluctuations; (vii) surface dust; (viii) impacts by meteorites and micrometeorites. In order to protect the planetary environment. the requirements for planetary protection as adopted by COSPAR for lander missions need to be revised in view of human presence on the planet. Landers carrying equipment for exobiological investigations require special consideration to reduce contamination by terrestrial microorganisms and organic matter to the Greatest feasible extent. Records of human activities on the planet's surface should be maintained in sufficient detail that future scientific experimenters can determine whether environmental modifications have resulted from explorations. Grant numbers: 14056/99/NL/PA. c 2001. Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. JF - Acta astronautica AU - Horneck, G AU - Facius, R AU - Reitz, G AU - Rettberg, P AU - Baumstark-Khan, C AU - Gerzer, R AD - German Aerospace Center DLR, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, 51170 Cologne, Germany. gerda.horneck@dlr.de PY - 2001 SP - 279 EP - 288 VL - 49 IS - 3-10 SN - 0094-5765, 0094-5765 KW - Space life sciences KW - Exobiology KW - Ultraviolet Rays KW - Solar Activity KW - Moon KW - Cosmic Radiation KW - Humans KW - Meteoroids KW - Aerospace Medicine KW - Mars KW - Safety Management KW - Containment of Biohazards KW - Weightlessness -- adverse effects KW - Environmental Pollution -- prevention & control KW - Radiation Protection KW - Space Flight KW - Extraterrestrial Environment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72215791?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Acta+astronautica&rft.atitle=Critical+issues+in+connection+with+human+planetary+missions%3A+protection+of+and+from+the+environment.&rft.au=Horneck%2C+G%3BFacius%2C+R%3BReitz%2C+G%3BRettberg%2C+P%3BBaumstark-Khan%2C+C%3BGerzer%2C+R&rft.aulast=Horneck&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=3-10&rft.spage=279&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Acta+astronautica&rft.issn=00945765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-12-26 N1 - Date created - 2001-10-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Radiation transport modeling and assessment to better predict radiation exposure, dose, and toxicological effects to human organs on long duration space flights. AN - 72212795; 11669119 AB - NASA is very interested in improving its ability to monitor and forecast the radiation levels that pose a health risk to space-walking astronauts as they construct the International Space Station and astronauts that will participate in long-term and deep-space missions. Human exploratory missions to the moon and Mars within the next quarter century, will expose crews to transient radiation from solar particle events which include high-energy galactic cosmic rays and high-energy protons. Because the radiation levels in space are high and solar activity is presently unpredictable, adequate shielding is needed to minimize the deleterious health effects of exposure to radiation. Today, numerous models have been developed and used to predict radiation exposure. Such a model is the Space Environment Information Systems (SPENVIS) modeling program, developed by the Belgian Institute for Space Aeronautics. SPENVIS, which has been assessed to be an excellent tool in characterizing the radiation environment for microelectronics and investigating orbital debris, is being evaluated for its usefulness with determining the dose and dose-equivalent for human exposure. Thus far. the calculations for dose-depth relations under varying shielding conditions have been in agreement with calculations done using HZETRN and PDOSE, which are well-known and widely used models for characterizing the environments for human exploratory missions. There is disagreement when assessing the impact of secondary radiation particles since SPENVIS does a crude estimation of the secondary radiation particles when calculating LET versus Flux. SPENVIS was used to model dose-depth relations for the blood-forming organs. Radiation sickness and cancer are life-threatening consequences resulting from radiation exposure. In space. exposure to radiation generally includes all of the critical organs. Biological and toxicological impacts have been included for discussion along with alternative risk mitigation methods--shielding and anti-carcinogens. c 2001. Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. JF - Acta astronautica AU - Denkins, P AU - Badhwar, G AU - Obot, V AU - Wilson, B AU - Jejelewo, O AD - Johnson Space Center, Systems Engineering and Technology Assessment, Houston, TX 77058, USA. PY - 2001 SP - 313 EP - 319 VL - 49 IS - 3-10 SN - 0094-5765, 0094-5765 KW - Space life sciences KW - manned KW - NASA Discipline Radiation Health KW - STS-91 Shuttle Project KW - Flight Experiment KW - NASA Center JSC KW - short duration KW - NASA Experiment Number 9307039 KW - Phantoms, Imaging KW - Evaluation Studies as Topic KW - Radiation Dosage KW - Relative Biological Effectiveness KW - Humans KW - Aerospace Medicine KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation KW - Viscera -- radiation effects KW - Linear Energy Transfer KW - Risk Assessment KW - Models, Theoretical KW - Computer Simulation KW - Solar Activity KW - Cosmic Radiation KW - Space Flight KW - Models, Biological UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72212795?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Acta+astronautica&rft.atitle=Radiation+transport+modeling+and+assessment+to+better+predict+radiation+exposure%2C+dose%2C+and+toxicological+effects+to+human+organs+on+long+duration+space+flights.&rft.au=Denkins%2C+P%3BBadhwar%2C+G%3BObot%2C+V%3BWilson%2C+B%3BJejelewo%2C+O&rft.aulast=Denkins&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=3-10&rft.spage=313&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Acta+astronautica&rft.issn=00945765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-12-26 N1 - Date created - 2001-10-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - GEN T1 - The NASA "Why?" Files: The Case of the Mysterious Red Light. A Lesson Guide with Activities in Mathematics, Science, and Technology. AN - 62287411; ED458105 AB - The NASA "Why?" Files is a free annual instructional distance learning program that integrates science, mathematics, and technology. The program targets 3rd through 5th grade students and uses a problem-based teaching approach. This lesson guide includes four segments, each with objectives, vocabulary, video component resources, career ideas, and activities and worksheets. The lesson guide is accompanied by a videotape called "The Case of the Mysterious Red Light" in which child detectives investigate the cause of unusually bright red sunrises or sunsets. (YDS) Y1 - 2001/08// PY - 2001 DA - August 2001 SP - 77 PB - National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-2199. For full text: http://whyfiles.larc.nasa.gov. KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Practitioners KW - Teachers KW - Elementary Education KW - Earth Science KW - Problem Based Learning KW - Integrated Curriculum KW - Lesson Plans KW - Science Instruction KW - Astronomy KW - Mathematics KW - Distance Education KW - Science Activities KW - Standards KW - Light KW - Educational Technology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62287411?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Accompanying videotape not available from ERIC. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mineralogy of a natural As-rich hydrous ferric oxide coprecipitate formed by mixing of hydrothermal fluid and seawater; implications regarding surface complexation and color banding in ferrihydrite deposits AN - 52208296; 2001-057092 AB - We characterized the most As-rich natural hydrous ferric oxide (HFO) material ever reported using powder X-ray diffraction (pXRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), light element analysis using gas chromatography (GC), visible-infrared (vis-IR) diffuse reflectivity, (super 57) Fe Mossbauer spectroscopy, and superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometry. We find that the natural As-HFO material is very similar to synthetic coprecipitated As-HFO materials, but is significantly different from all known natural and synthetic As-free HFO materials and ferrihydrite samples. The pXRD patterns show systematic differences with patterns for 2-line ferrihydrite, that are interpreted as evidence for significant populations of oxygen-coordinated Fe-As pairs. Observations by TEM, combined with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) microanalysis, show agglomerations of nanophase primary particles and no evidence for other Fe- or As-bearing phases. Mossbauer spectroscopy shows octahedrally coordinated Fe (super 3+) , with a large fraction ( approximately 20%) of the octahedral Fe environments that are significantly distorted by the presence of As, compared to the Fe local environments in As-free ferrihydrite and HFO samples. The loss on ignition (LOI) is quantitatively consistent with OH+H (sub 2) O, measured by GC, which, in turn, is consistent with approximately 1 nm diameter primary particles having all their surface cations (Fe (super 3+) , As (super 5+) , Si (super 4+) , C (super 4+) ) coordinated on the free surface side by OH (super -) and OH (sub 2) . The banding into adjacent yellowish and reddish layers that occurs in the As-HFO deposits was studied by performing mineralogical analyses of the separated adjacent layers of two couplets of yellowish and reddish material. The yellowish samples were found not to contain secondary crystalline phases (as did the reddish samples, in small amounts) and to be relatively As-rich, C- and Si-poor. The observed anticorrelations between As and Si and between As and inorganic C suggest that natural HFOs, which usually contain significant molar amounts of Si, may not be as efficient at surface complexing As (and P) as their Si and C-free synthetic counterparts, unless formed by co-precipitation with the As (or P). The yellowish and reddish layers were also clearly resolved by both Mossbauer spectroscopy and magnetometry. Complexation of arsenate onto the HFO core was found to significantly increase the average quadrupole splitting (QS) obtained from Mossbauer spectroscopy by an amount that could not be explained by other chemical differences and that is consistent with an approximately 1 nm diameter particle size and somewhat smaller HFO core. The Munsell hue YR index (5-10 YR) was found to be strongly correlated to the average QS, thereby establishing that the color differences, corresponding to the measured shifts of the main visible band edge, are due to the local distortions in the (super [6]) Fe (super 3+) environments that are induced by As complexation, via their influence on the relevant ligand field transitions. SQUID magnetometry allows the following observations. (1) The superparamagnetic to superferromagnetic transitions occur at 25 K and lower in As-HFO, compared to 55 K in synthetic 2-line ferrihydrite, suggesting a smaller magnetic primary particle (or core) size for As-HFO and inter-particle magnetic interaction reduction by surface complexed As, Si, and C. (2) The ratio of supermoment magnitude to magnetic particle size (m (super 2) /n, where m is the net number of Fe (super 3+) atomic moments per supermoment and n is the number of Fe (super 3+) cations per particle or HFO core) decreases with increasing As content in the sequence synthetic-HFO>reddish-As-HFO>yellowish-As-HFO. (3) The magnetic susceptibility magnitudes for As-HFO and synthetic 2-line ferrihydrite differ by a factor of 10 and suggest different supermoment formation mechanisms (m (super 2) /n1, respectively) related to differences in intra-particle cationic and anionic disorder and magnetic particle size. JF - American Mineralogist AU - Rancourt, Denis G AU - Fortin, Danielle AU - Pichler, Thomas AU - Thibault, Pierre-Jean AU - Lamarche, Gilles AU - Morris, Richard V AU - Mercier, Patrick H J Y1 - 2001/08// PY - 2001 DA - August 2001 SP - 834 EP - 851 PB - Mineralogical Society of America, Washington, DC VL - 86 IS - 7-8 SN - 0003-004X, 0003-004X KW - sea water KW - X-ray diffraction data KW - arsenic KW - metasomatism KW - ferrihydrite KW - TEM data KW - infrared spectra KW - metals KW - oxides KW - mineralization KW - hydrothermal alteration KW - spectra KW - Mossbauer spectra KW - 01C:Mineralogy of non-silicates KW - 02A:General geochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52208296?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Mineralogist&rft.atitle=Mineralogy+of+a+natural+As-rich+hydrous+ferric+oxide+coprecipitate+formed+by+mixing+of+hydrothermal+fluid+and+seawater%3B+implications+regarding+surface+complexation+and+color+banding+in+ferrihydrite+deposits&rft.au=Rancourt%2C+Denis+G%3BFortin%2C+Danielle%3BPichler%2C+Thomas%3BThibault%2C+Pierre-Jean%3BLamarche%2C+Gilles%3BMorris%2C+Richard+V%3BMercier%2C+Patrick+H+J&rft.aulast=Rancourt&rft.aufirst=Denis&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=7-8&rft.spage=834&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Mineralogist&rft.issn=0003004X&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://ammin.geoscienceworld.org/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 113 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 6 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - AMMIAY N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - arsenic; ferrihydrite; hydrothermal alteration; infrared spectra; metals; metasomatism; mineralization; Mossbauer spectra; oxides; sea water; spectra; TEM data; X-ray diffraction data ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Remote sensing reveals shrinking Greenland ice sheet AN - 52198112; 2001-065831 JF - Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union AU - Thomas, Robert H Y1 - 2001/08// PY - 2001 DA - August 2001 SP - 369 EP - 373 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 82 IS - 34 SN - 0096-3941, 0096-3941 KW - Global Positioning System KW - ICESat KW - Arctic region KW - Greenland ice sheet KW - ice cover KW - satellite methods KW - ice depth sounding KW - climate change KW - ice movement KW - Greenland KW - mass balance KW - ice thickness KW - ice velocities KW - coastal environment KW - glacial geology KW - remote sensing KW - 24:Quaternary geology KW - 20:Applied geophysics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52198112?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.atitle=Remote+sensing+reveals+shrinking+Greenland+ice+sheet&rft.au=Thomas%2C+Robert+H&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=34&rft.spage=369&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.issn=00963941&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. geol. sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - EOSTAJ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Arctic region; climate change; coastal environment; glacial geology; Global Positioning System; Greenland; Greenland ice sheet; ice cover; ice depth sounding; ice movement; ice thickness; ice velocities; ICESat; mass balance; remote sensing; satellite methods ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biogenic methane, hydrogen escape, and the irreversible oxidation of early Earth AN - 52187935; 2001-067219 JF - Science AU - Catling, David C AU - Zahnle, Kevin J AU - McKay, Christopher P Y1 - 2001/08// PY - 2001 DA - August 2001 SP - 839 EP - 843 PB - American Association for the Advancement of Science, Washington, DC VL - 293 IS - 5531 SN - 0036-8075, 0036-8075 KW - photosynthesis KW - upper Precambrian KW - oxygen KW - Paleoproterozoic KW - aliphatic hydrocarbons KW - chemical reactions KW - Archean KW - geochemistry KW - concentration KW - methane KW - Earth KW - Precambrian KW - paleoatmosphere KW - oxidation KW - photochemistry KW - atmosphere KW - Proterozoic KW - alkanes KW - organic compounds KW - biogenic processes KW - paleoenvironment KW - photolysis KW - hydrogen KW - hydrocarbons KW - reconstruction KW - Neoarchean KW - 12:Stratigraphy KW - 02A:General geochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52187935?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Biogenic+methane%2C+hydrogen+escape%2C+and+the+irreversible+oxidation+of+early+Earth&rft.au=Catling%2C+David+C%3BZahnle%2C+Kevin+J%3BMcKay%2C+Christopher+P&rft.aulast=Catling&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.volume=293&rft.issue=5531&rft.spage=839&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Science&rft.issn=00368075&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.sciencemag.org/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 64 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SCIEAS N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aliphatic hydrocarbons; alkanes; Archean; atmosphere; biogenic processes; chemical reactions; concentration; Earth; geochemistry; hydrocarbons; hydrogen; methane; Neoarchean; organic compounds; oxidation; oxygen; paleoatmosphere; paleoenvironment; Paleoproterozoic; photochemistry; photolysis; photosynthesis; Precambrian; Proterozoic; reconstruction; upper Precambrian ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessment of the interstellar processes leading to deuterium enrichment in meteoritic organics AN - 52151727; 2002-012005 AB - The presence of isotopic anomalies is the most unequivocal demonstration that meteoritic material contains circumstellar or interstellar components. In the case of organic compounds in meteorites and interplanetary dust particles (IDPs), the most useful isotopic tracer has been deuterium (D). We discuss four processes that are expected to lead to D enrichment in interstellar materials and describe how their unique characteristics can be used to assess their relative importance for the organics in meteorites. These enrichment processes are low-temperature gas phase ion-molecule reactions, low-temperature gas-grain reactions, gas phase unimolecular photodissociation, and ultraviolet photolysis in D-enriched ice mantles. Each of these processes is expected to be associated with distinct regiochemical signatures (D placement on the product molecules, correlation with specific chemical functionalities, etc.), especially in the molecular population of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). We describe these differences and discuss how they may be used to delineate the various interstellar processes that may have contributed to meteoritic D enrichments. We also briefly discuss how these processes may affect the isotopic distributions in C, O, and N in the same compounds. JF - Meteoritics & Planetary Science AU - Sandford, Scott A AU - Bernstein, Max P AU - Dworkin, Jason P Y1 - 2001/08// PY - 2001 DA - August 2001 SP - 1117 EP - 1133 PB - Meteoritical Society, Fayetteville, AR VL - 36 IS - 8 SN - 1086-9379, 1086-9379 KW - processes KW - isotopes KW - enrichment KW - interplanetary dust KW - stable isotopes KW - meteorites KW - organic compounds KW - hydrogen KW - hydrocarbons KW - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - deuterium KW - chemical composition KW - geochemistry KW - aromatic hydrocarbons KW - 05B:Petrology of meteorites and tektites UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52151727?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Meteoritics+%26+Planetary+Science&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+the+interstellar+processes+leading+to+deuterium+enrichment+in+meteoritic+organics&rft.au=Sandford%2C+Scott+A%3BBernstein%2C+Max+P%3BDworkin%2C+Jason+P&rft.aulast=Sandford&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1117&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Meteoritics+%26+Planetary+Science&rft.issn=10869379&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://cavern.uark.edu/~meteor/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 109 N1 - PubXState - AR N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - MERTAW N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aromatic hydrocarbons; chemical composition; deuterium; enrichment; geochemistry; hydrocarbons; hydrogen; interplanetary dust; isotopes; meteorites; organic compounds; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; processes; stable isotopes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Outstanding problems in quantifying the radiative impacts of mineral dust AN - 52122491; 2002-032360 JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Sokolik, I N AU - Winker, D M AU - Bergametti, G AU - Gillette, Dale A AU - Carmichael, Gregory R AU - Kaufman, Yoram J AU - Gomes, Laurent AU - Schuetz, L AU - Penner, J E Y1 - 2001/08// PY - 2001 DA - August 2001 SP - 15 EP - 18,027 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 106 IS - D16 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - experimental studies KW - radiative impacts KW - sediment transport KW - clastic sediments KW - human activity KW - environmental analysis KW - climate change KW - spatial distribution KW - theoretical studies KW - mineral composition KW - dust KW - sediments KW - climate effects KW - aerosols KW - wind transport KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52122491?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=Outstanding+problems+in+quantifying+the+radiative+impacts+of+mineral+dust&rft.au=Sokolik%2C+I+N%3BWinker%2C+D+M%3BBergametti%2C+G%3BGillette%2C+Dale+A%3BCarmichael%2C+Gregory+R%3BKaufman%2C+Yoram+J%3BGomes%2C+Laurent%3BSchuetz%2C+L%3BPenner%2C+J+E&rft.aulast=Sokolik&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=D16&rft.spage=15&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2000JD900498 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 82 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 4 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aerosols; clastic sediments; climate change; climate effects; dust; environmental analysis; experimental studies; human activity; mineral composition; radiative impacts; sediment transport; sediments; spatial distribution; theoretical studies; wind transport DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000JD900498 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantifying the radiative impacts of mineral dust TT - DUST AN - 52122448; 2002-032359 JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Sokolik, I N AU - Winker, D M AU - Bergametti, G AU - Gillette, Dale A AU - Carmichael, Gregory R AU - Kaufman, Yoram J AU - Gomes, Laurent AU - Schuetz, L AU - Penner, J E Y1 - 2001/08// PY - 2001 DA - August 2001 SP - 15 EP - 18,493 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 106 IS - D16 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - spatial distribution KW - mineral composition KW - radiative impacts KW - sediment transport KW - clastic sediments KW - dust KW - sediments KW - climate effects KW - aerosols KW - environmental analysis KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52122448?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=Quantifying+the+radiative+impacts+of+mineral+dust&rft.au=Sokolik%2C+I+N%3BWinker%2C+D+M%3BBergametti%2C+G%3BGillette%2C+Dale+A%3BCarmichael%2C+Gregory+R%3BKaufman%2C+Yoram+J%3BGomes%2C+Laurent%3BSchuetz%2C+L%3BPenner%2C+J+E&rft.aulast=Sokolik&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=D16&rft.spage=15&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - SuppNotes - Individual papers are cited separately N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aerosols; clastic sediments; climate effects; dust; environmental analysis; mineral composition; radiative impacts; sediment transport; sediments; spatial distribution ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chemical composition and source signature of Spring aerosol in Seoul, Korea AN - 51023654; 2002-032365 JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Choi, Jae C AU - Lee, Meehye AU - Chun, Youngsin AU - Kim, Jiyoung AU - Oh, Sungnam AU - Sokolik, I N AU - Winker, D M AU - Bergametti, G AU - Gillette, Dale A AU - Carmichael, Gregory R AU - Kaufman, Yoram J AU - Gomes, Laurent AU - Schuetz, L AU - Penner, J E Y1 - 2001/08// PY - 2001 DA - August 2001 SP - 18 EP - 18,074 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 106 IS - D16 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - sea spray KW - Far East KW - factor analysis KW - suspended materials KW - Seoul South Korea KW - volcanism KW - sediments KW - trace elements KW - chemical composition KW - Asia KW - soils KW - sediment transport KW - clastic sediments KW - human activity KW - statistical analysis KW - Korea KW - provenance KW - metals KW - dust KW - aerosols KW - seasonal variations KW - wind transport KW - winds KW - South Korea KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51023654?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=Chemical+composition+and+source+signature+of+Spring+aerosol+in+Seoul%2C+Korea&rft.au=Choi%2C+Jae+C%3BLee%2C+Meehye%3BChun%2C+Youngsin%3BKim%2C+Jiyoung%3BOh%2C+Sungnam%3BSokolik%2C+I+N%3BWinker%2C+D+M%3BBergametti%2C+G%3BGillette%2C+Dale+A%3BCarmichael%2C+Gregory+R%3BKaufman%2C+Yoram+J%3BGomes%2C+Laurent%3BSchuetz%2C+L%3BPenner%2C+J+E&rft.aulast=Choi&rft.aufirst=Jae&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=D16&rft.spage=18&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2001JD900090 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 35 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 7 tables, geol. sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aerosols; Asia; chemical composition; clastic sediments; dust; factor analysis; Far East; human activity; Korea; metals; provenance; sea spray; seasonal variations; sediment transport; sediments; Seoul South Korea; soils; South Korea; statistical analysis; suspended materials; trace elements; volcanism; wind transport; winds DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2001JD900090 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Atmospheric regime of dust and salt through 75,000 years of Taylor Dome ice core; refinement by measurement of major, minor, and trace metal suites AN - 50429330; 2002-032394 AB - A method is presented that is intended to give a more accurate representation of the total amounts and relative proportions of the dust and salt deposited by the atmosphere into polar ice and to distinguish different compositional types of dust in the ice. The method uses the precise measurement of several metals whose proportions contrast strongly between dust and salt and vary substantially between dust types. The method is applied to a small suite of ice samples from the Taylor Dome core in coastal West Antarctica. In glacial times wind strength in the West Antarctic region was apparently high, and extensive sea-ice cover prevented incorporation of salt into the atmospheric load. At the termination of the glacial period, increased salt in the dust-salt mixture indicates that sea ice diminished, but wind strength continued high, and unchanged dust composition indicates unchanged source areas. At about 10,000-11,000 y.B.P., sea-ice cover have briefly returned to glacial conditions, but wind conditions remained in the milder postglacial condition. Next, sea ice retreated, and an abrupt change in dust composition indicates changed source materials or terranes. Extension of this analysis to more sites, should provide firm constraints on past wind strengths, extent of sea-ice cover, deposition fluxes of salt and dust, and changing continental source areas of dust. (Mod. auth. abstr.) JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Hinkley, Todd K AU - Matsumoto, Akikazu AU - Sokolik, I N AU - Winker, D M AU - Bergametti, G AU - Gillette, Dale A AU - Carmichael, Gregory R AU - Kaufman, Yoram J AU - Gomes, Laurent AU - Schuetz, L AU - Penner, J E Y1 - 2001/08// PY - 2001 DA - August 2001 SP - 18 EP - 18,493 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 106 IS - D16 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - West Antarctica KW - isotopes KW - sea ice KW - ice cover KW - stable isotopes KW - Cenozoic KW - sedimentary rocks KW - ice KW - glacial environment KW - sediments KW - trace elements KW - ice cores KW - chemically precipitated rocks KW - Quaternary KW - Taylor Dome KW - sediment transport KW - clastic sediments KW - sedimentation KW - evaporites KW - measurement KW - provenance KW - Antarctica KW - deposition KW - dust KW - Victoria Land KW - Pleistocene KW - wind transport KW - salt KW - 24:Quaternary geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50429330?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=Atmospheric+regime+of+dust+and+salt+through+75%2C000+years+of+Taylor+Dome+ice+core%3B+refinement+by+measurement+of+major%2C+minor%2C+and+trace+metal+suites&rft.au=Hinkley%2C+Todd+K%3BMatsumoto%2C+Akikazu%3BSokolik%2C+I+N%3BWinker%2C+D+M%3BBergametti%2C+G%3BGillette%2C+Dale+A%3BCarmichael%2C+Gregory+R%3BKaufman%2C+Yoram+J%3BGomes%2C+Laurent%3BSchuetz%2C+L%3BPenner%2C+J+E&rft.aulast=Hinkley&rft.aufirst=Todd&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=D16&rft.spage=18&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2000JD900550 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 29 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Antarctica; Cenozoic; chemically precipitated rocks; clastic sediments; deposition; dust; evaporites; glacial environment; ice; ice cores; ice cover; isotopes; measurement; Pleistocene; provenance; Quaternary; salt; sea ice; sediment transport; sedimentary rocks; sedimentation; sediments; stable isotopes; Taylor Dome; trace elements; Victoria Land; West Antarctica; wind transport DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000JD900550 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characteristics of Chinese aerosols determined by individual-particle analysis AN - 50154979; 2002-032362 AB - Tropospheric aerosols that originate in China and are transported over the North Pacific Ocean have potentially significant impacts on regional and global climate. These aerosols are complex mixtures of soil dust and anthropogenic particles from a variety of sources, including fossil fuel combustion, biomass burning, mining, smelting, and other industrial processes, plus reaction products of heterogeneous processes that affect these particles during transport. In the coastal marine atmosphere, these particles could be further mixed with marine aerosols. To provide examples of the diversity of chemical and physical properties of east Asian aerosols in the spring, individual aerosol particle samples were collected in April and May 1999 in three different environments in China: Qingdao on the coast of the East China Sea, Beijing in the northeast interior, and Mount Waliguan in remote northwestern China. Results reveal that aerosols in this region are complex and heterogeneous. In addition to significant differences in aerosol composition and size distributions among the samples, each sample contains a large number of polyphase aggregates. Many of the particles also have irregular shapes; for a number of the particle types, the irregular shapes should persist even at high ambient RH. Because composition, degree and nature of polyphase aggregation, and shape all effect aerosol radiative properties, the complex state of east Asian aerosols presents a challenge for the modeling of aerosol radiative forcing in the region. Copyright 2001 by the American Geophysical Union. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Gao, Yuan AU - Anderson, James R AU - Sokolik, I N AU - Winker, D M AU - Bergametti, G AU - Gillette, Dale A AU - Carmichael, Gregory R AU - Kaufman, Yoram J AU - Gomes, Laurent AU - Schuetz, L AU - Penner, J E Y1 - 2001/08// PY - 2001 DA - August 2001 SP - 18 EP - 18,045 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 106 IS - D16 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - soils KW - East China Sea KW - sediment transport KW - clastic sediments KW - pollutants KW - human activity KW - enrichment KW - pollution KW - environmental analysis KW - West Pacific KW - variations KW - provenance KW - physical properties KW - North Pacific KW - Pacific Ocean KW - dust KW - sediments KW - chemical properties KW - aerosols KW - air KW - wind transport KW - Northwest Pacific KW - chemical composition KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50154979?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=Characteristics+of+Chinese+aerosols+determined+by+individual-particle+analysis&rft.au=Gao%2C+Yuan%3BAnderson%2C+James+R%3BSokolik%2C+I+N%3BWinker%2C+D+M%3BBergametti%2C+G%3BGillette%2C+Dale+A%3BCarmichael%2C+Gregory+R%3BKaufman%2C+Yoram+J%3BGomes%2C+Laurent%3BSchuetz%2C+L%3BPenner%2C+J+E&rft.aulast=Gao&rft.aufirst=Yuan&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=D16&rft.spage=18&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2000JD900725 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 39 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aerosols; air; chemical composition; chemical properties; clastic sediments; dust; East China Sea; enrichment; environmental analysis; human activity; North Pacific; Northwest Pacific; Pacific Ocean; physical properties; pollutants; pollution; provenance; sediment transport; sediments; soils; variations; West Pacific; wind transport DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000JD900725 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mars Color Imager (MARCI) on the Mars Climate Orbiter AN - 50153692; 2003-045673 AB - The Mars Color Imager, or MARCI, experiment on the Mars Climate Orbiter (MCO) consists of two cameras with unique optics and identical focal plane assemblies (FPAs), Data Acquisition System (DAS) electronics, and power supplies. Each camera is characterized by small physical size and mass ( approximately 6 X 6 X 12 cm, including baffle; <500 g), low power requirements (<2.5 W, including power supply losses), and high science performance (1000 X 1000 pixel, low noise). The Wide Angle (WA) camera will have the capability to map Mars in five visible and two ultraviolet spectral bands at a resolution of better than 8 km/pixel under the worst case downlink data rate. Under better downlink conditions the WA will provide kilometer-scale global maps of atmospheric phenomena such as clouds, hazes, dust storms, and the polar hood. Limb observations will provide additional detail on atmospheric structure at 1/3 scale-height resolution. The Medium Angle (MA) camera is designed to study selected areas of Mars at regional scale. From 400 km altitude its 6 degrees FOV, which covers approximately 40 km at 40 m/pixel, will permit all locations on the planet except the poles to be accessible for image acquisitions every two mapping cycles (roughly 52 sols). Eight spectral channels between 425 and 1000 nm provide the ability to discriminate both atmospheric and surface features on the basis of composition. The primary science objectives of MARCI are to (1) observe Martian atmospheric processes at synoptic scales and mesoscales, (2) study details of the interaction of the atmosphere with the surface at a variety of scales in both space and time, and (3) examine surface features characteristic of the evolution of the Martian climate over time. MARCI will directly address two of the three high-level goals of the Mars Surveyor Program: Climate and Resources. Life, the third goal, will be addressed indirectly through the environmental factors associated with the other two goals. Copyright 2001 by the American Geophysical Union. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Malin, M C AU - Bell, James F, III AU - Calvin, W M AU - Clancy, R T AU - Haberle, R M AU - James, P B AU - Lee, S W AU - Thomas, P C AU - Caplinger, M A AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2001/08// PY - 2001 DA - August 2001 SP - 17 EP - 17,672 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 106 IS - E8 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - imagery KW - Mars KW - mapping KW - temperature KW - polar caps KW - carbon dioxide KW - ozone KW - ice KW - surface features KW - sediments KW - MARCI KW - color imagery KW - climate KW - water KW - clouds KW - general circulation models KW - Pressure Modulator Infrared Radiometer KW - Mars Climate Orbiter KW - Mars Color Imager KW - clastic sediments KW - atmosphere KW - terrestrial planets KW - planets KW - PMIRR KW - dust KW - planetology KW - atmospheric pressure KW - seasonal variations KW - instruments KW - 04:Extraterrestrial geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50153692?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=Mars+Color+Imager+%28MARCI%29+on+the+Mars+Climate+Orbiter&rft.au=Malin%2C+M+C%3BBell%2C+James+F%2C+III%3BCalvin%2C+W+M%3BClancy%2C+R+T%3BHaberle%2C+R+M%3BJames%2C+P+B%3BLee%2C+S+W%3BThomas%2C+P+C%3BCaplinger%2C+M+A%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Malin&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=E8&rft.spage=17&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F1999JE001145 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2003-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 82 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - atmosphere; atmospheric pressure; carbon dioxide; clastic sediments; climate; clouds; color imagery; dust; general circulation models; ice; imagery; instruments; mapping; MARCI; Mars; Mars Climate Orbiter; Mars Color Imager; ozone; planetology; planets; PMIRR; polar caps; Pressure Modulator Infrared Radiometer; seasonal variations; sediments; surface features; temperature; terrestrial planets; water DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/1999JE001145 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Thermal and evolved gas analyzer; part of the Mars Volatile and Climate Surveyor integrated payload AN - 50153457; 2003-045675 AB - The Thermal and Evolved Gas Analyzer (TEGA) on the Mars Polar Lander spacecraft is composed of two separate components which are closely coupled: a Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) and an Evolved Gas Analyzer (EGA). TEGA has the capability of performing differential scanning calorimetry on eight small (0.038 mL) soil samples selected in the vicinity of the lander. The samples will be heated in ovens to temperatures up to 950 degrees C, and the volatile compounds water and carbon dioxide, which are released during the heating, will be analyzed in the EGA. The power required by the sample oven is continuously monitored during the heating and compared to that required to heat simultaneously a similar, but empty, oven. The power difference is the output of the DSC. Both endothermic and exothermic phase transitions can be detected, and the data can be used in the identification of the phases present. By correlating the gas release with the calorimetry, the abundance of the volatile compounds associated with the different phases can be determined. The EGA may also be able to detect the release of oxygen associated with any Superoxide that may be on the surface of the soil grains. The instrument can detect the melting of ice in the DSC down to abundances on the order of 0.2% of the sample, and it can detect the decomposition of calcite, CaCO (sub 3) , down to abundances of 0.5%. Using the EGA, TEGA can detect small amounts of water, down to 8 ppm in the sample, and it can detect the associated release of CO (sub 2) down to the equivalent abundances of 0.03%. The EGA also has the ability to determine the (super 13) C/ (super 12) C ratio in the evolved CO (sub 2) , but it is not clear if the accuracy of this ratio will be sufficient to address the scientific issues. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Boynton, William V AU - Bailey, Samuel H AU - Hamara, David K AU - Williams, Michael S AU - Bode, Rolfe C AU - Fitzgibbon, Michael R AU - Ko, Wenjeng AU - Ward, Michael G AU - Sridhar, K R AU - Blanchard, Jeff A AU - Lorenz, Ralph D AU - May, Randy D AU - Paige, David A AU - Pathare, Asmin V AU - Kring, David A AU - Leshin, Laurie A AU - Ming, Douglas W AU - Zent, Aaron P AU - Golden, D C AU - Kerry, Kristopher E AU - Lauer, H Vern, Jr AU - Quinn, Richard C AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2001/08// PY - 2001 DA - August 2001 SP - 17 EP - 17,698 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 106 IS - E8 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - water KW - soils KW - isotopes KW - isotope ratios KW - C-13/C-12 KW - techniques KW - Mars KW - Mars Volatiles and Climate Surveyor KW - Mars Polar Lander KW - stable isotopes KW - carbon dioxide KW - terrestrial planets KW - planets KW - mineral composition KW - ice KW - carbon KW - planetology KW - heating KW - instruments KW - Thermal and Evolved Gas Analyzer KW - TEGA KW - MVACS KW - calorimetry KW - 04:Extraterrestrial geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50153457?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=Thermal+and+evolved+gas+analyzer%3B+part+of+the+Mars+Volatile+and+Climate+Surveyor+integrated+payload&rft.au=Boynton%2C+William+V%3BBailey%2C+Samuel+H%3BHamara%2C+David+K%3BWilliams%2C+Michael+S%3BBode%2C+Rolfe+C%3BFitzgibbon%2C+Michael+R%3BKo%2C+Wenjeng%3BWard%2C+Michael+G%3BSridhar%2C+K+R%3BBlanchard%2C+Jeff+A%3BLorenz%2C+Ralph+D%3BMay%2C+Randy+D%3BPaige%2C+David+A%3BPathare%2C+Asmin+V%3BKring%2C+David+A%3BLeshin%2C+Laurie+A%3BMing%2C+Douglas+W%3BZent%2C+Aaron+P%3BGolden%2C+D+C%3BKerry%2C+Kristopher+E%3BLauer%2C+H+Vern%2C+Jr%3BQuinn%2C+Richard+C%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Boynton&rft.aufirst=William&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=E8&rft.spage=17&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F1999JE001153 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2003-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 49 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - C-13/C-12; calorimetry; carbon; carbon dioxide; heating; ice; instruments; isotope ratios; isotopes; Mars; Mars Polar Lander; Mars Volatiles and Climate Surveyor; mineral composition; MVACS; planetology; planets; soils; stable isotopes; techniques; TEGA; terrestrial planets; Thermal and Evolved Gas Analyzer; water DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/1999JE001153 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Radiative properties of aerosols in Saharan dust outbreaks using ground-based and satellite data; applications to radiative forcing AN - 50152858; 2002-032387 AB - We report on measurements of atmospheric transmission (AT (sub T ) ) and aerosol optical depth (AOD (sub T ) ) made at three wavelengths (368, 500, and 778 nm) with a spectroradiometer placed on Tenerife (28.5 degrees N, 16.3 degrees W), Canary Islands. Using the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) channel 1, we also measured the aerosol optical depth (AOD (sub S ) ) and albedo over a region of the North Atlantic Ocean extending from 15 degrees -35 degrees N to 12 degrees -25 degrees W. We observe large changes in AT (sub T ) and AOD (sub T ) when dust outbreaks pass over this region. Using all these data, we derive the asymmetry factor (g), the single-scattering albedo (omega ), and the local mean AOD (sub T ) and we compute the direct radiative forcing Delta F attributable to mineral dust. The local radiative forcing obtained is over the ocean Delta F = -9.7 W/m2 and for the land Delta F = -4.5 W/m (super 2) with an error of + or -25%. Extending these results to global-scale averages, we obtain values of Delta F of-1.22 W/m (super 2) over the ocean and -0.57 W/m (super 2) over land. The forcings attributable to dust are comparable in magnitude to those reported in the literature for anthropogenic sulphate and for biomass burning aerosols. Copyright 2001 by the American Geophysical Union. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Diaz, Juan P AU - Exposito, Francisco J AU - Torres, Carlos J AU - Herrera, Felix AU - Prospero, Joseph M AU - Romero, Maria C AU - Sokolik, I N AU - Winker, D M AU - Bergametti, G AU - Gillette, Dale A AU - Carmichael, Gregory R AU - Kaufman, Yoram J AU - Gomes, Laurent AU - Schuetz, L AU - Penner, J E Y1 - 2001/08// PY - 2001 DA - August 2001 SP - 18 EP - 18,416 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 106 IS - D16 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - clastic sediments KW - ground methods KW - geophysical methods KW - satellite methods KW - environmental analysis KW - spatial distribution KW - AVHRR KW - optical properties KW - infrared methods KW - dust KW - sediments KW - climate effects KW - thickness KW - Africa KW - aerosols KW - Sahara KW - radiative forcing KW - climate KW - remote sensing KW - airborne methods KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50152858?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=Radiative+properties+of+aerosols+in+Saharan+dust+outbreaks+using+ground-based+and+satellite+data%3B+applications+to+radiative+forcing&rft.au=Diaz%2C+Juan+P%3BExposito%2C+Francisco+J%3BTorres%2C+Carlos+J%3BHerrera%2C+Felix%3BProspero%2C+Joseph+M%3BRomero%2C+Maria+C%3BSokolik%2C+I+N%3BWinker%2C+D+M%3BBergametti%2C+G%3BGillette%2C+Dale+A%3BCarmichael%2C+Gregory+R%3BKaufman%2C+Yoram+J%3BGomes%2C+Laurent%3BSchuetz%2C+L%3BPenner%2C+J+E&rft.aulast=Diaz&rft.aufirst=Juan&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=D16&rft.spage=18&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2001JD900020 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 64 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. geol. sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aerosols; Africa; airborne methods; AVHRR; clastic sediments; climate; climate effects; dust; environmental analysis; geophysical methods; ground methods; infrared methods; optical properties; radiative forcing; remote sensing; Sahara; satellite methods; sediments; spatial distribution; thickness DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2001JD900020 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - April 1998 Asian dust event; a Southern California perspective AN - 50152836; 2002-032385 AB - In late April 1998 an extreme Asian dust episode reached the U.S. western seaboard. This event was observed by several in situ and remote sensing atmospheric measurement stations. Dramatic reductions in boundary layer visibility were recorded and the resultant peak backscatter coefficients exceeded prevailing upper tropospheric background conditions by at least 2 orders of magnitude. An analysis of this event is given using lidar vertical backscatter profilometry, concurrent Sun photometer opacity data, and transport modeling. At San Nicolas Island the measured and modeled aerosol optical thickness at 500 nm increased dramatically from 0.15 on April 25 to 0.52 on April 26-27. Volume size distribution on April 27 exhibited a prominent coarse mode at 1-2 mu m radius, and single-scattering albedo was observed to increase from 0.90 in the blue to 0.93 in the near infrared. Concurrent lidar observations tracked the evolution of the plume vertical structure, which consisted of up to three well-defined layers distributed throughout the free troposphere. Copyright 2001 by the American Geophysical Union. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Tratt, David M AU - Frouin, Robert J AU - Westphal, Douglas L AU - Sokolik, I N AU - Winker, D M AU - Bergametti, G AU - Gillette, Dale A AU - Carmichael, Gregory R AU - Kaufman, Yoram J AU - Gomes, Laurent AU - Schuetz, L AU - Penner, J E Y1 - 2001/08// PY - 2001 DA - August 2001 SP - 18 EP - 18,379 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 106 IS - D16 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - United States KW - methods KW - sediment transport KW - clastic sediments KW - San Nicolas Island KW - environmental analysis KW - California KW - provenance KW - optical properties KW - Southern California KW - Western U.S. KW - JPL coherent backscatter lidar KW - dust KW - sediments KW - coastal environment KW - aerosols KW - wind transport KW - Asia KW - instruments KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50152836?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=April+1998+Asian+dust+event%3B+a+Southern+California+perspective&rft.au=Tratt%2C+David+M%3BFrouin%2C+Robert+J%3BWestphal%2C+Douglas+L%3BSokolik%2C+I+N%3BWinker%2C+D+M%3BBergametti%2C+G%3BGillette%2C+Dale+A%3BCarmichael%2C+Gregory+R%3BKaufman%2C+Yoram+J%3BGomes%2C+Laurent%3BSchuetz%2C+L%3BPenner%2C+J+E&rft.aulast=Tratt&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=D16&rft.spage=18&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2000JD900758 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 29 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 plates, geol. sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aerosols; Asia; California; clastic sediments; coastal environment; dust; environmental analysis; instruments; JPL coherent backscatter lidar; methods; optical properties; provenance; San Nicolas Island; sediment transport; sediments; Southern California; United States; Western U.S.; wind transport DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000JD900758 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interactive soil dust aerosol model in the GISS GCM; 1, Sensitivity of the soil dust cycle to radiative properties of soil dust aerosols AN - 50152773; 2002-032372 AB - The sensitivity of the soil dust aerosol cycle to radiative forcing by the soil dust aerosol particles themselves is studied. Four experiments with the NASA GISS atmospheric general circulation model, which includes a soil dust aerosol model, are compared, all using a prescribed climatological sea surface temperature as a lower boundary condition. In one experiment, dust is included as a dynamic tracer with no radiative effect, whereas dust interacts with radiation in the other simulations. The single-scattering albedo of dust particles is prescribed to be globally uniform in the experiments with radiatively active dust, although this albedo is varied from experiment to experiment. On a global scale the radiative forcing by dust generally causes a reduction in the atmospheric dust load, corresponding to a decreased dust source flux. The dust source flux and its changes are analyzed in more detail for the main source regions. This analysis shows that the reduction varies both with the season and with the single-scattering albedo of the dust particles. The experiments show that dust radiative forcing can lead to significant changes both in the soil dust cycle and in the climate state. To estimate dust concentration and radiative forcing by dust more accurately, dust size distributions and dust single-scattering albedo in the model should be a function of the source region, because dust concentration and the climate response to dust radiative forcing are sensitive to dust radiative parameters. Copyright 2001 by the American Geophysical Union. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Perlwitz, Jan AU - Tegen, Ina AU - Miller, Ron L AU - Sokolik, I N AU - Winker, D M AU - Bergametti, G AU - Gillette, Dale A AU - Carmichael, Gregory R AU - Kaufman, Yoram J AU - Gomes, Laurent AU - Schuetz, L AU - Penner, J E Y1 - 2001/08// PY - 2001 DA - August 2001 SP - 18 EP - 18,192 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 106 IS - D16 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - soils KW - albedo KW - clastic sediments KW - grain size KW - troposphere KW - environmental analysis KW - Central Asia Source Region KW - models KW - spatial distribution KW - provenance KW - atmospheric circulation KW - sensitivity analysis KW - dust KW - sediments KW - climate effects KW - Africa KW - aerosols KW - Sahara KW - wind transport KW - winds KW - Sahel KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50152773?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=Interactive+soil+dust+aerosol+model+in+the+GISS+GCM%3B+1%2C+Sensitivity+of+the+soil+dust+cycle+to+radiative+properties+of+soil+dust+aerosols&rft.au=Perlwitz%2C+Jan%3BTegen%2C+Ina%3BMiller%2C+Ron+L%3BSokolik%2C+I+N%3BWinker%2C+D+M%3BBergametti%2C+G%3BGillette%2C+Dale+A%3BCarmichael%2C+Gregory+R%3BKaufman%2C+Yoram+J%3BGomes%2C+Laurent%3BSchuetz%2C+L%3BPenner%2C+J+E&rft.aulast=Perlwitz&rft.aufirst=Jan&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=D16&rft.spage=18&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2000JD900668 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 52 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 5 plates, 6 tables, geol. sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aerosols; Africa; albedo; atmospheric circulation; Central Asia Source Region; clastic sediments; climate effects; dust; environmental analysis; grain size; models; provenance; Sahara; Sahel; sediments; sensitivity analysis; soils; spatial distribution; troposphere; wind transport; winds DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000JD900668 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A three-dimensional modeling investigation of the evolution processes of dust and sea-salt particles in East Asia AN - 50152684; 2002-032370 AB - The evolution of sea-salt and dust particles in East Asia is investigated using a three-dimensional transport and chemistry model. A kinetic approach under thermodynamic constraint is utilized to model the condensation/evaporation processes, and other important aerosol processes and influential components (e.g., dust/sea-salt generation, NH (sub 3) emissions, gravitational settling, nucleation) are taken into account in this analysis. The model is used to study the Pacific Exploratory Mission-West B period (March 1-6, 1994). It is found that (1) during strong continental outflow, in general, the fine aerosol mode ( 2 mu m in aerodynamic diameter) attracts nitrate. However, in the dust plume, sulfate preferentially resides in the coarse mode due to larger coarse mode mass loading; (2) particulate nitrate coupled with particulate ammonium in the fine mode is predicted over regions where high gaseous NH (sub 3) mixing ratios are present (lower courses of the Huang river); (3) dust and sea-salt particles provide important reaction surfaces for sulfate production in the troposphere and increase sulfate production rates by 20 - 80%; and (4) soil dust and sea salt provide an important source of boundary layer and free troposhpere alkaline material, and these cations play an important role in controlling the partitioning of semivolatile HNO (sub 3) throughout large portions of the troposphere, increasing particulate nitrate levels 10 - 50%. Copyright 2001 by the American Geophysical Union. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Song, Chul H AU - Carmichael, Gregory R AU - Sokolik, I N AU - Winker, D M AU - Bergametti, G AU - Gillette, Dale A AU - Kaufman, Yoram J AU - Gomes, Laurent AU - Schuetz, L AU - Penner, J E Y1 - 2001/08// PY - 2001 DA - August 2001 SP - 18 EP - 18,154 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 106 IS - D16 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - ammonium KW - plumes KW - sedimentary rocks KW - chemical reactions KW - transport KW - sediments KW - Asia KW - kinetics KW - chemically precipitated rocks KW - three-dimensional models KW - condensation KW - clastic sediments KW - pollutants KW - pollution KW - nitrates KW - evaporites KW - gases KW - eastern Asia KW - volatiles KW - evaporation KW - marine environment KW - dust KW - Pacific Exploratory Mission KW - aerosols KW - salt KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50152684?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=A+three-dimensional+modeling+investigation+of+the+evolution+processes+of+dust+and+sea-salt+particles+in+East+Asia&rft.au=Song%2C+Chul+H%3BCarmichael%2C+Gregory+R%3BSokolik%2C+I+N%3BWinker%2C+D+M%3BBergametti%2C+G%3BGillette%2C+Dale+A%3BKaufman%2C+Yoram+J%3BGomes%2C+Laurent%3BSchuetz%2C+L%3BPenner%2C+J+E&rft.aulast=Song&rft.aufirst=Chul&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=D16&rft.spage=18&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2000JD900352 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 82 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 10 plates, 1 table, block diag. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aerosols; ammonium; Asia; chemical reactions; chemically precipitated rocks; clastic sediments; condensation; dust; eastern Asia; evaporation; evaporites; gases; kinetics; marine environment; nitrates; Pacific Exploratory Mission; plumes; pollutants; pollution; salt; sedimentary rocks; sediments; three-dimensional models; transport; volatiles DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000JD900352 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Global sensitivity experiments of the radiative forcing due to mineral aerosols AN - 50152670; 2002-032373 AB - The radiative effects of mineral dust in the atmosphere are uncertain. Further, the human contribution to the mineral aerosol concentration is difficult to quantify. We have performed several global sensitivity experiments to investigate the radiative forcing due to mineral dust. Two global data sets of mineral aerosol distribution are used. Radiative transfer schemes for thermal infrared and solar radiation are used in the calculations. We have investigated the sensitivity of the global radiative forcing to the spatial distribution of the aerosols, including the altitude, the size distribution, and optical parameters. Our strongest emphasis has been on the size distribution of the mineral aerosol, for which we have found a strong sensitivity. A range of -0.7 Wm (super -2) to 0.5 Wm (super -2) is estimated for the human influence on the global radiative forcing due to mineral aerosols. We find it almost as probable with a positive radiative forcing as with a negative forcing. Even if the global mean radiative forcing is small, there are large contributions of different sign in certain regions. Copyright 2001 by the American Geophysical Union. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Myhre, Gunnar AU - Stordal, Frode AU - Sokolik, I N AU - Winker, D M AU - Bergametti, G AU - Gillette, Dale A AU - Carmichael, Gregory R AU - Kaufman, Yoram J AU - Gomes, Laurent AU - Schuetz, L AU - Penner, J E Y1 - 2001/08// PY - 2001 DA - August 2001 SP - 18 EP - 18,204 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 106 IS - D16 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - sediment transport KW - clastic sediments KW - human activity KW - global KW - statistical analysis KW - environmental analysis KW - spatial distribution KW - size distribution KW - optical properties KW - mineral composition KW - sensitivity analysis KW - dust KW - sediments KW - aerosols KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50152670?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=Global+sensitivity+experiments+of+the+radiative+forcing+due+to+mineral+aerosols&rft.au=Myhre%2C+Gunnar%3BStordal%2C+Frode%3BSokolik%2C+I+N%3BWinker%2C+D+M%3BBergametti%2C+G%3BGillette%2C+Dale+A%3BCarmichael%2C+Gregory+R%3BKaufman%2C+Yoram+J%3BGomes%2C+Laurent%3BSchuetz%2C+L%3BPenner%2C+J+E&rft.aulast=Myhre&rft.aufirst=Gunnar&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=D16&rft.spage=18&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2000JD900536 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 48 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 plates, 3 tables, geol. sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aerosols; clastic sediments; dust; environmental analysis; global; human activity; mineral composition; optical properties; sediment transport; sediments; sensitivity analysis; size distribution; spatial distribution; statistical analysis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000JD900536 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Supply-limited horizontal sand drift at an ephemerally crusted, unvegetated saline playa AN - 50152644; 2002-032367 AB - A site at Owens Dry Lake was observed for more than 4 years. The site was a vegetation-free saline playa where the surface formed "ephemeral crusts," crusts that form after rainfall. Sometimes these crusts were destroyed and often a layer of particles on the crust would engage in vigorous aeolian activity. Three "phases" of active sand drifting are defined as almost no movement (extreme supply limitation), loose particles on crust with some degree of sand drift (moderate supply limitation), and unlimited source movement corresponding to a destroyed surface crust (unlimited supply). These "phases" occurred 45, 49, and 6% of the time, respectively. The accumulation of loose particles on the crust was mostly the result of in situ formation. Crusted sediments with loose particles on top can exhibit mass flux rates about the same as for noncrusted sediments. Crusted sediments limit or eliminate sand drift in two conditions: for rough crusts that effect a sufficiently high threshold friction velocity (above the wind friction velocity) and for limited amounts of loose particles on the crust where particle supply is less than would be transported in normal saltation for a thick sandy surface. These "supply-limited" cases are similar to wind erosion of limited spilled material on a hard concrete surface. We quantified "supply limitation" by defining a "potential" or "supply unlimited" sand drift function Q = AG where A represents supply limitation that decreases as the particle source is depleted. Here Q is the mass of sand transported through a surface perpendicular to the ground and to the wind and having unit width during time period t, and G = Sigma u (sub *) (u (super 2) (sub *) - u (super 2) (sub *t ) ) dt for u (sub *) > u (sub *t) . G is integrated for the same time period t as for Q, u (sub *) is the friction velocity of the wind, and u (sub *t ) is the threshold friction velocity of the wind. Hard crusts (usually formed in the summer) tended to show almost no change of threshold friction velocity with time and often gave total protection from wind erosion. Rough crusts provided sufficient protection expressed as high threshold friction velocities. For these high threshold friction velocities, aeolian activity was greatly reduced or practically prevented. The softest crusts, usually formed in the winter, provided much less protection and sometimes were destroyed by the wind. Following this destruction the "potential" or "supply unlimited" sand drift would be observed. Copyright 2001 by the American Geophysical Union. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Gillette, Dale A AU - Niemeyer, Tezz C AU - Helm, Paula J AU - Sokolik, I N AU - Winker, D M AU - Bergametti, G AU - Carmichael, Gregory R AU - Kaufman, Yoram J AU - Gomes, Laurent AU - Schuetz, L AU - Penner, J E Y1 - 2001/08// PY - 2001 DA - August 2001 SP - 18 EP - 18,098 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 106 IS - D16 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - United States KW - soils KW - protection KW - sand KW - encrustations KW - terrestrial environment KW - dry lakes KW - erosion KW - clastic sediments KW - arid environment KW - Central California KW - saline soils KW - friction KW - playas KW - Owens Lake KW - environmental analysis KW - California KW - Inyo County California KW - dust KW - sediments KW - velocity KW - wind transport KW - soil erosion KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50152644?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=Supply-limited+horizontal+sand+drift+at+an+ephemerally+crusted%2C+unvegetated+saline+playa&rft.au=Gillette%2C+Dale+A%3BNiemeyer%2C+Tezz+C%3BHelm%2C+Paula+J%3BSokolik%2C+I+N%3BWinker%2C+D+M%3BBergametti%2C+G%3BCarmichael%2C+Gregory+R%3BKaufman%2C+Yoram+J%3BGomes%2C+Laurent%3BSchuetz%2C+L%3BPenner%2C+J+E&rft.aulast=Gillette&rft.aufirst=Dale&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=D16&rft.spage=18&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2000JD900324 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 23 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 5 tables, geol. sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - arid environment; California; Central California; clastic sediments; dry lakes; dust; encrustations; environmental analysis; erosion; friction; Inyo County California; Owens Lake; playas; protection; saline soils; sand; sediments; soil erosion; soils; terrestrial environment; United States; velocity; wind transport DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000JD900324 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Heterogeneous reactions of NO (sub 2) and HNO (sub 3) on oxides and mineral dust; a combined laboratory and modeling study AN - 50152632; 2002-032364 AB - This study combines laboratory measurements and modeling analysis to quantify the role of heterogeneous reactions of gaseous nitrogen dioxide and nitric acid on mineral oxide and mineral dust particles in tropospheric ozone formation. At least two types of heterogeneous reactions occur on the surface of these particles. Upon initial exposure of the oxide to NO (sub 2) there is a loss of NO (sub 2) from the gas phase by adsorption on the particle surface, i.e., NO (sub 2) (g) --> NO (sub 2) (a). As the reaction proceeds, a reduction of gaseous NO (sub 2) to NO, NO (sub 2) (g) --> NO (g) is found to occur. Initial uptake coefficients gamma (sub 0) for NO (sub 2) on the surface of these particles have been measured at 298 K using a Knudsen cell reactor coupled to a mass spectrometer. For the oxides studied, alpha ,gamma -Al (sub 2) O (sub 3) , alpha gamma -Fe (sub 2) O (sub 3) , TiO (sub 2) , SiO (sub 2) , CaO, and MgO, gamma (sub 0) ranges from < 4 X 10 (super -10) for SiO (sub 2) to 2 X 10 (super -5) for CaO with most values in the 10 (super -6) range. For authentic samples of China loess and Saharan sand, similar reactivity to the oxides is observed with gamma (sub 0) values of 2 X 10 (super -6) and 1 X 10 (super -6) , respectively. For HNO (sub 3) the reactivity is 1-2 orders of magnitude higher. Using these laboratory measurements, the impact of heterogeneous reactions of NO (sub 2) and HNO (sub 3) on mineral dust in tropospheric ozone formation and on O (sub 3) -precursor relationships is assessed using a time-dependent, multiphase chemistry box model. Simulations with and without heterogeneous reactions were conducted to evaluate the possible influence of these heterogeneous reactions on ambient levels. Results show that values of the initial uptake for NO (sub 2) and HNO (sub 3) , adjusted for roughness effects, must be greater than 10 (super -4) to have an appreciable impact on NO (sub x ) , HNO (sub 3) and O (sub 3) concentrations for the conditions modeled here. Thus the measured uptake coefficients for NO (sub 2) on dry surfaces are just below the lower limit to have an impact on the photochemical oxidant cycle, while the heterogeneous reactivity of HNO (sub 3) is sufficiently large to have an effect. Under conditions of high mineral dust mass loadings and/or smaller size distributions the importance of these reactions (both NO (sub 2) and HNO (sub 3) ) is expected to increase. Copyright 2001 by the American Geophysical Union. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Underwood, G M AU - Song, C H AU - Phadnis, M AU - Carmichael, Gregory R AU - Grassian, V H AU - Sokolik, I N AU - Winker, D M AU - Bergametti, G AU - Gillette, Dale A AU - Kaufman, Yoram J AU - Gomes, Laurent AU - Schuetz, L AU - Penner, J E Y1 - 2001/08// PY - 2001 DA - August 2001 SP - 18 EP - 18,066 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 106 IS - D16 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - experimental studies KW - nitric acid KW - Far East KW - sediment transport KW - clastic sediments KW - troposphere KW - Gobi Desert KW - models KW - laboratory studies KW - Knudsen cell data KW - chemical reactions KW - dust KW - sediments KW - oxides KW - loess KW - wind transport KW - Asia KW - inorganic acids KW - nitrogen dioxide KW - minerals KW - China KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50152632?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=Heterogeneous+reactions+of+NO+%28sub+2%29+and+HNO+%28sub+3%29+on+oxides+and+mineral+dust%3B+a+combined+laboratory+and+modeling+study&rft.au=Underwood%2C+G+M%3BSong%2C+C+H%3BPhadnis%2C+M%3BCarmichael%2C+Gregory+R%3BGrassian%2C+V+H%3BSokolik%2C+I+N%3BWinker%2C+D+M%3BBergametti%2C+G%3BGillette%2C+Dale+A%3BKaufman%2C+Yoram+J%3BGomes%2C+Laurent%3BSchuetz%2C+L%3BPenner%2C+J+E&rft.aulast=Underwood&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=D16&rft.spage=18&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2000JD900552 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 34 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 8 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Asia; chemical reactions; China; clastic sediments; dust; experimental studies; Far East; Gobi Desert; inorganic acids; Knudsen cell data; laboratory studies; loess; minerals; models; nitric acid; nitrogen dioxide; oxides; sediment transport; sediments; troposphere; wind transport DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000JD900552 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modeling the atmospheric life cycle and radiative impact of mineral dust in the Hadley Centre climate model AN - 50152361; 2002-032371 AB - A parameterization of mineral dust within the Hadley Centre atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) is described, modeled dust distributions are compared with observations, and estimates of the radiative forcing due to the inclusion of dust in the model are obtained. The parameterization uses six particle size divisions in the range 0.3-30 mu m radius, and all calculations are performed on each division independently, using the GCM's prognostic variables. The dust production scheme works within the GCM and includes dependencies on particle size distribution, soil moisture, vegetation, and friction velocity. Dust transport is carried out by the GCM's tracer advection scheme and includes vertical motion due to convection, gravitational settling, and turbulent mixing in the boundary layer. Wet and dry deposition processes are included within the GCM's precipitation schemes. Representative dust radiative parameters are incorporated into the GCM's two stream radiation code. Modeled monthly average near-surface dust concentrations are compared with observations: good agreement is seen in most locations, though the dust scheme tends to produce too little dust from China and too much from Australia in the southern spring. Global annual mean direct forcing due to the inclusion of dust in the GCM is +0.07 W m (super -2) at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) and -0.82 W m (super -2) at the surface. The geographical distributions of annual mean forcings are very inhomogeneous, with peak values exceeding the global means by a factor of approximately 2 orders of magnitude. Copyright 2001 by the American Geophysical Union. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Woodward, S AU - Sokolik, I N AU - Winker, D M AU - Bergametti, G AU - Gillette, Dale A AU - Carmichael, Gregory R AU - Kaufman, Yoram J AU - Gomes, Laurent AU - Schuetz, L AU - Penner, J E Y1 - 2001/08// PY - 2001 DA - August 2001 SP - 18 EP - 18,166 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 106 IS - D16 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - sediment transport KW - clastic sediments KW - global KW - statistical analysis KW - Hadley Center climate model KW - atmosphere KW - environmental analysis KW - models KW - spatial distribution KW - circulation KW - dust KW - tracers KW - sediments KW - climate effects KW - aerosols KW - wind transport KW - climate KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50152361?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=Modeling+the+atmospheric+life+cycle+and+radiative+impact+of+mineral+dust+in+the+Hadley+Centre+climate+model&rft.au=Woodward%2C+S%3BSokolik%2C+I+N%3BWinker%2C+D+M%3BBergametti%2C+G%3BGillette%2C+Dale+A%3BCarmichael%2C+Gregory+R%3BKaufman%2C+Yoram+J%3BGomes%2C+Laurent%3BSchuetz%2C+L%3BPenner%2C+J+E&rft.aulast=Woodward&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=D16&rft.spage=18&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2000JD900795 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 51 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 plates, 3 tables, geol. sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aerosols; atmosphere; circulation; clastic sediments; climate; climate effects; dust; environmental analysis; global; Hadley Center climate model; models; sediment transport; sediments; spatial distribution; statistical analysis; tracers; wind transport DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000JD900795 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A model for prediction of desert dust cycle in the atmosphere AN - 50152331; 2002-032369 AB - An integrated modeling system has been developed to accurately describe the dust cycle in the atmosphere. It is based on the SKIRON/Eta modeling system and the Eta/NCEP regional atmospheric model. The dust modules of the entire system incorporate the state of the art parameterizations of all the major phases of the atmospheric dust life such as production, diffusion, advection, and removal. These modules also include effects of the particle size distribution on aerosol dispersion. The dust production mechanism is based on the viscous/turbulent mixing, shear-free convection diffusion, and soil moisture. In addition to these sophisticated mechanisms, very high resolution databases, including elevation, soil properties, and vegetation cover are utilized. The entire system is easily configurable and transferable to any place on the Earth, it can cover domains on almost any size, and its horizontal resolution can vary from about 100 km up to approximately 4 km. It can run on one-way-nested form if necessary. The performance of the system has been tested for various dust storm episodes, in various places and resolution using gridded analysis or forecasting fields from various sources (ECMWF and NCEP) for initial and boundary conditions. The system is in operational use during the last two years, providing 72 hour forecasts for the Mediterranean region. The results are available on the internet (http://www.icod.org.mt and http://forecast.uoa.gr). Copyright 2001 by the American Geophysical Union. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Nickovic, Slobodan AU - Kallos, George AU - Papadopoulos, Anastasios AU - Kakaliagou, Olga AU - Sokolik, I N AU - Winker, D M AU - Bergametti, G AU - Gillette, Dale A AU - Carmichael, Gregory R AU - Kaufman, Yoram J AU - Gomes, Laurent AU - Schuetz, L AU - Penner, J E Y1 - 2001/08// PY - 2001 DA - August 2001 SP - 18 EP - 18,129 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 106 IS - D16 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - soils KW - cycles KW - diffusion KW - sediment transport KW - clastic sediments KW - moisture KW - global KW - data processing KW - prediction KW - atmosphere KW - turbulence KW - advection KW - environmental analysis KW - DREAM KW - computer programs KW - viscosity KW - dust KW - sediments KW - climate effects KW - wind transport KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50152331?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=A+model+for+prediction+of+desert+dust+cycle+in+the+atmosphere&rft.au=Nickovic%2C+Slobodan%3BKallos%2C+George%3BPapadopoulos%2C+Anastasios%3BKakaliagou%2C+Olga%3BSokolik%2C+I+N%3BWinker%2C+D+M%3BBergametti%2C+G%3BGillette%2C+Dale+A%3BCarmichael%2C+Gregory+R%3BKaufman%2C+Yoram+J%3BGomes%2C+Laurent%3BSchuetz%2C+L%3BPenner%2C+J+E&rft.aulast=Nickovic&rft.aufirst=Slobodan&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=D16&rft.spage=18&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2000JD900794 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 72 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 6 tables, geol. sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - advection; atmosphere; clastic sediments; climate effects; computer programs; cycles; data processing; diffusion; DREAM; dust; environmental analysis; global; moisture; prediction; sediment transport; sediments; soils; turbulence; viscosity; wind transport DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000JD900794 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - April 1998 Asian dust event over the Columbia Plateau AN - 50152314; 2002-032386 AB - Surface-based radiometers can be used to assess the atmospheric aerosol burden. During 1998, two multifilter rotating shadow-band radiometers (MFRSRs), operated by Washington State University (WSU) and by the USDA UV-B program, were used to collect data on the Columbia Plateau atmosphere. Analysis of these data by an automated Langley algorithm provided retrievals for total optical thickness, allowing for calculation of aerosol optical thickness (AOT) and the top-of-atmosphere (TOA) instrument signal. Statistical evaluation of the TOA signal permitted recalculation of optical thickness using the Bouguer-Lambert-Beer law and resulted in improved estimates of aerosol optical thickness (AOT). Results for AOT and the associated Aangstroem parameters are presented here for an April 1998 dust event for two colocated Columbia Plateau sites. AOT at 500 nm went from background levels (seasonally dominated by regional windblown dust) of approximately 0.2 to more than 0.4 during the event maximum on April 27, not returning to normal levels until April 30. Comparison of 500-nm AOT between the two MFRSR showed a root-mean-square (RMS) difference of 0.016. The Aangstr:ouml;m exponent alpha reached a minimum of approximately 0.2, and the beta coefficient reached a maximum of approximately 0.35, both on April 27, coincident with the AOT maximum. Contemporaneous aerosol sampling in Spokane, Washington, provided (1) elemental data that strongly support our interpretation of this event as an influx of Asian dust without significant sulfur enrichment and (2) event maximum PM (sub 10) measurements approximately 80 mu g/m (super 3) consistent with Pullman event maximum AOT results, assuming a 3-4 km thick dust layer. Copyright 2001 by the American Geophysical Union. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Vaughan, Joseph K AU - Claiborn, Candis AU - Finn, Dennis AU - Sokolik, I N AU - Winker, D M AU - Bergametti, G AU - Gillette, Dale A AU - Carmichael, Gregory R AU - Kaufman, Yoram J AU - Gomes, Laurent AU - Schuetz, L AU - Penner, J E Y1 - 2001/08// PY - 2001 DA - August 2001 SP - 18 EP - 18,402 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 106 IS - D16 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - United States KW - sediment transport KW - clastic sediments KW - data processing KW - atmosphere KW - environmental analysis KW - provenance KW - optical properties KW - factors KW - radiometers KW - Bouguer-Lambert-Beer law KW - Angstrom parameters KW - dust KW - sediments KW - climate effects KW - Columbia Plateau KW - aerosols KW - data retrieval KW - algorithms KW - wind transport KW - Asia KW - instruments KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50152314?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=April+1998+Asian+dust+event+over+the+Columbia+Plateau&rft.au=Vaughan%2C+Joseph+K%3BClaiborn%2C+Candis%3BFinn%2C+Dennis%3BSokolik%2C+I+N%3BWinker%2C+D+M%3BBergametti%2C+G%3BGillette%2C+Dale+A%3BCarmichael%2C+Gregory+R%3BKaufman%2C+Yoram+J%3BGomes%2C+Laurent%3BSchuetz%2C+L%3BPenner%2C+J+E&rft.aulast=Vaughan&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=D16&rft.spage=18&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2000JD900751 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 52 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aerosols; algorithms; Angstrom parameters; Asia; atmosphere; Bouguer-Lambert-Beer law; clastic sediments; climate effects; Columbia Plateau; data processing; data retrieval; dust; environmental analysis; factors; instruments; optical properties; provenance; radiometers; sediment transport; sediments; United States; wind transport DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000JD900751 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Trans-Pacific yellow sand transport observed in April 1998; a numerical simulation AN - 50152304; 2002-032382 AB - A yellow sand transport episode from the Asian continent to Japan and North America which occurred in April 1998 is simulated. A new on-line dust tracer model coupled with a regional-scale meteorological model is developed and applied to this dust storm episode. The results for two large dust events that started during April 14-15 and 19-20, 1998, have been analyzed and discussed. The first dust storm was trapped in a cutoff vortex developed over the China plain. A modeled 3-D structure of dust associated with this cutoff vortex agreed with an observed time-height cross section of dust concentration. Results show that the strong subsidence at the backside of the vortex restricted the dust layer below 3 km level. Model analysis revealed that the second dust event that started during April 19-20 over inland China was the origin of a dust episode reported over North America. The trans-Pacific dust transport simulation successfully showed the dust onset near the West Coast of North America. Elevation of the dust layer during the long-range transport was below 3 km. The model is extended to include the transport of an Asian origin anthropogenic tracer over the North Pacific Rim. Both the natural-origin mineral dust and the Asian-origin anthropogenic tracer are simultaneously transported even if their emission regions are different. Copyright 2001 by the American Geophysical Union. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Uno, Itsushi AU - Amano, Hiroyasu AU - Emori, Seita AU - Kinoshita, Kisei AU - Matsui, Ichiro AU - Sugimoto, Nobuo AU - Sokolik, I N AU - Winker, D M AU - Bergametti, G AU - Gillette, Dale A AU - Carmichael, Gregory R AU - Kaufman, Yoram J AU - Gomes, Laurent AU - Schuetz, L AU - Penner, J E Y1 - 2001/08// PY - 2001 DA - August 2001 SP - 18 EP - 18,344 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 106 IS - D16 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - numerical models KW - three-dimensional models KW - sediment transport KW - clastic sediments KW - numerical analysis KW - simulation KW - satellite methods KW - environmental analysis KW - models KW - Pacific Ocean KW - dust KW - sediments KW - meteorology KW - remote sensing KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50152304?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=Trans-Pacific+yellow+sand+transport+observed+in+April+1998%3B+a+numerical+simulation&rft.au=Uno%2C+Itsushi%3BAmano%2C+Hiroyasu%3BEmori%2C+Seita%3BKinoshita%2C+Kisei%3BMatsui%2C+Ichiro%3BSugimoto%2C+Nobuo%3BSokolik%2C+I+N%3BWinker%2C+D+M%3BBergametti%2C+G%3BGillette%2C+Dale+A%3BCarmichael%2C+Gregory+R%3BKaufman%2C+Yoram+J%3BGomes%2C+Laurent%3BSchuetz%2C+L%3BPenner%2C+J+E&rft.aulast=Uno&rft.aufirst=Itsushi&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=D16&rft.spage=18&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2000JD900748 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 30 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 5 plates, geol. sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - clastic sediments; dust; environmental analysis; meteorology; models; numerical analysis; numerical models; Pacific Ocean; remote sensing; satellite methods; sediment transport; sediments; simulation; three-dimensional models DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000JD900748 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Atmospheric dust aerosols over the Tibetan Plateau AN - 50152282; 2002-032392 AB - Cascade impactor and bulk samples of atmospheric aerosol particles were collected at three sites on the Tibetan Plateau: Udaoliang (September 1993 to May 1994) and Lhasa and Gongga (May 1998). The average dust concentration at these groundbased sites was 82 mu g m (super -3) ; this is lower than the lowest average concentration observed over the nine major Chinese deserts (arithmetic mean value of 270 mu g m (super -3) ), and it also is lower than that over the Loess Plateau (170 mu g m (super -3) ). The elemental mass-particle size distributions for several major dust-derived elements (Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mn, Si, and Ti) were approximately lognormal, but those for Al, Fe, and Ti differed from Ca, K, and Si. Dry deposition velocities calculated from the observed size distributions and a two-layer deposition model averaged 2.7 cm (super -1) for Al, Fe, and Ti. For Ca, K, and Si, which appear to be more strongly affected by local Tibetan sources, the average calculated dry deposition velocity was 4.3 cm s (super -1) . Wet deposition fluxes estimated from scavenging ratios indicate that less than 10% of the total deposition on the Tibetan Plateau is attributable to wet removal during the 9 months for which data are available. The yearly mean dust deposition rate (local plus remote and dry plus wet) is estimated to be of the order of approximately 100 g m (super -2) yr (super -1) , which is lower than that onto the Chinese desert regions (320 g m (super -2) yr (super -1) ) or the Loess Plateau (250 g m (super -2) yr (super -1) ), suggesting that the sources upwind of China, and the Tibetan Plateau itself, are not major sources for Asian dust. Copyright 2001 by the American Geophysical Union. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Zhang, Xiao Y AU - Arimoto, Richard AU - Cao, Jun J AU - An, Zhi S AU - Wang, D AU - Sokolik, I N AU - Winker, D M AU - Bergametti, G AU - Gillette, Dale A AU - Carmichael, Gregory R AU - Kaufman, Yoram J AU - Gomes, Laurent AU - Schuetz, L AU - Penner, J E Y1 - 2001/08// PY - 2001 DA - August 2001 SP - 18 EP - 18,476 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 106 IS - D16 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - Loess Plateau KW - Far East KW - sediment transport KW - clastic sediments KW - atmosphere KW - environmental analysis KW - spatial distribution KW - provenance KW - Tibetan Plateau KW - dust KW - sediments KW - aerosols KW - wind transport KW - Asia KW - China KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50152282?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=Atmospheric+dust+aerosols+over+the+Tibetan+Plateau&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Xiao+Y%3BArimoto%2C+Richard%3BCao%2C+Jun+J%3BAn%2C+Zhi+S%3BWang%2C+D%3BSokolik%2C+I+N%3BWinker%2C+D+M%3BBergametti%2C+G%3BGillette%2C+Dale+A%3BCarmichael%2C+Gregory+R%3BKaufman%2C+Yoram+J%3BGomes%2C+Laurent%3BSchuetz%2C+L%3BPenner%2C+J+E&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=Xiao&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=D16&rft.spage=18&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2000JD900672 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 24 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables, geol. sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aerosols; Asia; atmosphere; China; clastic sediments; dust; environmental analysis; Far East; Loess Plateau; provenance; sediment transport; sediments; spatial distribution; Tibetan Plateau; wind transport DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000JD900672 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A comparison of seasonal and interannual variability of soil dust aerosols over the Atlantic Ocean as inferred by the TOMS AI and AVHRR AOT retrievals AN - 50152274; 2002-032379 AB - The seasonal cycle and interannual variability of two estimates of soil (or "mineral") dust aerosols are compared: advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) aerosol optical thickness (AOT) and Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) aerosol index (AI). Both data sets, comprising more than a decade of global, daily images, are commonly used to evaluate aerosol transport models. The present comparison is based on monthly averages, constructed from daily images of each data set for the period between 1984 and 1990, a period that excludes contamination from volcanic eruptions. The comparison focuses on the Northern Hemisphere subtropical Atlantic Ocean, where soil dust aerosols make the largest contribution to the aerosol load, and are assumed to dominate the variability of each data set. While each retrieval is sensitive to a different aerosol radiative property (absorption for the TOMS AI versus reflectance for the AVHRR AOT), the seasonal cycles of dust loading implied by each retrieval are consistent, if seasonal variations in the height of the aerosol layer are taken into account when interpreting the TOMS AI. On interannual timescales, the correlation is low at most locations. It is suggested that the poor interannual correlation is at least partly a consequence of data availability. When the monthly averages are constructed using only days common to both data sets, the correlation is substantially increased: this consistency suggests that both TOMS and AVHRR accurately measure the aerosol load in any given scene. However, the two retrievals have only a few days in common per month, so these restricted monthly averages have a large uncertainty. Calculations suggest that at least 7 to 10 daily images are needed to estimate reliably the average dust load during any particular month, a threshold that is rarely satisfied by the AVHRR AOT due to the presence of clouds in the domain. By rebinning each data set onto a coarser grid, the availability of the AVHRR AOT is increased during any particular month, along with its interannual correlation with the TOMS AI. The latter easily exceeds the sampling threshold due to its greater ability to infer the aerosol load in the presence of clouds. Whether the TOMS AI should be regarded as a more reliable indicator of interannual variability depends on the extent of contamination by subpixel clouds. Copyright 2001 by the American Geophysical Union. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Cakmur, Reha V AU - Miller, Ron L AU - Tegen, Ina AU - Sokolik, I N AU - Winker, D M AU - Bergametti, G AU - Gillette, Dale A AU - Carmichael, Gregory R AU - Kaufman, Yoram J AU - Gomes, Laurent AU - Schuetz, L AU - Penner, J E Y1 - 2001/08// PY - 2001 DA - August 2001 SP - 18 EP - 18,303 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 106 IS - D16 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - soils KW - TOMS KW - annual variations KW - sediment transport KW - clastic sediments KW - geophysical methods KW - data processing KW - environmental analysis KW - AVHRR KW - optical properties KW - infrared methods KW - marine environment KW - dust KW - sediments KW - aerosols KW - data retrieval KW - seasonal variations KW - wind transport KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - airborne methods KW - 20:Applied geophysics KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50152274?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=A+comparison+of+seasonal+and+interannual+variability+of+soil+dust+aerosols+over+the+Atlantic+Ocean+as+inferred+by+the+TOMS+AI+and+AVHRR+AOT+retrievals&rft.au=Cakmur%2C+Reha+V%3BMiller%2C+Ron+L%3BTegen%2C+Ina%3BSokolik%2C+I+N%3BWinker%2C+D+M%3BBergametti%2C+G%3BGillette%2C+Dale+A%3BCarmichael%2C+Gregory+R%3BKaufman%2C+Yoram+J%3BGomes%2C+Laurent%3BSchuetz%2C+L%3BPenner%2C+J+E&rft.aulast=Cakmur&rft.aufirst=Reha&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=D16&rft.spage=18&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2000JD900525 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 37 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 plate, geol. sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aerosols; airborne methods; annual variations; Atlantic Ocean; AVHRR; clastic sediments; data processing; data retrieval; dust; environmental analysis; geophysical methods; infrared methods; marine environment; optical properties; seasonal variations; sediment transport; sediments; soils; TOMS; wind transport DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000JD900525 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessment of Saharan dust absorption in the visible from SeaWiFS imagery AN - 50152268; 2002-032376 AB - We have examined forty SeaWiFS images acquired during 1997 and 1998 off the west coast of Africa to develop theoretical models of Saharan dust radiative properties that could be used for atmospheric correction in this region, i.e., to predict the dust contribution to the measured reflectance in the visible from that measured in the near infrared (NIR). In contrast to nonabsorptive or weakly absorbing aerosols, the dust reflectance significantly decreases from the NIR to the blue because of the absorption of mineral particles in the visible. We chose simple but realistic vertical structures for the dust layer and examined the applicability of a set of aerosol size distributions and refractive indices with radiative properties computed from Mie theory. We found that 18 models (six aerosol size-refractive index distributions times three aerosol vertical distributions) were general enough to estimate the dust reflectance in the visible with an absolute RMS error of the order of 5%. We show that these dust models can be used within a "spectral matching algorithm" [Gordon et al., 1997] to effect atmospheric correction of ocean color imagery in dust-contaminated regions. We also found that our models all produce very similar top-of-atmosphere outgoing visible flux but that this flux may be significantly different from that predicted by other conventional dust models. Copyright 2001 by the American Geophysical Union. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Moulin, Cyril AU - Gordon, Howard R AU - Banzon, Viva F AU - Evans, Robert H AU - Sokolik, I N AU - Winker, D M AU - Bergametti, G AU - Gillette, Dale A AU - Carmichael, Gregory R AU - Kaufman, Yoram J AU - Gomes, Laurent AU - Schuetz, L AU - Penner, J E Y1 - 2001/08// PY - 2001 DA - August 2001 SP - 18 EP - 18,249 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 106 IS - D16 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - cycles KW - Mie theory KW - imagery KW - sediment transport KW - clastic sediments KW - SeaWiFS KW - atmosphere KW - satellite methods KW - environmental analysis KW - spatial distribution KW - absorption KW - color KW - dust KW - sediments KW - coastal environment KW - Africa KW - Sahara KW - corrections KW - algorithms KW - wind transport KW - refractive index KW - remote sensing KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50152268?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+Saharan+dust+absorption+in+the+visible+from+SeaWiFS+imagery&rft.au=Moulin%2C+Cyril%3BGordon%2C+Howard+R%3BBanzon%2C+Viva+F%3BEvans%2C+Robert+H%3BSokolik%2C+I+N%3BWinker%2C+D+M%3BBergametti%2C+G%3BGillette%2C+Dale+A%3BCarmichael%2C+Gregory+R%3BKaufman%2C+Yoram+J%3BGomes%2C+Laurent%3BSchuetz%2C+L%3BPenner%2C+J+E&rft.aulast=Moulin&rft.aufirst=Cyril&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=D16&rft.spage=18&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2000JD900812 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 35 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 5 tables, 3 plates N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - absorption; Africa; algorithms; atmosphere; clastic sediments; coastal environment; color; corrections; cycles; dust; environmental analysis; imagery; Mie theory; refractive index; remote sensing; Sahara; satellite methods; SeaWiFS; sediment transport; sediments; spatial distribution; wind transport DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000JD900812 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Full year cycle of desert dust spectral optical thickness and precipitable water vapor over Alexandria, Egypt AN - 50152240; 2002-032380 AB - We study the annual cycle of dust loading in Alexandria, Egypt. Observations were performed from December 1997 to November 1998, including during the Kamaseen storms of March 1998. A ground-based, manual Sun photometer was used to measure aerosol optical thickness (tau (sub a ) ) at four spectral bands in the 340-870 nm wavelength range (namely 340, 440, 675, 870). Total precipitable water vapor (W) was also measured simultaneously, based on the 936 nm channel measurements and extrapolations of the aerosol optical thickness from the neighboring 675 and 870 nm channels. Aerosol optical thickness ra tau (sub a) all the four spectral bands were very high (averaging 2.0-4.0) during the Kamaseen storms of late March 1998. Correspondingly, the Aangstroem wavelength exponent alpha of the optical thickness fell close to zero during that time, implying a substantial increase in dust. Overall, the monthly mean and median aerosol optical thickness were highest during January-May and lowest in June-October. During the January-May period total precipitable water vapor and Aangstroem exponent were lower than during the June-October period. There is a high correlation between the Aangstroem exponent and the optical thickness (r=0.63), with a ranging from 0.0 to 0.5 for tau (sub a) > 1.0, indicating high dust concentration. Trajectory analysis shows that the presence of dust was associated with air masses arriving predominantly from the Sahara or North Africa. No significant correlation was found between the optical thickness and the precipitable water vapor. These basic systematic observations are vital for assessing dust climatology in this important part of the world and also for validating satellite observations and dust transport models. Copyright 2001 by the American Geophysical Union. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Sabbah, I AU - Ichoku, Charles AU - Kaufman, Yoram J AU - Remer, Lorraine AU - Sokolik, I N AU - Winker, D M AU - Bergametti, G AU - Gillette, Dale A AU - Carmichael, Gregory R AU - Gomes, Laurent AU - Schuetz, L AU - Penner, J E Y1 - 2001/08// PY - 2001 DA - August 2001 SP - 18 EP - 18,316 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 106 IS - D16 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - cycles KW - time series analysis KW - sediment transport KW - North Africa KW - clastic sediments KW - calibration coefficients KW - trajectory analysis KW - statistical analysis KW - atmospheric precipitation KW - Alexandria Egypt KW - environmental analysis KW - Egypt KW - provenance KW - optical properties KW - dust KW - sediments KW - Africa KW - Sahara KW - storms KW - wind transport KW - rain KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50152240?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=Full+year+cycle+of+desert+dust+spectral+optical+thickness+and+precipitable+water+vapor+over+Alexandria%2C+Egypt&rft.au=Sabbah%2C+I%3BIchoku%2C+Charles%3BKaufman%2C+Yoram+J%3BRemer%2C+Lorraine%3BSokolik%2C+I+N%3BWinker%2C+D+M%3BBergametti%2C+G%3BGillette%2C+Dale+A%3BCarmichael%2C+Gregory+R%3BGomes%2C+Laurent%3BSchuetz%2C+L%3BPenner%2C+J+E&rft.aulast=Sabbah&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=D16&rft.spage=18&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2000JD900410 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 30 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables, 7 plates N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Africa; Alexandria Egypt; atmospheric precipitation; calibration coefficients; clastic sediments; cycles; dust; Egypt; environmental analysis; North Africa; optical properties; provenance; rain; Sahara; sediment transport; sediments; statistical analysis; storms; time series analysis; trajectory analysis; wind transport DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000JD900410 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sensitivity of multiangle imaging to natural mixtures of aerosols over ocean AN - 50152206; 2002-032375 AB - Multiangle remote sensing data can discriminate among aerosol air mass types, as represented by climatologically probable, external mixtures of component particles. Retrievals are performed over a comparison space of four-component mixtures, selected from six commonly observed components having assumed, fixed microphysical properties but with mixing ratios free to vary from 0% to 100%. We refer to this approach, which assumes climatologically probable component particles and derives aerosol mixtures from the observations, as a "climatological retrieval." On the basis of simulated Multiangle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR) observations over dark water, the retrieval can distinguish mixtures containing large, spherical particles (sea salt), nonspherical particles (accumulation and coarse mode dust), and small, dark particles (black carbon) to within 20% or better of each component's true mixing ratio. This is sufficient to distinguish maritime from continental aerosol air masses. The retrievals, which use all nine MISR angles and the two wavelengths least affected by ocean surface reflectance (672 and 867 nm), are not good at distinguishing medium, spherical, nonabsorbing (sulfate) from medium, spherical, absorbing (carbonaceous) particles. However, the sum is retrieved to within 20% of the true mixing ratio or better. This is significantly more detail about the properties of particle mixtures than has previously been retrieved from satellite data, and in all cases, the derived total column aerosol optical depth remains well constrained, to at least 0.05 or 20%, whichever is larger. We expect the MISR data, with its frequent global coverage, to complement in situ and field data, which can provide greater detail about aerosol size and composition locally. This combined effort should advance our knowledge of aerosol behavior globally and our ability to model the impact of aerosols on the climatically important solar radiation budget. Copyright 2001 by the American Geophysical Union. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Khan, Ralph AU - Banerjee, Pranab AU - McDonald, Duncan AU - Sokolik, I N AU - Winker, D M AU - Bergametti, G AU - Gillette, Dale A AU - Carmichael, Gregory R AU - Kaufman, Yoram J AU - Gomes, Laurent AU - Schuetz, L AU - Penner, J E Y1 - 2001/08// PY - 2001 DA - August 2001 SP - 18 EP - 18,238 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 106 IS - D16 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - methods KW - imagery KW - environmental analysis KW - AVHRR KW - theoretical studies KW - sedimentary rocks KW - infrared methods KW - transport KW - sensitivity analysis KW - mixing KW - sediments KW - ocean surface reflectance KW - climate KW - chemically precipitated rocks KW - clastic sediments KW - global KW - geophysical methods KW - evaporites KW - multiangle imaging spectroradiometers KW - marine environment KW - dust KW - aerosols KW - salt KW - airborne methods KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50152206?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=Sensitivity+of+multiangle+imaging+to+natural+mixtures+of+aerosols+over+ocean&rft.au=Khan%2C+Ralph%3BBanerjee%2C+Pranab%3BMcDonald%2C+Duncan%3BSokolik%2C+I+N%3BWinker%2C+D+M%3BBergametti%2C+G%3BGillette%2C+Dale+A%3BCarmichael%2C+Gregory+R%3BKaufman%2C+Yoram+J%3BGomes%2C+Laurent%3BSchuetz%2C+L%3BPenner%2C+J+E&rft.aulast=Khan&rft.aufirst=Ralph&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=D16&rft.spage=18&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2000JD900497 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 47 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table, 5 plates N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aerosols; airborne methods; AVHRR; chemically precipitated rocks; clastic sediments; climate; dust; environmental analysis; evaporites; geophysical methods; global; imagery; infrared methods; marine environment; methods; mixing; multiangle imaging spectroradiometers; ocean surface reflectance; salt; sedimentary rocks; sediments; sensitivity analysis; theoretical studies; transport DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000JD900497 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enhancement of dust source area during past glacial periods due to changes of the Hadley circulation AN - 50151958; 2002-032393 AB - Tropical deserts (e.g., Sahara, Arabian desert, Australian desert) are located within the Hadley circulation. Most of the dust uplifted from these deserts is carried by trade winds and deposited in tropical oceans with very little, if any, transported to polar regions. During glacial periods the dust concentrations in polar ice cores were a factor of 10 to 100 higher than during interglacial periods, including the current Holocene. The early general circulation model simulations of the past glacial climate were not able to reproduce these high mineral dust concentrations; the most recent attempts achieve an increased dust transport to polar regions by extending dust source areas to higher latitudes. We present a hypothesis that during glacial periods the Hadley cell is confined closer to the equator. This contraction of the Hadley circulation leads to the geographical change of the boundary between the tropical and the midlatitude circulation regimes. During the glacial periods a considerable fraction of the current tropical deserts was located outside the region of the Hadley circulation. This allowed the dust to be uplifted and transported by midlatitude storm systems to the polar regions. We present a model for the contraction of the Hadley circulation during the past glacial periods based on the Schneider-Lindzen and Held-Hou model of symmetric tropical circulation and on the assumption that the tropical sea surface temperatures were lower during glacial periods than they are today. Copyright 2001 by the American Geophysical Union. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Chylek, Petr AU - Lesins, Glen AU - Lohmann, Ulrike AU - Sokolik, I N AU - Winker, D M AU - Bergametti, G AU - Gillette, Dale A AU - Carmichael, Gregory R AU - Kaufman, Yoram J AU - Gomes, Laurent AU - Schuetz, L AU - Penner, J E Y1 - 2001/08// PY - 2001 DA - August 2001 SP - 18 EP - 18,485 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 106 IS - D16 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - tropical environment KW - eolian features KW - terrestrial environment KW - last glacial maximum KW - mineral dust KW - Holocene KW - deserts KW - Cenozoic KW - spatial distribution KW - glacial environment KW - sediments KW - concentration KW - polar regions KW - ice cores KW - paleocurrents KW - Quaternary KW - sediment transport KW - interglacial environment KW - clastic sediments KW - arid environment KW - sedimentation KW - paleoenvironment KW - dust KW - wind transport KW - Hadley circulation KW - winds KW - 24:Quaternary geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50151958?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=Enhancement+of+dust+source+area+during+past+glacial+periods+due+to+changes+of+the+Hadley+circulation&rft.au=Chylek%2C+Petr%3BLesins%2C+Glen%3BLohmann%2C+Ulrike%3BSokolik%2C+I+N%3BWinker%2C+D+M%3BBergametti%2C+G%3BGillette%2C+Dale+A%3BCarmichael%2C+Gregory+R%3BKaufman%2C+Yoram+J%3BGomes%2C+Laurent%3BSchuetz%2C+L%3BPenner%2C+J+E&rft.aulast=Chylek&rft.aufirst=Petr&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=D16&rft.spage=18&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2000JD900583 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 33 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. geol. sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - arid environment; Cenozoic; clastic sediments; concentration; deserts; dust; eolian features; glacial environment; Hadley circulation; Holocene; ice cores; interglacial environment; last glacial maximum; mineral dust; paleocurrents; paleoenvironment; polar regions; Quaternary; sediment transport; sedimentation; sediments; spatial distribution; terrestrial environment; tropical environment; wind transport; winds DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000JD900583 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Synopsis, transport, and physical characteristics of Asian dust in Korea AN - 50151936; 2002-032391 AB - Historical records in association with Asian dust events were retrieved from ancient Korean literature, which in conjunction with modern observations, indicate that dust events have occurred most frequently in the springtime during the last two centuries. Recent observations through surface network exhibit that Asian dust took place more often in the western part of the Korean peninsula over the last 20 years. In this study, two dust cases, April 1998 and January 1999, were selected to examine detailed conditions most favorable for dust generation, emission, and transport to Korea and to investigate the effect of dust particles on physical and optical properties of aerosols collected in Seoul. Dust transported to the Korean peninsula is closely linked to dust storms generated in upstream regions of the Yellow River or Manzurian plain, which are known as main source regions. Judged from synoptic conditions for both spring and winter dust events, meteorological settings favorable for dust emission are high surface winds and baroclinic instability at 1.5 km level. A strong wind belt, formed at a 5 km level, expedites dust transport, and this is typically much faster in winter. It was confirmed from a backward trajectory analysis that the air carrying mineral dust particles originated from deserts in central Asia and in 1 day passed through the Korean peninsula during wintertime. The effect of mineral dust on aerosol particles is well depicted in the size-separated number concentrations of aerosols observed in Seoul. In both cases, concentrations of coarse particles larger than 0.82 mu m were distinctly enhanced while those of fine particle smaller than 0.5 mu m were reduced. The measurements of optical depth also indicate that the atmosphere is more turbid with larger particles during dust events. Copyright 2001 by the American Geophysical Union. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Chun, Youngsin AU - Boo, Kyung-On AU - Kim, Jiyoung AU - Park, Soon-Ung AU - Lee, Meehye AU - Sokolik, I N AU - Winker, D M AU - Bergametti, G AU - Gillette, Dale A AU - Carmichael, Gregory R AU - Kaufman, Yoram J AU - Gomes, Laurent AU - Schuetz, L AU - Penner, J E Y1 - 2001/08// PY - 2001 DA - August 2001 SP - 18 EP - 18,469 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 106 IS - D16 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - terrestrial environment KW - Far East KW - sediment transport KW - clastic sediments KW - arid environment KW - grain size KW - Korea KW - environmental analysis KW - Seoul South Korea KW - history KW - spatial distribution KW - provenance KW - physical properties KW - transport KW - deposition KW - dust KW - sediments KW - seasonal variations KW - wind transport KW - Asia KW - South Korea KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50151936?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=Synopsis%2C+transport%2C+and+physical+characteristics+of+Asian+dust+in+Korea&rft.au=Chun%2C+Youngsin%3BBoo%2C+Kyung-On%3BKim%2C+Jiyoung%3BPark%2C+Soon-Ung%3BLee%2C+Meehye%3BSokolik%2C+I+N%3BWinker%2C+D+M%3BBergametti%2C+G%3BGillette%2C+Dale+A%3BCarmichael%2C+Gregory+R%3BKaufman%2C+Yoram+J%3BGomes%2C+Laurent%3BSchuetz%2C+L%3BPenner%2C+J+E&rft.aulast=Chun&rft.aufirst=Youngsin&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=D16&rft.spage=18&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2001JD900184 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 34 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. geol. sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - arid environment; Asia; clastic sediments; deposition; dust; environmental analysis; Far East; grain size; history; Korea; physical properties; provenance; seasonal variations; sediment transport; sediments; Seoul South Korea; South Korea; spatial distribution; terrestrial environment; transport; wind transport DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2001JD900184 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modeling mineral aerosol production by wind erosion; emission intensities and aerosol size distributions in source areas AN - 50151894; 2002-032366 AB - A dust production model (DPM) is obtained by combining preexisting models of saltation and sandblasting, the two processes that lead to mineral aerosol release in arid areas. From a description of the soil characteristics and wind conditions, the DPM allows computation of the amounts of aerosol released and of their size distributions. Semiquantitative comparisons of the model outputs with the few field data available in the litterature validate its main implications. The first one is that the aptitude of a soil to release particles smaller than 20 mu m depends on (1) the dry size distribution of aggregates constituting its loose fraction, (2) its roughness length, and (3) the wind velocity. The second implication is that the size distribution of aerosols released in source areas also strongly depends on these parameters. Copyright 2001 by the American Geophysical Union. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Alfaro, Stephane C AU - Gomes, Laurent AU - Sokolik, I N AU - Winker, D M AU - Bergametti, G AU - Gillette, Dale A AU - Carmichael, Gregory R AU - Kaufman, Yoram J AU - Schuetz, L AU - Penner, J E Y1 - 2001/08// PY - 2001 DA - August 2001 SP - 18 EP - 18,084 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 106 IS - D16 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - sand KW - terrestrial environment KW - sediment transport KW - erosion KW - clastic sediments KW - arid environment KW - grain size KW - statistical analysis KW - roughness KW - wind erosion KW - environmental analysis KW - models KW - provenance KW - size distribution KW - saltation KW - quantitative analysis KW - dust KW - sediments KW - aerosols KW - wind transport KW - minerals KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50151894?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=Modeling+mineral+aerosol+production+by+wind+erosion%3B+emission+intensities+and+aerosol+size+distributions+in+source+areas&rft.au=Alfaro%2C+Stephane+C%3BGomes%2C+Laurent%3BSokolik%2C+I+N%3BWinker%2C+D+M%3BBergametti%2C+G%3BGillette%2C+Dale+A%3BCarmichael%2C+Gregory+R%3BKaufman%2C+Yoram+J%3BSchuetz%2C+L%3BPenner%2C+J+E&rft.aulast=Alfaro&rft.aufirst=Stephane&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=D16&rft.spage=18&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2000JD900339 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 23 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 6 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aerosols; arid environment; clastic sediments; dust; environmental analysis; erosion; grain size; minerals; models; provenance; quantitative analysis; roughness; saltation; sand; sediment transport; sediments; size distribution; statistical analysis; terrestrial environment; wind erosion; wind transport DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000JD900339 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - On the relation between size and shape of desert dust aerosol AN - 50151867; 2002-032363 AB - Mathematical image analysis techniques are implemented in a novel manner to analyze aerosol particles in scanning electron microscope (SEM) data. By evaluating and removing the variable background in a digital SEM image using dynamic thresholding and then calculating the area and perimeter of each particle, one can study the relationship between particle area and particle shape. It is possible to distinguish in this manner between at least two different particle populations, separated by their fractal dimension, in a set of samples collected during 1 day in a heavy dust storm in Israel. Copyright 2001 by the American Geophysical Union. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Koren, Ilan AU - Ganor, Eliezer AU - Joseph, Joachim H AU - Sokolik, I N AU - Winker, D M AU - Bergametti, G AU - Gillette, Dale A AU - Carmichael, Gregory R AU - Kaufman, Yoram J AU - Gomes, Laurent AU - Schuetz, L AU - Penner, J E Y1 - 2001/08// PY - 2001 DA - August 2001 SP - 18 EP - 18,054 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 106 IS - D16 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - eolian features KW - Israel KW - deserts KW - AVHRR KW - infrared methods KW - dynamics KW - sediments KW - Asia KW - fractals KW - Middle East KW - sediment transport KW - clastic sediments KW - grain size KW - shape analysis KW - geophysical methods KW - planar shape perimeter KW - mathematical methods KW - dust KW - aerosols KW - wind transport KW - SEM data KW - Mediterranean region KW - image analysis KW - airborne methods KW - 06A:Sedimentary petrology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50151867?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=On+the+relation+between+size+and+shape+of+desert+dust+aerosol&rft.au=Koren%2C+Ilan%3BGanor%2C+Eliezer%3BJoseph%2C+Joachim+H%3BSokolik%2C+I+N%3BWinker%2C+D+M%3BBergametti%2C+G%3BGillette%2C+Dale+A%3BCarmichael%2C+Gregory+R%3BKaufman%2C+Yoram+J%3BGomes%2C+Laurent%3BSchuetz%2C+L%3BPenner%2C+J+E&rft.aulast=Koren&rft.aufirst=Ilan&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=D16&rft.spage=18&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2000JD900558 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 10 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. geol. sketch map, block diag. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aerosols; airborne methods; Asia; AVHRR; clastic sediments; deserts; dust; dynamics; eolian features; fractals; geophysical methods; grain size; image analysis; infrared methods; Israel; mathematical methods; Mediterranean region; Middle East; planar shape perimeter; sediment transport; sediments; SEM data; shape analysis; wind transport DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000JD900558 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A hemispheric dust storm affecting the Atlantic and Mediterranean in April 1994; analyses, modeling, ground-based measurements and satellite observations AN - 50151684; 2002-032390 AB - One of the largest recorded dust tranpsort events originating from the great Sahara desert during April 1994 affected the entire region extending from the Caribbean to the Eurasian continent. This hemispherical transport of airborne dust took place during a series of storms that developed during the first three weeks of April in a background of low-index circulation. These repeated events are studied through the combined analyses and interpretation of atmospheric data, ground-based aerosol measurements, visibility observations, AVHRR and Meteosat visible band satellite data, and the results of Eta model simulations, including an aerosol transport component. The observations produce a consistent picture of the temporal and spatial development of the dust events, whose main features are used in parts to verify the model results. The rate of dust suspension from some areas of the western Sahara desert exceeded 1.5 mg m (super -2) h (super -1) and the maximum column integrated dust load reached 2 g m (super -2) during April 3-5 1994, when the first major suspension event produced two simultaneous pulses of dust moving in opposite directions across the subtropical Atlantic Ocean and the eastern Mediterranean Sea. These dust suspensions were created by surface winds resulting from subsidence on the northeastern side of a blocking anticyclone in the Atlantic region and subsequent winds of an intense developing cyclone in the Mediterranean-African region. In the following period, maximum dust loads of 4.5 and 2.5 g m (super -2) occurred on April 12 and 17, respectively, when new cyclones transported dust across the Mediterranean from Africa to Europe. The generation of the two dust pulses during the first even and the recurrent cyclone transport in the following period is shown to be the result of a large-scale, anomalous atmospheric circulation connected with blocking in the Atlantic Ocean and the interactions of upper air jets downstream of the blocking. The particular state of the hemispheric circulation during the studied period corresponded to the positive phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). While previous statistical evidence has consistently linked dust transport in the region with the NAO signatures, we show the same connection on the basis of this case study. Copyright 2001 by the American Geophysical Union. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Ozsoy, Emin AU - Kubilay, Nilgun AU - Nickovic, Slobodan AU - Moulin, Cyril AU - Sokolik, I N AU - Winker, D M AU - Bergametti, G AU - Gillette, Dale A AU - Carmichael, Gregory R AU - Kaufman, Yoram J AU - Gomes, Laurent AU - Schuetz, L AU - Penner, J E Y1 - 2001/08// PY - 2001 DA - August 2001 SP - 18 EP - 18,460 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 106 IS - D16 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - dust storms KW - sediment transport KW - ground methods KW - geophysical methods KW - Eta model KW - satellite methods KW - low-index circulation KW - AVHRR KW - infrared methods KW - Atlantic region KW - climate effects KW - Africa KW - Sahara KW - wind transport KW - Mediterranean region KW - remote sensing KW - airborne methods KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50151684?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=A+hemispheric+dust+storm+affecting+the+Atlantic+and+Mediterranean+in+April+1994%3B+analyses%2C+modeling%2C+ground-based+measurements+and+satellite+observations&rft.au=Ozsoy%2C+Emin%3BKubilay%2C+Nilgun%3BNickovic%2C+Slobodan%3BMoulin%2C+Cyril%3BSokolik%2C+I+N%3BWinker%2C+D+M%3BBergametti%2C+G%3BGillette%2C+Dale+A%3BCarmichael%2C+Gregory+R%3BKaufman%2C+Yoram+J%3BGomes%2C+Laurent%3BSchuetz%2C+L%3BPenner%2C+J+E&rft.aulast=Ozsoy&rft.aufirst=Emin&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=D16&rft.spage=18&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2000JD900796 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 70 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. geol. sketch maps, 1 plate, block diag. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Africa; airborne methods; Atlantic region; AVHRR; climate effects; dust storms; Eta model; geophysical methods; ground methods; infrared methods; low-index circulation; Mediterranean region; remote sensing; Sahara; satellite methods; sediment transport; wind transport DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000JD900796 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Long-range transport of Asian dust to the lower Fraser Valley, British Columbia, Canada AN - 50151652; 2002-032384 AB - For the first time, long-range transport of "Kosa" mineral aerosol from western China to southwestern British Columbia is documented. This late April 1998 event coincided with an episode of photochemical smog and reduced dispersion in the Lower Fraser Valley (LFV). Filter samples in the region show a massive injection of crustal elements (Si, Fe, Al, and Ca) with concentrations of Si approximately double those previously recorded. Ratios of these elements to Fe are shown to be statistically similar to ratios observed in mineral aerosol events in Hawaii and China. On the basis of the difference between observed and expected elemental concentrations and reconstructed soil mass in the episode, it is estimated that Asian dust contributed 38-55% to observed PM (sub 10) in the LFV, the remainder being attributed to local sources. Comparison of the April 1998 event with two spring meteorological analogs is consistent with this estimate. Mesoscale model simulations suggest that mineral dust was incorporated into the planetary boundary layer as a result of strong subsidence over the interior of southern British Columbia and Washington State which permitted interception of lower tropospheric elevated aerosol layers by surface-based mixing processes over mountainous terrain. Surface easterly ("outflow") winds then transported this material into the Lower Fraser Valley where it contributed significantly to total particulate loadings and an intense haze. This mechanism is consistent with the observed spatial and temporal distribution of PM (sub 10) . Copyright 2001 by the American Geophysical Union. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - McKendry, I G AU - Hacker, J P AU - Stull, R AU - Sakiyama, S AU - Mignacca, D AU - Reid, K AU - Sokolik, I N AU - Winker, D M AU - Bergametti, G AU - Gillette, Dale A AU - Carmichael, Gregory R AU - Kaufman, Yoram J AU - Gomes, Laurent AU - Schuetz, L AU - Penner, J E Y1 - 2001/08// PY - 2001 DA - August 2001 SP - 18 EP - 18,370 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 106 IS - D16 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - Fraser River KW - sediment transport KW - clastic sediments KW - pollutants KW - human activity KW - pollution KW - British Columbia KW - troposphere KW - environmental analysis KW - spatial distribution KW - provenance KW - Canada KW - dust KW - sediments KW - aerosols KW - Western Canada KW - wind transport KW - winds KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50151652?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=Long-range+transport+of+Asian+dust+to+the+lower+Fraser+Valley%2C+British+Columbia%2C+Canada&rft.au=McKendry%2C+I+G%3BHacker%2C+J+P%3BStull%2C+R%3BSakiyama%2C+S%3BMignacca%2C+D%3BReid%2C+K%3BSokolik%2C+I+N%3BWinker%2C+D+M%3BBergametti%2C+G%3BGillette%2C+Dale+A%3BCarmichael%2C+Gregory+R%3BKaufman%2C+Yoram+J%3BGomes%2C+Laurent%3BSchuetz%2C+L%3BPenner%2C+J+E&rft.aulast=McKendry&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=D16&rft.spage=18&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2000JD900359 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 29 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables, geol. sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aerosols; British Columbia; Canada; clastic sediments; dust; environmental analysis; Fraser River; human activity; pollutants; pollution; provenance; sediment transport; sediments; spatial distribution; troposphere; Western Canada; wind transport; winds DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000JD900359 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Satellite detection of dust using the IR imagery of Meteosat; I, Infrared difference dust index AN - 50151621; 2002-032377 AB - The Infrared Difference Dust Index (IDDI) is a satellite dust product designed for climatological applications, designed specifically for dust remote sensing in arid regions such as the Sahel and Sahara. It is based on the atmospheric response to dust, extracted from midday Meteosat-IR imagery, and takes advantage of the impact of dust aerosols on the thermal infra-red radiance outgoing to space. Simulations show a quasi-linear relationship between satellite response to dust and shortwave optical depth, with a sensitivity depending on particle size distribution and radiative surface properties. Comparison of measured satellite response with photometric optical depth agrees with the simulations. Water vapor significantly affects the satellite signal for cases of large columnar amounts and oceanic air masses advected inland. Hence apart from possible coastal effects, the water vapor effect can be neglected in the Sahelian-Saharan zone north of the Intertropical Convergence Zone, coinciding with the major regions of African dust emission and transport. The construction of the IDDI involves the processing of reference images, theoretically representing the outgoing radiance obtaining under clear-sky conditions. Errors may arise from (1) dust remaining in the reference images and (2) seasonal shifts of the reference level; however, the latter error will be offset by averaging used in climatological processing. An error budget is presented for the station of Gao. A statistical comparison of IDDI data with visibility measured at synoptic stations results in (1) a validation of the product, and (2) a climatologically relevant visibility-IDDI relation, valid for the arid regions of northern Africa. The latter relation is consistent with both simulations and photometric measurements. IDDI maps over Africa compare successfully with optical depth over adjacent ocean regions derived from Meteosat-VIS imagery. The observed continuity of dust plumes across the African coast demonstrates the consistency between both products. Copyright 2001 by the American Geophysical Union. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Legrand, M AU - Plana-Fattori, A AU - N'doume, C AU - Sokolik, I N AU - Winker, D M AU - Bergametti, G AU - Gillette, Dale A AU - Carmichael, Gregory R AU - Kaufman, Yoram J AU - Gomes, Laurent AU - Schuetz, L AU - Penner, J E Y1 - 2001/08// PY - 2001 DA - August 2001 SP - 18 EP - 18,274 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 106 IS - D16 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - cycles KW - imagery KW - terrestrial environment KW - clastic sediments KW - arid environment KW - geophysical methods KW - atmosphere KW - Meteosat KW - simulation KW - satellite methods KW - infrared methods KW - dust KW - sediments KW - aerosols KW - remote sensing KW - 20:Applied geophysics KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50151621?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=Satellite+detection+of+dust+using+the+IR+imagery+of+Meteosat%3B+I%2C+Infrared+difference+dust+index&rft.au=Legrand%2C+M%3BPlana-Fattori%2C+A%3BN%27doume%2C+C%3BSokolik%2C+I+N%3BWinker%2C+D+M%3BBergametti%2C+G%3BGillette%2C+Dale+A%3BCarmichael%2C+Gregory+R%3BKaufman%2C+Yoram+J%3BGomes%2C+Laurent%3BSchuetz%2C+L%3BPenner%2C+J+E&rft.aulast=Legrand&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=D16&rft.spage=18&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2000JD900749 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 54 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 plates, 6 tables, geol. sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aerosols; arid environment; atmosphere; clastic sediments; cycles; dust; geophysical methods; imagery; infrared methods; Meteosat; remote sensing; satellite methods; sediments; simulation; terrestrial environment DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000JD900749 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ground-based network observation of Asian dust events of April 1998 in East Asia AN - 50151553; 2002-032383 AB - We coordinated a ground-based network that has been in use since 1997 to observe Asian dust during springtime. Huge Asian dust events that occurred in the middle of April 1998 were captured by this network. In this paper we present the organization of the network; a description of the instruments, including the lidar, sky radiometer, and optical particle counter; and the results of the observation, and offer discussions regarding the transport mechanism of Asian dust in east Asia using an on-line tracer model. We discussed the time series of the surface concentration and the height distribution of the dust. A cutoff cyclone generated during the dust episode was responsible for trapping and sedimentation during the transportation of the Asian dust, particularly in the southern parts of China and Japan. Horizontal dust images derived from NOAA/AVHRR clearly revealed the structure of the vortex. The lidar network observation confirmed the general pattern of dust height distribution in this event; the height of the major dust layer was about 3 km over Japan but was higher (4 to 5 km) in Seoul and Hefei. A thin dust layer in the upper troposphere was also commonly observed in Hefei and Japan. Evidence of the coexistence of dust and cirrus was shown by the polarization lidar. The lidar network observation of Asian dust and satellite remote sensing provide key information for the study of the transport mechanism of Asian dust. Further extension of the lidar network toward the interior of the continent and the Pacific Rim would reveal the greater global mechanism of the transportation. Copyright 2001 by the American Geophysical Union. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Murayama, Toshiyuki AU - Sugimoto, Nobuo AU - Uno, Itsushi AU - Kinoshita, Kisei AU - Aoki, Kazuma AU - Hagiwara, Naseru AU - Liu, Zhaoyan AU - Matsui, Ichiro AU - Sakai, Tetsu AU - Shibata, Takashi AU - Arao, Kimio AU - Sohn, Byung-Ju AU - Won, Jae-Gwang AU - Yoon, Soon-Chang AU - Li, Tao AU - Zhou, Jun AU - Hu, Huanling AU - Abo, Makoto AU - Iokibe, Kengo AU - Koga, Ryuji AU - Iwasaka, Yasunobu AU - Sokolik, I N AU - Winker, D M AU - Bergametti, G AU - Gillette, Dale A AU - Carmichael, Gregory R AU - Kaufman, Yoram J AU - Gomes, Laurent AU - Schuetz, L AU - Penner, J E Y1 - 2001/08// PY - 2001 DA - August 2001 SP - 18 EP - 18,359 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 106 IS - D16 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - networks KW - dust storms KW - sand KW - imagery KW - sediment transport KW - clastic sediments KW - geophysical methods KW - environmental analysis KW - eastern Asia KW - AVHRR KW - optical properties KW - infrared methods KW - radiometers KW - atmospheric transport KW - dust KW - sediments KW - Asia KW - instruments KW - airborne methods KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50151553?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=Ground-based+network+observation+of+Asian+dust+events+of+April+1998+in+East+Asia&rft.au=Murayama%2C+Toshiyuki%3BSugimoto%2C+Nobuo%3BUno%2C+Itsushi%3BKinoshita%2C+Kisei%3BAoki%2C+Kazuma%3BHagiwara%2C+Naseru%3BLiu%2C+Zhaoyan%3BMatsui%2C+Ichiro%3BSakai%2C+Tetsu%3BShibata%2C+Takashi%3BArao%2C+Kimio%3BSohn%2C+Byung-Ju%3BWon%2C+Jae-Gwang%3BYoon%2C+Soon-Chang%3BLi%2C+Tao%3BZhou%2C+Jun%3BHu%2C+Huanling%3BAbo%2C+Makoto%3BIokibe%2C+Kengo%3BKoga%2C+Ryuji%3BIwasaka%2C+Yasunobu%3BSokolik%2C+I+N%3BWinker%2C+D+M%3BBergametti%2C+G%3BGillette%2C+Dale+A%3BCarmichael%2C+Gregory+R%3BKaufman%2C+Yoram+J%3BGomes%2C+Laurent%3BSchuetz%2C+L%3BPenner%2C+J+E&rft.aulast=Murayama&rft.aufirst=Toshiyuki&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=D16&rft.spage=18&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2000JD900554 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 54 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 5 plates, 1 table, geol. sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - airborne methods; Asia; atmospheric transport; AVHRR; clastic sediments; dust; dust storms; eastern Asia; environmental analysis; geophysical methods; imagery; infrared methods; instruments; networks; optical properties; radiometers; sand; sediment transport; sediments DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000JD900554 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Climatology of dust aerosol size distribution and optical properties derived from remotely sensed data in the solar spectrum AN - 50151527; 2002-032374 AB - Simultaneous spectral remote observations of dust properties from space and from the ground create a powerful tool for the determination of ambient dust properties integrated on the entire atmospheric column. The two measurement methods have a complementary sensitivity to variety of dust properties. The methodology is demonstrated using spectral measurements (0.47-2.21 mu m) from Landsat TM over the bright Senegalian coast and dark ocean, and Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) radiances measured in several locations. We derive (1) the dust size distribution, showing a dominant coarse mode at 1-5 mu m and a secondary mode around 0.5 mu m effective radius; (2) dust absorption, which is found to be substantially smaller than reported from previous measurements; (3) the real part of the refractive index which varies within the range 1.53-1.46; and we show that (4) the effect of the dust nonspherical shape on its optical properties is not significant for scattering angles <120 degrees . Copyright 2001 by the American Geophysical Union. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Tanre, D AU - Kaufman, Yoram J AU - Holben, B N AU - Chatenet, B AU - Karnieli, A AU - Lavenu, F AU - Blarel, L AU - Dubovik, O AU - Remer, L A AU - Smirnov, A AU - Sokolik, I N AU - Winker, D M AU - Bergametti, G AU - Gillette, Dale A AU - Carmichael, Gregory R AU - Gomes, Laurent AU - Schuetz, L AU - Penner, J E Y1 - 2001/08// PY - 2001 DA - August 2001 SP - 18 EP - 18,217 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 106 IS - D16 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - thematic mapper KW - sediment transport KW - clastic sediments KW - environmental analysis KW - measurement KW - solar spectrum KW - size distribution KW - Landsat KW - optical properties KW - dust KW - sediments KW - climate effects KW - Africa KW - aerosols KW - Sahara KW - wind transport KW - remote sensing KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50151527?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=Climatology+of+dust+aerosol+size+distribution+and+optical+properties+derived+from+remotely+sensed+data+in+the+solar+spectrum&rft.au=Tanre%2C+D%3BKaufman%2C+Yoram+J%3BHolben%2C+B+N%3BChatenet%2C+B%3BKarnieli%2C+A%3BLavenu%2C+F%3BBlarel%2C+L%3BDubovik%2C+O%3BRemer%2C+L+A%3BSmirnov%2C+A%3BSokolik%2C+I+N%3BWinker%2C+D+M%3BBergametti%2C+G%3BGillette%2C+Dale+A%3BCarmichael%2C+Gregory+R%3BGomes%2C+Laurent%3BSchuetz%2C+L%3BPenner%2C+J+E&rft.aulast=Tanre&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=D16&rft.spage=18&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2000JD900663 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 60 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 5 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aerosols; Africa; clastic sediments; climate effects; dust; environmental analysis; Landsat; measurement; optical properties; remote sensing; Sahara; sediment transport; sediments; size distribution; solar spectrum; thematic mapper; wind transport DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000JD900663 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chemical and mineralogical analysis of individual mineral dust particles AN - 50151514; 2002-032361 AB - Individual mineral dust particles collected in a dust storm over Israel were analyzed by a scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersed system (SEM-EDS). The analysis shows that the particles were mostly aggregates of varying mineralogical composition rather than pure minerals. It is also shown that sulfur (not associated with gypsum) and, to a lesser extent, iron tended to reside on the particles' surface, while Ca, Mg, K, Al, and Si were all an integral part of the particles. The lack of NaCl and sulfuric acid aerosols in the sample indicates that the air mass did not interact with marine air or with clouds. This conclusion is further supported by back trajectory calculations. These findings suggest that the sulfur in the aerosols did not result from atmospheric processes but rather originated from processes in the source region. Black residue, surrounding some of the particles, suggests the possible existence of organic matter in the sample, probably originating from biological activity in the soil at the source of the particles. The method of individual particle analysis provides important information about the composition and morphology of the particles, information that otherwise cannot be obtained by bulk analysis methods. Copyright 2001 by the American Geophysical Union. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Falkovich, Alla H AU - Ganor, Eliezer AU - Levin, Zev AU - Formenti, Paola AU - Rudich, Yinon AU - Sokolik, I N AU - Winker, D M AU - Bergametti, G AU - Gillette, Dale A AU - Carmichael, Gregory R AU - Kaufman, Yoram J AU - Gomes, Laurent AU - Schuetz, L AU - Penner, J E Y1 - 2001/08// PY - 2001 DA - August 2001 SP - 18 EP - 18,036 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 106 IS - D16 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - aggregate KW - North Africa KW - Israel KW - mineral composition KW - sediments KW - storms KW - chemical composition KW - Asia KW - Middle East KW - soils KW - dust storms KW - clastic sediments KW - grain size KW - satellite methods KW - West Africa KW - provenance KW - organic compounds KW - Chad KW - dust KW - black residue KW - sulfur KW - Africa KW - aerosols KW - energy-dispersed system KW - wind transport KW - SEM data KW - particles KW - remote sensing KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50151514?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=Chemical+and+mineralogical+analysis+of+individual+mineral+dust+particles&rft.au=Falkovich%2C+Alla+H%3BGanor%2C+Eliezer%3BLevin%2C+Zev%3BFormenti%2C+Paola%3BRudich%2C+Yinon%3BSokolik%2C+I+N%3BWinker%2C+D+M%3BBergametti%2C+G%3BGillette%2C+Dale+A%3BCarmichael%2C+Gregory+R%3BKaufman%2C+Yoram+J%3BGomes%2C+Laurent%3BSchuetz%2C+L%3BPenner%2C+J+E&rft.aulast=Falkovich&rft.aufirst=Alla&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=D16&rft.spage=18&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2000JD900430 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 36 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables, geol. sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aerosols; Africa; aggregate; Asia; black residue; Chad; chemical composition; clastic sediments; dust; dust storms; energy-dispersed system; grain size; Israel; Middle East; mineral composition; North Africa; organic compounds; particles; provenance; remote sensing; satellite methods; sediments; SEM data; soils; storms; sulfur; West Africa; wind transport DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000JD900430 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mineral dust concentrations, deposition fluxes and deposition velocities in dust episodes over Israel AN - 50151058; 2002-032389 AB - Total suspended particles (TSP) and dustfall were simultaneously sampled in Jerusalem (1969-1973) and in Tel Aviv (1976-1995) to determine the deposition flux, particle concentration, and deposition velocity of the mineral dust. In addition, the deposition flux of dustfall was measured throughout Israel and in the Sinai Desert during the years 1970-1973. TSP concentrations during dust pulses ("episodes") were from 10 to 120 times higher than the background values of approximately 100 mu g m (super -3) ; the maximum concentration measured was 24,000 mu g m (super -3) . The annual deposition flux (from pulses only) decreased from 90 g m (super -2) yr (super -1) in the south to 30 g m (super -2) yr (super -1) in the north. The local contribution to the annual deposition flux was approximately 50% in the south and near the Judean Desert in the east but decreased to 25% in the north. Deposition velocities of the dustfall during months without dust episodes were on the order of 1.0 cm s (super -1) , while during months when dust storms occurred, deposition velocities are from 2 to 6 times greater than the background, depending on the location. Monthly mean deposition velocities during dust episodes varied between 2.6 cm s (super -1) and 9.0 cm s (super -1) ; short term (1 hour) values up to 27 cm s (super -1) have been measured. Copyright 2001 by the American Geophysical Union. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Ganor, Eliezer AU - Foner, H A AU - Sokolik, I N AU - Winker, D M AU - Bergametti, G AU - Gillette, Dale A AU - Carmichael, Gregory R AU - Kaufman, Yoram J AU - Gomes, Laurent AU - Schuetz, L AU - Penner, J E Y1 - 2001/08// PY - 2001 DA - August 2001 SP - 18 EP - 18,437 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 106 IS - D16 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - cycles KW - sediment transport KW - clastic sediments KW - Sinai KW - suspended materials KW - Israel KW - environmental analysis KW - deposition KW - dust KW - sediments KW - velocity KW - wind transport KW - Asia KW - Middle East KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50151058?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=Mineral+dust+concentrations%2C+deposition+fluxes+and+deposition+velocities+in+dust+episodes+over+Israel&rft.au=Ganor%2C+Eliezer%3BFoner%2C+H+A%3BSokolik%2C+I+N%3BWinker%2C+D+M%3BBergametti%2C+G%3BGillette%2C+Dale+A%3BCarmichael%2C+Gregory+R%3BKaufman%2C+Yoram+J%3BGomes%2C+Laurent%3BSchuetz%2C+L%3BPenner%2C+J+E&rft.aulast=Ganor&rft.aufirst=Eliezer&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=D16&rft.spage=18&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2000JD900535 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 24 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables, geol. sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Asia; clastic sediments; cycles; deposition; dust; environmental analysis; Israel; Middle East; sediment transport; sediments; Sinai; suspended materials; velocity; wind transport DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000JD900535 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sahara mineral dust measurements from TOMS; comparison to surface observations over the Middle East for the extreme dust storm, March 14-17, 1998 AN - 50151039; 2002-032378 AB - A comparison of the TOMS aerosol index (AI) with both measurements of dust concentrations and synoptic data over the Middle East for the extremely heavy dust storm of March 14-17, 1998, is performed. Time series over Algeria, Libya, and Israel yield the following findings: The peak values in both surface concentrations and TOMS data suggest that AI values of 2.5 and 1.2 correspond to surface mean daily concentrations of 1900 and 1000 mu g/m (super 3) respectively. Surface concentrations and TOMS maps show that AI values of 3.0 correspond to about 4000 mu g/m (super 3) . TOMS AI maximum values were found to increase from Algeria to Israel moving along with the center of the dust plume from 0.9 to 2.1 and 2.5 AI values. This seems to be in contradiction with the fact that the plume moves farther away from the major mineral dust sources over the Sahara and may be caused by either an increased vertical extension of the plume, hence increasing the TOMS AI, or due to convergence of the dust plume over the eastern Mediterranean. The size distribution, morphological, and mineralogical composition of the dust analyzed in this study, as well as other aerosol parameters, are essential for improving the remote sensing methods such as the TOMS AI algorithms. Of course, surface measurements alone do not allow the refinement of the TOMS retrievals; vertical profile dust measurements as well as other physical and optical aerosol parameters are necessary. Copyright 2001 by the American Geophysical Union. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Alpert, P AU - Ganor, E AU - Sokolik, I N AU - Winker, D M AU - Bergametti, G AU - Gillette, Dale A AU - Carmichael, Gregory R AU - Kaufman, Yoram J AU - Gomes, Laurent AU - Schuetz, L AU - Penner, J E Y1 - 2001/08// PY - 2001 DA - August 2001 SP - 18 EP - 18,286 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 106 IS - D16 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - dust storms KW - TOMS KW - pressure KW - time series analysis KW - sediment transport KW - clastic sediments KW - statistical analysis KW - environmental analysis KW - measurement KW - East Mediterranean KW - size distribution KW - surface-sea-level-pressure charts KW - dust KW - sediments KW - Africa KW - aerosols KW - Sahara KW - storms KW - Mediterranean Sea KW - algorithms KW - wind transport KW - Asia KW - Middle East KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50151039?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=Sahara+mineral+dust+measurements+from+TOMS%3B+comparison+to+surface+observations+over+the+Middle+East+for+the+extreme+dust+storm%2C+March+14-17%2C+1998&rft.au=Alpert%2C+P%3BGanor%2C+E%3BSokolik%2C+I+N%3BWinker%2C+D+M%3BBergametti%2C+G%3BGillette%2C+Dale+A%3BCarmichael%2C+Gregory+R%3BKaufman%2C+Yoram+J%3BGomes%2C+Laurent%3BSchuetz%2C+L%3BPenner%2C+J+E&rft.aulast=Alpert&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=D16&rft.spage=18&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2000JD900366 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 24 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 plate, geol. sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aerosols; Africa; algorithms; Asia; clastic sediments; dust; dust storms; East Mediterranean; environmental analysis; measurement; Mediterranean Sea; Middle East; pressure; Sahara; sediment transport; sediments; size distribution; statistical analysis; storms; surface-sea-level-pressure charts; time series analysis; TOMS; wind transport DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000JD900366 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Optical properties and direct radiative effect of Saharan dust; a case study of two Saharan dust outbreaks using aircraft data AN - 50151009; 2002-032388 AB - The radiative effects of Saharan dust are measured during two flights by the Met Office C-130 aircraft off the west coast of Africa. Data from the broadband radiometers suggests that the perturbation to the top of the atmosphere net solar irradiance is as strong as -60 W m (super -2) + or -5 W m (super -2) during the dust events. In situ measurements with the nephelometer and particle soot absorption photometer suggest that the single scattering albedo is approximately 0.87 at a wavelength of 0.55 mu m. This is in agreement with the optical parameters calculated from independent measurements of the particle size distributions combined with suitable refractive indices and Mie-scattering theory. The wavelength dependence of the extinction coefficient derived from measurements of the scattering coefficient by the nephelometer is also in excellent agreement with the calculations. Independent surface-based measurements from Cape Verde suggest that the wavelength dependence of the aerosol optical depth appears reasonable. Calculations of the downward solar irradiances within the aerosol layer are generally in good agreement with the measurements demonstrating consistency between the measurements and the modeling efforts. The terrestrial radiative effect is not detectable by the current instrumentation, though it cannot be considered negligible. These measurements suggest that satellite retrieval algorithms may misclassify the aerosol outbreak as cloud because the aerosol optical depth at 0.55 mu m is as high as 1.15, which is in excess of the thresholds used in some cloud detection algorithms. The measurements demonstrate that this method could be used to provide an accurate benchmark for satellite-based estimates of the radiative effect of aerosols. Copyright 2001 by the American Geophysical Union. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Haywood, James M AU - Francis, Peter N AU - Glew, Martin D AU - Taylor, Jonathan P AU - Sokolik, I N AU - Winker, D M AU - Bergametti, G AU - Gillette, Dale A AU - Carmichael, Gregory R AU - Kaufman, Yoram J AU - Gomes, Laurent AU - Schuetz, L AU - Penner, J E Y1 - 2001/08// PY - 2001 DA - August 2001 SP - 18 EP - 18,430 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 106 IS - D16 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - clouds KW - albedo KW - Mie theory KW - sediment transport KW - clastic sediments KW - human activity KW - atmosphere KW - satellite methods KW - environmental analysis KW - spatial distribution KW - absorption KW - optical properties KW - dust KW - solar radiation KW - sediments KW - Africa KW - aerosols KW - Sahara KW - radiative effects KW - algorithms KW - remote sensing KW - airborne methods KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50151009?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=Optical+properties+and+direct+radiative+effect+of+Saharan+dust%3B+a+case+study+of+two+Saharan+dust+outbreaks+using+aircraft+data&rft.au=Haywood%2C+James+M%3BFrancis%2C+Peter+N%3BGlew%2C+Martin+D%3BTaylor%2C+Jonathan+P%3BSokolik%2C+I+N%3BWinker%2C+D+M%3BBergametti%2C+G%3BGillette%2C+Dale+A%3BCarmichael%2C+Gregory+R%3BKaufman%2C+Yoram+J%3BGomes%2C+Laurent%3BSchuetz%2C+L%3BPenner%2C+J+E&rft.aulast=Haywood&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=D16&rft.spage=18&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2000JD900319 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 49 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table, geol. sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - absorption; aerosols; Africa; airborne methods; albedo; algorithms; atmosphere; clastic sediments; clouds; dust; environmental analysis; human activity; Mie theory; optical properties; radiative effects; remote sensing; Sahara; satellite methods; sediment transport; sediments; solar radiation; spatial distribution DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000JD900319 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A study of the sensitivity of simulated mineral dust production to model resolution AN - 50150979; 2002-032368 AB - The dependence of dust production on model grid-space resolution is investigated using the Navy's operational mesoscale meteorological model with an imbedded dust emission model. The study covers a 2-week period of strong dust storms in April 1998 in the major dust source area of East Asia. The modeled surface winds at grid resolutions of 20, 40, 60, and 80 km are verified against observational data. At all resolutions the model has a positive bias in wind speed that decreases as resolution increases. Dust fluxes that are proportional to the fourth power of the friction velocity (u (sub *) ) and the third power of the wind speed are calculated at all four resolutions and compared. Compared with the 20-km resolution u (sub *) -driven flux, which is deduced to be the most accurate, the u (sub *) -driven flux on the coarser grids overestimate the flux, with the 80 km being 60% higher for individual events and nearly 20% higher in the total dust production for the entire study period. The wind-driven flux misses the smaller events due to the lack of a dependence on stability and wind shear, when compared with the timing of surface dust observations, and has differences of up to 70%, when compared with the 20-km u (sub *) -driven flux. Averaging over space and time tends to reduce the differences among grids and might support modeling at coarse resolution. Copyright 2001 by the American Geophysical Union. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Liu, Ming AU - Westphal, Douglas L AU - Sokolik, I N AU - Winker, D M AU - Bergametti, G AU - Gillette, Dale A AU - Carmichael, Gregory R AU - Kaufman, Yoram J AU - Gomes, Laurent AU - Schuetz, L AU - Penner, J E Y1 - 2001/08// PY - 2001 DA - August 2001 SP - 18 EP - 18,112 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 106 IS - D16 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - soils KW - dust storms KW - terrestrial environment KW - erosion KW - clastic sediments KW - arid environment KW - wind erosion KW - simulation KW - environmental analysis KW - models KW - provenance KW - sensitivity analysis KW - dust KW - sediments KW - aerosols KW - soil erosion KW - Asia KW - winds KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50150979?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=A+study+of+the+sensitivity+of+simulated+mineral+dust+production+to+model+resolution&rft.au=Liu%2C+Ming%3BWestphal%2C+Douglas+L%3BSokolik%2C+I+N%3BWinker%2C+D+M%3BBergametti%2C+G%3BGillette%2C+Dale+A%3BCarmichael%2C+Gregory+R%3BKaufman%2C+Yoram+J%3BGomes%2C+Laurent%3BSchuetz%2C+L%3BPenner%2C+J+E&rft.aulast=Liu&rft.aufirst=Ming&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=D16&rft.spage=18&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2000JD900711 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 26 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table, geol. sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aerosols; arid environment; Asia; clastic sediments; dust; dust storms; environmental analysis; erosion; models; provenance; sediments; sensitivity analysis; simulation; soil erosion; soils; terrestrial environment; wind erosion; winds DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000JD900711 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Clearance and Fragmentation of Tropical Deciduous Forest in the Tierras Bajas, Santa Cruz, Bolivia AN - 19938635; 5215556 AB - The Tierras Bajas is an area of 20,000 km super(2) of lowland deciduous forest in eastern Santa Cruz, Bolivia, that has undergone rapid change during the past two decades. As part of the largest remaining area of intact deciduous tropical forest in the world, it has been nominated a priority area for conservation by several environmental organizations. We quantified the spatial and temporal patterns of deforestation in the area by digital processing of high-resolution satellite imagery from 1975 through 1998. The estimated rate of deforestation was among the highest in the world for such a limited area, ranging from 160 km super(2)/year in the early1980s to almost 1200 km super(2)/year in the late 1990s. Although most deforestation up to 1984 was in Bolivian peasant and Mennonite colonies, most deforestation after 1984 was in non-Mennonite industrial soybean farms. The level of fragmentation of uncut forest, caused by the spatial patterns of deforestation, also differed among these broad land-use types. Deforestation in planned and spontaneous peasant colonies was complex in shape, forming relatively large areas of edge-affected forest, whereas that in Mennonite and other industrial farms was in large, rectangular increments, creating relatively less edge. But the distribution of these farms and the practice of initially clearing around the peripheries of properties resulted in the isolation of large areas of forest. In 1998 four-fifths of the remaining forest were either within 1 km of a clearance edge or in isolated fragments of <50 km super(2). Compared with deforested areas, the areas of isolated and edge-affected forest were disproportionately large during the early stages of frontier colonization. These results imply that if the fragmentation effects of deforestation are to be minimized, conservation planning must occur at the earliest stages of frontier development. JF - Conservation Biology AU - Steininger, M K AU - Tucker, C J AU - Ersts, P AU - Killeen, T J AU - Villegas, Z AU - Hecht, S B AD - Code 923, Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD 20771, U.S.A., msteininger@conservation.org Y1 - 2001/08// PY - 2001 DA - Aug 2001 SP - 856 EP - 866 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 15 IS - 4 SN - 0888-8892, 0888-8892 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Human Population KW - Environmental degradation KW - Bolivia, Santa Cruz KW - deciduous forests KW - Remote sensing KW - Forests KW - Habitat fragmentation KW - Bolivia KW - Clear cutting KW - spatial distribution KW - farms KW - soybeans KW - environmental organizations KW - tropical forests KW - Satellites KW - colonization KW - Land use KW - Environmental protection KW - Tropical environments KW - Conservation KW - Environment management KW - USA, California, Santa Cruz KW - Deforestation KW - M1 320:Environmental & Natural Resource Development KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - D 04712:Environmental degradation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19938635?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Conservation+Biology&rft.atitle=Clearance+and+Fragmentation+of+Tropical+Deciduous+Forest+in+the+Tierras+Bajas%2C+Santa+Cruz%2C+Bolivia&rft.au=Steininger%2C+M+K%3BTucker%2C+C+J%3BErsts%2C+P%3BKilleen%2C+T+J%3BVillegas%2C+Z%3BHecht%2C+S+B&rft.aulast=Steininger&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=856&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Conservation+Biology&rft.issn=08888892&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1523-1739.2001.015004856.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2001-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Environmental degradation; Conservation; Forests; Environment management; Habitat fragmentation; Environmental protection; Land use; Clear cutting; Deforestation; deciduous forests; Remote sensing; environmental organizations; tropical forests; Satellites; colonization; spatial distribution; farms; Tropical environments; soybeans; Bolivia, Santa Cruz; USA, California, Santa Cruz; Bolivia DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.2001.015004856.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Variational Data Assimilation of Microwave Radiobrightness Observations for Land Surface Hydrology Applications AN - 18352450; 5286010 AB - Our ability to accurately describe large-scale variations in soil moisture is severely restricted by process uncertainty and the limited availability of appropriate soil moisture data. Remotely sensed microwave radiobrightness observations can cover large scales but have limited resolution and are only indirectly related to the hydrologic variables of interest. We describe a four-dimensional (4-D) variational assimilation algorithm that makes best use of available information while accounting for both measurement and model uncertainty. The representer method used here is more efficient than a Kalman filter because it avoids explicit propagation of state error covariances. In a synthetic example, which is based on a field experiment, we demonstrate estimation performance by examining data residuals. Such tests provide a convenient way to check the statistical assumptions of the approach and to assess its operational feasibility. Internally computed covariances show that the estimation error decreases with increasing soil moisture. An adjoint analysis reveals that trends in model errors in the soil moisture equation can be estimated from daily L-band brightness measurements, whereas model errors in the soil and canopy temperature equations cannot be adequately retrieved from daily data alone. Nonetheless, state estimates obtained from the assimilation algorithm improve significantly on prior model predictions derived without assimilation of radiobrightness data. JF - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing AU - Reichle, R H AU - McLaughlin, D B AU - Entekhabi, D AD - Goddard Earth Sciences and Technology Center, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA, reichle@janus.gsfc.nasa.gov Y1 - 2001/08// PY - 2001 DA - Aug 2001 SP - 1708 EP - 1718 VL - 39 IS - 8 SN - 0196-2892, 0196-2892 KW - Microwave radiobrightness KW - surface radiation temperature KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - Remote Sensing KW - Remote sensing of soil moisture KW - Microwave imagery KW - Remote sensing KW - Algorithms KW - Soil Water KW - Freshwater KW - Water content KW - Hydrologic cycle KW - Remote sensing in hydrology KW - Microwave radiometers KW - Microwaves KW - Soils KW - Hydrology KW - Q2 09393:Remote geosensing KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - M2 556.078:Special apparatus and equipment for study of hydrological phenomena (556.078) KW - M2 556.322.2:Soil water (556.322.2) KW - M2 556.142:Soil moisture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18352450?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IEEE+Transactions+on+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing&rft.atitle=Variational+Data+Assimilation+of+Microwave+Radiobrightness+Observations+for+Land+Surface+Hydrology+Applications&rft.au=Reichle%2C+R+H%3BMcLaughlin%2C+D+B%3BEntekhabi%2C+D&rft.aulast=Reichle&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1708&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=IEEE+Transactions+on+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing&rft.issn=01962892&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Microwave imagery; Soils; Algorithms; Remote sensing; Water content; Hydrologic cycle; Microwave radiometers; Remote sensing of soil moisture; Remote sensing in hydrology; Remote Sensing; Microwaves; Hydrology; Soil Water; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Stability of boreal forest stands during recent climate change: evidence from Landsat satellite imagery AN - 18243105; 5304640 AB - To detect possible expansion of boreal forest stands in response to recent warming. Previous modelling studies have concluded that major shifts in vegetation patterns, including changes in boreal forest extent, could arise during the next two centuries under global warming scenarios. However, field investigations of tree stands at ecotones have so far revealed little indication of stand response to warming during the last 100 years. This study uses a c. 25-year record of Landsat satellite observations to quantify changes in forest stand extent in two areas of northern Canada. Two regions of northern Canada, near Richmond Gulf, Quebec, and Great Slave Lake, north-west Territories. Normalized-difference vegetation index (NDVI) plots across forest-tundra boundaries were obtained from radiometrically corrected Landsat imagery acquired during the 1970s and 1990s. These curves were evaluated to look for changes over the c. 25-year period related to forest stand expansion. Although forest-tundra boundaries could be clearly mapped from the satellite data, no obvious change in forest boundaries was apparent during the duration of the image time series, constraining recent geographical expansion rates to <200-300 m per century. Also, no evidence for local expansion of forest stands (e.g. within sheltered valleys) was found. The results are consistent with field observations, and suggest that, at the moment, boreal forest extents remain basically stable. This may reflect inherent lags between forest response and climate change, or competitive pressures between tree stands and surrounding tundra and herbaceous vegetation. JF - Journal of Biogeography AU - Masek, J G AD - Code 923, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA, jmasek@ltpmail.gsfc.nasa.gov Y1 - 2001/08// PY - 2001 DA - Aug 2001 SP - 967 EP - 976 VL - 28 IS - 8 SN - 0305-0270, 0305-0270 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Canada, Northwest Terr. KW - Canada, Quebec KW - Climatic changes KW - Remote sensing KW - Global warming KW - Forests KW - D 04125:Temperate forests KW - D 04002:Surveying and remote sensing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18243105?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biogeography&rft.atitle=Stability+of+boreal+forest+stands+during+recent+climate+change%3A+evidence+from+Landsat+satellite+imagery&rft.au=Masek%2C+J+G&rft.aulast=Masek&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=967&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Biogeography&rft.issn=03050270&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Canada, Quebec; Canada, Northwest Terr.; Remote sensing; Forests; Climatic changes; Global warming ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Methodology for Surface Soil Moisture and Vegetation Optical Depth Retrieval Using the Microwave Polarization Difference Index AN - 18226719; 5286006 AB - A methodology for retrieving surface soil moisture and vegetation optical depth from satellite microwave radiometer data is presented. The procedure is tested with historical 6.6 GHz H and V polarized brightness temperature observations from the scanning multichannel microwave radiometer (SMMR) over several test sites in Illinois. Results using only nighttime data are presented at this time due to the greater stability of nighttime surface temperature estimation. The methodology uses a radiative transfer model to solve for surface soil moisture and vegetation optical depth simultaneously using a nonlinear iterative optimization procedure. It assumes known constant values for the scattering albedo and roughness, and that vegetation optical depth for H-polarization is the same as for V-polarization. Surface temperature is derived by a procedure using high frequency V-polarized brightness temperatures. The methodology does not require any field observations of soil moisture or canopy biophysical properties for calibration purposes and may be applied to other wavelengths. Results compare well with field observations of soil moisture and satellite-derived vegetation index data from optical sensors. JF - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing AU - Owe, M AU - de Jeu, R AU - Walker, J AD - Hydrological Sciences Branch, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA, owe@hydro4.gsfc.nasa.gov Y1 - 2001/08// PY - 2001 DA - August 2001 SP - 1643 EP - 1654 VL - 39 IS - 8 SN - 0196-2892, 0196-2892 KW - USA, Illinois KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Remote Sensing KW - Satellite Technology KW - Satellite microwave radiation measurements KW - Microwaves KW - Sensors KW - Vegetation KW - Moisture Content KW - Soil moisture observation techniques KW - Soil Water KW - Soil Properties KW - SW 0845:Water in soils KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - M2 556.142:Soil moisture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18226719?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IEEE+Transactions+on+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing&rft.atitle=A+Methodology+for+Surface+Soil+Moisture+and+Vegetation+Optical+Depth+Retrieval+Using+the+Microwave+Polarization+Difference+Index&rft.au=Owe%2C+M%3Bde+Jeu%2C+R%3BWalker%2C+J&rft.aulast=Owe&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1643&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=IEEE+Transactions+on+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing&rft.issn=01962892&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-06-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Satellite microwave radiation measurements; Soil moisture observation techniques; Remote Sensing; Satellite Technology; Microwaves; Sensors; Vegetation; Moisture Content; Soil Properties; Soil Water ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Conservation Applications of Astronaut Photographs of Earth: Tidal-Flat Loss (Japan), Elephant Effects on Vegetation (Botswana), and Seagrass and Mangrove Monitoring (Australia) AN - 18188093; 5215558 AB - National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA) photographs taken by astronauts from low Earth orbit can provide information relevant to conservation biology. This data source is now more accessible because of improvements in digitizing technology, Internet file transfer, and availability of image processing software. We present three examples of conservation-related projects that benefited from the use of astronaut photographs. First, NASA scientists requested that astronauts photograph the area of the controversial Isahaya Bay reclamation project in Japan. Japanese researchers used photographs from before and after the reclamation as a tool for communication with the public about the effects of tidal-flat loss. The newly acquired images and the availability of high-resolution digital images from NASA archives provided timely public information on the observed changes. Second, we digitally classified and analyzed a Space Shuttle photograph of Chobe National Park in Botswana to identify the locations of woodlands affected by elephants. Field validation later confirmed that areas identified on the image showed evidence of elephant damage. Third, we used a summary map from intensive field surveys of seagrasses in Shoalwater Bay, Australia, as reference data for a supervised classification of a digitized photograph taken from orbit. The classification distinguished seagrasses, sediments, and mangroves with accuracy approximating that in studies using other satellite remote-sensing data. Astronaut photographs are in the public domain, and the database of nearly 400,000 photographs from the late 1960s to the present is available at a single searchable location on the Internet (http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/sseop). These photographs can be used by conservation biologists as a source of general information about the landscape and for quantitative mapping. JF - Conservation Biology AU - Robinson, JA AU - Lulla, K P AU - Kashiwagi, M AU - Suzuki, M AU - Nellis, MD AU - Bussing, CE AU - Long, W J AU - Mckenzie, L J AD - Earth Sciences and Image Analysis, Johnson Space Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 2400 NASA Rd 1, C23, Houston, TX 77058, U.S.A., julie.a.robinson1@jsc.nasa.gov Y1 - 2001/08// PY - 2001 DA - Aug 2001 SP - 876 EP - 884 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 15 IS - 4 SN - 0888-8892, 0888-8892 KW - Elephants KW - habitat loss KW - Oceanic Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Environmental monitoring KW - Marine KW - Seagrasses KW - Mangrove swamps KW - Brackish KW - Aerial photography KW - Freshwater KW - ISEW, Australia, Queensland, Shoalwater Bay KW - Vegetation cover KW - Vegetation patterns KW - Tidal flats KW - Nature conservation KW - Botswana KW - Elephantidae KW - Conservation KW - Australia KW - Sea grass KW - Botswana, Chobe Natl. Park KW - Plant populations KW - INW, Japan, Kyushu, Nagasaki Prefect., Isahaya Bay KW - Japan KW - Mangroves KW - O 4095:Instruments/Methods KW - Q1 08382:Ecological techniques and apparatus KW - Q5 08502:Methods and instruments KW - D 04705:Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18188093?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Conservation+Biology&rft.atitle=Conservation+Applications+of+Astronaut+Photographs+of+Earth%3A+Tidal-Flat+Loss+%28Japan%29%2C+Elephant+Effects+on+Vegetation+%28Botswana%29%2C+and+Seagrass+and+Mangrove+Monitoring+%28Australia%29&rft.au=Robinson%2C+JA%3BLulla%2C+K+P%3BKashiwagi%2C+M%3BSuzuki%2C+M%3BNellis%2C+MD%3BBussing%2C+CE%3BLong%2C+W+J%3BMckenzie%2C+L+J&rft.aulast=Robinson&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=876&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Conservation+Biology&rft.issn=08888892&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1523-1739.2001.015004876.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Environmental monitoring; Vegetation cover; Mangrove swamps; Tidal flats; Nature conservation; Sea grass; Aerial photography; Plant populations; Seagrasses; Vegetation patterns; Conservation; Mangroves; Elephantidae; Botswana; Australia; Botswana, Chobe Natl. Park; Japan; ISEW, Australia, Queensland, Shoalwater Bay; INW, Japan, Kyushu, Nagasaki Prefect., Isahaya Bay; Freshwater; Brackish; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.2001.015004876.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluating Ultraviolet Radiation Exposure with Satellite Data at Sites of Amphibian Declines in Central and South America AN - 18184589; 5215562 AB - Many amphibian species have experienced substantial population declines or have disappeared altogether during the last several decades at a number of amphibian survey sites in Central and South America. Our study addresses the use of trends in solar UV-B radiation exposure (280-320 nm) at these sites over the last two decades, derived from the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer satellite data. It is intended to demonstrate a role for satellite observations in determining whether UV-B radiation is a contributing factor in amphibian declines. We used these data to calculate the daily erythemal (sunburning) UV-B, or UV-B , exposure at the latitude, longitude, and elevation of each of 20 survey sites. The annually averaged UV-B dose, as well as the maximum values, have been increasing in both Central and South America, with higher levels reached at the Central American sites. The annually averaged UV-B exposure increased significantly from 1979-1998 at all 11 Central American sites we examined (r super(2) = 0. 60-0. 79; p less than or equal to 0. 015), with smaller but significant increases at five of the nine South American sites (r super(2) = 0. 24-0. 42; p less than or equal to 0. 05). The number of days having the highest UV-B exposure ( greater than or equal to 6. 75 kJ/m super(2)/day) increased in both regions from <40 days per year to approximately 58 days per year in 1998 (r super(2) = 0. 24-0. 42; p less than or equal to 0. 001). In Central America, the contribution of these very high UV-B exposure levels to the annual UV-B total increased from approximately 5 to approximately 15% over the 19-year period, but actual daily exposures for each species are unknown. A UV-B ratio, the highest monthly UV-B exposure relative to the annual average for the highest UV-B category ( greater than or equal to 6. 75 kJ /m super(2)), increased in both regions over this time period (r super(2) = 0. 73; p less than or equal to 0. 001). This UV index was consistently higher for Central America, where species declines have been the most severe. These results should justify further research into whether UV-B radiation plays a role in amphibian population declines and extinctions. We discuss synergy among UV-B radiation and other factors, especially those associated with alterations of water chemistry (e. g. , acidification) in aqueous habitats. JF - Conservation Biology AU - Middleton, E M AU - Herman, J R AU - Celarier, EA AU - Wilkinson, J W AU - Carey, C AU - Rusin, R J AD - Laboratory for Terrestrial Physics (Code 923), Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD 20771, U.S.A., betsym@ltpmail.gsfc.nasa.gov. Y1 - 2001/08// PY - 2001 DA - Aug 2001 SP - 914 EP - 929 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 15 IS - 4 SN - 0888-8892, 0888-8892 KW - Amphibians KW - ozone depletion KW - population declines KW - Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Remote sensing KW - Pollution effects KW - Man-induced effects KW - Freshwater KW - Population decline KW - Population dynamics KW - Amphibia KW - Satellite sensing KW - South America KW - U.V. radiation KW - Latitudinal variations KW - Ultraviolet radiation KW - Central America KW - Q1 08442:Population dynamics KW - Q5 08521:Mechanical and natural changes KW - D 04705:Conservation KW - D 04669:Amphibians UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18184589?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Conservation+Biology&rft.atitle=Evaluating+Ultraviolet+Radiation+Exposure+with+Satellite+Data+at+Sites+of+Amphibian+Declines+in+Central+and+South+America&rft.au=Middleton%2C+E+M%3BHerman%2C+J+R%3BCelarier%2C+EA%3BWilkinson%2C+J+W%3BCarey%2C+C%3BRusin%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Middleton&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=914&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Conservation+Biology&rft.issn=08888892&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1523-1739.2001.015004914.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Satellite sensing; Latitudinal variations; Ultraviolet radiation; Man-induced effects; Pollution effects; Population dynamics; U.V. radiation; Remote sensing; Population decline; Amphibia; South America; Central America; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.2001.015004914.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Examining Fragmentation and Loss of Primary Forest in the Southern Bahian Atlantic Forest of Brazil with Radar Imagery AN - 18135264; 5215557 AB - The Atlantic rainforest of southern Bahia is one of the last remnants of the lowland forest of eastern Brazil that once covered the entire coastal area from Rio Grande do Norte to Rio Grande do Sul ( lat 8 degree -28 degree S) and has been deforested to a small fraction of its original cover (1-12%). All recent vegetation surveys have been based on optical satellite data, which is hampered by cloud cover and by southern Bahia's intricate mix of forest patches with other tree crops, especially cocoa. We describe the application of radar remote-sensing data to distinguish forest patches from cocoa planted in the shade of natural-forest trees. Radar, unlike optical sensors, is not obstructed by cloud cover and can acquire information about forest structure by penetrating into the vegetation canopy. The vegetation map generated from radar data clearly separates forest patches based on the degree of structural disturbance such as the density of shaded trees, the openness of the canopy, and the density of the monodominant Erythyrina shaded trees. The structural classification based on the radar data, and shown on the map, can help researchers assess the degree of fragmentation of the original Atlantic coastal forest and delineate areas of less disturbance with higher potential for conservation of biodiversity. This information can then be applied to conservation planning, especially the design and monitoring of nature reserves and the modeling of biological corridors. JF - Conservation Biology AU - Saatchi, S AU - Agosti, D AU - Alger, K AU - Delabie, J AU - Musinsky, J AD - Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, U.S.A., saatchi@congo.jpl.nasa.gov Y1 - 2001/08// PY - 2001 DA - Aug 2001 SP - 867 EP - 875 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 15 IS - 4 SN - 0888-8892, 0888-8892 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Rain forests KW - Brazil KW - Remote sensing KW - Habitat fragmentation KW - Deforestation KW - D 04002:Surveying and remote sensing KW - D 04712:Environmental degradation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18135264?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Conservation+Biology&rft.atitle=Examining+Fragmentation+and+Loss+of+Primary+Forest+in+the+Southern+Bahian+Atlantic+Forest+of+Brazil+with+Radar+Imagery&rft.au=Saatchi%2C+S%3BAgosti%2C+D%3BAlger%2C+K%3BDelabie%2C+J%3BMusinsky%2C+J&rft.aulast=Saatchi&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=867&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Conservation+Biology&rft.issn=08888892&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1523-1739.2001.015004867.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Brazil; Remote sensing; Habitat fragmentation; Deforestation; Rain forests DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.2001.015004867.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Introduction [to Special Section: Contributions of Remote Sensing to Biodiversity Conservation: A NASA Approach] AN - 17929575; 5215553 JF - Conservation Biology AU - Turner, W AU - Sterling, E J AU - Janetos, A C AD - Office of Earth Science, National Aeronautics and Space Administration,Washington, D.C. 20546-0001, U.S.A., woody.turner@hq.nasa.gov Y1 - 2001/08// PY - 2001 DA - Aug 2001 SP - 832 EP - 834 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 15 IS - 4 SN - 0888-8892, 0888-8892 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Reviews KW - Remote sensing KW - Conservation KW - D 04002:Surveying and remote sensing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17929575?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Conservation+Biology&rft.atitle=Introduction+%5Bto+Special+Section%3A+Contributions+of+Remote+Sensing+to+Biodiversity+Conservation%3A+A+NASA+Approach%5D&rft.au=Turner%2C+W%3BSterling%2C+E+J%3BJanetos%2C+A+C&rft.aulast=Turner&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=832&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Conservation+Biology&rft.issn=08888892&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1523-1739.2001.015004832.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Conservation; Remote sensing; Reviews DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.2001.015004832.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil science in the K-12 classroom; an update on the GLOBE Program AN - 1112673549; 2012-058895 JF - SSSA-ASA-CSSA Annual Meeting Abstracts AU - Levine, Elissa AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2001/08// PY - 2001 DA - August 2001 EP - unpaginated PB - American Society of Agronomy and Crop Science Society of America and Soil Science Society of America, [varies] VL - 2001 KW - soils KW - programs KW - GLOBE Program KW - Global Learning and Observations to Benefit the Environment KW - soil profiles KW - characterization KW - pollution KW - education KW - physical properties KW - interactive techniques KW - educational resources KW - K-12 education KW - description KW - soil quality KW - ecology KW - 25:Soils KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1112673549?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SSSA-ASA-CSSA+Annual+Meeting+Abstracts&rft.atitle=Soil+science+in+the+K-12+classroom%3B+an+update+on+the+GLOBE+Program&rft.au=Levine%2C+Elissa%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Levine&rft.aufirst=Elissa&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.volume=2001&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=SSSA-ASA-CSSA+Annual+Meeting+Abstracts&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 2001 annual meeting of the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-10-18 N1 - CODEN - #06963 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - characterization; description; ecology; education; educational resources; Global Learning and Observations to Benefit the Environment; GLOBE Program; interactive techniques; K-12 education; physical properties; pollution; programs; soil profiles; soil quality; soils ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Magnetite formation from goethite and hematite under reducing conditions AN - 1020539204; 2012-057927 JF - SSSA-ASA-CSSA Annual Meeting Abstracts AU - Lauer, H V, Jr AU - Golden, Dadigamuwage C AU - Ming, D W AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2001/08// PY - 2001 DA - August 2001 EP - unpaginated PB - American Society of Agronomy and Crop Science Society of America and Soil Science Society of America, [varies] VL - 2001 KW - iron oxides KW - goethite KW - magnesite KW - iron KW - carbon dioxide KW - ferric iron KW - hematite KW - metals KW - chemical properties KW - oxides KW - paleosols KW - transformations KW - maghemite KW - carbonates KW - magnetite KW - 25:Soils KW - 01C:Mineralogy of non-silicates UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1020539204?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SSSA-ASA-CSSA+Annual+Meeting+Abstracts&rft.atitle=Magnetite+formation+from+goethite+and+hematite+under+reducing+conditions&rft.au=Lauer%2C+H+V%2C+Jr%3BGolden%2C+Dadigamuwage+C%3BMing%2C+D+W%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Lauer&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.volume=2001&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=SSSA-ASA-CSSA+Annual+Meeting+Abstracts&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 2001 annual meeting of the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-15 N1 - CODEN - #06963 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - carbon dioxide; carbonates; chemical properties; ferric iron; goethite; hematite; iron; iron oxides; maghemite; magnesite; magnetite; metals; oxides; paleosols; transformations ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The role of microbial mats in the production of reduced gases on the early Earth AN - 18085696; 5165665 AB - The advent of oxygenic photosynthesis on Earth may have increased global biological productivity by a factor of 100-1,000, profoundly affecting both geochemical and biological evolution. Much of this new productivity probably occurred in microbial mats, which incorporate a range of photosynthetic and anaerobic microorganisms in extremely close physical proximity. The potential contribution of these systems to global biogeochemical change would have depended on the nature of the interactions among these mat microorganisms. Here we report that in modern, cyanobacteria-dominated mats from hypersaline environments in Guerrero Negro, Mexico, photosynthetic microorganisms generate H sub(2) and CO--gases that provide a basis for direct chemical interactions with neighbouring chemotrophic and heterotrophic microbes. We also observe an unexpected flux of CH sub(4), which is probably related to H sub(2)-based alteration of the redox potential within the mats. These fluxes would have been most important during the nearly 2-billion-year period during which photosynthetic mats contributed substantially to biological productivity--and hence, to biogeochemistry--on Earth. In particular, the large fluxes of H sub(2) that we observe could, with subsequent escape to space, represent a potentially important mechanism for oxidation of the primitive oceans and atmosphere. JF - Nature AU - Hoehler, T M AU - Bebout, B M AU - Des Marais, DJ AD - Exobiology Branch, NASA Ames Research Cent., MS 239-4 Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA, thoehler@mail.arc.nasa.gov Y1 - 2001/07/19/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Jul 19 SP - 324 EP - 327 PB - Macmillan Publishers Ltd. VL - 412 IS - 6844 SN - 0028-0836, 0028-0836 KW - Mexico KW - microbial mats KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Gas exchange KW - Hydrogen KW - Freshwater KW - Carbon monoxide KW - Interspecific relationships KW - ISE, Mexico, Baja California Sur, Guerrero Negro Lagoon KW - Algae KW - Marine KW - Methane KW - Biological production KW - Atmospheric gases KW - Algal mats KW - Biogeochemical cycle KW - Brackish KW - Earth atmosphere KW - Oxidation KW - Atmospheric chemistry KW - Microorganisms KW - Cyanophyta KW - K 03009:Algae KW - Q1 08226:Physiology, biochemistry, biophysics KW - Q2 09188:Atmospheric chemistry KW - Q1 08482:Ecosystems and energetics KW - D 04680:Paleoecology KW - Q1 08187:Palaeontology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18085696?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=The+role+of+microbial+mats+in+the+production+of+reduced+gases+on+the+early+Earth&rft.au=Hoehler%2C+T+M%3BBebout%2C+B+M%3BDes+Marais%2C+DJ&rft.aulast=Hoehler&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2001-07-19&rft.volume=412&rft.issue=6844&rft.spage=324&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nature&rft.issn=00280836&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Gas exchange; Methane; Atmospheric gases; Biological production; Algal mats; Biogeochemical cycle; Hydrogen; Earth atmosphere; Carbon monoxide; Interspecific relationships; Atmospheric chemistry; Oxidation; Microorganisms; Cyanophyta; Algae; ISE, Mexico, Baja California Sur, Guerrero Negro Lagoon; Freshwater; Brackish; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Response of silicon-based linear energy transfer spectrometers: implication for radiation risk assessment in space flights. AN - 71264789; 11858255 AB - There is considerable interest in developing silicon-based telescopes because of their compactness and low power requirements. Three such telescopes have been flown on board the Space Shuttle to measure the linear energy transfer spectra of trapped, galactic cosmic ray, and solar energetic particles. Dosimeters based on single silicon detectors have also been flown on the Mir orbital station. A comparison of the absorbed dose and radiation quality factors calculated from these telescopes with that estimated from measurements made with a tissue equivalent proportional counter show differences which need to be fully understood if these telescopes are to be used for astronaut radiation risk assessments. Instrument performance is complicated by a variety of factors. A Monte Carlo-based technique was developed to model the behavior of both single element detectors in a proton beam, and the performance of a two-element, wide-angle telescope, in the trapped belt proton field inside the Space Shuttle. The technique is based on: (1) radiation transport intranuclear-evaporation model that takes into account the charge and angular distribution of target fragments, (2) Landau-Vavilov distribution of energy deposition allowing for electron escape, (3) true detector geometry of the telescope, (4) coincidence and discriminator settings, (5) spacecraft shielding geometry, and (6) the external space radiation environment, including albedo protons. The value of such detailed modeling and its implications in astronaut risk assessment is addressed. c2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. JF - Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment AU - Badhwar, G D AU - O'Neill, P M AD - NASA Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058-3696, USA. gautam.d.badhwar1@jsc.nasa.gov Y1 - 2001/07/11/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Jul 11 SP - 464 EP - 474 VL - 466 IS - 3 SN - 0168-9002, 0168-9002 KW - Protons KW - 0 KW - Silicon KW - Z4152N8IUI KW - Space life sciences KW - manned KW - NASA Discipline Radiation Health KW - Flight Experiment KW - NASA Center JSC KW - short duration KW - STS Shuttle Project KW - Radiation Dosage KW - Solar Activity KW - Radiation Protection KW - Elementary Particle Interactions KW - Cosmic Radiation KW - Spectrum Analysis -- instrumentation KW - Monte Carlo Method KW - Weightlessness KW - Risk Assessment KW - Models, Theoretical KW - Space Flight -- instrumentation KW - Astronomy -- instrumentation KW - Silicon -- radiation effects KW - Linear Energy Transfer KW - Radiation Monitoring -- instrumentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71264789?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nuclear+instruments+%26+methods+in+physics+research.+Section+A%2C+Accelerators%2C+spectrometers%2C+detectors+and+associated+equipment&rft.atitle=Response+of+silicon-based+linear+energy+transfer+spectrometers%3A+implication+for+radiation+risk+assessment+in+space+flights.&rft.au=Badhwar%2C+G+D%3BO%27Neill%2C+P+M&rft.aulast=Badhwar&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2001-07-11&rft.volume=466&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=464&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nuclear+instruments+%26+methods+in+physics+research.+Section+A%2C+Accelerators%2C+spectrometers%2C+detectors+and+associated+equipment&rft.issn=01689002&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-05-01 N1 - Date created - 2002-02-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A wireless, remote query ammonia sensor. AN - 71329894; 12194178 AB - This paper presents a wireless, remote query ammonia sensor comprised of a free-standing magnetoelastic thick-film coated with a polymer, poly(acrylic acid-co-isooctylacrylate), that changes mass in response to atmospheric ammonia concentration. The mass of the polymer layer modulates the resonant frequency the ferromagnetic magnetoelastic substrate, hence by monitoring the frequency response of the sensor, atmospheric NH3 concentration can be determined remotely, without the need for physical connections to the sensor or specific alignment requirements. The effect of copolymer composition, polymer film thickness, and relative humidity level (RH) on the sensitivity of the sensor were investigated. The sensor linearly tracks ammonia concentration below 0.8 vol.%, and tracks higher concentrations logarithmically; within the linear calibration range, a 0.02 vol.% change in NH3 concentration can be detected. c2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. JF - Sensors and actuators. B, Chemical AU - Cai, Q Y AU - Jain, M K AU - Grimes, C A AD - Materials Research Institute and Department of Electrical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. Y1 - 2001/07/10/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Jul 10 SP - 614 EP - 619 VL - 77 IS - 3 SN - 0925-4005, 0925-4005 KW - Acrylates KW - 0 KW - Polymers KW - Ammonia KW - 7664-41-7 KW - isooctyl acrylate KW - GU1V16S82F KW - acrylic acid KW - J94PBK7X8S KW - Space life sciences KW - Evaluation Studies as Topic KW - Magnetics KW - Humidity KW - Automation KW - Atmosphere -- analysis KW - Elasticity KW - Ammonia -- analysis KW - Environmental Monitoring -- instrumentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71329894?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sensors+and+actuators.+B%2C+Chemical&rft.atitle=A+wireless%2C+remote+query+ammonia+sensor.&rft.au=Cai%2C+Q+Y%3BJain%2C+M+K%3BGrimes%2C+C+A&rft.aulast=Cai&rft.aufirst=Q&rft.date=2001-07-10&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=614&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Sensors+and+actuators.+B%2C+Chemical&rft.issn=09254005&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-11-29 N1 - Date created - 2002-08-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enhancement of protease activity involved in modulation of cell mutability by microgravity stress in UVC-irradiated human cells. AN - 71395373; 12638609 AB - It is an intriguing question whether gravity-changing stress modulates human cell mutability. To resolve this problem, it is necessary to determine the cellular events leading to modulation. We previously detected protease activation just after UV (UVC, principally 254 nm wavelength) irradiation followed by hypomutability in cultured human cells. We here investigated whether UV-activated protease activity is affected in human UVAP-1 cells exposed to gravity-changing stress prior to UV irradiation. JF - Journal of gravitational physiology : a journal of the International Society for Gravitational Physiology AU - Takahashi, S AU - Zhang, H C AU - Sugaya, S AU - Nomura, J AU - Kita, K AU - Suzuki, N AD - Department of Environmental Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan. Y1 - 2001/07// PY - 2001 DA - July 2001 SP - P25 EP - P26 VL - 8 IS - 1 SN - 1077-9248, 1077-9248 KW - Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors KW - 0 KW - Endopeptidases KW - EC 3.4.- KW - Cysteine Endopeptidases KW - EC 3.4.22.- KW - Leucine KW - GMW67QNF9C KW - E 64 KW - R76F7856MV KW - Space life sciences KW - Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors -- pharmacology KW - Centrifugation KW - Humans KW - Cysteine Endopeptidases -- metabolism KW - Cysteine Endopeptidases -- radiation effects KW - Cysteine Endopeptidases -- drug effects KW - Cell Line KW - Mutagenesis -- radiation effects KW - Leucine -- analogs & derivatives KW - Mutagenesis -- drug effects KW - Ultraviolet Rays KW - Endopeptidases -- radiation effects KW - Endopeptidases -- metabolism KW - Mutagenesis -- physiology KW - Leucine -- pharmacology KW - Weightlessness KW - Hypergravity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71395373?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+gravitational+physiology+%3A+a+journal+of+the+International+Society+for+Gravitational+Physiology&rft.atitle=Enhancement+of+protease+activity+involved+in+modulation+of+cell+mutability+by+microgravity+stress+in+UVC-irradiated+human+cells.&rft.au=Takahashi%2C+S%3BZhang%2C+H+C%3BSugaya%2C+S%3BNomura%2C+J%3BKita%2C+K%3BSuzuki%2C+N&rft.aulast=Takahashi&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2001-07-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=P25&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+gravitational+physiology+%3A+a+journal+of+the+International+Society+for+Gravitational+Physiology&rft.issn=10779248&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-09-05 N1 - Date created - 2003-03-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of simulated microgravity on metabolic activities related to DNA damage and repair in lymphoblastoid cells. AN - 71372522; 12638607 AB - We adopted a simple experimental framework to follow the dependence of structural aberrations and the modifications in selected metabolic processes correlated with the exposure of cells to microgravity. Alterations to the cellular metabolism induced by exposure to microgravity are evidentiated in the modification of PARP activity (strongly dependent to the presence of DNA damages and to the altered gene expression), in the modification of the repair ability and in the cell's energy homeostasis (NAD and ATP). Cells are exposed continuously to microgravity in a Random Positioning Machine (RPM) in complete medium for 48 hours. At the end of this period a part of these cells are immediately analysed for the parameters reported above and the remaining were furtherly incubated in standard laboratory conditions to document eventual defects during the phases of the recovery process. A part of cells, just after exposure to microgravity, were also subjected to treatment with a strong damaging agent, KBrO3, and these cells were subsequently analyzed. This final treatment was meant to amplify the eventual deficiencies experienced by microgravity-exposed cells in the DNA repair process also in dependence with the alterated metabolic conditions resulting after the exposure to microgravity. JF - Journal of gravitational physiology : a journal of the International Society for Gravitational Physiology AU - Degan, P AU - Cesarone, C F AU - Ottaggio, L AU - Galleri, G AU - Meloni, M A AU - Zunino, A AU - Viaggi, S AU - Bonatti, S AU - Abbondandolo, A AD - National Cancer Research Institute-Genova, Genova, Italy. Y1 - 2001/07// PY - 2001 DA - July 2001 SP - P21 EP - P22 VL - 8 IS - 1 SN - 1077-9248, 1077-9248 KW - Bromates KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens KW - potassium bromate KW - 04MB35W6ZA KW - 8-oxo-7-hydrodeoxyguanosine KW - 88847-89-6 KW - Adenosine Triphosphate KW - 8L70Q75FXE KW - Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases KW - EC 2.4.2.30 KW - Deoxyguanosine KW - G9481N71RO KW - Space life sciences KW - Carcinogens -- pharmacology KW - Humans KW - Apoptosis -- physiology KW - Bromates -- pharmacology KW - Adenosine Triphosphate -- metabolism KW - Time Factors KW - B-Lymphocytes -- drug effects KW - Deoxyguanosine -- metabolism KW - DNA Repair KW - Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases -- drug effects KW - DNA Damage KW - Weightlessness Simulation KW - B-Lymphocytes -- metabolism KW - B-Lymphocytes -- enzymology KW - Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases -- metabolism KW - Deoxyguanosine -- analogs & derivatives UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71372522?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+gravitational+physiology+%3A+a+journal+of+the+International+Society+for+Gravitational+Physiology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+simulated+microgravity+on+metabolic+activities+related+to+DNA+damage+and+repair+in+lymphoblastoid+cells.&rft.au=Degan%2C+P%3BCesarone%2C+C+F%3BOttaggio%2C+L%3BGalleri%2C+G%3BMeloni%2C+M+A%3BZunino%2C+A%3BViaggi%2C+S%3BBonatti%2C+S%3BAbbondandolo%2C+A&rft.aulast=Degan&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2001-07-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=P21&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+gravitational+physiology+%3A+a+journal+of+the+International+Society+for+Gravitational+Physiology&rft.issn=10779248&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-09-05 N1 - Date created - 2003-03-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The utility of green fluorescent protein in transgenic plants. AN - 71335356; 12448420 AB - The green fluorescent protein (GFP) from the jellyfish Aequorea victoria has proven to be a powerful tool in plant genetic transformation studies. This paper reviews the history and the progression of the expression of GFP variants in transgenic plants. The distinguishing features of the most useful GFPs, such as those including the S65T chromophore mutation and those with dual excitation peaks, are discussed. The review also focuses on the utility of GFP as a visual selectable marker in aiding the plant transformation process; GFP has been more important in monocot transformation compared with dicot transformation. Finally, the potential utility of new fluorescent proteins is speculated upon. JF - Plant cell reports AU - Stewart, C N AD - Department of Biology, University of North Carolina-Greensboro, NC 27402-6174, USA. nstewart@uncg.edu. Y1 - 2001/07// PY - 2001 DA - July 2001 SP - 376 EP - 382 VL - 20 IS - 5 SN - 0721-7714, 0721-7714 KW - Luminescent Proteins KW - 0 KW - Green Fluorescent Proteins KW - 147336-22-9 KW - Space life sciences KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Animals KW - Genes, Reporter KW - Cnidaria KW - Mutation KW - Plants, Genetically Modified KW - Plants -- genetics KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Plant KW - Luminescent Proteins -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71335356?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+cell+reports&rft.atitle=The+utility+of+green+fluorescent+protein+in+transgenic+plants.&rft.au=Stewart%2C+C+N&rft.aulast=Stewart&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2001-07-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=376&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+cell+reports&rft.issn=07217714&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-01-16 N1 - Date created - 2002-11-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Design and development of an automated and non-contact sensing system for continuous monitoring of plant health and growth. AN - 71324798; 12026934 AB - An automated system was designed and built to continuously monitor plant health and growth in a controlled environment using a distributed system approach for operational control and data collection. The computer-controlled system consisted of a motorized turntable to present the plants to the stationary sensors and reduce microclimate variability among the plants. Major sensing capabilities of the system included machine vision, infrared thermometry, time domain reflectometry, and micro-lysimeters. The system also maintained precise growth-medium moisture levels through a computer-controlled drip irrigation system. The system was capable of collecting required data continuously to monitor and to evaluate the plant health and growth. JF - Transactions of the ASAE. American Society of Agricultural Engineers AU - Kacira, M AU - Ling, P P AD - Department of Agricultural Machinery, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey. mkacira@harran.edu.tr PY - 2001 SP - 989 EP - 996 VL - 44 IS - 4 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Soil KW - 0 KW - Space life sciences KW - Environment, Controlled KW - Plant Development KW - Temperature KW - Soil -- analysis KW - Humidity KW - Expert Systems KW - Automation KW - Photography KW - Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted KW - Life Support Systems -- instrumentation KW - Microclimate KW - Plant Physiological Phenomena KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods KW - Ecological Systems, Closed KW - Environmental Monitoring -- instrumentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71324798?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE.+American+Society+of+Agricultural+Engineers&rft.atitle=Design+and+development+of+an+automated+and+non-contact+sensing+system+for+continuous+monitoring+of+plant+health+and+growth.&rft.au=Kacira%2C+M%3BLing%2C+P+P&rft.aulast=Kacira&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2001-07-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=989&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE.+American+Society+of+Agricultural+Engineers&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-08-15 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A possible nitrogen crisis for Archaean life due to reduced nitrogen fixation by lightning AN - 52209507; 2001-055481 AB - An experimental simulation is described of N (sub 2) fixation by lightning over periods of 4500-3800 m.y. (Hadean), and 3800-2500 m.y. (Archaean), with atmosphere compositions ranging from mainly anoxic CO (sub 2) to mainly N (sub 2) . As atmosphere CO (sub 2) decreased over the Archaean period, it is suggested that the production of nitric oxide from lightning discharge decreased by two orders of magnitude until 2200 m.y. This may have caused an ecological crisis triggering biological N (sub 2) fixation. JF - Nature (London) AU - Navarro-Gonzalez, Rafael AU - McKay, Christopher P AU - Mvondo, Delphine Nna Y1 - 2001/07// PY - 2001 DA - July 2001 SP - 61 EP - 64 PB - Macmillan Journals, London VL - 412 IS - 6842 SN - 0028-0836, 0028-0836 KW - Hadean KW - currents KW - fixation KW - experimental studies KW - Precambrian KW - oxygen KW - biochemistry KW - paleoatmosphere KW - analog simulation KW - Paleoarchean KW - simulation KW - life origin KW - paleoecology KW - nitrogen KW - laboratory studies KW - organic compounds KW - lightning KW - chemical reactions KW - Archean KW - geochemistry KW - electrical currents KW - productivity KW - microorganisms KW - 12:Stratigraphy KW - 02A:General geochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52209507?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+%28London%29&rft.atitle=A+possible+nitrogen+crisis+for+Archaean+life+due+to+reduced+nitrogen+fixation+by+lightning&rft.au=Navarro-Gonzalez%2C+Rafael%3BMcKay%2C+Christopher+P%3BMvondo%2C+Delphine+Nna&rft.aulast=Navarro-Gonzalez&rft.aufirst=Rafael&rft.date=2001-07-01&rft.volume=412&rft.issue=6842&rft.spage=61&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nature+%28London%29&rft.issn=00280836&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2F35083537 L2 - http://www.nature.com/nature/index.html LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from Mineralogical Abstracts, United Kingdom, Twickenham, United Kingdom N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 30 N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - analog simulation; Archean; biochemistry; chemical reactions; currents; electrical currents; experimental studies; fixation; geochemistry; Hadean; laboratory studies; life origin; lightning; microorganisms; nitrogen; organic compounds; oxygen; Paleoarchean; paleoatmosphere; paleoecology; Precambrian; productivity; simulation DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35083537 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Geophysical Journal International AN - 52204752; 2001-058289 JF - Geophysical Journal International AU - Wunsch, Carl AU - Chao, B F AU - O'Connor, W P AU - Zeng, D AU - Au, A Y Y1 - 2001/07// PY - 2001 DA - July 2001 SP - 264 EP - 266 PB - Blackwell Science for the Royal Astronomical Society, the Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft and the European Geophysical Society VL - 146 IS - 1 SN - 0956-540X, 0956-540X KW - wind energy KW - ocean circulation KW - geophysical surveys KW - geophysical methods KW - Green function KW - seismic methods KW - tides KW - sea-level changes KW - Chandler wobble KW - surveys KW - North Sea KW - North Atlantic KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - 18:Solid-earth geophysics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52204752?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geophysical+Journal+International&rft.atitle=Geophysical+Journal+International&rft.au=Wunsch%2C+Carl%3BChao%2C+B+F%3BO%27Connor%2C+W+P%3BZeng%2C+D%3BAu%2C+A+Y&rft.aulast=Wunsch&rft.aufirst=Carl&rft.date=2001-07-01&rft.volume=146&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=264&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geophysical+Journal+International&rft.issn=0956540X&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0956-540X LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 13 N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - SuppNotes - For reference to original see O'Connor, W. P., Chao, B. F., Zheng, D., and Au, A. Y.; Geophysical Journal International, Vol. 142, n. 2, pp. 620-630, 2000 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Atlantic Ocean; Chandler wobble; geophysical methods; geophysical surveys; Green function; North Atlantic; North Sea; ocean circulation; sea-level changes; seismic methods; surveys; tides; wind energy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular and chiral analyses of some protein amino acid derivatives in the Murchison and Murray meteorites AN - 52184872; 2001-069357 AB - The varied organic suite extracted from the Murchison meteorite contains several amino acids that are common to the biosphere. Some of these have been found to be non-racemic, but the indigenous nature of their L-enantiomeric excesses has been subject to debate in view of possible terrestrial contamination. We have investigated two amino acids of common terrestrial and meteoritic occurrence, alanine and glutamic acid, and assessed their indigenous enantiomeric ratios in the Murchison and Murray meteorites through the ratios of some of their derivatives. Analyzed were N-acetyl alanine, alpha -imino propioacetic acid, N-acetyl glutamic acid and pyroglutamic acid. Both alanine derivatives were found to be racemic, while those of glutamic acid showed L-enantiomeric excesses varying from 16% to 47.2% for pyroglutamic acid, and from 8.6% to 41% for N-acetyl glutamic acid. The delta (super 13) C was determined for the two enantiomers of Murchison pyroglutamic acid both before and after acid hydrolysis to glutamic acid. The values of +27.7 per mil (D-pyro), +10.0 per mil (L-pyro), +32.2 per mil (D-glu) and +14.6 per mil (L-glu) were obtained. The racemic nature of alanine derivatives strongly suggests that alanine itself, as indigenous to the meteorite, is racemic. The explanation of the L-enantiomeric excesses found for glutamic acid derivatives is less direct; however, the variability of the enantiomeric ratios for these compounds and the distinctly lower delta (super 13) C values determined for pyroglutamic L-enantiomer point to a terrestrial contamination, possibly dating to the time of fall. JF - Meteoritics & Planetary Science AU - Pizzarello, Sandra AU - Cooper, George W Y1 - 2001/07// PY - 2001 DA - July 2001 SP - 897 EP - 909 PB - Meteoritical Society, Fayetteville, AR VL - 36 IS - 7 SN - 1086-9379, 1086-9379 KW - stony meteorites KW - isotopes KW - isotope ratios KW - C-13/C-12 KW - Murray Meteorite KW - carbonaceous chondrites KW - stable isotopes KW - Murchison Meteorite KW - meteorites KW - sample preparation KW - organic compounds KW - organic acids KW - carbon KW - amino acids KW - CM chondrites KW - chondrites KW - chemical composition KW - 05B:Petrology of meteorites and tektites UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52184872?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Meteoritics+%26+Planetary+Science&rft.atitle=Molecular+and+chiral+analyses+of+some+protein+amino+acid+derivatives+in+the+Murchison+and+Murray+meteorites&rft.au=Pizzarello%2C+Sandra%3BCooper%2C+George+W&rft.aulast=Pizzarello&rft.aufirst=Sandra&rft.date=2001-07-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=897&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Meteoritics+%26+Planetary+Science&rft.issn=10869379&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://cavern.uark.edu/~meteor/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 28 N1 - PubXState - AR N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - MERTAW N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - amino acids; C-13/C-12; carbon; carbonaceous chondrites; chemical composition; chondrites; CM chondrites; isotope ratios; isotopes; meteorites; Murchison Meteorite; Murray Meteorite; organic acids; organic compounds; sample preparation; stable isotopes; stony meteorites ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Formation of mesosiderites by fragmentation and reaccretion of a large differentiated asteroid AN - 52183026; 2001-069355 AB - We propose that mesosiderites formed when a 200-400 km diameter asteroid with a molten core was disrupted by a 50-150 km diameter projectile. To test whether impacts can excavate core iron and mix it with crustal material, we used a low-resolution, smoothed-particle hydrodynamics computer simulation. For 50-300 km diameter differentiated targets, we found that significant proportions of scrambled core material (and hence potential mesosiderite metal material) could be generated. For near-catastrophic impacts that reduce the target to 80% of its original diameter and about half of its original mass, the proportion of scrambled core material would be about 5 vol%, equivalent to approximately vol% of mesosiderite-like material. The paucity of olivine in mesosiderites and the lack of metal-poor or troilite-rich meteorites from the mesosiderite body probably reflect biased sampling. Mesosiderites may be olivine-poor because mantle material was preferentially excluded from the metal-rich regions of the reaccreted body. Molten metal globules probably crystallized around small, cool fragments of crust hindering migration of metal to the core. If mantle fragments were much hotter and larger than crustal fragments, little metal would have crystallized around the mantle fragments allowing olivine and molten metal to separate gravitationally. The rapid cooling rates of mesosiderites above 850 degrees C can be attributed to local thermal equilibration between hot and cold ejecta. Very slow cooling below 400 degrees C probably reflects the large size of the body and the excellent thermal insulation provided by the reaccreted debris. We infer that our model is more plausible than an earlier model that invoked an impact at approximately 1 km/s to mix projectile metal with target silicates. If large impacts cannot effectively strip mantles from asteroidal cores, as we infer, we should expect few large eroded asteroids to have surfaces composed purely of mantle or core material. This may help to explain why relatively few olivine-rich (A-type) and metal-rich asteroids (M-type) are known. Some S-type asteroids may be scrambled differentiated bodies. JF - Meteoritics & Planetary Science AU - Scott, Edward R D AU - Haack, Henning AU - Love, Stanley G Y1 - 2001/07// PY - 2001 DA - July 2001 SP - 869 EP - 881 PB - Meteoritical Society, Fayetteville, AR VL - 36 IS - 7 SN - 1086-9379, 1086-9379 KW - stony irons KW - silicates KW - petrology KW - asteroids KW - parent bodies KW - enrichment KW - olivine group KW - simulation KW - iron KW - nesosilicates KW - meteorites KW - mineral composition KW - time factor KW - metals KW - olivine KW - orthosilicates KW - cooling KW - S-type asteroids KW - mesosiderite KW - mineral assemblages KW - P-T conditions KW - 05B:Petrology of meteorites and tektites UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52183026?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Meteoritics+%26+Planetary+Science&rft.atitle=Formation+of+mesosiderites+by+fragmentation+and+reaccretion+of+a+large+differentiated+asteroid&rft.au=Scott%2C+Edward+R+D%3BHaack%2C+Henning%3BLove%2C+Stanley+G&rft.aulast=Scott&rft.aufirst=Edward+R&rft.date=2001-07-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=869&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Meteoritics+%26+Planetary+Science&rft.issn=10869379&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://cavern.uark.edu/~meteor/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 67 N1 - PubXState - AR N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 4 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - MERTAW N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - asteroids; cooling; enrichment; iron; mesosiderite; metals; meteorites; mineral assemblages; mineral composition; nesosilicates; olivine; olivine group; orthosilicates; P-T conditions; parent bodies; petrology; S-type asteroids; silicates; simulation; stony irons; time factor ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hypothesized climate forcing time series for the last 500 years AN - 51023399; 2002-014198 AB - Annually resolved time series of atmospheric trace gas concentrations, solar irradiance, tropospheric aerosol optical depth, and stratospheric (volconic) aerosol optical depth is presented for use in climate modeling studies of the period 1500 to 1999 A.D. CO (sub 2) , CH (sub 4) , and N (sub 2) O concentrations over this period are established on the basis of fossil air trapped in ice cores and instrumental measurements over the last few decades. Estimates of solar irradiance, ranging between 1364.2 and 1368.2 W/m (super 2) , are presented using calibrated observations of the Sun back to 1610 and cosmogenic isotope variations extending back to 1500. Troposheric aerosol distributions are calculated by scaling the modern distribution of sulfate and carbonaceous aerosol optical depths back to 1860 using reconstructed regional CO (sub 2) emissions with anthropogenic emissions assumed to be zero prior to 1860. The first continuous, annually dated record of zonally averaged srtatospheric (volcanic) optical depths back to 1500 is constructed using sulfate flux data from multiple ice cores from both Greenland and Antarctica, in conjunction with historical and instrumental (satellite and purheliometric) observations. Climate forcings generated are applied to a suite of transient paleoclimate models for the past 500 years. (Mod. auth. abstr.) JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Robertson, A AU - Overpeck, J AU - Rind, D AU - Mosley-Thompson, E AU - Zielinski, G AU - Lean, J AU - Koch, D AU - Penner, J AU - Tegen, I AU - Healy, R Y1 - 2001/07// PY - 2001 DA - July 2001 SP - 14 EP - 14,803 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 106 IS - D14 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - Greenland ice sheet KW - aliphatic hydrocarbons KW - Holocene KW - nitrogen KW - carbon dioxide KW - Cenozoic KW - Greenland KW - volcanism KW - climate forcing KW - climate KW - sulfate ion KW - methane KW - Quaternary KW - time series analysis KW - human activity KW - Arctic region KW - statistical analysis KW - alkanes KW - ice sheets KW - gases KW - Antarctic ice sheet KW - organic compounds KW - Antarctica KW - hydrocarbons KW - aerosols KW - glacial geology KW - 24:Quaternary geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51023399?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=Hypothesized+climate+forcing+time+series+for+the+last+500+years&rft.au=Robertson%2C+A%3BOverpeck%2C+J%3BRind%2C+D%3BMosley-Thompson%2C+E%3BZielinski%2C+G%3BLean%2C+J%3BKoch%2C+D%3BPenner%2C+J%3BTegen%2C+I%3BHealy%2C+R&rft.aulast=Robertson&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2001-07-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=D14&rft.spage=14&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2000JD900469 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 91 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 plates, 3 tables, geol. sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aerosols; aliphatic hydrocarbons; alkanes; Antarctic ice sheet; Antarctica; Arctic region; carbon dioxide; Cenozoic; climate; climate forcing; gases; glacial geology; Greenland; Greenland ice sheet; Holocene; human activity; hydrocarbons; ice sheets; methane; nitrogen; organic compounds; Quaternary; statistical analysis; sulfate ion; time series analysis; volcanism DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000JD900469 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Manganese-chromium formation intervals for chondrules from the Bishunpur and Chainpur meteorites AN - 50307906; 2001-069358 AB - Whole-chondrule Mn-Cr isochrons are presented for chondrules separated from the Chainpur (LL3.4) and Bishunpur (LL3.1) meteorites. The chondrules were initially surveyed by instrumental neutron activation analysis. LL-chondrite-normalized Mn/Cr, Mn/Fe, and Sc/Fe served to identify chondrules with unusually high or low Mn/Cr ratios, and to correlate the abundances of other elements to Sc, the most refractory element measured. A subset of chondrules from each chondrite was chosen for analysis by a scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive x-ray spectrometer prior to high-precision Cr-isotopic analyses. (super 53) Cr/ (super 52) Cr correlates with (super 55) Mn/ (super 52) Cr to give initial ( (super 53) Mn/ (super 55) Mn) (sub I) = (9.4+ or -1.7)X10 (super -6) for Chainpur chondrules and ( (super 53) Mn/ (super 55) Mn) (sub I) = (9.5+ or -3.1)X10 (super -6) for Bishunpur chondrules. The corresponding chondrule formation intervals are, respectively, Delta t (sub LEW) = -10+ or -1 Ma for Chainpur and -10+ or -2 Ma for Bishunpur relative to the time of igneous crystallization of the Lewis Cliff (LEW) 86010 angrite. Because Mn/Sc correlates positively with Mn/Cr for both the Chainpur and Bishunpur chondrules, indicating dependence of the Mn/Cr ratio on the relative volatility of the elements, we identify the event dated by the isochrons as volatility-driven elemental fractionation for chondrule precursors in the solar nebula. Thus, our data suggest that the precursors to LL chondrules condensed from the nebula 5.8+ or -2.7 Ma after the time when initial ( (super 53) Mn/ (super 55) Mn) (sub I) = (2.8+ or -0.3)X10 (super -5) for calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions (CAIs), our preferred value, determined from data for (a) mineral separates of type B Allende CAI BR1, (b) spinels from Efremovka CAI E38, and (c) bulk chondrites. Mn-Cr formation intervals for meteorites are presented relative to average I(Mn) = ( (super 53) Mn/ (super 55) Mn) (sub Ch) = 9.46+ or -10 (super -6) for chondrules. Mn/Cr ratios for radiogenic growth of (super 53) Cr in the solar nebula and later reservoirs are calculated relative to average (I(Mn), epsilon ( (super 53) Cr) (sub I) ) = ((9.46+ or -0.08)X10 (super -6) , -0.23+ or -0.08) for chondrules. Inferred values of Mn/Cr lie within expected ranges. Thus, it appears that evolution of the Cr-isotopic composition can be traced from condensation of CAIs via condensation of the ferromagnesian precursors of chondrules to basalt generation on differentiated asteroids. Measured values of epsilon ( (super 53) Cr) for individual chondrules exhibit the entire range of values that has been observed as initial epsilon ( (super 53) Cr) values for samples from various planetary objects, and which has been attributed to radial heterogeneity in initial (super 53) Mn/ (super 55) Mn in the early solar system. Estimated (super 55) Mn/ (super 52) Cr = 0.42+ or -0.05 for the bulk Earth, combined with epsilon ( (super 53) Cr) = 0 for the Earth, plots very close to the chondrule isochrons, so that the Earth appears to have the Mn-Cr systematics of a refractory chondrule. Thus, the Earth apparently formed from material that had been depleted in Mn relative to Cr contemporaneously with condensation of chondrule precursors. If, as seems likely, the Earth's core formed after complete decay of (super 53) Mn, there must have been little differential partitioning of Mn and Cr at that time. JF - Meteoritics & Planetary Science AU - Nyquist, Laurence E AU - Lindstrom, D AU - Mittlefehldt, D AU - Shih, C Y AU - Wiesmann, H AU - Wentworth, S AU - Martinez, R Y1 - 2001/07// PY - 2001 DA - July 2001 SP - 911 EP - 938 PB - Meteoritical Society, Fayetteville, AR VL - 36 IS - 7 SN - 1086-9379, 1086-9379 KW - ordinary chondrites KW - stony meteorites KW - isotopes KW - Chainpur Meteorite KW - isotope ratios KW - calcium-aluminum inclusions KW - Mn-55/Cr-53 KW - LL chondrites KW - Bishunpur Meteorite KW - manganese KW - stable isotopes KW - meteorites KW - Cr-53/Cr-52 KW - metals KW - chondrules KW - inclusions KW - neutron activation analysis KW - chondrites KW - chemical composition KW - chemical ratios KW - chromium KW - 05B:Petrology of meteorites and tektites UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50307906?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Meteoritics+%26+Planetary+Science&rft.atitle=Manganese-chromium+formation+intervals+for+chondrules+from+the+Bishunpur+and+Chainpur+meteorites&rft.au=Nyquist%2C+Laurence+E%3BLindstrom%2C+D%3BMittlefehldt%2C+D%3BShih%2C+C+Y%3BWiesmann%2C+H%3BWentworth%2C+S%3BMartinez%2C+R&rft.aulast=Nyquist&rft.aufirst=Laurence&rft.date=2001-07-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=911&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Meteoritics+%26+Planetary+Science&rft.issn=10869379&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://cavern.uark.edu/~meteor/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 82 N1 - PubXState - AR N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - MERTAW N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bishunpur Meteorite; calcium-aluminum inclusions; Chainpur Meteorite; chemical composition; chemical ratios; chondrites; chondrules; chromium; Cr-53/Cr-52; inclusions; isotope ratios; isotopes; LL chondrites; manganese; metals; meteorites; Mn-55/Cr-53; neutron activation analysis; ordinary chondrites; stable isotopes; stony meteorites ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Saharan dust in Brazil and Suriname during the Large-scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia (LBA)-Cooperative LBA Airborne Regional Experiment (CLAIRE) in March 1998 AN - 50159314; 2002-014200 AB - Advection of Saharan dust was observed via chemical and optical measurements during March 1998 in Brazil and Suriname during the Large-Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia (LBA)-Cooperative LBA Airborne Regional Experiment (CLAIRE)-98 experiment. In Brazil the dust outbreak produced an increase of a factor of 3 in the daily mean mass concentration (up to 26 + or - 7 mu g m (super -3) ) of particles smaller than 10 mu m equivalent aerodynamic diameter (EAD), and in the daily mean aerosol particle scattering coefficient sigma (sub s) (up to 26 + or - 8 Mm (super -1) STP, ambient humidity). Background levels of aerosol scattering (ambient) were sigma (sub s) approximately 10 Mm (super -1) . The effect of dust advection was evident for all major crustal elements (Al, Si, Ca, Ti, Mn, and Fe), as well as the sea-salt elements (Na, Cl, and S), as the dust layer was transported at low altitude (below 800 hPa). Coarse P and organic carbon (OC) concentrations were not influenced by the occurrence of dust, and were mainly emitted by the rain forest. The dry scattering mass efficiency of dust (particles smaller than 10 mu m EAD) was estimated to be between 0.65 (+ or - 0.06) and 0.89 (+ or - 0.08) m (super 2) g (super -1) . Airborne profiles of aerosol scattering showed two distinct types of vertical structure in the dust layer over Suriname, either vertically uniform (15, 26 March), or plume-like (25 March). Dust layers extended generally up to 700 hPa, while scattering layers occasionally encountered at higher altitudes resulted from smoke emitted by biomass burning in Venezuela and Colombia. Observations in South America were supported by measurements in Israel and Tenerife (Canary Islands), where the dust outbreaks were also detected. Copyright 2001 by the American Geophysical Union. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Formenti, P AU - Andreae, M O AU - Lange, L AU - Roberts, G AU - Cafmeyer, J AU - Rajta, I AU - Maenhaut, W AU - Holben, B N AU - Artaxo, P AU - Lelieveld, J Y1 - 2001/07// PY - 2001 DA - July 2001 SP - 14 EP - 14,934 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 106 IS - D14 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - environmental analysis KW - Cooperative LAB Airborne Experiment KW - carbon KW - sediments KW - organic carbon KW - chemical composition KW - concentration KW - Large-scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment KW - sediment transport KW - clastic sediments KW - statistical analysis KW - advection KW - satellite methods KW - South America KW - Brazil KW - dust KW - Africa KW - Surinam KW - Sahara KW - wind transport KW - Amazonas Brazil KW - winds KW - particles KW - remote sensing KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50159314?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=Saharan+dust+in+Brazil+and+Suriname+during+the+Large-scale+Biosphere-Atmosphere+Experiment+in+Amazonia+%28LBA%29-Cooperative+LBA+Airborne+Regional+Experiment+%28CLAIRE%29+in+March+1998&rft.au=Formenti%2C+P%3BAndreae%2C+M+O%3BLange%2C+L%3BRoberts%2C+G%3BCafmeyer%2C+J%3BRajta%2C+I%3BMaenhaut%2C+W%3BHolben%2C+B+N%3BArtaxo%2C+P%3BLelieveld%2C+J&rft.aulast=Formenti&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2001-07-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=D14&rft.spage=14&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2000JD900827 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 22 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - advection; Africa; Amazonas Brazil; Brazil; carbon; chemical composition; clastic sediments; concentration; Cooperative LAB Airborne Experiment; dust; environmental analysis; Large-scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment; organic carbon; particles; remote sensing; Sahara; satellite methods; sediment transport; sediments; South America; statistical analysis; Surinam; wind transport; winds DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000JD900827 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - H (sub 2) O adsorption on smectites; application to the diurnal variation of H (sub 2) O in the Martian atmosphere AN - 50155732; 2003-045597 AB - Observations of the Martian planetary boundary layer lead to interpretations that are baffling and contradictory. In this paper we specifically address the question of whether or not water vapor finds a substantial diurnal reservoir in the Martian regolith. To address this issue, we have measured H (sub 2) O adsorption kinetics on SWy-1, a Na-rich montmorillonite from Wyoming. The highest-temperature (273 K) data equilibrate rapidly. Data gathered at realistic H (sub 2) O partial pressures and temperatures appropriate to early morning show two phenomena that preclude a significant role for smectites in diurnally exchanging a large column abundance. First, the equilibration timescale is longer than a sol. Second, the equilibrium abundances are a small fraction of that predicted by earlier adsorption isotherms. The explanation for this phenomenon is that smectite clay actually increases its surface area as a function of adsorptive coverage. At Mars-like conditions we show that the interlayer sites of smectites are likely to be unavailable. Copyright 2001 by the American Geophysical Union. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Zent, Aaron P AU - Howard, D Jeanie AU - Quinn, Richard C Y1 - 2001/07// PY - 2001 DA - July 2001 SP - 14 EP - 14,674 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 106 IS - E7 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - water KW - soils KW - silicates KW - experimental studies KW - reservoirs KW - smectite KW - atmosphere KW - Mars KW - adsorption KW - samples KW - temperature KW - clay minerals KW - terrestrial planets KW - models KW - planets KW - mathematical methods KW - volcanoes KW - sheet silicates KW - diurnal variations KW - chemical composition KW - kinetics KW - regolith KW - boundary layer KW - 04:Extraterrestrial geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50155732?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=H+%28sub+2%29+O+adsorption+on+smectites%3B+application+to+the+diurnal+variation+of+H+%28sub+2%29+O+in+the+Martian+atmosphere&rft.au=Zent%2C+Aaron+P%3BHoward%2C+D+Jeanie%3BQuinn%2C+Richard+C&rft.aulast=Zent&rft.aufirst=Aaron&rft.date=2001-07-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=E7&rft.spage=14&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2000JE001394 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2003-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 22 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - adsorption; atmosphere; boundary layer; chemical composition; clay minerals; diurnal variations; experimental studies; kinetics; Mars; mathematical methods; models; planets; regolith; reservoirs; samples; sheet silicates; silicates; smectite; soils; temperature; terrestrial planets; volcanoes; water DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000JE001394 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Variability in sea surface height; a qualitative measure for the meridional overturning in the North Atlantic AN - 50151556; 2002-042242 AB - Sea surface height (SSH) from altimeter observations (1992-2000) and modeling results are investigated to determine the modes of variability and the linkages to the state of oceanic circulation in the North Atlantic. Three different model experiments are used with climatological surface forcing appended by wind stress and/or buoyancy flux anomalies. The simulated SSH and gyre circulation and altimeter data are analyzed using the empirical orthogonal function analysis. It is shown that decadal variability in the leading SSH and gyre circulation mode originates from the basin-scale thermal forcing component, not from wind stress driving. This means that low-frequency variations of SSH along the Gulf Stream reflect predominantly overturning changes. The horizontal gyre circulation changes are also related to the overturning due to the topography which couples baroclinic and barotropic flows. SSH variability outside the western boundary current region, on the eastern side of the North Atlantic basin, is determined by local and remote (Rossby waves) wind stress forcing. The model simulations and altimeter data suggest that there was a large SSH change in 1995-1996 over the Gulf Stream which was associated with an abrupt weakening of the overturning. Copyright 2001 by the American Geophysical Union. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Hakkinen, Sirpa Y1 - 2001/07// PY - 2001 DA - July 2001 SP - 13 EP - 13,848 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 106 IS - C7 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - United States KW - Rossby waves KW - functions KW - decadal variations KW - sea surface height KW - ocean circulation KW - Gulf Stream KW - altimetry KW - satellite methods KW - Atlantic Ocean Islands KW - Bermuda KW - ocean waves KW - atmospheric pressure KW - sea-surface temperature KW - North Atlantic KW - winds KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - TOPEX/POSEIDON KW - remote sensing KW - Atlantic Coastal Plain KW - 07:Oceanography UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50151556?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=Variability+in+sea+surface+height%3B+a+qualitative+measure+for+the+meridional+overturning+in+the+North+Atlantic&rft.au=Hakkinen%2C+Sirpa&rft.aulast=Hakkinen&rft.aufirst=Sirpa&rft.date=2001-07-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=C7&rft.spage=13&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F1999JC000155 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 21 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. geol. sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - altimetry; Atlantic Coastal Plain; Atlantic Ocean; Atlantic Ocean Islands; atmospheric pressure; Bermuda; decadal variations; functions; Gulf Stream; North Atlantic; ocean circulation; ocean waves; remote sensing; Rossby waves; satellite methods; sea surface height; sea-surface temperature; TOPEX/POSEIDON; United States; winds DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/1999JC000155 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of the Dozier retrieval to wildfire characterization A sensitivity analysis AN - 19785250; 5175596 AB - The demand for improved information on regional and global fire activity in the context of land use/land cover change, ecosystem disturbance, climate modeling, and natural hazards has increased efforts in recent years to improve earth-observing satellite sensors and associated methods for fire information retrieval. While sensor development has made considerable headway for fire monitoring with the recent launch of Terra in late 1999 and upcoming missions such as bispectral infrared detection (BIRD), FOCUS, and the National Polar-Orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS), the retrieval of fire properties from satellite observations remains problematic. Current methods for determining properties of actively burning fires, for example, continue to be based on a simple two-component model developed by Dozier in 1981. Its limitations in terms of reliable operational fire property retrieval have been known for some time, although not examined in detail to date. With new measurements from recently deployed and evolving satellite systems, which offer key advantages for fire remote sensing, it is appropriate now to more comprehensively examine the heritage methodology for fire property retrieval. The results of a sensitivity analysis indicate that under realistic conditions the random errors in fire temperature and area retrieved using Dozier's method are plus or minus 100 K and plus or minus 50% at one standard deviation, respectively, for fires occupying a pixel fraction greater than 0.005 (this corresponds to a 5000-m super(2) fire within a 1-km pixel). For smaller active fires, larger random and systematic errors are likely to occur. JF - Remote Sensing of Environment AU - Giglio, L AU - Kendall, J D AD - Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Lanham, MD, USA, giglio@hades.gsfc.nasa.gov Y1 - 2001/07// PY - 2001 DA - Jul 2001 SP - 34 EP - 49 VL - 77 IS - 1 SN - 0034-4257, 0034-4257 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Human Population KW - Natural disturbance KW - Fires KW - Computer programs KW - Climate KW - Remote sensing KW - Satellites KW - Ecosystem disturbance KW - Land use KW - Models KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - M1 400:Monitoring and Quantitating Anthropogenic Processes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19785250?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.atitle=Application+of+the+Dozier+retrieval+to+wildfire+characterization+A+sensitivity+analysis&rft.au=Giglio%2C+L%3BKendall%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Giglio&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2001-07-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=34&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.issn=00344257&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Land use; Ecosystem disturbance; Climate; Computer programs; Models; Natural disturbance; Satellites; Fires; Remote sensing ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular microbial diversity of a spacecraft assembly facility AN - 18294855; 5347229 AB - In ongoing investigations to map and archive the microbial footprints in various components of the spacecraft and its accessories, we have examined the microbial populations of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory's Spacecraft Assembly Facility (JPL-SAF). Witness plates made up of spacecraft materials, some painted with spacecraft qualified paints, were exposed for approximately 7 to 9 months at JPL-SAF and examined the particulate materials collected for the incidence of total cultivable aerobic heterotrophs and heat-tolerant (80 degree C for 15-min.) spore-formers. The results showed that the witness plates coated with spacecraft qualified paints attracted more dust particles than the non-coated stainless steel witness plates. Among the four paints tested, witness plates coated with NS43G accumulated the highest number of particles, and hence attracted more cultivable microbes. The conventional microbiological examination revealed that the JPL-SAF harbors mainly Gram-positive microbes and mostly spore-forming Bacillus species. Most of the isolated microbes were heat resistant to 80 degree C and proliferate at 60 degree C. The phylogenetic relationships among 23 cultivable heat-tolerant microbes were examined using a battery of morphological, physiological, molecular and chemotaxonomic characterizations. By 16S rDNA sequence analysis, the isolates fell into seven clades: Bacillus licheniformis, B. pumilus, B. cereus, B. circulans, Staphylococcus capitis, Planococcus sp. and Micrococcus lylae. In contrast to the cultivable approach, direct DNA isolation, cloning and 16S rDNA sequencing analysis revealed equal representation of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms. JF - Systematic and Applied Microbiology AU - Venkateswaran, K AU - Satomi, M AU - Chung, Sh AU - Kern, R AU - Koukol, R AU - Basic, C AU - White, D AD - Planetary Protection Technologies, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Dr., Pasadena, CA 91109, USA, kjvenkat@jpl.nasa.gov Y1 - 2001/07// PY - 2001 DA - Jul 2001 SP - 311 EP - 320 VL - 24 IS - 2 SN - 0723-2020, 0723-2020 KW - Jet Propulsion Laboratory-Spacecraft Assembly Facility KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Bacillus licheniformis KW - Species diversity KW - Heat tolerance KW - Staphylococcus capitis KW - Bacillus circulans KW - Bacillus cereus KW - Micrococcus lylae KW - Planococcus KW - Bacillus pumilus KW - A 01118:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18294855?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Systematic+and+Applied+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Molecular+microbial+diversity+of+a+spacecraft+assembly+facility&rft.au=Venkateswaran%2C+K%3BSatomi%2C+M%3BChung%2C+Sh%3BKern%2C+R%3BKoukol%2C+R%3BBasic%2C+C%3BWhite%2C+D&rft.aulast=Venkateswaran&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2001-07-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=311&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Systematic+and+Applied+Microbiology&rft.issn=07232020&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bacillus licheniformis; Bacillus cereus; Bacillus circulans; Bacillus pumilus; Staphylococcus capitis; Planococcus; Micrococcus lylae; Heat tolerance; Species diversity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Principal Modes of Rainfall-SST Variability of the Asian Summer Monsoon: A Reassessment of the Monsoon-ENSO Relationship AN - 18187049; 5214861 AB - Using global rainfall and sea surface temperature (SST) data for the past two decades (1979-98), the covariability of the Asian summer monsoon (ASM) and El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) was investigated. The findings suggest three recurring rainfall-SST coupled modes. Characterized by a pronounced biennial variability, the first mode is associated with generally depressed rainfall over the western Pacific and the "Maritime Continent," stemming from the eastward shift of the Walker circulation during the growth phase of El Nino. The associated SST pattern consists of an east-west SST seesaw across the Pacific and another seesaw with opposite polarity over the Indian Ocean. The second mode is associated with a growing La Nina, comprising mixed, regional, and basin-scale rainfall and SST variability with abnormally warm water in the vicinity of the Maritime Continent and western Pacific. It possesses a pronounced low-level west Pacific anticyclone (WPA) near the Philippines and exhibits large subseasonal-scale variability. The third mode is associated with regional coupled ocean-atmosphere processes in the ASM region, having spatial and temporal variabilities that suggest extratropical linkages and interhemispheric interactions occurring on decadal timescales. Results indicate the importance of regional processes in affecting ASM rainfall variability. On the average, and over the ASM region as a whole, ENSO-related basin-scale SSTs can account for about 30% of the variability, and regional processes can account for an additional 20%. In individual years and over subregions, the percentages can be much higher or lower. In addition to the shift in the Walker circulation, it is found that the regional excitation of the WPA is important in determining the rainfall variability over south Asia and east Asia. Based on the results, a hypothesis is proposed that anomalous wind forcings derived from the WPA may be instrumental in inducing a biennial modulation to natural ENSO cycles. The causes of the 1997 and 1998 rainfall anomalies over the ASM subregions are discussed in the context of these results and in light of recent observations of long-term changes in the monsoon-ENSO relationship. JF - Journal of Climate AU - Lau, K-M AU - Wu, H T AD - Climate and Radiation Branch, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA Y1 - 2001/07// PY - 2001 DA - July 2001 SP - 2880 EP - 2895 VL - 14 IS - 13 SN - 0894-8755, 0894-8755 KW - Asia KW - Southern Oscillation KW - sea surface temperature KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Sea surface KW - Variability KW - Regional Analysis KW - Rainfall KW - Freshwater KW - IS, Tropical Pacific KW - El Nino-Southern Oscillation event-rainfall relationships KW - El Nino KW - El Nino-Southern Oscillation event-monsoon relationships KW - Sea surface temperature-rainfall relationships KW - Ocean-atmosphere system KW - I, Indo-Pacific KW - Climatology KW - Data Interpretation KW - Weather Patterns KW - Temporal Distribution KW - El Nino phenomena KW - Marine KW - ISW, Indian Ocean KW - Brackish KW - Atmospheric circulation KW - Surface temperature KW - Climatic Data KW - Asian monsoons KW - Asia, East KW - Monsoons KW - M2 551.553.21:Monsoons (551.553.21) KW - M2 551.513.7:Relations between distant regions (551.513.7) KW - M2 551.526.6:Oceans and seas (551.526.6) KW - SW 0815:Precipitation KW - Q2 09244:Air-sea coupling KW - M2 551.577:General Precipitation (551.577) KW - O 2070:Meteorology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18187049?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Climate&rft.atitle=Principal+Modes+of+Rainfall-SST+Variability+of+the+Asian+Summer+Monsoon%3A+A+Reassessment+of+the+Monsoon-ENSO+Relationship&rft.au=Lau%2C+K-M%3BWu%2C+H+T&rft.aulast=Lau&rft.aufirst=K-M&rft.date=2001-07-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=13&rft.spage=2880&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Climate&rft.issn=08948755&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-06-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sea surface; Rainfall; Ocean-atmosphere system; Atmospheric circulation; Surface temperature; Southern Oscillation; El Nino phenomena; Monsoons; El Nino-Southern Oscillation event-monsoon relationships; Asian monsoons; Sea surface temperature-rainfall relationships; El Nino-Southern Oscillation event-rainfall relationships; Variability; Regional Analysis; Climatic Data; El Nino; Climatology; Data Interpretation; Temporal Distribution; Weather Patterns; ISW, Indian Ocean; Asia, East; I, Indo-Pacific; IS, Tropical Pacific; Marine; Brackish; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ecological Physiology of Synechococcus sp. Strain SH-94-5, a Naturally Occurring Cyanobacterium Deficient in Nitrate Assimilation AN - 18076261; 5146269 AB - Synechococcus sp. strain SH-94-5 is a nitrate assimilation-deficient cyanobacterium which was isolated from an ammonium-replete hot spring in central Oregon. While this clone could grow on ammonium and some forms of organic nitrogen as sole nitrogen sources, it could not grow on either nitrate or nitrite, even under conditions favoring passive diffusion. It was determined that this clone does not express functional nitrate reductase or nitrite reductase and that the lack of activity of either enzyme is not due to inactivation of the cyanobacterial nitrogen control protein NtcA. A few other naturally occurring cyanobacterial strains are also nitrate assimilation deficient, and phylogenetic analyses indicated that the ability to utilize nitrate has been independently lost at least four times during the evolutionary history of the cyanobacteria. This phenotype is associated with the presence of environmental ammonium, a negative regulator of nitrate assimilation gene expression, which may indicate that natural selection to maintain functional copies of nitrate assimilation genes has been relaxed in these habitats. These results suggest how the evolutionary fates of conditionally expressed genes might differ between environments and thereby effect ecological divergence and biogeographical structure in the microbial world. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Miller AU - Castenholz, R W AD - Mailstop 239-4, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035., srmiller@mail.arc.nasa.gov Y1 - 2001/07// PY - 2001 DA - Jul 2001 SP - 3002 EP - 3009 VL - 67 IS - 7 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - NctA protein KW - nitrate reductase KW - physiology KW - Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Nitrate KW - Hot springs KW - Freshwater KW - Environmental factors KW - Natural selection KW - Ecology KW - Growth KW - Environmental effects KW - USA, Oregon KW - Nutrient uptake KW - Nitrite KW - Ammonium compounds KW - Phylogeny KW - Ammonium KW - Nitrates KW - Mutations KW - Nitrate reductase KW - Synechococcus KW - Enzymes KW - Ecophysiology KW - Nitrite reductase KW - Evolution KW - K 03009:Algae KW - D 04627:Algae/lichens KW - Q1 08225:Genetics and evolution KW - G 07340:Algal genetics KW - G 07260:Taxonomy, systematics and evolutionary genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18076261?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Ecological+Physiology+of+Synechococcus+sp.+Strain+SH-94-5%2C+a+Naturally+Occurring+Cyanobacterium+Deficient+in+Nitrate+Assimilation&rft.au=Miller%3BCastenholz%2C+R+W&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2001-07-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=3002&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAEM.67.7.3002-3009.2001 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ecophysiology; Nitrates; Mutations; Enzymes; Hot springs; Natural selection; Environmental factors; Evolution; Ammonium compounds; Phylogeny; Ammonium; Nitrate; Nitrate reductase; Ecology; Nitrite reductase; Growth; Environmental effects; Nitrite; Nutrient uptake; Synechococcus; USA, Oregon; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.67.7.3002-3009.2001 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of a Small Tetraheme Cytochrome c and a Flavocytochrome c as Two of the Principal Soluble Cytochromes c in Shewanella oneidensis Strain MR1 AN - 17910089; 5146245 AB - Two abundant, low-redox-potential cytochromes c were purified from the facultative anaerobe Shewanella oneidensis strain MR1 grown anaerobically with fumarate. The small cytochrome was completely sequenced, and the genes coding for both proteins were cloned and sequenced. The small cytochrome c contains 91 residues and four heme binding sites. It is most similar to the cytochromes c from Shewanella frigidimarina (formerly Shewanella putrefaciens) NCIMB400 and the unclassified bacterial strain H1R (64 and 55% identity, respectively). The amount of the small tetraheme cytochrome is regulated by anaerobiosis, but not by fumarate. The larger of the two low-potential cytochromes contains tetraheme and flavin domains and is regulated by anaerobiosis and by fumarate and thus most nearly corresponds to the flavocytochrome c-fumarate reductase previously characterized from S. frigidimarina to which it is 59% identical. However, the genetic context of the cytochrome genes is not the same for the two Shewanella species, and they are not located in multicistronic operons. The small cytochrome c and the cytochrome domain of the flavocytochrome c are also homologous, showing 34% identity. Structural comparison shows that the Shewanella tetraheme cytochromes are not related to the Desulfovibrio cytochromes c sub(3) but define a new folding motif for small multiheme cytochromes c. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Tsapin, AI AU - Vandenberghe, I AU - Nealson, KH AU - Scott, J H AU - Meyer, TE AU - Cusanovich, MA AU - Harada, E AU - Kaizu, T AU - Akutsu, H AU - Leys, D AU - Van Beeumen, JJ Y1 - 2001/07// PY - 2001 DA - Jul 2001 SP - 3236 EP - 3244 VL - 67 IS - 7 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - cytochrome c gene KW - flavocytochrome c KW - fumaric acid KW - Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Cytochrome c KW - Heme KW - Shewanella frigidimarina KW - Shewanella oneidensis KW - G 07320:Bacterial genetics KW - J 02723:Photosynthesis, electron transport and related phenomena UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17910089?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Identification+of+a+Small+Tetraheme+Cytochrome+c+and+a+Flavocytochrome+c+as+Two+of+the+Principal+Soluble+Cytochromes+c+in+Shewanella+oneidensis+Strain+MR1&rft.au=Tsapin%2C+AI%3BVandenberghe%2C+I%3BNealson%2C+KH%3BScott%2C+J+H%3BMeyer%2C+TE%3BCusanovich%2C+MA%3BHarada%2C+E%3BKaizu%2C+T%3BAkutsu%2C+H%3BLeys%2C+D%3BVan+Beeumen%2C+JJ&rft.aulast=Tsapin&rft.aufirst=AI&rft.date=2001-07-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=3236&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAEM.67.7.3236-3244.2001 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Shewanella frigidimarina; Shewanella oneidensis; Cytochrome c; Heme DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.67.7.3236-3244.2001 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evolution of tropical and extratropical precipitation anomalies during the 1997-1999 ENSO cycle AN - 18185652; 5207865 AB - The 1997-1999 El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) period was very powerful, but also well observed. Multiple satellite rainfall estimates combined with gauge observations allow for a quantitative analysis of precipitation anomalies in the tropics and elsewhere accompanying the 1997-1999 ENSO cycle. An examination of the evolution of the El Nino and accompanying precipitation anomalies revealed that a dry Maritime Continent (MC) preceded the formation of positive sea-surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the eastern Pacific Ocean. Thirty- to sixty-day oscillations in the winter of 1996-1997 may have contributed to this lag relationship. Furthermore, westerly wind burst events may have maintained the drought over the MC. The warming of the equatorial Pacific was then followed by an increase in convection. A rapid transition from El Nino to La Nina occurred in May 1998, but as early as October-November 1997, precipitation indices captured substantial changes in Pacific rainfall anomalies. The global precipitation patterns for this event were in good agreement with the strong consistent ENSO-related precipitation signals identified in earlier studies. Differences included a shift in precipitation anomalies over Africa during the 1997-1998 El Nino and unusually wet conditions over northeast Australia during the later stages of the El Nino. Also, the typically wet region in the north tropical Pacific was mostly dry during the 1998-1999 La Nina. Reanalysis precipitation was compared with observations during this time period and substantial differences were noted. In particular, the model had a bias towards positive precipitation anomalies and the magnitudes of the anomalies in the equatorial Pacific were small compared with the observations. Also, the evolution of the precipitation field, including the drying of the MC and eastward progression of rainfall in the equatorial Pacific, was less pronounced for the model compared with the observations. JF - International Journal of Climatology AU - Curtis, S AU - Adler, R AU - Huffman, G AU - Nelkin, E AU - Bolvin, D AD - Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Laboratory for Atmospheres, NASA/Goddard Flight Center, Code 912, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA, curtis@agnes.gsfc.nasa.gov Y1 - 2001/06/30/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Jun 30 SP - 961 EP - 971 VL - 21 IS - 8 SN - 0899-8418, 0899-8418 KW - Modelling KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - Atmospheric precipitations KW - Meteorological Data Collection KW - Sea surface KW - Case Studies KW - Rainfall KW - Precipitation KW - Model Studies KW - Southern Oscillation KW - Surface temperature KW - Satellite sensing KW - El Nino KW - IS, Equatorial Pacific KW - Temperature anomalies KW - Climatology KW - Weather Patterns KW - El Nino phenomena KW - Teleconnections KW - SW 0815:Precipitation KW - Q2 09244:Air-sea coupling KW - O 2070:Meteorology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18185652?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Climatology&rft.atitle=Evolution+of+tropical+and+extratropical+precipitation+anomalies+during+the+1997-1999+ENSO+cycle&rft.au=Curtis%2C+S%3BAdler%2C+R%3BHuffman%2C+G%3BNelkin%2C+E%3BBolvin%2C+D&rft.aulast=Curtis&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2001-06-30&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=961&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Climatology&rft.issn=08998418&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Atmospheric precipitations; Sea surface; Satellite sensing; Rainfall; Temperature anomalies; Teleconnections; Surface temperature; Southern Oscillation; El Nino phenomena; Meteorological Data Collection; El Nino; Case Studies; Climatology; Precipitation; Model Studies; Weather Patterns; IS, Equatorial Pacific ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Observations of Martian ice clouds by the Mars Global Surveyor thermal emission spectrometer; the first Martian year AN - 50154309; 2003-061030 AB - Successful operation of the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft, beginning in September 1997 (L (sub s) = 184 degrees ), has permitted extensive observations over more than a Martian year. Initially, thin (normal optical depth <0.06 at 825 cm (super -1) ) ice clouds and hazes were widespread, showing a distinct latitudinal gradient. With the onset of a regional dust storm at L (sub s) = 224 degrees , ice clouds vanished in the southern hemisphere, to reappear gradually after the decay of the storm. The zonally averaged cloud opacities show little difference between the beginning and end of the first Martian year. A broad low-latitude cloud belt with considerable longitudinal structure was present in early northern summer. Apparently characteristic of the northern summer season, it vanished between L (sub s) = 140 degrees and 150 degrees . The latitudinal extent of this feature is apparently controlled by the ascending branch of the Hadley circulation. The most opaque clouds (optical depth approximately 0.6) were found above the summits of major volcanic features; these showed spatial structure possibly associated with wave activity. Variety among low-lying late morning clouds suggests localized differences in circulation and microclimates. Limb observations showed extensive optically thin (optical depth <0.04) stratiform clouds at altitudes up to 55 km. Considerable latitude and altitude variations were evident in ice clouds in early northern spring (L (sub s) = 25 degrees ); near 30 km, thin clouds extended from just north of the equator to approximately 45 degrees N, nearly to the north polar vortex. A water ice haze was present in the north polar night (L (sub s) = 30 degrees ) at altitudes up to 40 km. Because little dust was present this probably provided heterogeneous nucleation sites for the formation of CO (sub 2) clouds and snowfall at altitudes below approximately 20 km, where atmospheric temperatures dropped to the CO (sub 2) condensation point. The relatively invariant spectral shape of the water ice cloud feature over space and time indicates that ice particle radii are generally between 1 and 4 mu m. Copyright 2001 by the American Geophysical Union. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Pearl, John C AU - Smith, Michael D AU - Conrath, Barney J AU - Bandfield, Joshua L AU - Christensen, Philip R Y1 - 2001/06/25/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Jun 25 SP - 12 EP - 12,338 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 106 IS - E6 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - dust storms KW - clouds KW - monitoring KW - global KW - Mars KW - ice clouds KW - distribution KW - carbon dioxide KW - terrestrial planets KW - planets KW - Mariner 9 KW - volcanic features KW - color KW - ice KW - Mariner Program KW - Thermal Emission Spectrometer KW - Mars Global Surveyor Program KW - volcanoes KW - seasonal variations KW - latitude KW - instruments KW - TES KW - remote sensing KW - 04:Extraterrestrial geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50154309?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=Observations+of+Martian+ice+clouds+by+the+Mars+Global+Surveyor+thermal+emission+spectrometer%3B+the+first+Martian+year&rft.au=Pearl%2C+John+C%3BSmith%2C+Michael+D%3BConrath%2C+Barney+J%3BBandfield%2C+Joshua+L%3BChristensen%2C+Philip+R&rft.aulast=Pearl&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2001-06-25&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=E6&rft.spage=12&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F1999JE001233 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2014, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2003-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 69 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2014-09-18 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - carbon dioxide; clouds; color; distribution; dust storms; global; ice; ice clouds; instruments; latitude; Mariner 9; Mariner Program; Mars; Mars Global Surveyor Program; monitoring; planets; remote sensing; seasonal variations; terrestrial planets; TES; Thermal Emission Spectrometer; volcanic features; volcanoes DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/1999JE001233 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Validation of a massively parallel ensemble Kalman filter with a high-resolution pacific ocean circulation model AN - 39456757; 3605528 AU - Kepenne, CL AU - Rienecker, M M Y1 - 2001/06/22/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Jun 22 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39456757?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Validation+of+a+massively+parallel+ensemble+Kalman+filter+with+a+high-resolution+pacific+ocean+circulation+model&rft.au=Kepenne%2C+CL%3BRienecker%2C+M+M&rft.aulast=Kepenne&rft.aufirst=CL&rft.date=2001-06-22&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: The Mediterranean Oceanic Database, URL: modb.oce.ulg.ac.be N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Neural mechanisms resolving response competition across stimulus modalities AN - 39434993; 3599487 AU - Hazeltine, E AU - Bunge, SA AU - Gabrieli, JDE Y1 - 2001/06/22/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Jun 22 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39434993?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Neural+mechanisms+resolving+response+competition+across+stimulus+modalities&rft.au=Hazeltine%2C+E%3BBunge%2C+SA%3BGabrieli%2C+JDE&rft.aulast=Hazeltine&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2001-06-22&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Cognitive Nueroscience Society, 6162 Moore Hall, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA; phone: 603-646-1189; email: cns@dartmouth.edu; URL: www.dartmouth.edu/~cns. Poster Paper No. 37A N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Biogeochemistry of sulfur in hydrothermal systems AN - 39422059; 3605848 AU - Schulte, M AU - Rogers, K L Y1 - 2001/06/22/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Jun 22 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39422059?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Biogeochemistry+of+sulfur+in+hydrothermal+systems&rft.au=Schulte%2C+M%3BRogers%2C+K+L&rft.aulast=Schulte&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2001-06-22&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Geological Society of America, P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO 80301-9140, USA; URL: www.geosociety.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Biogenic methane, hydrogen escape, and the irreversible oxidation of early earth AN - 39417520; 3605738 AU - Catling, D C AU - Zahnle, K J AU - McKay, C P Y1 - 2001/06/22/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Jun 22 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39417520?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Biogenic+methane%2C+hydrogen+escape%2C+and+the+irreversible+oxidation+of+early+earth&rft.au=Catling%2C+D+C%3BZahnle%2C+K+J%3BMcKay%2C+C+P&rft.aulast=Catling&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2001-06-22&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Geological Society of America, P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO 80301-9140, USA; URL: www.geosociety.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Origin of monsoon onset. Part II: Rotational ITCZ attractors AN - 39394888; 3602445 AU - Chao, W C AU - Chen, B Y1 - 2001/06/22/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Jun 22 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39394888?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Origin+of+monsoon+onset.+Part+II%3A+Rotational+ITCZ+attractors&rft.au=Chao%2C+W+C%3BChen%2C+B&rft.aulast=Chao&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2001-06-22&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St., Boston, MA 02108-3693, USA; URL: www.ametsoc.org. Poster Paper No. P3.10 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Impact of satellite observations in a data assimilation system AN - 39373687; 3605619 AU - Rood, R B Y1 - 2001/06/22/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Jun 22 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39373687?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Impact+of+satellite+observations+in+a+data+assimilation+system&rft.au=Rood%2C+R+B&rft.aulast=Rood&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2001-06-22&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Geological Society of America, P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO 80301-9140, USA; URL: www.geosociety.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Autologous stem cell transplantation in unresponsive multiple sclerosis AN - 39344478; 3600871 AU - Saccardi, R AU - Mancardi, G L AU - Bacigalupo, A AU - Bosi, A AU - Di Bartolomeo, P AU - Gualandi, F AU - La Nasa, G AU - Murialdo, A AU - Pagliai, F AU - Papineschi, F Y1 - 2001/06/22/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Jun 22 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39344478?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Autologous+stem+cell+transplantation+in+unresponsive+multiple+sclerosis&rft.au=Saccardi%2C+R%3BMancardi%2C+G+L%3BBacigalupo%2C+A%3BBosi%2C+A%3BDi+Bartolomeo%2C+P%3BGualandi%2C+F%3BLa+Nasa%2C+G%3BMurialdo%2C+A%3BPagliai%2C+F%3BPapineschi%2C+F&rft.aulast=Saccardi&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2001-06-22&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: AKM Congress Service, P.O. Box, CH-4005, Basel; phone: 41-61-686-77-77; fax: 41-61-686-77-88; URL: www.akm.ch. Paper No. OS87 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Archean-proterozoic transition: Carbon isotopic indicators of change AN - 39339431; 3605739 AU - Des Marais, DJ Y1 - 2001/06/22/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Jun 22 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39339431?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Archean-proterozoic+transition%3A+Carbon+isotopic+indicators+of+change&rft.au=Des+Marais%2C+DJ&rft.aulast=Des+Marais&rft.aufirst=DJ&rft.date=2001-06-22&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Geological Society of America, P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO 80301-9140, USA; URL: www.geosociety.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Lithosphere-biosphere interactions: Impacts of antarctic endolithic microbial communities on weathering of sedimentary rock AN - 39339280; 3605700 AU - Douglas, S AU - Storrie-Lombardi, M C AU - Bhartia, R Y1 - 2001/06/22/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Jun 22 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39339280?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Lithosphere-biosphere+interactions%3A+Impacts+of+antarctic+endolithic+microbial+communities+on+weathering+of+sedimentary+rock&rft.au=Douglas%2C+S%3BStorrie-Lombardi%2C+M+C%3BBhartia%2C+R&rft.aulast=Douglas&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2001-06-22&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Geological Society of America, P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO 80301-9140, USA; URL: www.geosociety.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Short-term dynamic influence of the stratosphere on the troposphere during Northern Hemisphere winter AN - 39323273; 3602538 AU - Perlwitz, J Y1 - 2001/06/22/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Jun 22 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39323273?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Short-term+dynamic+influence+of+the+stratosphere+on+the+troposphere+during+Northern+Hemisphere+winter&rft.au=Perlwitz%2C+J&rft.aulast=Perlwitz&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2001-06-22&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St., Boston, MA 02108-3693, USA; URL: www.ametsoc.org. Paper No. 10.2 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Clouds and phytoplankton: Radiative effects simulated in a global coupled ocean general circulation/biogeochemical/radiative model AN - 39306708; 3602286 AU - Gregg, W Y1 - 2001/06/22/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Jun 22 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39306708?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Clouds+and+phytoplankton%3A+Radiative+effects+simulated+in+a+global+coupled+ocean+general+circulation%2Fbiogeochemical%2Fradiative+model&rft.au=Gregg%2C+W&rft.aulast=Gregg&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2001-06-22&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: The Oceanography Society, 5912 LeMay Road, Rockville, MD 20851-2326, USA; phone: 301-881-1101; fax: 301-881-1102; URL: www.tos.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A methodology for initializing soil moisture in a global climate model: Assimilation of near-surface soil moisture observations AN - 18234764; 5299008 AB - Because of its long-term persistence, accurate initialization of land surface soil moisture in fully coupled global climate models has the potential to greatly increase the accuracy of climatological and hydrological prediction. To improve the initialization of soil moisture in the NASA Seasonal-to-Interannual Prediction Project (NSIPP), a one-dimensional Kalman filter has been developed to assimilate near-surface soil moisture observations into the catchment-based land surface model used by NSIPP. A set of numerical experiments was performed using an uncoupled version of the NSIPP land surface model to evaluate the assimilation procedure. In this study, "true" land surface data were generated by spinning-up the land surface model for 1987 using the International Satellite Land Surface Climatology Project (ISLSCP) forcing data sets. A degraded simulation was made for 1987 by setting the initial soil moisture prognostic variables to arbitrarily wet values uniformly throughout North America. The final simulation run assimilated the synthetically generated near-surface soil moisture "observations" from the true simulation into the degraded simulation once every 3 days. This study has illustrated that by assimilating near-surface soil moisture observations, as would be available from a remote sensing satellite, errors in forecast soil moisture profiles as a result of poor initialization may be removed and the resulting predictions of runoff and evapotranspiration improved. After only 1 month of assimilation the root-mean-square error in the profile storage of soil moisture was reduced to 3% vol/vol, while after 12 months of assimilation, the root-mean-square error in the profile storage was as low as 1% vol/vol. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research. D. Atmospheres AU - Walker, J P AU - Houser, PR AD - Hydrological Sciences Branch, Laboratory for Hydrospheric Processes, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA Y1 - 2001/06/16/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Jun 16 SP - 11 EP - 11,774 VL - 106 IS - D11 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - PNW, North America KW - Satellite Technology KW - Climatic Data KW - Catchment Areas KW - Climatic models KW - Soil moisture determination KW - Hydrology KW - Soil moisture-climate relationships KW - Soil Water KW - Data assimilation KW - Model Studies KW - M2 551.509.33:Forecasts for long period (week, month or season) (551.509.33) KW - SW 0845:Water in soils KW - M2 551.581.1:Theoretical climatology. Climatic models. Solar climate (551.581.1) KW - M2 551.582.1:Qualitative descriptions (551.582.1) KW - M2 556.142:Soil moisture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18234764?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research.+D.+Atmospheres&rft.atitle=A+methodology+for+initializing+soil+moisture+in+a+global+climate+model%3A+Assimilation+of+near-surface+soil+moisture+observations&rft.au=Walker%2C+J+P%3BHouser%2C+PR&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2001-06-16&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=D11&rft.spage=11&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research.+D.+Atmospheres&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Soil moisture determination; Climatic models; Soil moisture-climate relationships; Data assimilation; Satellite Technology; Climatic Data; Catchment Areas; Hydrology; Soil Water; Model Studies; PNW, North America ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nontidal oceanic contributions to gravitational field changes; predictions of the Parallel Ocean Climate Model AN - 50157147; 2002-023675 AB - This study examines the nontidal contributions of the oceans to the Earth's gravitational field variations as predicted by a global ocean general circulation model: the Parallel Ocean Climate Model. Such variations in the gravitational field Stokes coefficient are determined up to spherical harmonic degree and order 20 and compared with satellite laser ranging (SLR) data from LAGEOSI and LAGEOS II. For most Stokes coefficients except the lowest-degree ones, this investigation indicates that the application of sea level adjustment to reduce the effects of the model's lack of mass conservation due to the Boussinesq approximation has a negligible effect on timescales less than a few years. Predicted gravitational changes show strong seasonal variability and account for a portion of the variations estimated from SLR. We conclude that, in addition to the atmosphere, the oceans are an important contributor to the temporal variations in the Earth's gravitational field. The Stokes coefficients are useful in examining oceanic mass transport between hemispheres and ocean basins. The estimated oceanic power spectrum has a spectral shape similar to the atmosphere and is well above the noise level of planned satellite missions like the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE). Copyright 2001 by the American Geophysical Union. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Johnson, Thomas J AU - Wilson, Clark R AU - Chao, Benjamin F Y1 - 2001/06/10/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Jun 10 SP - 11 EP - 11,334 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 106 IS - B6 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - ocean circulation KW - GRACE KW - geodesy KW - satellite methods KW - tides KW - gravity field KW - ocean power spectrum KW - Stokes coefficient KW - nontidal mass distributions KW - Lageos KW - seasonal variations KW - Pacific Ocean Climate Model KW - world ocean KW - remote sensing KW - 20:Applied geophysics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50157147?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=Nontidal+oceanic+contributions+to+gravitational+field+changes%3B+predictions+of+the+Parallel+Ocean+Climate+Model&rft.au=Johnson%2C+Thomas+J%3BWilson%2C+Clark+R%3BChao%2C+Benjamin+F&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.date=2001-06-10&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=B6&rft.spage=11&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2000JB900438 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2014, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 47 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 6 tables N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - geodesy; GRACE; gravity field; Lageos; nontidal mass distributions; ocean circulation; ocean power spectrum; Pacific Ocean Climate Model; remote sensing; satellite methods; seasonal variations; Stokes coefficient; tides; world ocean DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000JB900438 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Investigation of cosmic rays and their secondaries at aircraft altitudes. AN - 72229048; 11678153 AB - A very extensive study of the radiation field at aircraft altitudes has been carried out over the last few years. These investigations formed part of a European wide collaboration involving several laboratories with extensive experience in cosmic ray research and/or dosimetry. Among the main topics investigated were the charge spectra, LET spectra, anisotropy and dose values. The measurements were performed on subsonic and supersonic flights covering a wide range of altitudes and latitudes. Several active and passive instruments were employed in these studies and some results obtained with nuclear track detectors are described here. Comparisons are made with the results of other experiments and theoretical estimates using computer codes. c2001 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. JF - Radiation measurements AU - O'Sullivan, D AU - Zhou, D AU - Flood, E AD - Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies (DIAS), Astrophysics Section, 5 Merrion Square, Dublin 2, Ireland. dos@cp.dias.ie Y1 - 2001/06// PY - 2001 DA - June 2001 SP - 277 EP - 280 VL - 34 IS - 1-6 SN - 1350-4487, 1350-4487 KW - CR 39 KW - 25656-90-0 KW - Polyethylene Glycols KW - 30IQX730WE KW - Space life sciences KW - Radiation Dosage KW - Computer Simulation KW - Radiometry KW - Nuclear Physics KW - Linear Energy Transfer KW - Atmosphere KW - Altitude KW - Cosmic Radiation KW - Aircraft -- instrumentation KW - Radiation Monitoring -- instrumentation KW - Aviation -- instrumentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72229048?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radiation+measurements&rft.atitle=Investigation+of+cosmic+rays+and+their+secondaries+at+aircraft+altitudes.&rft.au=O%27Sullivan%2C+D%3BZhou%2C+D%3BFlood%2C+E&rft.aulast=O%27Sullivan&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2001-06-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=1-6&rft.spage=277&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Radiation+measurements&rft.issn=13504487&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-12-07 N1 - Date created - 2001-10-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - About some physical mechanisms of statistics of radiation-induced effects formation and non-linear cell response in low dose area. AN - 72228782; 11678150 AB - A new cascade-stochastic approach to solve the direct and inverse problems of radiation-induced effect statistics in track biodetectors is presented in this paper. The analysis of the experimental data has made it possible to establish a non-linear nature of the "dose-effect" dependence in low dose area. For the first time, a new determination of the relative biological efficiency and quality coefficient of ionizing radiation in area of low doses are proposed. c2001 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. JF - Radiation measurements AU - Rusov, V AU - Zelentsova, T AU - Melentchuk, I AU - Beglaryan, M AD - Department of Theoretical and Experimental Nuclear Physics, Odessa Polytechnic University, Shevchenko av I, Odessa 65044, Ukraine. siiis@e.net.ua Y1 - 2001/06// PY - 2001 DA - June 2001 SP - 105 EP - 108 VL - 34 IS - 1-6 SN - 1350-4487, 1350-4487 KW - Chromatin KW - 0 KW - Space life sciences KW - Radiation Dosage KW - Relative Biological Effectiveness KW - Chromatin -- radiation effects KW - Humans KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation KW - Linear Energy Transfer KW - Micronuclei, Chromosome-Defective KW - Stochastic Processes KW - Nonlinear Dynamics KW - Lymphocytes -- radiation effects KW - Models, Statistical KW - Cell Nucleus -- radiation effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72228782?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radiation+measurements&rft.atitle=About+some+physical+mechanisms+of+statistics+of+radiation-induced+effects+formation+and+non-linear+cell+response+in+low+dose+area.&rft.au=Rusov%2C+V%3BZelentsova%2C+T%3BMelentchuk%2C+I%3BBeglaryan%2C+M&rft.aulast=Rusov&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=2001-06-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=1-6&rft.spage=105&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Radiation+measurements&rft.issn=13504487&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-12-07 N1 - Date created - 2001-10-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Energy spectra of HZE-particles inside the International Space Station. AN - 72227966; 11678151 AB - To measure the energy spectra of low energy ions inside the International Space Station (ISS) we will expose three stacks of CR-39 plastic nuclear track detectors aligned to the three coordinate axes of the space station. The energies of cosmic ray nuclei at the stack surfaces can be determined by reconstructing the trajectories of ions stopping inside the detector material and by measuring their ranges. To measure only HZE (high charge Z and energy E) ions with charges of Z6 stopping in our experiment a special batch of CR-39 detectors with low sensitivity will be used. This detector material has been already tested by an exposure to carbon ions at the GSI accelerator in Darmstadt, Germany. c2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. JF - Radiation measurements AU - Gunther, W AU - Heinrich, W AU - Flesch, F AU - Reitz, G AD - Department of Physics, University of Siegen, 57068 Siegen, Germany. guenther@hig.physik.uni-siegen.de Y1 - 2001/06// PY - 2001 DA - June 2001 SP - 245 EP - 247 VL - 34 IS - 1-6 SN - 1350-4487, 1350-4487 KW - CR 39 KW - 25656-90-0 KW - Polyethylene Glycols KW - 30IQX730WE KW - Carbon KW - 7440-44-0 KW - Space life sciences KW - Evaluation Studies as Topic KW - Radiometry KW - Particle Accelerators KW - Extraterrestrial Environment KW - Linear Energy Transfer KW - Space Flight -- instrumentation KW - Spacecraft -- instrumentation KW - Cosmic Radiation KW - Radiation Monitoring -- instrumentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72227966?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radiation+measurements&rft.atitle=Energy+spectra+of+HZE-particles+inside+the+International+Space+Station.&rft.au=Gunther%2C+W%3BHeinrich%2C+W%3BFlesch%2C+F%3BReitz%2C+G&rft.aulast=Gunther&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2001-06-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=1-6&rft.spage=245&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Radiation+measurements&rft.issn=13504487&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-12-07 N1 - Date created - 2001-10-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Anomalous cosmic ray carbon and oxygen tracks in CN-Kodak. AN - 72227461; 11678155 AB - For observation of low energy cosmic ray particles we used CN-Kodak nuclear track detectors on Cosmos satellites. In solar quiet periods during solar minima conditions the detectors registered anomalous cosmic rays (ACRs). The ACRs are characterized by flux enhancements of several elements and it is known that the carbon enhancement is small compared with that of oxygen. In all of our quiet-time exposures the relation between carbon and oxygen was extremely small (C/O ~ 0.03). But in two quiet-time periods of 14.03.96-11.06.96 and of 15.12.97-14.04.98 we have identified many tracks as carbon in a L-R diagram. As a result the observed C/O ratio appears to be more than 0.5, whereas other experiments show no evidence of enhanced flux of carbon during these periods. The reason for the unexpected response of CN-Kodak is discussed. c2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. JF - Radiation measurements AU - Kondratyeva, M A AU - Tretyakova, C A AU - Tretyakova, S P AU - Zhuravlev, D A AD - Moscow State University, Skobeltsyn Institute for Nuclear Physics, 119899 Moscow, Russia. Y1 - 2001/06// PY - 2001 DA - June 2001 SP - 293 EP - 295 VL - 34 IS - 1-6 SN - 1350-4487, 1350-4487 KW - Carbon KW - 7440-44-0 KW - Collodion KW - 9004-70-0 KW - Oxygen KW - S88TT14065 KW - Space life sciences KW - Heavy Ions KW - Radiometry KW - Extraterrestrial Environment KW - Radiation Monitoring -- instrumentation KW - Solar Activity KW - Spacecraft -- instrumentation KW - Cosmic Radiation KW - Oxygen -- analysis KW - Carbon -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72227461?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radiation+measurements&rft.atitle=Anomalous+cosmic+ray+carbon+and+oxygen+tracks+in+CN-Kodak.&rft.au=Kondratyeva%2C+M+A%3BTretyakova%2C+C+A%3BTretyakova%2C+S+P%3BZhuravlev%2C+D+A&rft.aulast=Kondratyeva&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2001-06-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=1-6&rft.spage=293&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Radiation+measurements&rft.issn=13504487&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-12-07 N1 - Date created - 2001-10-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of charge states of single swift heavy projectiles by high-energy delta-electrons. AN - 72227093; 11678154 AB - The effective charge state is an important particle parameter which is required for the calculation of many effects concerning the interaction between radiation and matter such as an estimate of the radial dose of swift heavy projectiles, stopping power and so on. A new method for the determination of effective charge states of heavy ions is based on the measurement of the number of high-energy delta-electrons which are ejected from a target by the penetrating ion. These electrons are detectable with a CCD-detector and their number can be correlated to the effective charge state of the projectile for known particle velocities. This method is even applicable to operation with single swift heavy ions within statistical bounds. c2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. JF - Radiation measurements AU - Meier, M M AU - Reitz, G AD - DLR Institute of Aerospace Medicine, D-51147 Köln, Germany. matthias.meier@dlr.de Y1 - 2001/06// PY - 2001 DA - June 2001 SP - 281 EP - 285 VL - 34 IS - 1-6 SN - 1350-4487, 1350-4487 KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Space life sciences KW - Radiometry KW - Cosmic Radiation KW - Linear Energy Transfer KW - Models, Theoretical KW - Heavy Ions KW - Electrons KW - Computer Simulation KW - Elementary Particle Interactions KW - Radiation Monitoring -- instrumentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72227093?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radiation+measurements&rft.atitle=Determination+of+charge+states+of+single+swift+heavy+projectiles+by+high-energy+delta-electrons.&rft.au=Meier%2C+M+M%3BReitz%2C+G&rft.aulast=Meier&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2001-06-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=1-6&rft.spage=281&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Radiation+measurements&rft.issn=13504487&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-12-07 N1 - Date created - 2001-10-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The cosmic ray actinide charge spectrum derived from a 10 m2 array of solid state nuclear track detectors in Earth orbit. AN - 72226607; 11678152 AB - The DIAS-ESTEC Ultra Heavy Cosmic Ray Experiment (UHCRE) on the Long Duration Exposure Facility, collected approximately 3000 cosmic ray nuclei with Z > 65 in the energy region E > 1.5 GeV nucleon-1 during a six year exposure in Earth orbit. The entire accessible collecting area of the solid state nuclear track detector (SSNTD) array has been scanned for actinides, yielding a sample of 30 from an exposure of approximately 150 m2 sr yr. The UHCRE experimental setup is described and the observed charge spectrum presented. The current best value for the cosmic ray actinide relative abundance, (Z > 88)/(74 < or = Z < or = 87), is reported. c2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. JF - Radiation measurements AU - Donnelly, J AU - Thompson, A AU - O'Sullivan, D AU - Drury, L O AU - Wenzel, K P AD - Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies (DIAS), 5 Merrion Square, Dublin 2, Ireland. jd@cp.dias.ie Y1 - 2001/06// PY - 2001 DA - June 2001 SP - 273 EP - 276 VL - 34 IS - 1-6 SN - 1350-4487, 1350-4487 KW - Actinoid Series Elements KW - 0 KW - Polymers KW - lexan KW - 24936-68-3 KW - Space life sciences KW - unmanned KW - Flight Experiment KW - long duration KW - LDEF Project KW - Radiometry KW - Extraterrestrial Environment KW - Calibration KW - Space Flight -- instrumentation KW - Spacecraft -- instrumentation KW - Cosmic Radiation KW - Actinoid Series Elements -- analysis KW - Radiation Monitoring -- instrumentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72226607?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radiation+measurements&rft.atitle=The+cosmic+ray+actinide+charge+spectrum+derived+from+a+10+m2+array+of+solid+state+nuclear+track+detectors+in+Earth+orbit.&rft.au=Donnelly%2C+J%3BThompson%2C+A%3BO%27Sullivan%2C+D%3BDrury%2C+L+O%3BWenzel%2C+K+P&rft.aulast=Donnelly&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2001-06-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=1-6&rft.spage=273&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Radiation+measurements&rft.issn=13504487&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-12-07 N1 - Date created - 2001-10-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Plasma membrane NADH oxidase of maize roots responds to gravity and imposed centrifugal forces. AN - 71356540; 12033222 AB - NADH oxidase activities measured with excised roots of dark-grown maize (Zea mays) seedlings and with isolated plasma membrane vesicles from roots of dark-grown maize oscillated with a regular period length of 24 min and were inhibited by the synthetic auxin 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic [correction of dichorophenoxyacetic] acid. The activities also responded to orientation with respect to gravity and to imposed centrifugal forces. Turning the roots upside down resulted in stimulation of the activity with a lag of about 10 min. Returning the sections to the normal upright position resulted in a return to initial rates. The activity was stimulated reversibly to a maximum of about 2-fold with isolated plasma membrane vesicles, when subjected to centrifugal forces of 25 to 250 x g for 1 to 4 min duration. These findings are the first report of a gravity-responsive enzymatic activity of plant roots inhibited by auxin and potentially related to the gravity-induced growth response. c2001 Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS. JF - Plant physiology and biochemistry : PPB AU - Bacon, E AU - Morre, D J AD - Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-1333, USA. Y1 - 2001/06// PY - 2001 DA - June 2001 SP - 487 EP - 494 VL - 39 IS - 6 SN - 0981-9428, 0981-9428 KW - Herbicides KW - 0 KW - Multienzyme Complexes KW - 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid KW - 2577AQ9262 KW - NADH oxidase KW - EC 1.6.- KW - NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases KW - Space life sciences KW - NASA Discipline Cell Biology KW - Non-NASA Center KW - Centrifugation KW - Herbicides -- pharmacology KW - Plant Roots -- drug effects KW - Cell Membrane -- enzymology KW - Cell Membrane -- drug effects KW - 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid -- pharmacology KW - Plant Roots -- ultrastructure KW - Periodicity KW - Plant Roots -- enzymology KW - Multienzyme Complexes -- metabolism KW - Gravitation KW - Zea mays -- ultrastructure KW - NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases -- metabolism KW - Zea mays -- enzymology KW - Zea mays -- drug effects KW - Gravitropism -- drug effects KW - Hypergravity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71356540?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+physiology+and+biochemistry+%3A+PPB&rft.atitle=Plasma+membrane+NADH+oxidase+of+maize+roots+responds+to+gravity+and+imposed+centrifugal+forces.&rft.au=Bacon%2C+E%3BMorre%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Bacon&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2001-06-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=487&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+physiology+and+biochemistry+%3A+PPB&rft.issn=09819428&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-08-15 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Simulation of Space Shuttle neutron measurements with FLUKA. AN - 71294590; 11855415 AB - FLUKA is an integrated particle transport code that has enhanced multigroup low-energy neutron transport capability similar to the well-known MORSE transport code. Gammas are produced in groups but many important individual lines are specifically included, and subsequently transported by the main FLUKA routines which use a modified version of EGS4 for electromagnetic (EM) transport. Recoil protons are also transported by the primary FLUKA transport simulation. The neutron cross-section libraries employed within FLUKA were supplied by Giancarlo Panini (ENEA, Italy) based upon the most recent data from JEF-1, JEF-2.2, ENDF/B-VI, JENDL-3, etc. More than 60 different materials are included in the FLUKA databases with temperature ranges including down to cryogenic temperatures. This code has been used extensively to model the neutron environments near high-energy physics experiment shielding. A simulation of the Space Shuttle based upon a spherical aluminum equivalent shielding distribution has been performed with reasonable results. There are good prospects for extending this calculation to a more realistic 3-D geometrical representation of the Shuttle including an accurate representation of its composition, which is an essential ingredient for the improvement of the predictions. A proposed project to develop a combined analysis and simulation package based upon FLUKA and the analysis infrastructure provided by the ROOT software is under active consideration. The code to be developed for this project will be of direct application to the problem of simulating the neutron environment in space, including the albedo effects. c2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. JF - Radiation measurements AU - Pinsky, L AU - Carminati, F AU - Ferrari, A AD - Physics Department, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-5506, USA. pinsky@uh.edu Y1 - 2001/06// PY - 2001 DA - June 2001 SP - 335 EP - 339 VL - 33 IS - 3 SN - 1350-4487, 1350-4487 KW - Protons KW - 0 KW - Aluminum KW - CPD4NFA903 KW - Space life sciences KW - Phantoms, Imaging KW - Gamma Rays KW - Cosmic Radiation KW - Space Flight KW - Models, Theoretical KW - Neutrons KW - Software KW - Computer Simulation KW - Radiation Protection KW - Spacecraft KW - Monte Carlo Method UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71294590?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radiation+measurements&rft.atitle=Simulation+of+Space+Shuttle+neutron+measurements+with+FLUKA.&rft.au=Pinsky%2C+L%3BCarminati%2C+F%3BFerrari%2C+A&rft.aulast=Pinsky&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2001-06-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=335&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Radiation+measurements&rft.issn=13504487&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-05-29 N1 - Date created - 2002-02-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Neutron measurements onboard the space shuttle. AN - 71287492; 11852943 AB - The radiation environment inside a shielded volume is highly complex, consisting of both charged and neutral particles. Since the inception of human space flights, the charged particle component has received virtually all of the attention. There is however, a significant production of secondary neutrons, particularly from the aluminum structure in low earth orbiting spacecrafts. The interactions of galactic cosmic rays (GCR), and solar energetic particles with the earth's atmosphere produce a non-isotropic distribution of albedo neutrons. Inside any reasonable habitable module, the average radiation quality factor of neutrons is about 4-5 times larger than the corresponding average quality factor of charged particles. The measurement of neutrons and their energy spectra is a difficult problem due the intense sources of charged particles. This paper reviews the results of Shuttle flight experiments (made during both solar maximum and solar minimum) to measure the contribution of neutrons to the dose equivalent, as well as theoretical calculations to estimate the appropriate range of neutron energies that contribute most to the dose equivalent. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. JF - Radiation measurements AU - Badhwar, G D AU - Keith, J E AU - Cleghorn, T F AD - NASA Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, SN 2101 NASA Road 1, Houston, TX 77058-3696, USA. gautam.d.badhwar@jsc.nasa.gov Y1 - 2001/06// PY - 2001 DA - June 2001 SP - 235 EP - 241 VL - 33 IS - 3 SN - 1350-4487, 1350-4487 KW - Space life sciences KW - manned KW - NASA Discipline Radiation Health KW - Flight Experiment KW - NASA Center JSC KW - short duration KW - STS Shuttle Project KW - Thermoluminescent Dosimetry KW - Radiation Dosage KW - Solar Activity KW - Radiometry KW - Radiation Protection KW - Spacecraft -- instrumentation KW - Cosmic Radiation KW - Humans KW - Extraterrestrial Environment KW - Neutrons KW - Space Flight -- instrumentation KW - Radiation Monitoring -- instrumentation KW - Models, Theoretical UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71287492?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radiation+measurements&rft.atitle=Neutron+measurements+onboard+the+space+shuttle.&rft.au=Badhwar%2C+G+D%3BKeith%2C+J+E%3BCleghorn%2C+T+F&rft.aulast=Badhwar&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2001-06-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=235&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Radiation+measurements&rft.issn=13504487&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-05-29 N1 - Date created - 2002-02-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of personal neutron dosemeters at the PTB and first measurements in the space station MIR. AN - 71285612; 11855412 AB - A passive neutron dosemeter with thermoluminescence and etched-track detectors was used in the space station MIR in 1995 and 1997 and during some shuttle flights to MIR. High neutron doses of about 200 microSv d-1 were measured with track detectors, while the contribution of protons to the track density was estimated to be small. An active personal dosemeter based on silicon diodes providing a direct readout, improved sensitivity and spectrometric properties is proposed for additional monitoring. Firstly, measurements with a prototype were performed in the stray radiation fields of the CERN-EU Reference Radiation Facility. When mounted on a phantom at different positions, both the passive and the active dosemeter provide the directional distribution of neutrons via an unfolding procedure. This can be helpful for a better understanding of the complex radiation field in space and for comparisons with calculations. c2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. JF - Radiation measurements AU - Luszik-Bhadra, M AU - Matzke, M AU - Schuhmacher, H AD - Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany. marlies.luszik-bhadra@ptb.de Y1 - 2001/06// PY - 2001 DA - June 2001 SP - 305 EP - 312 VL - 33 IS - 3 SN - 1350-4487, 1350-4487 KW - CR 39 KW - 25656-90-0 KW - Polyethylene Glycols KW - 30IQX730WE KW - Silicon KW - Z4152N8IUI KW - Space life sciences KW - manned KW - Soyuz Project KW - Flight Experiment KW - Mir Project KW - short duration KW - long duration KW - STS Shuttle Project KW - Phantoms, Imaging KW - Radiation Dosage KW - Humans KW - Extraterrestrial Environment KW - Calibration KW - Spacecraft KW - Fast Neutrons KW - Neutrons KW - Thermoluminescent Dosimetry -- instrumentation KW - Space Flight -- instrumentation KW - Film Dosimetry -- instrumentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71285612?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radiation+measurements&rft.atitle=Development+of+personal+neutron+dosemeters+at+the+PTB+and+first+measurements+in+the+space+station+MIR.&rft.au=Luszik-Bhadra%2C+M%3BMatzke%2C+M%3BSchuhmacher%2C+H&rft.aulast=Luszik-Bhadra&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2001-06-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=305&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Radiation+measurements&rft.issn=13504487&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-05-29 N1 - Date created - 2002-02-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Proportional counter as neutron detector. AN - 71285566; 11855407 AB - A technique to separate out the dose, and lineal energy spectra of neutrons and charged particles is described. It is based on using two proportional counters, one with a wall, and the other with similar characteristics but wall made from a non-hydrogen containing material. Results of a calibration in a neutron field are also shown. c2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. JF - Radiation measurements AU - Braby, L A AU - Badhwar, G D AD - Texas A&M University, Physics Department, College Station, TX 77843-3133, USA. Y1 - 2001/06// PY - 2001 DA - June 2001 SP - 265 EP - 267 VL - 33 IS - 3 SN - 1350-4487, 1350-4487 KW - Protons KW - 0 KW - Space life sciences KW - NASA Discipline Radiation Health KW - NASA Center JSC KW - Radiation Dosage KW - Heavy Ions KW - Radiometry KW - Gamma Rays KW - Calibration KW - Neutrons KW - Elementary Particle Interactions KW - Fast Neutrons KW - Radiation Monitoring -- instrumentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71285566?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radiation+measurements&rft.atitle=Proportional+counter+as+neutron+detector.&rft.au=Braby%2C+L+A%3BBadhwar%2C+G+D&rft.aulast=Braby&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2001-06-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=265&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Radiation+measurements&rft.issn=13504487&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-05-29 N1 - Date created - 2002-02-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Predictions of secondary neutrons and their importance to radiation effects inside the International Space Station. AN - 71284785; 11852942 AB - As part of a study funded by NASA MSFC to assess thecontribution of secondary particles in producing radiation damage to optoelectronics devices located on the International Space Station (IS), Monte Carlo calculations have been made to predict secondary spectra vs. shielding inside ISS modules and in electronics boxes attached on the truss (Armstrong and Colborn, 1998). The calculations take into account secondary neutron, proton, and charged pion production from the ambient galactic cosmic-ray (GCR) proton, trapped proton, and neutron albedo environments. Comparisons of the predicted neutron spectra with measurments made on the Mir space station and other spacecraft have also been made (Armstrong and Colborn, 1998). In this paper, some initial results from folding the predicted neutron spectrum inside ISS modules from Armstrong and Colborn (1998) with several types of radiation effects response functions related to electronics damage and astronaut-dose are given. These results provide an estimate of the practical importance of neutrons compared to protons in assessing radiation effects for the ISS. Also, the important neutron energy ranges for producing these effects have been estimated, which provides guidance for onboard neutron measurement requirements. JF - Radiation measurements AU - Armstrong, T W AU - Colborn, B L AD - Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC), Prospect TN 38477, USA. Y1 - 2001/06// PY - 2001 DA - June 2001 SP - 229 EP - 234 VL - 33 IS - 3 SN - 1350-4487, 1350-4487 KW - Protons KW - 0 KW - Space life sciences KW - Radiation Dosage KW - Mesons KW - Elementary Particle Interactions KW - Cosmic Radiation KW - Humans KW - Extraterrestrial Environment KW - Electronics KW - Neutrons KW - Radiation Protection KW - Spacecraft KW - Monte Carlo Method KW - Models, Theoretical UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71284785?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radiation+measurements&rft.atitle=Predictions+of+secondary+neutrons+and+their+importance+to+radiation+effects+inside+the+International+Space+Station.&rft.au=Armstrong%2C+T+W%3BColborn%2C+B+L&rft.aulast=Armstrong&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2001-06-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=229&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Radiation+measurements&rft.issn=13504487&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-05-29 N1 - Date created - 2002-02-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Real-time measurement of low-energy-range neutron spectra on board the space shuttle STS-89 (S/MM-8). AN - 71282913; 11855414 AB - We have developed a real-time, Bonner Ball-type (neutron energy range is from thermal to 15 MeV) neutron spectral measurement system (Bonner Ball Neutron Detector (BBND)) for use on board the International Space Station (ISS). From measurements taken inside STS-89 (S/MM-8), we successfully distinguished neutrons from protons and other particles in a mixed radiation field; a task hitherto considered difficult. Although the experimental period was short, only 3.5 days (January 24-27, 1998), we were able to obtain energy spectral data and the Earth's neutron dose-equivalent map for the ISS orbital conditions (altitude 400 km, orbit inclination angle 51.6 degrees). A method for calculating the neutron energy spectrum and compensating for the particle interaction with the sensors is also described in detail. c2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. JF - Radiation measurements AU - Matsumoto, H AU - Goka, T AU - Koga, K AU - Iwai, S AU - Uehara, T AU - Sato, O AU - Takagi, S AD - National Space Development Agency of Japan, Tsukuba Space Center, Office of Research and Development 2-1-1 Sengen, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8505, Japan. matsumoto.haruhisa@nasda.go.jp Y1 - 2001/06// PY - 2001 DA - June 2001 SP - 321 EP - 333 VL - 33 IS - 3 SN - 1350-4487, 1350-4487 KW - Protons KW - 0 KW - Polyethylene KW - 9002-88-4 KW - Gadolinium KW - AU0V1LM3JT KW - Aluminum KW - CPD4NFA903 KW - Space life sciences KW - manned KW - Flight Experiment KW - Mir Project KW - short duration KW - long duration KW - STS-89 Shuttle Project KW - Evaluation Studies as Topic KW - Radiation Dosage KW - South America KW - Solar Activity KW - Elementary Particle Interactions KW - Elementary Particles KW - Monte Carlo Method KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Neutrons KW - Space Flight -- instrumentation KW - Spacecraft -- instrumentation KW - Fast Neutrons KW - Radiation Monitoring -- instrumentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71282913?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radiation+measurements&rft.atitle=Real-time+measurement+of+low-energy-range+neutron+spectra+on+board+the+space+shuttle+STS-89+%28S%2FMM-8%29.&rft.au=Matsumoto%2C+H%3BGoka%2C+T%3BKoga%2C+K%3BIwai%2C+S%3BUehara%2C+T%3BSato%2C+O%3BTakagi%2C+S&rft.aulast=Matsumoto&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2001-06-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=321&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Radiation+measurements&rft.issn=13504487&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-05-29 N1 - Date created - 2002-02-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measurements of the high energy neutron component of cosmic radiation fields in aircraft using etched track dosemeters. AN - 71282845; 11852944 AB - Measurements of the complex cosmic radiation field in aircraft at altitude are made with a passive survey meter comprising routine-use thermoluminescent detectors and etched track detectors. The energy dependence of response of the etched track detectors used to determine the neutron component has been characterized, partly, up to a neutron energy of 180 MeV. The neutron detectors are routinely calibrated in the CERN/EC Reference Field. The 15% determination level for total dose equivalent is 100 microSv. The evidence is that the passive survey meter provides a reliable determination of route dose. c2001 National Radiological Protection Board. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. JF - Radiation measurements AU - Bartlett, D T AU - Hager, L G AU - Tanner, R J AU - Steele, J D AD - National Radiological Protection Board, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0RQ, UK. Y1 - 2001/06// PY - 2001 DA - June 2001 SP - 243 EP - 253 VL - 33 IS - 3 SN - 1350-4487, 1350-4487 KW - Glycols KW - 0 KW - diallyl glycol carbonate KW - AJ5T8CR88I KW - Space life sciences KW - Thermoluminescent Dosimetry KW - Radiation Dosage KW - Radiometry KW - Humans KW - Calibration KW - Linear Energy Transfer KW - Neutrons KW - Aviation -- standards KW - Cosmic Radiation KW - Aircraft -- instrumentation KW - Radiation Monitoring -- instrumentation KW - Radiation Protection -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71282845?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radiation+measurements&rft.atitle=Measurements+of+the+high+energy+neutron+component+of+cosmic+radiation+fields+in+aircraft+using+etched+track+dosemeters.&rft.au=Bartlett%2C+D+T%3BHager%2C+L+G%3BTanner%2C+R+J%3BSteele%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Bartlett&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2001-06-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=243&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Radiation+measurements&rft.issn=13504487&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-05-29 N1 - Date created - 2002-02-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Overview of ground-based neutron measurements applicable to GCR and SPE transport through shielding materials in space. AN - 71281248; 11855408 JF - Radiation measurements AU - Heilbronn, L AU - Townsend, L W AD - Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley CA 94720 USA. Y1 - 2001/06// PY - 2001 DA - June 2001 SP - 269 EP - 273 VL - 33 IS - 3 SN - 1350-4487, 1350-4487 KW - Protons KW - 0 KW - Space life sciences KW - Radiation Dosage KW - Solar Activity KW - Radiometry KW - Radiation Protection KW - Elementary Particle Interactions KW - Cosmic Radiation KW - Neutrons KW - Heavy Ions KW - Space Flight -- instrumentation KW - Radiation Monitoring KW - Models, Theoretical UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71281248?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radiation+measurements&rft.atitle=Overview+of+ground-based+neutron+measurements+applicable+to+GCR+and+SPE+transport+through+shielding+materials+in+space.&rft.au=Heilbronn%2C+L%3BTownsend%2C+L+W&rft.aulast=Heilbronn&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2001-06-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=269&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Radiation+measurements&rft.issn=13504487&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-05-29 N1 - Date created - 2002-02-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Neutron dosimetry in low-earth orbit using passive detectors. AN - 71281149; 11852945 AB - This paper summarizes neutron dosimetry measurements made by the USF Physics Research Laboratory aboard US and Russian LEO spacecraft over the past 20 years using two types of passive detector. Thermal/resonance neutron detectors exploiting the 6Li(n,T) alpha reaction were used to measure neutrons of energies 1 MeV ranged from 4.5 microSv/d on the low altitude STS-3 mission to 172 microSv/d on the ~6 year LDEF mission. Thermal neutrons (1 MeV and, on LDEF, neutrons >1 MeV are responsible for over 98% of the total neutron dose equivalent. Estimates of the neutron contribution to the total dose equivalent are somewhat lower than model estimates, ranging from 5.7% at a location under low shielding on LDEF to 18.4% on the highly inclined (82.3 degrees) Biocosmos-2044 mission. c2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. JF - Radiation measurements AU - Benton, E R AU - Benton, E V AU - Frank, A L AD - Eril Research, Inc., P.O. Box 150788, San Rafael, CA 94915-0788, USA. Y1 - 2001/06// PY - 2001 DA - June 2001 SP - 255 EP - 263 VL - 33 IS - 3 SN - 1350-4487, 1350-4487 KW - Lithium Compounds KW - 0 KW - Metals, Heavy KW - lithium fluoride KW - 1485XST65B KW - Fluorides KW - Q80VPU408O KW - Space life sciences KW - manned KW - NASA Discipline Radiation Health KW - unmanned KW - Flight Experiment KW - Mir Project KW - Cosmos Project KW - short duration KW - long duration KW - LDEF Project KW - Non-NASA Center KW - STS Shuttle Project KW - Thermoluminescent Dosimetry KW - Radiation Dosage KW - Radiometry KW - Humans KW - Fast Neutrons KW - Neutrons KW - Space Flight -- instrumentation KW - Spacecraft -- instrumentation KW - Radiation Monitoring -- instrumentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71281149?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radiation+measurements&rft.atitle=Neutron+dosimetry+in+low-earth+orbit+using+passive+detectors.&rft.au=Benton%2C+E+R%3BBenton%2C+E+V%3BFrank%2C+A+L&rft.aulast=Benton&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2001-06-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=255&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Radiation+measurements&rft.issn=13504487&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-05-29 N1 - Date created - 2002-02-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An application of artificial neural intelligence for personal dose assessment using a multi-area OSL dosimetry system. AN - 71281068; 11855411 AB - Significant advances have been made in recent years to improve measurement technology and performance of phosphor materials in the fields of optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dosimetry. Pulsed and continuous wave OSL studies recently carried out on alpha-Al2O3:C have shown that the material seems to be the most promising for routine application of OSL for dosimetric purposes. The main objective of the study is to propose a new personal dosimetry system using alpha-Al2O3:C by taking advantage of its optical properties and energy dependencies. In the process of the study, a new dose assessment algorithm was developed using artificial neural networks in hopes of achieving a higher degree of accuracy and precision in personal OSL dosimetry system. The original hypothesis of this work is that the spectral information of X- and gamma-ray fields may be obtained by the analysis of the response of a multi-element system. In this study, a feedforward neural network using the error back-propagation method with Bayesian optimization was applied for the response unfolding procedure. The validation of the proposed algorithm was investigated by unfolding the 10 measured responses of alpha-Al2O3:C for arbitrarily mixed photon fields which range from 20 to 662 keV. c2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. JF - Radiation measurements AU - Lee, S Y AU - Kim, B H AU - Lee, K J AD - Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, P.O. Box 105, Yusung, Taejon 305-600, South Korea. monte@kaeri.re.kr Y1 - 2001/06// PY - 2001 DA - June 2001 SP - 293 EP - 304 VL - 33 IS - 3 SN - 1350-4487, 1350-4487 KW - Polyethylene Terephthalates KW - 0 KW - Polymers KW - Lavsan KW - 25038-59-9 KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Copper KW - 789U1901C5 KW - Polytetrafluoroethylene KW - 9002-84-0 KW - Aluminum Oxide KW - LMI26O6933 KW - Space life sciences KW - Evaluation Studies as Topic KW - Radiation Dosage KW - Equipment Design KW - Photons KW - Gamma Rays KW - Humans KW - Neural Networks (Computer) KW - Film Dosimetry -- instrumentation KW - Bayes Theorem KW - Algorithms KW - Luminescence KW - Film Dosimetry -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71281068?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radiation+measurements&rft.atitle=An+application+of+artificial+neural+intelligence+for+personal+dose+assessment+using+a+multi-area+OSL+dosimetry+system.&rft.au=Lee%2C+S+Y%3BKim%2C+B+H%3BLee%2C+K+J&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2001-06-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=293&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Radiation+measurements&rft.issn=13504487&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-05-29 N1 - Date created - 2002-02-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of the fiber neutron monitor for the energy range 15-100 MeV on the International Space Station (ISS). AN - 71281024; 11855410 AB - In order to investigate the space environment, a new neutron monitor has been prepared. The sensor consists of scintillation fibers (FIB) and will be on board the exposed facility of the Japanese Experimental module (Kibo) of the International Space Station (ISS). The sensor is one of the instruments which measures the particle and plasma environment around the ISS. The sensor will be used by the cosmonauts who work on the ISS, to help them avoid a strong particle radiation which may arrive soon. We believe that such an alert is necessary for the cosmonauts to prevent unnecessary radiation from the sun. Furthermore, the sensor will be very useful in understanding the particle acceleration mechanism at the solar surface. The design of the Engineering Model (EM) was finished and its properties were investigated. This report discusses these results. c2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. JF - Radiation measurements AU - Koga, K AU - Goka, T AU - Matsumoto, H AU - Muraki, Y AU - Masuda, K AU - Matsubara, Y AD - National Space Development Agency of Japan (NASDA), Tsukuba Space Center, 2-1-1 Sengen, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki-ken, 305-8505, Japan. koga.kiyokazu@nasda.go.jp Y1 - 2001/06// PY - 2001 DA - June 2001 SP - 287 EP - 291 VL - 33 IS - 3 SN - 1350-4487, 1350-4487 KW - Protons KW - 0 KW - Space life sciences KW - Equipment Design KW - Radiation Protection KW - Scintillation Counting KW - Extraterrestrial Environment KW - Neutrons KW - Space Flight -- instrumentation KW - Fiber Optic Technology KW - Spacecraft -- instrumentation KW - Radiation Monitoring -- instrumentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71281024?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radiation+measurements&rft.atitle=Development+of+the+fiber+neutron+monitor+for+the+energy+range+15-100+MeV+on+the+International+Space+Station+%28ISS%29.&rft.au=Koga%2C+K%3BGoka%2C+T%3BMatsumoto%2C+H%3BMuraki%2C+Y%3BMasuda%2C+K%3BMatsubara%2C+Y&rft.aulast=Koga&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2001-06-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=287&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Radiation+measurements&rft.issn=13504487&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-05-29 N1 - Date created - 2002-02-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Russian measurements of neutron energy spectra on the Mir orbital station. AN - 71278616; 11855413 AB - Results of the experiments on neutron energy spectra measurements within broad energy range from 5 x 10(-7) to 2 x 10(2) MeV aboard the Mir orbital station and equivalent neutron dose estimation are presented. Four measurement techniques were used during the experiments. The shape of spectra and their absolute values are in good agreement. According to those experiments, an equivalent neutron dose depends upon effective shielding thickness and spacecraft mass. The neutron dose mentioned is comparable with that of ionizing radiation. Neutron flux levels measured aboard the Mir station have shown that a neutron spectrometer involving broad energy range will be used within the radiation monitoring systems in manned space flights. c2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. JF - Radiation measurements AU - Lyagushin, V I AU - Dudkin, V E AU - Potapov, Y V AU - Sevastianov, V D AD - Korolev Rocket Space Corporation Energia, Korolev, Moscow Region, Russia. post2@rsce.ru Y1 - 2001/06// PY - 2001 DA - June 2001 SP - 313 EP - 319 VL - 33 IS - 3 SN - 1350-4487, 1350-4487 KW - Space life sciences KW - manned KW - Flight Experiment KW - Mir Project KW - long duration KW - Radiation Dosage KW - Radiation Protection KW - Humans KW - Extraterrestrial Environment KW - Russia KW - Fast Neutrons KW - Neutrons KW - Radiation Monitoring -- methods KW - Space Flight -- instrumentation KW - Spacecraft -- instrumentation KW - Radiation Monitoring -- instrumentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71278616?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radiation+measurements&rft.atitle=Russian+measurements+of+neutron+energy+spectra+on+the+Mir+orbital+station.&rft.au=Lyagushin%2C+V+I%3BDudkin%2C+V+E%3BPotapov%2C+Y+V%3BSevastianov%2C+V+D&rft.aulast=Lyagushin&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=2001-06-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=313&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Radiation+measurements&rft.issn=13504487&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-05-29 N1 - Date created - 2002-02-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Neutron measurements using bubble detectors--terrestrial and space. AN - 71278567; 11855409 AB - Like all other radiation monitors currently used in the space program, the bubble detector (which has flown on several missions) was adapted from a technology that was developed for terrestrial radiation. Bubble detectors are the most recent technology for applications in personal neutron dosimetry. They are now regarded as a mature technology and are used in many countries as a neutron dosimeter of record with approval from the respective regulatory authorities. Extensive type testing and QA of bubble detectors has been done by numerous groups, many of these to show that bubble detectors meet national radiation protection requirements prior to their acceptance as a dosimeter of record. In fact, it has been stated "Only bubble detectors achieve a sufficiently low detection threshold (to meet ICRP-60 recommendations)..." (Portal and Dietze, 1992). JF - Radiation measurements AU - Ing, H AD - Bubble Technology Industries Inc., Highway 17, Box 100, Chalk River, Ont., Canada. mailroom@bubbletech.ca Y1 - 2001/06// PY - 2001 DA - June 2001 SP - 275 EP - 286 VL - 33 IS - 3 SN - 1350-4487, 1350-4487 KW - Space life sciences KW - manned KW - unmanned KW - Flight Experiment KW - Mir Project KW - Cosmos Project KW - short duration KW - long duration KW - STS Shuttle Project KW - Radiation Dosage KW - Equipment Design KW - Radiometry KW - Spacecraft -- instrumentation KW - Extraterrestrial Environment KW - Calibration KW - Neutrons KW - Space Flight -- instrumentation KW - Radiation Monitoring -- instrumentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71278567?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radiation+measurements&rft.atitle=Neutron+measurements+using+bubble+detectors--terrestrial+and+space.&rft.au=Ing%2C+H&rft.aulast=Ing&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2001-06-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=275&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Radiation+measurements&rft.issn=13504487&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-05-29 N1 - Date created - 2002-02-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Microbial contamination of spacecraft. AN - 71269533; 11865864 AB - Spacecraft and space habitats supporting human exploration contain a diverse population of microorganisms. Microorganisms may threaten human habitation in many ways that directly or indirectly impact the health, safety, or performance of astronauts. The ability to produce and maintain spacecraft and space stations with environments suitable for human habitation has been established over 40 years of human space flight. An extensive database of environmental microbiological parameters has been provided for short-term (< 20 days) space flight by more than 100 missions aboard the Space Shuttle. The NASA Mir Program provided similar data for long-duration missions. Interestingly, the major bacterial and fungal species found in the Space Shuttle are similar to those encountered in the nearly 15-year-old Mir. Lessons learned from both the US and Russian space programs have been incorporated into the habitability plan for the International Space Station. The focus is on preventive measures developed for spacecraft, cargo, and crews. On-orbit regular housekeeping practices complete with visual inspections are essential, along with microbiological monitoring. Risks associated with extended stays on the Moon or a Mars exploration mission will be much greater than previous experiences because of additional unknown variables. The current knowledge base is insufficient for exploration missions, and research is essential to understand the effects of space flight on biological functions and population dynamics of microorganisms in spacecraft. Equally important is a better understanding of the immune response and of human-microorganism-environment interactions during long-term space habitation. JF - Gravitational and space biology bulletin : publication of the American Society for Gravitational and Space Biology AU - Pierson, D L AD - NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA. duane.l.pierson1@jsc.nasa.gov Y1 - 2001/06// PY - 2001 DA - June 2001 SP - 1 EP - 6 VL - 14 IS - 2 SN - 1089-988X, 1089-988X KW - Space life sciences KW - manned KW - Flight Experiment KW - Mir Project KW - NASA Center JSC KW - short duration KW - long duration KW - NASA Discipline Environmental Health KW - STS Shuttle Project KW - Humans KW - Communicable Disease Control KW - Environmental Monitoring -- standards KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Air Microbiology KW - Spacecraft KW - Water Microbiology KW - Fungi -- classification KW - Space Flight KW - Bacteria -- isolation & purification KW - Bacteria -- classification KW - Fungi -- isolation & purification KW - Weightlessness KW - Environmental Microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71269533?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gravitational+and+space+biology+bulletin+%3A+publication+of+the+American+Society+for+Gravitational+and+Space+Biology&rft.atitle=Microbial+contamination+of+spacecraft.&rft.au=Pierson%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Pierson&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2001-06-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Gravitational+and+space+biology+bulletin+%3A+publication+of+the+American+Society+for+Gravitational+and+Space+Biology&rft.issn=1089988X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-04-10 N1 - Date created - 2002-02-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - HZETRN: neutron and proton production in quasi-elastic scattering of GCR heavy-ions. AN - 71266203; 11855417 AB - The development of transport models for radiation shielding design and evaluation has provided a series of deterministic computer codes that describe galactic cosmic radiation (GCR), solar particle events, and experimental beams at particle accelerators. These codes continue to be modified to accommodate new theory and improvements to the particle interaction database (Cucinotta et al., 1994, NASA Technical Paper 3472, US Government Printing Office, Washington DC). The solution employed by the heavy-ion transport code HZETRN was derived with the assumption that nuclear fragments are emitted with the same velocity as the incident ion through velocity conserving nuclear interactions. This paper presents a version of the HZETRN transport code that provides a more realistic distribution of the energy of protons and neutrons emitted from GCR interactions in shields. This study shows that the expected GCR dose equivalent is lower than previously calculated for water shields that are less than 110 g cm-2 thick. Calculations of neutron energy spectra in low Earth orbit indicate substantial contributions from relativistic neutrons. c2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reseved. JF - Radiation measurements AU - Shavers, M R AU - Cucinotta, F A AU - Wilson, J W AD - Loma Linda University Radiobiology Program, 11175 Campus Street, CSP A-1010 Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA. mshavers@ems.jsc.nasa.gov Y1 - 2001/06// PY - 2001 DA - June 2001 SP - 347 EP - 353 VL - 33 IS - 3 SN - 1350-4487, 1350-4487 KW - Protons KW - 0 KW - Water KW - 059QF0KO0R KW - Space life sciences KW - NASA Discipline Radiation Health KW - NASA Center LaRC KW - Radiation Dosage KW - Scattering, Radiation KW - Computer Simulation KW - Elementary Particle Interactions KW - Elementary Particles KW - Mathematics KW - Neutrons KW - Heavy Ions KW - Radiation Protection KW - Cosmic Radiation KW - Models, Theoretical UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71266203?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radiation+measurements&rft.atitle=HZETRN%3A+neutron+and+proton+production+in+quasi-elastic+scattering+of+GCR+heavy-ions.&rft.au=Shavers%2C+M+R%3BCucinotta%2C+F+A%3BWilson%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Shavers&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2001-06-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=347&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Radiation+measurements&rft.issn=13504487&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-05-29 N1 - Date created - 2002-02-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measurements of LET-distribution, dose equivalent and quality factor with the RRMD-III on the Space Shuttle Missions STS-84, -89 and -91. AN - 71264929; 11855421 AB - Dosimetric measurements on the Space Shuttle Missions STS-84, -89 and -91 have been made by the real-time radiation monitoring device III (RRMD-III). Simultaneously, another dosimetry measurement was made by the Dosimetry Telescope (DOSTEL) on STS-84 and by the tissue-equivalent proportional counter (TEPC) on STS-91. First, the RRMD-III instrument is described in detail and its results summarized. Then, the results of DOSTEL and TEPC are compared with those of the RRMD-III. Also, the absorbed doses obtained by TLD (Mg2SiO4) and by RRMD-III on board STS-84 and -91 are compared. c2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. JF - Radiation measurements AU - Doke, T AU - Hayashi, T AU - Kikuchi, J AU - Sakaguchi, T AU - Terasawa, K AU - Yoshihira, E AU - Nagaoka, S AU - Nakano, T AU - Takahashi, S AD - Advanced Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Kikui-cho-17, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0044, Japan. tdoke@mn.waseda.ac.jp Y1 - 2001/06// PY - 2001 DA - June 2001 SP - 373 EP - 387 VL - 33 IS - 3 SN - 1350-4487, 1350-4487 KW - Protons KW - 0 KW - Silicon KW - Z4152N8IUI KW - Space life sciences KW - manned KW - STS-84 Shuttle Project KW - STS-91 Shuttle Project KW - Flight Experiment KW - short duration KW - STS-89 Shuttle Project KW - Radiation Dosage KW - South America KW - Relative Biological Effectiveness KW - Solar Activity KW - Spacecraft -- instrumentation KW - Time Factors KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Radiation Monitoring -- methods KW - Space Flight -- instrumentation KW - Cosmic Radiation KW - Linear Energy Transfer KW - Radiation Monitoring -- instrumentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71264929?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radiation+measurements&rft.atitle=Measurements+of+LET-distribution%2C+dose+equivalent+and+quality+factor+with+the+RRMD-III+on+the+Space+Shuttle+Missions+STS-84%2C+-89+and+-91.&rft.au=Doke%2C+T%3BHayashi%2C+T%3BKikuchi%2C+J%3BSakaguchi%2C+T%3BTerasawa%2C+K%3BYoshihira%2C+E%3BNagaoka%2C+S%3BNakano%2C+T%3BTakahashi%2C+S&rft.aulast=Doke&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2001-06-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=373&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Radiation+measurements&rft.issn=13504487&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-05-29 N1 - Date created - 2002-02-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Neutron dosimetric measurements in shuttle and MIR. AN - 71264892; 11855416 AB - Detector packages consisting of thermoluminescence detectors (TLD), nuclear emulsions and plastic track detectors were exposed at identical positions inside MIR space station and on shuttle flights inside Spacelab and Spacehab during different phases of the solar cycle. The objectives of the investigations are to provide data on charge and energy spectra of heavy ions, and the contribution of events with low-energy deposit (protons, electrons, gamma, etc.) to the dose, as well as the contribution of secondaries, such as nuclear disintegration stars and neutrons. For neutron dosimetry 6LiF (TLD600) and 7LiF (TLD700) chips were used both of which have almost the same response to gamma rays but different response to neutrons. Neutrons in space are produced mainly in evaporation and knock-on processes with energies mainly of 1-10 MeV and up to several 100 MeV, respectively. The energy spectrum undergoes continuous changes toward greater depth in the attenuating material until an equilibrium is reached. In equilibrium, the spectrum is a wide continuum extending down to thermal energies to which the 6LiF is sensitive. Based on the difference of absorbed doses in the 6LiF and 7LiF chips, thermal neutron fluxes from 1 to 2.3 cm-2 s-1 are calculated using the assumption that the maximum induced dose in TLD600 for 1 neutron cm-2 is 1.6 x 10(-10) Gy (Horowitz and Freeman, Nucl. Instr. and Meth. 157 (1978) 393). It is assumed that the flux of high-energy neutrons is at least of that quantity. Tissue doses were calculated taking as a mean ambient absorbed dose per neutron 6 x10(-12) Gy cm2 (for a10 MeV neutron). The neutron equivalent doses for the above-mentioned fluxes are 52 micro Gy d-1 and 120 micro Gy d-1. In recent experiments, a personal neutron dosimeter was integrated into the dosimeter packages. First results of this dosimeter which is based on nuclear track detectors with converter foils are reported. For future measurements, a scintillator counter with anticoincidence logic is under development. c2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. JF - Radiation measurements AU - Reitz, G AD - DLR, Institut für Luft- und Raumfahrtmedizin, Abteilung Strahlenbiologie, Linder Hohe, D-51140 Köln, Germany. Y1 - 2001/06// PY - 2001 DA - June 2001 SP - 341 EP - 346 VL - 33 IS - 3 SN - 1350-4487, 1350-4487 KW - Lithium Compounds KW - 0 KW - lithium fluoride KW - 1485XST65B KW - CR 39 KW - 25656-90-0 KW - Polyethylene Glycols KW - 30IQX730WE KW - Fluorides KW - Q80VPU408O KW - Space life sciences KW - manned KW - Flight Experiment KW - Mir Project KW - short duration KW - long duration KW - STS Shuttle Project KW - Radiation Dosage KW - Heavy Ions KW - Solar Activity KW - Radiometry KW - Gamma Rays KW - Elementary Particle Interactions KW - Cosmic Radiation KW - Humans KW - Neutrons KW - Thermoluminescent Dosimetry -- methods KW - Thermoluminescent Dosimetry -- instrumentation KW - Radiation Monitoring -- methods KW - Space Flight -- instrumentation KW - Spacecraft -- instrumentation KW - Radiation Monitoring -- instrumentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71264892?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radiation+measurements&rft.atitle=Neutron+dosimetric+measurements+in+shuttle+and+MIR.&rft.au=Reitz%2C+G&rft.aulast=Reitz&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2001-06-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=341&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Radiation+measurements&rft.issn=13504487&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-05-29 N1 - Date created - 2002-02-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Radiation dose from reentrant electrons. AN - 71264131; 11855420 AB - In estimating the crew exposures during an extra vehicular activity (EVA), the contribution of reentrant electrons has always been neglected. Although the flux of these electrons is small compared to the flux of trapped electrons, their energy spectrum extends to several GeV compared to about 7 MeV for trapped electrons. This is also true of splash electrons. Using the measured reentrant electron energy spectra, it is shown that the dose contribution of these electrons to the blood forming organs (BFO) is more that 10 times greater than that from the trapped electrons. The calculations also show that the dose-depth response is a very slowly changing function of depth, and thus adding reasonable amounts of additional shielding would not significantly lower the dose to BFO. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. JF - Radiation measurements AU - Badhwar, G D AU - Watts, J AU - Cleghorn, T E AD - NASA Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, SN, 2101 NASA Road 1 Houston, TX 77058-3696, USA. gautam.d.badhwar@jsc.nasa.gov Y1 - 2001/06// PY - 2001 DA - June 2001 SP - 369 EP - 372 VL - 33 IS - 3 SN - 1350-4487, 1350-4487 KW - Space life sciences KW - NASA Discipline Radiation Health KW - NASA Center JSC KW - Radiation Dosage KW - Skin -- radiation effects KW - Photons KW - Astronauts KW - Cosmic Radiation KW - Humans KW - Extraterrestrial Environment KW - Space Suits KW - Aerospace Medicine KW - Radiation Monitoring KW - Eye -- radiation effects KW - Extravehicular Activity KW - Electrons KW - Radiation Protection KW - Space Flight KW - Hematopoietic System -- radiation effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71264131?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radiation+measurements&rft.atitle=Radiation+dose+from+reentrant+electrons.&rft.au=Badhwar%2C+G+D%3BWatts%2C+J%3BCleghorn%2C+T+E&rft.aulast=Badhwar&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2001-06-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=369&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Radiation+measurements&rft.issn=13504487&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-05-29 N1 - Date created - 2002-02-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimation of neutron and other radiation exposure components in low earth orbit. AN - 71263431; 11855418 AB - The interaction of high-energy space radiation with spacecraft materials generates a host of secondary particles, some, such as neutrons, are more biologically damaging and penetrating than the original primary particles. Before committing astronauts to long term exposure in such high radiation environments, a quantitative understanding of the exposure and estimates of the associated risks are required. Energetic neutrons are traditionally difficult to measure due to their neutral charge. Measurement methods have been limited by mass and weight requirements in space to nuclear emulsion, activation foils, a limited number of Bonner spheres, and TEPCs. Such measurements have had limited success in quantifying the neutron component relative to the charged components. We will show that a combination of computational models and experimental measurements can be used as a quantitative tool to evaluate the radiation environment within the Shuttle, including neutrons. Comparisons with space measurements are made with special emphasis on neutron sensitive and insensitive devices. c2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. JF - Radiation measurements AU - Singleterry, R C AU - Badavi, F F AU - Shinn, J L AU - Cucinotta, F A AU - Badhwar, G D AU - Clowdsley, M S AU - Heinbockel, J H AU - Wilson, J W AU - Atwell, W AU - Beaujean, R AU - Kopp, J AU - Reitz, G AD - NASA Langley Research Center, 8 West Taylor Street, MS 188B, Hampton, VA 23681, USA. r.c.singleterry@larc.nasa.gov Y1 - 2001/06// PY - 2001 DA - June 2001 SP - 355 EP - 360 VL - 33 IS - 3 SN - 1350-4487, 1350-4487 KW - CR 39 KW - 25656-90-0 KW - Polyethylene Glycols KW - 30IQX730WE KW - Space life sciences KW - manned KW - STS-36 Shuttle Project KW - STS-31 Shuttle Project KW - NASA Discipline Radiation Health KW - STS-57 Shuttle Project KW - Flight Experiment KW - NASA Center JSC KW - NASA Center LaRC KW - short duration KW - Risk KW - Solar Activity KW - Radiometry KW - Astronauts KW - Humans KW - Extraterrestrial Environment KW - Semiconductors KW - Spacecraft KW - Linear Energy Transfer KW - Neutrons KW - Radiation Protection KW - Cosmic Radiation KW - Radiation Monitoring -- instrumentation KW - Models, Theoretical UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71263431?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radiation+measurements&rft.atitle=Estimation+of+neutron+and+other+radiation+exposure+components+in+low+earth+orbit.&rft.au=Singleterry%2C+R+C%3BBadavi%2C+F+F%3BShinn%2C+J+L%3BCucinotta%2C+F+A%3BBadhwar%2C+G+D%3BClowdsley%2C+M+S%3BHeinbockel%2C+J+H%3BWilson%2C+J+W%3BAtwell%2C+W%3BBeaujean%2C+R%3BKopp%2C+J%3BReitz%2C+G&rft.aulast=Singleterry&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2001-06-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=355&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Radiation+measurements&rft.issn=13504487&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-05-29 N1 - Date created - 2002-02-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Validation of the galactic cosmic ray and geomagnetic transmission models. AN - 71262944; 11855419 AB - A very high-momentum resolution particle spectrometer called the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) was flown in the payload bay of the Space Shuttle in a 51.65 degrees x 380-km orbit during the last solar minimum. This spectrometer has provided the first high statistics data set for galactic cosmic radiation protons, and helium, as well as limited spectral data on carbon and oxygen nuclei in the International Space Station orbit. First measurements of the albedo protons at this inclination were also made. Because of the high-momentum resolution and high statistics, the data can be separated as a function of magnetic latitude. A related investigation, the balloon borne experiment with a superconducting solenoid spectrometer (BESS), has been flown from Lynn Lake, Canada and has also provided excellent high-resolution data on protons and helium. These two data sets have been used here to study the validity of two galactic cosmic ray models and the geomagnetic transmission function developed from the 1990 geomagnetic reference field model. The predictions of both the CREME96 and NASA/JSC models are in good agreement with the AMS data. The shape of the AMS measured albedo proton spectrum, up to 2 GeV, is in excellent agreement with the previous balloon and satellite observations. A new LIS spectrum was developed that is consistent with both previous and new BESS 3He observations. Because the astronaut radiation exposures onboard ISS will be highest around the time of the solar minimum, these AMS measurements and these models provide important benchmarks for future radiation studies. AMS-02 slated for launch in September 2003, will provide even better momentum resolution and higher statistics data. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. JF - Radiation measurements AU - Badhwar, G D AU - Truong, A G AU - O'Neill, P M AU - Choutko, V AD - NASA Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Attn.: SN, 2101 NASA Road 1, Houston, TX 77058-3696, USA. gautam.d.badhwar@jsc.nasa.gov Y1 - 2001/06// PY - 2001 DA - June 2001 SP - 361 EP - 367 VL - 33 IS - 3 SN - 1350-4487, 1350-4487 KW - Isotopes KW - 0 KW - Protons KW - Helium KW - 206GF3GB41 KW - Space life sciences KW - manned KW - NASA Discipline Radiation Health KW - STS-91 Shuttle Project KW - unmanned KW - Balloon Flight KW - Flight Experiment KW - NASA Center JSC KW - short duration KW - Spectrum Analysis KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Magnetics KW - Space Flight -- instrumentation KW - Cosmic Radiation KW - Radiation Monitoring -- instrumentation KW - Models, Theoretical UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71262944?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radiation+measurements&rft.atitle=Validation+of+the+galactic+cosmic+ray+and+geomagnetic+transmission+models.&rft.au=Badhwar%2C+G+D%3BTruong%2C+A+G%3BO%27Neill%2C+P+M%3BChoutko%2C+V&rft.aulast=Badhwar&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2001-06-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=361&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Radiation+measurements&rft.issn=13504487&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-05-29 N1 - Date created - 2002-02-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The sugar model: catalytic flow reactor dynamics of pyruvaldehyde synthesis from triose catalyzed by poly-l-lysine contained in a dialyzer. AN - 70976020; 11434102 AB - The formation of pyruvaldehyde from triose sugars was catalyzed by poly-l-lysine contained in a small dialyzer with a 100 molecular weight cut off (100 MWCO) suspended in a much larger triose substrate reservoir at pH 5.5 and 40 degrees C. The polylysine confined in the dialyzer functioned as a catalytic flow reactor that constantly brought in triose from the substrate reservoir by diffusion to offset the drop in triose concentration within the reactor caused by its conversion to pyruvaldehyde. The catalytic polylysine solution (400 mM, 0.35 mL) within the dialyzer generated pyruvaldehyde with a synthetic intensity (rate/volume) that was 3400 times greater than that of the triose substrate solution (12 mM, 120 mL) outside the dialyzer. Under the given conditions the final yield of pyruvaldehyde was greater than twice the weight of the polylysine catalyst. During the reaction the polylysine catalyst was poisoned presumably by reaction of its amino groups with aldehyde reactants and products. Similar results were obtained using a dialyzer with a 500 MWCO. The dialyzer method of catalyst containment was selected because it provides a simple and easily manipulated experimental system for studying the dynamics and evolutionary development of confined autocatalytic processes related to the origin of life under anaerobic conditions. JF - Origins of life and evolution of the biosphere : the journal of the International Society for the Study of the Origin of Life AU - Weber, A L AD - SETI Institute, Mail Stop 239-4, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA. Y1 - 2001/06// PY - 2001 DA - June 2001 SP - 231 EP - 240 VL - 31 IS - 3 SN - 0169-6149, 0169-6149 KW - Trioses KW - 0 KW - Polylysine KW - 25104-18-1 KW - Pyruvaldehyde KW - 722KLD7415 KW - Index Medicus KW - Space life sciences KW - Dialysis KW - Models, Chemical KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Catalysis KW - Origin of Life KW - Pyruvaldehyde -- chemical synthesis KW - Polylysine -- chemistry KW - Trioses -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70976020?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Origins+of+life+and+evolution+of+the+biosphere+%3A+the+journal+of+the+International+Society+for+the+Study+of+the+Origin+of+Life&rft.atitle=The+sugar+model%3A+catalytic+flow+reactor+dynamics+of+pyruvaldehyde+synthesis+from+triose+catalyzed+by+poly-l-lysine+contained+in+a+dialyzer.&rft.au=Weber%2C+A+L&rft.aulast=Weber&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2001-06-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=231&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Origins+of+life+and+evolution+of+the+biosphere+%3A+the+journal+of+the+International+Society+for+the+Study+of+the+Origin+of+Life&rft.issn=01696149&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-12-07 N1 - Date created - 2001-07-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mass spectrometry in the U.S. space program: past, present, and future. AN - 70942736; 11401157 AB - Recent years have witnessed significant progress on the miniaturization of mass spectrometers for a variety of field applications. This article describes the development and application of mass spectrometry (MS) instrumentation to support of goals of the U.S. space program. Its main focus is on the two most common space-related applications of MS: studying the composition of planetary atmospheres and monitoring air quality on manned space missions. Both sets of applications present special requirements in terms of analytical performance (sensitivity, selectivity, speed, etc.), logistical considerations (space, weight, and power requirements), and deployment in perhaps the harshest of all possible environments (space). The MS instruments deployed on the Pioneer Venus and Mars Viking Lander missions are reviewed for the purposes of illustrating the unique features of the sample introduction systems, mass analyzers, and vacuum systems, and for presenting their specifications which are impressive even by today's standards. The various approaches for monitoring volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in cabin atmospheres are also reviewed. In the past, ground-based GC/MS instruments have been used to identify and quantify VOCs in archival samples collected during the Mercury, Apollo, Skylab, Space Shuttle, and Mir missions. Some of the data from the more recent missions are provided to illustrate the composition data obtained and to underscore the need for instrumentation to perform such monitoring in situ. Lastly, the development of two emerging technologies, Direct Sampling Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry (DSITMS) and GC/Ion Mobility Spectrometry (GC/IMS), will be discussed to illustrate their potential utility for future missions. c 2001 American Society for Mass Spectrometry. JF - Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry AU - Palmer, P T AU - Limero, T F AD - Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Francisco State University, California 94132-4163, USA. palmer@sfsu.edu Y1 - 2001/06// PY - 2001 DA - June 2001 SP - 656 EP - 675 VL - 12 IS - 6 SN - 1044-0305, 1044-0305 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Gases KW - Space life sciences KW - manned KW - Flight Experiment KW - Mir Project KW - short duration KW - long duration KW - Non-NASA Center KW - NASA Discipline Environmental Health KW - STS Shuttle Project KW - United States KW - Gases -- chemistry KW - Gases -- analysis KW - Spacecraft -- instrumentation KW - Planets KW - United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration -- trends KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry KW - Miniaturization KW - Atmosphere -- analysis KW - Mass Spectrometry -- instrumentation KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- analysis KW - Space Flight -- instrumentation KW - Mass Spectrometry -- trends KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- analysis KW - Mass Spectrometry -- methods KW - Space Flight -- trends KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- prevention & control KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- chemistry KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods KW - Environmental Monitoring -- instrumentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70942736?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Society+for+Mass+Spectrometry&rft.atitle=Mass+spectrometry+in+the+U.S.+space+program%3A+past%2C+present%2C+and+future.&rft.au=Palmer%2C+P+T%3BLimero%2C+T+F&rft.aulast=Palmer&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2001-06-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=656&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Society+for+Mass+Spectrometry&rft.issn=10440305&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-06-28 N1 - Date created - 2001-06-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Plasma sodium-osmotic dissociation and hormonal interaction with drinking-induced hypervolemia at 2800 m altitude. AN - 70908973; 11396557 AB - To study hormonal factors that may account for the dissociation between beverage-induced plasma sodium p[Na+] and osmotic p[Osm] concentrations that appear to refute the high theoretical correlation between p[Na+] and p[Osm]. Ten men (24 +/- SD 3 yr of age) sat reclining (head up) for 12 h in a chamber (21-23 degrees C dry bulb, 25-33% relative humidity) at 2800 m (9184 ft, 539 mm Hg) altitude (ALT), and at 321 m (1053 ft, 732 mm Hg) on the ground (GND). During 1000-1030 hours they consumed 3 fluids (12 ml x kg(-1),X = 948 ml x d(-1)) with large differences in sodium and osmotic contents: AstroAde (AA) with 185 mEq x L(-1) Na+ and 283 mOsm x kg(-1), Performance 1 (Shaklee) (P1) with 22 mEq x L(-1) Na+ and 365 mOsm kg(-1), or H2O at ALT; and only H2O on the GND. After drinking: plasma volume (PV) increased at 1200 hours by 8.3% (p < 0.05) with AA but was not significantly (NS) changed in the other sessions (Xdelta = +0.9%, range -0.9 to 2.8%); p[Na+] and p[Osm] were unchanged. Urinary rates and free-water clearances were attenuated with AA and P1 vs. those with H2O. Correlations between and among p[Na+] and p[Osm] suggest that the pNa+ ion is more tightly controlled than pOsm; and that there was no clear hormonal response that could account for this dissociation from theoretical considerations. There is significant dissociation between plasma sodium and osmotic concentrations after fluid intake. Induction and maintenance of hypervolemia requires increased (near isotonic) drink Na+ osmols rather than increased non-ionic osmols. JF - Aviation, space, and environmental medicine AU - Greenleaf, J E AU - Hinghofer-Szalkay, H AU - Rössler, A AU - Farrell, P A AU - Loomis, J L AU - Fedele, M J AU - West, J AU - Cowell, S A AD - Noll Physiological Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA. jgreenleaf@mail.arc.nasa.gov Y1 - 2001/06// PY - 2001 DA - June 2001 SP - 522 EP - 528 VL - 72 IS - 6 SN - 0095-6562, 0095-6562 KW - Rehydration Solutions KW - 0 KW - Water KW - 059QF0KO0R KW - Vasopressins KW - 11000-17-2 KW - Angiotensin II KW - 11128-99-7 KW - Sodium KW - 9NEZ333N27 KW - Renin KW - EC 3.4.23.15 KW - Index Medicus KW - Space life sciences KW - NASA Discipline Regulatory Physiology KW - NASA Center ARC KW - Thirst -- physiology KW - Osmolar Concentration KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Male KW - Plasma Volume -- drug effects KW - Rehydration Solutions -- adverse effects KW - Altitude KW - Angiotensin II -- physiology KW - Vasopressins -- physiology KW - Water Intoxication -- metabolism KW - Drinking Behavior KW - Sodium -- blood KW - Renin -- physiology KW - Water Intoxication -- etiology KW - Water -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70908973?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aviation%2C+space%2C+and+environmental+medicine&rft.atitle=Plasma+sodium-osmotic+dissociation+and+hormonal+interaction+with+drinking-induced+hypervolemia+at+2800+m+altitude.&rft.au=Greenleaf%2C+J+E%3BHinghofer-Szalkay%2C+H%3BR%C3%B6ssler%2C+A%3BFarrell%2C+P+A%3BLoomis%2C+J+L%3BFedele%2C+M+J%3BWest%2C+J%3BCowell%2C+S+A&rft.aulast=Greenleaf&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2001-06-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=522&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aviation%2C+space%2C+and+environmental+medicine&rft.issn=00956562&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-11-01 N1 - Date created - 2001-06-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Growth of megaspherulites in a rhyolitic vitrophyre AN - 52217038; 2001-049492 AB - Megaspherulites occur in a rhyolitic vitrophyre, near the base of a thick rhyolitic vitrophyre that occupies a late Eocene to early Oligocene volcanic-tectonic basin near Silver Cliff, Colorado. Diameters of the megaspherulites range from 0.3 to over 3.66 m, including an alteration layer. The megaspherulites are compound spherulites. They are holocrystalline, very fine-to fine-grained, composed of sanidine and quartz, and surrounded by a thin sanidine-quartz rind, and an alteration layer containing mordenite and 15 Aa montmorillonite. Megaspherulite crystallization began soon after the vitrophyre was emplaced as the result of sparse heterogeneous nucleation, under highly nonequilibrium conditions. Spherulite growth proceeded in a diffusion-controlled manner under lowered viscosity as a result of a high water content (5 to 7 wt%), which also contributed to sparse nucleation. When nucleation did occur, it was at a large Delta T (245-350 degrees C) on near critical-sized nuclei. Once the spherulites began to grow, continued nucleation was on existing growth cones and new, independent spherulites did not form. Sanidine crystals grew with a fibrous habit, which is favored by a large Delta T, restricting fibril lengths and diameters between 10-30 and 3-7 mu m, respectively. During crystallization, these growth cones impinged upon each other, resulting in fibril cone-free areas. These cone-free (interconal) areas consist of coarser, fine-grained phases, dominated by quartz, which crystallized from the melt as it accumulated between the crystallizing sanidine fibrils of the cones. The anhydrous nature of the sanidine and quartz suggests that their crystallization concentrated a water-rich residual fluid, enriched in Ca, Mg, and Fe, and depleted in Si, K, and Na, at the megaspherulite-vitrophyre interface. This fluid phase enclosed the megaspherulites resulting in the hydrothermal alteration of the vitrophyre, forming a hydrothermal alteration layer, as indicated by the presence of the minerals mordenite and montmorillonite. JF - American Mineralogist AU - Smith, Robert K AU - Tremallo, Robin L AU - Lofgren, Gary E Y1 - 2001/06// PY - 2001 DA - June 2001 SP - 589 EP - 600 PB - Mineralogical Society of America, Washington, DC VL - 86 IS - 5-6 SN - 0003-004X, 0003-004X KW - United States KW - silicates KW - volcanic rocks KW - Silver Cliff Colorado KW - rhyolitic composition KW - igneous rocks KW - vitrophyre KW - electron probe data KW - Cenozoic KW - spherulites KW - inclusions KW - zeolite group KW - mordenite KW - framework silicates KW - trace elements KW - P-T conditions KW - montmorillonite KW - Eocene KW - Paleogene KW - porphyry KW - Custer County Colorado KW - clay minerals KW - Tertiary KW - upper Eocene KW - sheet silicates KW - Colorado KW - 05A:Igneous and metamorphic petrology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52217038?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Mineralogist&rft.atitle=Growth+of+megaspherulites+in+a+rhyolitic+vitrophyre&rft.au=Smith%2C+Robert+K%3BTremallo%2C+Robin+L%3BLofgren%2C+Gary+E&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2001-06-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=5-6&rft.spage=589&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Mineralogist&rft.issn=0003004X&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://ammin.geoscienceworld.org/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 44 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 5 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - AMMIAY N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cenozoic; clay minerals; Colorado; Custer County Colorado; electron probe data; Eocene; framework silicates; igneous rocks; inclusions; montmorillonite; mordenite; P-T conditions; Paleogene; porphyry; rhyolitic composition; sheet silicates; silicates; Silver Cliff Colorado; spherulites; Tertiary; trace elements; United States; upper Eocene; vitrophyre; volcanic rocks; zeolite group ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effect of pressure, temperature, oxygen fugacity and composition on partitioning of nickel and cobalt between liquid Fe-Ni-S alloy and liquid silicate; implications for the Earth's core formation AN - 52215654; 2001-047726 AB - Experiments have been conducted with a multi-anvil apparatus on two natural chondrites in four different sample containers. Partition coefficients for Ni and Co between liquid Fe-Ni-S-alloy and liquid silicate (D (sub Ni) (super LA/LS) and D (sub Co) (super LA/LS) ) were determined over a pressure range between 2 and 25 GPa and a temperature range between 2100 and 2623 K. Multi-variable linear regression analysis was performed on the measured D (sub Ni) (super LA/LS) and D (sub Co) (super LA/LS) , using a formula that is partially based on thermodynamics and partially empirical relationships. The results from the experiments with non-graphite capsules revealed that the effects of oxygen fugacity are roughly consistent with Ni and Co being divalent ions in liquid silicate. Within the experimental pressure and temperature ranges, both Ni and Co become less siderophile with increasing pressure and temperature. The effect of pressure is more pronounced for Ni while the effect of temperature is more pronounced for Co. Furthermore, both effects become smaller at higher pressures and higher temperatures. Nickel and Co are less soluble in liquid silicate with higher degree of polymerization. The presence of S in liquid Fe-alloy enhances the siderophile behavior of Ni and Co. However, for a given relative proportion of Fe, Ni and Co in the Fe-alloy, D (sub Ni) (super LA/LS) and D (sub Co) (super LA/LS) are larger for the Fe-alloy with a smaller S content. Applying the observed effects of pressure, temperature, oxygen fugacity and composition on D (sub Ni) (super LA/LS) and D (sub Co) (super LA/LS) , we found that the observed partitioning of Ni and Co between core and mantle (D (sub Ni) (super core/mantle) and D (sub Co) (super core/mantle) ) can be matched at high pressures and high temperatures. The pressure-temperature range corresponds to that in the current midmantle (about 1200-1450 km in depth). Therefore, the observed high abundances and near-chondritic ratio of Ni and Co in the Earth's upper mantle can be explained by chemical equilibrium between liquid Fe-Ni-S-alloy and liquid silicate in a deep magma ocean. JF - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta AU - Li, J AU - Agee, C B Y1 - 2001/06// PY - 2001 DA - June 2001 SP - 1821 EP - 1832 PB - Pergamon, Oxford VL - 65 IS - 11 SN - 0016-7037, 0016-7037 KW - silicates KW - oxygen KW - cobalt KW - iron KW - fugacity KW - temperature KW - partitioning KW - laboratory studies KW - composition KW - alloys KW - thermodynamic properties KW - geochemistry KW - P-T conditions KW - liquid phase KW - experimental studies KW - pressure KW - differentiation KW - statistical analysis KW - high pressure KW - partition coefficients KW - metals KW - nickel KW - sulfur KW - core KW - regression analysis KW - high temperature KW - 17B:Geophysics of minerals and rocks UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52215654?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geochimica+et+Cosmochimica+Acta&rft.atitle=The+effect+of+pressure%2C+temperature%2C+oxygen+fugacity+and+composition+on+partitioning+of+nickel+and+cobalt+between+liquid+Fe-Ni-S+alloy+and+liquid+silicate%3B+implications+for+the+Earth%27s+core+formation&rft.au=Li%2C+J%3BAgee%2C+C+B&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2001-06-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1821&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geochimica+et+Cosmochimica+Acta&rft.issn=00167037&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0016-7037%2800%2900613-X L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00167037 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from CAPCAS, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 60 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 4 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GCACAK N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - alloys; cobalt; composition; core; differentiation; experimental studies; fugacity; geochemistry; high pressure; high temperature; iron; laboratory studies; liquid phase; metals; nickel; oxygen; P-T conditions; partition coefficients; partitioning; pressure; regression analysis; silicates; statistical analysis; sulfur; temperature; thermodynamic properties DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(00)00613-X ER - TY - JOUR T1 - How were the comets made? AN - 52209279; 2001-052670 JF - American Scientist AU - Nuth, Joseph A, III Y1 - 2001/06// PY - 2001 DA - June 2001 SP - 228 EP - 235 PB - Sigma Xi, The Scientific Research Society, New Haven, CT VL - 89 IS - 3 SN - 0003-0996, 0003-0996 KW - solar nebula KW - Earth KW - comets KW - Hale-Bopp Comet KW - planetology KW - extinction KW - life origin KW - 04:Extraterrestrial geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52209279?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Scientist&rft.atitle=How+were+the+comets+made%3F&rft.au=Nuth%2C+Joseph+A%2C+III&rft.aulast=Nuth&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft.date=2001-06-01&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=228&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Scientist&rft.issn=00030996&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.americanscientist.org/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 11 N1 - PubXState - CT N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - AMSCAC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - comets; Earth; extinction; Hale-Bopp Comet; life origin; planetology; solar nebula ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of subsurface permafrost features with ground-penetrating radar, Barrow, Alaska AN - 52098281; 2002-045291 JF - Permafrost and Periglacial Processes AU - Hinkel, K M AU - Doolittle, J A AU - Bockheim, J G AU - Nelson, F E AU - Paetzold, R AU - Kimble, J M AU - Travis, R Y1 - 2001/06// PY - 2001 DA - June 2001 SP - 179 EP - 190 PB - Wiley, Oxford VL - 12 IS - 2 SN - 1045-6740, 1045-6740 KW - United States KW - permafrost KW - geophysical surveys KW - ground-penetrating radar KW - geotraverses KW - calibration KW - periglacial features KW - cores KW - Barrow Alaska KW - attenuation KW - dielectric properties KW - glacial environment KW - sediments KW - clastic sediments KW - geophysical methods KW - radar methods KW - silt KW - ice lenses KW - ice wedges KW - depth KW - detection KW - cryoturbation KW - Northern Alaska KW - surveys KW - geophysical profiles KW - Alaska KW - unconformities KW - frozen ground KW - 24:Quaternary geology KW - 20:Applied geophysics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52098281?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Permafrost+and+Periglacial+Processes&rft.atitle=Detection+of+subsurface+permafrost+features+with+ground-penetrating+radar%2C+Barrow%2C+Alaska&rft.au=Hinkel%2C+K+M%3BDoolittle%2C+J+A%3BBockheim%2C+J+G%3BNelson%2C+F+E%3BPaetzold%2C+R%3BKimble%2C+J+M%3BTravis%2C+R&rft.aulast=Hinkel&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2001-06-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=179&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Permafrost+and+Periglacial+Processes&rft.issn=10456740&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/jhome/14053/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 49 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 plate, 1 table, sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Alaska; attenuation; Barrow Alaska; calibration; clastic sediments; cores; cryoturbation; depth; detection; dielectric properties; frozen ground; geophysical methods; geophysical profiles; geophysical surveys; geotraverses; glacial environment; ground-penetrating radar; ice lenses; ice wedges; Northern Alaska; periglacial features; permafrost; radar methods; sediments; silt; surveys; unconformities; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Aporrhaid gastropods of Latest Cretaceous age from the upper part of the Barton Creek Formation, below Chicxulub ejecta banket in southern Mexico AN - 51970423; 2003-050289 JF - PaleoBios AU - Vega, Francisco J AU - Perrilliat, Maria del Carmen AU - Ocampo, Adriana AU - Pope, Kevin AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2001/06// PY - 2001 DA - June 2001 SP - 129 PB - University of California, Museum of Paleontology, Berkeley, CA VL - 21 IS - 2, Suppl. SN - 0031-0298, 0031-0298 KW - lower Paleocene KW - Cretaceous KW - Senonian KW - Upper Cretaceous KW - new taxa KW - Cenozoic KW - Aporrhais KW - Barton Creek Formation KW - Paleocene KW - Invertebrata KW - Chicxulub Crater KW - taxonomy KW - Mollusca KW - Quintana Roo Mexico KW - Maestrichtian KW - assemblages KW - Gastropoda KW - Aporrhaidae KW - biologic evolution KW - Paleogene KW - ejecta KW - Mesozoic KW - morphology KW - Tertiary KW - paleoenvironment KW - Mexico KW - upper Maestrichtian KW - K-T boundary KW - stratigraphic boundary KW - 10:Invertebrate paleontology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51970423?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PaleoBios&rft.atitle=Aporrhaid+gastropods+of+Latest+Cretaceous+age+from+the+upper+part+of+the+Barton+Creek+Formation%2C+below+Chicxulub+ejecta+banket+in+southern+Mexico&rft.au=Vega%2C+Francisco+J%3BPerrilliat%2C+Maria+del+Carmen%3BOcampo%2C+Adriana%3BPope%2C+Kevin%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Vega&rft.aufirst=Francisco&rft.date=2001-06-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=2%2C+Suppl.&rft.spage=129&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=PaleoBios&rft.issn=00310298&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/museum/PBSI.html LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - NAPC 2001, North American paleontological convention 2001, Paleontology in the new millennium N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2003-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CA N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - PLBIAZ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aporrhaidae; Aporrhais; assemblages; Barton Creek Formation; biologic evolution; Cenozoic; Chicxulub Crater; Cretaceous; ejecta; Gastropoda; Invertebrata; K-T boundary; lower Paleocene; Maestrichtian; Mesozoic; Mexico; Mollusca; morphology; new taxa; Paleocene; paleoenvironment; Paleogene; Quintana Roo Mexico; Senonian; stratigraphic boundary; taxonomy; Tertiary; Upper Cretaceous; upper Maestrichtian ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Crustal uplift in the south central Alaska subduction zone; new analysis and interpretation of tide gauge observations AN - 50158072; 2002-023672 AB - We have examined tide gauge measurements of apparent sea level height in south central Alaska to determine the history of crustal uplift subsequent to the 1964 Prince William Sound earthquake. There are spatial and temporal variations in the uplift rate since the 1994 earthquake that depend on the location of the tide gauge relative to the coseismic rupture features. At Seward, on the eastern side of the Kenai Peninsula, we find slow uplift that is consistent with elastic strain accumulation at the locked North American-Pacific Plate boundary. Conversely, at Seldovia and Nikiski, on the western side of the Kenai Peninsula, we find persistent rapid uplift of approximately 10 mm yr (super -1) that may be longterm transient response to the earthquake but that cannot be sustained over the entire several hundred year recurrence interval for a great earthquake. Farther to the southwest, at Kodiak, the rate of uplift is several millimeters per year but has slowed significantly over the past three and a half decades. To the east of the Kenai Peninsula we find subsidence at Cordova and an uncertain behavior at Valdez. At Cordova, and to a lesser extent Valdez, there is a mathematically significant time dependence, although the evidence for the time dependence is less compelling than at Kodiak. At Anchorage, there is little evidence of vertical motion since the earthquake. The along-strike spatial variability in the relaxation time of the rates of vertical motion since the 1964 earthquake may be related to variations in the updip coseismic slip during the megathrust event. Copyright 2001 by the American Geophysical Union. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Cohen, Steven C AU - Freymueller, Jeffrey T Y1 - 2001/06// PY - 2001 DA - June 2001 SP - 11 EP - 11,270 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 106 IS - B6 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - United States KW - Global Positioning System KW - subduction zones KW - uplifts KW - geodesy KW - spatial distribution KW - time factor KW - ocean circulation KW - patterns KW - plate boundaries KW - vertical orientation KW - statistical analysis KW - Prince William Sound earthquake 1964 KW - rates KW - leveling KW - Southern Alaska KW - least-squares analysis KW - tides KW - rupture KW - coseismic processes KW - plate tectonics KW - Alaskan subduction zone KW - Kenai Peninsula KW - Alaska KW - crust KW - 18:Solid-earth geophysics KW - 20:Applied geophysics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50158072?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=Crustal+uplift+in+the+south+central+Alaska+subduction+zone%3B+new+analysis+and+interpretation+of+tide+gauge+observations&rft.au=Cohen%2C+Steven+C%3BFreymueller%2C+Jeffrey+T&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft.date=2001-06-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=B6&rft.spage=11&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2000JB900419 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 28 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Alaska; Alaskan subduction zone; coseismic processes; crust; geodesy; Global Positioning System; Kenai Peninsula; least-squares analysis; leveling; ocean circulation; patterns; plate boundaries; plate tectonics; Prince William Sound earthquake 1964; rates; rupture; Southern Alaska; spatial distribution; statistical analysis; subduction zones; tides; time factor; United States; uplifts; vertical orientation DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000JB900419 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Could the lunar "late heavy bombardment" have been triggered by the formation of Uranus and Neptune? AN - 50082415; 2002-012277 JF - Icarus AU - Levison, Harold F AU - Dones, Luke AU - Chapman, Clark R AU - Stern, S Alan AU - Duncan, Martin J AU - Zahnle, Kevin Y1 - 2001/06// PY - 2001 DA - June 2001 SP - 286 EP - 306 PB - Academic Press, New York, NY VL - 151 IS - 2 SN - 0019-1035, 0019-1035 KW - asteroids KW - orbits KW - late heavy bombardment KW - Jupiter KW - Trojan Asteroids KW - mechanism KW - Mars KW - planetesimals KW - giant planets KW - Saturn KW - motions KW - ice KW - outer planets KW - Neptune KW - surface properties KW - Moon KW - cosmochronology KW - impacts KW - terrestrial planets KW - genesis KW - planets KW - Uranus KW - planetology KW - icy planetesimals KW - 04:Extraterrestrial geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50082415?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Icarus&rft.atitle=Could+the+lunar+%22late+heavy+bombardment%22+have+been+triggered+by+the+formation+of+Uranus+and+Neptune%3F&rft.au=Levison%2C+Harold+F%3BDones%2C+Luke%3BChapman%2C+Clark+R%3BStern%2C+S+Alan%3BDuncan%2C+Martin+J%3BZahnle%2C+Kevin&rft.aulast=Levison&rft.aufirst=Harold&rft.date=2001-06-01&rft.volume=151&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=286&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Icarus&rft.issn=00191035&rft_id=info:doi/10.1006%2Ficar.2001.6608 L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00191035 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 133 N1 - PubXState - NY N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables N1 - SuppNotes - Accessed on Dec. 5, 2001 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - ICRSA5 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - asteroids; cosmochronology; genesis; giant planets; ice; icy planetesimals; impacts; Jupiter; late heavy bombardment; Mars; mechanism; Moon; motions; Neptune; orbits; outer planets; planetesimals; planetology; planets; Saturn; surface properties; terrestrial planets; Trojan Asteroids; Uranus DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/icar.2001.6608 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tropical deforestation in the Bolivian Amazon AN - 19921908; 5175001 AB - The distributions of forest and deforestation throughout the tropics are poorly known despite their importance to regional biodiversity and global climate and biodiversity. Deforestation estimates based on surveys or sampling have large errors, and high-resolution, wall-to-wall mapping of tropical forests is necessary to assess the impacts of fragmentation. Landsat satellite images from the mid-1980s and early 1990s were thus used to map closed-canopy tropical forest extent and anthropogenic deforestation in an approximately 700000 km super(2) area of Amazonian Bolivia with precipitation >1000 mm yr super(-1). Total potential forest cover extent, including tropical deciduous forest, was 448 700 km super(2), while the area of natural non-forest formations was 245 100 km super(2). The area deforested was 15 500 km super(2) in the mid-1980s and 24 700 km super(2) by the early 1990s. The rate of tropical deforestation in the forest zone of Bolivia with >1000 mm yr super(-1) precipitation below 1500m elevation and north of 19 degree S, was 1529 km super(2) yr super(-1) from 1985-1986 to 1992-1994. Our estimates of deforestation are significantly lower than those reported by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). We document a spatially-concentrated 'deforestation zone' in Santa Cruz where >60% of the Bolivian deforestation has occurred. These results indicate that the rate of deforestation in Bolivia has been rapid despite a relatively small human population, and, as in Brazil, clearance has concentrated in the more deciduous forests. JF - Environmental Conservation AU - Steininger, M K AU - Tucker, C J AU - Townshend, JRG AU - Killeen, T J AU - Desch, A AU - Bell, V AU - Ersts, P AD - Laboratory for Terrestrial Physics, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA, marc@surutu.gsfc.nasa.gov Y1 - 2001/06// PY - 2001 DA - Jun 2001 SP - 127 EP - 134 VL - 28 IS - 2 SN - 0376-8929, 0376-8929 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Human Population; Ecology Abstracts KW - Environmental degradation KW - Climate KW - Population density KW - Remote sensing KW - Biodiversity KW - Precipitation KW - Land use KW - Bolivia KW - Human impact KW - Fragmentation KW - Tropical environment KW - Amazonia KW - Population-environment relations KW - Deforestation KW - M1 210:Human Population-Geosphere Interactions KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - D 04712:Environmental degradation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19921908?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Conservation&rft.atitle=Tropical+deforestation+in+the+Bolivian+Amazon&rft.au=Steininger%2C+M+K%3BTucker%2C+C+J%3BTownshend%2C+JRG%3BKilleen%2C+T+J%3BDesch%2C+A%3BBell%2C+V%3BErsts%2C+P&rft.aulast=Steininger&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2001-06-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=127&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Conservation&rft.issn=03768929&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2001-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Environmental degradation; Tropical environment; Climate; Remote sensing; Population density; Biodiversity; Population-environment relations; Precipitation; Land use; Fragmentation; Human impact; Deforestation; Amazonia; Bolivia ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Satellite-observed variability and trend in sea-ice extent, surface temperature, albedo and clouds in the Arctic AN - 18570396; 5321153 AB - Recent observations of a decreasing ice extent and a possible thinning of the ice cover in the Arctic make it imperative that detailed studies of the current Arctic environment are made, especially since the region is known to be highly sensitive to a potential change in climate. A continuous dataset of microwave, thermal infrared and visible satellite data has been analyzed for the first time to concurrently study in spatial detail the variability of the sea-ice cover, surface temperature, albedo and cloud statistics in the region from 1987 to 1998. Large warming anomalies during the last four years (i.e. 1995-98) are indeed apparent and spatially more extensive than previous years. The largest surface temperature anomaly occurred in 1998, but this was confined mainly to the western Arctic and the North American continent, while cooling occurred in other areas. The albedo anomalies show good coherence with the sea-ice concentration anomalies except in the central region, where periodic changes in albedo are observed, indicative of interannual changes in duration and areal extent of melt pending and snow-free ice cover. The cloud-cover anomalies are more difficult to interpret, but are shown to be well correlated with the expected warming effects of clouds on the sea-ice surface. The results from trend analyses of the data are consistent with a general warming trend and an ice-cover retreat that appear to be even larger during the last dozen years than those previously reported. JF - Annals of Glaciology AU - Comiso, J C AD - Oceans and Ice Branch, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 971, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA Y1 - 2001/06// PY - 2001 DA - June 2001 SP - 457 EP - 473 PB - International Glaciological Society, Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1ER UK VL - 33 SN - 0260-3055, 0260-3055 KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Remote Sensing KW - Marine KW - Satellite Technology KW - Ocean-ice-atmosphere system KW - Ice Cover KW - Albedo KW - Climatic changes KW - Remote sensing KW - Arctic zone KW - Polar Regions KW - Surface temperature KW - Clouds KW - Air-sea interaction KW - Satellite sensing KW - Satellite sea ice surveillance KW - Sea ice KW - Sea Ice KW - Anomalies KW - Temperature anomalies KW - Arctic KW - Ice cover KW - M2 551.326.7:Sea ice: pack ice, drift ice, floe (551.326.7) KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - Q2 09150:Ice KW - M2 551.467:Sea Ice (551.467) KW - Q2 09244:Air-sea coupling UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18570396?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+Glaciology&rft.atitle=Satellite-observed+variability+and+trend+in+sea-ice+extent%2C+surface+temperature%2C+albedo+and+clouds+in+the+Arctic&rft.au=Comiso%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Comiso&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2001-06-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=&rft.spage=457&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+Glaciology&rft.issn=02603055&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-06-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ocean-ice-atmosphere system; Albedo; Climatic changes; Remote sensing; Arctic zone; Surface temperature; Air-sea interaction; Clouds; Satellite sensing; Sea ice; Temperature anomalies; Anomalies; Ice cover; Satellite sea ice surveillance; Remote Sensing; Satellite Technology; Ice Cover; Sea Ice; Arctic; Polar Regions; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Response of the Northern Hemisphere sea ice to greenhouse forcing in a global climate model AN - 18567114; 5321768 AB - The Q-flux Goddard Institute of Space Studies (GISS) global climate model, in which an atmospheric general circulation model is coupled to a mixed-layer ocean with specified horizontal heat transports, is used to simulate the transient and equilibrium climate response to a gradual increase of carbon dioxide (1% per year increase of CO sub(2) to doubled CO sub(2)). The results indicate that the current GISS model has a high sensitivity with a global annual warming of about 4 degree C for doubled CO sub(2). Enhanced warming is found at higher latitudes near sea-ice margins due to retreat of sea ice in the greenhouse experiment. Surface warming is larger in winter than in summer, in part because of the reductions in ice cover and thickness that insulate the winter atmosphere from the ocean. The annual mean reduction of sea-ice cover due to doubled CO sub(2) is about 30% for the Northern Hemisphere. The CO sub(2) experiment has a 70% reduction of sea-ice area and 55% thinning of ice in August in the Northern Hemisphere. Noticeable reduction of sea-ice cover has been found in both historical records and satellite observations. The largest reduction of simulated sea-ice extent occurs in summer, consistent with observations. JF - Annals of Glaciology AU - Nazarenko, L AU - Hansen, J AU - Tausnev, N AU - Ruedy, R AD - NASA Goddard Institute of Space Studies, New York, NY 10025, USA Y1 - 2001/06// PY - 2001 DA - Jun 2001 SP - 513 EP - 520 PB - International Glaciological Society, Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1ER UK VL - 33 SN - 0260-3055, 0260-3055 KW - global warming KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Marine KW - Meteorological Data Collection KW - Sea ice-climate relationships KW - Ocean-ice-atmosphere system KW - Climate models KW - Mixed layer KW - Climatic changes KW - Greenhouse effect KW - Atmospheric circulation KW - Global Warming KW - Model Studies KW - Heat transfer KW - Sea ice KW - Atmosphere-ocean coupled models KW - Sea Ice KW - Atmospheric chemistry KW - Climatic Changes KW - Global warming KW - Northern Hemisphere KW - Carbon dioxide KW - M2 551.326.7:Sea ice: pack ice, drift ice, floe (551.326.7) KW - M2 551.581.1:Theoretical climatology. Climatic models. Solar climate (551.581.1) KW - M2 551.467:Sea Ice (551.467) KW - Q2 09244:Air-sea coupling KW - SW 0820:Snow, ice and frost UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18567114?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+Glaciology&rft.atitle=Response+of+the+Northern+Hemisphere+sea+ice+to+greenhouse+forcing+in+a+global+climate+model&rft.au=Nazarenko%2C+L%3BHansen%2C+J%3BTausnev%2C+N%3BRuedy%2C+R&rft.aulast=Nazarenko&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2001-06-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=&rft.spage=513&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+Glaciology&rft.issn=02603055&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sea ice; Ocean-ice-atmosphere system; Mixed layer; Climatic changes; Atmospheric chemistry; Atmospheric circulation; Greenhouse effect; Carbon dioxide; Heat transfer; Sea ice-climate relationships; Atmosphere-ocean coupled models; Climate models; Global warming; Meteorological Data Collection; Sea Ice; Climatic Changes; Global Warming; Model Studies; Northern Hemisphere; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Retrieved Vertical Profiles of Latent Heat Release Using TRMM Rainfall Products for February 1998 AN - 18214729; 5278851 AB - This paper represents the first attempt to use Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) rainfall information to estimate the four-dimensional latent heating structure over the global Tropics for one month (February 1998). The mean latent heating profiles over six oceanic regions [Tropical Ocean and Global Atmosphere (TOGA) Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment (COARE) Intensive Flux Array (IFA), central Pacific, South Pacific Convergence Zone (SPCZ), east Pacific, Indian Ocean, and Atlantic Ocean] and three continental regions (South America, central Africa, and Australia) are estimated and studied. The heating profiles obtained from the results of diagnostic budget studies over a broad range of geographic locations are used to provide comparisons and indirect validation for the heating algorithm-estimated heating profiles. Three different latent heating algorithms, the Goddard Space Flight Center convective-stratiform heating (CSH), the Goddard profiling (GPROF) heating, and the hydrometeor heating (HH) algorithms are used and their results are intercompared. The horizontal distribution or patterns of latent heat release from the three different heating retrieval methods are very similar. They all can identify the areas of major convective activity [i.e., a well-defined Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) in the Pacific, a distinct SPCZ] in the global Tropics. The magnitudes of their estimated latent heating release are also in good agreement with each other and with those determined from diagnostic budget studies. However, the major difference among these three heating retrieval algorithms is the altitude of the maximum heating level. The CSH algorithm-estimated heating profiles only show one maximum heating level, and the level varies among convective activity from various geographic locations. These features are in good agreement with diagnostic budget studies. JF - Journal of Applied Meteorology AU - Tao, W-K AU - Lang, S AU - Olson, W S AU - Meneghini, R AU - Yang, S AU - Simpson, J AU - Kummerow, C AU - Smith, E AU - Halverson, J AD - Laboratory for Atmospheres, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA Y1 - 2001/06// PY - 2001 DA - June 2001 SP - 957 EP - 982 VL - 40 IS - 6 SN - 0894-8763, 0894-8763 KW - Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) KW - Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Heat exchange KW - Rainfall KW - IS, Central Pacific KW - Algorithms KW - Tropical Regions KW - Heat Transfer KW - ISE, East Pacific KW - Latent heat transfer KW - Latent Heat KW - AS, Tropical Atlantic KW - South America KW - Microwaves KW - ISW, Tropical Indian Ocean KW - Radar KW - Latent heat release KW - Australia KW - Q2 09163:Air-water boundary layer KW - SW 0815:Precipitation KW - O 2070:Meteorology KW - M2 551.511.33:Thermodynamics (551.511.33) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18214729?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Meteorology&rft.atitle=Retrieved+Vertical+Profiles+of+Latent+Heat+Release+Using+TRMM+Rainfall+Products+for+February+1998&rft.au=Tao%2C+W-K%3BLang%2C+S%3BOlson%2C+W+S%3BMeneghini%2C+R%3BYang%2C+S%3BSimpson%2C+J%3BKummerow%2C+C%3BSmith%2C+E%3BHalverson%2C+J&rft.aulast=Tao&rft.aufirst=W-K&rft.date=2001-06-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=957&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Applied+Meteorology&rft.issn=08948763&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-06-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Heat exchange; Rainfall; Algorithms; Latent heat transfer; Latent heat release; Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM); Microwaves; Radar; Tropical Regions; Heat Transfer; Latent Heat; South America; ISW, Tropical Indian Ocean; IS, Central Pacific; Australia; ISE, East Pacific; AS, Tropical Atlantic ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Impact of Sea Ice Concentration Accuracies on Climate Model Simulations with the GISS GCM AN - 18184139; 5214903 AB - The Goddard Institute for Space Studies global climate model (GISS GCM) is used to examine the sensitivity of the simulated climate to sea ice concentration specifications in the type of simulation done in the Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP), with specified oceanic boundary conditions. Results show that sea ice concentration uncertainties of plus or minus 7% can affect simulated regional temperatures by more than 6 degree C, and biases in sea ice concentrations of +7% and -7% alter simulated annually averaged global surface air temperatures by -0.10 degree and +0.17 degree C, respectively, over those in the control simulation. The resulting 0.27 degree C difference in simulated annual global surface air temperatures is reduced by a third, to 0.18 degree C, when considering instead biases of +4% and -4%. More broadly, least squares fits through the temperature results of 17 simulations with ice concentration input changes ranging from increases of 50% versus the control simulation to decreases of 50% yield a yearly average global impact of 0.0107 degree C warming for every 1% ice concentration decrease, that is, 1.07 degree C warming for the full +50% to -50% range. Regionally and on a monthly average basis, the differences can be far greater, especially in the polar regions, where wintertime contrasts between the +50% and -50% cases can exceed 30 degree C. However, few statistically significant effects are found outside the polar latitudes, and temperature effects over the nonpolar oceans tend to be under 1 degree C, due in part to the specification of an unvarying annual cycle of sea surface temperatures. The plus or minus 7% and plus or minus 4% results provide bounds on the impact (on GISS GCM simulations making use of satellite data) of satellite-derived ice concentration inaccuracies, plus or minus 7% being the current estimated average accuracy of satellite retrievals and plus or minus 4% being the anticipated improved average accuracy for upcoming satellite instruments. Results show that the impact on simulated temperatures of imposed ice concentration changes is least in summer, encouragingly the same season in which the satellite accuracies are thought to be worst. Hence, the impact of satellite inaccuracies is probably less than the use of an annually averaged satellite inaccuracy would suggest. JF - Journal of Climate AU - Parkinson, CL AU - Rind, D AU - Healy, R J AU - Martinson, D G AD - Oceans and Ice Branch, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA Y1 - 2001/06// PY - 2001 DA - Jun 2001 SP - 2606 EP - 2623 VL - 14 IS - 12 SN - 0894-8755, 0894-8755 KW - Modelling KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Marine KW - Satellite Technology KW - Sea surface KW - Ocean-ice-atmosphere system KW - Air Temperature KW - Simulation KW - Ocean circulation KW - Atmospheric circulation KW - Spatial Distribution KW - Air temperature KW - Model Studies KW - Surface temperature KW - Sensitivity Analysis KW - Satellite sensing KW - Data Acquisition KW - Sea Ice KW - Sea ice effects on climate KW - Climatology KW - Ice cover KW - Temporal Distribution KW - M2 551.588.5:Ice (551.588.5) KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - SW 0810:General KW - Q2 09150:Ice KW - O 2070:Meteorology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18184139?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Climate&rft.atitle=The+Impact+of+Sea+Ice+Concentration+Accuracies+on+Climate+Model+Simulations+with+the+GISS+GCM&rft.au=Parkinson%2C+CL%3BRind%2C+D%3BHealy%2C+R+J%3BMartinson%2C+D+G&rft.aulast=Parkinson&rft.aufirst=CL&rft.date=2001-06-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=2606&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Climate&rft.issn=08948755&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Satellite sensing; Sea surface; Ocean-ice-atmosphere system; Ocean circulation; Atmospheric circulation; Climatology; Air temperature; Ice cover; Surface temperature; Sea ice effects on climate; Sensitivity Analysis; Satellite Technology; Air Temperature; Data Acquisition; Sea Ice; Simulation; Spatial Distribution; Temporal Distribution; Model Studies; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Macroscale hydrologic modeling for regional climate assessment studies in the southeastern United States AN - 18099528; 5167413 AB - A macroscale hydrologic model is developed for regional climate assessment studies under way in the southeastern United States. The hydrologic modeling strategy is developed to optimize spatial representation of basin characteristics while maximizing computational efficiency. The model employs the "grouped response unit" methodology, which follows the natural drainage pattern of the area. First order streams are delineated and their surface characteristics are tested so that areas with statistically similar characteristics can be combined into larger computational zones for modeling purposes. Hydrologic response units (HRU) are identified within the modeling units and a simple three-layer water balance model, Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), is executed for each HRU. The runoff values are then convoluted using a triangular unit hydrograph and routed by Muskingum-Cunge method. The methodology is shown to produce accurate results relative to other studies, when compared to observations. The model is used to evaluate the potential error in hydrologic assessments when using GCM predictions as climatic input in a rainfall-runoff dominated environment. In such areas, the results from this study, although limited in temporal and spatial scope, appear to imply that use of GCM climate predictions in short term quantitative analyses studies in rainfall-runoff dominated environments should proceed with caution. JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - Limaye, A S AU - Boyington, T M AU - Cruise, J F AU - Bulusu, A AU - Brown, E AD - Universities Space Research Association, GHCC/NSSTC, 320 Sparkman Dr., Huntsville, Alabama 35805, USA, Ashutosh.Limaye@msfc.nasa.gov Y1 - 2001/06// PY - 2001 DA - June 2001 SP - 709 EP - 722 VL - 37 IS - 3 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - USA, southeast KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Prediction KW - Atmospheric precipitations KW - Regional Analysis KW - Sludge settleability KW - Precipitation (Atmospheric) KW - Rainfall-runoff Relationships KW - Climate KW - Climatic changes KW - Hydrologic Budget KW - Model Testing KW - USA, Southeast KW - Errors KW - Hydrologic cycle KW - Water balance KW - USA KW - Hydrologic Models KW - Climatic Data KW - Hydrology KW - Hydrographs KW - Runoff KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - Q2 09241:General KW - SW 0810:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18099528?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=Macroscale+hydrologic+modeling+for+regional+climate+assessment+studies+in+the+southeastern+United+States&rft.au=Limaye%2C+A+S%3BBoyington%2C+T+M%3BCruise%2C+J+F%3BBulusu%2C+A%3BBrown%2C+E&rft.aulast=Limaye&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2001-06-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=709&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-06-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Atmospheric precipitations; Water balance; Climatic changes; Hydrology; Hydrologic cycle; Runoff; Sludge settleability; Precipitation (Atmospheric); Climate; Hydrographs; Prediction; Hydrologic Models; Regional Analysis; Climatic Data; Rainfall-runoff Relationships; Hydrologic Budget; Model Testing; Errors; USA; USA, Southeast ER - TY - JOUR T1 - One-dimensional soil moisture profile retrieval by assimilation of near-surface observations: a comparison of retrieval algorithms AN - 18082955; 5164277 AB - This paper investigates the ability to retrieve the true soil moisture and temperature profiles by assimilating near-surface soil moisture and surface temperature data into a soil moisture and heat transfer model. The direct insertion and Kalman filter assimilation schemes have been used most frequently in assimilation studies, but no comparisons of these schemes have been made. This study investigates which of these approaches is able to retrieve the soil moisture and temperature profiles the fastest, over what depth soil moisture observations are required, and the effect of update interval on profile retrieval. These questions are addressed by a desktop study using synthetic data. The study shows that the Kalman filter assimilation scheme is superior to the direct insertion assimilation scheme, with retrieval of the soil moisture profile being achieved in 12 h as compared to 8 days or more, depending on observation depth, for hourly observations. It was also found that profile retrieval could not be realised for direct insertion of the surface node alone, and that observation depth does not have a significant effect on profile retrieval time for the Kalman filter. The observation interval was found to be unimportant for profile retrieval with the Kalman filter when the forcing data is accurate, whilst for direct insertion the continuous Dirichlet boundary condition was required for an increasingly longer period of time. It was also found that the Kalman filter assimilation scheme was less susceptible to unstable updates if volumetric soil moisture was modelled as the dependent state rather than matric head, because the volumetric soil moisture state is more linear in the forecasting model. JF - Advances in Water Resources AU - Walker, J P AU - Willgoose, G R AU - Kalma, J D AD - NASA-GSFC/Universities Space Research Association, Rm B309, Building 33, Mail Code 974, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA, cejpw@land.gsfc.nasa.gov Y1 - 2001/06// PY - 2001 DA - Jun 2001 SP - 631 EP - 650 VL - 24 IS - 6 SN - 0309-1708, 0309-1708 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts KW - Heat exchange KW - Soil Temperature KW - Soil/water systems KW - Algorithms KW - Temperature KW - Algorithm KW - Soil Water KW - Model Studies KW - Profiles KW - Comparison Studies KW - Soil (Characteristics of) KW - Field studies KW - Data Storage and Retrieval KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - SW 0845:Water in soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18082955?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+Water+Resources&rft.atitle=One-dimensional+soil+moisture+profile+retrieval+by+assimilation+of+near-surface+observations%3A+a+comparison+of+retrieval+algorithms&rft.au=Walker%2C+J+P%3BWillgoose%2C+G+R%3BKalma%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2001-06-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=631&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advances+in+Water+Resources&rft.issn=03091708&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Heat exchange; Soil (Characteristics of); Soil/water systems; Temperature; Field studies; Algorithm; Comparison Studies; Profiles; Soil Temperature; Algorithms; Soil Water; Data Storage and Retrieval; Model Studies ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Habitat preferences of foraging double-crested cormorants in western Lake Erie AN - 1791885406; 5335107 AB - Foraging double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) were counted along 31 established strip transects in western Lake Erie from April through September 2000. Each transect included only one of the following habitats: (1) offshore of a breeding island or roosting/loafing area, (2) reef or shoal (> 3 km offshore and average depth 3 km offshore and average depth > 10 m), or (4) offshore of an island shoreline that had evidence of "development" by humans. Foraging cormorants were recorded most often offshore of breeding islands and roosting/loafing areas and least often on open water. There was no difference between the number of cormorants recorded offshore of "developed" shorelines and on reefs and shoals. The number of boats recorded within 500 m of the transects during each observation period did not influence the number of foraging cormorants observed. Statistical analyses suggest that depth and shoreline type were more important than distance from shore or from nearest breeding colony for predicting the number of foraging cormorants. These results support previous studies in which the impact of P. auritus on the fishery of western Lake Erie is localized with respect to habitat. JF - Abstracts from the 44th Conference on Great Lakes Research, June 10-14, 2001. Great Lakes Science: Making it Relevant AU - Stapanian, MA Y1 - 2001/06// PY - 2001 DA - June 2001 SP - 2 EP - 130 PB - International Association for Great Lakes Research, 2205 Commonwealth Boulevard Ann Arbor MI 48105 USA KW - Double-crested cormorant KW - North America, Erie L. KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Water depth KW - Lake shores KW - Surveys KW - Phalacrocorax auritus KW - Freshwater KW - Habitat selection KW - Foraging behaviour KW - Habitats KW - Lakes KW - Birds KW - Wildlife Management KW - Aquatic birds KW - SW 0850:Lakes KW - Q1 08361:General KW - Q1 08425:Nutrition and feeding habits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1791885406?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Water+Resources+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Stapanian%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Stapanian&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=2001-06-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=129&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Habitat+preferences+of+foraging+double-crested+cormorants+in+western+Lake+Erie&rft.title=Habitat+preferences+of+foraging+double-crested+cormorants+in+western+Lake+Erie&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-06-22 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Laser altimeter canopy height profiles: Methods and validation for closed-canopy, broadleaf forests AN - 17914796; 5161136 AB - Waveform-recording laser altimeter observations of vegetated landscapes provide a time-resolved measure of laser pulse backscatter energy from canopy surfaces and the underlying ground. Airborne laser altimeter waveform data was acquired using the Scanning Lidar Imager of Canopies by Echo Recovery (SLICER) for a successional sequence of four, closed-canopy, deciduous forest stands in eastern Maryland. The four stands were selected so as to include a range of canopy structures of importance to forest ecosystem function, including variation in the height and roughness of the outermost canopy surface and the vertical organization of canopy stories and gaps. The character of the SLICER backscatter signal is described and a method is developed that accounts for occlusion of the laser energy by canopy surfaces, transforming the backscatter signal to a canopy height profile (CHP) that quantitatively represents the relative vertical distribution of canopy surface area. The transformation applies increased weighting to the backscatter amplitude as a function of closure through the canopy and assumes a horizontally random distribution of the canopy components. SLICER CHPs, averaged over areas of overlap where altimeter ground tracks intersect, are shown to be highly reproducible. CHP transects across the four stands reveal spatial variations in vegetation, at the scale of the individual 10-m-diameter laser footprints, within and between stands. Averaged SLICER CHPs are compared to analogous height profile results derived from ground-based sightings to plant intercepts measured on plots within the four stands. The plots were located on the segments of the altimeter ground tracks from which averaged SLICER CHPs were derived, and the ground observations were acquired within 2 weeks of the SLICER data acquisition to minimize temporal change. The differences in canopy structure between the four stands is similarly described by the SLICER and ground-based CHP results. However, a chi-square test of similarity documents differences that are statistically significant. The differences are discussed in terms of measurement properties that define the smoothness of the resulting CHPs and canopy properties that may vertically bias the CHP representations of canopy structure. The statistical differences are most likely due to the more noisy character of the ground-based CHPs, especially high in the canopy where ground-based sightings are rare resulting in an underestimate of canopy surface area and height, and to departures from assumptions of canopy uniformity, particularly regarding lack of clumping and vertically constant canopy reflectance, which bias the CHPs. The results demonstrate that the SLICER observations reliably provide a measure of canopy structure that reveals ecologically interesting structural variations such as those characterizing a successional sequence of closed-canopy, broadleaf forest stands. JF - Remote Sensing of Environment AU - Harding, D J AU - Lefsky, MA AU - Parker, G G AU - Blair, J B AD - Laboratory for Terrestrial Physics, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Mail Code 924, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA, harding@denali.gsfc.nasa.gov Y1 - 2001/06// PY - 2001 DA - Jun 2001 SP - 283 EP - 297 VL - 76 IS - 3 SN - 0034-4257, 0034-4257 KW - USA, Maryland KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Remote sensing KW - Forests KW - Canopies KW - Methodology KW - D 04125:Temperate forests KW - D 04002:Surveying and remote sensing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17914796?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.atitle=Laser+altimeter+canopy+height+profiles%3A+Methods+and+validation+for+closed-canopy%2C+broadleaf+forests&rft.au=Harding%2C+D+J%3BLefsky%2C+MA%3BParker%2C+G+G%3BBlair%2C+J+B&rft.aulast=Harding&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2001-06-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=283&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.issn=00344257&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Canopies; Forests; Remote sensing; Methodology ER - TY - GEN T1 - On the Right Path: The Higher Education Study of One Generation. AIR 2001 Annual Forum Paper. AN - 62255589; ED456784 AB - Data from the High School and Beyond Study were used to study the pathways taken by members of the High School Class of 1982 to a college degree. The class of 1982 followed nine different pathways to a 4-year degree, paths formed by a combination of academic resources secured in high school and the first type of postsecondary institution attended. The pathway most likely to lead to 4-year degree is one defined by acquiring high academic resources in high school and entering a 4-year institution on high school completion. Those who followed this path had a 77% chance to graduate within 11 years. Most students of high socioeconomic status followed this pathway, and they with a 81% graduation rate. Most students of the lowest socioeconomic status studied journeyed on a pathway defined by moderate academic resources and first enrollment in a 2-year institution. Only 3.3% of these students earned a 4-year degree. Forty percent of the class of 1982 first entered a community college, and 29% of them transferred to a 4-year institution within 11 years. By 1993, 35% of the members of the High School Class of 1982 had obtained at least a bachelor's degree. Degree completion was affected most by socioeconomic status, academic resources, degree aspirations, enrollment patterns, taking college courses in mathematics and sciences, financial aid, and having children while attending college. (Contains 14 figures, 15 tables, and 131 references.) (SLD) AU - Cabrera, Alberto A. AU - La Nasa, Steven AU - Burkum, Kurt Y1 - 2001/05/30/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 May 30 SP - 81 KW - High School and Beyond (NCES) KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Socioeconomic Status KW - College Graduates KW - Transfer Students KW - Higher Education KW - Educational Attainment KW - College Preparation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62255589?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Assoc N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Defoliation effects on the ectomycorrhizal community of a mixed Pinus contorta/Picea engelmannii stand in Yellowstone Park AN - 18075385; 5115342 AB - Molecular genetic methods were used to determine whether artificial defoliation affects ectomycorrhizal (EM) colonization, EM fungal species richness, and species composition in a mixed Pinus contorta (lodgepole pine)/ Picea engelmannii (Engelmann spruce) forest in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming. All lodgepole pines in three replicate plots were defoliated 50%, while Engelmann spruce were left untreated. This was done to determine how defoliation of one conifer species would affect EM mutualisms of both treated and neighboring, untreated conifers. The results indicated no significant effect on either EM colonization (142.0 EM tips/core in control plots and 142.4 in treatment plots) or species richness (5.0 species/core in controls and 4.5 in treatments). However, the relative abundance of EM of the two tree species shifted from a ratio of approximately 6:1 without treatment (lodgepole EM:spruce EM), to a near 1:1 ratio post-treatment. This shift may be responsible for maintaining total EM colonization and species richness following defoliation. In addition, EM species composition changed significantly post-defoliation; the system dominant, an Inocybe species, was rare in defoliation plots, while Agaricoid and Suilloid species that were rare in controls were dominant in treatments. Furthermore, species of EM fungi associating with both lodgepole pine and Engelmann spruce were affected, which indicates that changing the photosynthetic capacity of one species can affect mycorrhizal associations of neighboring non-defoliated trees. JF - Oecologia AU - Cullings, K W AU - Vogler AU - Parker, V T AU - Makhija, S AD - NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA, +1-650-604108 Y1 - 2001/05/28/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 May 28 SP - 533 EP - 539 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 127 IS - 4 SN - 0029-8549, 0029-8549 KW - Lodgepole pine KW - Engelmann spruce KW - USA, Wyoming KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Ecology Abstracts KW - Pinus contorta KW - Picea engelmannii KW - Genetic analysis KW - Colonization KW - Ectomycorrhizas KW - Species composition KW - Defoliation KW - D 04623:Fungi KW - A 01044:General KW - K 03096:Mycorrhiza UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18075385?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oecologia&rft.atitle=Defoliation+effects+on+the+ectomycorrhizal+community+of+a+mixed+Pinus+contorta%2FPicea+engelmannii+stand+in+Yellowstone+Park&rft.au=Cullings%2C+K+W%3BVogler%3BParker%2C+V+T%3BMakhija%2C+S&rft.aulast=Cullings&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2001-05-28&rft.volume=127&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=533&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Oecologia&rft.issn=00298549&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pinus contorta; Picea engelmannii; USA, Wyoming; Ectomycorrhizas; Defoliation; Genetic analysis; Colonization; Species composition ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modeling seasonal and interannual variability in ecosystem carbon cycling for the Brazilian Amazon region AN - 18342021; 5241974 AB - Previous field measurements have implied that undisturbed Amazon forests may represent a substantial terrestrial sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide. We investigated this hypothesis using a regional ecosystem model for net primary production (NPP) and soil biogeochemical cycling. Seasonal and interannual controls on net ecosystem production (NEP) were studied with integration of high-resolution (8-km) multiyear satellite data to characterize Amazon land surface properties over time. Background analysis of temporal and spatial relationships between regional rainfall patterns and satellite observations (for vegetation land cover, fire counts, and smoke aerosol effects) reveals several notable patterns in the model driver data. Autocorrelation analysis for monthly vegetation "greenness" index (normalized difference vegetation index, NDVI) from the advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) and monthly rainfall indicates a significant lag time correlation of up to 12 months. At lag times approaching 36 months, autocorrelation function (ACF) values did not exceed the 95% confidence interval at locations west of about 47 degree W, which is near the transition zone of seasonal tropical forest and other (nonforest) vegetation types. Even at lag times of 12 months or less, the location near Manaus (approximately 60 degree W) represents the farthest western point in the Amazon region where seasonality of rainfall accounts significantly for monthly variations in forest phenology, as observed using NDVI. Comparisons of NDVI seasonal profiles in areas of the eastern Amazon widely affected by fires (as observed from satellite) suggest that our adjusted AVHRR-NDVI captures year-to-year variation in land cover greenness with minimal interference from small fires and smoke aerosols. Ecosystem model results using this newly generated combination of regional forcing data from satellite suggest that undisturbed Amazon forests can be strong net sinks for atmospheric carbon dioxide, particularly during wet (non El Nino) years. However, drought effects during El Nino years can reduce NPP in primary forests of the eastern Amazon by 10-20%, compared to long-term average estimates of regional productivity. Annual NEP for the region is predicted to range from -0.4 Pg C yr super(-1) (net CO sub(2) source) to 0.5 Pg C yr super(-1) (net CO sub(2) sink), with large interannual variability over the states of Para, Maranhao, and Amazonas. As in the case of predicted NPP, it appears that periods of relatively high solar surface irradiance combined with several months of adequate rainfall are required to sustain the forest carbon sink for positive yearly NEP estimates. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research. D. Atmospheres AU - Potter, C AU - Klooster, S AU - De Carvalho, CR AU - Genovese, V B AU - Torregrosa, A AU - Dungan, J AU - Bobo, M AU - Coughlan, J AD - NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA Y1 - 2001/05/27/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 May 27 SP - 10 EP - 10,466 PB - American Geophysical Union, 2000 Florida Ave., N.W. Washington, DC 20009 USA, [mailto:cust--ser@kosmos.agu.org] VL - 106 IS - D10 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Rainfall KW - Brazil, Amazonia KW - Carbon cycle KW - Vegetation KW - Forests KW - Primary production KW - Forest influences on atmospheric carbon dioxide KW - Atmospheric chemistry KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Seasonal variations KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - M2 551.588:Environmental Influences (551.588) KW - M2 551.510.3/.4:Physical Properties/Composition (551.510.3/.4) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18342021?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research.+D.+Atmospheres&rft.atitle=Modeling+seasonal+and+interannual+variability+in+ecosystem+carbon+cycling+for+the+Brazilian+Amazon+region&rft.au=Potter%2C+C%3BKlooster%2C+S%3BDe+Carvalho%2C+CR%3BGenovese%2C+V+B%3BTorregrosa%2C+A%3BDungan%2C+J%3BBobo%2C+M%3BCoughlan%2C+J&rft.aulast=Potter&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2001-05-27&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=D10&rft.spage=10&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research.+D.+Atmospheres&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Brazil, Amazonia; Carbon cycle; Forests; Seasonal variations; Atmospheric chemistry; Carbon dioxide; Vegetation; Rainfall; Primary production; Forest influences on atmospheric carbon dioxide ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A composite view of ozone evolution in the 1995-1996 northern winter polar vortex developed from airborne lidar and satellite observations AN - 18343075; 5241992 AB - A three-dimensional model using winds and temperatures from the Goddard Earth Observing System Data Assimilation System is used to simulate ozone evolution in the winter high-latitude northern lower stratosphere. The simulation results are compared with ozone observations from three platforms: the differential absorption lidar (DIAL), the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS), and the Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement (POAM II). Time series for the different data sets are consistent with each other, and diverge from model time series during December and January. The model ozone in December and January is much less sensitive to the model photochemistry than to the model vertical transport. Simulations with different initial conditions for ozone demonstrate sensivitity to the model ozone profile shape. The modeled ozone throughout December and January most closely resembles observed ozone when the vertical profiles between 12 and 20 km within the polar vortex closely match December DIAL observations. We make a quantitative estimate of the uncertainty in the vertical advection using diabatic trajectory calculations. The net transport uncertainty is significant and should be accounted for when comparing observations with model ozone. The observed and modeled ozone time series during December and January are not inconsistent when these transport uncertainties are taken into account. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research. D. Atmospheres AU - Douglass, A R AU - Schoeberl, M R AU - Kawa AU - Browell, E V AD - NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA Y1 - 2001/05/16/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 May 16 SP - 9879 EP - 9895 PB - American Geophysical Union, 2000 Florida Ave., N.W. Washington, DC 20009 USA, [mailto:cust--ser@kosmos.agu.org] VL - 106 IS - D9 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - winter KW - Pollution Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Photochemistry KW - Satellite investigation of ozone layer KW - Pollution dispersion KW - Remote sensing KW - Temperature KW - Lidar KW - Polar environments KW - Stratosphere KW - Lidar measurement of ozone KW - Atmospheric chemistry KW - Wind KW - Ozone KW - M2 551.510.534:Ozone Layer (551.510.534) KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - M2 551.501:Methods of Observation/Computations (551.501) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18343075?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research.+D.+Atmospheres&rft.atitle=A+composite+view+of+ozone+evolution+in+the+1995-1996+northern+winter+polar+vortex+developed+from+airborne+lidar+and+satellite+observations&rft.au=Douglass%2C+A+R%3BSchoeberl%2C+M+R%3BKawa%3BBrowell%2C+E+V&rft.aulast=Douglass&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2001-05-16&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=D9&rft.spage=9879&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research.+D.+Atmospheres&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Polar environments; Wind; Temperature; Remote sensing; Lidar; Ozone; Stratosphere; Photochemistry; Pollution dispersion; Atmospheric chemistry; Lidar measurement of ozone; Satellite investigation of ozone layer ER - TY - JOUR T1 - How old are bacteria from the Permian age? AN - 17875449; 5115699 AB - Discovery of bacteria that remain viable in a dormant state for lengthy periods is significant for understanding patterns of microbial diversity and evolution on Earth, as well as for assessing the possibility of life's interplanetary transport by impact processes. The isolation by Vreeland et al. of viable 250-million-year-old bacteria is an extraordinary claim, based on meticulous extraction from evaporite deposits of the Delaware Basin. If valid, this discovery expands dramatically the maximum proposed age for microbial survivability. Here we argue that, although the Permian age of these well-documented deposits is not in question, the fluid inclusions and the viable bacterial spores contained in them may represent much more recent features. The age of these microbes must therefore remain uncertain. JF - Nature AU - Hazen, R M AU - Roedder, E AD - Geophys. Lab. and NASA Astrobiol. Inst., Carnegie Inst., Washington, DC 20015, USA, hazen@gl.ciw.edu Y1 - 2001/05/10/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 May 10 SP - 155 PB - Macmillan Publishers Ltd. VL - 411 IS - 6834 SN - 0028-0836, 0028-0836 KW - Permian age KW - USA, Delaware Basin KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Age KW - Dormancy KW - Evolution KW - J 02910:Miscellaneous topics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17875449?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=How+old+are+bacteria+from+the+Permian+age%3F&rft.au=Hazen%2C+R+M%3BRoedder%2C+E&rft.aulast=Hazen&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2001-05-10&rft.volume=411&rft.issue=6834&rft.spage=155&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nature&rft.issn=00280836&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Age; Dormancy; Evolution ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Human life support for long-term space missions using a bioregenerative system AN - 39442533; 3588277 AU - Wheeler, R Y1 - 2001/05/03/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 May 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39442533?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Human+life+support+for+long-term+space+missions+using+a+bioregenerative+system&rft.au=Wheeler%2C+R&rft.aulast=Wheeler&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2001-05-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: The American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1200 New York Ave., Washington, D.C. 20077-1601, USA; URL: www.aaas.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Destination: Mars AN - 39438398; 3588413 AU - McKay, C P Y1 - 2001/05/03/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 May 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39438398?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Destination%3A+Mars&rft.au=McKay%2C+C+P&rft.aulast=McKay&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2001-05-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: The American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1200 New York Ave., Washington, D.C. 20077-1601, USA; URL: www.aaas.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Mars mission study results AN - 39367250; 3588411 AU - Charles, J B Y1 - 2001/05/03/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 May 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39367250?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Mars+mission+study+results&rft.au=Charles%2C+J+B&rft.aulast=Charles&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2001-05-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: The American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1200 New York Ave., Washington, D.C. 20077-1601, USA; URL: www.aaas.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Technological challenges for biology in space AN - 39338552; 3588414 AU - Hines, J W Y1 - 2001/05/03/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 May 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39338552?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Technological+challenges+for+biology+in+space&rft.au=Hines%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Hines&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2001-05-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: The American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1200 New York Ave., Washington, D.C. 20077-1601, USA; URL: www.aaas.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prospective Memory in Dynamic Environments: Effects of Load, Delay, and Phonological Rehearsal AN - 85540314; 200200263 AB - A new paradigm was developed to examine prospective memory performance in a visual-spatial task that resembles some aspects of the work of air traffic controllers. Two experiments examined the role of workload (number of airplanes that participants directed), delay (between receipt of prospective instructions & execution), & phonological rehearsal. High workload increased prospective memory errors but increasing delay from 1-3 or 5 minutes had no effect. Shadowing aurally presented text reduced prospective memory performance, presumably because it prevented verbal rehearsal of the prospective instructions. However, performance on the foreground task of directing airplanes to routine destinations was affected only by workload & not by opportunity for rehearsal. Our results suggest that ability to maintain performance on a routine foreground task while performing a secondary task - perhaps analogous to conversation - does not predict ability to retrieve a prospective intention to deviate from the routine. 5 Tables, 1 Figure, 37 References. Adapted from the source document JF - Memory AU - Stone, Maria AU - Dismukes, Key AU - Remington, Roger AD - c/o Dismukes-NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA kdismukes@mail.arc.nasa.gov Y1 - 2001/05// PY - 2001 DA - May 2001 SP - 165 EP - 176 VL - 9 IS - 3 SN - 0965-8211, 0965-8211 KW - Phonological Processing (65110) KW - Short Term Memory (78150) KW - Attention (05350) KW - Rehearsal (Verbal Learning) (72400) KW - article KW - 4016: psycholinguistics; verbal learning: paired associate, serial learning, memory, recognition UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85540314?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Allba&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Memory&rft.atitle=Prospective+Memory+in+Dynamic+Environments%3A+Effects+of+Load%2C+Delay%2C+and+Phonological+Rehearsal&rft.au=Stone%2C+Maria%3BDismukes%2C+Key%3BRemington%2C+Roger&rft.aulast=Stone&rft.aufirst=Maria&rft.date=2001-05-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=165&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Memory&rft.issn=09658211&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) N1 - Date revised - 2003-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-27 N1 - CODEN - MEMOFV N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Short Term Memory (78150); Rehearsal (Verbal Learning) (72400); Phonological Processing (65110); Attention (05350) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mid-infrared trace gas detection using continuous-wave difference frequency generation in periodically poled RbTiOAsO4. AN - 72332045; 11757570 AB - A tunable mid-infrared continuous-wave (cw) spectroscopic source in the 3.4-4.5 micrometers region is reported, based on difference frequency generation (DFG) in a quasi-phase-matched periodically poled RbTiOAsO4 (PPRTA) crystal. DFG power levels of 10 microW were generated at approximately 4 micrometers in a 20-mm long PPRTA crystal by mixing two cw single-frequency Ti:Al2O3 lasers operating near 713 nm and 871 nm, respectively, using a laser pump power of 300 mW. A quasi-phase-matched infrared wavelength-tuning bandwidth (FWHM) of ~ 12 cm-1 and a temperature tuning rate of 1.02 cm-1/degree C were achieved. Experimental details regarding the feasibility of trace gas detection based on absorption spectroscopy of CO2 in ambient air using this DFG radiation source are also described. JF - Applied physics. B, Lasers and optics AU - Chen, W AU - Mouret, G AU - Boucher, D AU - Tittel, F K AD - MREID Universite du Littoral, Dunkerque, France. chen@univ-littoral.fr Y1 - 2001/05// PY - 2001 DA - May 2001 SP - 873 EP - 876 VL - 72 IS - 7 SN - 0946-2171, 0946-2171 KW - Arsenates KW - 0 KW - Gases KW - Carbon Dioxide KW - 142M471B3J KW - Titanium KW - D1JT611TNE KW - Aluminum Oxide KW - LMI26O6933 KW - Rubidium KW - MLT4718TJW KW - Space life sciences KW - NASA Discipline Life Sciences Technologies KW - Non-NASA Center KW - Crystallization KW - Carbon Dioxide -- analysis KW - Optics and Photonics KW - Normal Distribution KW - Spectrophotometry, Infrared -- instrumentation KW - Gases -- analysis KW - Lasers KW - Environmental Monitoring -- instrumentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72332045?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+physics.+B%2C+Lasers+and+optics&rft.atitle=Mid-infrared+trace+gas+detection+using+continuous-wave+difference+frequency+generation+in+periodically+poled+RbTiOAsO4.&rft.au=Chen%2C+W%3BMouret%2C+G%3BBoucher%2C+D%3BTittel%2C+F+K&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2001-05-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=873&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+physics.+B%2C+Lasers+and+optics&rft.issn=09462171&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-02-28 N1 - Date created - 2001-12-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Trace gas absorption spectroscopy using laser difference-frequency spectrometer for environmental application. AN - 71327629; 12143894 AB - A widely tunable infrared spectrometer based on difference frequency generation (DFG) has been developed for organic trace gas detection by laser absorption spectroscopy. On-line measurements of concentration of various hydrocarbons, such as acetylene, benzene, and ethylene, were investigated using high-resolution DFG trace gas spectroscopy for highly sensitive detection. JF - Laser physics AU - Chen, W AU - Cazier, F AU - Boucher, D AU - Tittel, F K AU - Davies, P B AD - MREID, Universite du Littoral, Dunkerque, France. chen@univ-littoral.fr Y1 - 2001/05// PY - 2001 DA - May 2001 SP - 594 EP - 599 VL - 11 IS - 5 SN - 1054-660X, 1054-660X KW - Ethylenes KW - 0 KW - Gases KW - ethylene KW - 91GW059KN7 KW - Benzene KW - J64922108F KW - Acetylene KW - OC7TV75O83 KW - Space life sciences KW - NASA Discipline Life Sciences Technologies KW - Non-NASA Center KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Benzene -- analysis KW - Acetylene -- analysis KW - Ethylenes -- analysis KW - Spectrophotometry, Infrared -- instrumentation KW - Gases -- analysis KW - Lasers KW - Environmental Monitoring -- instrumentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71327629?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Laser+physics&rft.atitle=Trace+gas+absorption+spectroscopy+using+laser+difference-frequency+spectrometer+for+environmental+application.&rft.au=Chen%2C+W%3BCazier%2C+F%3BBoucher%2C+D%3BTittel%2C+F+K%3BDavies%2C+P+B&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2001-05-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=594&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Laser+physics&rft.issn=1054660X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-10-28 N1 - Date created - 2002-07-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Organic composition of C/1999 S4 (LINEAR); a comet formed near Jupiter? AN - 52224011; 2001-043612 JF - Science AU - Mumma, M J AU - Dello Russo, N AU - DiSanti, M A AU - Magee-Sauer, K AU - Novak, R E AU - Brittain, S AU - Rettig, T AU - McLean, I S AU - Reuter, D C AU - Xu, Li H Y1 - 2001/05// PY - 2001 DA - May 2001 SP - 1334 EP - 1339 PB - American Association for the Advancement of Science, Washington, DC VL - 292 IS - 5520 SN - 0036-8075, 0036-8075 KW - hydrology KW - Jupiter KW - cosmochemistry KW - giant planets KW - solar nebula KW - genesis KW - Saturn KW - planets KW - organic compounds KW - comets KW - ice KW - Oort cloud KW - LINEAR Comet KW - outer planets KW - chemical composition KW - 04:Extraterrestrial geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52224011?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Organic+composition+of+C%2F1999+S4+%28LINEAR%29%3B+a+comet+formed+near+Jupiter%3F&rft.au=Mumma%2C+M+J%3BDello+Russo%2C+N%3BDiSanti%2C+M+A%3BMagee-Sauer%2C+K%3BNovak%2C+R+E%3BBrittain%2C+S%3BRettig%2C+T%3BMcLean%2C+I+S%3BReuter%2C+D+C%3BXu%2C+Li+H&rft.aulast=Mumma&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2001-05-01&rft.volume=292&rft.issue=5520&rft.spage=1334&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Science&rft.issn=00368075&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.sciencemag.org/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 84 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SCIEAS N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - chemical composition; comets; cosmochemistry; genesis; giant planets; hydrology; ice; Jupiter; LINEAR Comet; Oort cloud; organic compounds; outer planets; planets; Saturn; solar nebula ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Orogenic and glacial research in pristine Southern Alaska AN - 52218155; 2001-049520 JF - Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union AU - Jaeger, John AU - Hallet, Bernard AU - Pavlis, Terry AU - Sauber, Jeanne AU - Lawson, Daniel AU - Milliman, John AU - Powell, Ross AU - Anderson, Suzanne Prestrud AU - Anderson, Robert Y1 - 2001/05// PY - 2001 DA - May 2001 SP - 213 EP - 213, 216 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 82 IS - 19 SN - 0096-3941, 0096-3941 KW - United States KW - Yakutat Terrane KW - Bagley Glacier KW - sedimentation KW - Queen Anne Fault KW - glacial features KW - geodesy KW - research KW - Southern Alaska KW - orogeny KW - planning KW - continental margin sedimentation KW - Alaska KW - tectonics KW - glacial geology KW - active faults KW - earthquakes KW - faults KW - MARGINS Program KW - 19:Seismology KW - 16:Structural geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52218155?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.atitle=Orogenic+and+glacial+research+in+pristine+Southern+Alaska&rft.au=Jaeger%2C+John%3BHallet%2C+Bernard%3BPavlis%2C+Terry%3BSauber%2C+Jeanne%3BLawson%2C+Daniel%3BMilliman%2C+John%3BPowell%2C+Ross%3BAnderson%2C+Suzanne+Prestrud%3BAnderson%2C+Robert&rft.aulast=Jaeger&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2001-05-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=19&rft.spage=213&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.issn=00963941&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 7 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. geol. sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - EOSTAJ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - active faults; Alaska; Bagley Glacier; continental margin sedimentation; earthquakes; faults; geodesy; glacial features; glacial geology; MARGINS Program; orogeny; planning; Queen Anne Fault; research; sedimentation; Southern Alaska; tectonics; United States; Yakutat Terrane ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nebular thermal evolution and the properties of primitive planetary materials AN - 52209755; 2001-052710 AB - Models of the solar nebula are constructed to investigate the hypothesis that surviving planetary objects began to form as the nebula cooled from an early, hot epoch. The imprint of such an epoch might be retained in the spatial distribution of planetary material, the systematic deviations of its elemental composition from that of the Sun, chemical indicators of primordial oxidation state, and variations in oxygen and other isotopic compositions. Our method of investigation is to calculate the time-dependent, two-dimensional temperature distributions within model nebulas of prescribed dynamical evolution, and to deduce the consequences of the calculated thermal histories for coagulated solid material. The models are defined by parameters which characterize nebular initial states (mass and angular momentum), mass accretion histories, and coagulation rates and efficiencies. It is demonstrated that coagulation during the cooling of the nebula from a hot state is expected to produce systematic heterogeneities which affect the chemical and isotopic compositions of planetary material. The radial thermal gradient at the midplane results in delayed coagulation of the more volatile elements. Vertical thermal gradients isolate the most refractory material and concentrate evaporated heavy elements in the gas phase. It is concluded that these effects could be responsible for the distribution of terrestrial planetary masses, the systematic depletion patterns of the moderately volatile elements in chondritic meteorites and the Earth, the range of oxygen isotopic compositions exhibited by calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions (CAIs) and other refractory inclusions, and some geochemical evidence for a moderately enhanced oxidation state. However, nebular fractionations on a global scale are unlikely to account for the more oxidizing conditions inferred for some CAIs and chondritic silicates, which require dust enhancements greater than a few hundred. This conclusion, along with the well-established evidence from studies of chondrules and CAIs for thermal excursions of short duration, make it likely that local environments, unrelated to nebular thermal evolution, were also important. JF - Meteoritics & Planetary Science AU - Cassen, Patrick Y1 - 2001/05// PY - 2001 DA - May 2001 SP - 671 EP - 700 PB - Meteoritical Society, Fayetteville, AR VL - 36 IS - 5 SN - 1086-9379, 1086-9379 KW - solar nebula KW - models KW - solar system KW - evaporation KW - cosmic dust KW - deposition KW - condensation KW - planetology KW - properties KW - equations KW - 04:Extraterrestrial geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52209755?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Meteoritics+%26+Planetary+Science&rft.atitle=Nebular+thermal+evolution+and+the+properties+of+primitive+planetary+materials&rft.au=Cassen%2C+Patrick&rft.aulast=Cassen&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft.date=2001-05-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=671&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Meteoritics+%26+Planetary+Science&rft.issn=10869379&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://cavern.uark.edu/~meteor/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 81 N1 - PubXState - AR N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - MERTAW N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - condensation; cosmic dust; deposition; equations; evaporation; models; planetology; properties; solar nebula; solar system ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Impact-induced hydrothermal activity within the Haughton impact structure, Arctic Canada; generation of a transient, warm, wet oasis AN - 52209350; 2001-052712 AB - Field studies and analytical scanning electron microscopy indicate that a hydrothermal system was created by the interaction of water with hot, impact-generated rocks following formation of the 24 km diameter, 23 Ma Haughton impact structure. Hydrothermal alteration is recognized in two settings: within polymict impact breccias overlying the central portion of the structure, and within localized pipes in impact-generated concentric fault systems. The intra-breccia alteration comprises three varieties of cavity and fracture filling: (a) sulfide with carbonate, (b) sulfate, and (c) carbonate. These are accompanied by subordinate celestite, barite, fluorite, quartz and marcasite. Selenite is also developed, particularly in the lower levels of the impact breccia sheet. The fault-related hydrothermal alteration occurs in 1-7 m diameter subvertical pipes that are exposed for lengths of up 20 m. The pipes are defined by a monomict quartz-carbonate breccia showing pronounced Fe-hydroxide alteration. Associated sulfides include marcasite, pyrite and chalcopyrite. We propose three distinct stages in the evolution of the hydrothermal system: (1) Early Stage (>200 degrees C), with the precipitation of quartz (vapor phase dominated); (2) Main Stage (200-100 degrees C). with the development of a two-phase (vapor plus liquid) zone, leading to calcite, celestite, barite, marcasite and fluorite precipitation; and (3) Late Stage (<100 degrees C), with selenite and fibroferrite development through liquid phase-dominated precipitation. We estimate that it took several tens of thousands of years to cool below 50 degrees C following impact. During this time, Haughton supported a 14 km diameter crater lake and subsurface water system, providing a warmer, wetter niche relative to the surrounding terrain. The results reveal how understanding the internal structure of impact craters is necessary in order to determine their plumbing and cooling systems. JF - Meteoritics & Planetary Science AU - Osinski, Gordon R AU - Spray, John G AU - Lee, Pascal Y1 - 2001/05// PY - 2001 DA - May 2001 SP - 731 EP - 745 PB - Meteoritical Society, Fayetteville, AR VL - 36 IS - 5 SN - 1086-9379, 1086-9379 KW - petrology KW - geologic thermometry KW - breccia KW - impact features KW - metasomatism KW - hydrothermal conditions KW - Queen Elizabeth Islands KW - mineral composition KW - Devon Island KW - Canada KW - phase equilibria KW - Nunavut KW - Haughton Crater KW - mineralization KW - hydrothermal alteration KW - scanning electron microscopy KW - 05A:Igneous and metamorphic petrology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52209350?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Meteoritics+%26+Planetary+Science&rft.atitle=Impact-induced+hydrothermal+activity+within+the+Haughton+impact+structure%2C+Arctic+Canada%3B+generation+of+a+transient%2C+warm%2C+wet+oasis&rft.au=Osinski%2C+Gordon+R%3BSpray%2C+John+G%3BLee%2C+Pascal&rft.aulast=Osinski&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rft.date=2001-05-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=731&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Meteoritics+%26+Planetary+Science&rft.issn=10869379&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://cavern.uark.edu/~meteor/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 55 N1 - PubXState - AR N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table, geol. sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - MERTAW N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - breccia; Canada; Devon Island; geologic thermometry; Haughton Crater; hydrothermal alteration; hydrothermal conditions; impact features; metasomatism; mineral composition; mineralization; Nunavut; petrology; phase equilibria; Queen Elizabeth Islands; scanning electron microscopy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Instability of a gravity-modulated fluid layer with surface tension variation AN - 52049060; 2002-080036 JF - Journal of Fluid Mechanics AU - Skarda, J R L Y1 - 2001/05// PY - 2001 DA - May 2001 SP - 243 EP - 271 PB - Cambridge University Press, London VL - 434 SN - 0022-1120, 0022-1120 KW - Galerkin method KW - stress KW - stiffness KW - stability KW - Prandtl number KW - fluid phase KW - frequency KW - convection KW - boundary conditions KW - variations KW - ground water KW - attenuation KW - Rayleigh number KW - viscosity KW - tension KW - amplitude KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52049060?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Fluid+Mechanics&rft.atitle=Instability+of+a+gravity-modulated+fluid+layer+with+surface+tension+variation&rft.au=Skarda%2C+J+R+L&rft.aulast=Skarda&rft.aufirst=J+R&rft.date=2001-05-01&rft.volume=434&rft.issue=&rft.spage=243&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Fluid+Mechanics&rft.issn=00221120&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayJournal?jid=FLM LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 43 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 4 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - JFLSA7 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - amplitude; attenuation; boundary conditions; convection; fluid phase; frequency; Galerkin method; ground water; Prandtl number; Rayleigh number; stability; stiffness; stress; tension; variations; viscosity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evidence from Apollo; how science teachers can show students that humans have landed on the moon AN - 52004961; 2003-026299 JF - The Science Teacher AU - Lowman, Paul D, Jr Y1 - 2001/05// PY - 2001 DA - May 2001 SP - 22 EP - 25 PB - National Science Teachers Association, Arlington, VA VL - 68 IS - 5 SN - 0036-8555, 0036-8555 KW - K-12 education KW - Moon KW - curricula KW - Apollo Program KW - education KW - concepts KW - 04:Extraterrestrial geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52004961?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Science+Teacher&rft.atitle=Evidence+from+Apollo%3B+how+science+teachers+can+show+students+that+humans+have+landed+on+the+moon&rft.au=Lowman%2C+Paul+D%2C+Jr&rft.aulast=Lowman&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.date=2001-05-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=22&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Science+Teacher&rft.issn=00368555&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2003-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 1 N1 - PubXState - VA N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Apollo Program; concepts; curricula; education; K-12 education; Moon ER - TY - RPRT T1 - A plan for a new science initiative on the global water cycle AN - 51860858; 2004-032957 JF - A plan for a new science initiative on the global water cycle AU - Hornberger, George AU - Aber, John AU - Bales, Roger AU - Bahr, Jean AU - Bevan, Keith AU - Foufoula-Georgiou, Efi AU - Kutal, Gabriel AU - Kinter, James L, III AU - Koster, Randy AU - Lettenmaier, Dennis AU - McKnight, Diane AU - Miller, Kathleen AU - Mitchell, Kenneth AU - Roads, John AU - Scanlon, Bridget R AU - Smith, Eric Y1 - 2001/05// PY - 2001 DA - May 2001 SP - 118 KW - hydrology KW - programs KW - human activity KW - global KW - fresh water KW - global change KW - ecosystems KW - environmental effects KW - variations KW - nitrogen KW - geochemical cycle KW - nutrients KW - hydrologic cycle KW - carbon KW - ecology KW - carbon cycle KW - land use KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51860858?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/GeoRef&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Hornberger%2C+George%3BAber%2C+John%3BBales%2C+Roger%3BBahr%2C+Jean%3BBevan%2C+Keith%3BFoufoula-Georgiou%2C+Efi%3BKutal%2C+Gabriel%3BKinter%2C+James+L%2C+III%3BKoster%2C+Randy%3BLettenmaier%2C+Dennis%3BMcKnight%2C+Diane%3BMiller%2C+Kathleen%3BMitchell%2C+Kenneth%3BRoads%2C+John%3BScanlon%2C+Bridget+R%3BSmith%2C+Eric&rft.aulast=Hornberger&rft.aufirst=George&rft.date=2001-05-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=A+plan+for+a+new+science+initiative+on+the+global+water+cycle&rft.title=A+plan+for+a+new+science+initiative+on+the+global+water+cycle&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2004-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 100 N1 - Availability - U. S. Global Change Research Program, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. sketch maps N1 - SuppNotes - Includes appendices N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Study of volcano/ice interactions gains momentum AN - 50306989; 2001-048726 AB - Observations of recent volcanic eruptions in Iceland and detailed studies of sub-glacially erupted deposits and the interaction of lava and pyroclastic flows with snow and ice have provided important new data that should lead to significant advances in the understanding of volcano/ice interaction on Earth and Mars. A conference on this subject, the first of its kind, recently brought together geologists, geophysicists, glaciologists, and planetary scientists studying various aspects of volcano-ice interaction. JF - Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union AU - Chapman, Mary G AU - Smellie, John L AU - Gudmundsson, Magnus T AU - Gulick, Virginia C AU - Jakobsson, Sveinn P AU - Skilling, Ian P Y1 - 2001/05// PY - 2001 DA - May 2001 SP - 234 EP - 235 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 82 IS - 21 SN - 0096-3941, 0096-3941 KW - hydrology KW - subglacial environment KW - volcanic rocks KW - glasses KW - igneous rocks KW - hyaloclastite KW - Mars KW - ice sheets KW - palagonite KW - terrestrial planets KW - pyroclastics KW - planets KW - Hlodufell tuya KW - ice KW - eruptions KW - volcanoes KW - glacial geology KW - sub ice volcanism KW - 24:Quaternary geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50306989?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.atitle=Study+of+volcano%2Fice+interactions+gains+momentum&rft.au=Chapman%2C+Mary+G%3BSmellie%2C+John+L%3BGudmundsson%2C+Magnus+T%3BGulick%2C+Virginia+C%3BJakobsson%2C+Sveinn+P%3BSkilling%2C+Ian+P&rft.aulast=Chapman&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft.date=2001-05-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=21&rft.spage=234&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.issn=00963941&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F01EO00130 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - EOSTAJ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - eruptions; glacial geology; glasses; Hlodufell tuya; hyaloclastite; hydrology; ice; ice sheets; igneous rocks; Mars; palagonite; planets; pyroclastics; sub ice volcanism; subglacial environment; terrestrial planets; volcanic rocks; volcanoes DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/01EO00130 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Seasonal and interannual variability of the Odden ice tongue and a study of environmental effects AN - 50159432; 2001-071669 AB - The Odden ice tongue is an ice cover phenomenon in the Greenland Sea that covers all or part of the area of influence of the Jan Mayen Current and that encloses a bay of open water called Nordbukta. The yearly attributes of the spatial distribution of the Odden from 1979 through 1998 have been quantified in terms of average concentration, standard deviation of ice concentrations, persistence, maximum extent, and anomalies in extent, and the results show vastly different formation characteristics and seasonalities during different years. The monthly average extents of the Odden are shown to have a strong negative correlation with monthly surface air temperatures recorded at Jan Mayen Island and monthly temperatures retrieved from satellite infrared data, with correlation coefficients of 0.74 and 0.89, respectively. Wind effect is also shown to be an important factor at daily and shorter timescales, directly influencing size and shape and sometimes initiating the formation of Nordbukta. The Odden was most extensive in 1979, 1982, 1986, and 1997 and most persistent in 1988, 1989, and 1997 but did not appear in 1984, 1994, and 1995, suggesting decadal periodicity for the 20 year period. With the use of the 75 year temperature record at Jan Mayen Island as a proxy for Odden size, spectral analysis also shows a periodicity of 10-12 years. A correlation study of North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) indices with extents of the Odden, as derived from satellite data, yields a correlation coefficient of 0.4, which suggests that the interannual variability of the Odden may be influenced but not controlled by NAO. Regression analysis of the Jan Mayen surface temperature record also yields a slight warming (0.06 K decade (super -1) ) and a decrease in Odden area (-0.14 X 10 (super 4) km (super 2) decade (super -1) ) from 1979 to 1996, but during the past 75 years, there has actually been a slight cooling (-0.15 K decade (super -1) ), suggesting either that the Odden had actually been smaller in size several decades ago or that it had occurred farther north. Copyright 2001 by the American Geophysical Union. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Comiso, Josefino C AU - Wadhams, Peter AU - Pedersen, Leif Toudal AU - Gersten, Robert A Y1 - 2001/05// PY - 2001 DA - May 2001 SP - 9093 EP - 9116 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 106 IS - C5 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - North Atlantic Oscillation KW - currents KW - concentration KW - annual variations KW - Arctic region KW - sea ice KW - Odden ice tongue KW - statistical analysis KW - ice cover KW - Norwegian Sea KW - Nordbukta Current KW - satellite methods KW - environmental analysis KW - ocean currents KW - temperature KW - brightness KW - spatial distribution KW - Jan Mayen KW - ice KW - Arctic Ocean KW - seasonal variations KW - regression analysis KW - remote sensing KW - 07:Oceanography UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50159432?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=Seasonal+and+interannual+variability+of+the+Odden+ice+tongue+and+a+study+of+environmental+effects&rft.au=Comiso%2C+Josefino+C%3BWadhams%2C+Peter%3BPedersen%2C+Leif+Toudal%3BGersten%2C+Robert+A&rft.aulast=Comiso&rft.aufirst=Josefino&rft.date=2001-05-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=C5&rft.spage=9093&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2000JC000204 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 36 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table, 36 plates N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - annual variations; Arctic Ocean; Arctic region; brightness; concentration; currents; environmental analysis; ice; ice cover; Jan Mayen; Nordbukta Current; North Atlantic Oscillation; Norwegian Sea; ocean currents; Odden ice tongue; regression analysis; remote sensing; satellite methods; sea ice; seasonal variations; spatial distribution; statistical analysis; temperature DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000JC000204 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Channeled flow; analytic solutions, laboratory experiments, and applications to lava flows AN - 50158837; 2001-068397 AB - Although channeled lava flows are common in basaltic volcanism, relationships between channel morphology, eruption and emplacement parameters, and lava properties are not well understood. Several models have commonly been used to constrain these relations, but they have not been well tested on natural or simulated lava flows over a wide range of parameter space. Here, we test the accuracy and assumptions of a moderately simple analytic rectangular channel solution by comparing the behavior of well-controlled laboratory polyethylene glycol (PEG) channeled flows to the analytic solution for isothermal, steady Newtonian flow in a rectangular channel with constant dimensions. This analytic solution agrees well with laboratory measurements. Volumetric effusion rates (Q; m (super 3) s (super -1) ) calculated from the analytical model using measured PEG flows as input yield ratios of Q (sub calculated) /Q (sub pumped) of approximately 0.2 to 3.6, and flow rates calculated from a best fit surface velocity profile to measured velocities give more accurate ratios of approximately 0.8 to 1.2. We find a very weak dependence of solution accuracy on slope, attributable to flow front effects within the laboratory flows. We subsequently apply the solution to several subaerial and submarine terrestrial flows as well as extraterrestrial channeled flows over a wide range of flow parameters. Viscosity ranges and flow rates obtained using measured channel dimensions and assumed lava properties are plausible. Interestingly, the resulting extraterrestrial estimates of viscosities and flow rates tend to fall closer to known terrestrial measurements and estimates of channel flow than to previous planetary estimates. We therefore suggest that the analytic Newtonian rectangular channel flow model is a more appropriate physical model for many channeled terrestrial and planetary flows than the Newtonian infinite sheet flow and approximation to Bingham channel flow widely used previously. Copyright 2001 by the American Geophysical Union. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Sakimoto, Susan E H AU - Gregg, Tracy K P Y1 - 2001/05// PY - 2001 DA - May 2001 SP - 8629 EP - 8644 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 106 IS - B5 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - United States KW - terrestrial environment KW - subaerial environment KW - effusion KW - Mars KW - Mauna Loa KW - laboratory studies KW - volcanic features KW - infinite sheet flow KW - volcanism KW - Newtonian flow KW - experimental studies KW - lava flows KW - lava channels KW - Hawaii KW - rates KW - East Pacific Ocean Islands KW - terrestrial planets KW - planets KW - viscosity KW - volume KW - submarine volcanoes KW - steady-state processes KW - polyethylene glycol KW - Oceania KW - Mars Global Surveyor Program KW - volcanoes KW - terrestrial comparison KW - MOLA KW - Polynesia KW - 24:Quaternary geology KW - 04:Extraterrestrial geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50158837?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=Channeled+flow%3B+analytic+solutions%2C+laboratory+experiments%2C+and+applications+to+lava+flows&rft.au=Sakimoto%2C+Susan+E+H%3BGregg%2C+Tracy+K+P&rft.aulast=Sakimoto&rft.aufirst=Susan+E&rft.date=2001-05-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=B5&rft.spage=8629&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2000JB900384 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 54 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 plates, 7 tables, block diag. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - East Pacific Ocean Islands; effusion; experimental studies; Hawaii; infinite sheet flow; laboratory studies; lava channels; lava flows; Mars; Mars Global Surveyor Program; Mauna Loa; MOLA; Newtonian flow; Oceania; planets; polyethylene glycol; Polynesia; rates; steady-state processes; subaerial environment; submarine volcanoes; terrestrial comparison; terrestrial environment; terrestrial planets; United States; viscosity; volcanic features; volcanism; volcanoes; volume DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000JB900384 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimating the crustal power spectrum from vector Magsat data AN - 50157629; 2001-068394 AB - The Earth's magnetic field can be subdivided into core and crustal components and we seek to characterize the crustal part through its spatial power spectrum, R (sub l) . We process vector Magsat data to isolate the crustal field and then invert power spectral densities of flight-local components along-track for R (sub l) following O'Brien et al. [1999]. Our model, designated LPPC, is accurate up to approximately spherical harmonic degree 45 (lambda = 900 km): this is the resolution limit of our data and suggests that global crustal anomaly maps constructed from vector Magsat data should not contain features with wavelengths less than 900 km. We find continental power spectra to be greater than oceanic ones and attribute this to the relative thicknesses of continental and oceanic crust. Copyright 2001 by the American Geophysical Union. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Lowe, David A J AU - Parker, Robert L AU - Purucker, Michael E AU - Constable, Catherine G Y1 - 2001/05// PY - 2001 DA - May 2001 SP - 8589 EP - 8598 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 106 IS - B5 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - oceanic crust KW - spatial power spectrum KW - vector Magsat data KW - geophysical methods KW - magnetic methods KW - magnetic anomalies KW - inverse problem KW - satellite methods KW - magnetic field KW - power spectral densities KW - Magsat KW - crust KW - remote sensing KW - 18:Solid-earth geophysics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50157629?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=Estimating+the+crustal+power+spectrum+from+vector+Magsat+data&rft.au=Lowe%2C+David+A+J%3BParker%2C+Robert+L%3BPurucker%2C+Michael+E%3BConstable%2C+Catherine+G&rft.aulast=Lowe&rft.aufirst=David+A&rft.date=2001-05-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=B5&rft.spage=8589&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2000JB900437 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - crust; geophysical methods; inverse problem; magnetic anomalies; magnetic field; magnetic methods; Magsat; oceanic crust; power spectral densities; remote sensing; satellite methods; spatial power spectrum; vector Magsat data DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000JB900437 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Impact features on Europa; results of the Galileo Europa Mission (GEM) AN - 50082489; 2002-012270 JF - Icarus AU - Moore, Jeffrey M AU - Asphaug, Erik AU - Belton, Michael J S AU - Bierhaus, Beau AU - Breneman, H Herbert AU - Brooks, Shawn M AU - Chapman, Clark R AU - Chuang, Frank C AU - Collins, Geoffrey C AU - Giese, Bernd AU - Greeley, Ronald AU - Head, James W, III AU - Kadel, Steve AU - Klaasen, Kenneth P AU - Klemaszewski, James E AU - Magee, Kari P AU - Moreau, John AU - Morrison, David AU - Neukum, Gerhard AU - Pappalardo, Robert T AU - Phillips, Cynthia B AU - Schenk, Paul M AU - Senske, David A AU - Sullivan, Robert J AU - Turtle, Elizabeth P AU - Williams, Kevin K Y1 - 2001/05// PY - 2001 DA - May 2001 SP - 93 EP - 111 PB - Academic Press, New York, NY VL - 151 IS - 1 SN - 0019-1035, 0019-1035 KW - cratering KW - icy satellites KW - impact features KW - Europa Satellite KW - slopes KW - Jupiter KW - Ganymede Satellite KW - Voyager Program KW - siliceous composition KW - Galilean satellites KW - giant planets KW - size distribution KW - topography KW - surface features KW - outer planets KW - satellites KW - Cilix Crater KW - liquid phase KW - Manannan Crater KW - Galileo Program KW - ray craters KW - Callanish Crater KW - size KW - planets KW - Tegid Crater KW - viscosity KW - Tyre Crater KW - Pwyll Crater KW - Galileo Europa Mission KW - impact craters KW - causes KW - 04:Extraterrestrial geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50082489?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Icarus&rft.atitle=Impact+features+on+Europa%3B+results+of+the+Galileo+Europa+Mission+%28GEM%29&rft.au=Moore%2C+Jeffrey+M%3BAsphaug%2C+Erik%3BBelton%2C+Michael+J+S%3BBierhaus%2C+Beau%3BBreneman%2C+H+Herbert%3BBrooks%2C+Shawn+M%3BChapman%2C+Clark+R%3BChuang%2C+Frank+C%3BCollins%2C+Geoffrey+C%3BGiese%2C+Bernd%3BGreeley%2C+Ronald%3BHead%2C+James+W%2C+III%3BKadel%2C+Steve%3BKlaasen%2C+Kenneth+P%3BKlemaszewski%2C+James+E%3BMagee%2C+Kari+P%3BMoreau%2C+John%3BMorrison%2C+David%3BNeukum%2C+Gerhard%3BPappalardo%2C+Robert+T%3BPhillips%2C+Cynthia+B%3BSchenk%2C+Paul+M%3BSenske%2C+David+A%3BSullivan%2C+Robert+J%3BTurtle%2C+Elizabeth+P%3BWilliams%2C+Kevin+K&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rft.date=2001-05-01&rft.volume=151&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=93&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Icarus&rft.issn=00191035&rft_id=info:doi/10.1006%2Ficar.2000.6558 L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00191035 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 30 N1 - PubXState - NY N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - SuppNotes - Accessed on Dec. 5, 2001; WWW format, ISSN 1090-2343 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - ICRSA5 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Callanish Crater; causes; Cilix Crater; cratering; Europa Satellite; Galilean satellites; Galileo Europa Mission; Galileo Program; Ganymede Satellite; giant planets; icy satellites; impact craters; impact features; Jupiter; liquid phase; Manannan Crater; outer planets; planets; Pwyll Crater; ray craters; satellites; siliceous composition; size; size distribution; slopes; surface features; Tegid Crater; topography; Tyre Crater; viscosity; Voyager Program DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/icar.2000.6558 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Passive Active L- and S-Band (PALS) Microwave Sensor for Ocean Salinity and Soil Moisture Measurements AN - 18341216; 5275904 AB - A passive/active L/S-band (PALS) microwave aircraft instrument to measure ocean salinity and soil moisture has been built and tested. Because the L-band brightness temperatures associated with salinity changes are expected to be small, it was necessary to build a very sensitive and stable system. This new instrument has dual-frequency, dual polarization radiometer and radar sensors. The antenna is a high beam efficiency conical horn. The PALS instrument was installed on the NCAR C-130 aircraft and soil moisture measurements were made in support of the Southern Great Plains 1999 experiment in Oklahoma from July 8-14, 1999. Data taken before and after a rainstorm showed significant changes in the brightness temperatures, polarization ratios and radar backscatter, as a function of soil moisture. Salinity measurement missions were flown on July 17-19, 1999, southeast of Norfolk, VA, over the Gulf Stream. The measurements indicated a clear and repeatable salinity signal during these three days, which was in good agrement with the Cape Hatteras ship salinity data. Data was also taken in the open ocean and a small decrease of 0.2 K was measured in the brightness temperature, which corresponded to the salinity increase of 0.4 psu measured by the M/V Oleander vessel. JF - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing AU - Wilson, W J AU - Yueh, SH AU - Dinardo, S J AU - Chazanoff, S L AU - Kitiyakara, A AU - Li, F K AU - Rahmat-Samii, Y AD - Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA, william.j.wilson@jpl.nasa.gov Y1 - 2001/05// PY - 2001 DA - May 2001 SP - 1039 EP - 1048 VL - 39 IS - 5 SN - 0196-2892, 0196-2892 KW - USA, Oklahoma KW - USA, Virginia KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - Remote Sensing KW - Sea surface KW - Moisture KW - Microwave imagery KW - Microwave radiometric measurement of salinity KW - ANW, Atlantic, Gulf Stream KW - Oceanography KW - Microwave radiometric soil moisture measurements KW - Soil Water KW - ANW, USA, Virginia KW - Satellite sensing KW - Salinity KW - Microwaves KW - USA, Great Plains KW - Salinity measurement KW - Airborne microwave radiometers KW - Soils KW - Q2 09142:Methods and instruments KW - M2 551.501.795:Microwave techniques (551.501.795) KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - O 2090:Instruments/Methods KW - M2 551.460.062.5:Temperature, salinity (chlorinity), density and dynamic depth data (hydrographic data) (551.460.062.5) KW - M2 551.579.5:Soil moisture, percolation (551.579.5) KW - M2 551.507.352:Aircraft (551.507.352) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18341216?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IEEE+Transactions+on+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing&rft.atitle=Passive+Active+L-+and+S-Band+%28PALS%29+Microwave+Sensor+for+Ocean+Salinity+and+Soil+Moisture+Measurements&rft.au=Wilson%2C+W+J%3BYueh%2C+SH%3BDinardo%2C+S+J%3BChazanoff%2C+S+L%3BKitiyakara%2C+A%3BLi%2C+F+K%3BRahmat-Samii%2C+Y&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2001-05-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1039&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=IEEE+Transactions+on+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing&rft.issn=01962892&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Moisture; Sea surface; Satellite sensing; Salinity measurement; Microwave imagery; Soils; Microwave radiometric measurement of salinity; Airborne microwave radiometers; Microwave radiometric soil moisture measurements; Remote Sensing; Salinity; Microwaves; Oceanography; Soil Water; USA, Great Plains; ANW, Atlantic, Gulf Stream; ANW, USA, Virginia ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hydrological and Dynamical Characteristics of Summertime Droughts over U.S. Great Plains AN - 18184122; 5214635 AB - A drought pattern and its time evolution over the U.S. Great Plains are investigated from time series of climate divisional monthly mean surface air temperature and total precipitation anomalies. The spatial pattern consists of correlated occurrences of high (low) surface air temperature and deficit (excess) rainfall. The center of maximum amplitude in rain fluctuation is around Kansas City; that of temperature is over South Dakota. Internal consistency between temperature and precipitation variability is the salient feature of the drought pattern. A drought index is used to quantify drought severity for the period 1895-1996. The 12 severest drought months (in order) during this period are June 1933, June 1988, July 1936, August 1983, July 1934, July 1901, June 1931, August 1947, July 1930, June 1936, July 1954, and August 1936. Hydrological conditions are examined using National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) reanalysis precipitable water (PW) and monthly surface observations from Kansas City, Missouri, and Bismarck, North Dakota, near the drought centers. This analysis explains why droughts exhibit negative surface relative humidity anomalies accompanied by larger than normal monthly mean daily temperature ranges and why maximum PWs are confined to a strip of about 10 degree longitude from New Mexico and Arizona into the Dakotas and Minnesota. Dynamical conditions are examined using NCEP reanalysis sea level pressures and 500- and 200-mb geopotential heights. The analysis indicates a midtroposphere wave train with positive centers situated over the North Pacific, North America, and the North Atlantic, with negative centers in the southeastern Gulf of Alaska and Davis Strait. Above-normal sea level pressures over New Mexico, the North Atlantic, and the subtropical Pacific along with below-normal sea level pressures over the Gulf of Alaska eastward to Canada, Davis Strait, and Greenland are present during drought periods. The most prominent feature is the strong anticyclone over central North America. On a regional scale, midtropospheric westerly winds are weakened (or become easterly) south of a thermal heat low centered in South Dakota during drought episodes because of the north-south temperature reversal perturbation. The associated westward displaced Bermuda high leads to enhanced low-level warm flow into the Dakotas, thus helping to maintain the reversal in the meridional temperature gradient and the concomitant thermal wind reversal. Enhanced moisture transport from the Gulf of California into the western plains (part of the Great Basin monsoon process) results from the large-scale perturbation pressure pattern. Middle-upper level convergence maintains the water vapor strip east of the Rocky Mountains, while the Mississippi valley undergoes moisture cutoff from both this process and the westward shift in the Bermuda high. The strip of maximum PW then undergoes enhanced solar and infrared absorption that feeds back on the thermal heat low. Surface air temperatures warm while sinking motion balances middle-upper level radiative cooling around the Kansas City area. This is the dynamical coupling that leads to reduced surface relative humidities. The centers of high surface air temperature and deficit rainfall are dynamically consistent with patterns in geopotential heights, vertical velocities, and water vapor amounts. JF - Journal of Climate AU - Chang, F-C AU - Smith, E A AD - Earth System Science Center, University of Alabama--Huntsville, NASA-UAH Global Hydrology and Climate Center, Huntsville, Alabama, USA Y1 - 2001/05// PY - 2001 DA - May 2001 SP - 2296 EP - 2316 VL - 14 IS - 10 SN - 0894-8755, 0894-8755 KW - USA, Great Plains KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Weather KW - Synoptic conditions for drought KW - Air Temperature KW - Climates KW - Drought formation KW - Drought KW - Precipitation KW - Hydrologic Data KW - Drought patterns KW - M2 551.577.38:Drought (551.577.38) KW - M2 551.589.1:Average or frequency of climatic elements associated with synoptic types KW - SW 0810:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18184122?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Climate&rft.atitle=Hydrological+and+Dynamical+Characteristics+of+Summertime+Droughts+over+U.S.+Great+Plains&rft.au=Chang%2C+F-C%3BSmith%2C+E+A&rft.aulast=Chang&rft.aufirst=F-C&rft.date=2001-05-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=2296&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Climate&rft.issn=08948755&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Synoptic conditions for drought; Drought formation; Drought patterns; Weather; Air Temperature; Climates; Precipitation; Drought; Hydrologic Data ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Impact of ENSO on Extratropical Low-Frequency Noise in Seasonal Forecasts AN - 18184092; 5214638 AB - This study examines the variability in forecasts of the January-February-March (JFM) mean extratropical circulation and how that variability is modulated by the El Nino-Southern Oscillation. The analysis is based on ensembles of seasonal simulations made with an atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) forced with sea surface temperatures observed during the 1983 El Nino and 1989 La Nina events. The AGCM produces pronounced interannual differences in the magnitude of the extratropical seasonal mean noise (intraensemble JFM variability). The North Pacific, in particular, shows extensive regions in which the 1989 seasonal mean noise kinetic energy (SKE), which is dominated by a "Pacific-North American (PNA)-like" spatial structure, is more than 2 times that of the 1983 forecasts. The larger SKE in 1989 is associated with a larger-than-normal barotropic conversion of kinetic energy from the mean Pacific jet to the seasonal mean noise. The generation of SKE by submonthly transients also shows substantial interannual differences, though these are much smaller than the differences in the mean flow conversions. An analysis of the generation of monthly mean noise kinetic energy and its variability suggests that the seasonal mean noise is predominantly a statistical residue of variability resulting from dynamical processes operating on monthly and shorter timescales. A stochastically forced barotropic model (linearized about the AGCM's 1983 and 1989 seasonal and ensemble mean states) is used to further assess the role of the basic state, submonthly transients, and tropical forcing in modulating the uncertainties in the seasonal AGCM forecasts. When forced globally with spatially white noise, the linear model generates much larger variance for the 1989 basic state, consistent with the AGCM results. The extratropical variability for the 1989 basic state is dominated by a single eigenmode and is strongly coupled with forcing over the tropical western Pacific and the Indian Ocean. Linear calculations that include forcing from the AGCM variance of the tropical forcing and submonthly transients show a small impact on the variability over the PNA region as compared with that of the basic-state differences. JF - Journal of Climate AU - Schubert, S D AU - Suarez, MJ AU - Chang, Y AU - Branstator, G AD - NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Laboratory for Atmospheres, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA Y1 - 2001/05// PY - 2001 DA - May 2001 SP - 2351 EP - 2365 VL - 14 IS - 10 SN - 0894-8755, 0894-8755 KW - Annual variations KW - Modelling KW - Seasonality KW - Southern Oscillation KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Marine KW - ISW, Indian Ocean KW - El Nino-Southern Oscillation event forecasting KW - Variability KW - Seasonal Variations KW - Pacific/North American (PNA) pattern KW - Atmosphere KW - Model Studies KW - Seasonal forecasting KW - Oceans KW - El Nino KW - Atmospheric forcing KW - Ocean-atmosphere system KW - Climatology KW - Forecasting KW - Air Circulation KW - Weather forecasting KW - Tropical oceanography KW - ISEW, Tropical Pacific KW - Weather Patterns KW - El Nino phenomena KW - M2 551.509.33:Forecasts for long period (week, month or season) (551.509.33) KW - SW 0810:General KW - M2 551.513.7:Relations between distant regions (551.513.7) KW - M2 551.526.6:Oceans and seas (551.526.6) KW - Q2 09244:Air-sea coupling KW - O 2070:Meteorology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18184092?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Climate&rft.atitle=The+Impact+of+ENSO+on+Extratropical+Low-Frequency+Noise+in+Seasonal+Forecasts&rft.au=Schubert%2C+S+D%3BSuarez%2C+MJ%3BChang%2C+Y%3BBranstator%2C+G&rft.aulast=Schubert&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2001-05-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=2351&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Climate&rft.issn=08948755&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-06-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Atmospheric forcing; Ocean-atmosphere system; Weather forecasting; Tropical oceanography; Southern Oscillation; El Nino phenomena; El Nino-Southern Oscillation event forecasting; Seasonal forecasting; Pacific/North American (PNA) pattern; Seasonal Variations; Variability; El Nino; Oceans; Forecasting; Climatology; Air Circulation; Atmosphere; Model Studies; Weather Patterns; ISW, Indian Ocean; ISEW, Tropical Pacific; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determining the amount of physical activity needed for long-term weight control AN - 18143363; 5122878 AB - OBJECTIVE: To evaluate prospectively the influence of habitual physical activity on body weight of men and women and to develop a model that defines the role of physical activity on longitudinal weight change. DESIGN AND SETTING: Occupational cohort study conducted for a mean of 5.5 y. SUBJECTS: A total of 496 (341 male and 155 female) NASA/Johnson Space Center employees who completed the 3 month education component of the employee health-related fitness program and remained involved for a minimum of 2 y. MEASUREMENTS: Body weights were measured at baseline (T1) and follow-up (T2), and habitual physical activity was obtained from the mean of multiple ratings of the 11-point (0-10) NASA Activity Scale (NAS) recorded quarterly between T1 and T2. Other measures included age, gender, VO sub(2 max) obtained from maximal treadmill testing, body mass index (BMI), and body fat percentage. RESULTS: Multiple regression demonstrated that mean NAS, T1 weight, aging and gender all influence long-term T2 weight. T1 age was significant for the men only. Independently, each increase in mean NAS significantly (P < 0.01) reduced T2 weight in men (b = -0.91 kg; 95% CI: -1.4 to -0.42 kg) and women (b =