TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluating sensitivity of complex electrical methods for monitoring CO (sub 2) intrusion into a shallow groundwater system and associated geochemical transformations AN - 959100031; 2012-035997 AB - A risk factor of CO2 storage in deep geological formations includes its potential to leak into shallow formations and impact groundwater geochemistry and quality. In particular, CO2 decreases groundwater pH, which can potentially mobilize naturally occurring trace metals and ions commonly absorbed to or contained in sediments. Here, geophysical studies (primarily complex electrical method) are being carried out at both laboratory and field scales to evaluate the sensitivity of geophysical methods for monitoring dissolved CO2 distribution and geochemical transformations that may impact water quality. Our research is performed in association with a field test that is exploring the effects of dissolved CO2 intrusion on groundwater geochemistry. Laboratory experiments using site sediments (silica sand and some fraction of clay minerals) and groundwater were initially conducted under field relevant CO2 partial pressures (pCO2). A significant pH drop was observed with inline sensors with concurrent changes in fluid conductivity caused by CO2 dissolution. Electrical resistivity and electrical phase responses correlated well with the CO2 dissolution process at various pCO2. Specifically, resistivity decreased initially at low pCO2 condition resulting from CO2 dissolution followed by a slight rebound because of the transition of bicarbonate into non-dissociated carbonic acid at lower pH slightly reducing the total concentration of dissociated species. Continuous electrical phase decreases were also observed, which are interpreted to be driven by the decrease of surface charge density (due to the decrease of pH, which approaches the PZC of the sediments). In general, laboratory experiments revealed the sensitivity of electrical signals to CO2 intrusion into groundwater formations and can be used to guide field data interpretation. Cross well complex electrical data are currently being collected periodically throughout a field experiment involving the controlled release of dissolved CO2 into groundwater. The objective of the geophysical cross well monitoring effort is to evaluate the sensitivity of complex electrical methods to dissolved CO2 at the field scale. Here, we report on the ability to translate laboratory-based petrophysical information from lab to field scales, and on the potential of field complex electrical methods for remotely monitoring CO2-induced geochemical transformations. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Dafflon, B AU - Wu, Y AU - Hubbard, S S AU - Birkholzer, J T AU - Daley, T M AU - Pugh, J D AU - Peterson, J AU - Trautz, R C AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - December 2011 SP - Abstract GC41E EP - 02 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2011 KW - hydrology KW - water quality KW - carbon sequestration KW - geophysical methods KW - electrical methods KW - resistivity KW - ions KW - carbon dioxide KW - aquifers KW - dissolved materials KW - carbon KW - shallow aquifers KW - trace metals KW - chemical composition KW - pH KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/959100031?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Evaluating+sensitivity+of+complex+electrical+methods+for+monitoring+CO+%28sub+2%29+intrusion+into+a+shallow+groundwater+system+and+associated+geochemical+transformations&rft.au=Dafflon%2C+B%3BWu%2C+Y%3BHubbard%2C+S+S%3BBirkholzer%2C+J+T%3BDaley%2C+T+M%3BPugh%2C+J+D%3BPeterson%2C+J%3BTrautz%2C+R+C%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Dafflon&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=2011&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.agu.org/cgi-bin/SFgate/SFgate?language=English&verbose=0&listenv=table&application=fm11&convert=&converthl=&refinequery=&formintern=&formextern=&transquery=an%3dgc41e&_lines=&multiple=0&descriptor=%2fdata%2fepubs%2fwais%2findexes%2ffm11%2ffm11%7c1000%7c4976%7cEvaluating%20sensitivity%20of%20complex%20electrical%20methods%20for%20monitoring%20CO2%20intrusion%20into%20a%20shallow%20groundwater%20system%20and%20associated%20geochemical%20transformations%7cHTML%7clocalhost:0%7c%2fdata%2fepubs%2fwais%2findexes%2ffm11%2ffm11%7c27377695%2027382671%20%2fdata2%2fepubs%2fwais%2fdata%2ffm11%2ffm11.txt LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2011 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #07548 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifers; carbon; carbon dioxide; carbon sequestration; chemical composition; dissolved materials; electrical methods; geophysical methods; hydrology; ions; pH; resistivity; shallow aquifers; trace metals; water quality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Atmospheric impact of large methane emission in the Arctic region AN - 959099418; 2012-035978 AB - A highly potent greenhouse gas, methane, is locked in the solid phase as ice-like deposits containing a mixture of water and gas (mostly methane) called clathrates, in ocean sediments and underneath permafrost regions. Clathrates are stable under high pressure and low temperatures. Recent estimates suggest that about 1600-2000 GtC of clathrates are present in oceans and 400 GtC in Arctic permafrost (Archer et al.2009) which is about 4000 times that of current annual emissions. In a warming climate, increase in ocean temperatures could alter the geothermal gradient, which in turn could lead to dissociation of the clathrates and release of methane into the ocean and subsequently into the atmosphere as well. This could be of particular importance in the shallow part of the Arctic Ocean where the clathrates are found in depths of only 300 m. In this presentation, we shall show results from our ongoing simulation of a scenario of large scale methane outgassing from clathrate dissociation due to warming ocean temperatures in the Arctic based on ocean sediment modeling. To that end we use the CESM (Community Earth System Model) version 1 with fully active coupled atmosphere-ocean-land model together with fast atmospheric chemistry module to simulate the response to increasing methane emissions in the Barents Sea, Canadian Archipelago and the Sea of Okhotsk. The simulation shows the effect these methane emissions could have on global surface methane, surface ozone, surface air temperature and other related indices. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Bhattacharyya, S AU - Cameron-Smith, P J AU - Bergmann, D AU - Reagan, M T AU - Collins, W AU - Elliott, S M AU - Maltrud, M E AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - December 2011 SP - Abstract GC41B EP - 0803 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2011 KW - permafrost KW - gas hydrates KW - Arctic Archipelago KW - aliphatic hydrocarbons KW - West Pacific KW - temperature KW - Okhotsk Sea KW - atmospheric circulation KW - marine sediments KW - Barents Sea KW - Nunavut KW - sediments KW - Arctic Ocean KW - Northwest Pacific KW - chemical composition KW - soils KW - methane KW - Arctic region KW - atmosphere KW - alkanes KW - clathrates KW - organic compounds KW - Canada KW - North Pacific KW - Pacific Ocean KW - hydrocarbons KW - air KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/959099418?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Atmospheric+impact+of+large+methane+emission+in+the+Arctic+region&rft.au=Bhattacharyya%2C+S%3BCameron-Smith%2C+P+J%3BBergmann%2C+D%3BReagan%2C+M+T%3BCollins%2C+W%3BElliott%2C+S+M%3BMaltrud%2C+M+E%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Bhattacharyya&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=2011&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2011 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2017, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-19 N1 - CODEN - #07548 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - air; aliphatic hydrocarbons; alkanes; Arctic Archipelago; Arctic Ocean; Arctic region; atmosphere; atmospheric circulation; Barents Sea; Canada; chemical composition; clathrates; gas hydrates; hydrocarbons; marine sediments; methane; North Pacific; Northwest Pacific; Nunavut; Okhotsk Sea; organic compounds; Pacific Ocean; permafrost; sediments; soils; temperature; West Pacific ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An assessment of the carbon balance of Arctic tundra; comparisons among observations, process models, and atmospheric inversions AN - 959096411; 2012-036003 AB - Although Arctic tundra has been estimated to cover only 8% of the global land surface, the large and potentially volatile carbon pools currently stored in Arctic soils have the potential for large emissions of radiatively active greenhouse gases in the form of both CO2 and CH4 under warmer conditions, resulting in a positive feedback to global warming. Given the potential sensitivity of Arctic tundra to climate change and the expectation that the Arctic will experience appreciable warming over the next century, it is important to assess whether responses of carbon storage in Arctic tundra are likely to enhance or mitigate warming. In this analysis we compare estimates of carbon dynamics of Arctic tundra between 1990 and the late 2000s among observations, process-based models, and inversion models. A synthesis of compiled flux observations for Arctic tundra indicates that the annual exchange of CO2 cannot be distinguished from neutral balance across the range of studies that have been conducted. The process-based models indicate that the net ecosystem production of Arctic tundra ranged between 10 and 30 g C m-2 yr-1 from 1990-2006. Only one of the process-based models estimates that NEP is increasing in the 1990s and 2000s. Three of the four process-based models have a similar range of interannual variability in GPP, NPP, RH, and NEP. GPP, NPP, and RH are generally well correlated among the models, but the interannual variability in NEP is poorly correlated among the models. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - McGuire, A D AU - Christensen, Torben R AU - Hayes, D J AU - Heroult, Arnaud AU - Kimball, John S AU - Koven, C D AU - Lafleur, P AU - Miller, Paul AU - Oechel, W C AU - Sitch, S AU - Williams, Mat D AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - December 2011 SP - Abstract GC41F EP - 01 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2011 KW - soils KW - methane KW - tundra KW - Arctic region KW - aliphatic hydrocarbons KW - atmosphere KW - global change KW - alkanes KW - climate change KW - geochemical cycle KW - carbon dioxide KW - models KW - organic compounds KW - carbon KW - hydrocarbons KW - greenhouse gases KW - carbon cycle KW - global warming KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/959096411?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=An+assessment+of+the+carbon+balance+of+Arctic+tundra%3B+comparisons+among+observations%2C+process+models%2C+and+atmospheric+inversions&rft.au=McGuire%2C+A+D%3BChristensen%2C+Torben+R%3BHayes%2C+D+J%3BHeroult%2C+Arnaud%3BKimball%2C+John+S%3BKoven%2C+C+D%3BLafleur%2C+P%3BMiller%2C+Paul%3BOechel%2C+W+C%3BSitch%2C+S%3BWilliams%2C+Mat+D%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=McGuire&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=2011&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2011 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2017, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-19 N1 - CODEN - #07548 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aliphatic hydrocarbons; alkanes; Arctic region; atmosphere; carbon; carbon cycle; carbon dioxide; climate change; geochemical cycle; global change; global warming; greenhouse gases; hydrocarbons; methane; models; organic compounds; soils; tundra ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Seismic signatures of supercritical CO (sub 2) injection/drainage within brine saturated sandstone samples AN - 959096327; 2012-036000 AB - Successful sequestration of CO2 in geological formations requires high-resolution monitoring of injected CO2 location and accurate determination of CO2 saturation in the pore space, typically using seismic methods. Although understanding of the rock physics (relationship between geophysical properties such as seismic velocities and attenuations and the physical characteristics and environmental parameters of rock including porosity and saturation) of partially saturated rock has advanced significantly in recent years, relationships between heterogeneities of rock (both inherent heterogeneity in the rock fabric and structure and distribution of multiple fluid phases in the rock) and its impact on seismic properties are complex and difficult to understand using existing models. Further, most laboratory experiments to date examining the seismic signatures of fluid substitution involving liquid or supercritical (sc-) CO2 have been conducted at ultrasonic frequencies which could result in very different results from field measurements, and also their interpretations are often made assuming sample homogeneity. We present the results of our recent laboratory measurements on the changes in sonic-frequency seismic properties of initially brine saturated sandstone samples during sc-CO2 injection and drainage. High-permeability reference sandstone sample (Berea, approximately 680 mD) and a medium-permeability ( approximately 15 mD) reservoir sandstone used for sequestration (Tuscaloosa formation from Cranfield, Mississippi) were tested. A modified resonant bar method (the Split Hopkinson Resonant Bar method) was used to measure near-1 kHz seismic velocities and attenuations. This method allows us to use small core samples which are typically available from boreholes. Although our measurement frequency was higher than typical field seismic measurements, it is close to the frequencies which have been used for recent cross-hole seismic monitoring of CO2 injection at several sequestration demonstration sites, including Cranfield. Preliminary results show several significant differences in the seismic signatures between the two sandstones. For example, the higher-permeability Berea sandstone exhibited a sharp peak in P-wave attenuation during sc-CO2 injection, before the breakthrough of the CO2 through the core sample occurred. In contrast, the lower-permeability Cranfield reservoir sandstone exhibited nearly monotonic increases in attenuation and no recovery in seismic amplitude during sc-CO2 injection. These differences are attributed to the differences in the scale of wave-induced diffusive pressure waves (slow P waves) and the fluid patch sizes between the two samples. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Nakagawa, S AU - Kneafsey, T J AU - Rees, E V AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - December 2011 SP - Abstract GC41E EP - 05 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2011 KW - United States KW - North America KW - carbon sequestration KW - Cretaceous KW - Mississippi KW - sandstone KW - elastic waves KW - Gulf Coastal Plain KW - Upper Cretaceous KW - Mesozoic KW - climate change KW - reservoir rocks KW - carbon dioxide KW - attenuation KW - Adams County Mississippi KW - sedimentary rocks KW - Cranfield Mississippi KW - brines KW - seismic waves KW - Tuscaloosa Formation KW - clastic rocks KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/959096327?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Seismic+signatures+of+supercritical+CO+%28sub+2%29+injection%2Fdrainage+within+brine+saturated+sandstone+samples&rft.au=Nakagawa%2C+S%3BKneafsey%2C+T+J%3BRees%2C+E+V%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Nakagawa&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=2011&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.agu.org/cgi-bin/SFgate/SFgate?language=English&verbose=0&listenv=table&application=fm11&convert=&converthl=&refinequery=&formintern=&formextern=&transquery=an%3dgc41e&_lines=&multiple=0&descriptor=%2fdata%2fepubs%2fwais%2findexes%2ffm11%2ffm11%7c1000%7c4261%7cSeismic%20signatures%20of%20supercritical%20CO2%20injection%2fdrainage%20within%20brine%20saturated%20sandstone%20samples%20%3ci%3e%28Invited%29%3c%2fi%3e%7cHTML%7clocalhost:0%7c%2fdata%2fepubs%2fwais%2findexes%2ffm11%2ffm11%7c27389020%2027393281%20%2fdata2%2fepubs%2fwais%2fdata%2ffm11%2ffm11.txt LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2011 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #07548 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Adams County Mississippi; attenuation; brines; carbon dioxide; carbon sequestration; clastic rocks; climate change; Cranfield Mississippi; Cretaceous; elastic waves; Gulf Coastal Plain; Mesozoic; Mississippi; North America; reservoir rocks; sandstone; sedimentary rocks; seismic waves; Tuscaloosa Formation; United States; Upper Cretaceous ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Monitoring the geologic storage of carbon dioxide using multi-component SAR interferometry AN - 959096041; 2012-035998 AB - Combining interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data from ascending and descending orbits we are able to estimate both vertical and across-track horizontal displacements for a region in Algeria. The area encompasses an active, large-scale carbon dioxide storage project and the surface deformation associated with the injection is clearly visible in the InSAR estimates. We find that the addition of horizontal displacement data enables us to discriminate between source models. In particular, predictions from a model consisting of a distribution of volume changes solely within the reservoir does not match the across-track horizontal displacement data. However, aperture changes on three sub-vertical damage zones do lead to predictions of vertical and horizontal displacements that match the observations. Thus, the hypothesized damage zones appear to play a role in the flow of carbon dioxide at depth. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Vasco, D W AU - Rucci, Alessio AU - Novali, Fabrizio AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - December 2011 SP - Abstract GC41E EP - 03 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2011 KW - monitoring KW - carbon sequestration KW - North Africa KW - radar methods KW - geodesy KW - satellite methods KW - interferometry KW - climate change KW - carbon dioxide KW - SAR KW - Africa KW - InSAR KW - Algeria KW - remote sensing KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/959096041?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Monitoring+the+geologic+storage+of+carbon+dioxide+using+multi-component+SAR+interferometry&rft.au=Vasco%2C+D+W%3BRucci%2C+Alessio%3BNovali%2C+Fabrizio%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Vasco&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=2011&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2011 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2014, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2014-09-18 N1 - CODEN - #07548 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Africa; Algeria; carbon dioxide; carbon sequestration; climate change; geodesy; InSAR; interferometry; monitoring; North Africa; radar methods; remote sensing; SAR; satellite methods ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analytical solution for two-phase flow in a wellbore using the drift-flux model AN - 911160422; 16077568 AB - This paper presents analytical solutions for steady-state, compressible two-phase flow through a wellbore under isothermal conditions using the drift flux conceptual model. Although only applicable to highly idealized systems, the analytical solutions are useful for verifying numerical simulation capabilities that can handle much more complicated systems, and can be used in their own right for gaining insight about two-phase flow processes in wells. The analytical solutions are obtained by solving the mixture momentum equation of steady-state, two-phase flow with an assumption that the two phases are immiscible. These analytical solutions describe the steady-state behavior of two-phase flow in the wellbore, including profiles of phase saturation, phase velocities, and pressure gradients, as affected by the total mass flow rate, phase mass fraction, and drift velocity (i.e., the slip between two phases). Close matching between the analytical solutions and numerical solutions for a hypothetical CO2 leakage problem as well as to field data from a CO2 production well indicates that the analytical solution is capable of capturing the major features of steady-state two-phase flow through an open wellbore, and that the related assumptions and simplifications are justified for many actual systems. In addition, we demonstrate the utility of the analytical solution to evaluate how the bottomhole pressure in a well in which CO2 is leaking upward responds to the mass flow rate of CO2-water mixture. JF - Advances in Water Resources AU - Pan, Lehua AU - Webb, Stephen W AU - Oldenburg, Curtis M AD - Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, MS-9016, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA, LPAN@lbl.gov Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - Dec 2011 SP - 1656 EP - 1665 PB - Elsevier B.V., The Boulevard Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB United Kingdom VL - 34 IS - 12 SN - 0309-1708, 0309-1708 KW - Environment Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Aqualine Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Water resources KW - Utilities KW - Flow rates KW - Flow Rates KW - Phase velocity KW - Modelling KW - Leakage KW - Mathematical models KW - Velocity KW - Simulation KW - Saturation KW - Multiphase Flow KW - Model Studies KW - Numerical simulations KW - Profiles KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Fluctuations KW - Pressure gradients KW - Carbon Dioxide KW - Q2 09403:Chemicals from sea water KW - AQ 00006:Sewage KW - SW 6010:Structures KW - ENA 16:Renewable Resources-Water KW - M2 551.510.3/.4:Physical Properties/Composition (551.510.3/.4) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/911160422?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+Water+Resources&rft.atitle=Analytical+solution+for+two-phase+flow+in+a+wellbore+using+the+drift-flux+model&rft.au=Pan%2C+Lehua%3BWebb%2C+Stephen+W%3BOldenburg%2C+Curtis+M&rft.aulast=Pan&rft.aufirst=Lehua&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1656&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advances+in+Water+Resources&rft.issn=03091708&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.advwatres.2011.08.009 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mathematical models; Water resources; Phase velocity; Carbon dioxide; Pressure gradients; Modelling; Numerical simulations; Leakage; Simulation; Velocity; Flow rates; Flow Rates; Profiles; Saturation; Fluctuations; Utilities; Multiphase Flow; Model Studies; Carbon Dioxide DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2011.08.009 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Progress toward understanding of coupled microbiology, biogeochemistry, and hydrogeology controls on subsurface mobility of uranium AN - 1855322143; 2017-002262 AB - Uranium as an anthropogenic environmental contaminant stems from nuclear weapons production and the nuclear fuel cycle for nuclear power generation over the last 65 years. Progress in research, monitoring, and clean up at such sites has resulted in both long-term monitoring and field scale manipulation experimental data that are enabling in-depth understanding of coupling among microbiology, biogeochemistry, and hydrogeology subsurface processes controlling mobility of U. One such site, the U.S. Department of Energy's IFRC at Rifle, CO, has hosted several acetate electron donor amendment and non-biostimulated desorption tracer tests culminating in an experiment in 2010 in which bicarbonate promoted uranium desorption and acetate amendment were combined and compared to an acetate amendment-only experiment in the same experimental plot. Enzymatic U reduction rates were not impacted by the increased abundance of Ca-uranyl-carbonate aqueous complexes in the bicarbonate part of the experiment. However, the importance of changes in bicarbonate on U desorption is clear. Bicarbonate increases during acetate-only field experiments due to microbial activity promote U desorption and this must be accounted for in estimating field-scale reduction rates for U. The Rifle site also has more than a decade of monitoring data that show the plume is attenuating much slower than predicted. Naturally reduced zones at the site indicate that microbially-mediated natural reducing conditions have partially reduced U(VI) to U(IV) and this contributes to plume persistence. However, we are just beginning to explore the full range of biogeochemical processes that will enable us to more accurately predict plume attenuation and that will be needed to either enhance or decrease mobility of U as remedial strategies. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Long, P E AU - Williams, K H AU - Davis, J A AU - Banfield, J F AU - Bargar, J AU - Lovley, D R AU - Hatfield, K AU - Wilkins, Michael J AU - Yabusaki, S AU - Murray, Chris J AU - Jaffe, P R AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - December 2011 SP - Abstract V22B EP - 01 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2011 KW - United States KW - desorption KW - Garfield County Colorado KW - contaminant plumes KW - isotopes KW - Rifle Site KW - hydrogeology KW - ground water KW - controls KW - Rifle Colorado KW - radioactive isotopes KW - tracers KW - nuclear explosions KW - mobility KW - high-level waste KW - toxic materials KW - experimental studies KW - monitoring KW - explosions KW - biochemistry KW - pollution KW - migration of elements KW - bicarbonate ion KW - metals KW - uranium KW - Colorado KW - actinides KW - microbiology KW - 02D:Isotope geochemistry KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1855322143?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Progress+toward+understanding+of+coupled+microbiology%2C+biogeochemistry%2C+and+hydrogeology+controls+on+subsurface+mobility+of+uranium&rft.au=Long%2C+P+E%3BWilliams%2C+K+H%3BDavis%2C+J+A%3BBanfield%2C+J+F%3BBargar%2C+J%3BLovley%2C+D+R%3BHatfield%2C+K%3BWilkins%2C+Michael+J%3BYabusaki%2C+S%3BMurray%2C+Chris+J%3BJaffe%2C+P+R%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Long&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=2011&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2011 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2017, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-05 N1 - CODEN - #07548 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - actinides; bicarbonate ion; biochemistry; Colorado; contaminant plumes; controls; desorption; experimental studies; explosions; Garfield County Colorado; ground water; high-level waste; hydrogeology; isotopes; metals; microbiology; migration of elements; mobility; monitoring; nuclear explosions; pollution; radioactive isotopes; Rifle Colorado; Rifle Site; toxic materials; tracers; United States; uranium ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Speciation of uranium in biologically reduced sediments during iron and sulfate reduction in the Old Rifle Aquifer AN - 1855322139; 2017-002268 AB - The persistence and mobility of uranium in groundwater is intimately related to the different biogeochemical conditions found at contaminated sites. Understanding the different U(IV) species, their stability and transformation products in subsurface environments, particularly those found in naturally reduced and bioremediated sediments, is critical to developing field-scale models required to predict the long term fate of this hazardous element. Microbial reduction of U(VI) and subsequent formation uraninite, can occur over a period of several years, but little is known about the structure and stability of intermediate products of U(IV) that can form prior to uraninite generation. The study of these intermediate U(IV) species in naturally reduced systems is challenging because of the limited concentrations of uranium present in these sediments, which makes detailed spectroscopic and microscopic analysis difficult if not impossible. In this study we have developed an in-situ technique for studying U(IV) products of biological U(VI) reduction and their dynamics in aquifers over the scale of days to years. This technique uses in-well columns to obtain direct access to sediment U(IV) species, evolving microbial communities, and trace and major ion groundwater constituents. Whole sediments from these in-situ columns have been examined using x-ray and electron microscopy,and extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy. EXAFS measurements revealed that U(IV) was primarily present as monomeric U(IV) species with first-shell coordination to oxygen atoms. Furthermore, different reduced U(IV) products were observed during sulfate and Fe reducing regimes, showing the strong dependence of the reduced product on biogeochemical conditions. This work establishes the importance of non-uraninite forms of U(IV) in subsurface sediments and provides a conceptual framework in which previously observed U(IV) reduction products can be related. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Lezama-Pacheco, J S AU - Bargar, J AU - Stubbs, J AU - Bernier-Latmani, Rizlan AU - Suvorova, E AU - Williams, K H AU - Davis, J A AU - Fox, P M AU - Giammar, D AU - Cerrato, J AU - Long, P AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - December 2011 SP - Abstract V22B EP - 07 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2011 KW - United States KW - water quality KW - Garfield County Colorado KW - remediation KW - ground water KW - Rifle Colorado KW - sediments KW - oxides KW - reduction KW - sulfate ion KW - in situ KW - sulfates KW - pollution KW - migration of elements KW - bioremediation KW - iron sulfates KW - Old Rifle Aquifer KW - metals KW - uranium KW - transformations KW - Colorado KW - uraninite KW - actinides KW - microorganisms KW - chemical fractionation KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1855322139?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Speciation+of+uranium+in+biologically+reduced+sediments+during+iron+and+sulfate+reduction+in+the+Old+Rifle+Aquifer&rft.au=Lezama-Pacheco%2C+J+S%3BBargar%2C+J%3BStubbs%2C+J%3BBernier-Latmani%2C+Rizlan%3BSuvorova%2C+E%3BWilliams%2C+K+H%3BDavis%2C+J+A%3BFox%2C+P+M%3BGiammar%2C+D%3BCerrato%2C+J%3BLong%2C+P%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Lezama-Pacheco&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=2011&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2011 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2017, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-05 N1 - CODEN - #07548 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - actinides; bioremediation; chemical fractionation; Colorado; Garfield County Colorado; ground water; in situ; iron sulfates; metals; microorganisms; migration of elements; Old Rifle Aquifer; oxides; pollution; reduction; remediation; Rifle Colorado; sediments; sulfate ion; sulfates; transformations; United States; uraninite; uranium; water quality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Impact of natural organic matter on uranium transport through saturated geologic materials; from molecular to column scale AN - 1844921517; 2016-099530 AB - The transport of radionuclides within geologic environments is of considerable concern. Actinides migrate in association with mineral particles and organic matter that occur naturally in nearly all groundwaters. The role of mineral colloids in facilitating radionuclide transport has been reported in numerous studies, but the effects of waterborne organic matter on radionuclide mobility have received less attention. In this study, we compared the abilities of three humic acids (HAs) (obtained through sequential extraction of a peat soil) to co-transport uranium (U) within water-saturated sand columns. We also measured kinetics of U desorption from the HAs in separate experiments by using a novel, continuously stirred flow system (CSFS). Maximum relative breakthrough concentrations of U in our column experiments increased from undetectable levels (<0.001) in the absence of HAs to 0.17 to 0.54 with HAs. The strength of the HA effect on U mobility was positively correlated with the NMR-detected content of paraffinic carbon and the hydrophobicity of HAs, which indicates the importance of hydrophobic organic matter in facilitating U transport. Consistently, near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectra coupled with scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) show that bound U was concentrated in micro areas of the HA that were composed of more hydrophobic carbon. Further analyses of the breakthrough data together with the data from the CSFS experiments revealed that the rates of U desorption from the HAs decreased with decreasing hydrophobicity of the HAs. This finding suggests that U association with hydrophilic moieties of the HAs was irreversible or very-slowly reversible, possibly due to the formation of strong, inner-sphere surface complexes. Using information gleaned from the CSFS experiments on U-HA interactions, model simulations for U and HA transport indicate that colloidal HAs may play a more important role than dissolved HAs in mobilizing and co-transporting U. Given that these organic substances occur commonly in real groundwaters, descriptions of radionuclide transport should account for interactions between aqueous-phase radionuclides and natural organic matter. Furthermore, the present study has demonstrated the considerable sensitivity of U mobility within water-saturated geologic sediments to the hydrophobicity of pore-water HAs; therefore, we recommend that evaluations of radionuclide transport within subsurface environments consider the chemical characteristics of waterborne organic substances. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Yang, Y AU - Saiers, J E AU - Xu, N AU - Shuh, D AU - Tyliszczak, T AU - Barnett, M AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - December 2011 SP - Abstract V23C EP - 2584 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2011 KW - desorption KW - isotopes KW - complexing KW - ground water KW - radioactive isotopes KW - transport KW - sequential extraction KW - sediments KW - molecular dynamics KW - hydrophilic materials KW - breakthrough curves KW - hydrophobic materials KW - soils KW - concentration KW - toxic materials KW - experimental studies KW - colloidal materials KW - solutes KW - pollution KW - porous materials KW - migration of elements KW - peat KW - metals KW - uranium KW - actinides KW - 02D:Isotope geochemistry KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1844921517?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Impact+of+natural+organic+matter+on+uranium+transport+through+saturated+geologic+materials%3B+from+molecular+to+column+scale&rft.au=Yang%2C+Y%3BSaiers%2C+J+E%3BXu%2C+N%3BShuh%2C+D%3BTyliszczak%2C+T%3BBarnett%2C+M%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Yang&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=2011&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2011 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2016-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-01 N1 - CODEN - #07548 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - actinides; breakthrough curves; colloidal materials; complexing; concentration; desorption; experimental studies; ground water; hydrophilic materials; hydrophobic materials; isotopes; metals; migration of elements; molecular dynamics; peat; pollution; porous materials; radioactive isotopes; sediments; sequential extraction; soils; solutes; toxic materials; transport; uranium ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Structure and reactivity of the uraninite (111) surface AN - 1844921473; 2016-099531 AB - Corrosion of uraninite (UO2)--a surface-mediated process--is fundamental in controlling uranium contamination and mobility in the environment, the performance of nuclear power systems, and the stability of nuclear waste. The structure of hydrated uraninite-water interfaces under pristine and oxidized conditions is seminally important to uraninite corrosion, and thus to nuclear and environmental chemistry. Until now, UO2 surface studies have been limited to vacuum-based techniques, generally conducted at elevated temperatures. UO2 surfaces have not previously been studied in the presence of liquid water. The crystal truncation rod (CTR) X-ray diffraction method is ideally suited to such measurements, as it specifically probes structures at two-dimensional interfaces. The (111) surface structure of single-crystal synthetic UO2 has been measured under both dry and hydrated conditions. Even during nominally anaerobic handling, a nanometer-dimensioned layer of UO2+x can form, which is structurally commensurate with the underlying UO2. This overlayer can be partially dissolved by exposure to liquid water, consistent with the relatively high solubility of oxidized uranium. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Stubbs, J AU - Eng, P J AU - Waychunas, G A AU - Bargar, J AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - December 2011 SP - Abstract V23C EP - 2585 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2011 KW - corrosion KW - oxidation KW - solutes KW - pollution KW - mineral-water interface KW - power plants KW - solubility KW - radioactive waste KW - hydration KW - nuclear energy KW - metals KW - oxides KW - anaerobic environment KW - uranium KW - waste disposal KW - uraninite KW - actinides KW - mineral surface KW - 02B:Hydrochemistry KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1844921473?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Structure+and+reactivity+of+the+uraninite+%28111%29+surface&rft.au=Stubbs%2C+J%3BEng%2C+P+J%3BWaychunas%2C+G+A%3BBargar%2C+J%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Stubbs&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=2011&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2011 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2016-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-01 N1 - CODEN - #07548 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - actinides; anaerobic environment; corrosion; hydration; metals; mineral surface; mineral-water interface; nuclear energy; oxidation; oxides; pollution; power plants; radioactive waste; solubility; solutes; uraninite; uranium; waste disposal ER - TY - JOUR T1 - 3D frequency modeling of elastic seismic wave propagation via a structured massively parallel direct Helmholtz solver AN - 1824216398; 2016-084056 AB - We consider the modeling of elastic seismic wave propagation on a rectangular domain via the discretization and solution of the inhomogeneous coupled Helmholtz equation in 3D, by exploiting a parallel multifrontal sparse direct solver equipped with Hierarchically Semi-Separable (HSS) structure to reduce the computational complexity and storage. In particular, we are concerned with solving this equation on a large domain, for a large number of different forcing terms in the context of seismic problems in general, and modeling in particular. We resort to a parsimonious mixed grid finite differences scheme for discretizing the Helmholtz operator and Perfect Matched Layer boundaries, resulting in a non-Hermitian matrix. We make use of a nested dissection based domain decomposition, and introduce an approximate direct solver by developing a parallel HSS matrix compression, factorization, and solution approach. We cast our massive parallelization in the framework of the multifrontal method. The assembly tree is partitioned into local trees and a global tree. The local trees are eliminated independently in each processor, while the global tree is eliminated through massive communication. The solver for the inhomogeneous equation is a parallel hybrid between multifrontal and HSS structure. The computational complexity associated with the factorization is almost linear with the size of the Helmholtz matrix. Our numerical approach can be compared with the spectral element method in 3D seismic applications. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Wang, S AU - de Hoop, M V AU - Xia, J AU - Li, X AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - December 2011 SP - Abstract S51D EP - 06 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2011 KW - spherical harmonic analysis KW - numerical models KW - three-dimensional models KW - Helmholtz equation KW - spectral analysis KW - propagation KW - elastic waves KW - seismic waves KW - frequency KW - 19:Seismology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1824216398?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=3D+frequency+modeling+of+elastic+seismic+wave+propagation+via+a+structured+massively+parallel+direct+Helmholtz+solver&rft.au=Wang%2C+S%3Bde+Hoop%2C+M+V%3BXia%2C+J%3BLi%2C+X%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=2011&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2011 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2016-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-29 N1 - CODEN - #07548 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - elastic waves; frequency; Helmholtz equation; numerical models; propagation; seismic waves; spectral analysis; spherical harmonic analysis; three-dimensional models ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Krauklis wave in rock fractures filled with fluid AN - 1803775851; 2016-060786 AB - The Krauklis wave is a slow dispersive mode that propagates in a fluid layer bounded by elastic media. This wave was first reported by Krauklis (1962) who, in studying single fractures, found its analytical form and described its main properties, such as dominant polarization along the walls, high dispersion, and a propagation velocity going to zero at the zero frequency limit. Independently, Lloyd and Redwood (1965) and later Paillet and White (1982) found this wave numerically, as a root of the correspondent determinant for a linear system representing boundary conditions. Since then, many authors have reported on interesting properties of this slow fluid wave, including its high amplitude and its central role in wave propagation within fractures (Ferrazzini and Aki, 1987; Groenenboom and Falk, 2000; Groenenboom and Fokkema, 1998; Ziatdinov et al., 2006; Korneev, 2008; Korneev et al., 2009; Frehner and Schmalholz, 2010; Derov et al., 2009). (Note that some authors--Bell and Fletcher, 2004; Elliott, 2007) suggest that these slow fluid waves play a key role in hearing physiology.) The Krauklis wave has been observed in the laboratory (Tang and Cheng, 1988; Hassan and Nagy, 1997), in field data during hydrofracturing (Ferrazzini et al., 1990), and in cross-well seismic (Goloshubin et al., 1994). Chouet (1996) suggested that low-frequency seismic tremors taking place before volcano eruptions can be explained by this wave propagating in molten lava. Analytical and numerical results suggest that Krauklis wave has dominant amplitudes compared to all other waves and can store most of the energy of seismic waves in fractured media. At the laboratory scale (less that 1 m ) models it is possible to observe resonances caused by the Krauklis wave at frequencies below 10 Hz. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Korneev, V A AU - Danilovskaya, L AU - Kashtan, B M AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - December 2011 SP - Abstract T51I EP - 07 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2011 KW - numerical models KW - Krauklis wave KW - elastic waves KW - frequency KW - fluid dynamics KW - layered materials KW - boundary conditions KW - fractures KW - seismicity KW - eruptions KW - velocity KW - elastodynamic properties KW - propagation KW - seismic waves KW - wave dispersion KW - amplitude KW - 19:Seismology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1803775851?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Krauklis+wave+in+rock+fractures+filled+with+fluid&rft.au=Korneev%2C+V+A%3BDanilovskaya%2C+L%3BKashtan%2C+B+M%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Korneev&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=2011&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2011 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2016-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2016-07-14 N1 - CODEN - #07548 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - amplitude; boundary conditions; elastic waves; elastodynamic properties; eruptions; fluid dynamics; fractures; frequency; Krauklis wave; layered materials; numerical models; propagation; seismic waves; seismicity; velocity; wave dispersion ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Recent results from crosswell CASSM (continuous active-source seismic monitoring) AN - 1803774925; 2016-060783 AB - The precision in-situ measurement of seismic properties has been previously demonstrated by crosswell CASSM surveys utilizing piezoelectric seismic sources and various seismic sensors. The underlying precision of travel time measurement (and hence velocity measurement) is shown to be a function of signal-to-noise ratio (S/N), and therefore the semi-permanent CASSM deployment allows massive stacking to provide very large S/N. With high precision data, properties such as the velocity-stress dependence can be resolved. In this presentation, data from three recent CASSM deployments will be shown. First, we will present the recent measurement of stress dependence at 1 km depth in the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD). This work follows on the published observation of preseismic stress changes (Niu, et al, 2008) with a redeployment of instrumentation at SAFOD. The latest SAFOD deployment, in which we collected approximately 40-days of data, from February 19, 2010 to March 31, 2010, suffered from instrumentation failure before observation of seismicity, but data for velocity-stress calibration was acquired using barometric pressure, and the stress sensitivity result of approximately 2.5 X 10 (super -7) Pa (super -1) is in agreement with our previous measurement. Secondly, we show a measurement of effective stress dependence in a 3 km deep reservoir used for CO (sub 2) sequestration in Cranfield, MS. This experiment uses a fluid pump test, with downhole pressure gauge, to demonstrate a velocity-stress sensitivity of approximately 5 X 10 (super -6) MPa (super -1) . In the third CASSM experiment, the methodology was expanded to multi-level measurement (ML-CASSM) of hydrofracture growth in a shallow ( approximately 30 m) bioremediation project. In this experiment we demonstrate the first fully automated multi-source/multi-sensor CASSM system capable of tomographic velocity imaging with temporal resolution of 3-4 minutes. This temporal sampling allowed quantitative imaging of velocity changing in response to fracture growth. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Daley, T M AU - Ajo Franklin, J B AU - Niu, F AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - December 2011 SP - Abstract T51I EP - 04 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2011 KW - United States KW - tomography KW - monitoring KW - carbon sequestration KW - stress KW - SAFOD KW - Mississippi KW - geophysical methods KW - seismic sources KW - bioremediation KW - oil and gas fields KW - seismic methods KW - remediation KW - carbon dioxide KW - seismicity KW - stacking KW - Cranfield Mississippi KW - velocity KW - signal-to-noise ratio KW - instruments KW - 19:Seismology KW - 20:Applied geophysics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1803774925?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Recent+results+from+crosswell+CASSM+%28continuous+active-source+seismic+monitoring%29&rft.au=Daley%2C+T+M%3BAjo+Franklin%2C+J+B%3BNiu%2C+F%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Daley&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=2011&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2011 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2016-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2016-07-14 N1 - CODEN - #07548 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - bioremediation; carbon dioxide; carbon sequestration; Cranfield Mississippi; geophysical methods; instruments; Mississippi; monitoring; oil and gas fields; remediation; SAFOD; seismic methods; seismic sources; seismicity; signal-to-noise ratio; stacking; stress; tomography; United States; velocity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An embedded boundary approach for the simulation of precipitation and dissolution in sediments at the pore scale AN - 1765874963; 2016-015166 AB - Precipitation (or dissolution) of mineral grains modifies the geometry of the pore space in subsurface sediment with evolving solid-liquid boundaries. In turn, changes in the pore space alter the groundwater flow through the sediment, which ultimately affects the continuum scale reaction rates that are relevant for field applications such as carbon sequestration. Modeling provides a unique tool to understand and quantify the feedback processes between mineral precipitation (or dissolution) and flow at the pore scale. However, for modeling to accurately resolve the flow and reactive transport dynamics at the micrometer length scale in real porous media sediments, a method capable of representing complex solid-fluid and fluid-fluid boundaries in a high performance simulation framework is necessary. Here we present a modeling approach coupling flow and transport at the pore scale with multicomponent geochemistry that utilizes the embedded boundary method to characterize fluid-solid interfaces. The development is based on an adaptive, parallelized flow and transport software package, Chombo, and the geochemical code, CrunchFlow, providing powerful simulation capabilities. We demonstrate the approach in simulation of calcite dissolution in complex pore structures that are reconstructed from synchrotron-based x-ray computed microtomography (CMT) images. We apply high resolution techniques to track sharp gradients of concentrations that typically drive precipitation and dissolution reactions. We show that the approach is consistent with that used for moving fluid-fluid interfaces, and thus providing a robust and algorithmically consistent methodology that can be applied in multiphase flow problems. We use the model to examine the inter-dependence between continuum-scale dissolution/precipitation rates and flow patterns at the pore scale in different porous media geometries by using volume averaging methods. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Shen, C AU - Molins, S AU - Trebotich, D AU - Steefel, C AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - December 2011 SP - Abstract H54C EP - 05 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2011 KW - imagery KW - Chombo computer program KW - porous materials KW - hydrogeology KW - solution KW - simulation KW - ground water KW - geochemical cycle KW - calcite KW - CrunchFlow KW - X-ray data KW - fluid-fluid interface KW - precipitation KW - carbon KW - sediments KW - multiphase flow KW - carbon cycle KW - computed tomography data KW - geochemistry KW - embedded boundary method KW - carbonates KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1765874963?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=An+embedded+boundary+approach+for+the+simulation+of+precipitation+and+dissolution+in+sediments+at+the+pore+scale&rft.au=Shen%2C+C%3BMolins%2C+S%3BTrebotich%2C+D%3BSteefel%2C+C%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Shen&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=2011&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2011 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2016-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2016-02-18 N1 - CODEN - #07548 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - calcite; carbon; carbon cycle; carbonates; Chombo computer program; computed tomography data; CrunchFlow; embedded boundary method; fluid-fluid interface; geochemical cycle; geochemistry; ground water; hydrogeology; imagery; multiphase flow; porous materials; precipitation; sediments; simulation; solution; X-ray data ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Three-dimensional level set modelling of capillary-controlled displacements in digital porous media AN - 1765871938; 2016-015168 AB - In geological CO (sub 2) storage capillary entry pressures for CO (sub 2) invasion into low-permeability formation layers or cap rock are required for a reliable prediction of the displacement front in the storage site. High capillary entry pressures can hinder upward migration of CO (sub 2) causing it to either move laterally or get trapped. We present a 3D level set model for simulating capillary-controlled displacements in 3D rock images. Capillary pressure and interfacial area--saturation curves, as well as mean and principal interface curvatures are computed from the proposed model. The level set model is compared with a 2D semi-analytical model for calculating capillary pressure curves and arc menisci configurations in straight tubes with pore cross-sections obtained from 2D rock images. The critical displacement events and capillary entry pressures simulated with both models are in agreement. The level set simulations show that the computed mean curvature is approximately constant everywhere on the interfaces at steady state, whereas the two principal interface curvatures can vary significantly in pore space constrictions. It is also shown that the semi-analytical model provides a sufficient approximation to the initial fluid configuration required by the level set model. Level set simulations are performed in 3D images of random sphere packs (see Figure) and sandstone rocks, and the computed capillary pressure and interfacial area curves exhibit similar trends as measured data. Impacts of grid refinement on the simulated results are explored. It is demonstrated that the model accounts for several well documented critical pore level phenomena in 3D porous media, such as co-operative pore filling and Haines jumps. Furthermore, the non-wetting fluid is observed to snap off water by coalescence of opposite interfaces. These simulations also show that the two principal curvatures can vary significantly, which indicates that the shape of the interfaces is far from spherical in many cases. It is concluded that the level set method is applicable for capillary pressure and fluid configuration modeling in 3D porous rocks. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Helland, J AU - Jettestuen, E AU - Hatzignatiou, Dimitrios G AU - Silin, D AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - December 2011 SP - Abstract H54C EP - 07 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2011 KW - hydrology KW - carbon sequestration KW - capillary pressure KW - three-dimensional models KW - sandstone KW - porous materials KW - mathematical models KW - fluid phase KW - capillarity KW - simulation KW - two-dimensional models KW - carbon dioxide KW - physical properties KW - sedimentary rocks KW - movement KW - interfaces KW - rocks KW - clastic rocks KW - permeability KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1765871938?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Three-dimensional+level+set+modelling+of+capillary-controlled+displacements+in+digital+porous+media&rft.au=Helland%2C+J%3BJettestuen%2C+E%3BHatzignatiou%2C+Dimitrios+G%3BSilin%2C+D%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Helland&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=2011&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2011 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2016-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2016-02-18 N1 - CODEN - #07548 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - capillarity; capillary pressure; carbon dioxide; carbon sequestration; clastic rocks; fluid phase; hydrology; interfaces; mathematical models; movement; permeability; physical properties; porous materials; rocks; sandstone; sedimentary rocks; simulation; three-dimensional models; two-dimensional models ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Uranium-series comminution ages for dating detrital sediments; investigating the methodological underpinnings AN - 1734265009; 2015-107682 AB - The uranium-series comminution age method can be utilized to directly date fine-grained detrital clasts, which are nearly ubiquitous throughout the sediments and soils blanketing the Earth's surface environment. In addition to yielding the comminution age (which is the elapsed time since the detrital particle was reduced below a critical threshold grain size ( approximately 50 microns)), sediment transport timescales can also be obtained in settings where the depositional age can be determined using independent dating methods. Therefore, the comminution age method is a powerful approach for investigating the timescales and associated Earth surface processes of a broad range of terrestrial deposits. The basic model for how the comminution age method works is that for grains that have been reduced below the critical threshold size, there is a measurable decrease in the ( (super 234) U/ (super 238) U) activity ratio due to time-dependent alpha recoil loss of the (super 234) U daughter following decay of the (super 238) U parent isotope. The magnitude of this decrease yields the comminution age, when information is also taken into account regarding the initial ( (super 234) U/ (super 238) U) ratio, as well as the grain surface area over which recoiled (super 234) U daughters are lost (described by a constant termed the recoil loss parameter f (sub alpha ) ). Although the fundamental concepts underlying the use of the comminution age method as a chronometer are simple and well-established, the complexity of natural samples requires that careful attention be paid to methodological details that can affect the accuracy of the comminution ages obtained from U isotope measurements. Of particular interest for terrestrial samples are potential impacts of both physical and chemical weathering on the U isotope composition of bulk sediments. Weathering processes can potentially obscure and/or alter the U isotopic composition of the detrital fraction by mechanisms such as the production of secondary phases with different U isotope compositions, dissolution-induced removal of the outer grain surfaces that are depleted in (super 234) U , and by promoting alternate mechanisms for preferential loss of (super 234) U relative to (super 238) U . Here we present work that describes methodological approaches for obtaining the U isotopic composition relevant for accurate comminution age dating of natural samples, as well as further supporting evidence for the robustness of the alpha recoil model of (super 234) U loss. This work includes laboratory measurements of the U isotopic composition of young glacially-derived sediment, experiments to assess optimal sample pretreatment protocols, and modeling calculations of weathering effects on the U isotopic composition of grains. These studies collectively further the development of the comminution age method as a useful tool for investigating Earth surface processes. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Lee, V E AU - DePaolo, D J AU - Christensen, J N AU - Huber, C AU - Henderson, G M AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - December 2011 SP - Abstract EP51F EP - 03 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2011 KW - sediment transport KW - isotopes KW - isotope ratios KW - sedimentation KW - detrital sedimentation KW - fission-track dating KW - comminution KW - radioactive isotopes KW - geochronology KW - transport KW - metals KW - uranium KW - U-238/U-234 KW - actinides KW - 03:Geochronology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1734265009?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Uranium-series+comminution+ages+for+dating+detrital+sediments%3B+investigating+the+methodological+underpinnings&rft.au=Lee%2C+V+E%3BDePaolo%2C+D+J%3BChristensen%2C+J+N%3BHuber%2C+C%3BHenderson%2C+G+M%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=2011&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2011 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2015, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2015-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2015-11-19 N1 - CODEN - #07548 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - actinides; comminution; detrital sedimentation; fission-track dating; geochronology; isotope ratios; isotopes; metals; radioactive isotopes; sediment transport; sedimentation; transport; U-238/U-234; uranium ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Carbon flux explorer observations of ocean carbon sedimentation AN - 1729849221; 2015-103317 AB - The strength of natural biotic organic carbon sedimentation from the base of sunlit zone of the ocean is estimated to be 10 Pg C/y globally. This biological sequestration of carbon to deeper waters plays a key role in the atmosphere/ocean carbon balance. It is impossible to predict whether the ocean biological carbon pump will strengthen or weaken in the face of climate change and ocean acidification because there are scant observations of the sinking carbon flux and remineralization in the upper 1000 m. We report progress on the development and deployment of the fully robotic and autonomous Ocean Carbon Flux Explorer (CFE) which is designed to follow hourly variations of carbon sedimentation for seasons at depths to 1500 m. The CFE relays observations to shore in real time via Iridium satellite links. The Carbon Flux Explorer is the integration of the Scripps Sounding Oceanographic Lagrangian Observer (SOLO) with the LBNL/UC Berkeley Optical Sedimentation Recorder (OSR). The OSR intercepts sinking particles and images them using dark field, transmitted, and transmitted cross polarized modes of illumination. OSR's modified to collect samples have been deployed to enable translation image data on particle albedo, optical density, and birefringence to carbon units. Our aim is fully autonomous operations in 2012. In this progress update, we report highlights of CFE deployments in the Santa Catalina Basin (October 2010, May 2011) and Santa Cruz Basin (May 2011), and California Current waters (August through September 2011). In many cases CFE data shows order of magnitude variation of particle sedimentation on diurnal time scales, a view of sedimentation here-to-fore not attained. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Bishop, J K AU - Wood, T AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - December 2011 SP - Abstract OS31B EP - 05 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2011 KW - sea water KW - sedimentation KW - marine geology KW - deep-sea environment KW - hydrochemistry KW - geochemical cycle KW - marine sediments KW - marine environment KW - carbon KW - sediments KW - carbon flux explorer KW - carbon cycle KW - instruments KW - 07:Oceanography UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1729849221?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Carbon+flux+explorer+observations+of+ocean+carbon+sedimentation&rft.au=Bishop%2C+J+K%3BWood%2C+T%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Bishop&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=2011&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2011 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2015, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2015-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2015-11-05 N1 - CODEN - #07548 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - carbon; carbon cycle; carbon flux explorer; deep-sea environment; geochemical cycle; hydrochemistry; instruments; marine environment; marine geology; marine sediments; sea water; sedimentation; sediments ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Elasticity of orthoenstatite at high-pressure AN - 1707523759; 2015-082722 AB - Orthoenstatite is an abundant yet complex mineral in Earth's upper mantle. Despite its abundance, the properties of orthopyroxene at high pressure remain ambiguous (e.g., Zhang et al. 2011; Jahn 2008; Kung et al. 2004). We explored select properties of a synthetic powdered orthoenstatite (Mg (sub 0.87) (super 57) Fe (sub 0.13) ) (sub 2) Si (sub 2) O (sub 6) sample by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and nuclear resonance inelastic X-ray scattering (NRIXS) as a function of pressure in a neon pressure medium at 300 K. The XRD measurements were carried out at beamline 12.2.2 of the Advanced Light Source (Berkeley, CA), and the sample was studied up to 34 GPa. NRIXS measurements were carried out at sector 3ID-B of the Advanced Photon Source (Chicago, IL) in the pressure range of 3 to 17 GPa. From the raw NRIXS data, the partial phonon density of states (DOS) was derived (e.g., Sturhahn 2004). The volume (or pressure) dependence of several properties, such as the Lamb-Mossbauer factor, mean force constant, specific heat, vibrational entropy, and vibrational kinetic energy were determined from the DOS. We will discuss our results from these combined studies and the implications for Earth's upper mantle. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Zhang, D AU - Jackson, J M AU - Chen, Bin AU - Zhao, J AU - Yan, J AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - December 2011 SP - Abstract MR41A EP - 2095 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2011 KW - silicates KW - upper mantle KW - pressure KW - density KW - X-ray diffraction data KW - entropy KW - specific heat KW - mantle KW - high pressure KW - pyroxene group KW - mineral composition KW - phonons KW - orthopyroxene KW - enstatite KW - chain silicates KW - 17A:General geophysics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1707523759?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Elasticity+of+orthoenstatite+at+high-pressure&rft.au=Zhang%2C+D%3BJackson%2C+J+M%3BChen%2C+Bin%3BZhao%2C+J%3BYan%2C+J%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=2011&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2011 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2015, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2015-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2015-08-27 N1 - CODEN - #07548 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - chain silicates; density; enstatite; entropy; high pressure; mantle; mineral composition; orthopyroxene; phonons; pressure; pyroxene group; silicates; specific heat; upper mantle; X-ray diffraction data ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Wettability alteration upon reaction with scCO2; silica, mica, and calcite AN - 1703686876; 2015-077277 AB - When brine and supercritical CO2 (scCO2) contact with a substrate (mineral surface), the equilibrium configuration among the three interfacial tensions determines the wetting property (measured by contact angles) of the substrate. Wettability is one of the most important reservoir properties in geological carbon sequestration, which largely impacts mobility of the injected CO2, and CO2 storage capacity of the reservoir. Although CO2 is commonly assumed to be the non-wetting phase in the current predictive models for CO2 storage capacity, a few recent studies have begun to show that the wettability of caprock minerals can be altered in the presence of scCO2 under pressures and temperatures representative of geological storage conditions. However results from these studies are not consistent and few data are available. In this paper we report our studies on wettability alteration of three minerals: silica, mica, and calcite, with contact angle measurements at varied pressures (7 to 25 MPa) and at temperature 45 degrees C, under different ionic strengths (1.0 to 5.0 M NaCl) of the brine phase. We will also report the effects of roughness of the mineral surfaces, and droplet sizes of the fluid phases on contact angle values. The results show that the contact angles largely increased in the presence of scCO2 with increased pressure and ion-strength for mica and silica. In contrast, only small changes in contact angles were obtained in measurements on calcite. The mechanisms responsible for these changes, and influences of the different substrates will be discussed. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Jung, J AU - Wan, J AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - December 2011 SP - Abstract V14A EP - 07 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2011 KW - silicates KW - alteration KW - experimental studies KW - carbon sequestration KW - pressure KW - supercritical materials KW - roughness KW - temperature KW - carbon dioxide KW - calcite KW - laboratory studies KW - chemical reactions KW - mica group KW - silica KW - brines KW - wettability KW - sheet silicates KW - carbonates KW - 30:Engineering geology KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1703686876?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Wettability+alteration+upon+reaction+with+scCO2%3B+silica%2C+mica%2C+and+calcite&rft.au=Jung%2C+J%3BWan%2C+J%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Jung&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=2011&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://abstractsearch.agu.org/meetings/2011/FM/sections/V/sessions/V14A/abstracts/V14A-07.html LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2011 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2015, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2015-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - SuppNotes - Accessed on Sept. 24, 2014 N1 - Last updated - 2015-08-13 N1 - CODEN - #07548 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - alteration; brines; calcite; carbon dioxide; carbon sequestration; carbonates; chemical reactions; experimental studies; laboratory studies; mica group; pressure; roughness; sheet silicates; silica; silicates; supercritical materials; temperature; wettability ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Magmatic CO (sub 2) emissions at Mammoth Mountain, California, tracked by (super 14) C in tree core AN - 1703685849; 2015-077305 AB - Magmatic CO (sub 2) efflux to the atmosphere causes persistent depletion of (super 14) C in the wood of trees that grow in areas of strong emissions. The record of (super 14) C depletion in core from a surviving tree at the Horseshoe Lake tree-kill area, on the S flank of Mammoth Mountain Volcano, has been updated to cover the time period 1984 to 2010. The amount of depletion was reasonably stable in annual growth rings for years 1995-2009 and indicates that the magmatic CO (sub 2) component in air at canopy height was 31+ or -7 ppmv. Depletion increased sharply in the 2010 ring, yielding a magmatic CO (sub 2) concentration of 56 ppmv. This observation is consistent with accumulation chamber and eddy covariance measurements from the area, which indicate that magmatic CO (sub 2) effluxes and near-surface atmospheric concentrations increased during 2010. The agreement between tree-core and direct gas measurements suggests that the selected tree may be suitable for constraining the long-term record of CO (sub 2) emission strength at Horseshoe Lake, but the ability of a single tree to constrain total CO (sub 2) discharge from a broad region of diffuse emissions needs investigation. New concentration source-area modeling based on local atmospheric data measured by a 3-m tall eddy covariance tower suggests that the 13-m tall tree cored may provide a weighted integration of CO (sub 2) emission strength over an area at least as large as the Horseshoe Lake gas anomaly (0.3 km (super 2) ). If the tree-core record accurately reflects total CO (sub 2) discharge, then emission strength in 2010 approached that in 1990, when anomalous gas efflux began in the aftermath of a 6-month seismic swarm linked to upflow of magmatic fluids. The apparent increase in emission strength in 2010 may correlate with a recent resurgence in seismicity beneath Mammoth Mountain and an increase in the (super 3) He/ (super 4) He ratio in fumarolic emissions near the summit, both of which began in 2009. If so, a correlative increase in (super 14) C depletion is likely to exist in trees at other areas around the volcano. Tree cores have now been collected in an area of anomalous gas efflux on the N flank of the volcano to test this hypothesis. Overall, our results support the use of tree-core (super 14) C to supplement instrumental data as well as to reconstruct gas emission history in cases where direct gas measurements are lacking. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Evans, W C AU - Mangan, M T AU - McGeehin, J P AU - King, J C AU - Lewicki, J L AU - Hilley, G E AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - December 2011 SP - Abstract V21A EP - 2483 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2011 KW - United States KW - Quaternary KW - isotopes KW - magmatism KW - Holocene KW - carbon dioxide KW - Cenozoic KW - California KW - radioactive isotopes KW - geochronology KW - tree rings KW - carbon KW - Mammoth Mountain KW - Horseshoe Lake KW - C-14 KW - upper Holocene KW - 24:Quaternary geology KW - 03:Geochronology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1703685849?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Magmatic+CO+%28sub+2%29+emissions+at+Mammoth+Mountain%2C+California%2C+tracked+by+%28super+14%29+C+in+tree+core&rft.au=Evans%2C+W+C%3BMangan%2C+M+T%3BMcGeehin%2C+J+P%3BKing%2C+J+C%3BLewicki%2C+J+L%3BHilley%2C+G+E%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=2011&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://abstractsearch.agu.org/meetings/2011/FM/sections/V/sessions/V21A/abstracts/V21A-2483.html LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2011 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2015, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2015-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - SuppNotes - Accessed on Sept. 23, 2014 N1 - Last updated - 2015-08-13 N1 - CODEN - #07548 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - C-14; California; carbon; carbon dioxide; Cenozoic; geochronology; Holocene; Horseshoe Lake; isotopes; magmatism; Mammoth Mountain; Quaternary; radioactive isotopes; tree rings; United States; upper Holocene ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Brine films in reservoir pores during geologic CO2 sequestration AN - 1703685834; 2015-077272 AB - In deep reservoirs used for geologic carbon sequestration, brine films reside along surfaces of pores invaded by supercritical CO2 (scCO2). In these environments, brine films are retained on topographically complex surfaces of mineral grains and intragranular contact regions through the combined influences of capillarity and adsorption. Thus, brine films are important in aqueous phase reactions and chemical transport occurring during geological C sequestration. Moreover, conditions leading to destabilization of adsorbed brine films are important because they lead to dehydration of mineral surfaces and direct scCO2-mineral contact. Work summarized here includes capillary scaling calculations on conditions required for brine film coexistence with scCO2 in reservoir pores, and calculations of electric double layer capillary (disjoining) pressure relations to adsorbed film thicknesses. Capillary scaling was used to predict conditions under which scCO2 invades pores, and to predict upper limits of resulting brine film thicknesses. Developments from electric double layer models are being applied to obtain limits on thicknesses of brine films equilibrated with scCO2. The combination of capillary and electric double layer considerations indicate that adsorbed brine film thicknesses are at most a few tens of nm thick upon initial formation by scCO2 displacement. Higher ionic strength and lower pH in the aqueous phase contribute to thinning of films. On the other hand, capillary effects at grain contacts and on rough surfaces can support much thicker films. This research on the hydraulic properties of brine films is part of the U.S. Department of Energy's Energy Frontier Research Center on Nanoscale Control of Geological CO2 led by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Tokunaga, T K AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - December 2011 SP - Abstract V14A EP - 02 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2011 KW - carbon sequestration KW - capillary pressure KW - brines KW - thickness KW - fluid flow KW - electric double layer KW - porosity KW - carbon dioxide KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1703685834?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Brine+films+in+reservoir+pores+during+geologic+CO2+sequestration&rft.au=Tokunaga%2C+T+K%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Tokunaga&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=2011&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://abstractsearch.agu.org/meetings/2011/FM/sections/V/sessions/V14A/abstracts/V14A-02.html LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2011 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2015, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2015-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - SuppNotes - Accessed on Sept. 24, 2014 N1 - Last updated - 2015-08-13 N1 - CODEN - #07548 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - brines; capillary pressure; carbon dioxide; carbon sequestration; electric double layer; fluid flow; porosity; thickness ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pore scale studies of wettability changes in a supercritical CO (sub 2) -brine-silica system using micromodels AN - 1703685628; 2015-077276 AB - Capillary pressure is a critical factor controlling CO (sub 2) transport, distribution, and equilibrium in geologic carbon sequestration; and it is mainly controlled by brine-CO (sub 2) interfacial tension (IFT), wettability, and pore size distribution. Brine-CO (sub 2) IFT has been intensively studied by several research groups, covering wide ranges of conditions encountered in geologic carbon storage. However, there is still only a limited amount of published data for wettability in mineral-brine-CO (sub 2) systems, especially at the pore scale (< 50 mu m). Reviewing the available literature, most of wettability studies were conducted by measuring contact angles using the captive or sessile drop method on flat substrates, and through core flooding experiments. Contact angle measurements for brine-supercritical CO (sub 2) (scCO (sub 2) ) at the pore scale are not available. We studied wettability and wettability alteration at the pore scale, in brine-scCO (sub 2) -silica systems using engineered micromodels (transparent pore networks) at 8.5 MPa and 318.15 K. We show that the silica surface-brine contact angle increased from initial values near 0 degrees up to 40 degrees to 80 degrees after reaction with scCO (sub 2) . These measurements indicate that interfacial reactions may change wettability and capillary pressure, especially under more nonequilibrium conditions. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Kim, Y AU - Wan, J AU - Kneafsey, T J AU - Tokunaga, T K AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - December 2011 SP - Abstract V14A EP - 06 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2011 KW - laboratory studies KW - experimental studies KW - carbon sequestration KW - capillary pressure KW - supercritical materials KW - silica KW - brines KW - wettability KW - physical models KW - carbon dioxide KW - 30:Engineering geology KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1703685628?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Pore+scale+studies+of+wettability+changes+in+a+supercritical+CO+%28sub+2%29+-brine-silica+system+using+micromodels&rft.au=Kim%2C+Y%3BWan%2C+J%3BKneafsey%2C+T+J%3BTokunaga%2C+T+K%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=2011&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://abstractsearch.agu.org/meetings/2011/FM/sections/V/sessions/V14A/abstracts/V14A-06.html LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2011 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2015, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2015-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - SuppNotes - Accessed on Sept. 24, 2014 N1 - Last updated - 2015-08-13 N1 - CODEN - #07548 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - brines; capillary pressure; carbon dioxide; carbon sequestration; experimental studies; laboratory studies; physical models; silica; supercritical materials; wettability ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluating scale dependent hydrologic processes using a hyper-resolution global land surface model at regional-to-local scales AN - 1696872301; 2015-065609 AB - Hyper-resolution modeling at representative hill slope scales of 100 m and finer allows for significantly better representation of the effects of spatial heterogeneity in topography, soils, and vegetation on hydrological dynamics. This scale allows for the representation of processes that are sub grid to the current generation of models, such as slope and aspect effects on incoming and reflected solar radiation, and consequent effects on snowmelt, soil moisture redistribution, and evapotranspiration. Higher resolution models would also enable better representation of channel processes and would provide indications of locally inundated areas and water depths in flooded areas, as well as likelihoods of the number of people affected and critical infrastructures potentially at risk. In this study we develop an innovative method for advancing high spatial resolution simulations of the terrestrial water budget with a particular focus on terrestrial water storage (TWS) variations through the use of new scaling arguments and assimilation of gravity data. Our primary hypothesis is that the local water budget terms can be calculated with improved accuracy through the application of such scaling and assimilation methods. We have used some of these methods for simulation of the NCAR Community Land Model (CLM4.0) at spatial resolutions of 30 arc-seconds ( approximately 900m) and 3 arc-seconds ( approximately 90m) over a west-to-east transect in Northern California that includes part of the Central Valley and Sierra Nevada foothills and contains several small-scale wetland areas. We use CLM4.0 results to initially quantify and outline the effects of high-resolution model outcomes and to further develop improved hyper-resolution gravity assimilation for CLM4.0 at regional-to-local scales. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Singh, R S AU - Miller, N L AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - December 2011 SP - Abstract EP23B EP - 0740 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2011 KW - United States KW - soils KW - Sierra Nevada KW - hydrology KW - geologic hazards KW - moisture KW - water balance KW - vegetation KW - evapotranspiration KW - models KW - Central Valley KW - California KW - dynamics KW - solar radiation KW - natural hazards KW - floods KW - Northern California KW - meltwater KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1696872301?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Evaluating+scale+dependent+hydrologic+processes+using+a+hyper-resolution+global+land+surface+model+at+regional-to-local+scales&rft.au=Singh%2C+R+S%3BMiller%2C+N+L%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=2011&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2011 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2015, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2015-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2015-07-17 N1 - CODEN - #07548 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - California; Central Valley; dynamics; evapotranspiration; floods; geologic hazards; hydrology; meltwater; models; moisture; natural hazards; Northern California; Sierra Nevada; soils; solar radiation; United States; vegetation; water balance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The crust has changed; evidence for and implications of age dependent Sm/Nd ratios in juvenile continental crust AN - 1696872197; 2015-065770 AB - The Nd isotope systematics of crustal granites and their presumed source materials are used to reconstruct the Sm/Nd ratios of the continental crust with distinct mantle extraction ages (based on DePaolo, 1988 EPSL and Bennett and DePaolo, 1987 GSA Bull). A more extensive, literature-derived data set for the western USA supports the isotopic mapping of Bennett and DePaolo. Calculated Sm/Nd ratios of the crust show a secular increase from the Archean to approximately 1.5 Ga. Modern island arc lavas, analogs for juvenile continental crust have the lowest Sm/Nd, consistent with the inferred trend from the granites. Possible reasons for the increasing Sm/Nd include changes in the Sm/Nd ratio of the mantle reservoir and/or changes in the mineralogy of the reservoir from which the crust was extracted. It is postulated that the primary control of Sm/Nd in the continental crust is the residual mineralogy in the reservoirs from which the crust was extracted. This is possible because changes in the geothermal gradient through Earth's history affect the residual mineralogy during the extraction of continental crust. Recent phase equilibria studies relevant to modern island arcs suggest that accessory minerals such as allanite buffer the LREE budget from the subducting sediment and basaltic slab, the primary source of REE in island arc lavas. Crust production early in Earth's history likely occurred at temperatures too high for allanite stability, meaning Sm/Nd ratios were likely controlled by garnet and/or amphibole in either subducted crust or the mantle reservoir. Modeling results will show how changing residual mineralogy during crust extractions can produce the observed changes in Sm/Nd ratios. More broadly the inferred time dependence for Sm/Nd may relate to the silica content of juvenile crust throughout Earth's history. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Brown, S T AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - December 2011 SP - Abstract V41B EP - 2494 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2011 KW - United States KW - upper Precambrian KW - isotopes KW - igneous rocks KW - granites KW - continental crust KW - stable isotopes KW - radioactive isotopes KW - plutonic rocks KW - mineral composition KW - Sm-147/Nd-144 KW - Western U.S. KW - absolute age KW - Archean KW - samarium KW - rare earths KW - chemical composition KW - Precambrian KW - isotope ratios KW - Proterozoic KW - Sm/Nd KW - metals KW - neodymium KW - crust KW - 18:Solid-earth geophysics KW - 03:Geochronology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1696872197?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=The+crust+has+changed%3B+evidence+for+and+implications+of+age+dependent+Sm%2FNd+ratios+in+juvenile+continental+crust&rft.au=Brown%2C+S+T%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=2011&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://abstractsearch.agu.org/meetings/2011/FM/V41B-2494 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2011 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2015, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2015-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - SuppNotes - Accessed on Nov. 10, 2014 N1 - Last updated - 2015-07-17 N1 - CODEN - #07548 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - absolute age; Archean; chemical composition; continental crust; crust; granites; igneous rocks; isotope ratios; isotopes; metals; mineral composition; neodymium; plutonic rocks; Precambrian; Proterozoic; radioactive isotopes; rare earths; samarium; Sm-147/Nd-144; Sm/Nd; stable isotopes; United States; upper Precambrian; Western U.S. ER - TY - JOUR T1 - SeTES, a Self-Teaching Expert System for the discovery and production of natural gas in shales AN - 1689588083; 2015-055890 AB - SeTES is a Self-Teaching Expert System for the discovery and production of natural gas in shales. The alpha version of the SeTES system is scheduled for release in late August 2011. It is composed of three main components: a database, a set of semi-independent processing modules and a web-based, user-friendly interface. The goal of SeTES is not only to provide a tool for the improved recovery of shale gas but to make shale gas research results and techniques available and accessible to professionals and the public. The SeTES database contains a variety of different types of data related to shale gas including production and well completion records, geophysical well logs and horizons, petrophysical reports and location data. 13 processing modules are released with the alpha version. Production Analysis modules perform automatic decline curve analysis in order to estimate petrophysical parameters and ultimate recovery. Geologic/Geophysical modules are used to estimate flow parameters from geophysical well log data and project them along geophysical horizons. Optimization modules use probabilistic models to determine the optimal location for infill wells. Simulation modules run fortran-based 3d fluid flow simulation to predict production. Modules for Stimulation and Treatment suggest optimal fracturing fluids and fracture proppants. SeTES is self-teaching in that it computes probability distributions on all of its local parameters and uses them to improve its modeling and optimization algorithms. New modules are continually being added. Due to the large amount of computation required by the system, the SeTES alpha release supports only a limited number of users. SeTES beta is currently under construction and is expected to release in late 2012 or early 2013. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Kuzma, H A AU - Reagan, M T AU - Moridis, G J AU - Boyle, K L AU - Santos, R AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - December 2011 SP - Abstract IN51A EP - 1571 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2011 KW - petroleum exploration KW - shale gas KW - natural gas KW - expert systems KW - well-logging KW - statistical analysis KW - optimization KW - petroleum KW - gas shale KW - production KW - SeTES KW - sedimentary rocks KW - discoveries KW - petrography KW - probability KW - 29A:Economic geology, geology of energy sources UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1689588083?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=SeTES%2C+a+Self-Teaching+Expert+System+for+the+discovery+and+production+of+natural+gas+in+shales&rft.au=Kuzma%2C+H+A%3BReagan%2C+M+T%3BMoridis%2C+G+J%3BBoyle%2C+K+L%3BSantos%2C+R%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Kuzma&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=2011&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2011 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2015, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2015-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2015-06-18 N1 - CODEN - #07548 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - discoveries; expert systems; gas shale; natural gas; optimization; petrography; petroleum; petroleum exploration; probability; production; sedimentary rocks; SeTES; shale gas; statistical analysis; well-logging ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantifying surface kinetic fractionations for isotopes and trace elements in calcite precipitated from aqueous solution AN - 1686063236; 2015-048294 AB - The isotopic ratios and trace element concentrations in calcite and other carbonate minerals form the basis for several paleoenvironmental indicators that are relied upon to reconstruct past Earth climates and ocean processes. Most of these carbonate minerals form at low temperatures (0 to 30 degrees C) and consequently are unlikely to have precipitated from aqueous solutions at equilibrium. The non-equilibrium nature of the precipitation process is well illustrated by the experimentally demonstrated precipitation rate-dependence of parameters such as the Ca and O isotopic composition, and the Sr, Mg, and Mn concentrations of calcite. We have been focused on understanding how to predict the magnitude and controls on these kinetic effects using a general transition-state theory approach, as well as models of ion-by-ion growth, molecular dynamics simulations of the desolvation step required for addition of cations to a mineral surface, and further experiments that involve carefully controlled solution compositions and crystal growth rates. Although models have been proposed that invoke diffusion as the primary control on the non-equilibrium aspects of calcite precipitation, it is relatively easy to show that diffusion is not likely to be the primary controlling process. We have focused on understanding the kinetic effects operating at and near the mineral surface, which are undeniably present and important, and appear to be of the correct magnitude and direction to account for observations in both laboratory and natural calcites. The approach we are using is also applicable to higher temperature aqueous precipitation. There are indications from Ca isotopes that similar surface kinetic effects occur at temperatures of 300 to 400 degrees C. Kinetic isotope and trace element effects are critically dependent on molecular exchange rates between the mineral surface and the aqueous solution, and the ratio of these rates to the net crystal growth rate. The challenge is to predict and/or measure these rates, which are dependent in a complex fashion on solution saturation state, cation/anion ratios, ionic strength, and other aspects of solution composition. In effect, trace elements and isotopes can provide a measure of these rates, and the derived rates from available experimental data are broadly compatible with measured calcite dissolution and precipitation rates and their dependence on solution composition. Overall, it appears possible to develop a comprehensive framework for understanding kinetic trace element and isotopic fractionation effects during precipitation of minerals from aqueous solution, and to constrain the important controlling parameters using a combination of experiments and simulations. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - DePaolo, D J AU - Nielsen, L C AU - Hofmann, A E AU - de Yoreo, J AU - Gagnon, A C AU - Watkins, J M AU - Ryerson, F J AU - Brown, S T AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - December 2011 SP - Abstract PP51E EP - 03 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2011 KW - calcium KW - isotope fractionation KW - alkaline earth metals KW - magnesium KW - experimental studies KW - oxygen KW - isotopes KW - isotope ratios KW - O-18/O-16 KW - manganese KW - stable isotopes KW - calcite KW - models KW - laboratory studies KW - Ca-44/Ca-40 KW - precipitation KW - metals KW - kinetics KW - carbonates KW - strontium KW - chemical fractionation KW - 02D:Isotope geochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1686063236?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Quantifying+surface+kinetic+fractionations+for+isotopes+and+trace+elements+in+calcite+precipitated+from+aqueous+solution&rft.au=DePaolo%2C+D+J%3BNielsen%2C+L+C%3BHofmann%2C+A+E%3Bde+Yoreo%2C+J%3BGagnon%2C+A+C%3BWatkins%2C+J+M%3BRyerson%2C+F+J%3BBrown%2C+S+T%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=DePaolo&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=2011&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://abstractsearch.agu.org/meetings/2011/FM/sections/PP/sessions/PP51E/abstracts/PP51E-03.html LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2011 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2015, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2015-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - SuppNotes - Accessed on Dec. 19, 2014 N1 - Last updated - 2015-06-05 N1 - CODEN - #07548 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - alkaline earth metals; Ca-44/Ca-40; calcite; calcium; carbonates; chemical fractionation; experimental studies; isotope fractionation; isotope ratios; isotopes; kinetics; laboratory studies; magnesium; manganese; metals; models; O-18/O-16; oxygen; precipitation; stable isotopes; strontium ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Geological investigations on the Wildcat Fault, Berkeley, California, with reference to hydrology AN - 1686063124; 2015-050321 AB - The Wildcat Fault, a splay of the Hayward Fault, which extends along the western side of the Berkeley Hills, California, has been investigated to better understand fault geology and its effects on regional hydrology. To this end, we have been conducting surface-based geologic investigations, geophysical surveys and borehole-based geologic and hydrologic investigations along the Wildcat Fault. This presentation mainly deals with borehole-based geologic investigations. Up to now, three approximately 150 m deep vertical boreholes and one approximately 210 m deep inclined borehole were core-drilled at LBNL site. Although the Wildcat Fault is known as a right-lateral strike-slip fault with several km displacements, the internal structure of the fault is quite complex. We have encountered multitudes of faults and grouped them into four fault zones. Most of the fault zones are dipping moderately to SW and supposedly were formed at an earlier stage. We have found foliated cataclasites and tuffaceous dikes (?) along these faults. On the contrary, the most prominent fault zone that dominates local hydrology seems to be a NW-SE trending vertical fault. While core recovery of this fault zone is poor at some depths, it contains the thickest gouge materials and supposedly had been active until a later stage. Results on investigations by thin sections and CT scanning, and analyses by XRD and U-Pb age dating, etc., will be presented. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Ito, H AU - Hamada, T AU - Tanaka, S AU - Ueta, K AU - Kiho, K AU - Onishi, C T AU - Karasaki, K AU - Goto, J AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - December 2011 SP - Abstract H13A EP - 1171 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2011 KW - United States KW - hydrology KW - volcanic rocks KW - igneous rocks KW - Berkeley Hills KW - Alameda County California KW - Berkeley California KW - California KW - pyroclastics KW - boreholes KW - metamorphic rocks KW - Hayward Fault KW - Wildcat Fault KW - tuff KW - cataclasites KW - faults KW - 16:Structural geology KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1686063124?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Geological+investigations+on+the+Wildcat+Fault%2C+Berkeley%2C+California%2C+with+reference+to+hydrology&rft.au=Ito%2C+H%3BHamada%2C+T%3BTanaka%2C+S%3BUeta%2C+K%3BKiho%2C+K%3BOnishi%2C+C+T%3BKarasaki%2C+K%3BGoto%2C+J%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Ito&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=2011&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2011 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2015, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2015-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2015-06-05 N1 - CODEN - #07548 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Alameda County California; Berkeley California; Berkeley Hills; boreholes; California; cataclasites; faults; Hayward Fault; hydrology; igneous rocks; metamorphic rocks; pyroclastics; tuff; United States; volcanic rocks; Wildcat Fault ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of a methodology for hydrologic characterization of faults for geological repository siting AN - 1686062697; 2015-050281 AB - The Nuclear Waste Management Organization of Japan (NUMO) will select a site for HLW and TRU waste repository through the three-staged program, namely, the Literature Surveys, the Preliminary Investigations and the Detailed Investigations. Areas that are susceptible to natural hazards such as volcanism, faulting and significant uplift/erosion will be eliminated at first. Then, sites that have more favorable geological environment will be selected with respect to the repository design and long-term safety after closure. It is internationally acknowledged that hydrologic features of faults are of special concern in the above respects. It is highly likely from the experiences of site characterization worldwide that one could encounter numerous faults in an area of one hundred square kilometer assumed for the Preliminary Investigations. Efficient and practical investigation programs, and reliable models/parameters for the repository design and safety analysis are important aspects for implementers. A comprehensive methodology including strategies and procedures for characterizing such faults should thus be prepared prior to the actual investigations. Surveys on the results of site characterization in the world indicate potential contribution of geological features of faults such as host lithology, geometry, slip direction, internal structure and alteration to the fault hydrology. Therefore, NUMO, in collaboration with Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), started a 5-year project in 2007 involving field investigations to develop a comprehensive methodology for hydrologic characterization of faults, with emphasis on the relationship between geological and hydrologic features of faults. A series of field investigations including ground geophysics, geological mapping, trench surveys, borehole investigations, hydrochemical analyses and hydrologic monitoring have been carried out on the Wildcat Fault that runs along the Berkeley Hills, California (see Karasaki, et al., Onishi, et al., Ito, et al. and Conrad, et al. in this session for detail). The field program will be completed by the end of this year to compile all the results into a comprehensive methodology. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Goto, J AU - Yoshimura, K AU - Moriya, T AU - Tsuchi, H AU - Karasaki, K AU - Onishi, C T AU - Ueta, K AU - Kiho, K AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - December 2011 SP - Abstract H12A EP - 02 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2011 KW - United States KW - hydrology KW - high-level waste KW - hydraulics KW - underground space KW - site exploration KW - characterization KW - Berkeley Hills KW - mapping KW - radioactive waste KW - California KW - underground installations KW - Wildcat Fault KW - waste disposal KW - underground disposal KW - faults KW - 30:Engineering geology KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1686062697?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Development+of+a+methodology+for+hydrologic+characterization+of+faults+for+geological+repository+siting&rft.au=Goto%2C+J%3BYoshimura%2C+K%3BMoriya%2C+T%3BTsuchi%2C+H%3BKarasaki%2C+K%3BOnishi%2C+C+T%3BUeta%2C+K%3BKiho%2C+K%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Goto&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=2011&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2011 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2015, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2015-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2015-06-05 N1 - CODEN - #07548 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Berkeley Hills; California; characterization; faults; high-level waste; hydraulics; hydrology; mapping; radioactive waste; site exploration; underground disposal; underground installations; underground space; United States; waste disposal; Wildcat Fault ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hydrologic characterization study at Wildcat fault zone AN - 1686062608; 2015-050282 AB - A dedicated field site has been developed to further the understanding of, and to develop the characterization technology for, fault zone hydrology in the hills east of Berkeley, California across the Wildcat Fault. The Wildcat is believed to be a strike-slip fault and a member of the Hayward Fault System, with over 10 km of displacement. So far, several approximately 2-4-m deep trenches were cut, a number of surface-based geophysical surveys were conducted, and four approximately 150-m deep fully cored boreholes were drilled at the site; one on the east side and two on the west side of the suspected fault trace. The inclined fourth hole was drilled to penetrate the Wildcat. Geologic analysis results from these trenches and boreholes indicated that the geology was not always what was expected: while confirming some earlier, published conclusions about Wildcat, they have also led to some unexpected findings. The lithology at the Wildcat Fault area mainly consists of chert, shale, silt and sandstone, extensively sheared and fractured with gouge and cataclasite zones observed at several depths. Wildcat near the field site appears to consist of multiple fault planes with the major fault planes filled with unconsolidated pulverized rock instead of clay gouge. The pressure and temperature distributions indicate a downward hydraulic gradient and a relatively large geothermal gradient. Various types of borehole logging were conducted but there were no obvious correlations between boreholes or to hydrologic properties. Using the three other boreholes as observation wells, hydrologic cross-hole pumping tests were conducted in the fourth borehole. The hydraulic test data suggest the dual properties of the hydrologic structure of the fault zone: high permeability along the plane and low permeability across it, and the fault planes may be compartmentalizing aquifers. No correlation was found between fracture frequency and flow. Long term pressure monitoring over multiple seasons was shown to be very important. The main philosophy behind our approach for the hydrologic characterization of such a complex faulted, fractured system is to let the system take its own average and monitor long term behavior, instead of collecting a multitude of data at small length and time scales, or at a discrete fracture scale, and then to "up-scale," which is extremely tenuous at best. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Karasaki, K AU - Onishi, C T AU - Goto, J AU - Moriya, T AU - Ueta, K AU - Kiho, K AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - December 2011 SP - Abstract H12A EP - 03 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2011 KW - United States KW - hydrology KW - California KW - hydraulics KW - site exploration KW - characterization KW - Wildcat Fault KW - Alameda County California KW - faults KW - fault zones KW - Berkeley California KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1686062608?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Hydrologic+characterization+study+at+Wildcat+fault+zone&rft.au=Karasaki%2C+K%3BOnishi%2C+C+T%3BGoto%2C+J%3BMoriya%2C+T%3BUeta%2C+K%3BKiho%2C+K%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Karasaki&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=2011&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2011 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2015, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2015-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2015-06-05 N1 - CODEN - #07548 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Alameda County California; Berkeley California; California; characterization; fault zones; faults; hydraulics; hydrology; site exploration; United States; Wildcat Fault ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The impact of the Tsukiyoshi Fault on the hydrogeological conditions in the Tono area, Japan; a numerical modeling approach AN - 1686062163; 2015-050328 AB - Faults are commonly believed to act as either barriers to horizontal ground-water flow normal to the fault, conduits to horizontal flow parallel to the fault, or a combination of both. In addition, enhanced vertical permeability has also been observed as a common feature. We use numerical modeling to investigate the effects of vertical anisotropy of a dipping fault zone on the distribution of hydraulic head within and around the fault. The Tsukiyoshi Fault in the Tono region of Japan extends through the center of the assessment area and has an E-W strike. According to the results of borehole investigations, the fault has N80W strike, 70 degree dip, 10-30 m width and approximately 30 m vertical off-set. Model results show that for anisotropy ratios (A = kz/kx) of greater than 100, hydrostatic conditions are achieved within the fault zone, despite the existence of significant vertical flow rates. A hydraulic head difference of about 40 m across the fault is observed and confirmed by our model, suggesting that the fault acts as barrier to flow normal to it. We consider the pressure response to two shafts pumping in the upper parts of the fractured granitic formation near the fault. The response to pumping is monitored at two boreholes (DH-15 and DH-2) on the same side of the fault as the pumping shafts. The responses at the two boreholes are vertically invariant and highlight the effects of enhanced vertical permeability around the fault. This suggests that the fault controls the hydrology in this area. Particle tracking is used to investigate and demonstrate the effects of the fault on pathlines. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Ndiweni, C AU - Karasaki, K AU - Doughty, C AU - Botha, J F AU - Saegusa, H AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - December 2011 SP - Abstract H13A EP - 1178 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2011 KW - hydrology KW - Tono Japan KW - monitoring KW - Far East KW - numerical models KW - effects KW - ground water KW - flows KW - pump tests KW - Tsukiyoshi Fault KW - risk assessment KW - hydraulic conductivity KW - Honshu KW - Asia KW - permeability KW - Japan KW - faults KW - anisotropy KW - fault zones KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1686062163?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=The+impact+of+the+Tsukiyoshi+Fault+on+the+hydrogeological+conditions+in+the+Tono+area%2C+Japan%3B+a+numerical+modeling+approach&rft.au=Ndiweni%2C+C%3BKarasaki%2C+K%3BDoughty%2C+C%3BBotha%2C+J+F%3BSaegusa%2C+H%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Ndiweni&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=2011&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2011 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2015, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2015-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2015-06-05 N1 - CODEN - #07548 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - anisotropy; Asia; effects; Far East; fault zones; faults; flows; ground water; Honshu; hydraulic conductivity; hydrology; Japan; monitoring; numerical models; permeability; pump tests; risk assessment; Tono Japan; Tsukiyoshi Fault ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Isotopic techniques for identifying active groundwater flow along a complex fault zone associated with the Hayward fault system AN - 1686062043; 2015-050283 AB - A study of fluid flow along fractures in the Wildcat Canyon fault zone is being conducted to identify parameters that can be used to identify fault zones that are active conduits for groundwater flow to aid choosing sites for nuclear waste disposal. The geology of the site consists of highly fractured and permeable andesitic volcanic rocks of the Moraga formation overlying low-permeability Miocene sediments of the Orinda Formation that unconformably overlie sequences of shaly chert and sandstone of the Claremont Formation and permeable Cretaceous sediments of the Great Valley sequence. Groundwater recharge is believed to be primarily through the Moraga formation that is then channeled through faults in the Orinda formation. The Wildcat Canyon fault zone is located in the hills of Berkeley, CA. It is a part of the Hayward fault system, one of the most active fault systems in California. To date 4 core holes have been drilled through the fault system. The mineralogic, chemical and isotopic compositions of rock and groundwater samples retrieved from the holes are being analyzed. In this presentation, we will present preliminary data on the isotopic compositions of the groundwater (delta D, delta (super 18) O, delta (super 13) C of dissolved inorganic carbon and (super 87) Sr/ (super 86) Sr of dissolved strontium) and carbonate minerals (delta (super 13) C, delta (super 18) O, (super 87) Sr/ (super 86) Sr) in the rocks. The delta (super 18) O values of groundwater samples collected from the boreholes averaged -6.5ppm (VSMOW), which is in oxygen isotopic equilibrium at 15 degrees C with calcite with a delta (super 18) O value of -7.1ppm (VPDB). The delta (super 18) O values of secondary carbonate vein material collected from fractures in the fault zone ranged from -7.6ppm to +1.3ppm. The lowest values are concentrated in zones of highly fractured rock. The apparent oxygen isotopic equilibrium between the present-day groundwater and the secondary carbonates in these fractures is evidence that these zones are active flow paths for groundwater. Analyses of (super 87) Sr/ (super 86) Sr of the groundwater samples and a limited number of carbonate samples from the cores have also been done. The groundwater (super 87) Sr/ (super 86) Sr averaged 0.7072. The (super 87) Sr/ (super 86) Sr of the carbonates ranged from 0.7067 for a sample with a delta (super 18) O value of -6.8ppm to 0.7086 for a sample with delta (super 18) O of +1.3ppm. The close correspondence between the delta (super 18) O and (super 87) Sr/ (super 86) Sr values of carbonate minerals in these fracture zones and the isotopic compositions of the groundwater provide further evidence that they are active groundwater flow pathways and suggest that the isotopic compositions of the carbonate minerals do provide a useful tool for identifying zones of active fluid flow. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Conrad, M E AU - Onishi, C T AU - Bill, M AU - Christensen, J N AU - Karasaki, K AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - December 2011 SP - Abstract H12A EP - 04 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2011 KW - United States KW - water quality KW - oxygen KW - isotopes KW - fluid dynamics KW - stable isotopes KW - radioactive waste KW - ground water KW - California KW - carbon KW - hydrodynamics KW - Wildcat Fault KW - faults KW - alkaline earth metals KW - isotope ratios KW - C-13/C-12 KW - O-18/O-16 KW - hydrochemistry KW - porosity KW - flows KW - Sr-87/Sr-86 KW - metals KW - Hayward Fault KW - waste disposal KW - strontium KW - permeability KW - fault zones KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 02D:Isotope geochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1686062043?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Isotopic+techniques+for+identifying+active+groundwater+flow+along+a+complex+fault+zone+associated+with+the+Hayward+fault+system&rft.au=Conrad%2C+M+E%3BOnishi%2C+C+T%3BBill%2C+M%3BChristensen%2C+J+N%3BKarasaki%2C+K%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Conrad&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=2011&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2011 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2015, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2015-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2015-06-05 N1 - CODEN - #07548 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - alkaline earth metals; C-13/C-12; California; carbon; fault zones; faults; flows; fluid dynamics; ground water; Hayward Fault; hydrochemistry; hydrodynamics; isotope ratios; isotopes; metals; O-18/O-16; oxygen; permeability; porosity; radioactive waste; Sr-87/Sr-86; stable isotopes; strontium; United States; waste disposal; water quality; Wildcat Fault ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Deformation in the Berkeley Hills; the influence of geological and fault structure on hydrology within the Wildcat fault zone, Berkeley, California AN - 1686061800; 2015-050320 AB - The Wildcat Fault (WCF) in the Berkeley Hills of California is a splay of the Hayward Fault that shows an estimated total right-lateral displacement of 14 km. All displacement is apparently pre-Holocene. The WCF has been mapped at regional scale as a contact juxtaposing Miocene and Pliocene fluvial conglomerates, siltstones, and mudstones of the Orinda Formation with similar age shallow marine conglomerates and sandstones of the San Pablo Group against the middle Miocene marine sandstones, shales, and cherts of the Claremont Formation. We excavated five trenches and drilled four exploratory core holes. Three core holes were vertical and one was inclined and designed to intersect the trace of the WCF. Petrographic and XRD analysis of core from the Claremont Formation indicate the presence of carbonate, laminated shale and siliceous shale, arkosic sandstone with glauconite, and marine microfossils (i.e. foraminifera). Foraminifera were also found in the mudstones and siltstones of the Orinda Formation, and fragments of marine mollusks in the conglomerates and sandstones of San Pablo Group. Carbonate and marine fossils were surprisingly abundant in all geological units suggesting a dominant shallow marine depositional environment for the study area. Deformation within the Wildcat fault zone is widespread; at least eleven major faults have been identified in the borings. Although the vertical borings are only 60 to 80 m apart, no stratigraphic correlation is possible. Analyses of cores indicate that fault rocks, including breccia, gouge, cataclasite, and foliated cataclasite, are related to several stages and degrees of deformation. The hydrology of the WCF is influenced by style of deformation. Zones of cataclasite, gouge, and foliated cataclasite apparently act as barriers to fluid flow, as they do not respond to hydraulic testing. However, the brecciated and highly fractured zones are often preferred pathways for fluid movement. The most recent, yet still pre-Holocene, fault activity corresponds to a zone of intense fracturing and high fluid flow in a zone situated between a depths of 170 to 214 m in the inclined borehole. In this zone, the amount and thickness of carbonate veins increases with depth as with deformation. Results from isotopic analysis of delta 18O and delta 13C ratios from carbonate veins suggest they are in equilibrium with present day groundwater. A new borehole is being drilled to determine the location of an extension of the WCF, and to better define the fault geometry and hydrology in the Berkeley hills. This study suggests that the WCF has a more complex deformation history than we previously expected. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Onishi, C T AU - Karasaki, K AU - Conrad, M E AU - Goto, J AU - Ueta, K AU - Ito, H AU - Tanaka, S AU - Hamada, T AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - December 2011 SP - Abstract H13A EP - 1170 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2011 KW - United States KW - hydrology KW - Quaternary KW - Wildcat fault zone KW - characterization KW - Berkeley Hills KW - Alameda County California KW - deformation KW - Holocene KW - ground water KW - Berkeley California KW - history KW - Cenozoic KW - California KW - San Padro Group KW - Orinda Formation KW - faults KW - fault zones KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1686061800?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Deformation+in+the+Berkeley+Hills%3B+the+influence+of+geological+and+fault+structure+on+hydrology+within+the+Wildcat+fault+zone%2C+Berkeley%2C+California&rft.au=Onishi%2C+C+T%3BKarasaki%2C+K%3BConrad%2C+M+E%3BGoto%2C+J%3BUeta%2C+K%3BIto%2C+H%3BTanaka%2C+S%3BHamada%2C+T%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Onishi&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=2011&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2011 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2015, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2015-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2015-06-05 N1 - CODEN - #07548 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Alameda County California; Berkeley California; Berkeley Hills; California; Cenozoic; characterization; deformation; fault zones; faults; ground water; history; Holocene; hydrology; Orinda Formation; Quaternary; San Padro Group; United States; Wildcat fault zone ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of prediction uncertainty of uranium transport in small scale field experiments AN - 1686059277; 2015-050303 AB - Prediction of subsurface reactive transport of hexavalent uranium (U(VI)) is challenging because of the inherent complexity of both the subsurface physical structure and the geochemical processes. These systems are inherently open and amenable to multiple plausible conceptual models. Uncertainty analyses are being applied to evaluate alternative conceptual models of uranium adsorption and desorption for simulating U(VI) transport observed in tracer tests conducted in a heterogeneous alluvial aquifer near Naturita, CO site where the groundwater is contaminated with U(VI). Two tracer tests were conducted by extracting contaminated groundwater and then either increasing or decreasing the alkalinity of the pumped groundwater and finally injecting the solution back into the aquifer after the addition of a KBr tracer. Increasing the alkalinity of the injected water from 8 to 23 meq/L initially caused the U(VI) measured in wells located 1-2.5m downgradient to increase from 4 mu M to 11 mu M which was followed by a decrease in U(VI) to as low as 2 mM and then gradually relaxing to the initial concentration. The experiment with the decreased alkalinity followed the opposite trend with U(VI) concentrations initially decreasing followed by an increase above ambient conditions. Observed breakthrough curves at five observation wells were complex and often had multiple bromide peaks indicating physical heterogeneity which was represented in the reactive transport model by multiple flowpaths to the observation well. Alternative geochemical models that had different uranium adsorption reactions with both weak and strong sites were simulated by either local chemical equilibrium, a single-rate mass transfer model, or a multirate mass transfer model. Model probabilities calculated using Kashyap Information Criterion values showed that all adsorption models with significant probability included at least one uranyl-dicarbonato surface complex. Application of the Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) method demonstrated that model averaging generally provided superior predictive performance relative to predictions made from a single model. The calibrated models are being further tested to evaluate their predictive capability for the experiment with decreased alkalinity. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Curtis, G P AU - Ye, M AU - Kohler, M AU - Meyer, P D AU - Hay, M B AU - Yabusaki, S AU - Davis, J A AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - December 2011 SP - Abstract H12D EP - 02 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2011 KW - water quality KW - monitoring KW - pollutants KW - prediction KW - pollution KW - hydrochemistry KW - ground water KW - evaluation KW - aquifers KW - alluvium aquifers KW - transport KW - metals KW - tracers KW - alkalinity KW - uranium KW - actinides KW - heavy metals KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1686059277?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+prediction+uncertainty+of+uranium+transport+in+small+scale+field+experiments&rft.au=Curtis%2C+G+P%3BYe%2C+M%3BKohler%2C+M%3BMeyer%2C+P+D%3BHay%2C+M+B%3BYabusaki%2C+S%3BDavis%2C+J+A%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Curtis&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=2011&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2011 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2015, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2015-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2015-06-05 N1 - CODEN - #07548 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - actinides; alkalinity; alluvium aquifers; aquifers; evaluation; ground water; heavy metals; hydrochemistry; metals; monitoring; pollutants; pollution; prediction; tracers; transport; uranium; water quality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The August 2011 Virginia and Colorado earthquake sequences; does stress drop depend on strain rate? AN - 1686058839; 2015-048386 AB - Our preliminary analysis of the August 2011 Virginia earthquake sequence finds the earthquakes to have high stress drops, similar to those of recent earthquakes in NE USA, while those of the August 2011 Trinidad, Colorado, earthquakes are moderate--in between those typical of interplate (California) and the east coast. These earthquakes provide an unprecedented opportunity to study such source differences in detail, and hence improve our estimates of seismic hazard. Previously, the lack of well-recorded earthquakes in the eastern USA severely limited our resolution of the source processes and hence the expected ground accelerations. Our preliminary findings are consistent with the idea that earthquake faults strengthen during longer recurrence times and intraplate faults fail at higher stress (and produce higher ground accelerations) than their interplate counterparts. We use the empirical Green's function (EGF) method to calculate source parameters for the Virginia mainshock and three larger aftershocks, and for the Trinidad mainshock and two larger foreshocks using IRIS-available stations. We select time windows around the direct P and S waves at the closest stations and calculate spectral ratios and source time functions using the multi-taper spectral approach (eg. Viegas et al., JGR 2010). Our preliminary results show that the Virginia sequence has high stress drops ( approximately 100-200 MPa, using Madariaga (1976) model), and the Colorado sequence has moderate stress drops ( approximately 20 MPa). These numbers are consistent with previous work in the regions, for example the Au Sable Forks (2002) earthquake, and the 2010 Germantown (MD) earthquake. We also calculate the radiated seismic energy and find the energy/moment ratio to be high for the Virginia earthquakes, and moderate for the Colorado sequence. We observe no evidence of a breakdown in constant stress drop scaling in this limited number of earthquakes. We extend our analysis to a larger number of earthquakes and stations. We calculate uncertainties in all our measurements, and also consider carefully the effects of variation in available bandwidth in order to improve our constraints on the source parameters. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Abercrombie, R E AU - Viegas, G AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - December 2011 SP - Abstract S11B EP - 2240 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2011 KW - United States KW - P-waves KW - body waves KW - Virginia KW - strain KW - stress KW - Green function KW - elastic waves KW - Colorado earthquake 2011 KW - seismicity KW - Virginia earthquake 2011 KW - seismic waves KW - Colorado KW - earthquakes KW - S-waves KW - faults KW - 19:Seismology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1686058839?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=The+August+2011+Virginia+and+Colorado+earthquake+sequences%3B+does+stress+drop+depend+on+strain+rate%3F&rft.au=Abercrombie%2C+R+E%3BViegas%2C+G%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Abercrombie&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=2011&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://abstractsearch.agu.org/meetings/2011/FM/sections/S/sessions/S11B/abstracts/S11B-2240.html LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2011 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2015, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2015-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - SuppNotes - Accessed on Dec. 12, 2014 N1 - Last updated - 2015-06-05 N1 - CODEN - #07548 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - body waves; Colorado; Colorado earthquake 2011; earthquakes; elastic waves; faults; Green function; P-waves; S-waves; seismic waves; seismicity; strain; stress; United States; Virginia; Virginia earthquake 2011 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - BISICLES; a high-performance adaptive ice sheet model AN - 1676593655; 2015-038232 AB - Ice sheet dynamics span a wide range of spatial scales. There is evidence that better than 1 km resolution is necessary to accurately resolve the dynamics of grounding lines; however, resolving continental-scale ice sheets at such fine scales is prohibitively expensive computationally. At the same time, there are large regions where such fine resolution is unnecessary and would represent a waste of computational resources. We have developed an ice sheet model which uses adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) in the horizontal directions to locally refine the computational mesh in regions where fine resolution is required to accurately resolve ice sheet dynamics, while using coarser meshes in regions where such fine resolution is unneeded allows for substantial savings in computational effort. In addition, the use of the vertically-integrated momentum approximation of Schoof and Hindmarsh (2010) allows still greater computational efficiency. The use of the Chombo AMR framework greatly simplified the development of a high-performance scalable implementation of our AMR algorithm, and coupling with the existing Glimmer-CISM ice-sheet model code allows its use with global and regional climate models like CESM. To demonstrate its effectiveness, we present examples of our approach including application to continental-scale modeling. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Martin, D F AU - Cornford, S L AU - Lipscomb, W H AU - Price, S F AU - Ranken, D M AU - Ng, E G AU - Payne, A J AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - December 2011 SP - Abstract DI23A EP - 2082 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2011 KW - global KW - coupling KW - ice sheets KW - models KW - Antarctic ice sheet KW - Antarctica KW - BISICLES KW - dynamics KW - adaptive mesh refinement KW - applications KW - glacial geology KW - algorithms KW - climate KW - 23:Geomorphology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1676593655?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=BISICLES%3B+a+high-performance+adaptive+ice+sheet+model&rft.au=Martin%2C+D+F%3BCornford%2C+S+L%3BLipscomb%2C+W+H%3BPrice%2C+S+F%3BRanken%2C+D+M%3BNg%2C+E+G%3BPayne%2C+A+J%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=2011&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2011 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2015, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2015-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-30 N1 - CODEN - #07548 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - adaptive mesh refinement; algorithms; Antarctic ice sheet; Antarctica; applications; BISICLES; climate; coupling; dynamics; glacial geology; global; ice sheets; models ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nature and reactivity of sediment-associated spiked Fe(II) toward abiotic uranium reduction AN - 1673367824; 2015-034667 AB - Uranium (U) is a priority contaminant at U.S. Department of Energy Uranium Mill Tailings Remedial Action (UMTRA) sites. Mobility of U in contaminated aquifers is governed by a complex assortment of site-specific biogeochemical and hydrological properties, sediment Fe-mineralogy, and redox status. There is a particular interest in understanding factors governing U attenuation to Fe-mineralogy under natural conditions. Thus, the goal of this work is to investigate geochemical effects of Fe redox state on U mobility under conditions relevant to the Rifle aquifer, an UMTRA site. Particularly, the focus is to gain insights into the degree and mechanism of Fe(II) uptake by Rifle sediments that exhibit complex Fe-mineralogy composed of various Fe-oxides and Fe-containing clays and on the possibility of abiotic U(VI) reduction by adsorbed Fe(II) and secondary Fe(II) minerals. Earlier field studies where Fe(II)-amended groundwater was injected into the Rifle aquifer indicated: a) Fe(II) uptake by Rifle sediments is extensive and b) abiotic U(VI) reduction by Fe(II) may be important at pH 8.3. Batch reactions between Rifle sediment and (super 57) Fe(II) ( (super 57) Fe isotope is a Mossbauer sensitive nuclide with a natural abundance of 2%) under conditions relevant to the Rifle aquifer indicated that, depending on the solution conditions: a) a large fraction of the spiked (super 57) Fe(II) (55-100%) is oxidized to (super 57) Fe(III) on sediment surfaces and, at pH 7.2, the degree of oxidation decreased as Fe(II) loading increased; b) the (super 57) Fe(II)-oxidation is coupled to the transformation of an intrinsic ferrihydrite-like mineral to a nanoparticulate, Fe(II)/ (super 57) Fe(III)-like mineral phase, and c) increasing pH from 7.2 to 8.3 and including carbonate in the medium has little or no effect on percent oxidation or mineral transformation. Preliminary X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy studies suggested that 20-30% of abiotic U(VI) reduction occurred, both at pH 7.2 and 8.3, in the sediments containing 39 umol/g of spiked (super 57) Fe(II). Thus, the combined field and laboratory studies suggest that both the amount of sorbed Fe(II) and the system's pH appear to play a significant role in reduction of U(VI) to U(IV). Additional experiments are in progress to: a) determine the type of secondary Fe(II) mineral formation [e.g., siderite, Fe(OH) (sub 2) ] as a function of both the amount of spiked Fe(II) content and assortment of geochemical parameters, such as pH, carbonate content/alkalinity, and redox status, as well as their reactivity toward U(VI), and b) U speciation by extended X-ray adsorption spectroscopy (EXAFS). JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Kukkadapu, Ravi K AU - Fox, P M AU - Davis, J AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - December 2011 SP - Abstract H21A EP - 1054 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2011 KW - United States KW - water quality KW - carbonate ion KW - pollutants KW - pollution KW - iron KW - ground water KW - aquifers KW - reactivity KW - metals KW - sediments KW - Rifle Aquifer KW - uranium KW - Colorado KW - actinides KW - pH KW - heavy metals KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1673367824?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Nature+and+reactivity+of+sediment-associated+spiked+Fe%28II%29+toward+abiotic+uranium+reduction&rft.au=Kukkadapu%2C+Ravi+K%3BFox%2C+P+M%3BDavis%2C+J%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Kukkadapu&rft.aufirst=Ravi&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=2011&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2011 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2015, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2015-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-16 N1 - CODEN - #07548 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - actinides; aquifers; carbonate ion; Colorado; ground water; heavy metals; iron; metals; pH; pollutants; pollution; reactivity; Rifle Aquifer; sediments; United States; uranium; water quality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Different enzymes are involved in anaerobic, nitrate-dependent U(IV) and Fe(II) oxidation in Thiobacillus denitrificans AN - 1673367561; 2015-034668 AB - Thiobacillus denitrificans is a widespread, obligate chemolithoautotrophic bacterium that is capable of anaerobic, nitrate-dependent U(IV) and Fe(II) oxidation. Both of these processes can mediate the mobility of uranium in contaminated aquifers and thereby influence the long-term efficacy of in situ reductive immobilization of uranium at DOE sites. T. denitrificans has been found at uranium-contaminated sites, including a contaminated aquifer at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. We previously reported that two membrane-associated, diheme, c-type cytochromes (a c (sub 4) cytochrome, Tbd (sub 0187) , and a c (sub 5) cytochrome, Tbd (sub 0146) ) were involved in nitrate-dependent U(IV) oxidation in T. denitrificans. To date, these are the only genes identified to be involved in this process. In this poster, we report on work with T. denitrificans focused on determining whether the enzymes that were demonstrated to be involved in anaerobic, nitrate-dependent U(IV) oxidation are also involved in nitrate-dependent Fe(II) oxidation. Using a genetic system in T. denitrificans that enables us to create insertion mutants and complement them in trans, we constructed a series of insertion mutants. These included strains with mutations in the genes known to be associated with U(IV) oxidation (Tbd (sub 0146) and Tbd (sub 0187) ) as well as other genes encoding membrane-associated c-type cytochromes (a group of proteins that we hypothesize to be catalyzing Fe(II) oxidation). Anaerobic cell suspension assays were carried out to determine whether any of these mutants were defective in nitrate-dependent Fe(II) oxidation. We observed that the Tbd (sub 0146) and Tbd (sub 0187) mutants were not defective in nitrate-dependent Fe(II) oxidation, nor were any of the other c-type cytochrome mutants tested (including a Tbd (sub 0146) -Tbd (sub 0187) double mutant). The finding that different enzymes are associated with nitrate-dependent Fe(II) and U(IV) oxidation has led us to pursue genome-wide studies in T. denitrificans to determine the genes associated with nitrate-dependent Fe(II) oxidation. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Zhou, P AU - Beller, H R AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - December 2011 SP - Abstract H21A EP - 1055 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2011 KW - United States KW - Oak Ridge National Laboratory KW - water quality KW - trophic analysis KW - oxidation KW - genome KW - enzymes KW - environmental analysis KW - iron KW - ground water KW - aquifers KW - organic compounds KW - Thiobacillus KW - metals KW - denitrification KW - bacteria KW - Tennessee KW - anaerobic environment KW - uranium KW - nitrate ion KW - proteins KW - actinides KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1673367561?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Different+enzymes+are+involved+in+anaerobic%2C+nitrate-dependent+U%28IV%29+and+Fe%28II%29+oxidation+in+Thiobacillus+denitrificans&rft.au=Zhou%2C+P%3BBeller%2C+H+R%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Zhou&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=2011&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2011 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2015, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2015-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-16 N1 - CODEN - #07548 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - actinides; anaerobic environment; aquifers; bacteria; denitrification; environmental analysis; enzymes; genome; ground water; iron; metals; nitrate ion; Oak Ridge National Laboratory; organic compounds; oxidation; proteins; Tennessee; Thiobacillus; trophic analysis; United States; uranium; water quality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Impacts of acetate biostimulation for uranium bioreduction on aqueous arsenic geochemistry AN - 1673367278; 2015-034677 AB - Recent research has shown that stimulating microbial growth and reduction of uranium through acetate injections may help to immobilize uranium in the subsurface, but it has also been shown to increase the concentration of arsenic in the groundwater. Two uranium bioreduction experiments at the Rifle, CO former uranium mill site were investigated for the impacts on arsenic concentration and speciation. Ion chromatography was used to separate arsenic species and ICP-MS was used as an arsenic specific detector. In the 2009 experiment, the system entered sulfate reduction and high concentrations of total arsenic were observed downgradient, increasing from about 1 uM in the upgradient, oxidized samples to 10 uM downgradient. Arsenic speciation changed from predominantly arsenate to mostly arsenite when entering iron reduction. In addition, up to four more arsenic-containing species are observed as the samples reach sulfate reduction, and more sulfide is present to form thioarsenic species. For a 2010 experiment the system did not become as reduced, and lower levels of arsenic and fewer thioarsenic species were observed. Stopping before sulfate reduction allows some arsenic release, but prevents formation of highly mobile thioarsenic species contributing to the highest arsenic spikes. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Stucker, V AU - Ranville, J F AU - Giloteaux, L AU - Williams, K H AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - December 2011 SP - Abstract H21A EP - 1065 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2011 KW - United States KW - water quality KW - biodegradation KW - Garfield County Colorado KW - pollutants KW - arsenic KW - pollution KW - mass spectra KW - bioremediation KW - remediation KW - ground water KW - ICP mass spectra KW - environmental management KW - Rifle Colorado KW - Thiobacillus KW - soil pollution KW - metals KW - bacteria KW - uranium KW - spectra KW - Colorado KW - actinides KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1673367278?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Impacts+of+acetate+biostimulation+for+uranium+bioreduction+on+aqueous+arsenic+geochemistry&rft.au=Stucker%2C+V%3BRanville%2C+J+F%3BGiloteaux%2C+L%3BWilliams%2C+K+H%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Stucker&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=2011&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2011 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2015, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2015-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-16 N1 - CODEN - #07548 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - actinides; arsenic; bacteria; biodegradation; bioremediation; Colorado; environmental management; Garfield County Colorado; ground water; ICP mass spectra; mass spectra; metals; pollutants; pollution; remediation; Rifle Colorado; soil pollution; spectra; Thiobacillus; United States; uranium; water quality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimating vadose zone drainage from a capped seepage basin, F area, Savannah River Site AN - 1673367153; 2015-034689 AB - Large volumes of waste solutions were commonly discharged into unlined seepage basins at many different facilities in the past. Plutonium was extracted from depleted uranium from 1955 to 1988 at the F-Area within the Savannah River Site, with contaminated process waters disposed of in permeable seepage basins. The primarily acidic solutions contained radioactive components (including tritium, (super 129) I, and multiple isotopes of U, Pu, Sr, and Cs), elevated nitrate, and some metals (Hg, Pb, Cd). Basin 3 was the largest F-Area seepage basin, covering 2.0 hectare, with the water table typically at about 20 m below the soil surface. The local groundwater flows at an average velocity of 200 m/y in the approximately 10 m thick shallow aquifer, and is underlain by the low permeability Tan Clay. We used nearly 20 years of groundwater quality data from a monitoring well immediately downstream of Basin 3 to estimate the post-closure drainage of waste solutions through its underlying vadose zone, into the shallow aquifer. The measurements of tritium, nitrate, and specific conductance, were used as plume tracers in our estimates of vadose zone drainage. These calculations indicate that early stages of post-closure waste drainage occurred with high fluxes ( nearly equal 1 m/y), and quickly declined. However, even after 20 years, drainage continues at a low but significant rate of several cm/y. These estimated drainage fluxes can help constrain predictions on the waste plume behavior, especially with respect to its emerging trailing gradient and anticipated time scales suitable for monitored natural attenuation. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Wan, J AU - Tokunaga, T K AU - Denham, M AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - December 2011 SP - Abstract H21A EP - 1078 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2011 KW - United States KW - clay KW - South Carolina KW - isotopes KW - plutonium KW - unsaturated zone KW - lead KW - seepage KW - radioactive isotopes KW - cesium KW - sediments KW - cadmium KW - nitrate ion KW - heavy metals KW - mercury KW - alkaline earth metals KW - clastic sediments KW - pollutants KW - alkali metals KW - pollution KW - soil pollution KW - metals KW - nuclear facilities KW - uranium KW - Savannah River Site KW - actinides KW - strontium KW - permeability KW - 02D:Isotope geochemistry KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1673367153?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Estimating+vadose+zone+drainage+from+a+capped+seepage+basin%2C+F+area%2C+Savannah+River+Site&rft.au=Wan%2C+J%3BTokunaga%2C+T+K%3BDenham%2C+M%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Wan&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=2011&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2011 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2015, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2015-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-16 N1 - CODEN - #07548 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - actinides; alkali metals; alkaline earth metals; cadmium; cesium; clastic sediments; clay; heavy metals; isotopes; lead; mercury; metals; nitrate ion; nuclear facilities; permeability; plutonium; pollutants; pollution; radioactive isotopes; Savannah River Site; sediments; seepage; soil pollution; South Carolina; strontium; United States; unsaturated zone; uranium ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluating the risk of chromium reoxidation in aquifer sediments following a reductive bioremediation treatment AN - 1673367081; 2015-034663 AB - Remediation of chromium contamination typically involves reducing the toxic and soluble hexavalent form, Cr(VI), to the relatively harmless and mostly immobile trivalent state, Cr(III). The objective of this study is to investigate the potential for reduced chromium precipitates to be remobilized under oxidizing conditions that are expected to be prevalent some time after the bioremediation treatment is completed. In an initial phase of the experiment, reduction under anaerobic conditions was observed for over 12 months by subjecting flow-through columns containing homogenized sediments from the Hanford 100H aquifer to different dominant electron acceptors, i.e. NO (sub 3) (super -) , Fe(III), or SO (sub 4) (super 2-) , in the presence of 5 mu M Cr(VI) and 5 mM lactate. Cr(VI) was depleted in the effluent solutions of the nitrate-treated columns, all of which exhibited denitrification, as well as in sulfate-amended columns in which fermentative conditions became dominant (with a minor amount of sulfate reduction). In the second phase of the study, oxygenated water with 2 mM nitrate was flowed through the denitrifying and fermentative columns for several months, without addition of Cr(VI) or lactate. The results show that the chromium that precipitated in the denitrifying columns was steadily mobilized under the oxidizing conditions, although the concentration of Cr(VI) in the effluent remained low (<0.25 mu M). However, measurable Cr(VI) was not detected in the effluent from the fermentative sulfate-amended column. Reducing conditions were sustained in the fermentative column despite the continuous influx of O (sub 2) , as indicated by the decrease of nitrate and accumulation of nitrite, potentially due to the presence of sulfides precipitated during the initial reducing phase of the experiment. The results from this study suggest that the biogeochemical conditions present during the reductive treatment phase can substantially impact the long-term sustainability of the remediation effort. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Varadharajan, C AU - Nico, P S AU - Yang, L AU - Han, R AU - Bill, M AU - Larsen, J AU - Van Hise, A AU - Molins, S AU - Steefel, C AU - Conrad, M E AU - Lim, H AU - Brodie, E L AU - Beller, H R AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - December 2011 SP - Abstract H21A EP - 1050 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2011 KW - United States KW - water quality KW - Washington KW - sulfate ion KW - pollutants KW - biochemistry KW - pollution KW - Hanford Site KW - bioremediation KW - remediation KW - ground water KW - aquifers KW - toxicity KW - metals KW - Desulfovibrio KW - bacteria KW - risk assessment KW - nitrite ion KW - heavy metals KW - chromium KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1673367081?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Evaluating+the+risk+of+chromium+reoxidation+in+aquifer+sediments+following+a+reductive+bioremediation+treatment&rft.au=Varadharajan%2C+C%3BNico%2C+P+S%3BYang%2C+L%3BHan%2C+R%3BBill%2C+M%3BLarsen%2C+J%3BVan+Hise%2C+A%3BMolins%2C+S%3BSteefel%2C+C%3BConrad%2C+M+E%3BLim%2C+H%3BBrodie%2C+E+L%3BBeller%2C+H+R%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Varadharajan&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=2011&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2011 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2015, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2015-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-16 N1 - CODEN - #07548 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifers; bacteria; biochemistry; bioremediation; chromium; Desulfovibrio; ground water; Hanford Site; heavy metals; metals; nitrite ion; pollutants; pollution; remediation; risk assessment; sulfate ion; toxicity; United States; Washington; water quality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Field scale controls of uranium bioreduction efficacy; the role of physicochemical heterogeneity AN - 1673366273; 2015-034679 AB - It has been demonstrated in laboratory systems that bacteria from natural environments can reduce U(VI) to immobile U(IV), therefore preventing the spreading of U(VI). The ultimate rate and efficacy of bioreduction at the field scale, however, is often challenging to quantify because it depends on the characteristics of field sites. In this work, the field scale efficacy of uranium bioreduction is quantified using an integrated approach. The approach combines field data, inverse and forward hydrological and reactive transport modeling, and upscaling. The approach is used to explore the impact of local scale (tens of centimeters) parameters and processes on field scale (tens of meters) system responses to biostimulation treatments and the controls of physicochemical heterogeneity on bioreduction efficacy. Using the biostimulation experiments at the Department of Energy Old Rifle site as an example, our results show that the spatial distribution of hydraulic conductivity and solid phase mineral (Fe(III)) play a critical role in determining the field-scale bioreduction efficacy. Due to the dependence on Fe-reducing bacteria, the overall U(VI) bioreduction efficacy was found to be largely controlled by the abundance of Fe(III) minerals at the vicinity of the injection wells. In addition, if there is preferential flow paths that connect injection wells to down gradient Fe(III) abundant areas, uranium bioreduction efficacy can also be enhanced. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Li, L AU - Gawande, N AU - Kowalsky, M B AU - Steefel, C AU - Hubbard, S S AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - December 2011 SP - Abstract H21A EP - 1068 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2011 KW - water quality KW - biodegradation KW - pollutants KW - physicochemical properties KW - pollution KW - bioremediation KW - iron KW - remediation KW - ground water KW - aquifers KW - soil pollution KW - metals KW - uranium KW - hydraulic conductivity KW - efficiency KW - actinides KW - field studies KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1673366273?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Field+scale+controls+of+uranium+bioreduction+efficacy%3B+the+role+of+physicochemical+heterogeneity&rft.au=Li%2C+L%3BGawande%2C+N%3BKowalsky%2C+M+B%3BSteefel%2C+C%3BHubbard%2C+S+S%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=2011&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2011 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2015, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2015-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-16 N1 - CODEN - #07548 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - actinides; aquifers; biodegradation; bioremediation; efficiency; field studies; ground water; hydraulic conductivity; iron; metals; physicochemical properties; pollutants; pollution; remediation; soil pollution; uranium; water quality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Metagenomic and meta-transcriptomic analysis of a chromate-reducing aquifer microbial community AN - 1673365894; 2015-034665 AB - As part of a highly interdisciplinary study of in situ reductive immobilization of Cr at DOE's Hanford 100H site, we are developing a systems biology approach (employing metagenomic and meta-transcriptomic data) to identify highly expressed genes in the native microbial community under conditions of interest, without requiring any a priori sequence information or assumptions about what processes might be occurring. A key scientific goal is to determine if there are diagnostic biomolecular signatures indicative of important aquifer biogeochemical processes that can be used to (a) help discriminate between direct (enzymatic) and indirect (abiotic) oxidation-reduction processes relevant to bioremediation and (b) to inform and constrain reactive transport models even when geochemical field measurements do not reveal all relevant processes. We are in the process of collecting metagenomic and meta-transcriptomic sequence information from various experimental systems under conditions relevant to in situ chromate reduction at Hanford 100H. This poster focuses on Hanford microcosm studies. To characterize functional changes in an aquifer-derived, chromate-reducing microbial community as it transitions successively through electron-accepting conditions relevant to the Hanford subsurface, we inoculated anaerobic microcosms with groundwater from the Cr-contaminated Hanford 100H site and supplemented them with lactate and electron acceptors present at the site [e.g., nitrate, sulfate, and Fe(III)]. Metagenomic and meta-transcriptomic "snapshots" were taken during denitrification, sulfate and Fe(III) reduction, and nitrate-dependent oxidation of Fe(II) and sulfide. We conducted Illumina paired-end sequencing, assembled with ABySS-pe, and initially annotated using MG-RAST and CAMERA. cDNA samples for meta-transcriptome sequencing represented mRNA enriched using a new subtractive hybridization method resulting in 61-78% of reads mapping to their corresponding metagenomes. Observations from the analyses to date include the following: (1) consistent phylogenetic community transitions were documented by 16S rRNA pyrotag and metagenome sequence data as Hanford microcosms passed successively through denitrifying conditions (dominated initially by beta-Proteobacteria) to fermentative and sulfate- and iron-reducing conditions (dominated by Firmicutes); (2) the greatest diversity of denitrification genes occurred during initial denitrifying phase; (3) high expression of nitrate reductase (nar) and S oxidation (soxWXYZABCD) genes occurred after nitrate was added to cultures following sulfate-reducing phase, even though S oxidation was not detectable based on sulfate measurements; and (4) highly expressed genes in Hanford microcosms and groundwater included "hypothetical proteins", which supports the monitoring approach that we are pursuing, namely, to focus on highly expressed genes specific to Hanford rather than genes chosen a priori. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Beller, H R AU - Lim, H AU - Han, R AU - Karaoz, U AU - Brodie, E L AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - December 2011 SP - Abstract H21A EP - 1052 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2011 KW - United States KW - water quality KW - Washington KW - pollutants KW - pollution KW - Hanford Site KW - bioremediation KW - chromates KW - remediation KW - ground water KW - aquifers KW - metals KW - denitrification KW - Desulfovibrio KW - bacteria KW - water pollution KW - heavy metals KW - chromium KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1673365894?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Metagenomic+and+meta-transcriptomic+analysis+of+a+chromate-reducing+aquifer+microbial+community&rft.au=Beller%2C+H+R%3BLim%2C+H%3BHan%2C+R%3BKaraoz%2C+U%3BBrodie%2C+E+L%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Beller&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=2011&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2011 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2015, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2015-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-16 N1 - CODEN - #07548 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifers; bacteria; bioremediation; chromates; chromium; denitrification; Desulfovibrio; ground water; Hanford Site; heavy metals; metals; pollutants; pollution; remediation; United States; Washington; water pollution; water quality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Imaging of bioreduced sediment; Tc(IV/VII) and Fe(II/III) redox kinetics and DTPA as a conservative tracer AN - 1673365867; 2015-034682 AB - Microbially mediated reduction of sediment bound iron from Fe(III) to Fe(II) following electron donor augmentation holds great promise for the sequestration of environmental contaminants including technetium, uranium, and chromium. We have used gamma camera imaging to measure soluble 99mTc concentrations in microcosm experiments; tracking the rate of reduction of 99mTc(IV)-pertechnetate, evaluating 99mTc-DTPA as a conservative hydrologic flow tracer, and examining the dynamics of redox cycling of both Fe(II)/Fe(III) and Tc(IV)/Tc(VII) in sediment from the DOE-IRFC site at Rifle, CO. Eleven experiments were performed on 4 water/sediment microcosms over 4 weeks, before and after microcosms were augmented with 6mM acetate to stimulate microbially mediated reduction of Fe(III) to Fe(II). A summary of the experiments' data is given in the Figure 1. Data analysis methods of fitting concentration curves of 99mTc(VII) in solution to a dual exponential function gives a quantitative index Tc(VII) to Tc(IV) reduction rate in the presence of Fe(II). Following acetate amendment, the rate of Tc(VII) reduction progressively increased with time. A reoxidation experiment showed that oxygenating the microcosms oxidized Fe(II) to Fe(III), subsequently preventing Tc(VII) reduction, but with a return to anoxic conditions, bioreduction of Fe(III) occurred faster than before oxygenation, an observation that is particularly relevant to field-scale work. Another reoxygenation experiment showed that when in reducing conditions, sediment-bound Tc(IV) is rapidly resolublized to Tc(VII) with an increase in dissolved oxygen. 99mTc-DTPA proves to be a conservative tracer, showing little interaction with sediment in both Fe(III)-reducing and non-reducing conditions. These experiments show the utility of nuclear medicine tools and readily available radiotracers for non-invasive monitoring of sediment geochemistry and hydrologic properties during reactive transport. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Vandehey, N T AU - O'Neil, J P AU - Buchko, R AU - Druhan, J L AU - Moses, W W AU - Nico, P S AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - December 2011 SP - Abstract H21A EP - 1071 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2011 KW - United States KW - water quality KW - Garfield County Colorado KW - iron KW - remediation KW - Rifle Colorado KW - transport KW - sediments KW - reactive transport KW - heavy metals KW - chromium KW - esters KW - technetium KW - monitoring KW - acetates KW - pollutants KW - pollution KW - bioremediation KW - organic compounds KW - soil pollution KW - metals KW - uranium KW - Colorado KW - actinides KW - field studies KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1673365867?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Imaging+of+bioreduced+sediment%3B+Tc%28IV%2FVII%29+and+Fe%28II%2FIII%29+redox+kinetics+and+DTPA+as+a+conservative+tracer&rft.au=Vandehey%2C+N+T%3BO%27Neil%2C+J+P%3BBuchko%2C+R%3BDruhan%2C+J+L%3BMoses%2C+W+W%3BNico%2C+P+S%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Vandehey&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=2011&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2011 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2015, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2015-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-16 N1 - CODEN - #07548 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - acetates; actinides; bioremediation; chromium; Colorado; esters; field studies; Garfield County Colorado; heavy metals; iron; metals; monitoring; organic compounds; pollutants; pollution; reactive transport; remediation; Rifle Colorado; sediments; soil pollution; technetium; transport; United States; uranium; water quality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular-scale characterization of natural organic matter from A uranium contaminated aquifer and its utilization by native microbial communities AN - 1673365830; 2015-034675 AB - The availability and form of natural organic matter (NOM) strongly influences rates of microbial metabolism and associated redox processes in subsurface environments. This is an important consideration in metal-contaminated aquifers, such as the DOE's Rifle Integrated Field Research Challenge (IFRC) site, where naturally occurring suboxic conditions in groundwater may play an important function in controlling uranium mobility, and therefore the long-term stewardship of the site. Currently, the biophysiochemical processes surrounding the nature of the aquifer and its role in controlling the fate and transport of uranium are poorly understood. Using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS) with electrospray ionization (ESI), we characterized dissolved organic matter (DOM) chemistry for three surface and groundwater sources at Rifle and assessed microbial utilization in batch incubation experiments. FT-ICR-MS uniquely offers ultrahigh mass measurement accuracy and resolving power for polar organics, in addition to enabling elemental composition assignments of these compounds. Samples were collected from the Colorado River, a shallow groundwater aquifer adjacent to the river, and a spring/seep discharge point upgradient from the aquifer. DOM was concentrated and purified from each source and analyzed using FT-ICR-MS with ESI. We identified between 6,000 and 7,000 formulae at each location, with the river sample having the smallest and the spring sample having the largest number of identified peaks. The groundwater and spring samples contained DOM with a large percentage of formulae containing nitrogen and sulfur species, while the river sample was dominated by carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen species. Less than 38% of the formulae were shared between any two samples, indicating a significant level of uniqueness across the samples. Unsaturated hydrocarbons, cellulose, and lipids were rapidly utilized by indigenous bacteria during a 24-day incubation period, and presumably transformed to more recalcitrant lignins and protein-type molecules. These findings indicate that FT-ICR-MS with ESI is an effective method for characterizing molecular-scale differences in DOM from complex environments. We also provide preliminary evidence that certain DOM fractions are more efficiently utilized by indigenous microbial communities and likely play an important role in controlling reducing conditions in heterogeneous subsurface environments. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Mouser, P J AU - Wilkins, M J AU - Williams, K H AU - Smith, D F AU - Pasa-Tolic, L AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - December 2011 SP - Abstract H21A EP - 1062 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2011 KW - United States KW - water quality KW - Garfield County Colorado KW - lipids KW - data processing KW - characterization KW - pollution KW - ground water KW - fast Fourier transforms KW - Rifle Colorado KW - organic compounds KW - metals KW - Fourier analysis KW - risk assessment KW - uranium KW - Colorado KW - water pollution KW - actinides KW - heavy metals KW - microorganisms KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1673365830?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Molecular-scale+characterization+of+natural+organic+matter+from+A+uranium+contaminated+aquifer+and+its+utilization+by+native+microbial+communities&rft.au=Mouser%2C+P+J%3BWilkins%2C+M+J%3BWilliams%2C+K+H%3BSmith%2C+D+F%3BPasa-Tolic%2C+L%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Mouser&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=2011&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2011 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2015, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2015-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-16 N1 - CODEN - #07548 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - actinides; characterization; Colorado; data processing; fast Fourier transforms; Fourier analysis; Garfield County Colorado; ground water; heavy metals; lipids; metals; microorganisms; organic compounds; pollution; Rifle Colorado; risk assessment; United States; uranium; water pollution; water quality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Microbially induced calcite precipitation for subsurface immobilization of contaminants AN - 1673365428; 2015-034664 AB - Subsurface radionuclide and metal contaminants throughout the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) complex pose one of the greatest challenges for long-term stewardship. One promising stabilization mechanism for divalent trace ions, such as the short-lived radionuclide (super 90) Sr, is co-precipitation in calcite. We have found that calcite precipitation and co-precipitation of Sr can be accelerated by the activity of urea hydrolyzing microorganisms, that higher calcite precipitation rates can result in increased Sr partitioning, and that nutrient additions can stimulate ureolytic activity. To extend our understanding of microbially induced calcite precipitation (MICP) in an aquifer setting a continuous recirculation field experiment evaluating MICP was conducted at the Integrated Field Research Challenge (IFRC) site located at Rifle, CO. In this experiment, groundwater extracted from an onsite well was amended with urea (total mass of 42.5 kg) and molasses (a carbon and electron donor) and re-injected into a well approximately 4 meters up-gradient for a period of 12 days followed by 10 months of groundwater sampling and monitoring. Crosshole radar and electrical tomographic data were collected prior, during, and after the MICP treatment. The urea and molasses treatment resulted in an enhanced population of sediment associated urea hydrolyzing organisms as evidenced by increases in the number of ureC gene copies, increases in (super 14) C urea hydrolysis rates, and long-term observations of ammonium (a urea hydrolysis product) in the injection, extraction and down gradient monitoring wells. Permeability changes and increases in the calcite saturation indexes in the well field suggest that mineral precipitation has occurred; ongoing analysis of field samples seeks to confirm this. Changes in dielectric constant and electrical conductivity were used to interpret the spatiotemporal distribution of the injectate and subsequent calcite precipitation. Modeling activities are underway to define field-scale urea hydrolysis rates. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Smith, R W AU - Fujita, Y AU - Ginn, T R AU - Hubbard, S S AU - Dafflon, B AU - Delwiche, M AU - Gebrehiwet, T AU - Henriksen, J R AU - Peterson, J AU - Taylor, J L AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - December 2011 SP - Abstract H21A EP - 1051 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2011 KW - Sr-90 KW - ammonium KW - alkaline earth metals KW - monitoring KW - isotopes KW - pollutants KW - pollution KW - hydrolysis KW - molasse KW - ground water KW - calcite KW - partitioning KW - radioactive isotopes KW - precipitation KW - metals KW - carbonates KW - strontium KW - permeability KW - 02D:Isotope geochemistry KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1673365428?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Microbially+induced+calcite+precipitation+for+subsurface+immobilization+of+contaminants&rft.au=Smith%2C+R+W%3BFujita%2C+Y%3BGinn%2C+T+R%3BHubbard%2C+S+S%3BDafflon%2C+B%3BDelwiche%2C+M%3BGebrehiwet%2C+T%3BHenriksen%2C+J+R%3BPeterson%2C+J%3BTaylor%2C+J+L%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=2011&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2011 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2015, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2015-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-16 N1 - CODEN - #07548 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - alkaline earth metals; ammonium; calcite; carbonates; ground water; hydrolysis; isotopes; metals; molasse; monitoring; partitioning; permeability; pollutants; pollution; precipitation; radioactive isotopes; Sr-90; strontium ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modeling of Cr(VI) bioreduction under fermentative and denitrifying conditions AN - 1673365394; 2015-034662 AB - The mechanisms of bioreductive immobilization of Cr(VI) were investigated by reactive transport modeling of a set of flow-through column experiments performed using natural Hanford 100H aquifer sediment. The columns were continuously eluted with 5 mu M Cr(VI), 5 mM lactate as the electron donor, and selected electron acceptors (tested individually). Here we focus on the two separate experimental conditions that showed the most removal of Cr(VI) from solution: fermentation and denitrification. In each case, a network of enzymatic and abiotic reaction pathways was considered to interpret the rate of chromate reduction. The model included biomass growth and decay, and thermodynamic limitations on reaction rates, and was constrained by effluent concentrations measured by IC and ICP-MS and additional information from bacterial isolates from column effluent. Under denitrifying conditions, Cr(VI) reduction was modeled as co-metabolic with nitrate reduction based on experimental observations and previous studies on a denitrifying bacterium derived from the Hanford 100H aquifer. The reactive transport model results supported this interpretation of the reaction mechanism and were used to quantify the efficiency of the process. The models results also suggest that biomass growth likely relied on a nitrogen source other than ammonium (e.g. nitrate). Under fermentative conditions and based on cell suspension studies performed on a bacterial isolate from the columns, the model assumes that Cr(VI) reduction is carried out directly by fermentative bacteria that convert lactate into acetate and propionate. The evolution to complete lactate fermentation and Cr(VI) reduction took place over a week's time and simulations were used to determine an estimate for a lower limit of the rate of chromate reduction by calibration with the flow-through column experimental results. In spite of sulfate being added to these columns, sulfate reduction proceeded at a slow rate and was not well constrained. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Molins, S AU - Steefel, C AU - Yang, L AU - Beller, H R AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - December 2011 SP - Abstract H21A EP - 1049 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2011 KW - United States KW - ammonium KW - Washington KW - pollution KW - mass spectra KW - Hanford Site KW - ground water KW - aquifers KW - ICP mass spectra KW - transport KW - soil pollution KW - metals KW - denitrification KW - bacteria KW - sediments KW - fermentation KW - reactive transport KW - spectra KW - thermodynamic properties KW - nitrate ion KW - chromium KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1673365394?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Modeling+of+Cr%28VI%29+bioreduction+under+fermentative+and+denitrifying+conditions&rft.au=Molins%2C+S%3BSteefel%2C+C%3BYang%2C+L%3BBeller%2C+H+R%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Molins&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=2011&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2011 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2015, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2015-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-16 N1 - CODEN - #07548 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - ammonium; aquifers; bacteria; chromium; denitrification; fermentation; ground water; Hanford Site; ICP mass spectra; mass spectra; metals; nitrate ion; pollution; reactive transport; sediments; soil pollution; spectra; thermodynamic properties; transport; United States; Washington ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dryout of a steep hillslope during periods of extended seasonal drought AN - 1668232524; 2015-030468 AB - Studies investigating the mechanics of hillslope hydrology typically explore processes that are prominent as precipitation is transformed to runoff. In seasonally water-stressed environments such as arid Mediterranean climates, re-distribution of subsurface moisture during extended periods of seasonal drought is also a significant, though often ignored, component of the hydrologic system. During this period, ground moisture sustains vegetation for upwards of 6 months without replenishment, and researchers have suggested that weathered bedrock is a critical source of water during the summer drought. We have monitored a 4000 m2 hillslope in the Angelo Coast Range Reserve along the Eel River in Northern California to explore hydrologic processes. Since September 2007, devices for tracking saturation changes in soil and rock (e.g., TDR probes, Electrical Resistance Probes, Neutron logging), and climate attributes have been installed throughout the catchment. In addition, 7 deep wells up to nearly 30 m depth were drilled across the hillslope and water levels have been continuously monitored since then. Drilling revealed a thin (< 0.3 m) soil mantle overlying a fractured mudstone weathering profile that extends up to 20 m near the ridgetop and tapers downslope towards a bedrock lined channel named Elder Creek. Baseflow sustains Elder Creek year round. Vegetation at the site is dominated by Pseudostuga menziesii (Douglas Fir), Arbutus menziesii (Madrone), Quercus wislizeni (Interior live oak), Umbellularia californica (California Bay), Notholithocarpus densiflorus (Tan-bark oak) and Sequoia sempervirens (Redwood) trees. Average rainfall is about 2 m with nearly all of it occurring between November and April. For approximately six months during the warm summer, there is no recordable precipitation. We have observed that during the long precipitation-free period, there is significant reduction in the amount of water retained in the shallow soil/weathered rock profile, and in the location of the underlying water table. In both, the rate of decline is largest at the start of the summer, which then gradually decreases over the next few months. In the unsaturated rock zone, extending approximately 4-25m below the ground surface, there are small, though measurable, reductions in moisture content to depths less than 10 m. In the deeper unsaturated profile, there are no measurable changes in saturation. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Salve, R AU - Rempe, D M AU - Dietrich, W E AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - December 2011 SP - Abstract H33E EP - 1356 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2011 KW - United States KW - hydrology KW - terrestrial environment KW - soil profiles KW - moisture KW - arid environment KW - Angelo Coast Range Reserve KW - Eel River KW - unsaturated zone KW - mechanical properties KW - atmospheric precipitation KW - vegetation KW - ground water KW - drought KW - California KW - recharge KW - weathered materials KW - parent materials KW - ecology KW - seasonal variations KW - Northern California KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1668232524?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Dryout+of+a+steep+hillslope+during+periods+of+extended+seasonal+drought&rft.au=Salve%2C+R%3BRempe%2C+D+M%3BDietrich%2C+W+E%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Salve&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=2011&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://abstractsearch.agu.org/meetings/2011/FM/sections/H/sessions/H33E/abstracts/H33E-1356.html LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2011 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2015, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2015-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-02 N1 - CODEN - #07548 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Angelo Coast Range Reserve; arid environment; atmospheric precipitation; California; drought; ecology; Eel River; ground water; hydrology; mechanical properties; moisture; Northern California; parent materials; recharge; seasonal variations; soil profiles; terrestrial environment; United States; unsaturated zone; vegetation; weathered materials ER - TY - JOUR T1 - "Carbon in Underland"; a multidisciplinary approach to producing an informative animated video for the Center for Nanoscale Control of Geological CO (sub 2) AN - 1668231159; 2015-030553 AB - As part of the "Science for Our Nation's Energy Future, Summit and Forum", each of the 46 Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRCs) created in 2009 by the US Department of Energy was invited to design a short, engaging film with the central goal to educate, inspire, and entertain an intelligent but not expert audience about the extraordinary science, innovation and people in their center. The Center for Nanoscale Control of Geological CO (sub 2) (NCGC) is an EFRC that is building a next generation understanding of molecular-to-pore-scale processes critical to controlling the flow,transport, and ultimate mineralization in porous rock media, in particular as applied to geologic sequestration of CO (sub 2) . In response to the invitation, the NCGC assembled a team that included several young scientists, the Center project manager, and members from the Public Affairs and Creative Services Office of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory with the objective of preparing a submission. A videographer from the Creative Services Office was responsible for overall management including production, art direction, and editing, while scientists from the Center were responsible for scientific content and original storyline concept. The Center project manager facilitated the communication between team members. A group of scientists together with the project manager developed the original idea, which was refined and given shape as a script in dialogue form by a science writer from Public Affairs. The objective was to communicate scientific content in an entertaining manner with a simple storyline. In a second phase, the script was revised further by scientists for content. Clips from experiments and modeling simulations were requested from the Center's scientists to illustrate the scientific content. Video production and animation were done by the videographer and an animator in an iterative process that involve feedback from the Center team. The final cut was edited to meet the maximum length requirements set in the submission rules. The video was posted on Berkeley Lab's YouTube channel and was one of five winning entries in the Life at the Frontiers of Energy Research video contest. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Molins, S AU - Cappuccio, J A AU - Berry, I AU - Miller, J AU - Bourg, I C AU - Kelly, L M AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - December 2011 SP - Abstract PA33C EP - 07 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2011 KW - United States KW - carbon sequestration KW - public awareness KW - video methods KW - injection KW - pollution KW - Alameda County California KW - education KW - research KW - reservoir rocks KW - carbon dioxide KW - California KW - Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory KW - geoscience KW - computer animation KW - greenhouse gases KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1668231159?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=%22Carbon+in+Underland%22%3B+a+multidisciplinary+approach+to+producing+an+informative+animated+video+for+the+Center+for+Nanoscale+Control+of+Geological+CO+%28sub+2%29&rft.au=Molins%2C+S%3BCappuccio%2C+J+A%3BBerry%2C+I%3BMiller%2C+J%3BBourg%2C+I+C%3BKelly%2C+L+M%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Molins&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=2011&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://abstractsearch.agu.org/meetings/2011/FM/sections/PA/sessions/PA33C/abstracts/PA33C-07.html LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2011 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2015, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2015-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-02 N1 - CODEN - #07548 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Alameda County California; California; carbon dioxide; carbon sequestration; computer animation; education; geoscience; greenhouse gases; injection; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; pollution; public awareness; research; reservoir rocks; United States; video methods ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analytical solutions for pressure perturbation and fluid leakage through aquitards and wells in a multilayered system AN - 1668231084; 2015-030493 AB - Large-scale groundwater pumping or deep fluid injection in a multilayered system may generate pressure perturbation not only in the target formation(s), but also in over- and underlying units. Hydraulic communication in the vertical direction may occur via diffuse leakage through aquitards and/or via focused leakage through leaky wells. Existing analytical solutions for pressure perturbation and fluid flow in such systems consider either diffuse leakage or focused leakage, but never in combination with each other. This study presents generalized analytical solutions for pressure buildup and fluid leakage rates in a multilayered system consisting of any number of aquifers, alternating aquitards, injection wells, and leaky wells. The equations of horizontal groundwater flow in the aquifers are coupled by the equations of vertical flow in the aquitards and by the continuity equations in the leaky wells. The general solutions were obtained by applying the Laplace Transform method and eigenvalue analysis to the governing equations. Accuracy of the solutions was demonstrated by comparison with other analytical solutions as well as with detailed numerical predictions. Example applications to hypothetical CO2 injection scenarios (without consideration of two-phase flow) demonstrate that the new solutions are an efficient tool for analyzing pressure buildup in multilayered systems with leakage through multiple aquitards and multiple leaky wells. The solutions are particularly useful when a large number of calculations need to be performed, i.e., for uncertainty quantification, parameter estimation, or for the optimization of pressure management schemes. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Zhou, Q AU - Cihan, A AU - Birkholzer, J T AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - December 2011 SP - Abstract H33G EP - 1401 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2011 KW - pressure KW - injection KW - fluid flow KW - mathematical models KW - enhanced recovery KW - aquitards KW - Laplace transformations KW - layered materials KW - ground water KW - models KW - multiple aquifers KW - leaky aquifers KW - hydraulic conductivity KW - water wells KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1668231084?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Analytical+solutions+for+pressure+perturbation+and+fluid+leakage+through+aquitards+and+wells+in+a+multilayered+system&rft.au=Zhou%2C+Q%3BCihan%2C+A%3BBirkholzer%2C+J+T%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Zhou&rft.aufirst=Q&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=2011&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://abstractsearch.agu.org/meetings/2011/FM/sections/H/sessions/H33G/abstracts/H33G-1401.html LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2011 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2015, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2015-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-02 N1 - CODEN - #07548 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquitards; enhanced recovery; fluid flow; ground water; hydraulic conductivity; injection; Laplace transformations; layered materials; leaky aquifers; mathematical models; models; multiple aquifers; pressure; water wells ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Foam-based delivery of amendments to immobilize metals and radionuclides in deep vadose zone environments AN - 1664439160; 2015-024838 AB - Vadose zone environments can be sources and pathways for contaminant migration to groundwater aquifers, when very deep (> nearly equal 50 m) contaminants are difficult to remediate using conventional methods (e.g. excavation). This problem is particularly challenging in the arid western United States where the vadose zone may be > 100 m thick, extremely dry ( nearly equal 5 % water content), and in some cases, contaminated with a mixture of metals, radionuclides, and a variety of organic and inorganic co-contaminants. Chemical amendments have been developed for use in immobilizing contaminants in groundwater aquifers e.g., adding base to increase pH and sorb metals and radionuclides from acidic plumes or adding growth substrates to stimulate indigenous microbial activity and create reducing conditions that precipitate contaminants in poorly soluble mineral phases. However, delivering chemical amendments to dry vadose zone environments by injecting aqueous solutions may potentially mobilize contaminants by increasing the sediment's water content. Development of alternative methods for delivering chemical amendments to the deep vadose zone is a potentially useful approach for meeting remediation goals at some sites. We are exploring the use of foams, formed from liquid surfactants and air, as an agent to deliver chemical amendments to the deep vadose zone at the Hanford Site where the targeted contaminants include U, Tc, and nitrate. Injected foams can carry chemical amendments with limited amounts of water, reducing the potential for contaminant mobilization. We will present the results of numerical modeling, and pore- to intermediate scale laboratory experiments aimed at formulating foams to deliver polyphosphate to deep vadose zone sediments contaminated with uranium. When phosphate, delivered by injected foam, reacts with vadose zone pore water, poorly soluble, apatite-like phosphate minerals precipitate and sequester U(VI), limiting its downward migration to the underlying groundwater aquifer. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Istok, J D AU - Jansik, D P AU - Foote, M AU - Zhang, Z F AU - Wu, Y AU - Hubbard, S S AU - Mattigod, S AU - Zhong, L AU - Wellman, D M AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - December 2011 SP - Abstract H24A EP - 03 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2011 KW - United States KW - contaminant plumes KW - unsaturated zone KW - aqueous solutions KW - remediation KW - ground water KW - mineral composition KW - nitrate ion KW - chemical composition KW - technetium KW - Washington KW - numerical models KW - injection KW - solutes KW - pollution KW - Hanford Site KW - porous materials KW - migration of elements KW - solubility KW - aquifers KW - metals KW - surfactants KW - uranium KW - actinides KW - pore water KW - foam KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1664439160?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Foam-based+delivery+of+amendments+to+immobilize+metals+and+radionuclides+in+deep+vadose+zone+environments&rft.au=Istok%2C+J+D%3BJansik%2C+D+P%3BFoote%2C+M%3BZhang%2C+Z+F%3BWu%2C+Y%3BHubbard%2C+S+S%3BMattigod%2C+S%3BZhong%2C+L%3BWellman%2C+D+M%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Istok&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=2011&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://abstractsearch.agu.org/meetings/2011/FM/sections/H/sessions/H24A/abstracts/H24A-03.html LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2011 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2015, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2015-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - CODEN - #07548 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - actinides; aqueous solutions; aquifers; chemical composition; contaminant plumes; foam; ground water; Hanford Site; injection; metals; migration of elements; mineral composition; nitrate ion; numerical models; pollution; pore water; porous materials; remediation; solubility; solutes; surfactants; technetium; United States; unsaturated zone; uranium; Washington ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantitative analysis of uranium accumulation on sediments during field-scale biostimulation under variable bicarbonate concentrations at the Rifle IFRC site AN - 1664439147; 2015-024840 AB - Bioremediation of uranium in subsurface environments is an approach that has been used at numerous field sites throughout the U.S in an attempt to lower dissolved U(VI) concentrations in groundwater. At the Rifle IFRC research site in Colorado, biostimulation of the native microbial population through acetate amendment for various periods of time has been tested in order to immobilize uranium through reduction U(VI) to U(IV). While this approach has successfully decreased U(VI) concentrations in the dissolved phase, often to levels below the EPA's maximum contaminant level of 0.13 mu M, little work has examined the solid-phase accumulation of U during field-scale biostimulation. The lack of information on solid-phase U accumulation is due in large part to the difficulty of obtaining comparable pre- and post-biostimulation field sediment samples. In addition, the relatively low (<10 ppm) U concentrations present in most sediments preclude the use of spectroscopic techniques such as XAS for examining solid-phase U speciation. However, a recently developed technique of performing column experiments in situ has allowed us to overcome both of these problems, obtaining sediment samples which were exposed to the same biogeochemical conditions as subsurface sediments during the course of biostimulation. During the 2010 Rifle IFRC field experiment (dubbed "Super 8"), a number of in situ columns were deployed in various wells representing regions of the aquifer affected by acetate amendment (ambient bicarbonate) and concomitant acetate and bicarbonate amendment (elevated bicarbonate). Elevated levels of bicarbonate have been shown to cause desorption of U(VI) from the solid phase at the Rifle site under non-stimulated conditions, resulting in higher dissolved U(VI) concentrations in the aquifer. The Super 8 field experiment was designed in part to test the effect of elevated bicarbonate concentrations on U sequestration during biostimulation. Results from this experiment provide a comparison of temporal aqueous and solid-phase U concentrations under ambient and elevated bicarbonate conditions during field-scale biostimulation. Additionally, a subset of in situ columns amended with 20 mu M U(VI) were analyzed by XANES in order to determine the relative importance of U(VI) and U(IV) in the solid phase. While the elevated bicarbonate concentrations did not impede reduction and sequestration of U, differences in the behavior of dissolved U(VI) after acetate amendment was stopped demonstrate the importance of U adsorption-desorption reactions in controlling dissolved U concentrations post-biostimulation. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Fox, P M AU - Davis, J A AU - Bargar, J R AU - Williams, K H AU - Singer, D M AU - Long, Philip E AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - December 2011 SP - Abstract H24A EP - 05 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2011 KW - United States KW - concentration KW - biodegradation KW - toxic materials KW - Garfield County Colorado KW - solutes KW - pollution KW - migration of elements KW - bioremediation KW - bicarbonate ion KW - remediation KW - ground water KW - aquifers KW - Rifle Colorado KW - Rifle Integrated Field Research Challenge Project KW - metals KW - sediments KW - uranium KW - Colorado KW - actinides KW - chemical fractionation KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1664439147?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Quantitative+analysis+of+uranium+accumulation+on+sediments+during+field-scale+biostimulation+under+variable+bicarbonate+concentrations+at+the+Rifle+IFRC+site&rft.au=Fox%2C+P+M%3BDavis%2C+J+A%3BBargar%2C+J+R%3BWilliams%2C+K+H%3BSinger%2C+D+M%3BLong%2C+Philip+E%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Fox&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=2011&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://abstractsearch.agu.org/meetings/2011/FM/sections/H/sessions/H24A/abstracts/H24A-05.html LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2011 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2015, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2015-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - CODEN - #07548 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - actinides; aquifers; bicarbonate ion; biodegradation; bioremediation; chemical fractionation; Colorado; concentration; Garfield County Colorado; ground water; metals; migration of elements; pollution; remediation; Rifle Colorado; Rifle Integrated Field Research Challenge Project; sediments; solutes; toxic materials; United States; uranium ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Structural incorporation of uranium into iron oxides; a competitive secondary sequestration pathway mediated by Fe(II) AN - 1664438921; 2015-024839 AB - Uranium retention and sequestration pathways determine the long-term fate of this important contaminant in soils and sediments. Direct, enzymatic U reduction and subsequent precipitation of UO (sub 2) is one potential sequestration pathway, but indirect U transformations can also occur as a result of reactions with microbially-generated Fe(II). Here we explored uranium retention mechanisms active during abiotic reduction of U(VI) by aqueous Fe(II), in the presence of ferrihydrite, in Ca and carbonate-bearing solutions. Ferrihydrite transformation and U reduction were studied in batch incubations containing Ca (0 and 4 mM), carbonate (3.8 mM), ferrihydrite ( nearly equal 180 mg/L), Fe(II) (0.3 mM), and a range of concentrations of uranyl (1 to 170 mu M). Uranium retention pathways were differentiated using extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy and synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction. At U concentrations >50 mu M, U(VI) reduction to U(IV) and subsequent precipitation of UO (sub 2) was a dominant sequestration pathway. At lower U concentrations (1-10 mu M), UO (sub 2) precipitation was not observed and incorporation into goethite, the secondary transformation product of ferrihydrite, was dominant. For groundwaters having micromolar U(VI) concentrations, U incorporation into ferrihydrite transformation products via microbially-produced Fe(II) may be an important sequestration process. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Massey, M S AU - Lezama-Pacheco, J S AU - Nico, P S AU - Bargar, J R AU - Fendorf, S E AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - December 2011 SP - Abstract H24A EP - 04 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2011 KW - water quality KW - X-ray diffraction data KW - enzymes KW - iron KW - remediation KW - ground water KW - major elements KW - sediments KW - retention KW - oxides KW - trace elements KW - soils KW - concentration KW - pollution KW - bioremediation KW - powder method KW - ferrihydrite KW - geochemical cycle KW - ferrous iron KW - organic compounds KW - metals KW - uranium KW - transformations KW - proteins KW - actinides KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1664438921?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Structural+incorporation+of+uranium+into+iron+oxides%3B+a+competitive+secondary+sequestration+pathway+mediated+by+Fe%28II%29&rft.au=Massey%2C+M+S%3BLezama-Pacheco%2C+J+S%3BNico%2C+P+S%3BBargar%2C+J+R%3BFendorf%2C+S+E%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Massey&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=2011&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://abstractsearch.agu.org/meetings/2011/FM/sections/H/sessions/H24A/abstracts/H24A-04.html LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2011 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2015, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2015-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - CODEN - #07548 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - actinides; bioremediation; concentration; enzymes; ferrihydrite; ferrous iron; geochemical cycle; ground water; iron; major elements; metals; organic compounds; oxides; pollution; powder method; proteins; remediation; retention; sediments; soils; trace elements; transformations; uranium; water quality; X-ray diffraction data ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Observing the coupled behavior of geochemistry and flow path evolution during bioreduction using clinical nuclear imaging tomography AN - 1664438886; 2015-024842 AB - We present results from the first meso-scale column study of flow and bioreductive reactive transport in a porous media using Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) to obtain time-resolved flow field structure. SPECT allows us to detect the 3D distribution of a radioactive tracer and how it evolves through time as flow proceeds through a packed sediment column. The column size for the experiment is 10 cm diameter by 30 cm length, and the approximate spatial resolution is 4.4 mm (86 mm (super 3) by volume). Our experiments involve a biologically mediated reduction reaction that partially immobilizes a conservative 99mTc-DTPA tracer. The procedure results in a 3D tomographic movie of the tracer distribution and concentration during the course of the flow-through experiment. The derived data represent an unprecedentedly detailed representation of reactive flow and transport that can be modeled to deconvolve the effects of permeability and reaction rate heterogeneity in controlling the transport of the tracer. The column was packed with sediment recovered from the Rifle IFRC site in western Colorado and all physical and chemical parameters were matched to field values. The artificial groundwater influent was supplemented with 10 mM acetate for 42 consecutive days, resulting in a characteristic trend of Fe reduction followed by SO (sub 4) reduction observed during uranium bioremediation at the Rifle field site. By day 42 SO (sub 4) concentration dropped across the column from an influent value of 8.8 mM to 4 mM at the effluent, while Ca concentrations dropped from 4.8 to 3.4 mM, suggesting substantial FeS and CaCO (sub 3) precipitation. Following day 42, acetate was removed from the influent solution and a rapid return to pre-acetate conditions was observed. During the course of the experiment 9 SPECT imaging studies were conducted for the through-flowing column using 99mTc-DTPA as a conservative tracer. Images were acquired on days -11, 3, 8, 15, 23, 30, 43, 77 and 91 relative to the start of acetate addition. For each imaging study, following a 30-minute bolus injection of 99mTc-DTPA, a series of 48 images representing a 3D distribution of radioactivity concentration was acquired over a period of 24 hours. Preliminary analysis of the SPECT datasets indicates changes in flow field structure were captured through the series of imaging studies. Using iTOUGH2, first and second moments of the imaged plume are fit as a function of time to obtain permeability values for use in a CrunchFlow reactive transport model. Utilizing the newly established 99mTc-DTPA conservative tracer to track the evolution of physical structure associated with bioreduction and implementing this data into a biogeochemical transport model is anticipated to yield new insight into the coupling between biogenic contaminant remediation and flow-field evolution. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Druhan, J L AU - Vandehey, N T AU - Buchko, R AU - O'Neil, J P AU - Moses, W W AU - Finsterle, S AU - Steefel, C AU - Nico, P S AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - December 2011 SP - Abstract H24A EP - 07 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2011 KW - United States KW - tomography KW - concentration KW - imagery KW - experimental studies KW - monitoring KW - Garfield County Colorado KW - radioactivity KW - pollutants KW - pollution KW - porous materials KW - preferential flow KW - bioremediation KW - remediation KW - models KW - Rifle Colorado KW - Rifle IFRC Site KW - transport KW - tracers KW - sediments KW - reactive transport KW - Colorado KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1664438886?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Observing+the+coupled+behavior+of+geochemistry+and+flow+path+evolution+during+bioreduction+using+clinical+nuclear+imaging+tomography&rft.au=Druhan%2C+J+L%3BVandehey%2C+N+T%3BBuchko%2C+R%3BO%27Neil%2C+J+P%3BMoses%2C+W+W%3BFinsterle%2C+S%3BSteefel%2C+C%3BNico%2C+P+S%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Druhan&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=2011&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://abstractsearch.agu.org/meetings/2011/FM/sections/H/sessions/H24A/abstracts/H24A-07.html LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2011 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2015, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2015-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - CODEN - #07548 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - bioremediation; Colorado; concentration; experimental studies; Garfield County Colorado; imagery; models; monitoring; pollutants; pollution; porous materials; preferential flow; radioactivity; reactive transport; remediation; Rifle Colorado; Rifle IFRC Site; sediments; tomography; tracers; transport; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessing uncertainty in subsurface transport predictions using the ASCEM toolset AN - 1664436673; 2015-024836 AB - Transport simulation of nonreactive solutes can be used to identify potential pathways of contaminants in the vadose zone and the effectiveness of site remediation technologies. At the BC Cribs site at Hanford in southeastern Washington State, innovative remedial technologies are being explored to address recalcitrant contamination in the deep ( nearly equal 100 m) vadose zone. To identify the effectiveness of the technologies, the impacts of a "no-action" alternative must also be explored. Because only sparse information is available for the geologic conceptual model and the physical and chemical properties of the sediments, there is considerable uncertainty in subsurface transport predictions. In this contribution, the uncertainty of the technetium-99 mass flux to the water table due to parameter uncertainty and variations in the conceptual model are investigated using a newly developed toolset for performing an uncertainty quantification (UQ) analysis. This toolset is part of ASCEM (Advanced Simulation Capability for Environmental Management), a state-of-the-art scientific tool and approach for understanding and predicting contaminant fate and transport in natural and engineered systems. Using the Akuna user environment currently under development, the uncertainty in technetium-99 transport through a two-dimensional, heterogeneous vadose-zone system is quantified with Monte Carlo simulation. Results show that uncertainty in simulated mass fluxes in hydraulic properties can be significant within a single conceptual model, and that significant additional uncertainty can be introduced by conceptual model variation. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Freedman, V AU - Chen, X AU - Keating, E H AU - Higdon, D M AU - Rockhold, M L AU - Schuchardt, K L AU - Finsterle, S AU - Gorton, I AU - Freshley, M AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - December 2011 SP - Abstract H24A EP - 01 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2011 KW - United States KW - solute transport KW - advanced simulation capability for Environmental Management KW - isotopes KW - data processing KW - unsaturated zone KW - ASCEM program KW - simulation KW - remediation KW - ground water KW - radioactive isotopes KW - transport KW - technetium KW - Washington KW - Monte Carlo analysis KW - statistical analysis KW - prediction KW - pollution KW - optimization KW - Hanford Site KW - Tc-99 KW - two-dimensional models KW - aquifers KW - computer programs KW - water table KW - metals KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1664436673?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Assessing+uncertainty+in+subsurface+transport+predictions+using+the+ASCEM+toolset&rft.au=Freedman%2C+V%3BChen%2C+X%3BKeating%2C+E+H%3BHigdon%2C+D+M%3BRockhold%2C+M+L%3BSchuchardt%2C+K+L%3BFinsterle%2C+S%3BGorton%2C+I%3BFreshley%2C+M%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Freedman&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=2011&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://abstractsearch.agu.org/meetings/2011/FM/sections/H/sessions/H24A/abstracts/H24A-01.html LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2011 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2015, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2015-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-16 N1 - CODEN - #07548 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - advanced simulation capability for Environmental Management; aquifers; ASCEM program; computer programs; data processing; ground water; Hanford Site; isotopes; metals; Monte Carlo analysis; optimization; pollution; prediction; radioactive isotopes; remediation; simulation; solute transport; statistical analysis; Tc-99; technetium; transport; two-dimensional models; United States; unsaturated zone; Washington; water table ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Probing microbial activity in a perched water body located in a deep vadose zone AN - 1664436421; 2015-024841 AB - Waste releases to the vadose zone are a legacy of past activities at a number of Department of Energy (DOE) facilities. At the Idaho National Laboratory (INL), (super 90) Sr has been detected in perched water bodies underlying the Idaho Nuclear Technology and Engineering Center (INTEC) facility. Microbially induced calcite precipitation (MICP) using urea-hydrolyzing microbes is one proposed approach for immobilization of (super 90) Sr in the subsurface. The sequestration mechanism is co-precipitation in calcite, promoted by the production of carbonate alkalinity from ureolysis. In order to assess the potential efficacy of MICP at INTEC a field study was conducted at the INL Vadose Zone Research Park (VZRP). The VZRP is located approximately 3 km from INTEC and shares many of the same hydrologic and lithologic features but in a non-contaminated setting. We conducted experiments over two field seasons in a perched water body located approximately 15 meters below land surface, using a 5-spot wellfield design. During the first season amendments (molasses and urea) were injected into the central well and water was extracted from two wells on either side, located along a diagonal. Water samples were characterized for microbial abundance, ureolytic activity and ureC gene numbers, along with solution composition. Before, during and after the injections cross-borehole geophysical imaging was performed, using various combinations of the available wells. During the second field season in situ static experiments were conducted to specifically characterize attached and unattached microbial communities, using surrogate substrates colonized during a 12 week incubation. Based on the field data a first order in situ urea hydrolysis rate constant of 0.034 d (super -1) was estimated. This was more than an order of magnitude higher than rate constants estimated above-ground using water samples, suggesting that attached microorganisms were responsible for >90% of the observed urea hydrolysis activity. The geophysical monitoring data indicated that both radar and electrical resistivity techniques were able to sense the spatiotemporal distributions of the amendments. In the static incubation studies, the activity of the attached community was >1000x higher than the unattached community. Phospholipid biomass estimates for the attached community using two different matrices were 1,000x and 10,000x higher than for the unattached. Community structure changes were seen over time and between wells. Streamtube ensemble-based modelling was applied to simulate the combined well-to-well transport and reaction system processes, with several simplifying assumptions including an immobile biomass phase. The transport model was calibrated by fitting the traveltime distribution function to bromide tracer data, and provided a useful framework for simulation of the reactive transport as indicated by the arrival of urea at the withdrawal well. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Fujita, Y AU - Taylor, J L AU - Henriksen, J R AU - Delwiche, M AU - Gebrehiwet, T AU - Hubbard, S S AU - Spycher, N AU - Weathers, T S AU - Ginn, T R AU - Pfiffner, S M AU - Smith, R W AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - December 2011 SP - Abstract H24A EP - 06 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2011 KW - United States KW - Sr-90 KW - isotopes KW - halogens KW - unsaturated zone KW - hydrolysis KW - bromide ion KW - suspended materials KW - simulation KW - remediation KW - Idaho National Laboratory KW - radioactive isotopes KW - perched aquifers KW - transport KW - tracers KW - Idaho KW - alkaline earth metals KW - toxic materials KW - pollution KW - migration of elements KW - bromine KW - bioremediation KW - calcite KW - aquifers KW - models KW - precipitation KW - metals KW - traveltime KW - carbonates KW - strontium KW - microorganisms KW - 02D:Isotope geochemistry KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1664436421?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Probing+microbial+activity+in+a+perched+water+body+located+in+a+deep+vadose+zone&rft.au=Fujita%2C+Y%3BTaylor%2C+J+L%3BHenriksen%2C+J+R%3BDelwiche%2C+M%3BGebrehiwet%2C+T%3BHubbard%2C+S+S%3BSpycher%2C+N%3BWeathers%2C+T+S%3BGinn%2C+T+R%3BPfiffner%2C+S+M%3BSmith%2C+R+W%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Fujita&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=2011&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://abstractsearch.agu.org/meetings/2011/FM/sections/H/sessions/H24A/abstracts/H24A-06.html LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2011 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2015, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2015-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - CODEN - #07548 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - alkaline earth metals; aquifers; bioremediation; bromide ion; bromine; calcite; carbonates; halogens; hydrolysis; Idaho; Idaho National Laboratory; isotopes; metals; microorganisms; migration of elements; models; perched aquifers; pollution; precipitation; radioactive isotopes; remediation; simulation; Sr-90; strontium; suspended materials; toxic materials; tracers; transport; traveltime; United States; unsaturated zone ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Progress in understanding uranium(IV) speciation and dynamics in biologically reduced sediments; research at molecular to centimeter scales by the SLAC SFA program AN - 1664436391; 2015-024818 AB - The chemical and physical forms of U(IV) in reduced sediments, as well as the biogeochemical processes by which they form and transform, profoundly influence the stability of reduced U(IV) species and the behavior of uranium in biostimulated aquifers. Obtaining such information in field sediments is important because biogeochemical field conditions and their time dependence are difficult to replicate in the laboratory. The majority of contaminated aquifers in which bioremediation is of potential interest, including the Old Rifle, CO IFRC site, exhibit relatively low uranium sediment concentrations, i.e., < 10 ppm, presenting a formidable challenge to the use of spectroscopy and microscopy techniques that typically require 10-fold or higher uranium loadings. We have developed an in-situ column technique to study U(IV) species and evolving microbial communities in the Old Rifle aquifer and to correlate them with changes in trace and major ion groundwater composition during biostimulation treatments. Sediments were examined using x-ray and electron microscopy, x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), and chemical extractions. XAS analysis showed that U(IV) occurred predominantly or exclusively as monomeric U(IV) complexes coordinated to oxo (or similar N/C) neighbors, and is associated with biomass or Fe sulfides. Even in the latter case, U(IV) was not coordinated directly to S neighbors. Sediment-hosted monomeric U(IV) complexes were found to partially transform into uraninite in the aquifer over a subsequent 12 month period. This work establishes the importance of monomeric U(IV) complexes in subsurface sediments at the Old Rifle site and provides a conceptual framework in which previously observed U(IV) reduction products can be related. These experiments also establish that U(IV) species are dynamic in aquifers and can undergo non-oxidative transformation reactions. These new results have important implications for uranium reactive transport models, long-term assessment of remediation technologies, and understanding natural uranium reduction in aquifers. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Bargar, J R AU - Williams, K H AU - Campbell, K M AU - Stubbs, J E AU - Suvorova, Elena AU - Lezama-Pacheco, J S AU - Alessi, Daniel AU - Stylo, Malgorzata AU - Handley, Kim M AU - Bernier-Latmani, Rizlan AU - Cerrato, J AU - Davis, J A AU - Fox, P M AU - Giammar, D AU - Long, Philip E AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - December 2011 SP - Abstract H23I EP - 02 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2011 KW - United States KW - water quality KW - in situ KW - bioremediation KW - Old Rifle Aquifer KW - remediation KW - ground water KW - aquifers KW - metals KW - water treatment KW - sediments KW - uranium KW - Colorado KW - actinides KW - microorganisms KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1664436391?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Progress+in+understanding+uranium%28IV%29+speciation+and+dynamics+in+biologically+reduced+sediments%3B+research+at+molecular+to+centimeter+scales+by+the+SLAC+SFA+program&rft.au=Bargar%2C+J+R%3BWilliams%2C+K+H%3BCampbell%2C+K+M%3BStubbs%2C+J+E%3BSuvorova%2C+Elena%3BLezama-Pacheco%2C+J+S%3BAlessi%2C+Daniel%3BStylo%2C+Malgorzata%3BHandley%2C+Kim+M%3BBernier-Latmani%2C+Rizlan%3BCerrato%2C+J%3BDavis%2C+J+A%3BFox%2C+P+M%3BGiammar%2C+D%3BLong%2C+Philip+E%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Bargar&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=2011&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://abstractsearch.agu.org/meetings/2011/FM/sections/H/sessions/H23I/abstracts/H23I-02.html LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2011 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2015, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2015-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - CODEN - #07548 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - actinides; aquifers; bioremediation; Colorado; ground water; in situ; metals; microorganisms; Old Rifle Aquifer; remediation; sediments; United States; uranium; water quality; water treatment ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pore scale modeling of mixing-induced carbonate precipitation AN - 1664436344; 2015-024857 AB - Mixing of groundwaters of differing chemical composition can lead to precipitation of minerals, potentially modifying the transport and chemical properties of the subsurface materials. Carbonate minerals are particularly common secondary phases that form as a result of mixing, although in many instances their formation is also affected by a suite of complex dissolution and precipitation reactions that change the pH and alkalinity of groundwater. In the case of mixing, several distinct regimes are recognized, depending on the supersaturation generated by the mixing process. In the case where high degrees of supersaturation with respect to carbonate occur as a result of mixing (e.g., log Q/Keq > 1.5, where Q is the ion activity product and Keq is the equilibrium constant), homogeneous nucleation can generate reactive surface area for continued carbonate growth. In this case, no interaction between the mixing fluid and immobile solid phases is needed. In contrast, where supersaturation is more limited (log Q/Keq = 0.5 to 1.5), precipitation generally takes place via heterogeneous nucleation, in which case a templated mineral surface (normally carbonate) is required. Heterogeneous nucleation of carbonates is typically second order with respect to the supersaturation. At lower degrees of supersaturation (log Q/Keq < 0.5), precipitation takes place via crystal growth on discrete surface features of the carbonate mineral (e.g., via spiral growth) surface and shows a first order or quasi-first order dependence on supersaturation. Thus, the supersaturation induced by mixing largely controls the order of the reaction and the extent of interaction with pre-existing mineral surfaces in the subsurface. These in turn impact how the physical and chemical properties of the medium are modified by carbonate precipitation. We are investigating these carbonate precipitation regimes using pore scale reactive transport modeling based on Direct Numerical Simulation methods. Our computational approach relies on a new simulator based on operator splitting that combines a calculation of Navier-Stokes flow within discrete grain packs with the geochemical simulator CrunchFlow. Navier-Stokes flow and solute transport are handled by the Chombo software package, which implements Adaptive Mesh Refinement and embedded boundary methods for high resolution simulations. The pore scale computational results are validated by comparison with a variety of experimental studies in which carbonate precipitation results from mixing. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Steefel, C AU - Molins, S AU - Shen, C AU - Trebotich, D AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - December 2011 SP - Abstract H24F EP - 01 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2011 KW - water quality KW - data processing KW - suspended materials KW - porous materials KW - simulation KW - ground water KW - computer programs KW - CrunchFlow KW - supersaturation KW - mineral composition KW - nucleation KW - transport KW - saturation KW - precipitation KW - chemical properties KW - alkalinity KW - chemical composition KW - carbonates KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 01C:Mineralogy of non-silicates UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1664436344?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Pore+scale+modeling+of+mixing-induced+carbonate+precipitation&rft.au=Steefel%2C+C%3BMolins%2C+S%3BShen%2C+C%3BTrebotich%2C+D%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Steefel&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=2011&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://abstractsearch.agu.org/meetings/2011/FM/sections/H/sessions/H24F/abstracts/H24F-01.html LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2011 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2015, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2015-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - CODEN - #07548 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - alkalinity; carbonates; chemical composition; chemical properties; computer programs; CrunchFlow; data processing; ground water; mineral composition; nucleation; porous materials; precipitation; saturation; simulation; supersaturation; suspended materials; transport; water quality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Optimality and unsaturated flow AN - 1660633805; 2015-017902 AB - Optimality principles have been used for investigating physical processes in different areas. This work attempts to apply an optimal principle (that water flow resistance is minimized for the entire flow domain) to steady-state unsaturated flow processes. Based on the calculus of variations, we show that under optimal conditions, hydraulic conductivity for steady state, gravity-dominated unsaturated flow is proportional to a power function of the magnitude of water flux. This relationship is consistent with an intuitive expectation that for an optimal water flow system, locations where relatively large water fluxes occur should correspond to relatively small resistance (or large conductance). Consistence of this theoretical result with observed fingering-flow behavior in unsaturated soils and an existing model is also demonstrated. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Liu, H AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - December 2011 SP - Abstract H53A EP - 1383 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2011 KW - hydrology KW - steady-state processes KW - unsaturated zone KW - theoretical models KW - optimization KW - hydrodynamics KW - porous materials KW - preferential flow KW - fluid dynamics KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1660633805?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Optimality+and+unsaturated+flow&rft.au=Liu%2C+H%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Liu&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=2011&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://abstractsearch.agu.org/meetings/2011/FM/sections/H/sessions/H53A/abstracts/H53A-1383 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2011 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2015, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2015-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-05 N1 - CODEN - #07548 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - fluid dynamics; hydrodynamics; hydrology; optimization; porous materials; preferential flow; steady-state processes; theoretical models; unsaturated zone ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Time-resolved study of early-stage formation of iron oxyhydroxide nanoparticles in simulated acid mine drainage (AMD) solutions AN - 1660633718; 2015-017939 AB - Early stage development of ferric iron oxyhydroxide (FeOOH) nanoparticles from bicarbonate-neutralized Fe (sub 2) (SO (sub 4) ) (sub 3) solutions was investigated using time-resolved UV-Vis spectroscopy and quick extended X-ray absorption fine structure (Q-EXAFS) spectroscopy. Two neutralization ratio ( h =[HCO (sub 3) (super -) ]/[Fe (super 3+) ]) of 1 and 2 were used. The neutralized systems changed visually from transparent solutions after the base addition to blurry and then opaque suspensions at extended reaction time. For the h=1 solution, its absorbance measured at 600 nm (due to scattering because of no absorption bands at this wavelength) increased quickly within initial 10 min, slightly between 10 - 26 min, and explosively afterwards. These three stages have been previously ascribed to hydrolysis and initial condensation, condensation, and aggregation processes, respectively. For the h=2 solution, only the two later evolution stages were recorded. UV-Vis spectra of the h=1 solution show that three absorption bands, likely resulting from Fe (super 3+) -sulfate species, gradually disappeared with the increase of reaction time and were not visible at about 10 min. Meanwhile, an electron pair transition (EPT) band centered at 485 nm emerged and gradually grew in its amplitude, indicating particles of a FeOOH phase being formed. For h=2, the three bands were not observed, but the EPT band at 485 nm was pronounced in the first collected spectrum and also grew with time, indicating that FeOOH particles were already formed from the very beginning. In addition, in both of the h=1 and 2 solutions the bands around 370 - 400 nm shifted to higher wavelength, suggesting that FeOOH particle size increased with time. Time-resolved Q-EXAFS spectra were collected every 2 s and were averaged over 15 consecutive scans, resulting in a time resolution of 30 s. For the h=1 solution, the EXAFS radial structural functions (RSF) initially had no or very weak peaks at positions corresponding to edge- and corner-sharing Fe shells. After 10 min of reaction time, the two Fe shells became obvious. This corroborates with the UV-Vis analysis that Fe-sulfate clusters were present at the beginning and FeOOH particles emerged later. For the h=2 solution, RSF shows high amplitudes of the two Fe shells in the first EXAFS spectrum. The amplitudes significantly grew with time, consistent with increasing Fe coordination numbers obtained by EXAFS shell-by-shell fitting. The EXAFS fitting also shows that the second Fe-Fe distance decreased from 3.41 to 3.36 Aa with time while the first Fe-Fe distance was almost constant at 3.03 Aa. X-ray diffraction identified the final precipitates as schwertmannite, a FeOOH phase containing structural sulfate. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Zhu, M AU - Legg, B AU - Zhang, H AU - Waychunas, G A AU - Banfield, J F AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - December 2011 SP - Abstract H53B EP - 1424 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2011 KW - ultraviolet spectroscopy KW - biodegradation KW - neutralization KW - acid mine drainage KW - sulfates KW - oxyhydroxides KW - pollution KW - hydrolysis KW - suspended materials KW - bioavailability KW - bicarbonate ion KW - iron KW - hydroxides KW - ferric iron KW - schwertmannite KW - precipitation KW - metals KW - EXAFS data KW - oxides KW - spectroscopy KW - nanoparticles KW - chemical fractionation KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1660633718?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Time-resolved+study+of+early-stage+formation+of+iron+oxyhydroxide+nanoparticles+in+simulated+acid+mine+drainage+%28AMD%29+solutions&rft.au=Zhu%2C+M%3BLegg%2C+B%3BZhang%2C+H%3BWaychunas%2C+G+A%3BBanfield%2C+J+F%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Zhu&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=2011&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://abstractsearch.agu.org/meetings/2011/FM/sections/H/sessions/H53B/abstracts/H53B-1424.html LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2011 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2015, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2015-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-05 N1 - CODEN - #07548 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - acid mine drainage; bicarbonate ion; bioavailability; biodegradation; chemical fractionation; EXAFS data; ferric iron; hydrolysis; hydroxides; iron; metals; nanoparticles; neutralization; oxides; oxyhydroxides; pollution; precipitation; schwertmannite; spectroscopy; sulfates; suspended materials; ultraviolet spectroscopy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The acquisition and integrated inversion of a continuous active source seismic monitoring dataset; application to shallow hydrofracture evolution AN - 1660633405; 2015-017879 AB - Fast subsurface processes, which occur on the scale of seconds to minutes, present a challenging target for geophysical monitoring approaches. The initiation, propagation, and consolidation of a hydraulic fracture is one example of a process occurring on these time-scales for which a satisfactory spatio-temporal imaging approach has been difficult to develop in a field setting. Active-source seismic monitoring has the potential to dynamically characterize fracture propagation rates, spatial extent and potentially the transport properties of the newly established feature. However, even well designed timelapse seismic surveys have limited temporal resolution due to the intrinsic time required to acquire a survey. We have recently developed a technique which circumvents this limitation by using fixed semi-permanent arrays of seismic sources and receivers to allow complete active source surveys to be acquired in a matter of minutes indepedendent of human intervention; this approach, referred to as multi-level continuous active source seismic monitoring (ML-CASSM), can provide precise quantification of traveltime and attenuation changes as well as fast temporal sampling. However, the datasets generated by this acquisition approach are voluminous, consisting of 10s to 1000s of timelapse "epochs" which span the targeted event and present unique problems in the pre-processing, inversion, and integration stages if a consistent spatio-temporal model is the desired result. We present results detailing our extended analysis of the first deployment of ML-CASSM with a dense source/receiver geometries. Our system is capable of autonomously acquiring full tomographic datasets (10 sources, 72 receivers) in 3 minutes without human intervention, thus allowing active source seismic imaging of processes with short durations. The dataset in question targets the emplacement of a single hydraulic fracture for the purpose of enhanced bioremediation of DNAPL contamination. We apply a novel inversion process to the dataset which uses a temporal regularization scheme to jointly invert 30 temporal epochs spanning the course of fracture initiation, propagation, and consolidation. The fracture, visible seismically as a localized zone of decreased P-wave velocity and increased P-wave attenuation, was effectively tracked using this approach. Joint inversion or "temporal fusion" of the large sequence of datasets improved the quality of the spatio-temporal model of the evolving fracture. The depth and position of the fracture as observed by ML-CASSM was confirmed by subsequent confirmation drilling and core acquisition. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Ajo Franklin, J B AU - Daley, T M AU - Butler-Veytia, B AU - Peterson, J E AU - Gasperikova, E AU - Wu, Y AU - Kelly, B AU - Hubbard, S S AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - December 2011 SP - Abstract H52C EP - 03 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2011 KW - tomography KW - hydrology KW - hydraulic fracturing KW - P-waves KW - body waves KW - monitoring KW - geophysical methods KW - elastic waves KW - downhole methods KW - cores KW - seismic methods KW - fractures KW - attenuation KW - propagation KW - seismic waves KW - drilling KW - water resources KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 20:Applied geophysics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1660633405?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=The+acquisition+and+integrated+inversion+of+a+continuous+active+source+seismic+monitoring+dataset%3B+application+to+shallow+hydrofracture+evolution&rft.au=Ajo+Franklin%2C+J+B%3BDaley%2C+T+M%3BButler-Veytia%2C+B%3BPeterson%2C+J+E%3BGasperikova%2C+E%3BWu%2C+Y%3BKelly%2C+B%3BHubbard%2C+S+S%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Ajo+Franklin&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=2011&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://abstractsearch.agu.org/meetings/2011/FM/sections/H/sessions/H52C/abstracts/H52C-03 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2011 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2015, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2015-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-05 N1 - CODEN - #07548 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - attenuation; body waves; cores; downhole methods; drilling; elastic waves; fractures; geophysical methods; hydraulic fracturing; hydrology; monitoring; P-waves; propagation; seismic methods; seismic waves; tomography; water resources ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multiscale hydrogeophysical data assimilation for plume-scale subsurface characterization AN - 1660633402; 2015-017882 AB - Predictions of subsurface contaminant plume evolution and natural attenuation capacity often fail due to the difficulty to tractably characterize heterogeneity of flow-and-transport properties at the plume-relevant scales. This study presents a stochastic-estimation framework for assimilating multiscale datasets and characterizing a plume-scale subsurface domain. We utilize the concept of reactive facies, which is based on the hypothesis that we can identify packages of sediments that have distinct distributions of properties influencing reactive transport, such as effective surface area, mineralogy and permeability. Because geophysical attributes are often sensitive to some of those properties, this concept allows us to take advantage of both geophysical and lithological datasets, to characterize the spatial distribution of reactive transport parameters. Previous research has illustrated that crosshole geophysical methods can be used to identify and spatially distribute reactive facies at the local scale. To map the spatial distribution of reactive facies at the plume-scale, we must (1) honor the large-scale trend without smoothing out the detail structure of facies, and (2) assimilate multi-source, multiscale datasets in a consistent manner, including wellbore data and crosshole and surface geophysical data. To tackle these challenges, we have developed a hierarchical Bayesian framework, which consists of three statistical sub-models: a data model, a process model, and a prior model. The data model - developed according to the stochastic feature of measurement errors - provides the linkage between the multiple geophysical datasets and the spatially distributed geophysical attributes through linear/nonlinear forward models. The process model describes the spatial distribution of reactive facies and geophysical attributes as spatial random processes controlled by geostatistical and petrophysical parameters. We use an indicator random field with a trend function for facies and Gaussian fields for geophysical attributes within each facies. The prior model is constructed for the controlling parameters based on the information from geologically similar sites. Using the Markov-chain Monte-Carlo sampling method, we obtain the marginal posterior distribution of parameters and reactive facies fields that can be used as an input to reactive transport simulations. We apply our framework to the datasets from the uranium-contaminated Savannah River Site F-Area. They include wellbore lithology data, cone penetration test data, crosshole ground-penetrating radar and seismic data, and surface seismic data. A synthetic study with the same data acquisition setup shows that the point-scale and crosshole data provide the detailed structure of reactive facies, and reduce uncertainty significantly in their vicinity, while surface seismic data can identify the large-scale trend and map facies with increased uncertainty over a large domain. We find that our methodology effectively integrates different types of data, providing an approach for distributing critical information about properties that control flow and transport (typically obtained at the core/well scale) to the scales needed for simulating plume migration and remediation. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Wainwright, H M AU - Sassen, D S AU - Chen, J AU - Hubbard, S S AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - December 2011 SP - Abstract H52C EP - 06 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2011 KW - scale factor KW - penetration tests KW - contaminant plumes KW - Bayesian analysis KW - cone penetration tests KW - statistical analysis KW - data processing KW - characterization KW - pollution KW - hydrogeology KW - migration of elements KW - preferential flow KW - fluid dynamics KW - remediation KW - ground water KW - transport KW - stochastic processes KW - natural attenuation KW - data bases KW - permeability KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1660633402?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Multiscale+hydrogeophysical+data+assimilation+for+plume-scale+subsurface+characterization&rft.au=Wainwright%2C+H+M%3BSassen%2C+D+S%3BChen%2C+J%3BHubbard%2C+S+S%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Wainwright&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=2011&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://abstractsearch.agu.org/meetings/2011/FM/sections/H/sessions/H52C/abstracts/H52C-06 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2011 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2015, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2015-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-05 N1 - CODEN - #07548 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bayesian analysis; characterization; cone penetration tests; contaminant plumes; data bases; data processing; fluid dynamics; ground water; hydrogeology; migration of elements; natural attenuation; penetration tests; permeability; pollution; preferential flow; remediation; scale factor; statistical analysis; stochastic processes; transport ER - TY - JOUR T1 - HydroImage; a new software for hydrogeophysical and biogeophysical data integration AN - 1656037966; 2015-013994 AB - Hydrogeophysical and biogeophysical data integration have recently emerged as cost-effective and rapid techniques for improving subsurface characterization and monitoring. In a Bayesian framework for integration, borehole based data provide prior distribution and geophysical information serve as data to update the prior through likelihood functions obtained from petrophysical models between borehole and cross-well data. We present the application of a Windows-based software called HydroImage that uses this Bayesian framework for data integration and visualization. HydroImage can be used for geostatistical estimation, geophysical tomographic inversion, petrophysical model development, and Bayesian integration. We demonstrate HydroImage using three different field datasets to estimate different subsurface states or parameters. The first example combines wellbore flowmeter test data and crosshole seismic and ground penetrating radar (GPR) data to estimate hydraulic conductivity at the DOE Bacterial Transport Site in Oyster, Virginia. The second example focuses on using time-lapse radar data to estimate moisture content dynamics associated with a desiccation test performed to remediate the deep vadose zone in Hanford, Washington. The third example demonstrates the use of spectral induced polarization data to estimate the spatial and temporal distribution of geochemical parameters that are indicative of the redox state of a contaminated aquifer. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Suribhatla, R M AU - Mok, C M AU - Kaback, D AU - Chen, J AU - Hubbard, S S AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - December 2011 SP - Abstract H43D EP - 1249 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2011 KW - United States KW - tomography KW - imagery KW - spatial data KW - Bayesian analysis KW - moisture KW - ground-penetrating radar KW - data processing KW - characterization KW - ground water KW - visualization KW - transport KW - HydroImage KW - water pollution KW - flowmeters KW - dynamic properties KW - hydrology KW - Washington KW - crosshole methods KW - statistical analysis KW - geophysical methods KW - radar methods KW - pollution KW - Hanford Site KW - aquifers KW - computer programs KW - boreholes KW - data integration KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1656037966?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=HydroImage%3B+a+new+software+for+hydrogeophysical+and+biogeophysical+data+integration&rft.au=Suribhatla%2C+R+M%3BMok%2C+C+M%3BKaback%2C+D%3BChen%2C+J%3BHubbard%2C+S+S%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Suribhatla&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=2011&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://abstractsearch.agu.org/meetings/2011/FM/sections/H/sessions/H43D/abstracts/H43D-1249.html LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2011 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2015, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2015-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2015-02-19 N1 - CODEN - #07548 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifers; Bayesian analysis; boreholes; characterization; computer programs; crosshole methods; data integration; data processing; dynamic properties; flowmeters; geophysical methods; ground water; ground-penetrating radar; Hanford Site; HydroImage; hydrology; imagery; moisture; pollution; radar methods; spatial data; statistical analysis; tomography; transport; United States; visualization; Washington; water pollution ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Upscaling carbonate precipitation associated with CO2 sequestration from pore to continuuum scale AN - 1645575792; 2015-005265 AB - Subsurface sequestration of CO2 in carbonate minerals is possible if an adequate supply of cations and alkalinity for supersaturation. Supersaturation may occur as a result of dissolution of primary minerals (e.g., silicates), or as a result of mixing of groundwaters with differing chemical compositions. Precipitation can affect the rate of carbonate mineral sequestration by modifying permeability and/or reactive surface area (both primary and secondary). Thus, the process is of interest in GeoEnergy systems even where the primary objective is not to sequester carbon in mineral form. Here we present an integrated approach that combines experimental reactive flow columns in which supersaturated, carbonate-rich solutions are injected into calcite packs. Bulk rates of precipitation based on the change in chemistry over the length of the column are compared with spatially resolved determinations of carbonate precipitation using X-ray synchrotron imaging at the micron scale. These data are supplemented by well-stirred reactor experiments to evaluate the rate of precipitation in the absence of transport or "porous medium" effects. Results indicate good agreement between rates determined with fluid chemistry and with microtomography. Using the rates of precipitation determined in the well-stirred flowthrough reactors, it is possible to match the spatially-resolved microtomographic and aqueous data with a continuum model if the generation of new reactive surface area is accounted for. The experimentally-determined value of 0.90 m2/g for the specific surface area of the neoformed calcite results in reasonable agreement with the continuum model. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Steefel, C AU - Yang, L AU - Noiriel, Catherine N AU - Ajo-Franklin, Jonathan B AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - December 2011 SP - Abstract H53L EP - 03 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2011 KW - tomography KW - carbon sequestration KW - fluid flow KW - suspended materials KW - porous materials KW - aqueous solutions KW - ground water KW - carbon dioxide KW - calcite KW - aquifers KW - models KW - reactivity KW - saturation KW - precipitation KW - alkalinity KW - chemical composition KW - carbonates KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1645575792?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Upscaling+carbonate+precipitation+associated+with+CO2+sequestration+from+pore+to+continuuum+scale&rft.au=Steefel%2C+C%3BYang%2C+L%3BNoiriel%2C+Catherine+N%3BAjo-Franklin%2C+Jonathan+B%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Steefel&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=2011&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://abstractsearch.agu.org/meetings/2011/FM/sections/H/sessions/H53L/abstracts/H53L-03.html LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2011 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2015, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2015-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2015-01-15 N1 - CODEN - #07548 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - alkalinity; aqueous solutions; aquifers; calcite; carbon dioxide; carbon sequestration; carbonates; chemical composition; fluid flow; ground water; models; porous materials; precipitation; reactivity; saturation; suspended materials; tomography ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Geomechanical modeling and monitoring of fault responses and the potential for earthquakes during underground CO2 injection AN - 1645575594; 2015-005270 AB - The importance of geomechanical processes and modeling associated with large-scale CO2 injection operations can hardly be overemphasized. In particular, recent concerns about the potential for injection-induced fault reactivation and earthquakes are key technical issues that need to be addressed. Under these circumstances, coupled fluid flow and geomechanical modeling is an important tool in site specific risk analysis and for designing injection operations in terms of sustainable injection rates. It appears that future commercial scale CO2 storage operations may cause considerable pore pressure perturbation over distances of tens of km. In this context, recent model simulations of injection-induced fault reactivation and potential earthquake magnitudes will be presented. These model simulations show what it takes to create a magnitude 3 or 4 earthquake that would not result in any significant surface damage, but would certainly raise concerns in the local community and could also affect the containment of the stored CO2. Observations from ongoing CO2 storage projects will also be discussed, in particular the In Salah project, with regard to injection induced fault responses and seismicity. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Rutqvist, J AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - December 2011 SP - Abstract H53M EP - 01 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2011 KW - hydrology KW - monitoring KW - injection KW - mechanical properties KW - simulation KW - carbon dioxide KW - models KW - Salah Project KW - mitigation KW - seismicity KW - seismic risk KW - risk assessment KW - reservoir properties KW - greenhouse gases KW - underground disposal KW - faults KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1645575594?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Geomechanical+modeling+and+monitoring+of+fault+responses+and+the+potential+for+earthquakes+during+underground+CO2+injection&rft.au=Rutqvist%2C+J%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Rutqvist&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=2011&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://abstractsearch.agu.org/meetings/2011/FM/sections/H/sessions/H53M/abstracts/H53M-01.html LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2011 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2015, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2015-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2015-01-15 N1 - CODEN - #07548 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - carbon dioxide; faults; greenhouse gases; hydrology; injection; mechanical properties; mitigation; models; monitoring; reservoir properties; risk assessment; Salah Project; seismic risk; seismicity; simulation; underground disposal ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Amanzi and Akuna; two new community codes for subsurface contaminant flow and transport AN - 1645575589; 2015-005267 AB - The Advanced Simulation Capability for Environmental Management (ASCEM) program is developing a modular and extensible open-source set of tools for understanding the fate and transport of contaminants in natural and engineered systems. These tools not only support a fundamental shift toward standardized assessments of performance and risk for the Department of Energy Office of Environmental Management (DOE-EM) cleanup and closure decisions, but establish a modern high-quality code base for a growing interdisciplinary community. Specifically, ASCEM is leveraging advances and expertise from applied mathematics, computer and computational sciences, and the geosciences, in this new development. A toolset named Akuna will provide capabilities for data management, visualization, conceptual model development, uncertainty quantification, parameter estimation, risk analysis, and decision support. Akuna will integrate with Amanzi, a flexible high performance computing simulator, which is designed to leverage the growing parallelism in modern systems. This talk will describe the approach that we have taken to develop this new open-source capability, including issues of intellectual property, licensing, the developers tool chain, and the users tool chain. The modular and extensible design will be discussed, highlighting the potential for collaboration and inclusion of recent modeling and algorithmic advances. In addition, it will discuss the advantages and challenges of relying on an open-source model that leverages a wide variety of open-source efforts from other programs. Results from early prototype development will be presented to highlight the potential of these new tools to contaminated subsurface environments, including calculations for variably saturated flow, advection of non-reactive species and the reactive-transport of 17 different chemical species on both structured and unstructured meshes. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Dixon, P R AU - Moulton, J D AU - Gorton, I AU - Meza, J AU - Freshley, M AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - December 2011 SP - Abstract H53L EP - 05 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2011 KW - hydrology KW - advanced simulation capability for Environmental Management KW - data processing KW - pollution KW - mathematical models KW - ASCEM program KW - simulation KW - remediation KW - models KW - environmental management KW - computer programs KW - visualization KW - transport KW - quantitative analysis KW - theoretical models KW - reactive transport KW - risk assessment KW - Akuna KW - Amanzi KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1645575589?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Amanzi+and+Akuna%3B+two+new+community+codes+for+subsurface+contaminant+flow+and+transport&rft.au=Dixon%2C+P+R%3BMoulton%2C+J+D%3BGorton%2C+I%3BMeza%2C+J%3BFreshley%2C+M%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Dixon&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=2011&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://abstractsearch.agu.org/meetings/2011/FM/sections/H/sessions/H53L/abstracts/H53L-05.html LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2011 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2015, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2015-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-16 N1 - CODEN - #07548 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - advanced simulation capability for Environmental Management; Akuna; Amanzi; ASCEM program; computer programs; data processing; environmental management; hydrology; mathematical models; models; pollution; quantitative analysis; reactive transport; remediation; risk assessment; simulation; theoretical models; transport; visualization ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mass balances and uncertainty in radionuclide transport at the SRS F-area seepage basins groundwater plume AN - 1645574979; 2015-005236 AB - The ability to accurately model and predict flow and reactive transport behavior in soil and groundwater at a radioactively contaminated site is typically constrained by data availability. Techniques for managing, analyzing, and assessing the data are needed. There is a wealth of data and experience to be leveraged from the study of existing DOE sites such as the Savannah River Site (SRS). A new data management system is being developed as part of the Advanced Simulation Capability for Environmental Management (ASCEM) program to allow faster access to data and a more unified framework to address the challenges of site selection and environmental management. The monitoring network of 274 wells surrounding the F-area recorded 350000 data points over a period of almost 60 years. This data management system was developed for data mining, visualization and exploration and was used for F-area groundwater plume mass balance calculations. Process operations at the F-area led to the discharge of more than 12X10 (super 6) m (super 3) of low-level liquid radioactive waste solutions containing tritium, uranium and fission products into the seepage basins. Between 1953 and 1989, 14 10 (super 4) Ci (corrected for evaporation and decay to 1989) of tritium was released into the basins according to operational data. Starting in the 1950s, SRS monitored radioactivity in Fourmile Branch (FMB) located downgradient of the basins. Through 1989 a total of 5 10 (super 4) Ci (decay-corrected to 1989) was detected in FMB, leaving an estimated inventory of 9 10 (super 4) Ci in the subsurface as of 1989. The sources of uncertainty in the mass balance calculations are discussed and compared with the tritium inventory determined from groundwater monitoring data prior to remediation. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Wiedmer, A AU - Hunt, J R AU - Faybishenko, B AU - Agarwal, D AU - Flach, G P AU - Whiteside, T AU - Bennet, P AU - Bagwell, L AU - Romosan, A AU - Hubbard, S S AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - December 2011 SP - Abstract H53I EP - 1522 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2011 KW - United States KW - contaminant plumes KW - South Carolina KW - prediction KW - pollution KW - migration of elements KW - preferential flow KW - simulation KW - seepage KW - remediation KW - ground water KW - radioactive fallout KW - transport KW - mass balance KW - reactive transport KW - nuclear facilities KW - water wells KW - Savannah River Site KW - uncertainty KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1645574979?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Mass+balances+and+uncertainty+in+radionuclide+transport+at+the+SRS+F-area+seepage+basins+groundwater+plume&rft.au=Wiedmer%2C+A%3BHunt%2C+J+R%3BFaybishenko%2C+B%3BAgarwal%2C+D%3BFlach%2C+G+P%3BWhiteside%2C+T%3BBennet%2C+P%3BBagwell%2C+L%3BRomosan%2C+A%3BHubbard%2C+S+S%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Wiedmer&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=2011&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://abstractsearch.agu.org/meetings/2011/FM/sections/H/sessions/H53I/abstracts/H53I-1522 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2011 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2015, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2015-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2015-01-15 N1 - CODEN - #07548 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - contaminant plumes; ground water; mass balance; migration of elements; nuclear facilities; pollution; prediction; preferential flow; radioactive fallout; reactive transport; remediation; Savannah River Site; seepage; simulation; South Carolina; transport; uncertainty; United States; water wells ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reactive transport modeling of CO (sub 2) mineral sequestration in basaltic rocks AN - 1637536776; 2014-103367 AB - CO (sub 2) mineral sequestration in basalt may provide a long lasting, thermodynamically stable, and environmentally benign solution to reduce greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Multi-dimensional, field scale, reactive transport models of this process have been developed with a focus on the CarbFix pilot CO (sub 2) injection in Iceland. An extensive natural analog literature review was conducted in order to identify the primary and secondary minerals associated with water-basalt interaction at low and elevated CO (sub 2) conditions. Based on these findings, an internally consistent thermodynamic database describing the mineral reactions of interest was developed and validated. Hydrological properties of field scale mass transport models were properly defined by calibration to field data using iTOUGH2. Reactive chemistry was coupled to the models and TOUGHREACT used for running predictive simulations carried out with the objective of optimizing long-term management of injection sites, to quantify the amount of CO2 that can be mineralized, and to identify secondary minerals that compete with carbonates for cations leached from the primary rock. Calibration of field data from the CarbFix reservoir resulted in a horizontal permeability for lava flows of 300 mD and a vertical permeability of 1700 mD. Active matrix porosity was estimated to be 8.5%. The CarbFix numerical models were a valuable engineering tool for designing optimal injection and production schemes aimed at increasing groundwater flow. Reactive transport simulations confirm dissolution of primary basaltic minerals as well as carbonate formation, and thus indicate in situ CO (sub 2) mineral sequestration in basalts to be a viable option. Furthermore, the simulations imply that clay minerals are most likely to compete with magnesite-siderite solid solutions for Mg and Fe leached from primary minerals, whereas zeolites compete with calcite for dissolved Ca. In the case of the CarbFix pilot injection, which involves a continuous injection of 1,100 tons CO (sub 2) in total for 6 months, the basalt hosted reservoir was estimated to have a 100% sequestering efficiency after 10 years. In the case of an upscaled 10 year long injection of 40,000 tons per year, sequestering efficiency of the same reservoir was estimated to be about 10% after 100 years. However, sequestering efficiency in the latter case has every potential of increasing substantially with time due to the vast amount of primary basaltic minerals in the reservoir. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Aradottir, E S AU - Sonnenthal, E L AU - Bjornsson, G AU - Jonsson, H AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - December 2011 SP - Abstract H33B EP - 1297 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2011 KW - hydrology KW - carbon sequestration KW - volcanic rocks KW - igneous rocks KW - climate change KW - carbon dioxide KW - models KW - gas injection KW - transport KW - natural analogs KW - basalts KW - reactive transport KW - reservoir properties KW - greenhouse gases KW - thermodynamic properties KW - geochemistry KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1637536776?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Reactive+transport+modeling+of+CO+%28sub+2%29+mineral+sequestration+in+basaltic+rocks&rft.au=Aradottir%2C+E+S%3BSonnenthal%2C+E+L%3BBjornsson%2C+G%3BJonsson%2C+H%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Aradottir&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=2011&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2011 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2014, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2014-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2014-12-18 N1 - CODEN - #07548 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - basalts; carbon dioxide; carbon sequestration; climate change; gas injection; geochemistry; greenhouse gases; hydrology; igneous rocks; models; natural analogs; reactive transport; reservoir properties; thermodynamic properties; transport; volcanic rocks ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Max magnitude of induced seismic events within CCS projects, related to the permeability of faults AN - 1637536683; 2014-103377 AB - The evaluation of the potential for induced seismicity and its effects on the surface is critical for public acceptance of geologic carbon sequestration. According to the Coulomb criterion, tau = C + mu (sigma n - p), seismic events can be induced by reactivation of existing faults due to enhancement in pore pressure (p) when the left-hand term (shear stress) of the equation is equal to or greater than the right-hand side (shear strength). However, large uncertainties exist in the values of in situ stress (sigma n) and fault properties; plus, faults may be below the detection limit and not identified prior to the start of a CO2 injection. In this study we discuss methods for bounding the earthquake magnitudes that could be induced during CO2 injection, focusing the attention on buried, undetectable faults (D < 10 m). We evaluate the maximum magnitude of a seismic event potentially due to a fault with these characteristics, theoretically, using empirical magnitude-versus-size formulas and allowing the whole fault plane to slip, and with the aid of a coupled multiphase fluid flow and geo-mechanical numerical model, for investigating the degree of conservatisms in the empirical approach. Faults can also act as preferential leaking paths, for brine and CO (sub 2) , in a CCS reservoir. Permeability of fault planes during and after slip is a parameter that needs to be estimated in order to run computer-based simulations on the hydro-mechanical response of geological features to a pressure buildup due to a fluid injection. This parameter is variable and it can range between values orders of magnitude higher than the seal rocks, and comparable with this last. Both cases are present in nature: if on the one hand fluid flow through fractures and fault planes is the main path for water in intrusive rocks, on the other hand, over-pressurized porous reservoirs are easily found in sedimentary basins, bounded by growth-faults (Ref, ref). These last are known to be mechanically active, presenting the highest values of displacement rates (displacement divided by time, averaged over hundreds/thousands of years), keeping hydrocarbons in place though. During CO2 injection, only part of the fault plane that is intersecting the injection zone and the adjacent hydraulic bounding formation will be pressurized by the injection. Results from previous numerical analysis show that, even if the fault plane is initially near critically stressed for shear reactivation, only a fraction of the surface is reactivated, around the pressure buildup. Thus, the maximum earthquake magnitude is limited by the size of the pressurized fault area. We studied the variation of the hydro-mechanical response of the system against time, after beginning of injection, varying the permeability of the fault plane and the thickness of the storage reservoir (pressurized fraction of the fault plane). JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Mazzoldi, A AU - Rinaldi, A P AU - Rutqvist, J AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - December 2011 SP - Abstract H33B EP - 1307 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2011 KW - carbon sequestration KW - magnitude KW - fluid flow KW - slip rates KW - displacements KW - reactivation KW - seepage KW - rock mechanics KW - carbon dioxide KW - gas injection KW - fault planes KW - seismicity KW - multiphase flow KW - induced earthquakes KW - earthquakes KW - permeability KW - faults KW - 19:Seismology KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1637536683?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Max+magnitude+of+induced+seismic+events+within+CCS+projects%2C+related+to+the+permeability+of+faults&rft.au=Mazzoldi%2C+A%3BRinaldi%2C+A+P%3BRutqvist%2C+J%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Mazzoldi&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=2011&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2011 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2014, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2014-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2014-12-18 N1 - CODEN - #07548 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - carbon dioxide; carbon sequestration; displacements; earthquakes; fault planes; faults; fluid flow; gas injection; induced earthquakes; magnitude; multiphase flow; permeability; reactivation; rock mechanics; seepage; seismicity; slip rates ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of reservoir anisotropy on carbon dioxide dissolution-induced density-driven convection AN - 1637536376; 2014-103436 AB - Sequestering carbon dioxide by injecting it into non-potable aquifers overlain by suitable cap rock is being widely considered and field tested to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere. Being less dense than local brine, supercritical carbon dioxide introduced into the aquifer will tend to spread beneath the cap rock. Numerical and experimental investigations have shown that beneath the buoyant carbon dioxide layer, carbon dioxide dissolution into the brine will increase the density of the brine, resulting in an unstable condition in which denser brine overlies less dense brine. This instability can lead to dissolution-induced density-driven convection of the carbon dioxide laden brine, enhancing dissolution and the permanence of the sequestration. We have performed a series of visualization and quantitative laboratory experiments with homogeneous, heterogeneous, and anisotropic media to examine this process. Our visualization experiments have shown dense finger formation and flow into the underlying brine. These experiments have led us to quantitative measurements of density-driven convection from carbon dioxide dissolution under a variety of conditions. These conditions include high and low permeability porous media, layered media, and fluids including pure water and various brines. Density-driven convection was quantified by measuring the carbon dioxide uptake rate for the systems, and comparing it to the predicted diffusive uptake rate. Uptake rates exceeding the diffusive uptake rate are indicative of convection. Our results show the effects of density-driven convection were smaller for lower permeability and higher salinity conditions, whereas strong convection occurred for pure water in a highly permeable medium. Quantitative tests investigating the effect of anisotropy were based on visualization test results and layered systems were used in the experiments. Detailed experimental results and interpretation of these tests will also be discussed. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Kneafsey, T J AU - Pruess, K AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - December 2011 SP - Abstract H51G EP - 1274 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2011 KW - toxic materials KW - experimental studies KW - carbon sequestration KW - numerical models KW - injection KW - solutes KW - pollution KW - porous materials KW - salinity KW - layered materials KW - ground water KW - carbon dioxide KW - aquifers KW - visualization KW - brines KW - cap rocks KW - testing KW - reservoir properties KW - greenhouse gases KW - saline composition KW - permeability KW - anisotropy KW - diffusivity KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1637536376?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Effect+of+reservoir+anisotropy+on+carbon+dioxide+dissolution-induced+density-driven+convection&rft.au=Kneafsey%2C+T+J%3BPruess%2C+K%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Kneafsey&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=2011&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://abstractsearch.agu.org/meetings/2011/FM/sections/H/sessions/H51G/abstracts/H51G-1274.html LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2011 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2014, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2014-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2014-12-18 N1 - CODEN - #07548 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - anisotropy; aquifers; brines; cap rocks; carbon dioxide; carbon sequestration; diffusivity; experimental studies; greenhouse gases; ground water; injection; layered materials; numerical models; permeability; pollution; porous materials; reservoir properties; saline composition; salinity; solutes; testing; toxic materials; visualization ER - TY - JOUR T1 - From Nm-scale measurements of mineral dissolution rate to overall dissolution rate laws; a case study based on diopside AN - 1637536349; 2014-103424 AB - While we expect conventional reactive transport simulations to provide reliable estimations of the evolution of fluid-rock interactions over time scales of centuries and even more, recent experimental studies showed that they could hardly be satisfactorily used on simplified systems (e.g. batch carbonation experiments on single minerals), on time scales of weeks [1]. Among the reasons for such inconsistencies is the nature of the rate laws used in the geochemical codes, which heavily relies on our description of the fundamental mechanisms involved during water(-CO2)-mineral reactions. Silicate dissolution constitutes a key step of GCS processes. Whereas the dissolution rate of silicate minerals has been extensively studied at far-from-equilibrium conditions, extrapolating such rates over a broad range of solution composition relevant for GCS has proven challenging. Regarding diopside, recent studies [2, 3] suggested that below 125 degrees C, an unexpected drop of the rate occurred for Gibbs free energies of reaction (Delta Gr) as low as -76 kJ.mol-1, with severe consequences on our ability to predict the rate of complex processes such as carbonation reactions [3]. The mechanism responsible for such a drop remains unclear and therefore needs to be deciphered. An examination of our previous data [3] led us to envisage that two different, non-exclusive aspects were worth investigating: (i) the possible passivating ability of interfacial, nm-thick Si-rich layers developed on weathered silicate surface, and (ii) the stop of etch pits formation on crystal surface, each mechanism being found to be responsible for drops of olivine [1] and albite [4] dissolution rates, respectively. Our ongoing experiments aim at better constraining these two mechanisms, and determining in turn whether one of them could explain the above-mentioned drop of diopside dissolution rate. Classical flow-through experiments with controlled SiO2(aq) concentrations are combined with both ex situ AFM and VSI measurements and in situ monitoring of the topography of the dissolving surface of diopside in a hydrothermal AFM flow-cell (e.g. [5]). By investigating the dissolution of several cleavages, we will show how these latter techniques represent a powerful tool for studying the anisotropy of diopside dissolution, and determining which face ultimately controls its dissolution rate. An attempt to link these observations to macroscopic determination of diopside dissolution rates as a function of fluid composition will be discussed. [1] Daval et al. (2011) Chem. Geol., 284, 193-209. [2] Dixit & Carroll (2007) Geochem. T, 8, 1-14. [3] Daval et al. (2010) Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 74, 2615-2633. [4] Arvidson & Luttge (2010) Chem. Geol., 269, 79-88. [5] Saldi et al. (2009) Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 73, 5646-5657. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Daval, D AU - Saldi, G AU - Hellmann, R AU - Knauss, K AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - December 2011 SP - Abstract H51G EP - 1262 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2011 KW - silicates KW - concentration KW - alteration KW - solutions KW - solutes KW - mechanism KW - rates KW - weathering KW - hydrothermal conditions KW - pyroxene group KW - clinopyroxene KW - diopside KW - crystal chemistry KW - anisotropy KW - chain silicates KW - 01B:Mineralogy of silicates UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1637536349?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=From+Nm-scale+measurements+of+mineral+dissolution+rate+to+overall+dissolution+rate+laws%3B+a+case+study+based+on+diopside&rft.au=Daval%2C+D%3BSaldi%2C+G%3BHellmann%2C+R%3BKnauss%2C+K%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Daval&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=2011&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://abstractsearch.agu.org/meetings/2011/FM/sections/H/sessions/H51G/abstracts/H51G-1262.html LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2011 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2014, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2014-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 5 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2014-12-18 N1 - CODEN - #07548 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - alteration; anisotropy; chain silicates; clinopyroxene; concentration; crystal chemistry; diopside; hydrothermal conditions; mechanism; pyroxene group; rates; silicates; solutes; solutions; weathering ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Numerical study of artificial seal formation to remedy leakage from geological CO2 storage reservoirs AN - 1637535200; 2014-103451 AB - In the Carbon dioxide Capture and Storage (CCS), the CO2 is captured from emission source and stored into geological reservoirs at a depth below 800 m. The injected CO2 is less dense than water, and as a result, it tends to migrate upward. For trapping to inhibit the upward migration of CO2, the reservoirs should be covered with a sufficiently impermeable seal, i.e. caprock. However, the caprock may contain imperfections such as faults and fractures which will play a role of a high permeability path to arise leakage of the injected CO2 from the reservoirs. Pressurization with the injected CO2 can create fissures that may transmit CO2 through the caprock (Zoback and Zinke, 2002). Preparing for such risk of CO2 leakage through pre-existing and/or induced fractures, the International Energy Agency (IEA) has pointed out the importance of establishing a ready-to-use strategy for remediation of leakage from CO2 storage reservoirs (IEA, 2007). As one possibility to realize the strategy, we have proposed a concept to use an aqueous solution (Ito et al., 2006). The solution will have a sufficiently-low viscosity for passing through even small aperture, and it will not impact formation permeability as long as the solution is left as it is. When the solution encounters dissolved CO2, precipitation will occur due to chemical reaction. As a result, the permeability will be reduced by filling the pores and fractures in the rocks with the precipitates. In the present study, we demonstrated first this idea through laboratory experiments simulating subsurface condition at 1000 m deep, i.e. 10 MPa and 40 deg. C, and using a silicate solution reacting with CO2. In this case, the solution - CO2 reaction will produce precipitates of amorphous silica. The results of laboratory experiments show that the present method led to a 99 % permeability reduction in a glass-bead artificial rock even its initially-high permeability of few darcy. Such reduction of permeability was reproduced successfully by the non-isothermal reactive geochemical transport program TOUGHREACT (Xu and Pruess, 2001; Xu et al., 2006). Based upon these success, the present method was applied by numerical modelling to a 2-D caprock-aquifer system under field physical and chemical conditions. Then we considered typical two cases to remedy CO2 leakage from a reservoir, in which the silica solution are injected after and before the occurrence of CO2 leakage respectively. For both the cases, the silica precipitates were produced and they filled up pores around outlet of the leakage path so sufficiently that the CO2 migration was blocked, and the condition was confirmed stable over a long time. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Ito, T AU - Tanaka, H AU - Xu, T AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - December 2011 SP - Abstract H51G EP - 1289 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2011 KW - water quality KW - carbon sequestration KW - reservoirs KW - numerical models KW - underground storage KW - aqueous solutions KW - remediation KW - ground water KW - carbon dioxide KW - aquifers KW - chemical reactions KW - transport KW - underground installations KW - cap rocks KW - reactive transport KW - TOUGHREACT KW - permeability KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1637535200?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Numerical+study+of+artificial+seal+formation+to+remedy+leakage+from+geological+CO2+storage+reservoirs&rft.au=Ito%2C+T%3BTanaka%2C+H%3BXu%2C+T%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Ito&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=2011&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://abstractsearch.agu.org/meetings/2011/FM/sections/H/sessions/H51G/abstracts/H51G-1289.html LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2011 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2014, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2014-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2014-12-18 N1 - CODEN - #07548 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aqueous solutions; aquifers; cap rocks; carbon dioxide; carbon sequestration; chemical reactions; ground water; numerical models; permeability; reactive transport; remediation; reservoirs; TOUGHREACT; transport; underground installations; underground storage; water quality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modeling of transient evolution of uplift and subsidence during CO (sub 2) storage operation at In Salah, Algeria AN - 1637534909; 2014-103376 AB - The Krechba gas field, at In Salah Algeria is currently utilized for a large CO (sub 2) storage demonstration project. In the last 6 years, 0.5 to 1.0 million tons of CO (sub 2) per year have been injected, through a horizontal well, into a 20 m thick storage formation with a relatively low permeability. The injected mass of carbon dioxide at one of the injection wells (KB-502) produces a measurable ground displacement of about 5 mm/yr. A double-lobe uplift pattern has been observed at KB-502 through satellite based measurements, and both semi-analytical inverse deformation analysis (Vasco et al., 2010) and coupled numerical modeling of fluid flow and geomechanics (Rutqvist et al., 2011) have shown that this pattern of displacement can be explained by injection-induced deformation in a deep vertical fracture zone of fault (few hundred meters up to a depth below 1600 m) intersecting the well of injection. The presence of such a fault has been also confirmed by recent 3D seismic survey (Gibson-Poole et al., 2010). Here we present modeling results of forward analysis using the coupled fluid flow and geomechanical simulator TOUGH-FLAC (Rutqvist et al. 2002). Starting from the results obtained by Rutqvist et al. (2011), here we implement a new, finer meshgrid within a larger domain (20 by 20 km, centered at the horizontal well) to account for a detailed analysis of deformation in the fault region and of the double-lobe uplift. Earlier model describes the deformation at In Salah using an overall average rate of injection. Here we studied the transient evolution of uplift and subsidence using the observed injection rate. Evolution has been analyzed for both the case of fracturing and opening at the fault with the aim of explaining any field observations. Effects of irreversible permeability increase during the re-injection have been also studied. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Rinaldi, A P AU - Rutqvist, J AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - December 2011 SP - Abstract H33B EP - 1306 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2011 KW - carbon sequestration KW - numerical models KW - North Africa KW - uplifts KW - fluid flow KW - subsidence KW - In Salah Algeria KW - displacements KW - deformation KW - oil and gas fields KW - rock mechanics KW - carbon dioxide KW - gas injection KW - Krechba Field KW - transient phenomena KW - Africa KW - Algeria KW - permeability KW - faults KW - 30:Engineering geology KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1637534909?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Modeling+of+transient+evolution+of+uplift+and+subsidence+during+CO+%28sub+2%29+storage+operation+at+In+Salah%2C+Algeria&rft.au=Rinaldi%2C+A+P%3BRutqvist%2C+J%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Rinaldi&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=2011&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2011 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2014, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2014-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2014-12-18 N1 - CODEN - #07548 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Africa; Algeria; carbon dioxide; carbon sequestration; deformation; displacements; faults; fluid flow; gas injection; In Salah Algeria; Krechba Field; North Africa; numerical models; oil and gas fields; permeability; rock mechanics; subsidence; transient phenomena; uplifts ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Experimental methods for the simulation of supercritical CO (sub 2) injection at laboratory scale aimed to investigate capillary trapping AN - 1637533220; 2014-103442 AB - Geological storage of carbon dioxide in deep geologic formations is being considered as a technical option to reduce greenhouse gas loading to the atmosphere. The processes associated with the movement and stable trapping are complex in deep naturally heterogeneous formations. Three primary mechanisms contribute to trapping; capillary entrapment due to immobilization of the supercritical fluid CO (sub 2) within soil pores, liquid CO (sub 2) dissolving in the formation water and mineralization. Natural heterogeneity in the formation is expected to affect all three mechanisms. A research project is in progress with the primary goal to improve our understanding of capillary and dissolution trapping during injection and post-injection process, focusing on formation heterogeneity. It is expected that this improved knowledge will help to develop site characterization methods targeting on obtaining the most critical parameters that capture the heterogeneity to design strategies and schemes to maximize trapping. This research combines experiments at the laboratory scale with multiphase modeling to upscale relevant trapping processes to the field scale. This paper presents the results from a set of experiments that were conducted in an intermediate scale test tanks. Intermediate scale testing provides an attractive alternative to investigate these processes under controlled conditions in the laboratory. Conducting these types of experiments is highly challenging as methods have to be developed to extrapolate the data from experiments that are conducted under ambient laboratory conditions to high temperatures and pressures settings in deep geologic formations. We explored the use of a combination of surrogate fluids that have similar density, viscosity contrasts and analogous solubility and interfacial tension as supercritical CO (sub 2) -brine in deep formations. The extrapolation approach involves the use of dimensionless numbers such as Capillary number (Ca) and the Bond number (Bo). A set of experiments that captures some of the complexities of the geologic heterogeneity and injection scenarios are planned in a 4.8 m long tank. To test the experimental methods and instrumentation, a set of preliminary experiments were conducted in a smaller tank with dimensions 90 cm x 60 cm. The tank was packed to represent both homogeneous and heterogeneous conditions. Using the surrogate fluids, different injection scenarios were tested. Images of the migration plume showed the critical role that heterogeneity plays in stable entrapment. Destructive sampling done at the end of the experiments provided data on the final saturation distributions. Preliminary analysis suggests the entrapment configuration is controlled by the large-scale heterogeneities as well as the pore-scale entrapment mechanisms. The data was used in modeling analysis that is presented in a companion abstract. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Trevisan, L AU - Illangasekare, T H AU - Rodriguez, D AU - Sakaki, T AU - Cihan, A AU - Birkholzer, J T AU - Zhou, Q AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - December 2011 SP - Abstract H51G EP - 1280 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2011 KW - toxic materials KW - experimental studies KW - deep aquifers KW - contaminant plumes KW - injection KW - solutes KW - pollution KW - porous materials KW - capillarity KW - migration of elements KW - simulation KW - reservoir rocks KW - carbon dioxide KW - aquifers KW - models KW - laboratory studies KW - brines KW - traps KW - greenhouse gases KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1637533220?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Experimental+methods+for+the+simulation+of+supercritical+CO+%28sub+2%29+injection+at+laboratory+scale+aimed+to+investigate+capillary+trapping&rft.au=Trevisan%2C+L%3BIllangasekare%2C+T+H%3BRodriguez%2C+D%3BSakaki%2C+T%3BCihan%2C+A%3BBirkholzer%2C+J+T%3BZhou%2C+Q%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Trevisan&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=2011&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://abstractsearch.agu.org/meetings/2011/FM/sections/H/sessions/H51G/abstracts/H51G-1280.html LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2011 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2014, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2014-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2014-12-18 N1 - CODEN - #07548 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifers; brines; capillarity; carbon dioxide; contaminant plumes; deep aquifers; experimental studies; greenhouse gases; injection; laboratory studies; migration of elements; models; pollution; porous materials; reservoir rocks; simulation; solutes; toxic materials; traps ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Transport of tracers in fractured geothermal reservoirs including fluid-rock interactions AN - 1637533162; 2014-103350 AB - To provide a sustainable heat extraction rate, an enhanced geothermal system (EGS) requires adequate circulation of the working fluid through a heat exchanger, which is comprised of a network of open fractures. The permeability of the fracture network constrains the fluid flux, and the surface area of the matrix rocks in contact with the fluid constrains the power or efficiency of the heat exchanger. Consequently, these parameters (surface area and permeability) are crucial for determining the capacity and longevity of EGS systems. One promising approach to estimate these properties is to analyze natural and/or artificial tracer data that are subject to fracture-matrix interactions including matrix diffusion and chemical reactions of the tracer with the solid phase of the rock matrix. Analytical solutions for tracer transport are commonly used to analyze tracer test data. However, fluid-rock interactions (e.g., precipitation and dissolution reactions) can impact the tracer behavior, and analytical solutions for tracer transport associated with precipitation-dissolution reactions are limited in the literature. This study develops semi-analytical solutions for tracer transport in both a single-fracture and a multiple-fracture system associated with precipitation-dissolution reactions under transient transport conditions. For verification, the semi-analytical solutions are compared with numerical simulation results. Several examples show that results are sensitive to fracture spacing, fracture surface area, and bulk reaction rate, indicating that the relevant flow and transport parameters can be inferred by analyzing tracer signals. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Mukhopadhyay, S AU - Liu, H AU - Spycher, N AU - Kennedy, B M AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - December 2011 SP - Abstract H32D EP - 05 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2011 KW - solute transport KW - fractured materials KW - numerical models KW - fluid flow KW - hydrochemistry KW - geothermal energy KW - fractures KW - geothermal reservoirs KW - chemical reactions KW - water-rock interaction KW - transport KW - circulation KW - tracers KW - geochemistry KW - permeability KW - 29A:Economic geology, geology of energy sources KW - 02A:General geochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1637533162?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Transport+of+tracers+in+fractured+geothermal+reservoirs+including+fluid-rock+interactions&rft.au=Mukhopadhyay%2C+S%3BLiu%2C+H%3BSpycher%2C+N%3BKennedy%2C+B+M%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Mukhopadhyay&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=2011&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2011 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2014, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2014-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2014-12-18 N1 - CODEN - #07548 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - chemical reactions; circulation; fluid flow; fractured materials; fractures; geochemistry; geothermal energy; geothermal reservoirs; hydrochemistry; numerical models; permeability; solute transport; tracers; transport; water-rock interaction ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of the methodology needed to quantify risks to groundwater at CO (sub 2) storage sites AN - 1637532959; 2014-103371 AB - The National Risk Assessment Partnership (NRAP) is an effort that harnesses capabilities across five U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) national laboratories into a mission-focused platform to develop a defensible, science-based quantitative methodology for determining risk profiles at CO (sub 2) storage sites. NRAP is conducting risk and uncertainty analysis in the areas of reservoir performance, natural leakage pathways, wellbore integrity, groundwater protection, monitoring, and systems level modeling. The mission of NRAP is "to provide the scientific underpinning for risk assessment with respect to the long-term storage of CO (sub 2) , including assessment of residual risk associated with a site post-closure". Additionally, NRAP will develop a strategic, risk-based monitoring protocol, such that monitoring at all stages of a project effectively minimizes uncertainty in the predicted behavior of the site, thereby increasing confidence in storage integrity. NRAP's research focus in the area of groundwater protection is divided into three main tasks: 1) development of quantitative risk profiles for potential groundwater impacts; 2) filling key science gaps in developing those risk profiles; and 3) field-based confirmation. Within these three tasks, researchers are engaged in collaborative studies to determine metrics to identify system perturbation and their associated risk factors. Reservoir simulations are being performed to understand/predict consequences of hypothetical leakage scenarios, from which reduced order models are being developed to feed risk profile development. Both laboratory-based experiments and reactive transport modeling studies provide estimates of geochemical impacts over a broad range of leakage scenarios. This presentation will provide an overview of the research objectives within NRAP's groundwater protection focus area, as well as select accomplishments achieved to date. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Brown, Christopher F AU - Birkholzer, J T AU - Carroll, S AU - Hakala, A AU - Keating, E H AU - Lopano, Christina L AU - Newell, D L AU - Spycher, N AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - December 2011 SP - Abstract H33B EP - 1301 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2011 KW - water quality KW - monitoring KW - carbon sequestration KW - underground storage KW - pollution KW - seepage KW - ground water KW - carbon dioxide KW - mitigation KW - underground installations KW - risk assessment KW - water pollution KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1637532959?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Development+of+the+methodology+needed+to+quantify+risks+to+groundwater+at+CO+%28sub+2%29+storage+sites&rft.au=Brown%2C+Christopher+F%3BBirkholzer%2C+J+T%3BCarroll%2C+S%3BHakala%2C+A%3BKeating%2C+E+H%3BLopano%2C+Christina+L%3BNewell%2C+D+L%3BSpycher%2C+N%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=2011&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2011 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2014, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2014-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2014-12-18 N1 - CODEN - #07548 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - carbon dioxide; carbon sequestration; ground water; mitigation; monitoring; pollution; risk assessment; seepage; underground installations; underground storage; water pollution; water quality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Coupled reactive flow modeling with declining reactivity in fractured geothermal systems AN - 1637532844; 2014-103351 AB - Changes in permeability and fluid flow within geothermal systems are driven by geochemical reactions, advective and diffusive transport of heat and solute mass, and evolving thermal and mechanical environments. Representation of these simultaneous processes in numerical models is required for the characterization and simulation of natural geothermal systems. However, identifying and developing mathematical representations for all of the relevant mechanisms that control system behavior presents a major challenge. We have developed two-dimensional simulations of physical and chemical evolution in fractured granite under geothermal conditions with temperatures ranging from 150-300 degrees C. The goal of this study is to help identify possible sources for existing discrepancies between model results and laboratory-based measurements by adding a new mathematical formulation to the code TOUGHREACT. The revised code is designed to further quantify the link between the progressive evolution of reaction rates and alteration mineralogy. We explicitly couple reaction rates to mineral precipitation/dissolution effects by using an exponential function that defines evolving reactive surface areas in terms of each of the following (i) the accumulated total secondary mineral volume fraction, (ii) the accumulated clay (smectite) portion of the secondary mineral volume fraction, and (iii) the net change in mineral volume fraction (combined effects of dissolution and precipitation). We evaluate the performance of these three modified approaches by comparing simulation results to detailed laboratory measurements of fluid compositions, mineral abundances, and permeability changes in fractured Westerly granite and to previous one-dimensional simulations in which reactive surface areas were adjusted with time to match the observed fracture permeability history. The simulation results offer a potentially useful means of quantifying reactivity loss and of examining the extent to which secondary mineral precipitation controls primary mineral dissolution. The two-dimensional models also allow us to consider the importance of diffusion in controlling reaction behavior. We conclude that mathematically linking reactivity loss to declining surface area may be a viable way to obtain more accurate predictions of the spatial and temporal changes of key geothermal system properties (e.g., permeability, mineral compositions, and solute concentrations) over extended periods of time. Our findings suggest that modeling approaches that do not incorporate a mechanism for rapid changes in reactive surface area may over predict the rate of fracture permeability decay. Consequently, this work also implies that some fraction of the increased permeability resulting from fracture formation and reactivation in tectonically active geothermal systems may be maintained over significant time intervals. Therefore, the models provide a potential framework for predicting the long-term behavior of natural geothermal systems. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Palguta, J AU - Williams, C F AU - Ingebritsen, S AU - Hickman, S AU - Sonnenthal, E L AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - December 2011 SP - Abstract H32D EP - 06 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2011 KW - fractured materials KW - diffusion KW - numerical models KW - igneous rocks KW - granites KW - fluid flow KW - coupling KW - models KW - geothermal energy KW - reactivity KW - plutonic rocks KW - geothermal systems KW - chemical reactions KW - transport KW - precipitation KW - reactive transport KW - heat transfer KW - geochemistry KW - permeability KW - diffusivity KW - 29A:Economic geology, geology of energy sources KW - 02A:General geochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1637532844?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Coupled+reactive+flow+modeling+with+declining+reactivity+in+fractured+geothermal+systems&rft.au=Palguta%2C+J%3BWilliams%2C+C+F%3BIngebritsen%2C+S%3BHickman%2C+S%3BSonnenthal%2C+E+L%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Palguta&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=2011&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2011 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2014, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2014-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2014-12-18 N1 - CODEN - #07548 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - chemical reactions; coupling; diffusion; diffusivity; fluid flow; fractured materials; geochemistry; geothermal energy; geothermal systems; granites; heat transfer; igneous rocks; models; numerical models; permeability; plutonic rocks; precipitation; reactive transport; reactivity; transport ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mapping and quantification of geologic CO (sub 2) emissions at Mammoth Mountain, CA and Soda Springs, ID, USA AN - 1637530458; 2014-103334 AB - We apply a diverse set of methods to map and quantify surface CO (sub 2) emissions with distinct styles and geologic sources at two natural CO (sub 2) release sites. Mammoth Mountain is a dormant volcano located in California, where volcanogenic CO (sub 2) is emitted diffusely through soils within relatively large (km (super 2) -scale) areas. We used the eddy covariance (EC) and accumulation chamber (AC) techniques at the Horseshoe Lake tree-kill area on Mammoth Mountain to map the spatial distribution of diffuse CO (sub 2) fluxes and quantify CO (sub 2) emission rate. EC measurements of CO (sub 2) flux during September-October 2010 ranged from 85 to 1766 g m (super -2) d (super -1) . Three AC soil CO (sub 2) flux surveys during this time were used to simulate maps of soil CO (sub 2) flux and estimate total emission rates. A least-squares inversion of measured EC CO (sub 2) fluxes and corresponding modeled source weight functions was carried out and recovered 58 to 77% of the CO (sub 2) emission rates estimated based on simulated AC soil CO (sub 2) fluxes. Spatial distributions of modeled surface CO (sub 2) fluxes based on EC and AC observations showed moderate to good correspondence (R (super 2) = 0.36 to 0.70). In Soda Springs, Idaho, CO (sub 2) of deep sedimentary origin is released at the surface from a number of relatively small-area carbonated spring sources. In Fall 2011, we will use for the first time the eddy covariance method in conjunction with aqueous geochemistry to map and quantify CO (sub 2) emissions from a high discharge spring and surrounding marsh area. Our results from Mammoth Mountain and Soda Springs should provide a framework for integrated monitoring of a range of surface CO (sub 2) leakage styles and geometries. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Lewicki, J L AU - Hilley, G E AU - McLing, Travis L AU - Dobeck, L AU - Marino, B AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - December 2011 SP - Abstract H32B EP - 02 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2011 KW - United States KW - Idaho KW - monitoring KW - statistical analysis KW - seepage KW - measurement KW - gases KW - carbon dioxide KW - California KW - Mammoth Mountain KW - Horseshoe Lake KW - volcanoes KW - springs KW - Soda Springs KW - soil gases KW - geochemistry KW - covariance analysis KW - 22:Environmental geology KW - 02A:General geochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1637530458?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Mapping+and+quantification+of+geologic+CO+%28sub+2%29+emissions+at+Mammoth+Mountain%2C+CA+and+Soda+Springs%2C+ID%2C+USA&rft.au=Lewicki%2C+J+L%3BHilley%2C+G+E%3BMcLing%2C+Travis+L%3BDobeck%2C+L%3BMarino%2C+B%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Lewicki&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=2011&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2011 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2014, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2014-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2014-12-18 N1 - CODEN - #07548 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - California; carbon dioxide; covariance analysis; gases; geochemistry; Horseshoe Lake; Idaho; Mammoth Mountain; measurement; monitoring; seepage; Soda Springs; soil gases; springs; statistical analysis; United States; volcanoes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Exploring for geothermal resource in a dormant volcanic system; the Haleakala Southwest Rift Zone, Maui, Hawai'i AN - 1637530424; 2014-103398 AB - Suites of new geophysical and geochemical surveys provide compelling evidence for geothermal resource at the Haleakala Southwest Rift Zone (HSWRZ) on Maui Island, Hawai'i. Ground-based gravity ( nearly equal 400 stations) coupled with heli-borne magnetics ( nearly equal 1500 line kilometers) define both deep and shallow fractures/faults while also delineating potentially widespread subsurface hydrothermal alteration on the lower flanks (below approximately 1800 feet a.s.l.). Multi-level, upward continuation calculations and 2-D gravity and magnetic modeling provide information on source depths, but lack of lithologic information leaves ambiguity in the estimates. Lithology and physical property data from future drilling will improve these interpretations. Additionally, several well-defined gravity lows (possibly vent zones) lie coincident with magnetic highs suggesting the presence of dike intrusions at depth; a potentially young source of heat for a modern geothermal system. Soil CO (sub 2) fluxes were measured along transects across geophysically-defined faults and fractures as well as young cinder cones along the HSWRZ; a weak anomalous flux signal was observed at one young cinder cone location. Dissolved inorganic carbon concentrations and delta 13C compositions and (super 3) He/ (super 4) He values measured in several shallow groundwater samples indicate addition of magmatic CO (sub 2) and He to the groundwater system. The general lack of observed magmatic surface CO (sub 2) signals on the HSWRZ is therefore likely due to a combination of groundwater "scrubbing" of CO (sub 2) and relatively high biogenic surface CO (sub 2) fluxes that mask magmatic CO (sub 2) . Similar surveys at the Puna geothermal field on the Kilauea Lower East Rift Zone (KLERZ) also showed a lack of surface CO (sub 2) flux signals attributed to a magmatic source, while aqueous geochemistry indicated contribution of magmatic CO (sub 2) and He to shallow groundwaters at both Maui and Puna. As magma has been intercepted in geothermal drilling at the Puna field, the lack of measured surface CO (sub 2) flux associated with upflow of magmatic fluids here is likely due to the aforementioned "scrubbing" from extensive groundwater flow, as well as high background biogenic CO (sub 2) flux. Deep, temperature gradient core holes have been sited based on these geophysical and geochemical datasets. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Martini, B A AU - Lewicki, J L AU - Kennedy, B M AU - Lide, C AU - Oppliger, G AU - Drakos, P S AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - December 2011 SP - Abstract H51C EP - 1222 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2011 KW - United States KW - rift zones KW - Haleakala Southwest Rift Zone KW - Haleakala KW - Hawaii KW - East Pacific Ocean Islands KW - cinder cones KW - metasomatism KW - Maui County Hawaii KW - two-dimensional models KW - Maui KW - geothermal energy KW - gravity anomalies KW - fractures KW - geothermal reservoirs KW - volcanic features KW - geothermal systems KW - geothermal exploration KW - Oceania KW - hydrothermal alteration KW - Polynesia KW - faults KW - 29A:Economic geology, geology of energy sources UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1637530424?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Exploring+for+geothermal+resource+in+a+dormant+volcanic+system%3B+the+Haleakala+Southwest+Rift+Zone%2C+Maui%2C+Hawai%27i&rft.au=Martini%2C+B+A%3BLewicki%2C+J+L%3BKennedy%2C+B+M%3BLide%2C+C%3BOppliger%2C+G%3BDrakos%2C+P+S%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Martini&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=2011&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://abstractsearch.agu.org/meetings/2011/FM/sections/H/sessions/H51C/abstracts/H51C-1222.html LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2011 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2014, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2014-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2014-12-18 N1 - CODEN - #07548 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - cinder cones; East Pacific Ocean Islands; faults; fractures; geothermal energy; geothermal exploration; geothermal reservoirs; geothermal systems; gravity anomalies; Haleakala; Haleakala Southwest Rift Zone; Hawaii; hydrothermal alteration; Maui; Maui County Hawaii; metasomatism; Oceania; Polynesia; rift zones; two-dimensional models; United States; volcanic features ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluating the geochemically induced swelling/shrinkage of the near-field host clay rock using a THC model and the diffuse double layer theory AN - 1637530073; 2014-103391 AB - One advantage of emplacing nuclear waste in a clay formation is the potential self-sealing capability due to clay swelling. The swelling properties of the near-field host clay rock can be altered due to geochemical factors, including changes in groundwater geochemistry, proportions of exchangeable cations, and swelling clay mineral abundances. The clay host rock can also undergo geochemical changes due to the interaction with the engineered barrier system (EBS) materials. In this paper, coupled thermal, hydrological, and chemical (THC) models are linked with a swelling model based on diffuse double layer (DDL) theory and changes in the swelling properties of clay host rocks in the near field area are evaluated. Findings based on THC simulations using the reaction-transport code TOUGHREACT include: 1) Significant changes in the swelling pressure could be expected depending on various hydrogeologic and geochemical conditions. The change of hydration rate of the EBS (via the adjustment of tortuosity) could have significant effect on the swelling pressure. 2) Geochemically-induced swelling/shrinkage only occurs in the near-field area, within a few meters from the EBS interface. 3) Swelling/shrinkage induced porosity change is generally much smaller than that caused by mineral precipitation/dissolution. 4) The geochemically-induced swelling/shrinkage of host clay rock is the combined effect of variation in the pore water geochemistry, exchangeable cations, and smectite abundance. Neglecting any of these three latter factors might lead to a miscalculation of the geochemically-induced swelling pressure. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Zheng, L AU - Liu, H AU - Birkholzer, J T AU - Houseworth, J E AU - Sonnenthal, E L AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - December 2011 SP - Abstract H51C EP - 1215 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2011 KW - silicates KW - clay KW - simulation KW - radioactive waste KW - ground water KW - controls KW - transport KW - sediments KW - reactive transport KW - TOUGHREACT KW - chemical composition KW - disposal barriers KW - diffusivity KW - toxic materials KW - sealing KW - cation exchange capacity KW - clastic sediments KW - host rocks KW - solutes KW - smectite KW - pollution KW - migration of elements KW - porosity KW - clay minerals KW - models KW - expansive materials KW - sheet silicates KW - waste disposal KW - pore water KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1637530073?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Evaluating+the+geochemically+induced+swelling%2Fshrinkage+of+the+near-field+host+clay+rock+using+a+THC+model+and+the+diffuse+double+layer+theory&rft.au=Zheng%2C+L%3BLiu%2C+H%3BBirkholzer%2C+J+T%3BHouseworth%2C+J+E%3BSonnenthal%2C+E+L%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Zheng&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=2011&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://abstractsearch.agu.org/meetings/2011/FM/sections/H/sessions/H51C/abstracts/H51C-1215.html LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2011 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2014, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2014-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2014-12-18 N1 - CODEN - #07548 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - cation exchange capacity; chemical composition; clastic sediments; clay; clay minerals; controls; diffusivity; disposal barriers; expansive materials; ground water; host rocks; migration of elements; models; pollution; pore water; porosity; radioactive waste; reactive transport; sealing; sediments; sheet silicates; silicates; simulation; smectite; solutes; TOUGHREACT; toxic materials; transport; waste disposal ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of organic ligands and temperature variations on the kinetics of olivine carbonation and the formation of associated secondary phases AN - 1629938007; 2014-092445 AB - The slow dissolution kinetics of Mg-rich silicates has become a critical issue for the geologic CO (sub 2) sequestration in basic rocks. Previous batch carbonation studies on San Carlos olivine (super [1]) performed in CO (sub 2) saturated water (at 90 degrees C and P CO (sub 2) = 280 bar) have focused on the role that secondary phases, such as amorphous silica layers (SiO (sub 2) (am)), have on the transport of reactants from and to the reactive surfaces. The fluid composition remained roughly constant over the duration of the experiment, close to saturation with respect to amorphous silica and with a [Mg (super 2+) ]/[SiO (sub 2) (aq)] ratio close to stoechiometric release, suggesting a passivation of the olivine surface by the silica layer. In order to accelerate the dissolution process, organic ligands such as citrate and acetate were added to the solutions and tested at 1M and 0.1M concentrations in similar batch experiments. An intrinsic increase of the dissolution rate of olivine was expected (super [2], [3]) prior to the formation of a passivating silica layer. Preliminary results confirm this idea since Mg was released in non-stoechimoetric proportions with respect to SiO (sub 2) (aq) (found to be in equilibrium with SiO (sub 2) (am)). Similarly, a slight increase of temperature (from 90 degrees C to 120 degrees C) accelerated the reaction kinetics as well, possibly impacting the textural properties of SiO (sub 2) (am). Current TEM investigations are directed to confirming a possible link between the observed increase of the rate and textural properties of secondary phases. In addition, because carbonate minerals have a retrograde solubility, thermodynamical modelling suggests that this temperature increase should allow the fluid to reach saturation with respect to carbonates before reaching saturation with respect to SiO (sub 2) (am). Enough Mg can therefore be released to initiate the formation of carbonates before the silica precipitates and passivates the olivine surface. [1] Daval et al (2011), Chemical Geology, v.284, p.193-209 [2] Grandstaff, D.E. (1986) In: Colman, S.M., Dethier, D.P. Eds., Rates of Chemical Weathering of Rocks and Minerals. 41-57. [3] Krevor and Lackner (2009) Energy Procedia v 1, 4867-4871. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Sissmann, O AU - Daval, D AU - Martinez, I AU - Brunet, F AU - Verlaguet, A AU - Pinquier, Y AU - Guyot, F J AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - December 2011 SP - Abstract GC43E EP - 06 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2011 KW - silicates KW - experimental studies KW - carbon sequestration KW - solutes KW - olivine group KW - solubility KW - San Carlos Olivine KW - nesosilicates KW - models KW - ligands KW - chemical reactions KW - saturation KW - phase equilibria KW - mineral carbonation KW - olivine KW - orthosilicates KW - thermodynamic properties KW - crystal chemistry KW - kinetics KW - carbonates KW - 02A:General geochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1629938007?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Effects+of+organic+ligands+and+temperature+variations+on+the+kinetics+of+olivine+carbonation+and+the+formation+of+associated+secondary+phases&rft.au=Sissmann%2C+O%3BDaval%2C+D%3BMartinez%2C+I%3BBrunet%2C+F%3BVerlaguet%2C+A%3BPinquier%2C+Y%3BGuyot%2C+F+J%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Sissmann&rft.aufirst=O&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=2011&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://abstractsearch.agu.org/meetings/2011/FM/sections/GC/sessions/GC43E/abstracts/GC43E-06.html LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2011 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2014, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2014-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2014-12-04 N1 - CODEN - #07548 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - carbon sequestration; carbonates; chemical reactions; crystal chemistry; experimental studies; kinetics; ligands; mineral carbonation; models; nesosilicates; olivine; olivine group; orthosilicates; phase equilibria; San Carlos Olivine; saturation; silicates; solubility; solutes; thermodynamic properties ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Impact of geochemical reactions on performance of enhanced geothermal systems using CO2 as working fluid AN - 1623263768; 2014-087365 AB - In recent years, as part of an effort to reduce atmospheric emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), a novel concept of operating enhanced geothermal system (EGS) using CO2 instead of water as working fluid (CO2-EGS) and achieving simultaneous geologic sequestration of CO2 has been evaluated. CO2 appears to be superior to water in extracting heat from hot fractured rock and reducing the power consumption of the fluid circulation system, because its large expansivity and lower viscosity result in substantially greater mass flow rates than those of water. However, there remain uncertainties about chemical interactions between fluids and rocks. CO2 itself would not be a strong solvent for rock minerals, but aqueous solutions of CO2 can be quite corrosive and capable of dissolving minerals and even attacking the steel liners and casings used in the well construction. Such different chemical reactions by changes of the fluid phases may significantly alter hydrodynamic properties of EGS reservoirs over time and space, affecting heat extraction rates. Therefore, it is critical to conduct comprehensive studies on chemical interactions between fluids and rocks and their impact on the operation of EGS. We have performed reactive transport modeling to study the impact of fluid-rock interactions on CO2-driven EGS, particularly focusing on mineral alteration and associated porosity changes and their impact on reservoir growth and longevity. In addition, the potential ancillary benefit of CO2 sequestration in the system is evaluated. We consider an idealized fractured reservoir system with a five-spot well configuration in a two-dimensional model. Data for mineralogical composition are taken from various EGS sites such as Soultz and Desert Peak for our numerical analyses. This modeling study could provide a guidance for identification of future CO2-EGS demonstration sites. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Jung, Y AU - Xu, T AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - December 2011 SP - Abstract H21E EP - 1177 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2011 KW - carbon sequestration KW - enhanced recovery KW - hot dry rocks KW - porosity KW - two-dimensional models KW - carbon dioxide KW - geothermal energy KW - naturally fractured reservoirs KW - geochemical methods KW - hydrodynamics KW - reservoir properties KW - permeability KW - 29A:Economic geology, geology of energy sources UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1623263768?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Impact+of+geochemical+reactions+on+performance+of+enhanced+geothermal+systems+using+CO2+as+working+fluid&rft.au=Jung%2C+Y%3BXu%2C+T%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Jung&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=2011&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2011 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2014, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2014-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2014-11-13 N1 - CODEN - #07548 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - carbon dioxide; carbon sequestration; enhanced recovery; geochemical methods; geothermal energy; hot dry rocks; hydrodynamics; naturally fractured reservoirs; permeability; porosity; reservoir properties; two-dimensional models ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A modeling and numerical algorithm for thermoporomechanics in multiple porosity media for naturally fractured reservoirs AN - 1623263747; 2014-087359 AB - Rigorous modeling of coupling between fluid, heat, and geomechanics (thermo-poro-mechanics), in fractured porous media is one of the important and difficult topics in geothermal reservoir simulation, because the physics are highly nonlinear and strongly coupled. Coupled fluid/heat flow and geomechanics are investigated using the multiple interacting continua (MINC) method as applied to naturally fractured media. In this study, we generalize constitutive relations for the isothermal elastic dual porosity model proposed by Berryman (2002) to those for the non-isothermal elastic/elastoplastic multiple porosity model, and derive the coupling coefficients of coupled fluid/heat flow and geomechanics and constraints of the coefficients. When the off-diagonal terms of the total compressibility matrix for the flow problem are zero, the upscaled drained bulk modulus for geomechanics becomes the harmonic average of drained bulk moduli of the multiple continua. In this case, the drained elastic/elastoplastic moduli for mechanics are determined by a combination of the drained moduli and volume fractions in multiple porosity materials. We also determine a relation between local strains of all multiple porosity materials in a gridblock and the global strain of the gridblock, from which we can track local and global elastic/plastic variables. For elastoplasticity, the return mapping is performed for all multiple porosity materials in the gridblock. For numerical implementation, we employ and extend the fixed-stress sequential method of the single porosity model to coupled fluid/heat flow and geomechanics in multiple porosity systems, because it provides numerical stability and high accuracy. This sequential scheme can be easily implemented by using a porosity function and its corresponding porosity correction, making use of the existing robust flow and geomechanics simulators. We implemented the proposed modeling and numerical algorithm to the reaction transport simulator TOUGHREACT coupled to ROCMECH (geomechanics simulator), and tested 1D and 2D small-scale problems. The numerical results show clear differences between the single and dual/multiple porosity systems. For example, the pressure in the fracture for the five-porosity model becomes higher than those for the single porosity system because the fracture bulk modulus is lower than the upscaled bulk modulus used in the single porosity. For elastoplasticity (the Mohr-Coulomb model), the pressure in the fracture can be supported by compaction when the fracture is in the plastic region. In a 2D case of the five-porosity system, we compare results of thermoporoelasticity with those of a conventional flow simulation using rock compressibility, and find significant differences between them. In conclusion, introducing multiple continuum concepts into geomechanical descriptions of fractured rock can provide more accurate models for coupled flow and geomechanics in fractured porous media. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Kim, J AU - Sonnenthal, E L AU - Rutqvist, J AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - December 2011 SP - Abstract H21E EP - 1171 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2011 KW - geothermal energy KW - numerical models KW - elastoplastic materials KW - naturally fractured reservoirs KW - thermomechanical properties KW - reservoir properties KW - mapping KW - geothermal engineering KW - porosity KW - permeability KW - compressibility KW - 29A:Economic geology, geology of energy sources UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1623263747?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=A+modeling+and+numerical+algorithm+for+thermoporomechanics+in+multiple+porosity+media+for+naturally+fractured+reservoirs&rft.au=Kim%2C+J%3BSonnenthal%2C+E+L%3BRutqvist%2C+J%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=2011&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2011 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2014, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2014-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2014-11-13 N1 - CODEN - #07548 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - compressibility; elastoplastic materials; geothermal energy; geothermal engineering; mapping; naturally fractured reservoirs; numerical models; permeability; porosity; reservoir properties; thermomechanical properties ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Simulation studies on enhanced geothermal systems with CO2 as a working fluid AN - 1623259718; 2014-087339 AB - Supercritical CO2 has recently been considered as a working fluid in enhanced geothermal systems (EGS), given its non-ionic nature, larger expansivity and lower viscosity compared to water. In addition, an EGS with supercritical CO2 as a working fluid may also act as a mechanism for CO2 sequestration. To explore this, one must understand the various interactions that may take place between the reservoir rock and the supercritical CO2. In this work, we perform simulations in two and three dimensions using the massively parallel flow and transport code PFLOTRAN, to study these interactions under various conditions (aqueous, non-aqueous and two-phase). The two dimensional results using PFLOTRAN are compared with simulations made using the TOUGH2 code. Numerical studies examining mineral dissolution and precipitation reactions that may occur in EGS that use supercritical CO2 are also shown, in addition to preliminary indications of which well placements may enable optimal flow rates and simultaneous CO2 sequestration. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Karra, S AU - Ayling, B AU - Han, W AU - Lichtner, P C AU - Lu, C AU - McPherson, Brian J AU - McLin, K S AU - Moore, J AU - Pan, F AU - Rose, P E AU - Xu, T AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - December 2011 SP - Abstract H21C EP - 1126 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2011 KW - TOUGH2 KW - geothermal energy KW - computer programs KW - petroleum engineering KW - carbon sequestration KW - numerical models KW - viscosity KW - three-dimensional models KW - enhanced recovery KW - simulation KW - carbon dioxide KW - 29A:Economic geology, geology of energy sources UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1623259718?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Simulation+studies+on+enhanced+geothermal+systems+with+CO2+as+a+working+fluid&rft.au=Karra%2C+S%3BAyling%2C+B%3BHan%2C+W%3BLichtner%2C+P+C%3BLu%2C+C%3BMcPherson%2C+Brian+J%3BMcLin%2C+K+S%3BMoore%2C+J%3BPan%2C+F%3BRose%2C+P+E%3BXu%2C+T%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Karra&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=2011&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2011 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2014, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2014-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2014-11-13 N1 - CODEN - #07548 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - carbon dioxide; carbon sequestration; computer programs; enhanced recovery; geothermal energy; numerical models; petroleum engineering; simulation; three-dimensional models; TOUGH2; viscosity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Impact-driven pressure management for leaky CO (sub 2) storage systems AN - 1623259453; 2014-087475 AB - Large-scale pressure buildup in response to carbon dioxide injection in the subsurface may limit the dynamic storage capacity of suitable formations, because over-pressurization can impact caprock integrity, induce micro-seismicity in critically stressed faults, drive CO2 and/or brine up conductive features into shallow groundwater resources, and affect existing subsurface activities such as oil and gas production. It has recently been suggested that pressure management schemes involving the extraction of native fluids from storage formations may be used to control subsurface pressure increases caused by CO2 injection, thereby limiting the possibility of unwanted effects such as brine leakage to shallow freshwater aquifers and also reducing the potentially large Areas of Review, which in the U.S. EPA's regulation for CO2 sequestration projects are the subsurface domains that need to be characterized for local conductive features in order to obtain a permit. Our study presents application of a newly developed analytical solution to evaluate the effectiveness of fluid extraction in managing pressure buildup caused by CO2 injection and storage. We use a hypothetical yet complex example case with multiple leaky wells and a critically stressed fault. Different pressure management schemes involving (passive) pressure relief wells, active extraction wells, combinations of both, disposal of brine, and/or re-injection of brine were tested with respect to predefined performance criteria, such as the maximum allowable pressure near the conductive fault. Options for optimal well placement were also evaluated, comparing near-field arrays of extraction wells (i.e., near the injection wells) with far-field arrays (e.g., near the fault). Far-field well placement allows for a significant reduction in the brine extraction rates needed to keep pressure increase below the target performance criterion. Based on these findings, we developed the concept of "impact-driven pressure management (IDPM)", with which we mean fluid extraction schemes that are optimized to meet local performance criteria (i.e., schemes that limit pressure increases primarily where environmental impact is a concern). Compared to simple pressure management schemes that often assume near-field and volume-equivalent extractions, IDPM can lead to significant cost reduction, in particular if brines need to be disposed at the surface and no beneficial use is possible. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Birkholzer, J T AU - Cihan, A AU - Zhou, Q AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - December 2011 SP - Abstract H41K EP - 02 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2011 KW - carbon sequestration KW - pressure KW - numerical models KW - regulations KW - government agencies KW - U. S. Environmental Protection Agency KW - ground water KW - carbon dioxide KW - aquifers KW - gas injection KW - brines KW - cap rocks KW - shallow aquifers KW - greenhouse gases KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1623259453?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Impact-driven+pressure+management+for+leaky+CO+%28sub+2%29+storage+systems&rft.au=Birkholzer%2C+J+T%3BCihan%2C+A%3BZhou%2C+Q%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Birkholzer&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=2011&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2011 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2014, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2014-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2014-11-13 N1 - CODEN - #07548 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifers; brines; cap rocks; carbon dioxide; carbon sequestration; gas injection; government agencies; greenhouse gases; ground water; numerical models; pressure; regulations; shallow aquifers; U. S. Environmental Protection Agency ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Using 3D MT inversion to better understand Iceland geothermal systems AN - 1623258754; 2014-087357 AB - Inversions and interpretations of three-dimensional (3D) magnetotelluric MT data acquired over Iceland high-temperature neo-volcanic complexes Krafla and Hengill demonstrate capability of the technique to characterize the electrical structure of geothermal reservoirs in a single self-consistent manner, presumably optimal accuracy and resolution, and such contribute to a better understanding of complex geothermal systems. Resistivity in geothermal areas is governed not only by presence of fluids and temperature, but also by hydrothermal alteration products, since they contain clays. The inverted model of Krafla dataset reveals the presence of highly resistive near surface layer, identified as unaltered porous basalt, which covers a low resistivity cap corresponding to the smectite-zeolite zone. Below this cap a more resistive zone is classified as the epidote-chlorite zone or also called the resistive core. Resistivity in the upper 1-2 km does not to correlate with lithology but with alteration mineralogy. At the site of the IDDP well, which encountered magma at 2.1 km depth, the resistivity image shows high resistivity most likely due to epidote-chlorite geology. Just to the northwest of the well, however, an intrusive electrically conductive feature has been imaged rising from depth, and has been interpreted as a magma reservoir. A possible explanation for the magma encounter at the IDDP well is the existence of pathways or fissures connecting the magma chamber to the well. The MT response to magma pathways at such scales is not observable in the data. The Hengill Complex hosts three volcanic centers, and is bisected by a long fissure swarm. The inverted model of Hengill dataset identified two low-resistivity layers. The nature of the uppermost low-resistivity layer and the increasing resistivity below is due to hydrothermal mineral alteration while the nature of the deep low-resistivity layer is not yet well understood. This dataset also clearly illustrates the importance of 3D imaging. Field data show strong three-dimensionality and 2D inversions were unable to fit measured data. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Gasperikova, E AU - Newman, G A AU - Feucht, D W AU - Arnason, K AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - December 2011 SP - Abstract H21E EP - 1169 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2011 KW - Hengill Complex KW - Western Europe KW - three-dimensional models KW - geophysical methods KW - Europe KW - metasomatism KW - magnetotelluric methods KW - geothermal energy KW - geothermal exploration KW - deep drilling KW - reservoir properties KW - hydrothermal alteration KW - drilling KW - Iceland KW - 29A:Economic geology, geology of energy sources KW - 20:Applied geophysics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1623258754?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Using+3D+MT+inversion+to+better+understand+Iceland+geothermal+systems&rft.au=Gasperikova%2C+E%3BNewman%2C+G+A%3BFeucht%2C+D+W%3BArnason%2C+K%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Gasperikova&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=2011&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2011 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2014, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2014-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2014-11-13 N1 - CODEN - #07548 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - deep drilling; drilling; Europe; geophysical methods; geothermal energy; geothermal exploration; Hengill Complex; hydrothermal alteration; Iceland; magnetotelluric methods; metasomatism; reservoir properties; three-dimensional models; Western Europe ER - TY - JOUR T1 - EGS exploration methodology development using the Dixie Valley geothermal wellfield as a calibration site, a progress report AN - 1623258419; 2014-087361 AB - An Engineered Geothermal System (EGS) exploration methodology is being developed using the Dixie Valley geothermal system in Nevada as a field laboratory. This area was chosen as the test site because its has an extensive public domain database and deep geothermal wells allowing for calibration of the developed methodology. The calibration effort is focused on the Dixie Valley Geothermal Wellfield (DVGW), an area with 30 geothermal wells. Calibration will be based on cross-correlation of qualitative and quantitative results with known well conditions. This project is structured in the following manner (Task 1) review and assess existing public domain and other available data (baseline data); (Task 2) develop and populate a GIS-database; (Task 3) develop a baseline (existing public domain data) geothermal conceptual model, evaluate the geostatistical relationships between the various data sets, and generate a Baseline EGS favorability map from the surface to a 5-km depth focused on identifying EGS drilling targets; (Task 4) collect new gravity, seismic, magneto-tellurics (MT), geologic, and geochemical data to fill in data gaps and improve model resolution; and (Task 5) update the GIS-database for the newly acquired data and repeating the elements of Task 3 incorporating the baseline and new data to generate an Enhanced EGS Favorability Map. Innovative aspects of this project include: (1) developing interdisciplinary method(s) for synthesizing, integrating, and evaluating geoscience data both qualitatively and quantitatively; (2) demonstrating new seismic techniques based on ambient noise which is a passive survey not requiring local earthquakes and is a relatively inexpensive method to image seismic velocity, attenuation, and density; (3) determining if seismic data can infer temperature and lithology at depth; (4) extending 2D MT modeling/mapping to 3D MT; (5) generating a MT derived temperature map; and (6) jointly analyzing gravity, magnetic, seismic, and MT data to the degree feasible to reduce non-uniqueness of geophysical data. Tasks 1 and 2 have been completed except for thermal modeling. The baseline geothermal conceptual model, the geostatistical analysis, and formulation of an EGS Favorability Map are in progress and expected to be completed by the time of the annual meeting. Task 4 is underway to collect primarily higher resolution geophysical data. The new surveys will cover an area slightly larger than the 50km X 50km Project Area centered over the DVGW. Selected results of the data review, the baseline conceptual model, geostatistical correlations between various data sets, the Baseline EGS Favorability Map and the new planned surveys will be discussed. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Iovenitti, J L AU - Blackwell, D D AU - Sainsbury, J AU - Tibuleac, I M AU - Waibel, A AU - Cladouhos, T T AU - Karlin, R AU - Kennedy, B M AU - Isaaks, E AU - Wannamaker, P E AU - Clyne, M AU - Callahan, O AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - December 2011 SP - Abstract H21E EP - 1173 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2011 KW - United States KW - geothermal wells KW - statistical analysis KW - geophysical methods KW - mapping KW - geostatistics KW - Dixie Valley Field KW - seismic methods KW - magnetotelluric methods KW - geothermal energy KW - progress report KW - geothermal exploration KW - geographic information systems KW - report KW - information systems KW - Nevada KW - field studies KW - 29A:Economic geology, geology of energy sources UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1623258419?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=EGS+exploration+methodology+development+using+the+Dixie+Valley+geothermal+wellfield+as+a+calibration+site%2C+a+progress+report&rft.au=Iovenitti%2C+J+L%3BBlackwell%2C+D+D%3BSainsbury%2C+J%3BTibuleac%2C+I+M%3BWaibel%2C+A%3BCladouhos%2C+T+T%3BKarlin%2C+R%3BKennedy%2C+B+M%3BIsaaks%2C+E%3BWannamaker%2C+P+E%3BClyne%2C+M%3BCallahan%2C+O%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Iovenitti&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=2011&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2011 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2014, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2014-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2014-11-13 N1 - CODEN - #07548 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Dixie Valley Field; field studies; geographic information systems; geophysical methods; geostatistics; geothermal energy; geothermal exploration; geothermal wells; information systems; magnetotelluric methods; mapping; Nevada; progress report; report; seismic methods; statistical analysis; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - CO (sub 2) plume and parameter estimation and uncertainty quantification via monitoring data for geological carbon sequestration AN - 1623258260; 2014-087479 AB - We first present a methodology for automatic CO2 plume and parameter estimation for geological carbon sequestration using monitoring data (pressure and gas saturation). The challenge is to be able to calibrate a computationally expensive process based model (TOUGH2) via tailored optimization algorithms and balancing the trade off between the acquisition of expensive monitoring data and the quality of parameter and plume estimates. After comparing multiple optimization algorithms and selecting the best one (Stochastic RBF) for a heterogeneous, 6-parameter problem, we show the effect of monitoring data on CO2 plume estimates, both in the present (when the last measurement has been made) and far in the future. Secondly, we carry out an uncertainty quantification on the model parameter estimates via a computationally efficient method (SOARS) that replaces the expensive MCMC algorithm. We vary the amount and quality of the monitoring data and show the effect on parameter distributions. These distributions can then be easily sampled to construct probability distributions for the position of the CO2 plume. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Espinet, A J AU - Shoemaker, C A AU - Doughty, C A AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - December 2011 SP - Abstract H41K EP - 06 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2011 KW - plumes KW - monitoring KW - carbon sequestration KW - pressure KW - underground storage KW - statistical analysis KW - carbon dioxide KW - gas injection KW - saturation KW - quantitative analysis KW - underground installations KW - probability KW - greenhouse gases KW - uncertainty KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1623258260?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=CO+%28sub+2%29+plume+and+parameter+estimation+and+uncertainty+quantification+via+monitoring+data+for+geological+carbon+sequestration&rft.au=Espinet%2C+A+J%3BShoemaker%2C+C+A%3BDoughty%2C+C+A%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Espinet&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=2011&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2011 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2014, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2014-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2014-11-13 N1 - CODEN - #07548 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - carbon dioxide; carbon sequestration; gas injection; greenhouse gases; monitoring; plumes; pressure; probability; quantitative analysis; saturation; statistical analysis; uncertainty; underground installations; underground storage ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modeling permeability evolution by precipitation and dissolution; from a single-pore channel to heterogeneous multi-pore systems AN - 1566812471; 2014-074572 AB - Permeability modification by mineral precipitation or dissolution can significantly affect injection well performance in a bioremediation project. Well clogging may occur due to massive mineral deposition on the pore walls near the wellbore. Although the size of a cleanup site can be measured in hundreds of meters or even kilometers, the underlying geochemical and hydrologic processes in individual pores eventually define where and how fast the permeability will decline. Therefore, it is important to understand these pore-scale mechanisms in order to reduce the hindering effect of pore clogging and develop efficient well treatment procedures when its injectivity drops below the minimal-tolerance level. Additionally, model-based permeability-porosity correlations for pore space evolution caused by precipitation or dissolution are needed for realistic reservoir-scale numerical simulations. To gain insights into the pore-scale mechanisms of permeability modification by mineral precipitation and dissolution, we have developed a model describing the dynamic coupling between flow and reactive transport. The model relies on a sequential approach where alternating finite-volume multicomponent reactive transport and flow simulations evaluate the local precipitation-dissolution rates, update the pore space geometry from the mass balance considerations, the re-compute the flow field on the updated sample model. Segmented three dimensional micro-tomography images of the sediment, the chemical composition of the fluid, and the mineral composition of the rock are the input data for simulations. Some model details were reported at previous AGU meetings. We validate the model against a single-pore calcite dissolution experiment. Building on this problem, we use the model to evaluate the precipitation-dissolution patterns for a range of flow rates. We then simulate multi-pore systems to qualitatively reproduce the pattern of precipitation observed in experiments. For that purpose, the model needs to account for heterogeneous nucleation and enhanced reactivity of new precipitates rather than uniform reactivity. We evaluate the impact of this pore-scale heterogeneity on the permeability evolution of multi-pore systems by comparing the output to earlier results. Averaging the local velocities and reaction rates over the computational domain yields the correlation between Darcy velocity and effective reaction rates. Tracking the pore-space and flow evolution produces porosity-permeability correlations. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Silin, D AU - Molins, S AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - December 2011 SP - Abstract H31E EP - 1221 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2011 KW - tomography KW - imagery KW - clogging KW - coupling KW - suspended materials KW - preferential flow KW - simulation KW - remediation KW - ground water KW - reactivity KW - transport KW - sediments KW - reactive transport KW - interpretation KW - chemical composition KW - three-dimensional models KW - injection KW - solutes KW - fluid flow KW - porous materials KW - bioremediation KW - porosity KW - aquifers KW - models KW - precipitation KW - water wells KW - permeability KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1566812471?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Modeling+permeability+evolution+by+precipitation+and+dissolution%3B+from+a+single-pore+channel+to+heterogeneous+multi-pore+systems&rft.au=Silin%2C+D%3BMolins%2C+S%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Silin&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=2011&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://abstractsearch.agu.org/meetings/2011/FM/sections/H/sessions/H31E/abstracts/H31E-1221.html LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2011 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2014, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2014-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2014-10-02 N1 - CODEN - #07548 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifers; bioremediation; chemical composition; clogging; coupling; fluid flow; ground water; imagery; injection; interpretation; models; permeability; porosity; porous materials; precipitation; preferential flow; reactive transport; reactivity; remediation; sediments; simulation; solutes; suspended materials; three-dimensional models; tomography; transport; water wells ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Progress in understanding U(IV) products of biological uranium reduction in the Old Rifle, CO aquifer AN - 1553091005; 2014-024637 AB - Microbially-driven reduction of sediment-hosted uranium is of interest for its potential applications to in-situ remediation of contaminated aquifers, as well as for its likely importance to the persistence of uranium groundwater plumes in naturally reduced aquifer zones, such as those occurring in the aquifer at the former Old Rifle, CO uranium ore processing site. Fundamental questions remain unanswered regarding the chemical and physical forms of U(IV) obtained in bioreduced aquifers, as well as the biogeochemical pathways by which these species form (i.e., enzymatic vs abiotic) and transform (i.e., how do these species change with age?). Studies performed under bona-fide field conditions are necessary for exploring these subjects because biogeochemical conditions that occur in the field, variable in time and space, are difficult to replicate in the laboratory. The relatively low U(IV) sediment concentrations, i.e., < 10 ppm, that occur in many contaminated aquifers present a challenge to the use of most spectroscopy and microscopy techniques that require 10-fold or higher uranium loadings than present in sediments. We have developed an in-situ column technique to study U(IV) species and evolving microbial communities in the Old Rifle aquifer and to correlate them with changes in trace and major ion groundwater composition during biostimulation treatments. Sediments were examined using x-ray and electron microscopy, x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), and chemical extractions. XAS analysis showed that U(IV) occurred predominantly or exclusively as monomeric U(IV) complexes coordinated to oxo (or similar N/C) neighbors, and is associated with biomass or Fe sulfides. The presence of biomass-associated U(IV) after relatively short uranium reduction intervals implies an important role of direct enzymatic pathways under Fe-reducing conditions or requires that Fe(II)-reduced U(IV) can bind to biomass. Sediment-hosted monomeric U(IV) complexes partially transformed into uraninite in the aquifer over a subsequent 12 month period. This work establishes the importance of monomeric U(IV) complexes in subsurface sediments at the Old Rifle site. These experiments also establish that U(IV) species are dynamic in aquifers and can undergo non-oxidative transformation reactions. These new results have important implications for uranium reactive transport models, remediation technologies, and understanding natural uranium reduction in aquifers. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Bargar, J AU - Williams, K H AU - Campbell, K M AU - Stubbs, J AU - Suvorova, E AU - Lezama-Pacheco, J S AU - Alessi, D AU - Stylo, M AU - Handley, K M AU - Bernier-Latmani, R AU - Cerrato, J AU - Giammar, D AU - Davis, J A AU - Fox, P M AU - Long, P E AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - December 2011 SP - Abstract B43H EP - 06 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2011 KW - United States KW - solute transport KW - Garfield County Colorado KW - X-ray diffraction data KW - isotopes KW - biomass KW - environmental analysis KW - remediation KW - ground water KW - Rifle Colorado KW - radioactive isotopes KW - chemical reactions KW - transport KW - spectra KW - reduction KW - water pollution KW - in situ KW - pollutants KW - biochemistry KW - Old Rifle Colorado KW - pollution KW - electron microscopy data KW - bioremediation KW - hydrochemistry KW - aquifers KW - models KW - biogenic processes KW - EXAFS data KW - Colorado KW - 02B:Hydrochemistry KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1553091005?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Progress+in+understanding+U%28IV%29+products+of+biological+uranium+reduction+in+the+Old+Rifle%2C+CO+aquifer&rft.au=Bargar%2C+J%3BWilliams%2C+K+H%3BCampbell%2C+K+M%3BStubbs%2C+J%3BSuvorova%2C+E%3BLezama-Pacheco%2C+J+S%3BAlessi%2C+D%3BStylo%2C+M%3BHandley%2C+K+M%3BBernier-Latmani%2C+R%3BCerrato%2C+J%3BGiammar%2C+D%3BDavis%2C+J+A%3BFox%2C+P+M%3BLong%2C+P+E%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Bargar&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=2011&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2011 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2014, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2014-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2014-08-14 N1 - CODEN - #07548 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifers; biochemistry; biogenic processes; biomass; bioremediation; chemical reactions; Colorado; electron microscopy data; environmental analysis; EXAFS data; Garfield County Colorado; ground water; hydrochemistry; in situ; isotopes; models; Old Rifle Colorado; pollutants; pollution; radioactive isotopes; reduction; remediation; Rifle Colorado; solute transport; spectra; transport; United States; water pollution; X-ray diffraction data ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Induced micro-seismicity near an injection well at the northwest Geysers geothermal field, California AN - 1549621298; 2014-056906 AB - We investigate the temporal and spatial dependence of source parameters of micro-earthquakes (less than M3) before and during water injection at the Northwest Geysers between 2005 and 2010. Our objective is to understand the relation among injection, production and source mechanisms of micro-earthquakes. We examine a small area that surrounds an injection well (Prati 9) that extends into the deep zone. We utilize three approaches to determine the source parameters of the micro-earthquakes; the Empirical Green's Function (EGF) method (Viegas et al., 2010), NetMoment method (Hutchings 2002), and moment tensor inversion (Minson and Dreger, 2008). We first compare the source parameters of 30 earthquakes determined using the three approaches for validation purposes, and then we determine the source parameters for all the earthquakes located within a small volume around the well head before and during injection. We find a good correlation coefficient of 91% between the monthly water injection-rate and the number of induced micro-earthquakes located inside the small volume, with a zero time lag, indicating that the seismic response to water injection is less than a month time. We find the b-value in the Gutenberg-Richter law, which equates the proportion of small earthquakes to large ones, increased from 1.3 to 1.6 with the start of water injection, indicating an increase of the number of small earthquakes relative to larger earthquakes due to reservoir stimulation. Our results indicate that micro-earthquakes at the Northwest Geysers have on average stress drops (mean of 11 MPa) comparable to the ones of natural occurring tectonic earthquakes in the region (around 17 MPa). We notice that the shape of the earthquake cloud is slightly elongated in the SW-NE direction, consistent with the preferential alignment direction of micro-cracks found in anisotropic studies, indicating that slip is being facilitated in pre-existing cracks. The study of micro-seismicity is a useful tool in reservoir exploration management, as it can be used to track the release of strain and the injected fluid flow paths, and to characterize the permeability of the reservoir. The source information has implications for understanding the physics of faulting and the principal mechanisms involved in induced seismicity JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Hutchings, L J AU - Viegas, G AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - December 2011 SP - Abstract S42B EP - 03 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2011 KW - United States KW - stress drops KW - statistical analysis KW - Green function KW - correlation coefficient KW - California KW - geothermal fields KW - fluid injection KW - The Geysers KW - cracks KW - moment tensors KW - microseisms KW - microearthquakes KW - induced earthquakes KW - earthquakes KW - 19:Seismology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1549621298?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Induced+micro-seismicity+near+an+injection+well+at+the+northwest+Geysers+geothermal+field%2C+California&rft.au=Hutchings%2C+L+J%3BViegas%2C+G%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Hutchings&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=2011&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2011 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2014, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2014-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2014-07-31 N1 - CODEN - #07548 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - California; correlation coefficient; cracks; earthquakes; fluid injection; geothermal fields; Green function; induced earthquakes; microearthquakes; microseisms; moment tensors; statistical analysis; stress drops; The Geysers; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Three-dimensional seismic velocity structure in a high-injection region in the northwest Geysers, California, from standard and double-difference seismic tomography AN - 1549621254; 2014-056905 AB - The Northwest Geysers contains some of the highest-volume injection and production wells in the Geysers geothermal field. These wells coincide spatially with dense clusters of microseismicity with exception of a sub-region central to several injectors which has shown lower rates of seismicity over the past 10 years. This low-seismicity region is underlain by a cluster of deep seismicity extending up to 4.2 km below sea level (b.s.l.). The low-seismicity region has been imaged to 610 m resolution using passive-source 3D seismic tomography and co-location of hypocenters. The results indicate a low-velocity (2.9 km/s) anomaly that extends from the surface to approximately 1.5 km b.s.l. in both P- and S- velocity models. It lies just above and to the Northwest of the low-seismicity region. The high-injection/production region is bounded on the southeast by higher velocities (range 4.0 km/s to 5.3 km/s), although it is dominated by velocities in the 3.8 km/s range. The low-velocity feature persists over our 5-year study period from 2005 to 2010, but appears to diminish spatially in 2010. Mean velocity values vary nominally from year to year, as do the extent of high and low velocity regions, but it is yet unknown whether this effect is temporal, an artifact of topography, or related to differences in data quality during different monitoring periods. The the low-velocity feature is being confirmed and re-imaged using double-difference tomography with a node-spacing of 150 m, and the feature's evolution over time will be correlated with injection and production rates in the surrounding area. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Boyle, K L AU - Jarpe, S AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - December 2011 SP - Abstract S42B EP - 02 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2011 KW - United States KW - tomography KW - three-dimensional models KW - geophysical methods KW - depth KW - seismic methods KW - California KW - geothermal fields KW - fluid injection KW - The Geysers KW - seismicity KW - microseisms KW - velocity KW - crust KW - 18:Solid-earth geophysics KW - 20:Applied geophysics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1549621254?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Three-dimensional+seismic+velocity+structure+in+a+high-injection+region+in+the+northwest+Geysers%2C+California%2C+from+standard+and+double-difference+seismic+tomography&rft.au=Boyle%2C+K+L%3BJarpe%2C+S%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Boyle&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=2011&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2011 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2014, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2014-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2014-07-31 N1 - CODEN - #07548 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - California; crust; depth; fluid injection; geophysical methods; geothermal fields; microseisms; seismic methods; seismicity; The Geysers; three-dimensional models; tomography; United States; velocity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Production and injection induced changes at The Geysers geothermal field, CA, USA AN - 1549621086; 2014-056877 AB - Induced seismicity related to the exploitation of geothermal fields has caused concern and objection from the public against the operation of geothermal reservoirs in close proximity to population centers. Production at the EGS sites in Basel (Switzerland) was stopped after renewed seismicity caused concern and objection from the public in the city. A planned expansion of the EGS site in Soultz-sous-foret (France) was suspended after attempts to generate increased permeability through hydrofracturing of the reservoir rock generated an increase in seismicity. As a consequence of these concerns and objections it becomes imperative to understand the differences between naturally occurring and induced events and their relationship to induced stress changes in the reservoir if sustained generation of geothermal energy is the goal. We will address seismicity trends at The Geysers Geothermal Reservoir, CA USA, to understand the role of historical seismicity associated with past injection of water and/or production of steam. The paper will present results of time-lapse tomography to evaluate and quantify temporal changes of the physical parameters in the reservoir. Seismic data collected by the Lawrence Berkeley National Lab (LBNL) seismic network from 2003 through present, were analyzed to delineate regions where compressional and shear-wave velocities indicate changes in reservoir properties. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Gritto, R AU - Jarpe, S AU - Boyle, K L AU - Hutchings, L J AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - December 2011 SP - Abstract S41C EP - 2207 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2011 KW - United States KW - body waves KW - injection KW - elastic waves KW - California KW - geothermal fields KW - The Geysers KW - seismicity KW - seismic risk KW - velocity KW - reservoir properties KW - seismic waves KW - induced earthquakes KW - earthquakes KW - S-waves KW - baseline studies KW - 19:Seismology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1549621086?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Production+and+injection+induced+changes+at+The+Geysers+geothermal+field%2C+CA%2C+USA&rft.au=Gritto%2C+R%3BJarpe%2C+S%3BBoyle%2C+K+L%3BHutchings%2C+L+J%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Gritto&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=2011&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2011 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2014, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2014-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2014-07-31 N1 - CODEN - #07548 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - baseline studies; body waves; California; earthquakes; elastic waves; geothermal fields; induced earthquakes; injection; reservoir properties; S-waves; seismic risk; seismic waves; seismicity; The Geysers; United States; velocity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Near-real time, high resolution reservoir monitoring and modeling with micro-earthquake data AN - 1549620134; 2014-056881 AB - We present a micro-earthquake recording and automated processing system along with a methodology to provide near-real time, high resolution reservoir monitoring and modeling. An interactive program for testing micro-earthquake network designs helps identify configurations for optimum accuracy and resolution. We select the Northwest Geysers, California geothermal field to showcase the usefulness of the system. The system's inexpensive recorders requires very little time or expertise to install, and the automated processing requires merely placing flash memory chips (or telemetry) into a computer. Together these make the deployment of a large numbers of sensors feasible and thus rapid, high resolution results possible. Data are arranged into input files for tomography for Vp, Vs, Qp and Qs, and their combinations to provide for interpretation in terms of rock properties. Micro-earthquake source parameters include seismic moments, full moment tensor solutions, stress drops, source durations, radiated energy, and hypocentral locations. The methodology for interpretation is to utilize visualization with GUI analysis to cross compare tomography and source property results along with borehole or other independent information and rock physics to identify reservoir properties. The system can potentially provide information heretofore unattainable or affordable to many small companies, organizations, and countries around the world. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Hutchings, L J AU - Jarpe, S AU - Boyle, K L AU - Bonner, B P AU - Viegas, G AU - Philson, H AU - Statz-Boyer, P AU - Majer, E AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - December 2011 SP - Abstract S41D EP - 02 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2011 KW - United States KW - tomography KW - monitoring KW - data processing KW - models KW - California KW - geothermal fields KW - The Geysers KW - reservoir properties KW - seismic networks KW - microearthquakes KW - earthquakes KW - 19:Seismology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1549620134?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Near-real+time%2C+high+resolution+reservoir+monitoring+and+modeling+with+micro-earthquake+data&rft.au=Hutchings%2C+L+J%3BJarpe%2C+S%3BBoyle%2C+K+L%3BBonner%2C+B+P%3BViegas%2C+G%3BPhilson%2C+H%3BStatz-Boyer%2C+P%3BMajer%2C+E%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Hutchings&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=2011&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2011 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2014, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2014-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2014-07-31 N1 - CODEN - #07548 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - California; data processing; earthquakes; geothermal fields; microearthquakes; models; monitoring; reservoir properties; seismic networks; The Geysers; tomography; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimation of induced seismicity frequency-magnitude distributions related to fluid injection AN - 1549620039; 2014-056865 AB - Risks associated with induced seismicity (IS) are a significant factor in the design, permitting and operation of enhanced geothermal, geological CO (sub 2) sequestration and other fluid injection projects. The probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) framework that is in widespread use to estimate hazard from naturally occurring earthquakes cannot be applied to IS without adaptations to address the differences between induced and natural seismicity. In particular, the normal PSHA assumption of stationary Poissonian statistics to describe seismic event occurrence are often shown to be invalid in engineered systems, as evidenced both by field observations and by theoretical considerations of the time- and space-dependent pore pressure perturbation of the reservoir. Here we discuss a physics-based approach to adapt conventional PSHA to provide the basis for IS risk analysis before the start of injection and to enable risk estimates to be progressively updated as data are gathered during and after injection. For the pre-injection analysis, earthquake frequency-magnitude distributions are generated by a numerical model that explicitly represents the known geologic structure within the vicinity of the reservoir. To illustrate the approach, we focus our analysis on CO (sub 2) sequestration applications. Using a realistic fault geometry, a von Karman spatial distribution of the coefficient of friction is generated along the fault surface using a flexible, hierarchical (quad-tree) representation. The fault geometry is then meshed and a far-field, constant strain rate boundary condition is applied to mimic regional tectonic loading. Pore pressure perturbations are derived from multi-phase simulations of CO (sub 2) plume evolution in the reservoir and used as a source function. The fault geometry, boundary conditions and pore pressure source term are then used in an alternating event-driven, explicit numerical simulation framework to generate the seismic sources and to evolve the stress distribution over the fault plane. In such an approach, the highest observable frequency is limited by the mesh element size. We evaluate parameter sensitivity by sampling multiple model realizations in order to explore reduced order models that enable fast calculation of the system response. The framework as well as the preliminary illustration of its application will be presented along with commentary on the benefits and drawbacks of the approach. This work performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Johnson, S AU - Foxall, W AU - Hutchings, L J AU - Savy, J B AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - December 2011 SP - Abstract S41C EP - 2195 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2011 KW - magnitude-frequency ratio KW - carbon sequestration KW - geologic hazards KW - strain KW - statistical analysis KW - friction KW - fluid injection KW - geothermal systems KW - seismicity KW - seismic risk KW - natural hazards KW - induced earthquakes KW - earthquakes KW - faults KW - 19:Seismology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1549620039?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Estimation+of+induced+seismicity+frequency-magnitude+distributions+related+to+fluid+injection&rft.au=Johnson%2C+S%3BFoxall%2C+W%3BHutchings%2C+L+J%3BSavy%2C+J+B%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=2011&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2011 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2014, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2014-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2014-07-31 N1 - CODEN - #07548 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - carbon sequestration; earthquakes; faults; fluid injection; friction; geologic hazards; geothermal systems; induced earthquakes; magnitude-frequency ratio; natural hazards; seismic risk; seismicity; statistical analysis; strain ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The influence of stress transfer in naturally fractured rock on injection-induced fracture reactivation AN - 1545409706; 2014-054187 AB - Although fluid-injection experiments in fractures and faults have shown that a change in fluid pressure level can be accompanied by seismic events, no simple relationship was established between the injection rates and seismicity. Reasons for the difficulties in capturing such relationships are mainly (1) the lack of in situ experiments with accurate seismic hypocenters location and fluid-induced-poroelastic deformations monitoring, and (2) the simple Mohr-Coulomb type arguments that can hardly capture complexities of geomechanical nature. We performed a step-rate hydraulic injection experiment in a borehole drilled from an underground gallery at 250 m-depth in a naturally fractured limestone layer, to investigate the coupling relationships between induced seismicity and fracture permeability changes. A factor-of-3 increase in fracture permeability was inferred from injection data and associated with approximately 100 triggered seismic events (-5 < Mw < -3) located along fractures in the rock volume outside the injection zone. Both normal opening of the fluid-injected fracture and the associated tilt of the gallery wall, located 3 m apart from the injection, displayed partly inelastic behavior characterized by irreversible deformations (amounting to about 1/3 to 1/2 of the maximum measured deformations). Finally, using a plane-strain finite-difference numerical analysis, we showed that (1) the observed seismicity is caused by shear failure of weak zones subjected to stress transfer from the injection zone into the surrounding fractured layer, and (2) the softening of the layer's strength properties strongly influences the injected fracture slip and increase in permeability. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Guglielmi, Y AU - Cappa, F AU - Rutqvist, J AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - December 2011 SP - Abstract S33A EP - 2304 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2011 KW - limestone KW - shear stress KW - numerical analysis KW - finite difference analysis KW - stress KW - fractures KW - fluid injection KW - sedimentary rocks KW - seismicity KW - naturally fractured reservoirs KW - focus KW - seismic networks KW - carbonate rocks KW - earthquakes KW - permeability KW - 16:Structural geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1545409706?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=The+influence+of+stress+transfer+in+naturally+fractured+rock+on+injection-induced+fracture+reactivation&rft.au=Guglielmi%2C+Y%3BCappa%2C+F%3BRutqvist%2C+J%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Guglielmi&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=2011&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2011 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2014, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2014-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2014-07-17 N1 - CODEN - #07548 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - carbonate rocks; earthquakes; finite difference analysis; fluid injection; focus; fractures; limestone; naturally fractured reservoirs; numerical analysis; permeability; sedimentary rocks; seismic networks; seismicity; shear stress; stress ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Temporal velocity variations beneath the Coso geothermal field observed using seismic double difference tomography of compressional and shear wave arrival times AN - 1545409549; 2014-054200 AB - Microseismic imaging can be an important tool for characterizing geothermal reservoirs. Since microseismic sources occur more or less continuously due to the operations of a geothermal plant and the naturally occurring background seismicity, passive seismic monitoring is well suited for quantifying the temporal variations in reservoir properties that occur within the geothermal reservoir during production. In this study we will use microseismic data recorded between 1996 and 2008 to investigate the temporal variations in seismic velocity below the Coso geothermal field in California. In this study we will apply the double difference tomography method to simultaneously locate a suite of microseismic events and determine the compressional and shear wave velocity as well as their ratio. The double-difference method uses both absolute and relative arrival times of earthquakes measured at the same station, which allows a more precise determination of the relative locations of earthquakes. In particular, we apply a cross-correlation technique to improve the measurement of relative traveltimes. The large number of microearthquakes observed between 1996 and 2008 allows us to characterize subsurface velocity and to investigate changes in velocity that accompany production from the geothermal reservoir. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Seher, T AU - Zhang, H AU - Fehler, M C AU - Newman, G A AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - December 2011 SP - Abstract S33B EP - 04 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2011 KW - velocity analysis KW - United States KW - tomography KW - P-waves KW - body waves KW - imagery KW - monitoring KW - microseismic methods KW - Coso Hot Springs KGRA KW - geophysical methods KW - elastic waves KW - seismic methods KW - California KW - geothermal fields KW - Inyo County California KW - geothermal reservoirs KW - seismicity KW - velocity KW - seismic waves KW - S-waves KW - 20:Applied geophysics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1545409549?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Temporal+velocity+variations+beneath+the+Coso+geothermal+field+observed+using+seismic+double+difference+tomography+of+compressional+and+shear+wave+arrival+times&rft.au=Seher%2C+T%3BZhang%2C+H%3BFehler%2C+M+C%3BNewman%2C+G+A%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Seher&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=2011&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2011 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2014, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2014-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2014-07-17 N1 - CODEN - #07548 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - body waves; California; Coso Hot Springs KGRA; elastic waves; geophysical methods; geothermal fields; geothermal reservoirs; imagery; Inyo County California; microseismic methods; monitoring; P-waves; S-waves; seismic methods; seismic waves; seismicity; tomography; United States; velocity; velocity analysis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Homogenization of electromagnetic and seismic wavefields for joint inverse modeling AN - 1492586086; 2014-005080 AB - A significant obstacle in developing a robust joint imaging technology exploiting seismic and electromagnetic (EM) wave fields is the resolution at which these different geophysical measurements sense the subsurface. Imaging of seismic reflection data is an order of magnitude finer in resolution and scale compared to images produced with EM data. A consistent joint image of the subsurface geophysical attributes (velocity, electrical conductivity) requires/demands the different geophysical data types be similar in their resolution of the subsurface. The superior resolution of seismic data results from the fact that the energy propagates as a wave, while propagation of EM energy is diffusive and attenuates with distance. On the other hand, the complexity of the seismic wave field can be a significant problem due to high reflectivity of the subsurface and the generation of multiple scattering events. While seismic wave fields have been very useful in mapping the subsurface for energy resources, too much scattering and too many reflections can lead to difficulties in imaging and interpreting seismic data. To overcome these obstacles a formulation for joint imaging of seismic and EM wave fields is introduced, where each data type is matched in resolution. In order to accomplish this, seismic data are first transformed into the Laplace-Fourier Domain, which changes the modeling of the seismic wave field from wave propagation to diffusion. Though high frequency information (reflectivity) is lost with this transformation, several benefits follow: (1) seismic and EM data can be easily matched in resolution, governed by the same physics of diffusion, (2) standard least squares inversion works well with diffusive type problems including both transformed seismic and EM, (3) joint imaging of seismic and EM data may produce better starting velocity models critical for successful reverse time migration or full waveform imaging of seismic data (non transformed) and (4) possibilities to image across multiple scale lengths, incorporating different types of geophysical data and attributes in the process. Important numerical details of 3D seismic wave field simulation in the Laplace-Fourier domain for both acoustic and elastic cases will also be discussed. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Newman, G A AU - Commer, M AU - Petrov, P AU - Um, E S AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - December 2011 SP - Abstract GP34A EP - 02 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2011 KW - reflection KW - homogenization KW - statistical analysis KW - geophysical methods KW - data processing KW - inverse problem KW - elastic waves KW - wave fields KW - Laplace transformations KW - seismic methods KW - least-squares analysis KW - models KW - Fourier analysis KW - electromagnetic methods KW - seismic waves KW - electromagnetic field KW - 20:Applied geophysics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1492586086?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Homogenization+of+electromagnetic+and+seismic+wavefields+for+joint+inverse+modeling&rft.au=Newman%2C+G+A%3BCommer%2C+M%3BPetrov%2C+P%3BUm%2C+E+S%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Newman&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=2011&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2011 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2014, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2014-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2014-01-30 N1 - CODEN - #07548 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - data processing; elastic waves; electromagnetic field; electromagnetic methods; Fourier analysis; geophysical methods; homogenization; inverse problem; Laplace transformations; least-squares analysis; models; reflection; seismic methods; seismic waves; statistical analysis; wave fields ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Microscopic framework for modeling the co-dependence of calcite growth kinetics and impurity uptake AN - 1316426407; 638271-41 AB - Calcite precipitation in the presence of impurities exhibits a wide variety of behaviors from a classical exponential decrease in growth rate (i.e. phosphate inhibition) to a strongly nonlinear decrease in growth rate (i.e. growth inhibition by strontium) with increasing impurity concentration. If the specific chemical behavior of the impurity is accounted for, these diverse growth rate behaviors may be modeled using modified kink creation-propagation-collision (CPC) theory. Impurities may be divided into two distinct categories: those that remain on the mineral surface, and those that incorporate into the mineral bulk. Trace elements such as strontium and magnesium fall into the latter category, as they partition into calcite as the mineral grows, while large molecules such as poly-aspartate and phosphate are too large to fit into the calcite lattice. Using a modified kink CPC model, specific adsorption of impurity molecules to kink sites can be shown to cause an exponential decline in precipitation rate provided the impurity cannot be appreciably incorporated into the mineral. If the impurity is assumed to assimilate into the mineral at a slightly different rate than the constituent ions (i.e. Ca (super 2+) and CO (sub 3) (super 2-) ), and if the increased solubility of the trace element-calcite solid solution is accounted for, both the linear decrease in growth rate caused by magnesium uptake and Mg partitioning behavior may be modeled. The partitioning behavior of strontium as well as its effect on calcite precipitation rate has long been difficult to model accurately. If strontium uptake is assumed to increase the solubility of calcite as in the case of magnesium, and if the attachment of strontium ions directly along the step edge is accounted for, both the partitioning behavior of Sr and the resulting calcite growth rate behavior may be modeled. Because the solvation free energy of Sr (super 2+) is less than that of Ca (super 2+) , it is reasonable to assume that strontium ions can attach via 1D nucleation directly to the calcite step edge with greater frequency than calcium. Only by invoking this 1D nucleation mechanism can the increased partitioning of strontium into calcite with increasing growth rate be explained. The CPC model elucidates the microscopic mechanisms underlying the observed growth rate dependence of trace element partitioning, and provides for the first time a framework for modeling the impurity dependence of mineral precipitation rates for a wide array of chemical impurities. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Nielsen, L C AU - DePaolo, D J AU - DeYoreo, J Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - December 2011 SP - Abstract PP41A EP - 1725 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2011 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1316426407?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefinprocess&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Microscopic+framework+for+modeling+the+co-dependence+of+calcite+growth+kinetics+and+impurity+uptake&rft.au=Nielsen%2C+L+C%3BDePaolo%2C+D+J%3BDeYoreo%2C+J&rft.aulast=Nielsen&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=2011&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2011 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef in Process, Copyright 2017, American Geosciences Institute. After editing and indexing, this record will be added to Georef. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-24 N1 - CODEN - #07548 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mapping proxy sensitivity: A new technique for compositional analysis of cultured biominerals and inorganically precipitated materials AN - 1316424072; 638271-49 AB - Mineral composition is controlled by a host of environmental factors during precipitation. To build accurate paleo-reconstructions we need to separate the impact of each parameter on proxy behavior and use these data to build a chemical-scale understanding of mineral growth. Biomineral culture and inorganic precipitation experiments, where growth parameters can be manipulated independently, are uniquely suited to calibrate proxies and probe mechanism. Culture and precipitation experiments often involve overgrowth of an initial material. For example, seed crystals are used to control mineralogy and avoid nucleation during inorganic precipitation, while culture experiments in marine organisms typically start with wild specimens. New growth corresponding to the experimental conditions must be resolved from the initial material. Separation is typically achieved using microanalysis, skeletal dissection, or estimates of the initial mass and composition. Each approach imposes limits on the accuracy, precision or types of materials that can be analyzed. Slow growth rates and complicated geometries can make these techniques especially challenging when applied to biominerals. We present a method of compositional analysis for use in biological culture and inorganic growth experiments that overcomes many of these challenges. This method relies on growth in a mixed element stable isotope spike, requires neither the initial mass nor the initial composition to be known, harnesses the precision and sensitivity of bulk analysis, and applies even when it is impossible to physically identify newly grown material. Error analysis suggests this method can significantly improve the precision of metal/calcium measurements in experimentally grown material compared to current methods. Furthermore, the method can isolate different events through time, separating, for example, the impact of day and night cycles on biomineral composition. We will present metal/calcium ratios measured using the new method with living planktic foraminifera that were cultured at The Wrigley Marine Science Center on Santa Catalina Island during summer 2011 and compare our approach to other micro-analytical techniques. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Gagnon, A C AU - DePaolo, D J AU - DeYoreo, J AU - Spero, H J AU - Russell, A D Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - December 2011 SP - Abstract PP41A EP - 1733 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2011 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1316424072?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefinprocess&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Mapping+proxy+sensitivity%3A+A+new+technique+for+compositional+analysis+of+cultured+biominerals+and+inorganically+precipitated+materials&rft.au=Gagnon%2C+A+C%3BDePaolo%2C+D+J%3BDeYoreo%2C+J%3BSpero%2C+H+J%3BRussell%2C+A+D&rft.aulast=Gagnon&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=2011&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2011 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef in Process, Copyright 2017, American Geosciences Institute. After editing and indexing, this record will be added to Georef. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-24 N1 - CODEN - #07548 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - How relevant is chemical recalcitrance for predicting climatic effects on mineral soil carbon stocks? AN - 1282823964; 2013-015177 AB - The role of chemical recalcitrance in mediating the effect of warming on soil carbon stocks has been a focus of research efforts aimed toward the larger goal of prediction of carbon loss from soils in the 21st century. Arrhenius kinetics provides a theoretical basis for the prediction that reaction of chemically recalcitrant carbon compounds (those with higher activation energy) should be more temperature sensitive than compounds with faster turnover rates (lower activation energy). This relationship has even been integrated into models of soil carbon dynamics. However, since chemically recalcitrant compounds have, by definition, slower turnover rates, their response to warming should ultimately be far smaller than those of faster turnover compounds in terms of overall respiratory loss (Sierra 2011). Regardless of the relative temperature sensitivity of recalcitrant soil carbon, it remains an open question how important enhanced decomposition of chemically recalcitrant carbon in mineral soils is for potential feedbacks between warming and soil carbon stocks. To lend insight to this question, we present a series of incubation warming experiments with soils from two forest Free Air CO (sub 2) Enrichment (FACE) sites. Because of the distinct carbon isotope (radiocarbon free) signature of the CO (sub 2) fumigation gas, soil carbon in elevated CO (sub 2) plots has incorporated a decade of labeled carbon. By measuring the radiocarbon signature of flux, which reflects FACE label carbon in CO (sub 2) elevated plots, and the atmospheric history of radiocarbon in CO (sub 2) control plots, we attributed warming-induced increases in flux rates to soil carbon pools of different ages. Much of our knowledge about decomposition of recalcitrant compounds comes from litter decomposition, where chemical recalcitrance is the presumed control on decomposition rates. By comparing the response of litter and mineral soils to warming, we infer the role of chemical recalcitrance in mineral soils. Flux rates from both organic and mineral soils were initially stimulated by warming, but diminished in time for the organic soils, and not for mineral soils. These data suggest different long term decomposition controls on mineral soil carbon, which may be more temperature sensitive than those acting on litter carbon over the long term. In addition, the (super 14) C signature of respiration suggests an increase in loss of older carbon with warming in mineral soils, but not in organic soils. The absence of change in Delta (super 14) C respired by organic soils suggests that the change in mineral soils is likely due to a factor other than recalcitrance. While the effects of warming on chemically recalcitrant carbon may play a role in the short term response, it is not likely contributing to the long term stimulation of fluxes from mineral soils. Ultimately, to predict the response of carbon stocks to warming, we need a more detailed understanding of the processes controlling soil carbon stabilization in mineral soils. While chemical recalcitrance may play a limited role, we need to acknowledge and account for other stabilization pathways. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Hopkins, F M AU - Torn, M S AU - Trumbore, S AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - December 2011 SP - Abstract B21K EP - 03 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2011 KW - soils KW - climate change KW - temperature KW - geochemical cycle KW - carbon dioxide KW - mineral composition KW - carbon KW - climate effects KW - theoretical models KW - carbon cycle KW - chemical composition KW - kinetics KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1282823964?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=How+relevant+is+chemical+recalcitrance+for+predicting+climatic+effects+on+mineral+soil+carbon+stocks%3F&rft.au=Hopkins%2C+F+M%3BTorn%2C+M+S%3BTrumbore%2C+S%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Hopkins&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=2011&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2011 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2014, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2013-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2014-09-18 N1 - CODEN - #07548 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - carbon; carbon cycle; carbon dioxide; chemical composition; climate change; climate effects; geochemical cycle; kinetics; mineral composition; soils; temperature; theoretical models ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prospecting for natural attenuation: Coupled geophysical-biogeochemical studies at DOE's Rifle IFRC site AN - 1008851877; 638157-60 AB - Research activities at the Rifle Integrated Field Research Challenge (IFRC) site in Rifle, Colorado (USA) are designed to integrate geochemical, biological, and hydrological studies to enhance our understanding of subsurface uranium mobility. While much of the research activities at the site have focused on stimulating subsurface microbial activity through acetate amendment, there is growing interest in the role that natural biogeochemical processes play in constraining uranium mobility in the aquifer. Such processes constitute a form of natural uranium attenuation in the subsurface and are inferred to result from elevated concentrations of natural organic matter associated with alluvial sediments. Referred to as naturally reduced zones (NRZ's), they are characterized by the presence of reduced and/or magnetic mineral phases (e.g. FeS, FeS (sub 2) , and Fe (sub 3) O (sub 4) ), elevated Fe(II), and refractory organic carbon compounds (e.g. roots, twigs, and cones). Elevated rates of microbial activity associated with NRZ's and their mineralogical makeup act to sequester uranium from groundwater at levels higher that background alluvium. Their unique composition within a matrix of relatively oxidized, low-bioactivity sediments constitutes a potential target for a variety of exploration geophysical techniques, such as induced polarization and magnetic susceptibility. Both methods have been successfully applied at the Rifle IFRC site to delineate the ubiquity and extent of NRZ's across the floodplain. Sediments recovered from drilling targets identified through the use of exploration geophysical techniques have identified elevated uranium concentrations associated with both magnetite and framboid pyrite; however, the extent to which such minerals are the direct product of in situ microbial activity remains unknown. While diverse, the microbial community composition of NRZ's suggest dominance by fermentative organisms capable of degrading lignitic carbon to low molecular weight organic compounds and molecular hydrogen, the oxidation of which may be coupled to the reductive immobilization of aqueous uranium by a variety of indigenous microorganism (e.g. Geobacter sp.). The ability to utilize geophysical techniques to assess a site's prospects for natural attenuation thus constitutes an exciting new development in the emerging field of biogeophysics. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Williams, K H AU - Kukkadapu, R K AU - Long, P E AU - Flores Orozco, A AU - Kemna, A Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - December 2011 SP - Abstract B23D EP - 01 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2011 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1008851877?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefinprocess&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Prospecting+for+natural+attenuation%3A+Coupled+geophysical-biogeochemical+studies+at+DOE%27s+Rifle+IFRC+site&rft.au=Williams%2C+K+H%3BKukkadapu%2C+R+K%3BLong%2C+P+E%3BFlores+Orozco%2C+A%3BKemna%2C+A&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=2011&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2011 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef in Process, Copyright 2017, American Geosciences Institute. After editing and indexing, this record will be added to Georef. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-24 N1 - CODEN - #07548 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of poorly crystalline metal oxides on soil organic matter stability in four eastern deciduous forest soils AN - 1008851268; 638157-117 AB - Association with mineral surfaces is suggested as one mechanism underlying the long-term stabilization of organic matter in soils. Several recent studies have demonstrated a positive correlation between short range ordered soil Fe and Al concentrations and soil OM or radiocarbon based residence time. The positive correlation between poorly crystalline Fe and Al and (super 14) C-based residence times suggests that mineral associated OM persists over much longer time scales. Suggested mechanisms include encapsulation within iron oxide microaggregate structures or adsorption to highly reactive metal oxide mineral surfaces both of which have been shown to reduce the bioavailabilty of toxicant species in soil and aquatic environments. We utilized radiocarbon measurements coupled with selective chemical dissolution techniques to investigate the relationship between the concentration of short range order Fe and Al oxides and the stability of soil organic matter across four deciduous forest sites in the eastern U.S.comprising three different soil orders. Preliminary results indicate that SRO Fe and Al slow the turnover of SOM, with a significant linear relationship between computed radiocarbon turnover time and SRO Al and Fe overall (R (super 2) = 0.60,P=0.0001,CL=95%). Piecewise regression analysis on turnover time vs. metal oxide concentration for all four sites shows an apparent metal oxide threshold value at 5g kg (super -1) . Sites with SRO Al and Fe content below this value showed no statistically significant influence on SOM stability presumably because they are present in insufficient quantity to exert a measureable influence on the decomposability of organic inputs. Among individual sites, Harvard Forest had the highest extractable metal oxide concentrations and exhibited the strongest influence of SRO Fe and Al oxides on (super 14) C based turnover times (R (super 2) =0.91, P=0.0001,CL=95%); in this soil, poorly crystalline metal oxides are quantitatively important in stabilizing organic inputs against decomposition. Although more fundamental geochemical research will be necessary to obtain a truly mechanistic description of the specific processes responsible for organic matter stabilization in soil, an empirical approach consisting of selective chemical dissolution coupled with (super 14) C measurements does permit useful insights into the relationship between SOM stability and SRO metal oxide content for the soils under study which may in turn be used to inform model parameterizations. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Porras, R C AU - Torn, M S AU - McFarlane, K J Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - December 2011 SP - Abstract B31A EP - 0317 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2011 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1008851268?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefinprocess&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Influence+of+poorly+crystalline+metal+oxides+on+soil+organic+matter+stability+in+four+eastern+deciduous+forest+soils&rft.au=Porras%2C+R+C%3BTorn%2C+M+S%3BMcFarlane%2C+K+J&rft.aulast=Porras&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=2011&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2011 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef in Process, Copyright 2017, American Geosciences Institute. After editing and indexing, this record will be added to Georef. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-24 N1 - CODEN - #07548 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A radiocarbon database for improving understanding of global soil carbon dynamics: part I AN - 1008851258; 638157-113 AB - Soils play a large role in the global carbon cycle, but soil carbon stocks and dynamics remain highly uncertain. Radiocarbon (14C) observations from soils and soil respiration provide one of the only ways to infer terrestrial carbon turnover times or to test ecosystem carbon models. Although a wealth of such observations exists, they are scattered in small data sets held by individual researchers, and have not been compiled in a form easy to use for multi-site analysis, global assessments, or model testing. Here we introduce a new, global radiocarbon database that will synthesize datasets from multiple contributors to facilitate research on three broad questions: (1) What are current patterns of soil carbon dynamics, and what factors influence these patterns? (2) What is the sequestration capacity of different soils? (3) What are likely impacts of global change on the soil resource? (4) How well do models represent important carbon cycle processes, and how can they be improved? In addition to assembling data in a common format for analyses, this database will offer query capabilities and the ability to combine data with gridded global products, such as temporally resolved temperature and precipitation, NPP and GPP, and a climate-based decomposition index. Some of the near-term synthesis goals include analyzing depth profiles of 14C for across gradients in ecosystem state factors (climate, organisms, relief, parent material, time, and human influence) and soil orders; mapping surface-soil 14C values on soil temperature and moisture; and comparing soil carbon turnover times to NPP and soil carbon stocks. We are currently incorporating data from 18 contributors and six continents, with 14C measurements from soils representing nine soil orders, plant and microbial tissues, and respiration fluxes. Our intention is to grow the database and make it available to a wide community of scientists. For example, observations for different disturbance, experimental treatment, or land-use regimes are sought. This presentation will introduce modelers, other data users, and potential new data contributors to this valuable resource for evaluating terrestrial carbon dynamics and responses to global change. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Torn, M S AU - Trumbore, S AU - Smith, L J AU - Nave, L E AU - Sierra, C A AU - Harden, J W AU - Agarwal, D AU - van Ingen, C Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - December 2011 SP - Abstract B31A EP - 0310 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2011 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1008851258?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefinprocess&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=A+radiocarbon+database+for+improving+understanding+of+global+soil+carbon+dynamics%3A+part+I&rft.au=Torn%2C+M+S%3BTrumbore%2C+S%3BSmith%2C+L+J%3BNave%2C+L+E%3BSierra%2C+C+A%3BHarden%2C+J+W%3BAgarwal%2C+D%3Bvan+Ingen%2C+C&rft.aulast=Torn&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=2011&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2011 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef in Process, Copyright 2017, American Geosciences Institute. After editing and indexing, this record will be added to Georef. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-24 N1 - CODEN - #07548 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Thermoelectric properties of lead chalcogenide core-shell nanostructures. AN - 905872487; 21981245 AB - We present the full thermoelectric characterization of nanostructured bulk PbTe and PbTe-PbSe samples fabricated from colloidal core-shell nanoparticles followed by spark plasma sintering. An unusually large thermopower is found in both materials, and the possibility of energy filtering as opposed to grain boundary scattering as an explanation is discussed. A decreased Debye temperature and an increased molar specific heat are in accordance with recent predictions for nanostructured materials. On the basis of these results we propose suitable core-shell material combinations for future thermoelectric materials of large electric conductivities in combination with an increased thermopower by energy filtering. JF - ACS nano AU - Scheele, Marcus AU - Oeschler, Niels AU - Veremchuk, Igor AU - Peters, Sven-Ole AU - Littig, Alexander AU - Kornowski, Andreas AU - Klinke, Christian AU - Weller, Horst AD - Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany. mscheele@lbl.gov Y1 - 2011/11/22/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Nov 22 SP - 8541 EP - 8551 VL - 5 IS - 11 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/905872487?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ACS+nano&rft.atitle=Thermoelectric+properties+of+lead+chalcogenide+core-shell+nanostructures.&rft.au=Scheele%2C+Marcus%3BOeschler%2C+Niels%3BVeremchuk%2C+Igor%3BPeters%2C+Sven-Ole%3BLittig%2C+Alexander%3BKornowski%2C+Andreas%3BKlinke%2C+Christian%3BWeller%2C+Horst&rft.aulast=Scheele&rft.aufirst=Marcus&rft.date=2011-11-22&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=8541&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=ACS+nano&rft.issn=1936-086X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Fnn2017183 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2012-03-20 N1 - Date created - 2011-11-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-17 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-22 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nn2017183 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of grassland vegetation type on the responses of hydrological processes to seasonal precipitation patterns AN - 911152144; 15937010 AB - Under future climate scenarios, rainfall patterns and species composition in California grasslands are predicted to change, potentially impacting soil-moisture dynamics and ecosystem function. The primary objective of this study was to assess the impact of altered rainfall on soil-moisture dynamics in three annual grassland vegetation types. We monitored seasonal changes in soil moisture under three different rainfall regimes in mesocosms planted with: (1) a mixed forb-grass community, (2) an Avena barbata monoculture, and (3) an Erodium botrys monoculture. We applied watering treatments in pulses, followed by dry periods that are representative of natural rainfall patterns in California annual grasslands. While rainfall was the dominant treatment, its impact on hydrological processes varied over the growing season. Surprisingly, there were only small differences in the hydrologic response among the three vegetation types. We found significant temporal variability in evapotranspiration, seepage, and soil-moisture content. Both Water Use Efficiency (WUE) and Rain Use Efficiency (RUE) decreased as annual precipitation totals increased. Results from this investigation suggest that both precipitation and vegetation have a significant interactive effect on soil-moisture dynamics. When combined, seasonal precipitation and grassland vegetation influence near-surface hydrology in ways that cannot be predicted from manipulation of a single variable. JF - Journal of Hydrology (Amsterdam) AU - Salve, Rohit AU - Sudderth, Erika A AU - St Clair, Samuel B AU - Torn, Margaret S AD - Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States, R_Salve@lbl.gov Y1 - 2011/11/15/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Nov 15 SP - 51 EP - 61 PB - Elsevier B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 410 IS - 1-2 SN - 0022-1694, 0022-1694 KW - Environment Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Rainfall KW - Ecological Effects KW - Climate and vegetation KW - Seasonal precipitation KW - Hydrology KW - Seasonal variations KW - Dry periods KW - Hydrologic analysis KW - Growing season KW - Environmental impact KW - Vegetation KW - Mesocosms KW - Ecosystem disturbance KW - Avena barbata KW - Grasslands KW - Rainfall patterns KW - Soil moisture KW - Variability KW - Water Use Efficiency KW - Climate change KW - Sulfur dioxide KW - USA, California KW - Seepages KW - water use KW - Erodium botrys KW - Temporal variations KW - Precipitation KW - Monoculture KW - seepages KW - Rain KW - Future climates KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - Q2 09171:Dynamics of lakes and rivers KW - SW 0815:Precipitation KW - ENA 15:Renewable Resources-Terrestrial KW - M2 556.13:Evaporation/Evapotranspiration (556.13) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/911152144?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.atitle=Effect+of+grassland+vegetation+type+on+the+responses+of+hydrological+processes+to+seasonal+precipitation+patterns&rft.au=Salve%2C+Rohit%3BSudderth%2C+Erika+A%3BSt+Clair%2C+Samuel+B%3BTorn%2C+Margaret+S&rft.aulast=Salve&rft.aufirst=Rohit&rft.date=2011-11-15&rft.volume=410&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=51&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.issn=00221694&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jhydrol.2011.09.003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-12-01 N1 - Number of references - 1 N1 - Last updated - 2016-07-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temporal variations; Climate change; Environmental impact; Hydrology; Seepages; Monoculture; Seasonal variations; Ecosystem disturbance; Mesocosms; Dry periods; Climate and vegetation; Seasonal precipitation; Growing season; Rainfall patterns; Hydrologic analysis; Precipitation; Soil moisture; Future climates; water use; Grasslands; Sulfur dioxide; Rainfall; Vegetation; seepages; Variability; Water Use Efficiency; Rain; Ecological Effects; Avena barbata; Erodium botrys; USA, California DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.09.003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - X-ray absorption and photoelectron spectroscopic study of the association of As(III) with nanoparticulate FeS and FeS-coated sand AN - 902369795; 15764062 AB - Iron sulfide (FeS) has been demonstrated to have a high removal capacity for arsenic (As) in reducing environments. However, FeS may be present as a coating, rather than in nanoparticulate form, in both natural and engineered systems. Frequently, the removal capacity of coatings may be different than that of nanoparticulates in batch systems. To assess the differences in removal mechanisms between nanoparticulate FeS and FeS present as a coating, the solid phase products from the reaction of As(III) with FeS-coated sand and with suspensions of nanoparticulate (NP) FeS were determined using x-ray absorption spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. In reaction with NP FeS at pH 5, As(III) was reduced to As(II) to form realgar (AsS), while at pH 9, As(III) adsorbed as an As(III) thioarsenite species. In contrast, in the FeS-coated sand system, As(III) formed the solid phase orpiment (As2S3) at pH 5, but adsorbed as an As(III) arsenite species at pH 9. These different solid reaction products are attributed to differences in FeS concentration and the resultant redox (pe) differences in the FeS-coated sand system versus suspensions of NP FeS. These results point to the importance of accounting for differences in concentration and redox when making inferences for coatings based on batch suspension studies. JF - Water Research AU - Han, Young-Soo AU - Jeong, Hoon Y AU - Demond, Avery H AU - Hayes, Kim F AD - Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States, youngsoohan@lbl.gov youngsoohan@lbl.gov youngsoohan@lbl.gov Y1 - 2011/11/01/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Nov 01 SP - 5727 EP - 5735 PB - Elsevier B.V., The Boulevard Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB United Kingdom VL - 45 IS - 17 SN - 0043-1354, 0043-1354 KW - Pollution Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Environment Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Spectroscopy KW - Sulphides KW - X-rays KW - Absorption spectroscopy KW - Sand KW - Absorption KW - pH KW - Redox reactions KW - Arsenic KW - Suspension KW - Coating materials KW - Hydrogen Ion Concentration KW - Solids KW - iron sulfides KW - Coatings KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - P 9999:GENERAL POLLUTION KW - Q5 08502:Methods and instruments KW - SW 6010:Structures KW - ENA 21:Wildlife UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/902369795?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Research&rft.atitle=X-ray+absorption+and+photoelectron+spectroscopic+study+of+the+association+of+As%28III%29+with+nanoparticulate+FeS+and+FeS-coated+sand&rft.au=Han%2C+Young-Soo%3BJeong%2C+Hoon+Y%3BDemond%2C+Avery+H%3BHayes%2C+Kim+F&rft.aulast=Han&rft.aufirst=Young-Soo&rft.date=2011-11-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=17&rft.spage=5727&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Research&rft.issn=00431354&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.watres.2011.08.026 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-11-01 N1 - Number of references - 1 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sulphides; Redox reactions; Arsenic; Absorption spectroscopy; Suspension; Coating materials; iron sulfides; Sand; Absorption; Spectroscopy; pH; Coatings; X-rays; Hydrogen Ion Concentration; Solids DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2011.08.026 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - From carbon to light: a new framework for estimating greenhouse gas emissions reductions from replacing fuel-based lighting with LED systems AN - 899160772; 15690739 AB - There is considerable well-intended, yet wishful anticipation about reducing greenhouse gas emissions by replacing fuel-based lighting in the developing world with grid-independent light-emitting diode (LED) lighting systems. Most estimates gloss over important practical realities that stand to erode a genuinely significant potential. The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is the leading system for quantifying the benefits of such projects in developing countries and embodying them in a market-based platform for trading carbon credits. However, compliance with methodologies for highly decentralized, small-scale energy saving projects currently employed in the CDM is viewed by developers of as onerous, time-consuming, and costly. In recognition of the problem, the CDM has recently placed priority on improved methodologies for estimating carbon dioxide reductions from displacement of fuel-based lighting with energy-efficient alternatives. The over-arching aim is to maintain environmental integrity without stifling sustainable emission-reduction projects and programs in the field. This article informs this process by laying out a new framework that shifts the analytical focus from highly costly yet narrow and uncertain baseline estimations to simplified methods based primarily on deemed values that focus on replacement lighting system quality and performance characteristics. The result-many elements of which have been adopted in a new methodology approved by the CDM-is more structured and rigorous than methodologies used for LED projects in the past and yet simpler to implement, i.e., entailing fewer transaction costs. Applying this new framework, we find that some off-grid lighting technologies can be expected to yield little or no emissions reductions, while well-designed ones, using products independently certified to have high quality and durability, can generate significant reductions. Enfolding quality assurance within the proposed framework will help stem "market spoiling" currently underway in the developing world-caused by the introduction of substandard off-grid lighting products-thereby ensuring carbon reduction additionality (emissions reductions that would have not occurred in the absence of the CDM program). JF - Energy Efficiency AU - Mills, Evan AU - Jacobson, Arne AD - Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA Y1 - 2011/11// PY - 2011 DA - Nov 2011 SP - 523 EP - 546 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 4 IS - 4 SN - 1570-646X, 1570-646X KW - Pollution Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - quality assurance KW - Compliance KW - Energy conservation KW - Lighting KW - Emission control KW - Clean Development Mechanism KW - Emissions KW - Greenhouse gases KW - Carbon dioxide KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/899160772?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Energy+Efficiency&rft.atitle=From+carbon+to+light%3A+a+new+framework+for+estimating+greenhouse+gas+emissions+reductions+from+replacing+fuel-based+lighting+with+LED+systems&rft.au=Mills%2C+Evan%3BJacobson%2C+Arne&rft.aulast=Mills&rft.aufirst=Evan&rft.date=2011-11-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=523&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Energy+Efficiency&rft.issn=1570646X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs12053-011-9121-y LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-03-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - quality assurance; Compliance; Energy conservation; Emissions; Lighting; Emission control; Carbon dioxide; Greenhouse gases; Clean Development Mechanism DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12053-011-9121-y ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Variably saturated flow and multicomponent biogeochemical reactive transport modeling of a uranium bioremediation field experiment AN - 1800390881; 2016-056860 AB - Three-dimensional, coupled variably saturated flow and biogeochemical reactive transport modeling of a 2008 in situ uranium bioremediation field experiment is used to better understand the interplay of transport and biogeochemical reactions controlling uranium behavior under pulsed acetate amendment, seasonal water table variation, spatially variable physical (hydraulic conductivity, porosity) and geochemical (reactive surface area) material properties. While the simulation of the 2008 Big Rusty acetate biostimulation field experiment in Rifle, Colorado was generally consistent with behaviors identified in previous field experiments at the Rifle IFRC site, the additional process and property detail provided several new insights. A principal conclusion from this work is that uranium bioreduction is most effective when acetate, in excess of the sulfate-reducing bacteria demand, is available to the metal-reducing bacteria. The inclusion of an initially small population of slow growing sulfate-reducing bacteria identified in proteomic analyses led to an additional source of Fe(II) from the dissolution of Fe(III) minerals promoted by biogenic sulfide. The falling water table during the experiment significantly reduced the saturated thickness of the aquifer and resulted in reactants and products, as well as unmitigated uranium, in the newly unsaturated vadose zone. High permeability sandy gravel structures resulted in locally high flow rates in the vicinity of injection wells that increased acetate dilution. In downgradient locations, these structures created preferential flow paths for acetate delivery that enhanced local zones of TEAP reactivity and subsidiary reactions. Conversely, smaller transport rates associated with the lower permeability lithofacies (e.g., fine) and vadose zone were shown to limit acetate access and reaction. Once accessed by acetate, however, these same zones limited subsequent acetate dilution and provided longer residence times that resulted in higher concentrations of TEAP reaction products when terminal electron donors and acceptors were not limiting. Finally, facies-based porosity and reactive surface area variations were shown to affect aqueous uranium concentration distributions with localized effects of the fine lithofacies having the largest impact on U(VI) surface complexation. The ability to model the comprehensive biogeochemical reaction network, and spatially and temporally variable processes, properties, and conditions controlling uranium behavior during engineered bioremediation in the naturally complex Rifle IFRC subsurface system required a subsurface simulator that could use the large memory and computational performance of a massively parallel computer. In this case, the eSTOMP simulator, operating on 128 processor cores for 12 h, was used to simulate the 110-day field experiment and 50 days of post-biostimulation behavior. Abstract Copyright (2011) Elsevier, B.V. JF - Journal of Contaminant Hydrology AU - Yabusaki, Steven B AU - Fang, Yilin AU - Williams, Kenneth H AU - Murray, Christopher J AU - Ward, Andy L AU - Dayvault, Richard D AU - Waichler, Scott R AU - Newcomer, Darrell R AU - Spane, Frank A AU - Long, Philip E Y1 - 2011/11/01/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Nov 01 SP - 271 EP - 290 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 126 IS - 3-4 SN - 0169-7722, 0169-7722 KW - United States KW - solute transport KW - Garfield County Colorado KW - unsaturated zone KW - remediation KW - ground water KW - saturated zone KW - Rifle Colorado KW - reactivity KW - mitigation KW - transport KW - reduction KW - water pollution KW - esters KW - experimental studies KW - acetates KW - acid mine drainage KW - three-dimensional models KW - pollutants KW - biochemistry KW - statistical analysis KW - injection KW - pollution KW - geostatistics KW - bioremediation KW - aquifers KW - models KW - water table KW - organic compounds KW - boreholes KW - metals KW - bacteria KW - uranium KW - hydraulic conductivity KW - Colorado KW - sulfides KW - actinides KW - unconfined aquifers KW - field studies KW - 02B:Hydrochemistry KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1800390881?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Contaminant+Hydrology&rft.atitle=Variably+saturated+flow+and+multicomponent+biogeochemical+reactive+transport+modeling+of+a+uranium+bioremediation+field+experiment&rft.au=Yabusaki%2C+Steven+B%3BFang%2C+Yilin%3BWilliams%2C+Kenneth+H%3BMurray%2C+Christopher+J%3BWard%2C+Andy+L%3BDayvault%2C+Richard+D%3BWaichler%2C+Scott+R%3BNewcomer%2C+Darrell+R%3BSpane%2C+Frank+A%3BLong%2C+Philip+E&rft.aulast=Yabusaki&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft.date=2011-11-01&rft.volume=126&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=271&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Contaminant+Hydrology&rft.issn=01697722&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jconhyd.2011.09.002 L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01697722 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from CAPCAS, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands N1 - Date revised - 2016-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 50 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables, sketch map N1 - SuppNotes - Includes appendices N1 - Last updated - 2016-06-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - acetates; acid mine drainage; actinides; aquifers; bacteria; biochemistry; bioremediation; boreholes; Colorado; esters; experimental studies; field studies; Garfield County Colorado; geostatistics; ground water; hydraulic conductivity; injection; metals; mitigation; models; organic compounds; pollutants; pollution; reactivity; reduction; remediation; Rifle Colorado; saturated zone; solute transport; statistical analysis; sulfides; three-dimensional models; transport; unconfined aquifers; United States; unsaturated zone; uranium; water pollution; water table DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2011.09.002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rationally Designed, Three-Dimensional Carbon Nanotube Back-Contacts for Efficient Solar Devices AN - 1770374012; 20315247 AB - Structure matters in solar-to-fuel conversion efficiency, demonstrated for TiO sub(2) coated onto designed three-dimensional (3-D) carbon nanofiber scaffolds. Performance enhancement of up to three times compared to flat films can be mostly attributed to structurally-enhanced carrier collection and photon management processes. Using 3-D templates to balance light absorption depth and carrier collection can lead to a new class of high efficiency and cheap energy conversion devices. JF - Advanced Energy Materials AU - Pint, Cary L AU - Takei, Kuniharu AU - Kapadia, Rehan AU - Zheng, Maxwell AU - Ford, Alexandra C AU - Zhang, Junjun AU - Jamshidi, Arash AU - Bardhan, Rizia AU - Urban, Jeffrey J AU - Wu, Ming AU - Ager, Joel W AU - Oye, Michael M AU - Javey, Ali AD - Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.Material Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Y1 - 2011/11// PY - 2011 DA - November 2011 SP - 1040 EP - 1045 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, Baffins Lane Chichester W. Sussex PO19 1UD United Kingdom VL - 1 IS - 6 SN - 1614-6832, 1614-6832 KW - Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts (MT); Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); Electronics and Communications Abstracts (EA); ANTE: Abstracts in New Technologies and Engineering (AN); Aerospace & High Technology Database (AH) KW - Three dimensional KW - Collection KW - Carbon nanotubes KW - Titanium dioxide KW - Photons KW - Carriers KW - Devices KW - Conversion coating KW - Yes:(AN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1770374012?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advanced+Energy+Materials&rft.atitle=Rationally+Designed%2C+Three-Dimensional+Carbon+Nanotube+Back-Contacts+for+Efficient+Solar+Devices&rft.au=Pint%2C+Cary+L%3BTakei%2C+Kuniharu%3BKapadia%2C+Rehan%3BZheng%2C+Maxwell%3BFord%2C+Alexandra+C%3BZhang%2C+Junjun%3BJamshidi%2C+Arash%3BBardhan%2C+Rizia%3BUrban%2C+Jeffrey+J%3BWu%2C+Ming%3BAger%2C+Joel+W%3BOye%2C+Michael+M%3BJavey%2C+Ali&rft.aulast=Pint&rft.aufirst=Cary&rft.date=2011-11-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1040&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advanced+Energy+Materials&rft.issn=16146832&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Faenm.201100436 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-03-04 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201100436 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Neutron-Production Yields from 400 MeV/Nucleon Iron Stopping in Carbon, Aluminum, Copper, and Lead Targets AN - 1671256563; 16121857 AB - Double-differential neutron yields from 400 MeV/nucleon (56)Fe stopping in C, Al, Cu, and Pb targets are reported, along with Particle and Heavy Ion Transport Code System (PHITS) transport model calculations of the data. The yields were measured at 90, 120, and 160 deg in all four systems. Neutron energies were measured from 1 to 2 MeV up to a few hundred mega-electron-volts. The data augment previous measurements made by Kurosawa et al. that were reported for angles between 0 and 90 deg. The measurements for each target were made at two different target orientations, resulting in two different thicknesses of target that neutrons had to traverse before reaching the neutron detectors. The differences in the spectra between two different target orientations are due to neutron transport through the target and as such provide an interesting test of transport model calculations. The data indicate that PHITS reproduces the effects of neutron transport very well but may overestimate neutron production between energies of 10 to 50 MeV in some cases. JF - Nuclear Science and Engineering AU - Heilbronn, L AU - Zeitlin, C J AU - Iwata, Y AU - Murakami, T AU - Nakamura, T AU - Yonaif, S AU - Ronningen, R M AU - Iwase, H AD - University of Tennessee, 214 Pasqua Engineering Building Knoxville, Tennessee 37996 LHHeilbronn@LBL.gov Y1 - 2011/11// PY - 2011 DA - Nov 2011 SP - 279 EP - 289 PB - American Nuclear Society, Inc., 555 N. Kensington Ave. La Grange Park IL 60525 United States VL - 169 IS - 3 SN - 0029-5639, 0029-5639 KW - Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts (MT); Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); Electronics and Communications Abstracts (EA); CSA / ASCE Civil Engineering Abstracts (CE); Aluminium Industry Abstracts (AI) KW - Orientation KW - Mathematical models KW - Carbon KW - Transport KW - Aluminum KW - Copper KW - Spectra KW - Nucleons UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1671256563?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nuclear+Science+and+Engineering&rft.atitle=Neutron-Production+Yields+from+400+MeV%2FNucleon+Iron+Stopping+in+Carbon%2C+Aluminum%2C+Copper%2C+and+Lead+Targets&rft.au=Heilbronn%2C+L%3BZeitlin%2C+C+J%3BIwata%2C+Y%3BMurakami%2C+T%3BNakamura%2C+T%3BYonaif%2C+S%3BRonningen%2C+R+M%3BIwase%2C+H&rft.aulast=Heilbronn&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2011-11-01&rft.volume=169&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=279&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nuclear+Science+and+Engineering&rft.issn=00295639&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-09 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Laser Ablation Molecular Isotopic Spectrometry: Strontium and its isotopes AN - 1430854024; 16241485 AB - The experimental details are reported of Laser Ablation Molecular Isotopic Spectrometry (LAMIS) and its application for performing optical isotopic analysis of solid strontium-containing samples in ambient atmospheric air at normal pressure. The LAMIS detection method is described for strontium isotopes from samples of various chemical and isotopic compositions. The results demonstrate spectrally resolved measurements of the three individual 86Sr, 87Sr, and 88Sr isotopes that are quantified using multivariate calibration of spectra. The observed isotopic shifts are consistent with those calculated theoretically. The measured spectra of diatomic oxide and halides of strontium generated in laser ablation plasmas demonstrate the isotopic resolution and capability of LAMIS. In particular, emission spectra of SrO and SrF molecular radicals provided clean and well resolved spectral signatures for the naturally occurring strontium isotopes. A possibility is discussed of using LAMIS of strontium isotopes for radiogenic age determination. JF - Spectrochimica Acta Part B Atomic Spectroscopy AU - Mao, Xianglei AU - Bol'shakov, Alexander A AU - Choi, Inhee AU - McKay, Christopher P AU - Perry, Dale L AU - Sorkhabi, Osman AU - Russo, Richard E AD - Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA, rerusso@lbl.gov Y1 - 2011/11// PY - 2011 DA - Nov 2011 SP - 767 EP - 775 PB - Elsevier B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 66 IS - 11-12 SN - 0584-8547, 0584-8547 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Chemical composition KW - Solids KW - Age determination KW - Spectroscopy KW - Strontium isotopes KW - Halides KW - Calibrations KW - Strontium KW - Lasers KW - Oxides KW - Ablation KW - SW 5010:Network design KW - AQ 00007:Industrial Effluents KW - Q5 08502:Methods and instruments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1430854024?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Spectrochimica+Acta+Part+B+Atomic+Spectroscopy&rft.atitle=Laser+Ablation+Molecular+Isotopic+Spectrometry%3A+Strontium+and+its+isotopes&rft.au=Mao%2C+Xianglei%3BBol%27shakov%2C+Alexander+A%3BChoi%2C+Inhee%3BMcKay%2C+Christopher+P%3BPerry%2C+Dale+L%3BSorkhabi%2C+Osman%3BRusso%2C+Richard+E&rft.aulast=Mao&rft.aufirst=Xianglei&rft.date=2011-11-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=11-12&rft.spage=767&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Spectrochimica+Acta+Part+B+Atomic+Spectroscopy&rft.issn=05848547&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.sab.2011.12.002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chemical composition; Lasers; Age determination; Halides; Strontium isotopes; Ablation; Calibrations; Solids; Strontium; Spectroscopy; Oxides DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sab.2011.12.002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Krauklis wave in a stack of alternating fluid-elastic layers AN - 1020538691; 2012-056579 AB - The Krauklis wave is a slow dispersive wave mode that propagates in a fluid layer bounded by elastic media. In a model of alternating fluid and elastic layers, two interface waves can exist at low frequencies: The first wave propagates mostly in the elastic layer and has little dispersion, while the second wave can have strong dispersion and propagates as a Krauklis wave for some parameter combinations. Analytical conditions predict appearance of the Krauklis wave for higher frequencies and low porosities. Interface-wave velocities depend on model porosity, which potentially can be used for fracture mapping. JF - Geophysics AU - Korneev, Valeri A Y1 - 2011/11/01/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Nov 01 SP - N47 EP - N53 PB - Society of Exploration Geophysicists, Tulsa, OK VL - 76 IS - 6 SN - 0016-8033, 0016-8033 KW - fractures KW - geophysical methods KW - propagation KW - algorithms KW - wave dispersion KW - porosity KW - seismic methods KW - rock mechanics KW - Krauklis waves KW - 30:Engineering geology KW - 20:Applied geophysics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1020538691?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geophysics&rft.atitle=Krauklis+wave+in+a+stack+of+alternating+fluid-elastic+layers&rft.au=Korneev%2C+Valeri+A&rft.aulast=Korneev&rft.aufirst=Valeri&rft.date=2011-11-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=N47&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geophysics&rft.issn=00168033&rft_id=info:doi/10.1190%2FGEO2011-0086.1 L2 - http://library.seg.org/journal/gpysa7 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2013, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from GeoScienceWorld, Alexandria, VA, United States | Reference includes data supplied by Society of Exploration Geophysicists, Tulsa, OK, United States N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 32 N1 - PubXState - OK N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2013-06-13 N1 - CODEN - GPYSA7 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - algorithms; fractures; geophysical methods; Krauklis waves; porosity; propagation; rock mechanics; seismic methods; wave dispersion DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/GEO2011-0086.1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Geotechnical properties of deep oceanic sediments recovered from the hydrate occurrence regions in the Ulleung Basin, East Sea, offshore Korea AN - 1011394007; 2012-044988 AB - This study presents comprehensive geotechnical data of the natural marine sediments cored from the hydrate occurrence regions during the Ulleung Basin Gas Hydrate Expedition 1 (UBGH1), East Sea, offshore Korea in 2007. Geotechnical soil index properties of the Ulleung Basin sediments, including grain size distribution, porosity, water content, Atterberg limits, specific gravity, and specific surface area, were experimentally determined. These soil index properties were correlated to geotechnical engineering parameters (e.g., shear strength and friction angle) by using well-known empirical relationships. By performing standard consolidation tests on both undisturbed specimens (as recovered from the original core liner after hydrate dissociation) and remolded specimens, stress-dependent mechanical and hydraulic properties (e.g., compressibility and hydraulic conductivity) were measured. The experimental results provide important engineering parameters, and demonstrate the effect of hydrate presence and consequential dissociation to index properties, engineering parameters, and innate sediment structures. JF - Marine and Petroleum Geology AU - Kwon, Tae-Hyuk AU - Lee, Kang-Ryel AU - Cho, Gye-Chun AU - Lee, Joo Yong A2 - Matsumoto, Ryo A2 - Ryu, Byong-Jae A2 - Lee, Sung-Rock A2 - Lin, Saulwood A2 - Wu Shiguo A2 - Sain, Kalachand A2 - Pecher, Ingo A2 - Riedel, Michael Y1 - 2011/11// PY - 2011 DA - November 2011 SP - 1870 EP - 1883 PB - Elsevier, Oxford VL - 28 IS - 10 SN - 0264-8172, 0264-8172 KW - friction angles KW - shear strength KW - Japan Sea KW - electrical conductivity KW - Far East KW - gas hydrates KW - density KW - natural gas KW - petroleum KW - algae KW - cores KW - West Pacific KW - laboratory studies KW - size distribution KW - marine sediments KW - diatoms KW - specific surface KW - sediments KW - water content KW - Northwest Pacific KW - Asia KW - Atterberg limits KW - compressibility KW - Ulleung Basin KW - soil mechanics KW - Plantae KW - experimental studies KW - continental margin KW - grain size KW - mechanical properties KW - effects KW - Korea KW - specific gravity KW - porosity KW - physical properties KW - North Pacific KW - Pacific Ocean KW - consolidometer tests KW - hydraulic conductivity KW - SEM data KW - pore water KW - permeability KW - microfossils KW - South Korea KW - 29A:Economic geology, geology of energy sources UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1011394007?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+and+Petroleum+Geology&rft.atitle=Geotechnical+properties+of+deep+oceanic+sediments+recovered+from+the+hydrate+occurrence+regions+in+the+Ulleung+Basin%2C+East+Sea%2C+offshore+Korea&rft.au=Kwon%2C+Tae-Hyuk%3BLee%2C+Kang-Ryel%3BCho%2C+Gye-Chun%3BLee%2C+Joo+Yong&rft.aulast=Kwon&rft.aufirst=Tae-Hyuk&rft.date=2011-11-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1870&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Marine+and+Petroleum+Geology&rft.issn=02648172&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.marpetgeo.2011.02.003 L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/02648172 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from CAPCAS, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 42 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 5 tables, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - algae; Asia; Atterberg limits; compressibility; consolidometer tests; continental margin; cores; density; diatoms; effects; electrical conductivity; experimental studies; Far East; friction angles; gas hydrates; grain size; hydraulic conductivity; Japan Sea; Korea; laboratory studies; marine sediments; mechanical properties; microfossils; natural gas; North Pacific; Northwest Pacific; Pacific Ocean; permeability; petroleum; physical properties; Plantae; pore water; porosity; sediments; SEM data; shear strength; size distribution; soil mechanics; South Korea; specific gravity; specific surface; Ulleung Basin; water content; West Pacific DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2011.02.003 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Evaluation of Modified Feedstocks for Deconstrctionability T2 - 2011 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2011) AN - 1312979946; 6079270 JF - 2011 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2011) AU - Singh, Seema Y1 - 2011/10/16/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Oct 16 KW - Chemical engineering UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312979946?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2011+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2011%29&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+Modified+Feedstocks+for+Deconstrctionability&rft.au=Singh%2C+Seema&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Seema&rft.date=2011-10-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2011+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2011%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.aiche.org/conferences/annualmeeting/meetingprogram/2011topical.aspx LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Development of Alkene Biofuels T2 - 2011 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2011) AN - 1312927055; 6079992 JF - 2011 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2011) AU - Beller, Harry AU - Goh, Ee-Been Y1 - 2011/10/16/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Oct 16 KW - Fuel technology KW - Biofuels KW - alkenes KW - Alkenes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312927055?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2011+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2011%29&rft.atitle=Development+of+Alkene+Biofuels&rft.au=Beller%2C+Harry%3BGoh%2C+Ee-Been&rft.aulast=Beller&rft.aufirst=Harry&rft.date=2011-10-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2011+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2011%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.aiche.org/conferences/annualmeeting/meetingprogram/2011topical.aspx LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Selection of cathode contact materials for solid oxide fuel cells AN - 918049567; 15614072 AB - The goal of this work is to identify suitable cathode contact materials (CCM) to bond and electrically connect LSCF cathode to Mn sub(1.5)Co sub(1.5)O sub(4)-coated 441 stainless steel after sintering at the relatively low temperature of 900-1000 degree C. A wide variety of CCM candidates are synthesized and characterized. For each, the conductivity, coefficient of thermal expansion, sintering behavior, and tendency to react with LSCF or Mn sub(1.5)Co sub(1.5)O sub(4) are determined. From this screening, LSCF, LSCuF, LSC, and SSC are selected as the most promising candidates. These compositions are applied to LSCF and Mn sub(1.5)Co sub(1.5)O sub(4)-coated 441 stainless steel coupons and subjected to 200 h ASR testing at 800 degree C. After area-specific resistance testing, the specimens are cross-sectioned and analyzed for interdiffusion across the CCM/LSCF or CCM/Mn sub(1.5)Co sub(1.5)O sub(4) interfaces. A relatively narrow band of interdiffusion is observed. JF - Journal of Power Sources AU - Tucker, Michael C AU - Cheng, Lei AU - DeJonghe, Lutgard C Y1 - 2011/10/15/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Oct 15 SP - 8313 EP - 8322 PB - Elesevier Science B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 196 IS - 20 SN - 0378-7753, 0378-7753 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Cathode contact material KW - SOFC KW - Sintering KW - Ferritic stainless steels KW - 441 KW - Fuel technology KW - low temperature KW - Steel KW - thermal expansion KW - ENA 03:Energy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/918049567?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Power+Sources&rft.atitle=Selection+of+cathode+contact+materials+for+solid+oxide+fuel+cells&rft.au=Tucker%2C+Michael+C%3BCheng%2C+Lei%3BDeJonghe%2C+Lutgard+C&rft.aulast=Tucker&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=2011-10-15&rft.volume=196&rft.issue=20&rft.spage=8313&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Power+Sources&rft.issn=03787753&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jpowsour.2011.06.044 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fuel technology; low temperature; Steel; thermal expansion DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2011.06.044 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Glass-containing composite cathode contact materials for solid oxide fuel cells AN - 1753543856; 15614010 AB - The feasibility of adding glass to conventional SOFC cathode contact materials in order to improve bonding to adjacent materials in the cell stack is assessed. A variety of candidate glass compositions are added to LSM and SSC. The important properties of the resulting composites, including conductivity, sintering behavior, coefficient of thermal expansion, and adhesion to LSCF and Mn sub(1.5)Co sub(1.5)O sub(4)-coated 441 stainless steel are used as screening parameters. Adhesion of LSM to LSCF improved from 3.9 to 5.3 MPa upon addition of SCZ-8 glass. Adhesion of LSM to coated stainless steel improved from 1.8 to 3.9 MPa upon addition of Schott GM31107 glass. The most promising cathode contact material/glass composites are coated onto Mn sub(1.5)Co sub(1.5)O sub(4)-coated 441 stainless steel substrates and subjected to area-specific resistance testing at 800 degree C. In all cases, area-specific resistance is found to be in the range 2.5-7.5 mOhm cm super(2) and therefore acceptable. Indeed, addition of glass is found to improve bonding of the cathode contact material layer without sacrificing acceptable conductivity. JF - Journal of Power Sources AU - Tucker, Michael C AU - Cheng, Lei AU - DeJonghe, Lutgard C Y1 - 2011/10/15/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Oct 15 SP - 8435 EP - 8443 PB - Elesevier Science B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 196 IS - 20 SN - 0378-7753, 0378-7753 KW - Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts (MT); METADEX (MD); Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); Electronics and Communications Abstracts (EA); CSA / ASCE Civil Engineering Abstracts (CE); Aerospace & High Technology Database (AH) KW - Fuel cell KW - SOFC KW - CCM KW - Cathode contact KW - ASR KW - Ferritic stainless steels KW - 441 KW - Cathodes KW - Composite materials KW - Stainless steels KW - Bonding KW - Contact KW - Acceptability KW - Glass KW - Adhesive bonding KW - Adhesion UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1753543856?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Power+Sources&rft.atitle=Glass-containing+composite+cathode+contact+materials+for+solid+oxide+fuel+cells&rft.au=Tucker%2C+Michael+C%3BCheng%2C+Lei%3BDeJonghe%2C+Lutgard+C&rft.aulast=Tucker&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=2011-10-15&rft.volume=196&rft.issue=20&rft.spage=8435&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Power+Sources&rft.issn=03787753&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jpowsour.2011.05.055 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-18 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2011.05.055 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bioactive glass scaffolds for bone tissue engineering: state of the art and future perspectives AN - 919955812; 15618762 AB - The repair and regeneration of large bone defects resulting from disease or trauma remains a significant clinical challenge. Bioactive glass has appealing characteristics as a scaffold material for bone tissue engineering, but the application of glass scaffolds for the repair of load-bearing bone defects is often limited by their low mechanical strength and fracture toughness. This paper provides an overview of recent developments in the fabrication and mechanical properties of bioactive glass scaffolds. The review reveals the fact that mechanical strength is not a real limiting factor in the use of bioactive glass scaffolds for bone repair, an observation not often recognized by most researchers and clinicians. Scaffolds with compressive strengths comparable to those of trabecular and cortical bones have been produced by a variety of methods. The current limitations of bioactive glass scaffolds include their low fracture toughness (low resistance to fracture) and limited mechanical reliability, which have so far received little attention. Future research directions should include the development of strong and tough bioactive glass scaffolds, and their evaluation in unloaded and load-bearing bone defects in animal models. JF - Materials Science and Engineering C: Biomimetic and Supramolecular Systems AU - Fu, Qiang AU - Saiz, Eduardo AU - Rahaman, Mohamed N AU - Tomsia, Antoni P Y1 - 2011/10/10/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Oct 10 SP - 1245 EP - 1256 PB - Elsevier B.V., The Boulevard Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB United Kingdom VL - 31 IS - 7 SN - 0928-4931, 0928-4931 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Bioactive glass KW - Bone tissue engineering KW - Scaffolds KW - Fracture toughness KW - Mechanical strength KW - Bone growth KW - Animal models KW - Fractures KW - Limiting factors KW - Tissue engineering KW - scaffolds KW - Trauma KW - Bone (trabecular) KW - Bone healing KW - Bone (cortical) KW - Reviews KW - Regeneration KW - Mechanical properties KW - W 30920:Tissue Engineering UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/919955812?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Materials+Science+and+Engineering+C%3A+Biomimetic+and+Supramolecular+Systems&rft.atitle=Bioactive+glass+scaffolds+for+bone+tissue+engineering%3A+state+of+the+art+and+future+perspectives&rft.au=Fu%2C+Qiang%3BSaiz%2C+Eduardo%3BRahaman%2C+Mohamed+N%3BTomsia%2C+Antoni+P&rft.aulast=Fu&rft.aufirst=Qiang&rft.date=2011-10-10&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1245&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Materials+Science+and+Engineering+C%3A+Biomimetic+and+Supramolecular+Systems&rft.issn=09284931&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.msec.2011.04.022 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fractures; Animal models; Bone growth; Limiting factors; Tissue engineering; scaffolds; Bone (trabecular); Trauma; Bone healing; Reviews; Bone (cortical); Regeneration; Mechanical properties DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2011.04.022 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analytical solutions for pressure perturbation and fluid leakage through aquitards and wells in multilayered-aquifer systems AN - 902382403; 15807459 AB - Large-scale groundwater pumping or deep fluid injection in a multilayered subsurface system may generate pressure perturbation not only in the target formation(s), but also in over- and underlying units. Hydraulic communication in the vertical direction may occur via diffuse leakage through aquitards and/or via focused leakage through leaky wells. Existing analytical solutions for pressure perturbation and fluid flow in such systems consider either diffuse leakage or focused leakage, but never in combination with each other. In this study, we developed generalized analytical solutions that account for the combined effect of diffuse and focused leakage. The new solutions solve for pressure changes in a system of N aquifers with alternating leaky aquitards in response to fluid injection/extraction with any number, NI, of injection/pumping (active) wells, and passive leakage/recharge in any number, NL, of leaky wells. The equations of horizontal groundwater flow in the aquifers are coupled by the vertical flow equations in the aquitards and by the flow continuity equations in the leaky wells. The solution methodology, described in detail in this paper, involves transforming the transient flow equations into the Laplace domain; decoupling the resulting ordinary differential equations (ODEs) coupled by diffuse leakage via eigenvalue analysis; solving a system of NL N linear algebraic equations for the unknown rates of flow through leakage wells; and superposing the solution of pressure buildup/drawdown in aquifers and aquitards resulting from flow in the NI active and NL leaky wells. Verification of the new methodology was achieved by comparison with existing analytical solutions for diffuse leakage and for focused leakage, and against a numerical solution for combined diffuse and focused leakage. Application to an eight-aquifer system with leaky aquitards and one leaky well demonstrates the usefulness and efficiency of the approach, and illustrates the pressure behavior over a spectrum of leakage scenarios and parameters. JF - Water Resources Research AU - Cihan, Abdullah AU - Zhou, Quanlin AU - Birkholzer, Jens T AD - Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA Y1 - 2011/10/07/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Oct 07 PB - American Geophysical Union, 2000 Florida Ave., N.W. Washington DC 20009 United States VL - 47 IS - 10 SN - 0043-1397, 0043-1397 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts KW - 1805 Hydrology: Computational hydrology KW - 1828 Hydrology: Groundwater hydraulics KW - 1829 Hydrology: Groundwater hydrology KW - 1849 Hydrology: Numerical approximations and analysis KW - analytical solution KW - abandoned well KW - groundwater flow KW - leakage KW - multilayered aquifer system KW - pressure buildup KW - Aquifers KW - Groundwater Mining KW - Pressure changes KW - Water resources KW - Injection KW - Ground water KW - Pumping KW - Aquifer flow KW - Pressure KW - Leakage KW - Mathematical models KW - Aquitards KW - Groundwater flow KW - Pressure perturbations KW - Differential equations KW - Vertical mixing KW - Eigenvalues KW - Wells KW - Geohydrology KW - Groundwater KW - Water resources research KW - Groundwater Movement KW - Fluid flow KW - AQ 00007:Industrial Effluents KW - Q2 09382:Communication telemetry KW - M2 556.18:Water Management (556.18) KW - SW 6010:Structures UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/902382403?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Research&rft.atitle=Analytical+solutions+for+pressure+perturbation+and+fluid+leakage+through+aquitards+and+wells+in+multilayered-aquifer+systems&rft.au=Cihan%2C+Abdullah%3BZhou%2C+Quanlin%3BBirkholzer%2C+Jens+T&rft.aulast=Cihan&rft.aufirst=Abdullah&rft.date=2011-10-07&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Research&rft.issn=00431397&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2011WR010721 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-11-01 N1 - Number of references - 45 N1 - Last updated - 2014-11-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mathematical models; Ground water; Water resources; Pumping; Pressure; Fluid flow; Vertical mixing; Differential equations; Aquifers; Eigenvalues; Groundwater flow; Aquitards; Pressure changes; Water resources research; Aquifer flow; Pressure perturbations; Leakage; Wells; Groundwater Mining; Geohydrology; Groundwater; Groundwater Movement; Injection DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011WR010721 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Microbial community response to addition of polylactate compounds to stimulate hexavalent chromium reduction in groundwater AN - 963848044; 16001903 AB - To evaluate the efficacy of bioimmobilization of Cr(VI) in groundwater at the Department of Energy Hanford site, we conducted a series of microcosm experiments using a range of commercial electron donors with varying degrees of lactate polymerization (polylactate). These experiments were conducted using Hanford Formation sediments (coarse sand and gravel) immersed in Hanford groundwater, which were amended with Cr(VI) and several types of lactate-based electron donors (Hydrogen Release Compound, HRC; primer-HRC, pHRC; extended release HRC) and the polylactate-cysteine form (Metal Remediation Compound, MRC). The results showed that polylactate compounds stimulated an increase in bacterial biomass and activity to a greater extent than sodium lactate when applied at equivalent carbon concentrations. At the same time, concentrations of headspace hydrogen and methane increased and correlated with changes in the microbial community structure. Enrichment of Pseudomonas spp. occurred with all lactate additions, and enrichment of sulfate-reducing Desulfosporosinus spp. occurred with almost complete sulfate reduction. The results of these experiments demonstrate that amendment with the pHRC and MRC forms result in effective removal of Cr(VI) from solution most likely by both direct (enzymatic) and indirect (microbially generated reductant) mechanisms. JF - Chemosphere AU - Brodie, Eoin L AU - Joyner, Dominique C AU - Faybishenko, Boris AU - Conrad, Mark E AU - Rios-Velazquez, Carlos AU - Malave, Josue AU - Martinez, Ramon AU - Mork, Benjamin AU - Willett, Anna AU - Koenigsberg, Steven AU - Herman, Donald J AU - Firestone, Mary K AU - Hazen, Terry C AD - Ecology Department, Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, CA, United States, elbrodie@lbl.gov Y1 - 2011/10// PY - 2011 DA - Oct 2011 SP - 660 EP - 665 PB - Elsevier B.V., P.O. Box 800 Kidlington Oxford OX5 1DX United Kingdom VL - 85 IS - 4 SN - 0045-6535, 0045-6535 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Pollution Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Hexavalent chromium KW - Bioremediation KW - Bacteria KW - Polylactate KW - Metal reduction KW - Polymerization KW - Heavy metals KW - Sodium lactate KW - Hydrogen KW - Headspace KW - Microcosms KW - Enrichment KW - Metals KW - Sediment chemistry KW - Chromium KW - Lactate KW - Environmental impact KW - Microbial activity KW - Biomass KW - Community composition KW - Community structure KW - USA, Washington, Hanford KW - Microorganisms KW - Groundwater KW - Sulfate reduction KW - Groundwater Pollution KW - Pseudomonas KW - sulfate reduction KW - Carbon KW - Sand KW - Ground water KW - Methane KW - Sediments KW - USA, Washington, Hanford Site KW - Sodium KW - Energy KW - Sedimentary structures KW - Remediation KW - Lactic acid KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - A 01450:Environmental Pollution & Waste Treatment KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/963848044?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=Microbial+community+response+to+addition+of+polylactate+compounds+to+stimulate+hexavalent+chromium+reduction+in+groundwater&rft.au=Brodie%2C+Eoin+L%3BJoyner%2C+Dominique+C%3BFaybishenko%2C+Boris%3BConrad%2C+Mark+E%3BRios-Velazquez%2C+Carlos%3BMalave%2C+Josue%3BMartinez%2C+Ramon%3BMork%2C+Benjamin%3BWillett%2C+Anna%3BKoenigsberg%2C+Steven%3BHerman%2C+Donald+J%3BFirestone%2C+Mary+K%3BHazen%2C+Terry+C&rft.aulast=Brodie&rft.aufirst=Eoin&rft.date=2011-10-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=660&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere&rft.issn=00456535&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.chemosphere.2011.07.021 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sediment chemistry; Methane; Community composition; Chromium; Heavy metals; Sedimentary structures; Lactate; Remediation; Environmental impact; Polymerization; Sulfate reduction; Sodium lactate; Hydrogen; Biomass; Sediments; Carbon; Sand; Community structure; Energy; Headspace; Ground water; Lactic acid; Microcosms; Sodium; Metals; Bioremediation; Microbial activity; Groundwater; sulfate reduction; Microorganisms; Pseudomonas; Groundwater Pollution; Enrichment; USA, Washington, Hanford; USA, Washington, Hanford Site DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.07.021 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relative contribution of foliar and fine root pine litter to the molecular composition of soil organic matter after in situ degradation AN - 921715952; 2012-022201 AB - The influence of litter quality on soil organic matter (SOM) stabilization rate and pathways remains unclear. We used (super 13) C/ (super 15) N labeled litter addition and Curie-point pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS-C-IRMS) to explore the transformation of litter with different composition and decay rate (ponderosa pine needle vs. fine root) to SOM during 18 months in a temperate conifer forest mineral (A horizon) soil. Based on (super 13) C Py-GC-MS-C-IRMS the initial litter and bulk soil had approximately 1/3 of the total pyrolysis products identified in common. The majority was related either to carbohydrates or was non-specific in origin. In bulk soil, carbohydrates had similar levels of enrichment after needle input and fine root input, while the non-specific products were more enriched after needle input. In the humin SOM fraction (260 yr C turnover time) we found only carbohydrate and alkyl C-derived compounds and greater (super 13) C enrichment in the "carbohydrate" pool after fine root decomposition. (super 15) N Py-GC-MS-C-IRMS of humic substances showed that root litter contributed more than needle litter to the enrichment of specific protein markers during initial decomposition. We found little evidence for the selective preservation of plant compounds considered to be recalcitrant. Our findings suggest an indirect role for decomposing plant material composition, where microbial alteration of fine root litter seems to favor greater initial stabilization of microbially derived C and N in SOM fractions with long mean turnover times, such as humin, compared to needles with a faster decay rate. JF - Organic Geochemistry AU - Mambelli, Stefania AU - Bird, Jeffrey A AU - Gleixner, Gerd AU - Dawson, Todd E AU - Torn, Margaret S Y1 - 2011/10// PY - 2011 DA - October 2011 SP - 1099 EP - 1108 PB - Elsevier VL - 42 IS - 9 SN - 0146-6380, 0146-6380 KW - United States KW - alteration KW - Spermatophyta KW - El Dorado County California KW - lipids KW - isotopes KW - mass spectra KW - needles KW - Coniferales KW - stable isotopes KW - Pinus KW - nitrogen KW - California KW - gas chromatography KW - pyrolysis KW - carbon KW - tracers KW - Blodgett Experimental Forest KW - spectra KW - geochemistry KW - soils KW - forests KW - chromatography KW - Plantae KW - Coniferae KW - roots KW - Gymnospermae KW - mass spectroscopy KW - N-15 KW - molecular structure KW - organic compounds KW - bacteria KW - Pinaceae KW - C-13 KW - spectroscopy KW - microorganisms KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/921715952?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Organic+Geochemistry&rft.atitle=Relative+contribution+of+foliar+and+fine+root+pine+litter+to+the+molecular+composition+of+soil+organic+matter+after+in+situ+degradation&rft.au=Mambelli%2C+Stefania%3BBird%2C+Jeffrey+A%3BGleixner%2C+Gerd%3BDawson%2C+Todd+E%3BTorn%2C+Margaret+S&rft.aulast=Mambelli&rft.aufirst=Stefania&rft.date=2011-10-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1099&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Organic+Geochemistry&rft.issn=01466380&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.orggeochem.2011.06.008 L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01466380 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from CAPCAS, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 70 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 4 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - alteration; bacteria; Blodgett Experimental Forest; C-13; California; carbon; chromatography; Coniferae; Coniferales; El Dorado County California; forests; gas chromatography; geochemistry; Gymnospermae; isotopes; lipids; mass spectra; mass spectroscopy; microorganisms; molecular structure; N-15; needles; nitrogen; organic compounds; Pinaceae; Pinus; Plantae; pyrolysis; roots; soils; spectra; spectroscopy; Spermatophyta; stable isotopes; tracers; United States DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2011.06.008 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Direct ink writing of highly porous and strong glass scaffolds for load-bearing bone defects repair and regeneration AN - 918071436; 16182600 AB - The quest for synthetic materials to repair load-bearing bone lost because of trauma, cancer, or congenital bone defects requires the development of porous, high-performance scaffolds with exceptional mechanical strength. However, the low mechanical strength of porous bioactive ceramic and glass scaffolds, compared with that of human cortical bone, has limited their use for these applications. In the present work bioactive 6P53B glass scaffolds with superior mechanical strength were fabricated using a direct ink writing technique. The rheological properties of Pluronic registered F-127 (referred to hereafter simply as F-127) hydrogel-based inks were optimized for the printing of features as fine as 30 mu m and of three-dimensional scaffolds. The mechanical strength and in vitro degradation of the scaffolds were assessed in a simulated body fluid (SBF). The sintered glass scaffolds showed a compressive strength (136 +/- 22 MPa) comparable with that of human cortical bone (100-150 MPa), while the porosity (60%) was in the range of that of trabecular bone (50-90%). The strength is ~100-times that of polymer scaffolds and 4-5-times that of ceramic and glass scaffolds with comparable porosities. Despite the strength decrease resulting from weight loss during immersion in SBF, the value (77 MPa) is still far above that of trabecular bone after 3 weeks. The ability to create both porous and strong structures opens a new avenue for fabricating scaffolds for load-bearing bone defect repair and regeneration. JF - Acta Biomaterialia AU - Fu, Qiang AU - Saiz, Eduardo AU - Tomsia, Antoni P AD - Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA, qfu@lbl.gov Y1 - 2011/10// PY - 2011 DA - Oct 2011 SP - 3547 EP - 3554 PB - Elsevier B.V., The Boulevard Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB United Kingdom VL - 7 IS - 10 SN - 1742-7061, 1742-7061 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Porous scaffolds KW - Strong scaffolds KW - Bone tissue engineering KW - Direct ink writing KW - Bioactive glass KW - Bone cancer KW - Printing KW - Porosity KW - Cancer KW - scaffolds KW - Bone (trabecular) KW - Trauma KW - Ceramics KW - Bone healing KW - Bone (cortical) KW - Bone loss KW - Regeneration KW - Immersion KW - Body fluids KW - Mechanical properties KW - W 30920:Tissue Engineering UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/918071436?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Acta+Biomaterialia&rft.atitle=Direct+ink+writing+of+highly+porous+and+strong+glass+scaffolds+for+load-bearing+bone+defects+repair+and+regeneration&rft.au=Fu%2C+Qiang%3BSaiz%2C+Eduardo%3BTomsia%2C+Antoni+P&rft.aulast=Fu&rft.aufirst=Qiang&rft.date=2011-10-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=3547&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Acta+Biomaterialia&rft.issn=17427061&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.actbio.2011.06.030 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-09 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bone cancer; Printing; Porosity; scaffolds; Cancer; Trauma; Bone (trabecular); Bone healing; Ceramics; Bone (cortical); Regeneration; Bone loss; Immersion; Body fluids; Mechanical properties DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2011.06.030 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Benefits and costs of improved IEQ in U.S. offices AN - 911153702; 15993762 AB - Abstract This study estimates some of the benefits and costs of implementing scenarios that improve indoor environmental quality (IEQ) in the stock of U.S. office buildings. The scenarios include increasing ventilation rates when they are below 10 or 15l/s per person, adding outdoor air economizers and controls when absent, eliminating winter indoor temperatures >23 degree C, and reducing dampness and mold problems. The estimated benefits of the scenarios analyzed are substantial in magnitude, including increased work performance, reduced Sick Building Syndrome symptoms, reduced absence, and improved thermal comfort for millions of office workers. The combined potential annual economic benefit of a set of nonoverlapping scenarios is approximately $20billion. While the quantitative estimates have a high uncertainty, the opportunity for substantial benefits is clear. Some IEQ improvement measures will save energy while improving health or productivity, and implementing these measures should be the highest priority. Owners, designers, and operators of office buildings have an opportunity to improve IEQ, health, work performance, and comfort of building occupants and to obtain economic benefits by improving IEQ. These benefits can be achieved with simultaneous energy savings or with only small increases in energy costs. JF - Indoor Air AU - Fisk, W J AU - Black, D AU - Brunner, G AD - Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA Y1 - 2011/10// PY - 2011 DA - Oct 2011 SP - 357 EP - 367 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 21 IS - 5 SN - 0905-6947, 0905-6947 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - USA KW - winter KW - Ventilation KW - Economics KW - Sick building syndrome KW - Energy conservation KW - Temperature KW - Environmental quality KW - Indoor environments KW - Buildings KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/911153702?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Indoor+Air&rft.atitle=Benefits+and+costs+of+improved+IEQ+in+U.S.+offices&rft.au=Fisk%2C+W+J%3BBlack%2C+D%3BBrunner%2C+G&rft.aulast=Fisk&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2011-10-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=357&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Indoor+Air&rft.issn=09056947&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1600-0668.2011.00719.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-12-01 N1 - Document feature - figure 1 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - winter; Ventilation; Economics; Temperature; Energy conservation; Sick building syndrome; Environmental quality; Indoor environments; Buildings; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0668.2011.00719.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Persistence of soil organic matter as an ecosystem property AN - 907922487; 2012-001586 JF - Nature (London) AU - Schmidt, Michael W I AU - Torn, Margaret S AU - Abiven, Samuel AU - Dittmar, Thorsten AU - Guggenberger, Georg AU - Janssens, Ivan A AU - Kleber, Markus AU - Koegel-Knabner, Ingrid AU - Lehmann, Johannes AU - Manning, David A C AU - Nannipieri, Paolo AU - Rasse, Daniel P AU - Weiner, Steve AU - Trumbore, Susan E Y1 - 2011/10// PY - 2011 DA - October 2011 SP - 49 EP - 56 PB - Macmillan Journals, London VL - 478 IS - 7367 SN - 0028-0836, 0028-0836 KW - soils KW - permafrost KW - degradation KW - biochemistry KW - stability KW - rhizosphere KW - global change KW - ecosystems KW - vegetation KW - thawing KW - geochemical cycle KW - carbon dioxide KW - fires KW - controls KW - organic compounds KW - humic substances KW - carbon KW - carbon cycle KW - geochemistry KW - microorganisms KW - global warming KW - 25:Soils KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/907922487?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+%28London%29&rft.atitle=Persistence+of+soil+organic+matter+as+an+ecosystem+property&rft.au=Schmidt%2C+Michael+W+I%3BTorn%2C+Margaret+S%3BAbiven%2C+Samuel%3BDittmar%2C+Thorsten%3BGuggenberger%2C+Georg%3BJanssens%2C+Ivan+A%3BKleber%2C+Markus%3BKoegel-Knabner%2C+Ingrid%3BLehmann%2C+Johannes%3BManning%2C+David+A+C%3BNannipieri%2C+Paolo%3BRasse%2C+Daniel+P%3BWeiner%2C+Steve%3BTrumbore%2C+Susan+E&rft.aulast=Schmidt&rft.aufirst=Michael+W&rft.date=2011-10-01&rft.volume=478&rft.issue=7367&rft.spage=49&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nature+%28London%29&rft.issn=00280836&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fnature10386 L2 - http://www.nature.com/nature/index.html LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 100 N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - NATUAS N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biochemistry; carbon; carbon cycle; carbon dioxide; controls; degradation; ecosystems; fires; geochemical cycle; geochemistry; global change; global warming; humic substances; microorganisms; organic compounds; permafrost; rhizosphere; soils; stability; thawing; vegetation DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature10386 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modeling of CO (sub 2) leakage up through an abandoned well from deep saline aquifer to shallow fresh groundwaters AN - 1803780371; 2016-060772 AB - This article presents a numerical modeling application using the code TOUGHREACT of a leakage scenario occurring during a CO (sub 2) geological storage performed in the Jurassic Dogger formation in the Paris Basin. This geological formation has been intensively used for geothermal purposes and is now under consideration as a site for the French national program of reducing greenhouse gas emissions and CO (sub 2) geological storage. Albian sandstone, situated above the Dogger limestone is a major strategic potable water aquifer; the impacts of leaking CO (sub 2) due to potential integrity failure have, therefore, to be investigated. The present case-study illustrates both the capacity and the limitations of numerical tools to address such a critical issue. The physical and chemical processes simulated in this study have been restricted to: (i) supercritical CO (sub 2) injection and storage within the Dogger reservoir aquifer, (ii) CO (sub 2) upwards migration through the leakage zone represented as a 1D vertical porous medium to simulate the cement-rock formation interface in the abandoned well, and (iii) impacts on the Albian aquifer water quality in terms of chemical composition and the mineral phases representative of the porous rock by estimating fluid-rock interactions in both aquifers. Because of CPU time and memory constraints, approximation and simplification regarding the geometry of the geological structure, the mineralogical assemblages and the injection period (up to 5 years) have been applied to the system, resulting in limited analysis of the estimated impacts. The CO (sub 2) migration rate and the quantity of CO (sub 2) arriving as free gas and dissolving, firstly in the storage water and secondly in the water of the overlying aquifer, are calculated. CO (sub 2) dissolution into the Dogger aquifer induces a pH drop from about 7.3 to 4.9 limited by calcite dissolution buffering. Glauconite present in the Albian aquifer also dissolves, causing an increase of the silicon and aluminum in solution and triggering the precipitation of kaolinite and quartz around the intrusion point. A sensitivity analysis of the leakage rate according to the location of the leaky well and the variability of the petro-physical properties of the reservoir, the leaky well zone and the Albian aquifers is also provided. Copyright 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V. JF - Transport in Porous Media AU - Humez, Pauline AU - Audigane, Pascal AU - Lions, Julie AU - Chiaberge, Christophe AU - Bellenfant, Gael Y1 - 2011/10// PY - 2011 DA - October 2011 SP - 153 EP - 181 PB - Springer, Dordrecht VL - 90 IS - 1 SN - 0169-3913, 0169-3913 KW - limestone KW - water quality KW - shallow-water environment KW - contaminant plumes KW - capillary pressure KW - oolitic limestone KW - Europe KW - ground water KW - carbon dioxide KW - France KW - sedimentary rocks KW - Paris Basin KW - leaky aquifers KW - thermodynamic properties KW - carbon sequestration KW - Western Europe KW - Jurassic KW - Dogger KW - pollution KW - fresh-water environment KW - Middle Jurassic KW - porosity KW - Mesozoic KW - abandoned water wells KW - brines KW - multiphase flow KW - carbonate rocks KW - water wells KW - underground disposal KW - permeability KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1803780371?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transport+in+Porous+Media&rft.atitle=Modeling+of+CO+%28sub+2%29+leakage+up+through+an+abandoned+well+from+deep+saline+aquifer+to+shallow+fresh+groundwaters&rft.au=Humez%2C+Pauline%3BAudigane%2C+Pascal%3BLions%2C+Julie%3BChiaberge%2C+Christophe%3BBellenfant%2C+Gael&rft.aulast=Humez&rft.aufirst=Pauline&rft.date=2011-10-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=153&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transport+in+Porous+Media&rft.issn=01693913&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs11242-011-9801-2 L2 - http://springerlink.metapress.com/(l4tqdq55jga2hgb0achos1qm)/app/home/journal.asp?referrer=parent&backto=linkingpublicationresults,1:100342,1 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 2009 TOUGH symposium N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by Springer Verlag, Berlin, Federal Republic of Germany N1 - Date revised - 2016-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 73 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 7 tables, geol. sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2016-07-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - abandoned water wells; brines; capillary pressure; carbon dioxide; carbon sequestration; carbonate rocks; contaminant plumes; Dogger; Europe; France; fresh-water environment; ground water; Jurassic; leaky aquifers; limestone; Mesozoic; Middle Jurassic; multiphase flow; oolitic limestone; Paris Basin; permeability; pollution; porosity; sedimentary rocks; shallow-water environment; thermodynamic properties; underground disposal; water quality; water wells; Western Europe DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11242-011-9801-2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modeling approaches for investigating gas migration from a deep low/intermediate level waste repository; Switzerland AN - 1803780359; 2016-060770 AB - In low/intermediate-level waste (L/ILW) repositories, anaerobic corrosion of metals and degradation of organic materials produce mainly hydrogen, methane, and carbon dioxide. The Swiss reference concept for the L/ILW repository consists of parallel caverns sealed off from a single access tunnel in a deep low-permeability claystone formation. The potential buildup of excess gas pressures in the backfilled emplacement caverns was investigated in a series of two-phase flow models. In the first step, a large-scale model was constructed, implementing the 3D radial tunnel and cavern geometry with a simplified rectangular geometry. In the second step, the potential impact of the detailed geometry of the engineered barrier system (EBS) and the associated heterogeneity inside the cavern was examined using detailed models of the repository caverns, tunnel seals, access tunnel, and surrounding host rock. The simulation results from the large-scale 3D repository model show that during the early post-closure period simulated pressures can vary significantly between different parts of the repository. The simulated pressure increase in the emplacement caverns remained below the fracture pressure of the rock for realistic assumptions. Gas flow is largely limited to the EBS and the excavation disturbed zone (EDZ); thus, gas flows through and around the repository seal into the adjacent tunnel system, which is also demonstrated in the detailed repository-cavern model. The repository seal model described the detailed two-phase flow pattern of early time resaturation of the repository by water inflow from the ramp and subsequent counter flow associated with the gas flow from the repository cavern. Overall, the results of the detailed models complement and confirmed the results of the large-scale 3D model in terms of the timing of the pressure peaks and the migration of gas from the cavern into the surrounding host rock and through the repository seal. Copyright 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V. JF - Transport in Porous Media AU - Senger, R AU - Ewing, J AU - Zhang, K AU - Avis, J AU - Marschall, P AU - Gaus, I Y1 - 2011/10// PY - 2011 DA - October 2011 SP - 113 EP - 133 PB - Springer, Dordrecht VL - 90 IS - 1 SN - 0169-3913, 0169-3913 KW - TOUGH2 KW - solute transport KW - survey organizations KW - finite difference analysis KW - government agencies KW - aliphatic hydrocarbons KW - Europe KW - fluid dynamics KW - Switzerland KW - radioactive waste KW - carbon dioxide KW - sedimentary rocks KW - transport KW - Central Europe KW - movement KW - hydrodynamics KW - disposal barriers KW - intermediate-level waste KW - hydrology KW - corrosion KW - migration KW - two-phase models KW - methane KW - alkanes KW - porosity KW - NAGRA KW - gases KW - computer programs KW - organic compounds KW - claystone KW - metals KW - hydrogen KW - hydrocarbons KW - anaerobic environment KW - hydraulic conductivity KW - waste disposal KW - low-level waste KW - clastic rocks KW - underground disposal KW - permeability KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1803780359?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transport+in+Porous+Media&rft.atitle=Modeling+approaches+for+investigating+gas+migration+from+a+deep+low%2Fintermediate+level+waste+repository%3B+Switzerland&rft.au=Senger%2C+R%3BEwing%2C+J%3BZhang%2C+K%3BAvis%2C+J%3BMarschall%2C+P%3BGaus%2C+I&rft.aulast=Senger&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2011-10-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=113&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transport+in+Porous+Media&rft.issn=01693913&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs11242-010-9709-2 L2 - http://springerlink.metapress.com/(l4tqdq55jga2hgb0achos1qm)/app/home/journal.asp?referrer=parent&backto=linkingpublicationresults,1:100342,1 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 2009 TOUGH symposium N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by Springer Verlag, Berlin, Federal Republic of Germany N1 - Date revised - 2016-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 13 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2016-07-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aliphatic hydrocarbons; alkanes; anaerobic environment; carbon dioxide; Central Europe; clastic rocks; claystone; computer programs; corrosion; disposal barriers; Europe; finite difference analysis; fluid dynamics; gases; government agencies; hydraulic conductivity; hydrocarbons; hydrodynamics; hydrogen; hydrology; intermediate-level waste; low-level waste; metals; methane; migration; movement; NAGRA; organic compounds; permeability; porosity; radioactive waste; sedimentary rocks; solute transport; survey organizations; Switzerland; TOUGH2; transport; two-phase models; underground disposal; waste disposal DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11242-010-9709-2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimation of landfill gas generation rate and gas permeability field of refuse using inverse modeling AN - 1803780225; 2016-060766 AB - Landfill methane must be captured to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases; moreover it can be used as an alternative energy source. However, despite the widespread use of landfill gas (LFG) collection systems for over three decades, little information about their capture efficiency is available, because LFG generation rates usually remain unknown. Therefore, to assess the efficiency of greenhouse gas capture and to estimate the amount of fugitive emissions, LFG generation rates should be properly determined. In addition, to improve the capture efficiency of methane while minimizing air intrusion from the atmosphere, it is important to quantify gas flow patterns within landfills. In this study, a methodology to quantify methane generation rates and to estimate the gas permeability field was examined using inverse modeling. To account for the heterogeneous, but spatially correlated structure of refuse, the pilot point method involving geostatistical techniques and optimization algorithms was used. Synthetic observation data were generated from forward simulations for a pumping test and a baro-pneumatic test, and these data were used to test the inversion procedure. The inverse model was able to reproduce the spatial permeability distribution using the transient pressure changes in response to the withdrawal of LFG during the pumping test. The LFG generation rate was also successfully estimated using the data from the baro-pneumatic test with errors less than 2%. While this methodology was developed and successfully tested using synthetic data, it will be investigated in the future using field data from the bioreactor test cells at the Yolo County Central Landfill, CA. Copyright 2010 Springer Science+Business Media B.V. JF - Transport in Porous Media AU - Jung, Yoojin AU - Imhoff, Paul AU - Finsterle, Stefan Y1 - 2011/10// PY - 2011 DA - October 2011 SP - 41 EP - 58 PB - Springer, Dordrecht VL - 90 IS - 1 SN - 0169-3913, 0169-3913 KW - United States KW - pilot point method KW - landfills KW - aliphatic hydrocarbons KW - production KW - Yolo County California KW - environmental management KW - California KW - pump tests KW - transport KW - energy sources KW - movement KW - greenhouse effect KW - heterogeneity KW - methane KW - Yolo County central landfill KW - porous materials KW - enhanced recovery KW - alkanes KW - porosity KW - organic compounds KW - hydrocarbons KW - waste disposal KW - permeability KW - 29A:Economic geology, geology of energy sources UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1803780225?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transport+in+Porous+Media&rft.atitle=Estimation+of+landfill+gas+generation+rate+and+gas+permeability+field+of+refuse+using+inverse+modeling&rft.au=Jung%2C+Yoojin%3BImhoff%2C+Paul%3BFinsterle%2C+Stefan&rft.aulast=Jung&rft.aufirst=Yoojin&rft.date=2011-10-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=41&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transport+in+Porous+Media&rft.issn=01693913&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs11242-010-9659-8 L2 - http://springerlink.metapress.com/(l4tqdq55jga2hgb0achos1qm)/app/home/journal.asp?referrer=parent&backto=linkingpublicationresults,1:100342,1 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 2009 TOUGH symposium N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by Springer Verlag, Berlin, Federal Republic of Germany N1 - Date revised - 2016-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 37 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables N1 - Last updated - 2016-07-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aliphatic hydrocarbons; alkanes; California; energy sources; enhanced recovery; environmental management; greenhouse effect; heterogeneity; hydrocarbons; landfills; methane; movement; organic compounds; permeability; pilot point method; porosity; porous materials; production; pump tests; transport; United States; waste disposal; Yolo County California; Yolo County central landfill DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11242-010-9659-8 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Repository-scale modeling of the long-term hydraulic perturbation induced by gas and heat generation in a geological repository for high-and intermediate-level radioactive waste; methodology and example of application AN - 1803780072; 2016-060768 AB - The current design of a deep geological repository for high- and intermediate-level radioactive waste in France consists of a complex system of different underground structures (ANDRA, Dossier 2005 Argile, les recherches de l'Andra sur le stockage geologique des dechets radioactifs a haute activite et a. vie longue, collection les Rapports. Chatenay-Malabry, France, 2005). For a comprehensive understanding of the long-term hydraulic evolution of the entire repository, numerical non-isothermal two-phase flow and transport simulation, taking into consideration the generation, accumulation, and release of hydrogen gas and decay heat, are compulsory. However, a detailed numerical model of the entire repository system would require a tremendous computational effort and pose a laborious task with respect to the operation of the model. To handle these difficulties, we have developed an efficient method for the numerical modeling of a complete repository system and its geologic environment. The method consists of the following steps: (i) subdivision of the repository plane into a large number of "sectors" based on the position of hydraulic seals and on other geometrical considerations, (ii) exploitation of existing symmetries (inside or between sectors), (iii) adoption of the "multiplying concept", and (iv) connection of the individual sectors at the drift interfaces to form the entire repository model. Each sector is modeled as a three-dimensional (3D) block, and the entire model is computed with TOUGH2-MP. The method allows for a massive reduction in overall finite-volume elements and, at the same time, provides an adequate representation of the small-sized structures in the repository. The main characteristics of the method and its application to an entire deep geological repository system in a clay host rock are presented. Copyright 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V. JF - Transport in Porous Media AU - Poller, Andreas AU - Enssle, Carl Philipp AU - Mayer, Gerhard AU - Croise, Jean AU - Wendling, Jacques Y1 - 2011/10// PY - 2011 DA - October 2011 SP - 77 EP - 94 PB - Springer, Dordrecht VL - 90 IS - 1 SN - 0169-3913, 0169-3913 KW - TOUGH2 KW - survey organizations KW - government agencies KW - Europe KW - simulation KW - variations KW - radioactive waste KW - France KW - sedimentary rocks KW - transport KW - ANDRA KW - intermediate-level waste KW - hydrology KW - high-level waste KW - two-phase models KW - Western Europe KW - numerical models KW - Darcy's law KW - porosity KW - boundary conditions KW - computer programs KW - claystone KW - saturation KW - fluid pressure KW - hydrogen KW - thermomechanical properties KW - hydraulic conductivity KW - waste disposal KW - clastic rocks KW - underground disposal KW - permeability KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1803780072?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transport+in+Porous+Media&rft.atitle=Repository-scale+modeling+of+the+long-term+hydraulic+perturbation+induced+by+gas+and+heat+generation+in+a+geological+repository+for+high-and+intermediate-level+radioactive+waste%3B+methodology+and+example+of+application&rft.au=Poller%2C+Andreas%3BEnssle%2C+Carl+Philipp%3BMayer%2C+Gerhard%3BCroise%2C+Jean%3BWendling%2C+Jacques&rft.aulast=Poller&rft.aufirst=Andreas&rft.date=2011-10-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=77&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transport+in+Porous+Media&rft.issn=01693913&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs11242-011-9725-x L2 - http://springerlink.metapress.com/(l4tqdq55jga2hgb0achos1qm)/app/home/journal.asp?referrer=parent&backto=linkingpublicationresults,1:100342,1 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 2009 TOUGH symposium N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by Springer Verlag, Berlin, Federal Republic of Germany N1 - Date revised - 2016-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 12 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - SuppNotes - The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11242-011-9725-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. N1 - Last updated - 2016-07-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - ANDRA; boundary conditions; clastic rocks; claystone; computer programs; Darcy's law; Europe; fluid pressure; France; government agencies; high-level waste; hydraulic conductivity; hydrogen; hydrology; intermediate-level waste; numerical models; permeability; porosity; radioactive waste; saturation; sedimentary rocks; simulation; survey organizations; thermomechanical properties; TOUGH2; transport; two-phase models; underground disposal; variations; waste disposal; Western Europe DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11242-011-9725-x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A structured approach to the derivation of effective properties for combined water and gas flow in the EDZ AN - 1803780071; 2016-060769 AB - The generation, accumulation, and release of corrosion gases is an important issue in the assessment of long-term repository performance. For repository concepts in clay-rich rock formations such as the Opalinus Clay of Northern Switzerland the transport path through the Excavation Damage Zone (EDZ) around the emplacement tunnels is of particular interest because the gas transport capacity of the host rock is limited and therefore a significant fraction of the produced gas could be released along the EDZ. This article describes the development of a structured approach to abstract complex geoscientific models of two-phase flow through the EDZ to simplified models suitable for use within a Probabilistic Safety Assessment (PSA). The approach utilizes three different models: a discrete fracture network (DFN) model of the EDZ, an equivalent heterogeneous continuum porous medium (CPM) model and a simplified CPM model suitable for use within PSA. Equivalent properties of the elements of the heterogeneous CPM models are upscaled from DFN realizations. Results from gas injection simulations with the heterogeneous CPM models are then used to derive appropriate parameters for the simplified CPM model. The modeling presented in this article represents the first step in the development of a structured methodology for treatment of gas, solute, and water flow through the EDZ. The emphasis is on methodology development, and both input data and structural models used in this study are of a generic nature and would have to be adapted to the actual conditions at a real repository site. Copyright 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V. JF - Transport in Porous Media AU - Lanyon, G W AU - Senger, R Y1 - 2011/10// PY - 2011 DA - October 2011 SP - 95 EP - 112 PB - Springer, Dordrecht VL - 90 IS - 1 SN - 0169-3913, 0169-3913 KW - TOUGH2 KW - solute transport KW - Europe KW - Switzerland KW - radioactive waste KW - deep-seated structures KW - sedimentary rocks KW - Opalinus Clay KW - transport KW - Central Europe KW - probability KW - disposal barriers KW - liquid phase KW - hydrology KW - migration KW - two-phase models KW - numerical models KW - Jurassic KW - statistical analysis KW - porous materials KW - excavation damage zone KW - porosity KW - Mesozoic KW - flows KW - computer programs KW - claystone KW - heterogeneous materials KW - risk assessment KW - hydraulic conductivity KW - waste disposal KW - clastic rocks KW - underground disposal KW - permeability KW - northern Switzerland KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1803780071?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transport+in+Porous+Media&rft.atitle=A+structured+approach+to+the+derivation+of+effective+properties+for+combined+water+and+gas+flow+in+the+EDZ&rft.au=Lanyon%2C+G+W%3BSenger%2C+R&rft.aulast=Lanyon&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2011-10-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=95&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transport+in+Porous+Media&rft.issn=01693913&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs11242-011-9716-y L2 - http://springerlink.metapress.com/(l4tqdq55jga2hgb0achos1qm)/app/home/journal.asp?referrer=parent&backto=linkingpublicationresults,1:100342,1 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 2009 TOUGH symposium N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by Springer Verlag, Berlin, Federal Republic of Germany N1 - Date revised - 2016-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 18 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 6 tables N1 - Last updated - 2016-07-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Central Europe; clastic rocks; claystone; computer programs; deep-seated structures; disposal barriers; Europe; excavation damage zone; flows; heterogeneous materials; hydraulic conductivity; hydrology; Jurassic; liquid phase; Mesozoic; migration; northern Switzerland; numerical models; Opalinus Clay; permeability; porosity; porous materials; probability; radioactive waste; risk assessment; sedimentary rocks; solute transport; statistical analysis; Switzerland; TOUGH2; transport; two-phase models; underground disposal; waste disposal DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11242-011-9716-y ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Forward and inverse bio-geochemical modeling of microbially induced calcite precipitation in half-meter column experiments AN - 1803779982; 2016-060765 AB - Microbially induced calcite precipitation (MICP) offers an alternative solution to a wide range of civil engineering problems. Laboratory tests have shown that MICP can immobilize trace metals and radionuclides through co-precipitation with calcium carbonate. MICP has also been shown to improve the undrained shear response of soils and offers potential benefits over current ground improvement techniques that may pose environmental risks and suffer from low "certainty of execution." Our objective is to identify an effective means of achieving uniform distribution of precipitate in a one-dimensional porous medium. Our approach involves column experiments and numerical modeling of MICP in both forward and inverse senses, using a simplified reaction network, with the bacterial strain Sporoscarcina pasteurii. It was found that the stop-flow injection of a urea- and calcium-rich solution produces a more uniform calcite distribution as compared to a continuous injection method, even when both methods involve flow in opposite direction to that used for bacterial cell emplacement. Inverse modeling was conducted by coupling the reactive transport code TOUGHREACT to UCODE for estimating chemical reaction rate parameters with a good match to the experimental data. It was found, however, that the choice of parameters and data was not sufficient to determine a unique solution, and our findings suggest that additional time and space-varying analytical data of aqueous species would improve the accuracy of numerical modeling of MICP. Copyright 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V. JF - Transport in Porous Media AU - Barkouki, T H AU - Martinez, B C AU - Mortensen, B M AU - Weathers, T S AU - de Jong, J D AU - Ginn, T R AU - Spycher, N F AU - Smith, R W AU - Fujita, Y Y1 - 2011/10// PY - 2011 DA - October 2011 SP - 23 EP - 39 PB - Springer, Dordrecht VL - 90 IS - 1 SN - 0169-3913, 0169-3913 KW - water quality KW - Sr-90 KW - isotopes KW - hydrolysis KW - coupling KW - aqueous solutions KW - remediation KW - ground water KW - environmental management KW - fluid injection KW - radioactive isotopes KW - urea KW - transport KW - calcium carbonate KW - heavy metals KW - alkaline earth metals KW - organic minerals KW - numerical models KW - pollutants KW - cementation KW - biochemistry KW - pollution KW - porous materials KW - mechanical properties KW - porosity KW - aquifers KW - precipitation KW - metals KW - diagenesis KW - bacteria KW - uranium KW - actinides KW - strontium KW - permeability KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1803779982?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transport+in+Porous+Media&rft.atitle=Forward+and+inverse+bio-geochemical+modeling+of+microbially+induced+calcite+precipitation+in+half-meter+column+experiments&rft.au=Barkouki%2C+T+H%3BMartinez%2C+B+C%3BMortensen%2C+B+M%3BWeathers%2C+T+S%3Bde+Jong%2C+J+D%3BGinn%2C+T+R%3BSpycher%2C+N+F%3BSmith%2C+R+W%3BFujita%2C+Y&rft.aulast=Barkouki&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2011-10-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=23&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transport+in+Porous+Media&rft.issn=01693913&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs11242-011-9804-z L2 - http://springerlink.metapress.com/(l4tqdq55jga2hgb0achos1qm)/app/home/journal.asp?referrer=parent&backto=linkingpublicationresults,1:100342,1 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 2009 TOUGH symposium N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by Springer Verlag, Berlin, Federal Republic of Germany N1 - Date revised - 2016-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 38 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables N1 - Last updated - 2016-07-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - actinides; alkaline earth metals; aqueous solutions; aquifers; bacteria; biochemistry; calcium carbonate; cementation; coupling; diagenesis; environmental management; fluid injection; ground water; heavy metals; hydrolysis; isotopes; mechanical properties; metals; numerical models; organic minerals; permeability; pollutants; pollution; porosity; porous materials; precipitation; radioactive isotopes; remediation; Sr-90; strontium; transport; uranium; urea; water quality DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11242-011-9804-z ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of well orientation (vertical vs. horizontal) and well length on the injection of CO (sub 2) in deep saline aquifers AN - 1803779964; 2016-060775 AB - Simulations of CO (sub 2) injection into confined saline aquifers were conducted for both vertical and horizontal injection wells. The metrics used in quantifying the performances of different injection scenarios included changes in pressure near the injection well, mass of CO (sub 2) dissolved into brine (solubility trapping), and storage efficiency, all evaluated with an assumed injection period of 50 years. Metrics were quantified as functions of well length, well orientation, CO (sub 2) injection rate, and formation anisotropy (ratio of vertical to horizontal conductivity). When equal well lengths are compared, there is not a significant difference between the predicted performances of horizontal and vertical wells. However, the length of a horizontal well may exceed the length of a vertical well because the length of the horizontal well is not constrained to the vertical thickness of the geologic formation. Simulations show that, as the length of the horizontal well is allowed to increase, the geologic formation can receive a significantly higher CO (sub 2) injection rate without exceeding a maximum allowable pressure. This result is observed in both isotropic and anisotropic formations, and suggests that horizontal wells may be advantageous under pressure-limited conditions. However, the use of horizontal wells does not significantly improve the storage efficiency, and under strongly anisotropic conditions, a vertical well provides higher storage efficiency than a horizontal well. We conclude that horizontal wells may be preferable if the goal is to sequester a large amount of CO (sub 2) in a short period of time, but do not offer a significant advantage in terms of long-term capacity of a potential repository. Copyright 2010 Springer Science+Business Media B.V. JF - Transport in Porous Media AU - Okwen, Roland AU - Stewart, Mark AU - Cunningham, Jeffrey Y1 - 2011/10// PY - 2011 DA - October 2011 SP - 219 EP - 232 PB - Springer, Dordrecht VL - 90 IS - 1 SN - 0169-3913, 0169-3913 KW - hydrology KW - horizontal drilling KW - carbon sequestration KW - isotropic materials KW - confined aquifers KW - pollution KW - simulation KW - remediation KW - ground water KW - flows KW - carbon dioxide KW - aquifers KW - air pollution KW - gas injection KW - fluid injection KW - formation evaluation KW - brines KW - reservoir properties KW - directional drilling KW - hydraulic conductivity KW - drilling KW - underground disposal KW - anisotropy KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1803779964?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transport+in+Porous+Media&rft.atitle=Effect+of+well+orientation+%28vertical+vs.+horizontal%29+and+well+length+on+the+injection+of+CO+%28sub+2%29+in+deep+saline+aquifers&rft.au=Okwen%2C+Roland%3BStewart%2C+Mark%3BCunningham%2C+Jeffrey&rft.aulast=Okwen&rft.aufirst=Roland&rft.date=2011-10-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=219&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transport+in+Porous+Media&rft.issn=01693913&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs11242-010-9686-5 L2 - http://springerlink.metapress.com/(l4tqdq55jga2hgb0achos1qm)/app/home/journal.asp?referrer=parent&backto=linkingpublicationresults,1:100342,1 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 2009 TOUGH symposium N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by Springer Verlag, Berlin, Federal Republic of Germany N1 - Date revised - 2016-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 30 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 7 tables N1 - Last updated - 2016-07-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - air pollution; anisotropy; aquifers; brines; carbon dioxide; carbon sequestration; confined aquifers; directional drilling; drilling; flows; fluid injection; formation evaluation; gas injection; ground water; horizontal drilling; hydraulic conductivity; hydrology; isotropic materials; pollution; remediation; reservoir properties; simulation; underground disposal DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11242-010-9686-5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modeling of rocks and cement alteration due to CO (sub 2) injection in an exploited gas reservoir AN - 1803779924; 2016-060773 AB - The injection of CO (sub 2) in exploited natural gas reservoirs as a means to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is highly attractive as it takes place in well-known geological structures of proven integrity with respect to gas leakage. The injection of a reactive gas such as CO (sub 2) puts emphasis on the possible alteration of reservoir and caprock formations and especially of the wells' cement sheaths induced by the modification of chemical equilibria. Such studies are important for injectivity assurance, wellbore integrity, and risk assessment required for CO (sub 2) sequestration site qualification. Within a R&D project funded by Eni, we set up a numerical model to investigate the rock-cement alterations driven by the injection of CO (sub 2) into a depleted sweet natural gas pool. The simulations are performed with the TOUGHREACT simulator (Xu et al. in Comput Geosci 32:145-165, 2006) coupled to the TMGAS EOS module (Battistelli and Marcolini in Int J Greenh Gas Control 3:481-493, 2009) developed for the TOUGH2 family of reservoir simulators (Pruess et al. in TOUGH2 User's Guide, Version 2.0, 1999). On the basis of field data, the system is considered in isothermal (50 degrees C) and isobaric (128.5 bar) conditions. The effects of the evolving reservoir gas composition are taken into account before, during, and after CO (sub 2) injection. Fully water-saturated conditions were assumed for the cement sheath and caprock domains. The gas phase does not flow by advection from the reservoir into the interacting domains so that molecular diffusion in the aqueous phase is the most important process controlling the mass transport occurring in the system under study. Copyright 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V. JF - Transport in Porous Media AU - Geloni, Claudio AU - Giorgis, Thomas AU - Battistelli, Alfredo Y1 - 2011/10// PY - 2011 DA - October 2011 SP - 183 EP - 200 PB - Springer, Dordrecht VL - 90 IS - 1 SN - 0169-3913, 0169-3913 KW - TOUGH2 KW - solute transport KW - carbon sequestration KW - cement materials KW - pollution KW - mechanical properties KW - simulation KW - air pollution KW - computer programs KW - gas injection KW - physical properties KW - fluid injection KW - transport KW - cap rocks KW - thermomechanical properties KW - risk assessment KW - reservoir properties KW - greenhouse effect KW - thermodynamic properties KW - underground disposal KW - construction materials KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1803779924?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transport+in+Porous+Media&rft.atitle=Modeling+of+rocks+and+cement+alteration+due+to+CO+%28sub+2%29+injection+in+an+exploited+gas+reservoir&rft.au=Geloni%2C+Claudio%3BGiorgis%2C+Thomas%3BBattistelli%2C+Alfredo&rft.aulast=Geloni&rft.aufirst=Claudio&rft.date=2011-10-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=183&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transport+in+Porous+Media&rft.issn=01693913&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs11242-011-9714-0 L2 - http://springerlink.metapress.com/(l4tqdq55jga2hgb0achos1qm)/app/home/journal.asp?referrer=parent&backto=linkingpublicationresults,1:100342,1 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 2009 TOUGH symposium N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by Springer Verlag, Berlin, Federal Republic of Germany N1 - Date revised - 2016-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 51 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 4 tables N1 - Last updated - 2016-07-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - air pollution; cap rocks; carbon sequestration; cement materials; computer programs; construction materials; fluid injection; gas injection; greenhouse effect; mechanical properties; physical properties; pollution; reservoir properties; risk assessment; simulation; solute transport; thermodynamic properties; thermomechanical properties; TOUGH2; transport; underground disposal DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11242-011-9714-0 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Model simulations of the Hengill area, southwestern Iceland AN - 1803775966; 2016-060764 AB - The Hengill Area is an important energy source for Reykjavik and surrounding area, both for electricity and district space heating. Two production fields are located in the area: Nesjavellir and Hellisheiethi. Two other potential production fields are believed to be in the area. We present a new conceptual model supported by numerical calculations for the entire Hengill Area. Calculations were performed using the TOUGH software suite. The model contains nine layers consisting of 966 elements each (total of 8,964). Geological survey data, down-hole measurements, and production histories from the fields have been used to calibrate the model. The model has been used to predict how production will affect the geothermal fields. Information gathered throughout the production history, such as drawdown and changes in enthalpy, have been used to re-evaluate the size and the production capacity of the production fields. Different production scenarios, such as different energy throughput, have been simulated. The model simulations have also been used to estimate the capacity of potential future production fields. Copyright 2010 Springer Science+Business Media B.V. JF - Transport in Porous Media AU - Gunnarsson, Gunnar AU - Arnaldsson, Andri AU - Oddsdottir, Anna Lilja Y1 - 2011/10// PY - 2011 DA - October 2011 SP - 3 EP - 22 PB - Springer, Dordrecht VL - 90 IS - 1 SN - 0169-3913, 0169-3913 KW - TOUGH2 KW - hydrology KW - Western Europe KW - southwestern Iceland KW - Europe KW - Hellisheidi Field KW - fluid dynamics KW - simulation KW - production KW - Nesjavellir Field KW - temperature KW - geothermal energy KW - computer programs KW - geothermal fields KW - Hengill KW - Reykjavik Iceland KW - formation evaluation KW - sustainable development KW - volcanoes KW - reservoir properties KW - Iceland KW - Bitra Field KW - 29A:Economic geology, geology of energy sources KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1803775966?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transport+in+Porous+Media&rft.atitle=Model+simulations+of+the+Hengill+area%2C+southwestern+Iceland&rft.au=Gunnarsson%2C+Gunnar%3BArnaldsson%2C+Andri%3BOddsdottir%2C+Anna+Lilja&rft.aulast=Gunnarsson&rft.aufirst=Gunnar&rft.date=2011-10-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=3&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transport+in+Porous+Media&rft.issn=01693913&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs11242-010-9629-1 L2 - http://springerlink.metapress.com/(l4tqdq55jga2hgb0achos1qm)/app/home/journal.asp?referrer=parent&backto=linkingpublicationresults,1:100342,1 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 2009 TOUGH symposium N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by Springer Verlag, Berlin, Federal Republic of Germany N1 - Date revised - 2016-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 21 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2016-11-17 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bitra Field; computer programs; Europe; fluid dynamics; formation evaluation; geothermal energy; geothermal fields; Hellisheidi Field; Hengill; hydrology; Iceland; Nesjavellir Field; production; reservoir properties; Reykjavik Iceland; simulation; southwestern Iceland; sustainable development; temperature; TOUGH2; volcanoes; Western Europe DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11242-010-9629-1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Numerical simulation studies of the long-term evolution of a CO (sub 2) plume in a saline aquifer with a sloping caprock AN - 1803775952; 2016-060771 AB - We have used the TOUGH2-MP/ECO2N code to perform numerical simulation studies of the long-term behavior of CO (sub 2) stored in an aquifer with a sloping caprock. This problem is of great practical interest, and is very challenging due to the importance of multi-scale processes. We find that the mechanism of plume advance is different from what is seen in a forced immiscible displacement, such as gas injection into a water-saturated medium. Instead of pushing the water forward, the plume advances because the vertical pressure gradients within the plume are smaller than hydrostatic, causing the groundwater column to collapse ahead of the plume tip. Increased resistance to vertical flow of aqueous phase in anisotropic media leads to reduced speed of up-dip plume advancement. Vertical equilibrium models that ignore effects of vertical flow will overpredict the speed of plume advancement. The CO (sub 2) plume becomes thinner as it advances, but the speed of advancement remains constant over the entire simulation period of up to 400 years, with migration distances of more than 80 km. Our simulations include dissolution of CO (sub 2) into the aqueous phase and associated density increase, and molecular diffusion. However, no convection develops in the aqueous phase because it is suppressed by the relatively coarse (sub-) horizontal gridding required in a regional-scale model. A first crude sub-grid-scale model was developed to represent convective enhancement of CO (sub 2) dissolution. This process is found to greatly reduce the thickness of the CO (sub 2) plume, but, for the parameters used in our simulations, does not affect the speed of plume advancement. Copyright 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V. and The Author(s) JF - Transport in Porous Media AU - Pruess, Karsten AU - Nordbotten, Jan Y1 - 2011/10// PY - 2011 DA - October 2011 SP - 135 EP - 151 PB - Springer, Dordrecht VL - 90 IS - 1 SN - 0169-3913, 0169-3913 KW - TOUGH2 KW - solute transport KW - contaminant plumes KW - aqueous solutions KW - simulation KW - ground water KW - carbon dioxide KW - fluid injection KW - transport KW - movement KW - saline composition KW - hydrology KW - numerical models KW - underground storage KW - pollution KW - porosity KW - aquifers KW - computer programs KW - immiscibility KW - brines KW - underground installations KW - cap rocks KW - hydraulic conductivity KW - underground disposal KW - permeability KW - 30:Engineering geology KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1803775952?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transport+in+Porous+Media&rft.atitle=Numerical+simulation+studies+of+the+long-term+evolution+of+a+CO+%28sub+2%29+plume+in+a+saline+aquifer+with+a+sloping+caprock&rft.au=Pruess%2C+Karsten%3BNordbotten%2C+Jan&rft.aulast=Pruess&rft.aufirst=Karsten&rft.date=2011-10-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=135&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transport+in+Porous+Media&rft.issn=01693913&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs11242-011-9729-6 L2 - http://springerlink.metapress.com/(l4tqdq55jga2hgb0achos1qm)/app/home/journal.asp?referrer=parent&backto=linkingpublicationresults,1:100342,1 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 2009 TOUGH symposium N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by Springer Verlag, Berlin, Federal Republic of Germany N1 - Date revised - 2016-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 45 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2016-07-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aqueous solutions; aquifers; brines; cap rocks; carbon dioxide; computer programs; contaminant plumes; fluid injection; ground water; hydraulic conductivity; hydrology; immiscibility; movement; numerical models; permeability; pollution; porosity; saline composition; simulation; solute transport; TOUGH2; transport; underground disposal; underground installations; underground storage DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11242-011-9729-6 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Injection of acid gas mixtures in sour oil reservoirs; analysis of near-wellbore processes with coupled modelling of well and reservoir flow AN - 1803775947; 2016-060776 AB - The reinjection of sour or acid gas mixtures is often required for the exploitation of hydrocarbon reservoirs containing remarkable amounts of acid gases (H (sub 2) S and CO (sub 2) ) to reduce the environmental impact of field exploitation and provide pressure support for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) purposes. Sour and acid gas injection in geological structures can be modelled with TMGAS, a new Equation of State (EOS) module for the TOUGH2 reservoir simulator. TMGAS can simulate the two-phase behaviour of NaCl-dominated brines in equilibrium with a non-aqueous (NA) phase, made up of inorganic gases such as CO (sub 2) and H (sub 2) S and hydrocarbons (pure as well as pseudo-components), up to the high pressures ( approximately 100 MPa) and temperatures ( approximately 200 degrees C) found in deep sedimentary basins. This study is focused on the near-wellbore processes driven by the injection of an acid gas mixture in a hypothetical high-pressure, under-saturated sour oil reservoir at a well-sector scale and at conditions for which the injected gas is fully miscible with the oil. Relevant-coupled processes are simulated, including the displacement of oil originally in place, the evaporation of connate brine, the salt concentration and consequent halite precipitation, as well as non-isothermal effects generated by the injection of the acid gas mixture at temperatures lower than initial reservoir temperature. Non-isothermal effects are studied by modelling in a coupled way wellbore and reservoir flow with a modified version of the TOUGH2 reservoir simulator. The described approach is limited to single-phase wellbore flow conditions occurring when injecting sour, acid or greenhouse gas mixtures in high-pressure geological structures. Copyright 2010 Springer Science+Business Media B.V. JF - Transport in Porous Media AU - Battistelli, Alfredo AU - Ceragioli, Paola AU - Marcolini, Marica Y1 - 2011/10// PY - 2011 DA - October 2011 SP - 233 EP - 251 PB - Springer, Dordrecht VL - 90 IS - 1 SN - 0169-3913, 0169-3913 KW - TOUGH2 KW - solute transport KW - halides KW - petroleum engineering KW - coupling KW - fluid dynamics KW - simulation KW - remediation KW - air pollution KW - transport KW - mixing KW - chlorides KW - hydrology KW - acids KW - carbon sequestration KW - Darcy's law KW - pollution KW - enhanced recovery KW - porosity KW - halite KW - flows KW - computer programs KW - gas injection KW - physical properties KW - formation evaluation KW - brines KW - multiphase flow KW - petrography KW - thermomechanical properties KW - reservoir properties KW - hydraulic conductivity KW - underground disposal KW - permeability KW - miscibility gap KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1803775947?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transport+in+Porous+Media&rft.atitle=Injection+of+acid+gas+mixtures+in+sour+oil+reservoirs%3B+analysis+of+near-wellbore+processes+with+coupled+modelling+of+well+and+reservoir+flow&rft.au=Battistelli%2C+Alfredo%3BCeragioli%2C+Paola%3BMarcolini%2C+Marica&rft.aulast=Battistelli&rft.aufirst=Alfredo&rft.date=2011-10-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=233&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transport+in+Porous+Media&rft.issn=01693913&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs11242-010-9685-6 L2 - http://springerlink.metapress.com/(l4tqdq55jga2hgb0achos1qm)/app/home/journal.asp?referrer=parent&backto=linkingpublicationresults,1:100342,1 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 2009 TOUGH symposium N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by Springer Verlag, Berlin, Federal Republic of Germany N1 - Date revised - 2016-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 40 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 5 tables N1 - Last updated - 2016-07-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - acids; air pollution; brines; carbon sequestration; chlorides; computer programs; coupling; Darcy's law; enhanced recovery; flows; fluid dynamics; formation evaluation; gas injection; halides; halite; hydraulic conductivity; hydrology; miscibility gap; mixing; multiphase flow; permeability; petrography; petroleum engineering; physical properties; pollution; porosity; remediation; reservoir properties; simulation; solute transport; thermomechanical properties; TOUGH2; transport; underground disposal DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11242-010-9685-6 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Injection, flow, and mixing of CO (sub 2) in porous media with residual gas AN - 1803775833; 2016-060774 JF - Transport in Porous Media AU - Oldenburg, C M AU - Doughty, Christine Y1 - 2011/10// PY - 2011 DA - October 2011 SP - 201 EP - 218 PB - Springer, Dordrecht VL - 90 IS - 1 SN - 0169-3913, 0169-3913 KW - TOUGH2 KW - solute transport KW - petroleum engineering KW - capillary pressure KW - aliphatic hydrocarbons KW - simulation KW - remediation KW - transport KW - mixing KW - diffusivity KW - liquid phase KW - hydrology KW - methane KW - carbon sequestration KW - numerical models KW - gaseous phase KW - tortuosity KW - pollution KW - porous materials KW - enhanced recovery KW - alkanes KW - porosity KW - flows KW - computer programs KW - gas injection KW - organic compounds KW - saturation KW - brines KW - multiphase flow KW - hydrocarbons KW - thermomechanical properties KW - reservoir properties KW - thermal effects KW - permeability KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1803775833?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transport+in+Porous+Media&rft.atitle=Injection%2C+flow%2C+and+mixing+of+CO+%28sub+2%29+in+porous+media+with+residual+gas&rft.au=Oldenburg%2C+C+M%3BDoughty%2C+Christine&rft.aulast=Oldenburg&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2011-10-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=201&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transport+in+Porous+Media&rft.issn=01693913&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs11242-010-9645-1 L2 - http://springerlink.metapress.com/(l4tqdq55jga2hgb0achos1qm)/app/home/journal.asp?referrer=parent&backto=linkingpublicationresults,1:100342,1 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 2009 TOUGH symposium N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by Springer Verlag, Berlin, Federal Republic of Germany N1 - Date revised - 2016-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 23 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2016-07-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aliphatic hydrocarbons; alkanes; brines; capillary pressure; carbon sequestration; computer programs; diffusivity; enhanced recovery; flows; gas injection; gaseous phase; hydrocarbons; hydrology; liquid phase; methane; mixing; multiphase flow; numerical models; organic compounds; permeability; petroleum engineering; pollution; porosity; porous materials; remediation; reservoir properties; saturation; simulation; solute transport; thermal effects; thermomechanical properties; tortuosity; TOUGH2; transport DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11242-010-9645-1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of the gas production potential of some particularly challenging types of oceanic hydrate deposits AN - 1803774924; 2016-060778 AB - We use the TOUGH+HYDRATE code to assess the production potential of some particularly challenging hydrate deposits, i.e., deposits that are characterized by any combination of the following factors: absence of confining boundaries, high thermodynamic stability, low temperatures, low formation permeability. Using high-resolution grids, we show that a new horizontal well design using thermal stimulation coupled with mild depressurization yields production rates that appear modest and insufficient for commercially viable production levels. The use of parallel horizontal wells (with the lower one providing thermal stimulation through heat addition, direct injection or circulation of warm water, and the upper one producing under a mild depressurization regime) offers tantalizing possibilities, and has the potential of allowing commercial production from a very large number of hydrate deposits that are not currently considered as production candidates if the problem of the corresponding large water production can be solved. Copyright 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V. and Springer Science+Business Media B.V. outside the USA JF - Transport in Porous Media AU - Moridis, George J AU - Reagan, Matthew T AU - Boyle, Katie L AU - Zhang, Keni Y1 - 2011/10// PY - 2011 DA - October 2011 SP - 269 EP - 299 PB - Springer, Dordrecht VL - 90 IS - 1 SN - 0169-3913, 0169-3913 KW - TOUGH2 KW - horizontal drilling KW - petroleum engineering KW - gas hydrates KW - thermal conductivity KW - natural gas KW - petroleum KW - simulation KW - production KW - oil wells KW - heat flow KW - hydrodynamics KW - directional drilling KW - drilling KW - thermodynamic properties KW - world ocean KW - numerical models KW - clathrates KW - computer programs KW - physical properties KW - formation evaluation KW - marine environment KW - submarine environment KW - multiphase flow KW - reservoir properties KW - permeability KW - 29A:Economic geology, geology of energy sources KW - 17A:General geophysics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1803774924?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transport+in+Porous+Media&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+the+gas+production+potential+of+some+particularly+challenging+types+of+oceanic+hydrate+deposits&rft.au=Moridis%2C+George+J%3BReagan%2C+Matthew+T%3BBoyle%2C+Katie+L%3BZhang%2C+Keni&rft.aulast=Moridis&rft.aufirst=George&rft.date=2011-10-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=269&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transport+in+Porous+Media&rft.issn=01693913&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs11242-011-9762-5 L2 - http://springerlink.metapress.com/(l4tqdq55jga2hgb0achos1qm)/app/home/journal.asp?referrer=parent&backto=linkingpublicationresults,1:100342,1 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 2009 TOUGH symposium N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by Springer Verlag, Berlin, Federal Republic of Germany N1 - Date revised - 2016-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 34 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2016-07-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - clathrates; computer programs; directional drilling; drilling; formation evaluation; gas hydrates; heat flow; horizontal drilling; hydrodynamics; marine environment; multiphase flow; natural gas; numerical models; oil wells; permeability; petroleum; petroleum engineering; physical properties; production; reservoir properties; simulation; submarine environment; thermal conductivity; thermodynamic properties; TOUGH2; world ocean DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11242-011-9762-5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - 2009 TOUGH symposium AN - 1803774897; 2016-060763 JF - Transport in Porous Media Y1 - 2011/10// PY - 2011 DA - October 2011 SP - 299 PB - Springer, Dordrecht VL - 90 IS - 1 SN - 0169-3913, 0169-3913 KW - TOUGH2 KW - hydrology KW - petroleum engineering KW - hydraulics KW - carbon sequestration KW - porous materials KW - convection KW - environmental management KW - computer programs KW - physical properties KW - transport KW - symposia KW - report KW - hydrodynamics KW - heat transfer KW - reservoir properties KW - hydraulic conductivity KW - underground disposal KW - 30:Engineering geology KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1803774897?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transport+in+Porous+Media&rft.atitle=2009+TOUGH+symposium&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-10-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=299&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transport+in+Porous+Media&rft.issn=01693913&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://springerlink.metapress.com/(l4tqdq55jga2hgb0achos1qm)/app/home/journal.asp?referrer=parent&backto=linkingpublicationresults,1:100342,1 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 2009 TOUGH symposium N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by Springer Verlag, Berlin, Federal Republic of Germany N1 - Date revised - 2016-01-01 N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - SuppNotes - Individual papers are cited separately N1 - Last updated - 2016-07-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - carbon sequestration; computer programs; convection; environmental management; heat transfer; hydraulic conductivity; hydraulics; hydrodynamics; hydrology; petroleum engineering; physical properties; porous materials; report; reservoir properties; symposia; TOUGH2; transport; underground disposal ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A numerical study of microscale flow behavior in tight gas and shale gas reservoir systems AN - 1803774835; 2016-060777 AB - Various attempts have been made to model flow in shale gas systems. However, there is currently little consensus regarding the impact of molecular and Knudsen diffusion on flow behavior over time in such systems. Direct measurement or model-based estimation of matrix permeability for these "ultra-tight" reservoirs has proven unreliable. The composition of gas produced from tight gas and shale gas reservoirs varies with time for a variety of reasons. The cause of flowing gas compositional change typically cited is selective desorption of gases from the surface of the kerogen in the case of shale. However, other drivers for gas fractionation are important when pore throat dimensions are small enough. Pore throat diameters on the order of molecular mean free path lengths will create non-Darcy flow conditions, where permeability becomes a strong function of pressure. At the low permeabilities found in shale gas systems, the dusty-gas model for flow should be used, which couples diffusion to advective flow. In this study we implement the dusty-gas model into a fluid flow modeling tool based on the TOUGH+ family of codes. We examine the effects of Knudsen diffusion on gas composition in ultra-tight rock. We show that for very small average pore throat diameters, lighter gases are preferentially produced at concentrations significantly higher than in situ conditions. Furthermore, we illustrate a methodology which uses measurements of gas composition to more uniquely determine the permeability of tight reservoirs. We also describe how gas composition measurement could be used to identify flow boundaries in these reservoir systems. We discuss how new measurement techniques and data collection practices should be implemented in order to take advantage of this method. Our contributions include a new, fit-for-purpose numerical model based on the TOUGH+ code capable of characterizing transport effects including permeability adjustment and diffusion in micro- and nano-scale porous media. Copyright 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V. JF - Transport in Porous Media AU - Freeman, C Matt AU - Moridis, George J AU - Blasingame, T A Y1 - 2011/10// PY - 2011 DA - October 2011 SP - 253 EP - 268 PB - Springer, Dordrecht VL - 90 IS - 1 SN - 0169-3913, 0169-3913 KW - TOUGH2 KW - petroleum engineering KW - natural gas KW - source rocks KW - aliphatic hydrocarbons KW - petroleum KW - preferential flow KW - fluid dynamics KW - tight sands KW - sedimentary rocks KW - transport KW - diffusivity KW - hydrology KW - methane KW - Darcy's law KW - porous materials KW - mathematical models KW - gas shale KW - alkanes KW - porosity KW - boundary conditions KW - flows KW - computer programs KW - organic compounds KW - multiphase flow KW - hydrocarbons KW - reservoir properties KW - kerogen KW - permeability KW - 29A:Economic geology, geology of energy sources KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1803774835?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transport+in+Porous+Media&rft.atitle=A+numerical+study+of+microscale+flow+behavior+in+tight+gas+and+shale+gas+reservoir+systems&rft.au=Freeman%2C+C+Matt%3BMoridis%2C+George+J%3BBlasingame%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=Freeman&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2011-10-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=253&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transport+in+Porous+Media&rft.issn=01693913&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs11242-011-9761-6 L2 - http://springerlink.metapress.com/(l4tqdq55jga2hgb0achos1qm)/app/home/journal.asp?referrer=parent&backto=linkingpublicationresults,1:100342,1 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 2009 TOUGH symposium N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by Springer Verlag, Berlin, Federal Republic of Germany N1 - Date revised - 2016-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 34 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2016-07-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aliphatic hydrocarbons; alkanes; boundary conditions; computer programs; Darcy's law; diffusivity; flows; fluid dynamics; gas shale; hydrocarbons; hydrology; kerogen; mathematical models; methane; multiphase flow; natural gas; organic compounds; permeability; petroleum; petroleum engineering; porosity; porous materials; preferential flow; reservoir properties; sedimentary rocks; source rocks; tight sands; TOUGH2; transport DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11242-011-9761-6 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Impact of water consumption and saturation-dependent corrosion rate on hydrogen generation and migration from an intermediate-level radioactive waste repository AN - 1803774786; 2016-060767 AB - The corrosion of metals contained in intermediate-level long-lived waste (ILW) under reduced chemical condition will lead to the production of hydrogen gas during the post-closure phase of a deep geological repository for radioactive waste. According to previous investigations by Talandier et al. (Proceedings of TOUGH symposium 2006, Berkeley, 2006), the period of concern covers several 1,000 years after closure of a repository in a clay host rock (Callovo-Oxfordian). The limited hydrogen transport efficiency of the host rock will lead to significant saturation of the concrete waste canister pore space and voids with a gas phase and pressure build-up within the emplacement drifts. On the other hand, the water availability is limited as a result of (i) the low permeability of the clay host rock and (ii) the desaturation of the rock mass close to the drift wall due to the ventilation of the drifts during the operational phase of the repository. In former numerical simulations it was assumed that under the reducing chemical conditions prevailing in the repository, the corrosion rate would be a function of the available metal surface and the temperature only. In this paper, simulation results based on new phenomenological functions are presented, which were implemented in TOUGH2. These allow taking into account (i) a water saturation dependency of the hydrogen generation rate, (ii) the water consumption due to the corrosion process, and (iii) the total metal mass available for corrosion. The paper presents results of 1D radial and 2D vertical simulations of a typical cross-section of a waste emplacement drift and the surrounding rock mass. The interactions between water availability from the low permeable clay, the dependency of the hydrogen generation rates from the water saturation of the waste package and the hydrogen migration in the host rock are demonstrated. Copyright 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V. JF - Transport in Porous Media AU - Croise, Jean AU - Mayer, Gerhard AU - Talandier, Jean AU - Wendling, Jacques Y1 - 2011/10// PY - 2011 DA - October 2011 SP - 59 EP - 75 PB - Springer, Dordrecht VL - 90 IS - 1 SN - 0169-3913, 0169-3913 KW - TOUGH2 KW - solute transport KW - survey organizations KW - magnesium KW - saturated materials KW - government agencies KW - Europe KW - simulation KW - radioactive waste KW - France KW - sedimentary rocks KW - chemical reactions KW - transport KW - pore pressure KW - aluminum KW - ANDRA KW - hydrodynamics KW - alloys KW - intermediate-level waste KW - hydrology KW - corrosion KW - alkaline earth metals KW - two-phase models KW - Western Europe KW - Darcy's law KW - migration of elements KW - boundary conditions KW - computer programs KW - claystone KW - metals KW - hydrogen KW - multiphase flow KW - anaerobic environment KW - waste disposal KW - clastic rocks KW - underground disposal KW - pore water KW - permeability KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1803774786?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transport+in+Porous+Media&rft.atitle=Impact+of+water+consumption+and+saturation-dependent+corrosion+rate+on+hydrogen+generation+and+migration+from+an+intermediate-level+radioactive+waste+repository&rft.au=Croise%2C+Jean%3BMayer%2C+Gerhard%3BTalandier%2C+Jean%3BWendling%2C+Jacques&rft.aulast=Croise&rft.aufirst=Jean&rft.date=2011-10-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=59&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transport+in+Porous+Media&rft.issn=01693913&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs11242-011-9803-0 L2 - http://springerlink.metapress.com/(l4tqdq55jga2hgb0achos1qm)/app/home/journal.asp?referrer=parent&backto=linkingpublicationresults,1:100342,1 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 2009 TOUGH symposium N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by Springer Verlag, Berlin, Federal Republic of Germany N1 - Date revised - 2016-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 12 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2016-07-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - alkaline earth metals; alloys; aluminum; anaerobic environment; ANDRA; boundary conditions; chemical reactions; clastic rocks; claystone; computer programs; corrosion; Darcy's law; Europe; France; government agencies; hydrodynamics; hydrogen; hydrology; intermediate-level waste; magnesium; metals; migration of elements; multiphase flow; permeability; pore pressure; pore water; radioactive waste; saturated materials; sedimentary rocks; simulation; solute transport; survey organizations; TOUGH2; transport; two-phase models; underground disposal; waste disposal; Western Europe DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11242-011-9803-0 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Usability of residential thermostats: Preliminary investigations AN - 1777118886; 15161816 AB - Residential thermostats control 9% of the total energy use in the United States and similar amounts in most developed countries; however, the details of how people use them have been largely ignored. Five parallel investigations related to the usability of residential thermostats were undertaken. No single investigation was representative of the whole population, but each gave insights into different groups or usage patterns. Personal interviews revealed widespread misunderstanding of thermostat operation. The on-line surveys found that most thermostats were selected by previous residents, landlords, or other agents. The majority of occupants operated thermostats manually, rather than relying on their programmable features and almost 90% of respondents reported that they rarely or never adjusted the thermostat to set a weekend or weekday program. Photographs of thermostats were collected in one on-line survey, which revealed that about 20% of the thermostats displayed the wrong time and that about 50% of the respondents set their programmable thermostats on "long term hold" (or its equivalent). Low-income families were visited and their thermostats photographed. Even though 85% of the respondents declared that they use programming features to automatically raise or lower the temperature, the photos indicated that 45% were in hold. Laboratory tests were undertaken to measure usability of thermostats. A measurement protocol was developed and a metric was created that could quantitatively distinguish usability among five thermostats. This metric could be used to establish minimum levels of usability in programmable thermostats and other energy-using devices with complex controls. JF - Building and Environment AU - Meier, Alan AU - Aragon, Cecilia AU - Peffer, Therese AU - Perry, Daniel AU - Pritoni, Marco AD - Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA Y1 - 2011/10// PY - 2011 DA - October 2011 SP - 1891 EP - 1898 PB - Elsevier B.V., P.O. Box 800 Kidlington Oxford OX5 1DX United Kingdom VL - 46 IS - 10 SN - 0360-1323, 0360-1323 KW - Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); CSA / ASCE Civil Engineering Abstracts (CE); ANTE: Abstracts in New Technologies and Engineering (AN) KW - Programmable thermostat KW - User interface KW - Amazon mechanical turk KW - Usability test procedure KW - Energy star KW - Energy conservation KW - Energy use KW - Equivalence KW - Programming KW - On-line systems KW - Residential KW - Devices KW - Surveys KW - Thermostats KW - Yes:(AN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1777118886?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Building+and+Environment&rft.atitle=Usability+of+residential+thermostats%3A+Preliminary+investigations&rft.au=Meier%2C+Alan%3BAragon%2C+Cecilia%3BPeffer%2C+Therese%3BPerry%2C+Daniel%3BPritoni%2C+Marco&rft.aulast=Meier&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft.date=2011-10-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1891&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Building+and+Environment&rft.issn=03601323&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.buildenv.2011.03.009 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-18 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2011.03.009 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Laser ablation molecular isotope spectroscopy; a next generation LIBS technology for real-time isotope measurements AN - 1473586781; 2013-005460 AB - A new approach based on molecular emission in a laser plasma has been developed for measuring isotopes in real time and at atmospheric pressure. The technology is called LAMIS for Laser Ablation Molecular Isotope Spectroscopy. Laser ablation (LA) is the driving process for removing a tiny amount sample and creating a small luminous optical plasma. By measuring the optical emission from this plasma, all chemical elements in a sample can be immediately analyzed. Benefits of laser ablation include no sample preparation, no consumables, every sample, real-time analysis, and field use. Understanding the fundamentals of the ablation process has led to improvements in accuracy and precision for direct solid sample chemical analysis. In general, this technology provides ppm sensitivity for elemental analysis and also allows molecular classification based on database libraries and chemometrics. Isotopic analysis has been reported using LIBS, with almost all of the previous measurements performed at reduced pressure. However, this talk will discuss the ability to measure isotope splitting in laser ablation plasmas at atmospheric pressure using only a small spectrometer with relatively low resolving power. Examples of LAMIS for light elements C and B, and for Sr will be presented. JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Russo, Rick AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/10// PY - 2011 DA - October 2011 SP - 233 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 43 IS - 5 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - technology KW - laser methods KW - laser ablation molecular isotope spectroscopy KW - LIBS spectra KW - laser ablation KW - spectra KW - geochemistry KW - emission spectra KW - 02A:General geochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1473586781?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Laser+ablation+molecular+isotope+spectroscopy%3B+a+next+generation+LIBS+technology+for+real-time+isotope+measurements&rft.au=Russo%2C+Rick%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Russo&rft.aufirst=Rick&rft.date=2011-10-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=233&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, 2011 annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2013, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by the Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States N1 - Date revised - 2013-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2014-01-02 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - emission spectra; geochemistry; laser ablation; laser ablation molecular isotope spectroscopy; laser methods; LIBS spectra; spectra; technology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tight gas; from pore-scale to well decline curve analysis AN - 1351595521; 2013-039543 AB - Tight gas sands and gas shales are characterized by extremely low permeability of the rock. The efficiency of recovery operations depends on better understanding of the underlying pore-scale mechanisms of single and multi-phase gas flow. Micron-scale computed tomography and focused ion beam imaging techniques reveal the complexity of the 3D pore space geometry. A volume of tens of microns across can include a very rich diversity of minerals and grain sizes. The images also show how different the rock samples from different formations can be. Application of the pore-scale analysis to modeling gas flow into a fractured well leads to an analytically-described decline type curve. The curve consists of two regimes: a square-root-of-time decline in early production is followed by an exponential decline later on. Even though the underlying assumptions include great simplifications, production data from a number of gas shale wells verify the modeling results. JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Silin, Dmitriy B AU - Kneafsey, Timothy J AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/10// PY - 2011 DA - October 2011 SP - 567 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 43 IS - 5 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - tomography KW - models KW - oil wells KW - sedimentary rocks KW - natural gas KW - petroleum KW - gas shale KW - tight sands KW - porosity KW - permeability KW - 29A:Economic geology, geology of energy sources UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1351595521?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Tight+gas%3B+from+pore-scale+to+well+decline+curve+analysis&rft.au=Silin%2C+Dmitriy+B%3BKneafsey%2C+Timothy+J%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Silin&rft.aufirst=Dmitriy&rft.date=2011-10-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=567&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, 2011 annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2013, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by the Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States N1 - Date revised - 2013-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2013-05-16 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - gas shale; models; natural gas; oil wells; permeability; petroleum; porosity; sedimentary rocks; tight sands; tomography ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A calcium isotope test of end-Permian ocean acidification using biogenic apatite AN - 1328504092; 2013-032987 AB - Submarine erosional truncation of uppermost Permian carbonate strata has been interpreted to reflect ocean acidification coincident with the end-Permian mass extinction. Although this scenario is consistent with carbon isotope and paleontological data, several alternative scenarios, such as ocean overturn or collapse of the biological pump, can also account for the carbon isotope and paleontological evidence. Calcium isotopes provide a geochemical proxy to test between acidification and alternative scenarios. Specifically, a negative shift in the calcium isotope composition (delta (super 44/40) Ca) of seawater is predicted under the acidification scenario but not the alternatives. The delta (super 44/40) Ca of carbonate rocks from south China exhibits a negative excursion of approximately 0.3ppm, but this shift could result from either a change in the delta (super 44/40) Ca of seawater or a change in carbonate mineralogy because calcite and aragonite exhibit substantially different fractionation factors relative to seawater. To test whether the negative shift in delta (super 44/40) Ca reflects seawater delta (super 44/40) Ca or carbonate mineralogy, we measured the delta (super 44/40) Ca of conodont microfossils (calcium hydroxyapatite) from the global stratotype section for the Permian-Triassic boundary at Meishan, China. The conodont delta (super 44/40) Ca record shows a negative excursion similar in stratigraphic position and magnitude to that previously observed in carbonate rocks. Parallel negative excursions in the delta (super 44/40) Ca of carbonate rocks and conodont microfossils cannot be accounted for by a change in carbonate mineralogy but are consistent with a negative shift in the delta (super 44/40) Ca of seawater. These data add further support for the ocean acidification scenario, pointing toward strong similarities between the greatest catastrophe in the history of animal life and anticipated global change during the 21 (super st) century. JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Hinojosa, Jessica L AU - Brown, Shaun T AU - DePaolo, Donald J AU - Paytan, Adina AU - Shen, Shuzhong AU - Chen, Jun AU - Payne, Jonathan L AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/10// PY - 2011 DA - October 2011 SP - 382 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 43 IS - 5 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - calcium KW - apatite KW - alkaline earth metals KW - isotopes KW - Conodonta KW - Paleozoic KW - isotope ratios KW - phosphates KW - Permian KW - stable isotopes KW - Mesozoic KW - Lower Triassic KW - Upper Permian KW - Ca-44/Ca-40 KW - Triassic KW - metals KW - Permian-Triassic boundary KW - acidification KW - stratigraphic boundary KW - mass extinctions KW - microfossils KW - 12:Stratigraphy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1328504092?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=A+calcium+isotope+test+of+end-Permian+ocean+acidification+using+biogenic+apatite&rft.au=Hinojosa%2C+Jessica+L%3BBrown%2C+Shaun+T%3BDePaolo%2C+Donald+J%3BPaytan%2C+Adina%3BShen%2C+Shuzhong%3BChen%2C+Jun%3BPayne%2C+Jonathan+L%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Hinojosa&rft.aufirst=Jessica&rft.date=2011-10-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=382&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, 2011 annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2013, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by the Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States N1 - Date revised - 2013-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2013-04-19 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - acidification; alkaline earth metals; apatite; Ca-44/Ca-40; calcium; Conodonta; isotope ratios; isotopes; Lower Triassic; mass extinctions; Mesozoic; metals; microfossils; Paleozoic; Permian; Permian-Triassic boundary; phosphates; stable isotopes; stratigraphic boundary; Triassic; Upper Permian ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Constraints on ocean biogeochemistry during the end-Guadalupian biotic crisis from stable calcium isotopes AN - 1328503817; 2013-032989 AB - The end-Guadalupian biotic crisis (ca. 260 Mya) has been linked to flood basalt volcanism from the Emeishan LIP (South China) and its environmental effects; however, the exact environmental consequences of volcanism and the causes of diversity loss, as well as a temporal link, remain poorly constrained. Anomalously high carbonate carbon isotope (delta (super 13) C) values are ubiquitous in Capitanian-age carbonates (referred to as the "Kamura Event"), and are followed by a negative excursion in delta (super 13) C during the latest Capitanian. Carbon isotopes alone are insufficient to distinguish among numerous scenarios for changes in ocean biogeochemistry and losses in biodiversity, such as ocean acidification, ocean stagnation and overturn, and collapse of the biological pump. Because the carbon and calcium cycles are intimately linked via the weathering and burial of CaCO (sub 3) sediment, changes in the calcium cycle and calcium isotope record can be used to place further constraints on carbon cycle behavior and Earth system change. In this study, we present the first record of stable calcium isotopes (delta (super 44/40) Ca) for Guadalupian- and Lopingian-age carbonates from Penglaitan, South China, the global stratotype section and point (GSSP) for the Guadalupian-Lopingian boundary. We further corroborate the delta (super 44/40) Ca record of carbonates with a delta (super 44/40) Ca record from conodont calcium hydroxapatite. We use a coupled model of the calcium and carbon cycles to investigate the behavior of the respective isotope systems during hypothesized causes of the end-Guadalupian crisis. Results indicate that if ocean acidification occurred during this interval, the magnitude of change in ocean pH and carbonate saturation state was much smaller than that associated with the subsequent end-Permian mass extinction. Ongoing efforts aim at expanding and refining these records, and at establishing a temporal framework that allows the correlation of purported causes and effects of the biotic crisis (this research is supported by NSF grants 0923669 and 0923620). JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Jost, Adam B AU - Mundil, Roland AU - He, Bin AU - Brown, Shaun T AU - DePaolo, Donald J AU - Payne, Jonathan L AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/10// PY - 2011 DA - October 2011 SP - 382 EP - 383 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 43 IS - 5 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - calcium KW - alkaline earth metals KW - Far East KW - isotopes KW - Guadalupian KW - Paleozoic KW - isotope ratios KW - biochemistry KW - Permian KW - stable isotopes KW - Mesozoic KW - Lower Triassic KW - Upper Permian KW - Ca-44/Ca-40 KW - Triassic KW - metals KW - Permian-Triassic boundary KW - stratigraphic boundary KW - Asia KW - China KW - 12:Stratigraphy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1328503817?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Constraints+on+ocean+biogeochemistry+during+the+end-Guadalupian+biotic+crisis+from+stable+calcium+isotopes&rft.au=Jost%2C+Adam+B%3BMundil%2C+Roland%3BHe%2C+Bin%3BBrown%2C+Shaun+T%3BDePaolo%2C+Donald+J%3BPayne%2C+Jonathan+L%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Jost&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft.date=2011-10-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=382&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, 2011 annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2013, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by the Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States N1 - Date revised - 2013-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2013-04-19 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - alkaline earth metals; Asia; biochemistry; Ca-44/Ca-40; calcium; China; Far East; Guadalupian; isotope ratios; isotopes; Lower Triassic; Mesozoic; metals; Paleozoic; Permian; Permian-Triassic boundary; stable isotopes; stratigraphic boundary; Triassic; Upper Permian ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fluid flow in a fluvial formation revealed by continual monitoring of fluid chemistry during injection of carbon dioxide AN - 1320155748; 2013-027291 AB - At Cranfield, Mississippi, U.S.A., large-scale carbon dioxide (CO (sub 2) ) injection through an injection well ( approximately 3,080 m deep) was closely monitored by a series of downhole tools in two observation wells. The injection to the Lower Tuscaloosa Formation injection zone, which consists of amalgamated fluvial point-bar and channel-fill deposits, presented a great opportunity to study the control of sedimentary architecture on fluid flow. U-tube samplers were installed in two observation wells for frequent fluid sampling and provided valuable insight for fluid flow in the CO (sub 2) injection zone. Continual fluid sampling was carried out during the first month of CO (sub 2) injection in December 2009. Two subsequent tracer tests (April and May 2010) using sulfur hexafluoride (SF (sub 6) ) and krypton as vapor-phase tracers were conducted at different injection rates to measure injectate travel time and tracer dilution. The monitoring results show considerable heterogeneity of fluid flow between the wells (the observation wells are 68m and 112 m east to the injection well, respectively). It is found that the injector was connected to the observation wells through different flow pathways. Gas compositions after breakthrough suggest that multiple injectate fronts arrived at the observation wells through different preferential pathways at different times. The arrival of the flow fronts were marked by temporary increase of concentrations of methane and tracers. The change of gas flow velocity along different flow paths was not proportional to the change of injection rate. The flow pathways evolved with time. After five months of flooding, CO (sub 2) travel time between wells slowed, suggesting increase of CO (sub 2) saturation in and around flow paths or development of new flow paths. Reservoir flow simulation was performed to match the gas composition evolution. Modeling reproduces the fluctuations in CH (sub 4) and CO (sub 2) concentrations after the arrival of the injectate. It shows that CH (sub 4) degasses from brine and is enriched along the contact of water-gas contact. Multiple flow paths bring methane-rich gas at the front of the flow into the observation wells at different times. JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Lu, Jiemin AU - Cook, Paul AU - Hosseini, Seyyed A AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/10// PY - 2011 DA - October 2011 SP - 455 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 43 IS - 5 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - United States KW - aliphatic hydrocarbons KW - observation wells KW - simulation KW - carbon dioxide KW - Adams County Mississippi KW - sedimentary rocks KW - sampling KW - Cranfield Mississippi KW - tracers KW - velocity KW - heterogeneity KW - North America KW - monitoring KW - methane KW - gas-water interface KW - Mississippi KW - bars KW - alkanes KW - Gulf Coastal Plain KW - gas injection KW - organic compounds KW - hydrocarbons KW - fluvial features KW - point bars KW - fluvial environment KW - 06A:Sedimentary petrology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1320155748?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Fluid+flow+in+a+fluvial+formation+revealed+by+continual+monitoring+of+fluid+chemistry+during+injection+of+carbon+dioxide&rft.au=Lu%2C+Jiemin%3BCook%2C+Paul%3BHosseini%2C+Seyyed+A%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Lu&rft.aufirst=Jiemin&rft.date=2011-10-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=455&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, 2011 annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2013, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by the Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States N1 - Date revised - 2013-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2013-03-28 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Adams County Mississippi; aliphatic hydrocarbons; alkanes; bars; carbon dioxide; Cranfield Mississippi; fluvial environment; fluvial features; gas injection; gas-water interface; Gulf Coastal Plain; heterogeneity; hydrocarbons; methane; Mississippi; monitoring; North America; observation wells; organic compounds; point bars; sampling; sedimentary rocks; simulation; tracers; United States; velocity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analytical solutions for pressure perturbation and leakage through aquitards and wells in multilayered aquifer systems AN - 1151912282; 2012-097761 AB - Large-scale groundwater pumping or deep fluid injection in a multilayered subsurface system may generate pressure perturbation not only in the target formation(s), but also in over- and underlying units. Hydraulic communication in the vertical direction may occur via diffuse leakage through aquitards and/or via focused leakage through leaky wells. Existing analytical solutions for pressure perturbation and fluid flow in such systems consider either diffuse leakage or focused leakage, but never in combination with each other. This study presents generalized analytical solutions for pressure buildup and leakage rates in a multilayered aquifer-aquitard system consisting of any number of aquifers, alternating aquitards, injection wells, and leaky wells. The equations of horizontal groundwater flow in the aquifers are coupled by the vertical flow equations in the aquitards and by the continuity equations in the leaky wells. The general solutions were obtained by applying the Laplace Transform method and eigenvalue analysis to the governing equations. Accuracy of the solutions was demonstrated by comparison with other analytical solutions as well as with detailed numerical predictions. Application to an eight-aquifer system with leaky aquitards and one leaky well demonstrates the usefulness and efficiency of the approach, and illustrates the pressure behavior over a spectrum of leakage scenarios and parameters. JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Cihan, Abdullah AU - Zhou, Quanlin AU - Birkholzer, Jens T AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/10// PY - 2011 DA - October 2011 SP - 81 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 43 IS - 5 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - pressure KW - pumping KW - hydraulic conductivity KW - equations KW - aquitards KW - water wells KW - ground water KW - aquifers KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1151912282?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Analytical+solutions+for+pressure+perturbation+and+leakage+through+aquitards+and+wells+in+multilayered+aquifer+systems&rft.au=Cihan%2C+Abdullah%3BZhou%2C+Quanlin%3BBirkholzer%2C+Jens+T%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Cihan&rft.aufirst=Abdullah&rft.date=2011-10-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=81&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, 2011 annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by the Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-11-15 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifers; aquitards; equations; ground water; hydraulic conductivity; pressure; pumping; water wells ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of the 'lose your excuse' public service advertising campaign for tweens to save energy AN - 1015465023; 4295144 AB - This study evaluates the 2008-2009 'Lose your Excuse' public service advertising (PSA) campaign on energy efficiency targeting 8- to 12-year-olds, intended to increase knowledge, foster proactive attitudes, and change energy usage behaviors. Baseline and two follow-up surveys were conducted with online samples representative of the national population of households with kids with online access. Almost half (47%) of the tweens recognized at least one ad from the campaign. Ad recognition was positively associated with knowledge, proactive attitudes, and energy-saving behavior. Propensity score analysis confirmed a small but measurable and statistically significant effect on energy-saving behavior. The discussion section compares these results to public health campaigns in terms of ghost awareness, reach, and effect size. Reprinted by permission of Sage Publications, Inc. JF - Evaluation review AU - Bertrand, Jane T AU - Goldman, Patty AU - Zhivan, Natalia AU - Agyeman, Yaw AU - Barber, Erin AD - Tulane University ; Ad Council ; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory ; C&R Research Y1 - 2011/10// PY - 2011 DA - Oct 2011 SP - 455 EP - 489 VL - 35 IS - 5 SN - 0193-841X, 0193-841X KW - Sociology KW - Tweens KW - Energy efficiency KW - Attitudes KW - Media KW - Public knowledge KW - Advertising KW - Youth KW - Public health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1015465023?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aibss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Evaluation+review&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+the+%27lose+your+excuse%27+public+service+advertising+campaign+for+tweens+to+save+energy&rft.au=Bertrand%2C+Jane+T%3BGoldman%2C+Patty%3BZhivan%2C+Natalia%3BAgyeman%2C+Yaw%3BBarber%2C+Erin&rft.aulast=Bertrand&rft.aufirst=Jane&rft.date=2011-10-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=455&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Evaluation+review&rft.issn=0193841X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F0193841X11428489 LA - English DB - International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS) N1 - Date revised - 2013-06-12 N1 - Last updated - 2013-09-16 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - 4255 4276 4249 2805 3872 554 971; 608 7738 11245 11239; 7862 2572; 13779 652 5676 646 6091; 10457 7073; 1378 10404; 10449 5772 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0193841X11428489 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Scientific issues related to geologic storage of carbon sequestration; learning from nuclear waste and Yucca Mountain R&D AN - 1015460586; 2012-049374 JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Birkholzer, Jens T AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/10// PY - 2011 DA - October 2011 SP - 197 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 43 IS - 5 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - United States KW - risk management KW - carbon sequestration KW - waste disposal sites KW - Nye County Nevada KW - environmental analysis KW - radioactive waste KW - carbon dioxide KW - models KW - environmental management KW - case studies KW - waste management KW - mitigation KW - land management KW - risk assessment KW - waste disposal KW - Yucca Mountain KW - Nevada KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1015460586?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Scientific+issues+related+to+geologic+storage+of+carbon+sequestration%3B+learning+from+nuclear+waste+and+Yucca+Mountain+R%26amp%3BD&rft.au=Birkholzer%2C+Jens+T%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Birkholzer&rft.aufirst=Jens&rft.date=2011-10-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=197&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2011AM/finalprogram/abstract_193841.htm LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, 2011 annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by the Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - carbon dioxide; carbon sequestration; case studies; environmental analysis; environmental management; land management; mitigation; models; Nevada; Nye County Nevada; radioactive waste; risk assessment; risk management; United States; waste disposal; waste disposal sites; waste management; Yucca Mountain ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toward rational design of bacterial genomes AN - 1014100836; 15913049 AB - The advent of genetic engineering - the ability to edit and insert DNA into living organisms - in the latter half of the 20th century created visions of a new era of synthetic biology, where novel biological functions could be designed and implemented for useful purposes. We are witnessing an exciting revolution of scale, wherein technical progresses allow for the manipulation of genetic material at the whole genome level. This will enable the manufacture of increasingly complex genetic designs to solve pressing challenges in health, energy and the environment - if and when such designs can be specified. We argue that the organized development of key common application organisms, engineered for engineerability, and attendant libraries of parts, pathways and standardized manufacturing are necessary for this genome-scale technology to realize its promise. JF - Current Opinion in Microbiology AU - Cambray, Guillaume AU - Mutalik, Vivek K AU - Arkin, Adam P AD - BioFAB, 5885 Hollis Street, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA, aparkin@lbl.gov Y1 - 2011/10// PY - 2011 DA - Oct 2011 SP - 624 EP - 630 PB - Elsevier B.V., The Boulevard Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB United Kingdom VL - 14 IS - 5 SN - 1369-5274, 1369-5274 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Genomes KW - Bacteria KW - Vision KW - Reviews KW - Energy KW - Genetic engineering KW - DNA KW - J 02310:Genetics & Taxonomy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1014100836?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Opinion+in+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Toward+rational+design+of+bacterial+genomes&rft.au=Cambray%2C+Guillaume%3BMutalik%2C+Vivek+K%3BArkin%2C+Adam+P&rft.aulast=Cambray&rft.aufirst=Guillaume&rft.date=2011-10-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=624&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+Opinion+in+Microbiology&rft.issn=13695274&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.mib.2011.08.001 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-06-26 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Genomes; Vision; Genetic engineering; Energy; Reviews; DNA; Bacteria DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mib.2011.08.001 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - From bacterial finches to bactivorous meiofauna; microbial biogeography of the deep crustal biosphere AN - 1011394177; 2012-045305 AB - The biogeography of subsurface microorganisms in the fractured rock of the continental crust is controlled by interconnected, fluid-filled fractures, which occupy approximately 0.01%. The "habitable" matrix porosity ranges from 0.005 to 0.0005% and is much less interconnected. For the past 10 years the cellular abundance and the phylogenetic diversity of the occupants of this environment have been examined in the Witwatersrand Basin and Bushveld Igneous Complex in South Africa. From the 37 fractures intersected by sampled boreholes, 719 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) have been identified based upon 3% identity in the 16S rRNA gene sequences. For shallow fractures (0.6-1.5 km depth) Proteobacteria dominate the phylotypes, and for deeper fractures (2.0-3.8 km depth) Firmicutes dominate the phylotypes. The bacterial abundance ranges from 10 (super 4) to 10 (super 5) cells mL (super -1) with negligible correlation with depth. Archaea comprise 3% of the diversity and approximately 0.1% of the cellular abundance. The number of OTUs within a single fracture range from 1 to 20 with the greatest diversity associated with those fractures with the youngest fracture water ages (<35 kyr). Fifty OTUs occur in more than one fracture and of these only 3 OTUs occur across the Witwatersrand Basin, and they are restricted to great depth. These deep, yet widely distributed OTUs, one of which is candidatus D. audaxviator, may represent subsurface bacterial "finches" whose genomes enable self-sustainability under a broad environmental range. The lack of overlap in OTUs between fractures suggests an "desert oases" biogeographical pattern that could encompass approximately 8,000 OTUs within a 10 (super 16) cm (super 3) volume of the Witwatersrand Basin containing approximately 10 (super 16-17) cells. Compared to soils, which typically contain 10 (super 9) cells and approximately 8,000 OTUs per cm (super 3) , the diversity of deep subsurface biosphere is very low. Eukaryotes, including bactivorous nematodes, have been detected in deep fractures with young fracture water but at an extremely low abundance of one per approximately 10 (super 4) liters of fracture water. Major gaps remain in our understanding of deep life biogeography including whether horizontal subsurface migration or vertical migration from the surface is more important in explaining the observed spatial distribution of phylotypes. We hope to fill these gaps by making use of a Network of Inner Space Observatories (NISO). JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Onstott, Tullis AU - Chehoud, C AU - van Heerden, E AU - Litthauer, D AU - Jugdave, A AU - Albertyn, K AU - Kieft, Thomas AU - Borgonie, G AU - Garcia-Moyano, A AU - Chivian, D AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/10// PY - 2011 DA - October 2011 SP - 195 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 43 IS - 5 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - lithosphere KW - igneous rocks KW - matrix KW - continental crust KW - biogeography KW - porosity KW - habitat KW - fractures KW - continental lithosphere KW - biosphere KW - Southern Africa KW - Bushveld Complex KW - bacteria KW - Africa KW - ecology KW - South Africa KW - crust KW - Witwatersrand KW - microorganisms KW - 22:Environmental geology KW - 05A:Igneous and metamorphic petrology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1011394177?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=From+bacterial+finches+to+bactivorous+meiofauna%3B+microbial+biogeography+of+the+deep+crustal+biosphere&rft.au=Onstott%2C+Tullis%3BChehoud%2C+C%3Bvan+Heerden%2C+E%3BLitthauer%2C+D%3BJugdave%2C+A%3BAlbertyn%2C+K%3BKieft%2C+Thomas%3BBorgonie%2C+G%3BGarcia-Moyano%2C+A%3BChivian%2C+D%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Onstott&rft.aufirst=Tullis&rft.date=2011-10-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=195&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2011AM/finalprogram/abstract_196693.htm LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, 2011 annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by the Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Africa; bacteria; biogeography; biosphere; Bushveld Complex; continental crust; continental lithosphere; crust; ecology; fractures; habitat; igneous rocks; lithosphere; matrix; microorganisms; porosity; South Africa; Southern Africa; Witwatersrand ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Field-scale determination of uranium isotope fractionation induced by U(VI) adsorption and desorption; the super 8 experiment at DOE's Rifle, Colorado site AN - 1011394106; 2012-045410 AB - (super 238) U/ (super 235) U shows promise as an indicator of U(VI) reduction in groundwater contaminated by natural U (e.g., from mining and milling sites). Like other stable isotope ratios which indicate redox reactions, (super 238) U and (super 235) U (radioactively stable on decadal time scales) can be fractionated during U(VI) reduction. Previous work on both field-scale bioremediation and ancient redox fronts preserved as ore deposits show approximately 1 per mil shift to lower (super 238) U/ (super 235) U in the water as U(IV) is removed as a solid. The sense of shift is opposite to that observed with many lighter elements, presumably because nuclear field shift effects dominate over mass-dependent effects. Identifying U(VI) reduction is critically important, both as a means of tracking bioremediation of uranium contamination in groundwater and as a possible signature of U redox cycling during Earth history. Recent laboratory work, however, indicates small but significant (super 238) U/ (super 235) U shifts induced by adsorption of U(VI) onto manganese oxides, introducing a possible confounding effect for using (super 238) U/ (super 235) U variations to infer or quantify U(VI) reduction. The present study examines (super 238) U/ (super 235) U variation during a field experiment at the Rifle, CO, IFRC site in which bicarbonate was injected to de-sorb U(VI) from aquifer solids. Samples from the CU-03 well, 1 m downgradient from the bicarbonate injection gallery, showed an initial concentration of 150 ng/mL U(VI), followed by a desorption-induced increase to 300 ng/mL for ten days, then a resorption-induced decrease to 70 ng/mL over two weeks, and a return to 150 ng/mL over two weeks. Thirty-three samples, taken over 67 days and covering all four phases of the system response, were analyzed. No significant shift in (super 238) U/ (super 235) U was observed; the standard deviation of all the (super 238) U/ (super 235) U measurements was 0.06 per mil, and no significant trends appeared in the data. This is encouraging, as it indicates that the (super 238) U/ (super 235) U variations observed during U(VI) reduction induced by acetate injection solely reflect the reduction process. This simplifies interpretation of previously observed reduction induced shifts. It is not clear why sorption-related (super 238) U/ (super 235) U shifts reported in recent laboratory experiments did not appear; experiments with sediments from this site are planned to address that issue. JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Laubach, Parker AU - Johnson, Thomas AU - Lundstrom, Craig AU - Williams, Kenneth H AU - Long, Philip E AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/10// PY - 2011 DA - October 2011 SP - 231 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 43 IS - 5 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - United States KW - isotope fractionation KW - desorption KW - Garfield County Colorado KW - isotopes KW - environmental analysis KW - remediation KW - radioactive waste KW - ground water KW - environmental management KW - waste management KW - Rifle Colorado KW - radioactive isotopes KW - water pollution KW - biodegradation KW - mine waste KW - isotope ratios KW - pollution KW - adsorption KW - bioremediation KW - metals KW - uranium KW - waste disposal KW - U-238/U-235 KW - Colorado KW - tailings KW - actinides KW - 02D:Isotope geochemistry KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1011394106?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Field-scale+determination+of+uranium+isotope+fractionation+induced+by+U%28VI%29+adsorption+and+desorption%3B+the+super+8+experiment+at+DOE%27s+Rifle%2C+Colorado+site&rft.au=Laubach%2C+Parker%3BJohnson%2C+Thomas%3BLundstrom%2C+Craig%3BWilliams%2C+Kenneth+H%3BLong%2C+Philip+E%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Laubach&rft.aufirst=Parker&rft.date=2011-10-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=231&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2011AM/finalprogram/abstract_194075.htm LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, 2011 annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by the Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - actinides; adsorption; biodegradation; bioremediation; Colorado; desorption; environmental analysis; environmental management; Garfield County Colorado; ground water; isotope fractionation; isotope ratios; isotopes; metals; mine waste; pollution; radioactive isotopes; radioactive waste; remediation; Rifle Colorado; tailings; U-238/U-235; United States; uranium; waste disposal; waste management; water pollution ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effect of bicarbonate generated from microbial oxidation of acetate during biostimulation of uranium reduction at the Old Rifle UMTRA site AN - 1011394101; 2012-045409 AB - The Old Rifle site in Rifle, CO was a uranium- and vanadium-milling site active from 1924-1958. Since 2002, acetate has been added to groundwater to stimulate bacterial growth and promote reductive immobilization of uranium. While biostimulation successfully decreases groundwater uranium concentrations to levels below the drinking water standard (0.13mu M) during iron-reduction, prolonged removal of uranium is less successful once sulfate reduction becomes the predominant metabolic process. The effect has previously been interpreted to indicate that sulfate-reducing organisms are less efficient at uranium reduction. During August-September of 2010, an injection experiment was conducted to test the effects of flushing sorbed uranium from aquifer sediments with a concentrated bicarbonate solution coupled with acetate-based biostimulation. One half of the test plot was perfused with 50mM NaHCO (sub 3) with 85 ppm of deuterated water as a conservative tracer; this was followed by addition of 5mM Na-acetate with 2mM of NaBr across the experimental plot. Breakthrough of the bicarbonate/D (sub 2) O solution was monitored in quasi-real time using a Los Gatos Research, Inc. (LGR) water isotope analyzer, which enabled separation of the distinct effects induced by the bicarbonate and acetate solutions. The bicarbonate led to an initial release of uranium from the sediments, increasing dissolved uranium concentrations 5 to 12-fold (0.2 to 2.3mu M) depending upon position and distance from the injection location. Injection of acetate created reducing conditions in the aquifer, replicating previous biostimulation experiments at the site. The characteristic rebound in uranium concentrations was observed when sulfate reduction became predominant in the region of the aquifer receiving only acetate. In contrast, uranium concentrations remained well below pre-injection levels in the section of the experimental plot flushed with bicarbonate after sulfate reduction became dominant. This indicates that the rebound observed during sulfate reduction is primarily caused by an increase in alkalinity accompanying the nearly complete microbial consumption of acetate during sulfate reduction rather than a lack of uranium-reducing capacity by sulfate reducing bacteria. JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Conrad, Mark E AU - Williams, Kenneth H AU - Bill, Markus AU - Gupta, Manish AU - Berman, Elena AU - Davis, James A AU - Long, Philip E AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/10// PY - 2011 DA - October 2011 SP - 231 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 43 IS - 5 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - United States KW - Garfield County Colorado KW - waste disposal sites KW - environmental analysis KW - remediation KW - radioactive waste KW - ground water KW - environmental management KW - waste management KW - UMTRA KW - Rifle Colorado KW - water pollution KW - esters KW - biodegradation KW - mine waste KW - acetates KW - oxidation KW - pollution KW - bioremediation KW - Old Rifle Aquifer KW - aquifers KW - organic compounds KW - metals KW - bacteria KW - uranium KW - waste disposal KW - Colorado KW - tailings KW - actinides KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1011394101?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=The+effect+of+bicarbonate+generated+from+microbial+oxidation+of+acetate+during+biostimulation+of+uranium+reduction+at+the+Old+Rifle+UMTRA+site&rft.au=Conrad%2C+Mark+E%3BWilliams%2C+Kenneth+H%3BBill%2C+Markus%3BGupta%2C+Manish%3BBerman%2C+Elena%3BDavis%2C+James+A%3BLong%2C+Philip+E%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Conrad&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.date=2011-10-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=231&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2011AM/finalprogram/abstract_196902.htm LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, 2011 annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by the Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - acetates; actinides; aquifers; bacteria; biodegradation; bioremediation; Colorado; environmental analysis; environmental management; esters; Garfield County Colorado; ground water; metals; mine waste; Old Rifle Aquifer; organic compounds; oxidation; pollution; radioactive waste; remediation; Rifle Colorado; tailings; UMTRA; United States; uranium; waste disposal; waste disposal sites; waste management; water pollution ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of U contamination and solid phase mineralogy and geochemistry in the Rifle subsurface sediments AN - 1011394096; 2012-045408 AB - Several subsurface sediment samples were obtained during recent (2009 and 2010) drilling campaigns at the U.S. Department of Energy, Integrated Field Research Challenge Site located in Rifle, CO. The U plume at this site has not attenuated as previously expected due, most likely, to multiple sources of contaminant U. Both oxidized and naturally reduced zones are present in the Rifle subsurface. The naturally reduced zones (NRZ) usually contain high U concentrations, and, are likely significant contributors to the groundwater contamination. The objective of this study is twofold: i.) To characterize the subsurface sediments (NRZ and oxidized zones) in terms of U contamination and solid phase mineralogy and geochemistry; ii.) To study U interaction with various minerals and determine related sorption mechanisms. A variety of techniques such as XRD, mu -XRD, SEM-EDS, SEM-FIB, TEM-SAED, Moessbauer spectroscopy, EMPA, XRF and XANES, were or will be used to characterize the sediment samples from the La Quinta and Plot C experimental areas at the Rifle site. A series of extraction techniques were or will be employed to determine aqueous U(VI), Fe(II), Fe(III), labile U, acid volatile sulfide (AVS), inorganic and organic carbon contents and other co-contaminants. Initial results from chemical (acid and bicarbonate) extractions, microwave digestions and SEM/EDS measurements demonstrate that the solid phase concentrations of U and S were greater in the naturally reduced sediments. The presence of various co-contaminants, such as As, Zn, V, Cu and Se, was also confirmed in the La Quinta sediments. ZnS framboids and different sulfide minerals were present in the naturally reduced sediments. Initial spectroscopic analyses showed that areas of relatively high U concentrations were also present in contaminated sediments of the NRZs. U occurred as both U(IV) and U(VI). Although based on a small sample size, no strong correlations between Fe and U was found, suggesting that other minerals, in addition to Fe oxides and/or Fe sulfides, may host U in the naturally reduced sediments. Although the nature of U association with different minerals of both oxidized and NRZs is still under investigation, the initial results suggest that the secondary minerals may play an important role in determining U(VI) fate in the Rifle subsurface. JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Qafoku, Nikolla P AU - Gartman, Brandy AU - Kukkadapu, Ravi K AU - Arey, Bruce AU - Murray, Christopher J AU - Resch, Charles T AU - Williams, Kenneth H AU - Long, Philip E AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/10// PY - 2011 DA - October 2011 SP - 231 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 43 IS - 5 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - United States KW - plumes KW - mine waste KW - Garfield County Colorado KW - pollutants KW - pollution KW - environmental analysis KW - radioactive waste KW - ground water KW - aquifers KW - environmental management KW - Rifle Colorado KW - metals KW - sediments KW - uranium KW - waste disposal KW - Colorado KW - chemical composition KW - water pollution KW - tailings KW - actinides KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1011394096?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+U+contamination+and+solid+phase+mineralogy+and+geochemistry+in+the+Rifle+subsurface+sediments&rft.au=Qafoku%2C+Nikolla+P%3BGartman%2C+Brandy%3BKukkadapu%2C+Ravi+K%3BArey%2C+Bruce%3BMurray%2C+Christopher+J%3BResch%2C+Charles+T%3BWilliams%2C+Kenneth+H%3BLong%2C+Philip+E%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Qafoku&rft.aufirst=Nikolla&rft.date=2011-10-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=231&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2011AM/finalprogram/abstract_195469.htm LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, 2011 annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by the Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - actinides; aquifers; chemical composition; Colorado; environmental analysis; environmental management; Garfield County Colorado; ground water; metals; mine waste; plumes; pollutants; pollution; radioactive waste; Rifle Colorado; sediments; tailings; United States; uranium; waste disposal; water pollution ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Unpredicted persistence of a uranium plume at a former mill tailings site in Rifle, Colorado; evidence for multiple sources of uranium AN - 1011394093; 2012-045407 AB - The uranium plume at a former vanadium and uranium mill site in Rifle, Colorado was predicted to attenuate below MCL's in 10 years based on a K (sub d) model coupled to groundwater flow. Observations of U concentration in multiple wells since that prediction in 1998 show that uranium has decreased or remained constant at low levels in some places. However, the core of the plume has changed little over more than a decade and in one area, U concentrations have actually increased. We identify five possible "sources" of U to account for these observations, 1) Downward flux of U from the vadose zone that is entrained into the aquifer during times of high water table and high runoff in the Colorado River, 2) Mobilization of reduced U from naturally reduced zones (NRZ's), 3) Slow oxidation of U(IV) dispersed in the saturated zone, 4) Influx of natural background U(VI) from upgradient groundwater, and 5) Dispersal of U from residual tailings remaining at the site. We are currently quantifying the contribution of each of these sources of U and have focused on sources 1) and 2) above. Data collected in early summer 2011 during the highest and most sustained runoff in the Colorado River (adjacent to the site) since 1984 indicate that the vadose zone constitutes a relative minor contributor of U to the plume. In contrast, persistently high Fe(II) concentrations in alluvial aquifers at former uranium mill sites suggest that natural reduction may be a common feature of alluvial aquifers similar to the one at Rifle. One NRZ at Rifle contains up to 50 times more U than the typical alluvial sediment at the site. While speciation is likely to be an important control on the release of uranium from NRZ's to groundwater, other factors may be equally important, including redox-poising constituents and permeability interfaces along boundaries of NRZ's, which give rise to diffusion-limited reaction rates. In addition to U, NRZ's contain elevated concentrations of NOM, Fe(II) and reduced inorganic sulfides, all of which can scavenge oxidants introduced following seasonal incursion of (sub)oxic groundwater, promoting retention of U(IV). Consideration of factors controlling the evolution of NRZ's suggests that defining "biogeofacies" in contaminated aquifers may be useful in predicting contaminant mobility and persistence of redox-sensitive metals in groundwater. JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Long, Philip E AU - Williams, Kenneth H AU - Peacock, Aaron D AU - Bargar, John R AU - Bush, Richard P AU - Davis, James A AU - Fox, Patricia M AU - Hatfield, Kirk AU - Newman, Mark A AU - Campbell, Kate M AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/10// PY - 2011 DA - October 2011 SP - 230 EP - 231 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 43 IS - 5 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - United States KW - plumes KW - mine waste KW - Garfield County Colorado KW - pollutants KW - pollution KW - environmental analysis KW - radioactive waste KW - ground water KW - environmental management KW - waste management KW - Rifle Colorado KW - metals KW - uranium KW - waste disposal KW - Colorado KW - water pollution KW - tailings KW - actinides KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1011394093?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Unpredicted+persistence+of+a+uranium+plume+at+a+former+mill+tailings+site+in+Rifle%2C+Colorado%3B+evidence+for+multiple+sources+of+uranium&rft.au=Long%2C+Philip+E%3BWilliams%2C+Kenneth+H%3BPeacock%2C+Aaron+D%3BBargar%2C+John+R%3BBush%2C+Richard+P%3BDavis%2C+James+A%3BFox%2C+Patricia+M%3BHatfield%2C+Kirk%3BNewman%2C+Mark+A%3BCampbell%2C+Kate+M%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Long&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft.date=2011-10-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=230&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2011AM/finalprogram/abstract_194346.htm LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, 2011 annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by the Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - actinides; Colorado; environmental analysis; environmental management; Garfield County Colorado; ground water; metals; mine waste; plumes; pollutants; pollution; radioactive waste; Rifle Colorado; tailings; United States; uranium; waste disposal; waste management; water pollution ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Persistence of uranium groundwater plumes; contrasting mechanisms at two contaminated DOE sites AN - 1011394089; 2012-045406 AB - We examine subsurface uranium (U) plumes at two U.S. Department of Energy sites located near large river systems. Following excavation of contaminated materials, both sites were projected to naturally flush remnant uranium contamination to levels below regulatory limits (e.g., 30 mu g/L), within 10 years at the Hanford 300 Area (Columbia River) and 12 years at the Rifle site (Colorado River). The observed rate of attenuation was much lower than expected at both sites. Current understanding suggests that the two sites have common, but also differing mechanisms controlling plume persistence. At Hanford, the persistent source is adsorbed U(VI) in the deep vadose zone, released to the aquifer during water table excursions associated with spring high-water in the Columbia River. The release of U(VI) from the vadose zone and its transport within the oxic, coarse-textured aquifer sediments is dominated by kinetically-limited surface complexation. While the U sources sustaining the plume at the Rifle site are multiple, there is evidence that slow oxidation of naturally reduced contaminant U(IV) in the saturated zone, as well as a continuous influx of natural U(VI) from up-gradient sources, is important. Equilibrium surface complexation controls the U(VI) migration rate in the sub-oxic Rifle groundwater. Microbiologic activity is diverse at both sites. Strains of Geobacter and other metal reducing bacteria are present, typically at low natural abundance, capable of enzymatic U(VI) reduction in localized zones of accumulated detrital organic carbon, or after organic carbon amendment. Major differences between the sites include the geochemical nature of residual contaminant U; the nature of mineral adsorbents and the rates of kinetic processes (biotic and abiotic) influencing U(VI) solid-liquid distribution; the presence of detrital organic matter and the spatial heterogeneity in microbially-driven redox properties; and the magnitude of groundwater hydrologic dynamics controlled by river-stage fluctuations and aquifer properties (e.g., hydraulic gradient and conductivity). The comparative analysis of these sites provides important guidance to the characterization, modeling, and remediation of groundwater contaminant plumes influenced by surface water interaction that are common worldwide. JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Zachara, John AU - Davis, James A AU - Long, Philip E AU - Williams, Kenneth H AU - Freshley, Mark AU - McKinley, James P AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/10// PY - 2011 DA - October 2011 SP - 230 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 43 IS - 5 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - United States KW - plumes KW - Garfield County Colorado KW - unsaturated zone KW - Grant County Washington KW - environmental analysis KW - radioactive waste KW - ground water KW - environmental management KW - Colorado River KW - waste management KW - Rifle Colorado KW - water pollution KW - Washington KW - pollutants KW - Columbia River KW - surface water KW - pollution KW - Hanford Site KW - metals KW - uranium KW - waste disposal KW - Colorado KW - actinides KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1011394089?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Persistence+of+uranium+groundwater+plumes%3B+contrasting+mechanisms+at+two+contaminated+DOE+sites&rft.au=Zachara%2C+John%3BDavis%2C+James+A%3BLong%2C+Philip+E%3BWilliams%2C+Kenneth+H%3BFreshley%2C+Mark%3BMcKinley%2C+James+P%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Zachara&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2011-10-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=230&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2011AM/finalprogram/abstract_197077.htm LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, 2011 annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by the Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - actinides; Colorado; Colorado River; Columbia River; environmental analysis; environmental management; Garfield County Colorado; Grant County Washington; ground water; Hanford Site; metals; plumes; pollutants; pollution; radioactive waste; Rifle Colorado; surface water; United States; unsaturated zone; uranium; Washington; waste disposal; waste management; water pollution ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spectroscopic insights on U(IV) species in biologically reduced sediments at the Old Rifle Aquifer AN - 1011394085; 2012-045405 AB - The chemical and physical forms of U(IV), as well as the biogeochemical processes by which they form and transform, are believed to profoundly influence the behavior and persistence of uranium in contaminated groundwater. In this study, the reduction of U(IV) was examined during acetate-stimulated bioreduction in the Old Rifle Aquifer. We have developed an in-situ technique for studying U(IV) products of biological U(VI) reduction and their dynamics in aquifers over the scale of days to years. This technique uses in-well columns to obtain direct access to sediment U(IV) species, evolving microbial communities, and trace and major ion groundwater constituents. Whole sediments from these in-situ columns have been examined using X-ray and electron microscopy, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. EXAFS measurements revealed that U(IV) was primarily oxygen coordinated and monomeric U(IV) complexes were the primary products. Furthermore, different reduced U(IV) products were observed during sulfate and Fe reducing regimes, showing the strong dependence of the reduced product on biogeochemical conditions. This work establishes the importance of non-uraninite forms in subsurface sediments at the Rifle site and provides a conceptual framework in which previously observed U(IV) reduction products can be related. These experiments also establish that U(IV) species are dynamic in aquifers and can undergo non-oxidative transformation reactions. These insights provide a starting point for understanding uranium behavior in naturally reduced zones. JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Lezama Pacheco, Juan S AU - Bargar, John R AU - Bernier-Latmani, Rizlan AU - Suvorova, Elena I AU - Williams, Kenneth H AU - Long, Philip E AU - Giammar, Daniel E AU - Davis, James A AU - Stubbs, Joanne E AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/10// PY - 2011 DA - October 2011 SP - 230 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 43 IS - 5 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - United States KW - hydrology KW - esters KW - acetates KW - Garfield County Colorado KW - biochemistry KW - Old Rifle Aquifer KW - ground water KW - aquifers KW - Rifle Colorado KW - physical properties KW - organic compounds KW - metals KW - chemical properties KW - uranium KW - Colorado KW - actinides KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1011394085?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Spectroscopic+insights+on+U%28IV%29+species+in+biologically+reduced+sediments+at+the+Old+Rifle+Aquifer&rft.au=Lezama+Pacheco%2C+Juan+S%3BBargar%2C+John+R%3BBernier-Latmani%2C+Rizlan%3BSuvorova%2C+Elena+I%3BWilliams%2C+Kenneth+H%3BLong%2C+Philip+E%3BGiammar%2C+Daniel+E%3BDavis%2C+James+A%3BStubbs%2C+Joanne+E%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Lezama+Pacheco&rft.aufirst=Juan&rft.date=2011-10-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=230&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2011AM/finalprogram/abstract_197684.htm LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, 2011 annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by the Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - acetates; actinides; aquifers; biochemistry; chemical properties; Colorado; esters; Garfield County Colorado; ground water; hydrology; metals; Old Rifle Aquifer; organic compounds; physical properties; Rifle Colorado; United States; uranium ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Proteogenomics; understanding microbial community function during uranium bioremediation AN - 1011394081; 2012-045404 AB - While it is known that indigenous microbial communities can be stimulated to transform and remediate a range of environmental contaminants through carbon substrate amendment, community response can be complex. Recent advancements in genomic sequencing technologies make it possible to couple community genomics (metagenomics) with proteomics to assess whole community function and better inform bioremediation strategies. Current research at the Rifle IFRC site aims to highlight this point. Proteogenomic analyses of groundwater and sediment communities during acetate stimulated Fe(III), sulfate and uranium reduction, has yielded new insights into biogeochemical cycling, and the function of multiple novel taxa. Near-complete and partial bacterial genomes were reconstructed from metagenomic data generated using 454 and Illumina platforms. Proteomes were analyzed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and spectra were searched against peptides predicted from genomic sequences. Communities enriched during Fe(III) reduction contained Geobacter spp., uncultivated candidate divisions (e.g. BD1-5, OD1, OP11), Proteoboacteria, Bacteriodetes, Chloroflexi and Spirochaetes. While Geobacter are well characterized Fe(III) and U(VI) reducers, genomics suggest the other novel bacteria are capable of acetate utilization, glycolysis, anaerobic fermentation, and sulfite and nitrate reduction. Peptides also revealed use of an alternate genetic code by candidate division BD1-5. In comparison, analysis of Desulfobacter- (FC09-1), Sulfurovum- (FC09-2) and Sulfurimonas-like (FC09-3) organisms that dominate the sulfate-reducing community, revealed the expression of proteins used in sulfate reduction (Dsr and APS) and nitrogen-fixation (Nif) by FC09-1, and nitrate, nitrite, and nitrous oxide reduction (Nap, Nir, and Nos) and the sulfur oxidation (Sox proteins) by FC09-2 and FC09-3. These results indicate a feedback loop between sulfate reduction and nitrate-dependent sulfur oxidation. As such, including geochemical characterizations of these processes in future experimental designs at the site would likely improve geochemical models. Sulfur oxidation may also have implications for uranium mobility post-reduction owing to spatial association of U(IV) with sulfide minerals. JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Handley, Kim M AU - Wrighton, Kelly C AU - Wilkins, Michael J AU - Williams, Kenneth H AU - VerBerkmoes, Nathan C AU - Thomas, Brian C AU - Sharon, Itai AU - Hettich, Robert AU - Long, Philip E AU - Banfield, Jill F AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/10// PY - 2011 DA - October 2011 SP - 230 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 43 IS - 5 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - esters KW - acetates KW - pollutants KW - oxidation KW - pollution KW - bioremediation KW - genome KW - remediation KW - radioactive waste KW - ground water KW - genetics KW - waste management KW - organic compounds KW - metals KW - sediments KW - uranium KW - waste disposal KW - water pollution KW - actinides KW - microorganisms KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1011394081?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Proteogenomics%3B+understanding+microbial+community+function+during+uranium+bioremediation&rft.au=Handley%2C+Kim+M%3BWrighton%2C+Kelly+C%3BWilkins%2C+Michael+J%3BWilliams%2C+Kenneth+H%3BVerBerkmoes%2C+Nathan+C%3BThomas%2C+Brian+C%3BSharon%2C+Itai%3BHettich%2C+Robert%3BLong%2C+Philip+E%3BBanfield%2C+Jill+F%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Handley&rft.aufirst=Kim&rft.date=2011-10-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=230&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2011AM/finalprogram/abstract_197855.htm LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, 2011 annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by the Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - acetates; actinides; bioremediation; esters; genetics; genome; ground water; metals; microorganisms; organic compounds; oxidation; pollutants; pollution; radioactive waste; remediation; sediments; uranium; waste disposal; waste management; water pollution ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Calcium isotope fractionations in vertebrates from modern and fossil ecosystems AN - 1011393967; 2012-045121 AB - Calcium isotope composition of vertebrate animal bioapatite is thought to be largely controlled by diet. Though a number of vertebrate samples have been analyzed for calcium isotope values, careful, systematic studies of terrestrial ecosystems are lacking. In order to better understand how trophic level and diagenesis potentially affect calcium isotope values in vertebrate tissues, we analyze samples from modern and Miocene fossil ecosystems that are well characterized in terms of other isotope systems (e.g., carbon). We pair large-bodied carnivorans and herbivorous mammals ranging from approximately 10 kg to >1000 kg from these study areas to examine trophic level effects. We also pair bone and tooth samples from individuals to assess potential diagenetic alteration. Samples were dissolved in HF and HNO (sub 3) . in preparation for analysis. A calcium double spike of known isotopic composition was added to each sample solution, which was then passed through an ion exchange resin column for purification and isolation of calcium. Each purified sample was analyzed in duplicate by thermal ionization mass spectrometry and corrected for instrumental mass fractionation by calculations using the double spike. Initial results indicate that carnivores show consistently lower calcium isotope values when compared to herbivores, confirming intra-ecosystem trophic level effects. Though tooth and bone pairs show significant offsets in some cases, the magnitude of diagenetic effects is not immediately obvious. Calcium isotope values from bones and teeth may be providing slightly different information about an individual's calcium physiology or the two tissues may be affected differently by other biological processes and/or timing of life history events. JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Wheatley, Patrick V AU - Hofmann, Amy E AU - Holroyd, Patricia A AU - Goodwin, Mark B AU - Brown, Shaun T AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/10// PY - 2011 DA - October 2011 SP - 162 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 43 IS - 5 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - apatite KW - isotope fractionation KW - Chordata KW - isotopes KW - ecosystems KW - phosphates KW - teeth KW - stable isotopes KW - Miocene KW - C-14/C-12 KW - paleoecology KW - Cenozoic KW - Tertiary KW - biogenic processes KW - radioactive isotopes KW - Neogene KW - carbon KW - bones KW - ecology KW - Vertebrata KW - 11:Vertebrate paleontology KW - 02D:Isotope geochemistry KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1011393967?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Calcium+isotope+fractionations+in+vertebrates+from+modern+and+fossil+ecosystems&rft.au=Wheatley%2C+Patrick+V%3BHofmann%2C+Amy+E%3BHolroyd%2C+Patricia+A%3BGoodwin%2C+Mark+B%3BBrown%2C+Shaun+T%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Wheatley&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft.date=2011-10-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=162&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2011AM/finalprogram/abstract_196783.htm LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, 2011 annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by the Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - apatite; biogenic processes; bones; C-14/C-12; carbon; Cenozoic; Chordata; ecology; ecosystems; isotope fractionation; isotopes; Miocene; Neogene; paleoecology; phosphates; radioactive isotopes; stable isotopes; teeth; Tertiary; Vertebrata ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A coupled THC model of the FEBEX in situ test with bentonite swelling and chemical and thermal osmosis AN - 911159538; 15936679 AB - The performance assessment of a geological repository for radioactive waste requires quantifying the geochemical evolution of the bentonite engineered barrier. This barrier will be exposed to coupled thermal (T), hydrodynamic (H), mechanical (M) and chemical (C) processes. This paper presents a coupled THC model of the FEBEX (Full-scale Engineered Barrier EXperiment) in situ test which accounts for bentonite swelling and chemical and thermal osmosis. Model results attest the relevance of thermal osmosis and bentonite swelling for the geochemical evolution of the bentonite barrier while chemical osmosis is found to be almost irrelevant. The model has been tested with data collected after the dismantling of heater 1 of the in situ test. The model reproduces reasonably well the measured temperature, relative humidity, water content and inferred geochemical data. However, it fails to mimic the solute concentrations at the heater-bentonite and bentonite-granite interfaces because the model does not account for the volume change of bentonite, the CO2(g) degassing and the transport of vapor from the bentonite into the granite. The inferred HCO3- and pH data cannot be explained solely by solute transport, calcite dissolution and protonation/deprotonation by surface complexation, suggesting that such data may be affected also by other reactions. JF - Journal of Contaminant Hydrology AU - Zheng, Liange AU - Samper, Javier AU - Montenegro, Luis AD - Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA, lzheng@lbl.gov Y1 - 2011/09/25/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Sep 25 SP - 45 EP - 60 PB - Elsevier B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 126 IS - 1-2 SN - 0169-7722, 0169-7722 KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Environment Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts KW - THC model KW - Bentonite KW - FEBEX in situ KW - Nuclear waste KW - Osmosis KW - Bentonite swelling KW - Relative humidity KW - Barriers KW - Hydrodynamics KW - Performance assessment KW - Relative Humidity KW - Volume transport KW - Solutes KW - Vapors KW - Hydrologic Models KW - Assessments KW - Calcite dissolution KW - Geology KW - In Situ Tests KW - degassing KW - bentonite KW - Geochemistry KW - Temperature KW - Radioactive wastes KW - Humidity KW - Solute Transport KW - Hazardous wastes KW - SW 5010:Network design KW - M2 556:General (556) KW - AQ 00006:Sewage KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - Q5 08502:Methods and instruments KW - Q2 09265:Sedimentary structures and stratigraphy KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/911159538?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Contaminant+Hydrology&rft.atitle=A+coupled+THC+model+of+the+FEBEX+in+situ+test+with+bentonite+swelling+and+chemical+and+thermal+osmosis&rft.au=Zheng%2C+Liange%3BSamper%2C+Javier%3BMontenegro%2C+Luis&rft.aulast=Zheng&rft.aufirst=Liange&rft.date=2011-09-25&rft.volume=126&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=45&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Contaminant+Hydrology&rft.issn=01697722&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jconhyd.2011.06.003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Relative humidity; Solutes; Barriers; Calcite dissolution; Radioactive wastes; Performance assessment; Bentonite; Volume transport; Osmosis; Hydrodynamics; Vapors; bentonite; Geochemistry; Humidity; Geology; Hazardous wastes; degassing; Hydrologic Models; Assessments; Solute Transport; Temperature; In Situ Tests; Relative Humidity DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2011.06.003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Geophysical monitoring and reactive transport modeling of ureolytically-driven calcium carbonate precipitation AN - 1832630673; 704102-1 AB - Ureolytically-driven calcium carbonate precipitation is the basis for a promising in-situ remediation method for sequestration of divalent radionuclide and trace metal ions. It has also been proposed for use in geotechnical engineering for soil strengthening applications. Monitoring the occurrence, spatial distribution, and temporal evolution of calcium carbonate precipitation in the subsurface is critical for evaluating the performance of this technology and for developing the predictive models needed for engineering application. In this study, we conducted laboratory column experiments using natural sediment and groundwater to evaluate the utility of geophysical (complex resistivity and seismic) sensing methods, dynamic synchrotron x-ray computed tomography (micro-CT), and reactive transport modeling for tracking ureolytically-driven calcium carbonate precipitation processes under site relevant conditions. Reactive transport modeling with TOUGHREACT successfully simulated the changes of the major chemical components during urea hydrolysis. Even at the relatively low level of urea hydrolysis observed in the experiments, the simulations predicted an enhanced calcium carbonate precipitation rate that was 3-4 times greater than the baseline level. Reactive transport modeling results, geophysical monitoring data and micro-CT imaging correlated well with reaction processes validated by geochemical data. In particular, increases in ionic strength of the pore fluid during urea hydrolysis predicted by geochemical modeling were successfully captured by electrical conductivity measurements and confirmed by geochemical data. The low level of urea hydrolysis and calcium carbonate precipitation suggested by the model and geochemical data was corroborated by minor changes in seismic P-wave velocity measurements and micro-CT imaging; the latter provided direct evidence of sparsely distributed calcium carbonate precipitation. Ion exchange processes promoted through NH4 + production during urea hydrolysis were incorporated in the model and captured critical changes in the major metal species. The electrical phase increases were potentially due to ion exchange processes that modified charge structure at mineral/water interfaces. Our study revealed the potential of geophysical monitoring for geochemical changes during urea hydrolysis and the advantages of combining multiple approaches to understand complex biogeochemical processes in the subsurface. JF - Geochemical Transactions AU - Wu, Yuxin AU - Ajo-Franklin, Jonathan B AU - Spycher, Nicolas AU - Hubbard, Susan S AU - Zhang, Guoxiang AU - Williams, Kenneth H AU - Taylor, Joanna AU - Fujita, Yoshiko AU - Smith, Robert Y1 - 2011/09/23/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Sep 23 SP - 20 PB - Springer for Royal Society of Chemistry, London VL - 12 IS - 7 SN - 1467-4866, 1467-4866 KW - tomography KW - P-waves KW - isotopes KW - ammonium ion KW - elastic waves KW - remediation KW - radioactive waste KW - radioactive isotopes KW - urea KW - transport KW - reactive transport KW - calcium carbonate KW - ion exchange KW - trace elements KW - body waves KW - monitoring KW - organic minerals KW - geophysical methods KW - electrical methods KW - resistivity KW - models KW - biogenic processes KW - computed tomography KW - ureolysis KW - seismic waves KW - carbonates KW - pore water KW - 02A:General geochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1832630673?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefinprocess&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geochemical+Transactions&rft.atitle=Geophysical+monitoring+and+reactive+transport+modeling+of+ureolytically-driven+calcium+carbonate+precipitation&rft.au=Wu%2C+Yuxin%3BAjo-Franklin%2C+Jonathan+B%3BSpycher%2C+Nicolas%3BHubbard%2C+Susan+S%3BZhang%2C+Guoxiang%3BWilliams%2C+Kenneth+H%3BTaylor%2C+Joanna%3BFujita%2C+Yoshiko%3BSmith%2C+Robert&rft.aulast=Wu&rft.aufirst=Yuxin&rft.date=2011-09-23&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geochemical+Transactions&rft.issn=14674866&rft_id=info:doi/10.1186%2F1467-4866-12-7 L2 - http://www.geochemicaltransactions.com/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef in Process, Copyright 2017, American Geosciences Institute. After editing and indexing, this record will be added to Georef. N1 - Number of references - 55 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - ammonium ion; biogenic processes; body waves; calcium carbonate; carbonates; computed tomography; elastic waves; electrical methods; geophysical methods; ion exchange; isotopes; models; monitoring; organic minerals; P-waves; pore water; radioactive isotopes; radioactive waste; reactive transport; remediation; resistivity; seismic waves; tomography; trace elements; transport; urea; ureolysis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1467-4866-12-7 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - VISTA Region Viewer (RViewer)-a computational system for prioritizing genomic intervals for biomedical studies AN - 915485949; 16101656 AB - Summary: Current genome browsers are designed for linear browsing of individual genomic regions, but the high-throughput nature of experiments aiming to elucidate the genetic component of human disease makes it very important to develop user-friendly tools for comparing several genomic regions in parallel and prioritizing them based on their functional content. We introduce VISTA Region Viewer (RViewer), an interactive online tool that allows for efficient screening and prioritization of regions of the human genome for follow-up studies. The tool takes as input genetic variation data from different biomedical studies, determines a number of various functional parameters for both coding and non-coding sequences in each region and allows for sorting and searching the results of the analysis in multiple ways. JF - Bioinformatics AU - Lukashin, Igor AU - Novichkov, Pavel AU - Boffelli, Dario AU - Paciorkowski, Alex R AU - Minovitsky, Simon AU - Yang, Song AU - Dubchak, Inna AD - super(1)Genomics Division and super(2)Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, MS 84-171, Berkeley, CA 94720, super(3)Center for Genetics, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA 94609, super(4)Department of Neurology, University of Washington and Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101 and super(5)DOE Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA, Y1 - 2011/09/15/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Sep 15 SP - 2595 EP - 2597 PB - Oxford University Press, Great Clarendon Street Oxford OX2 6DP United Kingdom VL - 27 IS - 18 SN - 1367-4803, 1367-4803 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Genomes KW - Data processing KW - Browsing KW - Genetic diversity KW - genomics KW - Bioinformatics KW - Computer applications KW - Internet KW - W 30960:Bioinformatics & Computer Applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/915485949?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bioinformatics&rft.atitle=VISTA+Region+Viewer+%28RViewer%29-a+computational+system+for+prioritizing+genomic+intervals+for+biomedical+studies&rft.au=Lukashin%2C+Igor%3BNovichkov%2C+Pavel%3BBoffelli%2C+Dario%3BPaciorkowski%2C+Alex+R%3BMinovitsky%2C+Simon%3BYang%2C+Song%3BDubchak%2C+Inna&rft.aulast=Lukashin&rft.aufirst=Igor&rft.date=2011-09-15&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=18&rft.spage=2595&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bioinformatics&rft.issn=13674803&rft_id=info:doi/10.1093%2Fbioinformatics%2Fbtr440 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Genomes; Data processing; Browsing; Genetic diversity; Bioinformatics; genomics; Computer applications; Internet DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btr440 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Impact of climate change on groundwater recharge in dry areas: An ecohydrology approach AN - 899149517; 15619657 AB - This work proposes an ecohydrology-based approach to study the impact of climate change on groundwater recharge in dry areas. It is largely based on a concept that in dry areas, vegetation community can be divided into two different groups, shallow- and deep-rooted vegetation, with the growing-season average of root-zone soil water saturation tending to be at its optimum value for the growth of deep-rooted vegetation. The concept is supported by data sets collected from different dry areas. Analytical results of soil water dynamics developed in previous studies are adapted here for investigating the impact of climate change. Because the conceptual model allows deep-zone soil-water saturation, averaged over growing seasons, to remain fixed during different climate conditions, we can construct a relationship among groundwater recharge, the coverage of deep-rooted vegetation, and climate. As an illustrative example, we apply the developed approach to the Yucca Mountain area. Our estimated recharge value under the current climate and the vegetation coverage is generally consistent with results estimated from other methods or observed from the site. We also evaluate how the recharge will change under several assumed future climate scenarios. The results show that both groundwater recharge and deep-rooted vegetation coverage increase with decreasing rainfall frequency (for a given amount of annual rainfall), with increasing average rainfall depth per rainfall event (for a fixed frequency) and with increasing frequency (for a fixed rainfall depth per rainfall event). The latter indicates a relatively large degree of buffering effects of vegetation on changes in groundwater recharge. JF - Journal of Hydrology (Amsterdam) AU - Liu, Hui-Hai Y1 - 2011/09/15/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Sep 15 SP - 175 EP - 183 PB - Elsevier B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 407 IS - 1-4 SN - 0022-1694, 0022-1694 KW - Environment Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Groundwater hydrology KW - USA, Nevada, Yucca Mt. KW - Rainfall KW - Climate change KW - Soil Water KW - Soil KW - Mountains KW - Climate and vegetation KW - Groundwater recharge KW - Growth KW - Hydrologic Models KW - Ground water KW - Hydrology KW - Annual rainfall KW - groundwater recharge KW - Growing season KW - Plant Growth KW - Climates KW - Environmental impact KW - Vegetation KW - Saturation KW - Ecosystem disturbance KW - Groundwater pollution KW - Soil moisture KW - Groundwater Recharge KW - Future climates KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - ENA 15:Renewable Resources-Terrestrial KW - SW 0815:Precipitation KW - Q2 09244:Air-sea coupling KW - M2 556.14:Infiltration/Soil Moisture (556.14) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/899149517?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.atitle=Impact+of+climate+change+on+groundwater+recharge+in+dry+areas%3A+An+ecohydrology+approach&rft.au=Liu%2C+Hui-Hai&rft.aulast=Liu&rft.aufirst=Hui-Hai&rft.date=2011-09-15&rft.volume=407&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=175&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.issn=00221694&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jhydrol.2011.07.024 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-10-01 N1 - Number of references - 1 N1 - Last updated - 2016-07-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Growth; Climate change; Ground water; Environmental impact; Hydrology; Ecosystem disturbance; Climate and vegetation; Annual rainfall; Groundwater hydrology; Groundwater recharge; Growing season; Groundwater pollution; Soil moisture; Future climates; Mountains; Soil; groundwater recharge; Rainfall; Vegetation; Hydrologic Models; Plant Growth; Climates; Soil Water; Saturation; Groundwater Recharge; USA, Nevada, Yucca Mt. DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.07.024 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A comparative study of polyacrylic acid and poly(vinylidene difluoride) binders for spherical natural graphite/LiFePO sub(4 electrodes and cells) AN - 879477809; 15120005 AB - Anodes containing spherical natural graphite (SNG12) and cathodes containing LiFePO sub(4, both from HydroQuebec, were prepared with aqueous-based polyacrylic acid (PAAH), its neutralized derivatives polyacrylic acid (PAAX) (X = Li, Na, and K), and with conventional poly(vinylidene difluoride) (PVDF) binders. A comparison of electrode performance was made between these three binder systems. The electrodes were optimized by adding elastic styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) and conductive vapor grown carbon fiber (VGCF) in the place of some of the PAAX. Initially, SNG12 and LiFePO) sub(4) electrodes were characterized in half cells with Li as the counter electrode. The electrochemistry results show that the use of PAAX binders can significantly improve the initial coulombic efficiency, reversible capacity, and cyclability of SNG12 anodes and LiFePO sub(4 cathodes as compared to that of electrodes based on a PVDF binder. By using an optimized composition for the anode and cathode, SNG12/LiFePO) sub(4) full cells with PAALi binder cycled 847 times with 70% capacity retention, which was a significant improvement over the electrodes with PVDF (223 cycles). This study demonstrates the possibility of manufacturing Li-ion batteries that cycle longer and use water in the processing, instead of hazardous organic solvents like NMP, thereby improving performance, reducing cost, and protecting the environment. JF - Journal of Power Sources AU - Chong, Jin AU - Xun, Shidi AU - Zheng, Honghe AU - Song, Xiangyun AU - Liu, Gao AU - Ridgway, Paul AU - Wang, Ji Qiang AU - Battaglia, Vincent S AD - Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA, sxun@lbl.gov Y1 - 2011/09/15/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Sep 15 SP - 7707 EP - 7714 PB - Elesevier Science B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 196 IS - 18 SN - 0378-7753, 0378-7753 KW - Environment Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Spherical natural graphite KW - LiFePO4 KW - Aqueous based binder KW - Lithium-ion batteries KW - Styrene KW - Vapors KW - comparative studies KW - Batteries KW - Electrodes KW - Solvents KW - Electrochemistry KW - Environmental protection KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/879477809?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Power+Sources&rft.atitle=A+comparative+study+of+polyacrylic+acid+and+poly%28vinylidene+difluoride%29+binders+for+spherical+natural+graphite%2FLiFePO+sub%284+electrodes+and+cells%29&rft.au=Chong%2C+Jin%3BXun%2C+Shidi%3BZheng%2C+Honghe%3BSong%2C+Xiangyun%3BLiu%2C+Gao%3BRidgway%2C+Paul%3BWang%2C+Ji+Qiang%3BBattaglia%2C+Vincent+S&rft.aulast=Chong&rft.aufirst=Jin&rft.date=2011-09-15&rft.volume=196&rft.issue=18&rft.spage=7707&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Power+Sources&rft.issn=03787753&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jpowsour.2011.04.043 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-09 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Styrene; Vapors; Batteries; comparative studies; Electrodes; Solvents; Electrochemistry; Environmental protection DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2011.04.043 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A novel CuFe-based catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction in alkaline media AN - 1777127753; 15119984 AB - The primary objective of this work is to develop alternative electrocatalysts to Pt-based materials for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in alkaline fuel cells. We synthesized a bicore CuFe/C composite electrocatalyst by impregnation of iron and copper phthalocyanine-based complexes into a carbon support, followed by pyrolysis at 800-900 [deg]C in an Ar atmosphere. This novel composite catalyst exhibits electrochemical performance for ORR in 0.1 M KOH similar to a commercial Pt/C (BASF Fuel Cell, 30%) catalyst at 6-fold lower CuFe loading. High resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HR-XPS) results indicate that coordination bonding between Fe and N atoms still remains and show that a mixed Cu(I)/Cu(II) valency exists in the CuFe/C catalyst after high temperature heat treatment. The Cu(I)/Cu(II) redox mediator adjacent to Fe atoms is crucial to provide electrons to the N sub(xFe-O) sub(2) adduct and maximize the overall rate of the reduction reaction. The results of this study may offer a new approach to development of efficient catalysts for oxygen reduction to water in alkaline media. JF - Journal of Power Sources AU - He, Qinggang AU - Yang, Xiaofang AU - Ren, Xiaoming AU - Koel, Bruce E AU - Ramaswamy, Nagappan AU - Mukerjee, Sanjeev AU - Kostecki, Robert AD - Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Environmental Energy Technology Division, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA Y1 - 2011/09/15/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Sep 15 SP - 7404 EP - 7410 PB - Elesevier Science B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 196 IS - 18 SN - 0378-7753, 0378-7753 KW - Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts (MT); Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); Electronics and Communications Abstracts (EA); CSA / ASCE Civil Engineering Abstracts (CE); Copper Technical Reference Library (CD) KW - Alkaline fuel cell KW - Oxygen reduction reaction KW - Non-noble electrocatalyst KW - CuFe KW - CATALYSTS KW - FUEL CELLS KW - Media KW - COMPOSITES KW - CU KW - FE KW - Fuel cells KW - COPPER PHTHALOCYANINE KW - PT KW - Reduction KW - Carbon KW - Platinum KW - REDUCTION KW - Catalysts KW - OXYGEN KW - Electrocatalysts KW - Iron UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1777127753?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Power+Sources&rft.atitle=A+novel+CuFe-based+catalyst+for+the+oxygen+reduction+reaction+in+alkaline+media&rft.au=He%2C+Qinggang%3BYang%2C+Xiaofang%3BRen%2C+Xiaoming%3BKoel%2C+Bruce+E%3BRamaswamy%2C+Nagappan%3BMukerjee%2C+Sanjeev%3BKostecki%2C+Robert&rft.aulast=He&rft.aufirst=Qinggang&rft.date=2011-09-15&rft.volume=196&rft.issue=18&rft.spage=7404&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Power+Sources&rft.issn=03787753&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jpowsour.2011.04.016 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-18 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2011.04.016 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Impact of CO sub(2) geological sequestration on the nucleation of earthquakes AN - 1671479737; 16006900 AB - CO2 sequestration and earthquakes Seismic fault rupture Coupled hydromechanical modeling Can CO2 storage cause earthquakes? What is the maximum possible earthquake magnitude resulting from CO2 injection? Here, as a theoretical case study we investigate these questions using coupled hydromechanical modeling with multiphase flow and seismological variables for quantifying earthquake magnitude and energy. Our simulations consider transient fluid flow and stress coupling, and the evolution of fault properties. We simulate CO2 injection into a reservoir-caprock system bounded by a subvertical normal fault subjected to different extensional stress regimes and over a range of initial fault permeability values. For our assumed system and injection rate, the simulation results show that sudden stress drop and fault slip primarily initiated along the fault portion intersecting the storage reservoir after a few months of injection when a sufficiently high reservoir pressure has been reached. The size of the rupture area, and consequently, the earthquake magnitude and energy, depends on initial horizontal-to-vertical stress ratio and fault permeability, which strongly influences the size of the pressurized area, and subsequent stress variations. JF - Geophysical Research Letters AU - Cappa, Frederic AU - Rutqvist, Jonny AD - Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA Y1 - 2011/09/15/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Sep 15 PB - American Geophysical Union, 2000 Florida Ave., N.W. Washington DC 20009 United States VL - 38 IS - 17 SN - 0094-8276, 0094-8276 KW - Earthquake Engineering Abstracts (EQ); Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); CSA / ASCE Civil Engineering Abstracts (CE); Aerospace & High Technology Database (AH) KW - 1822 Hydrology: Geomechanics KW - 7209 Seismology: Earthquake dynamics KW - 8004 Structural Geology: Dynamics and mechanics of faulting KW - 8010 Structural Geology: Fractures and faults KW - 8045 Structural Geology: Role of fluids KW - CO2 KW - earthquakes KW - fault KW - flow KW - hydromechanics KW - rupture KW - Earthquakes KW - Mathematical models KW - Computer simulation KW - Seismic phenomena KW - Faults KW - Stresses KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Reservoirs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1671479737?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geophysical+Research+Letters&rft.atitle=Impact+of+CO+sub%282%29+geological+sequestration+on+the+nucleation+of+earthquakes&rft.au=Cappa%2C+Frederic%3BRutqvist%2C+Jonny&rft.aulast=Cappa&rft.aufirst=Frederic&rft.date=2011-09-15&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=17&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geophysical+Research+Letters&rft.issn=00948276&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2011GL048487 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-04-01 N1 - Number of references - 20 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-18 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011GL048487 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analytical solutions of tracer transport in fractured rock associated with precipitation-dissolution reactions TT - Solutions analytiques au transport de traceur dans une roche fracturee associe a des reactions de precipitation-dissolution AN - 911154577; 16009545 AB - Precipitation-dissolution reactions are important for a number of applications such as isotopic tracer transport in the subsurface. Analytical solutions have been developed for tracer transport in both single-fracture and multiple-fracture systems associated with these reactions under transient and steady-state transport conditions. These solutions also take into account advective transport in fractures and molecular diffusion in the rock matrix. For studying distributions of disturbed tracer concentration (the difference between actual concentration and its equilibrium value), effects of precipitation-dissolution reactions are mathematically equivalent to a "decay" process with a decay constant proportional to the corresponding bulk reaction rate. This important feature significantly simplifies the derivation procedure by taking advantage of the existence of analytical solutions for tracer transport associated with radioactive decay in fractured rock. It is also useful for interpreting tracer breakthrough curves, because the impact of a decay process is relatively easy to analyze. Several illustrative examples are presented, which show that the results are sensitive to fracture spacing, matrix diffusion coefficient (fracture surface area), and bulk reaction rate (or "decay" constant), indicating that the relevant flow and transport parameters may be estimated by analyzing tracer signals.Original Abstract: Les reactions de precipitation-dissolution sont importantes pour nombre d'applications telle le cheminement de traceur isotopique en subsurface. Des solutions analytiques ont ete developpees pour le cheminement de traceur dans des systemes a fracturation simple d'une part et multiple d'autre part, associant ces reactions en regime transitoire et en regime permanent. Ces solutions prennent aussi en compte le transport advectif dans les fractures et la diffusion moleculaire dans la matrice rocheuse. Pour l'etude les distributions des concentrations de traceur perturbees (la difference entre la concentration reelle et sa valeur moyenne), les effets des reactions de precipitation-dissolution sont mathematiquement equivalentes a un processus de "desintegration" avec une constante proportionnelle au taux de reaction resultant. Cette importante remarque simplifie considerablement la procedure de derivation, prenant en compte l'existence de solutions analytiques pour le transport de traceur associe a la desintegration radioactive dans une roche fracturee. C'est aussi utile pour interpreter les courbes resultantes de concentration, car l'incidence d'un processus de desintegration est relativement aisee a analyser. Plusieurs exemples presentes illustrent la sensibilite des resultats a l'ouverture de la fracturation, au coefficient matriciel de diffusion (aire de surface fracturee) et au taux de reaction resultant (ou constante de "desintegration"), indiquant que flux et parametres de transport consideres peuvent etre estimes en analysant le signal du traceur. JF - Hydrogeology Journal AU - Liu, Hui-Hai AU - Mukhopadhyay, Sumit AU - Spycher, Nicolas AU - Kennedy, Burton M AD - Earth Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA, hhliu@lbl.gov Y1 - 2011/09// PY - 2011 DA - Sep 2011 SP - 1151 EP - 1160 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 19 IS - 6 SN - 1431-2174, 1431-2174 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Geologic Fractures KW - Diffusion Coefficient KW - Molecular diffusion KW - Hydrogeology KW - Fractures KW - Advective transport KW - Tracers KW - Tracer transport KW - Equilibrium KW - Isotopic Tracers KW - Diffusion coefficient KW - Diffusion coefficients KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - Q2 09387:Navigation KW - M2 551.511:Mechanics and Thermodynamics of the Atmosphere (551.511) KW - SW 0840:Groundwater UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/911154577?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hydrogeology+Journal&rft.atitle=Analytical+solutions+of+tracer+transport+in+fractured+rock+associated+with+precipitation-dissolution+reactions&rft.au=Liu%2C+Hui-Hai%3BMukhopadhyay%2C+Sumit%3BSpycher%2C+Nicolas%3BKennedy%2C+Burton+M&rft.aulast=Liu&rft.aufirst=Hui-Hai&rft.date=2011-09-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1151&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hydrogeology+Journal&rft.issn=14312174&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs10040-011-0749-7 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-09 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Tracers; Molecular diffusion; Fractures; Diffusion coefficients; Advective transport; Tracer transport; Hydrogeology; Diffusion coefficient; Geologic Fractures; Diffusion Coefficient; Equilibrium; Isotopic Tracers DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10040-011-0749-7 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lessons learned from bacterial transport research at the South Oyster site AN - 904457790; 2011-100747 JF - Ground Water AU - Scheibe, Timothy D AU - Hubbard, Susan S AU - Onstott, Tullis C AU - DeFlaun, Mary F AU - Anderson, Mary P AU - McCray, John Y1 - 2011/09// PY - 2011 DA - September 2011 SP - 745 EP - 763 PB - Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of National Ground Water Association, Westerville, OH VL - 49 IS - 5 SN - 0017-467X, 0017-467X KW - United States KW - experimental studies KW - Virginia KW - contaminant plumes KW - pollutants KW - pollution KW - Northampton County Virginia KW - remediation KW - ground water KW - aquifers KW - models KW - Oyster Virginia KW - transport KW - filtration KW - bacteria KW - tracers KW - unconfined aquifers KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/904457790?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ground+Water&rft.atitle=Lessons+learned+from+bacterial+transport+research+at+the+South+Oyster+site&rft.au=Scheibe%2C+Timothy+D%3BHubbard%2C+Susan+S%3BOnstott%2C+Tullis+C%3BDeFlaun%2C+Mary+F%3BAnderson%2C+Mary+P%3BMcCray%2C+John&rft.aulast=Scheibe&rft.aufirst=Timothy&rft.date=2011-09-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=745&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ground+Water&rft.issn=0017467X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1745-6584.2011.00831.x L2 - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1745-6584 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, United Kingdom N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 91 N1 - PubXState - OH N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-16 N1 - CODEN - GRWAAP N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifers; bacteria; contaminant plumes; experimental studies; filtration; ground water; models; Northampton County Virginia; Oyster Virginia; pollutants; pollution; remediation; tracers; transport; unconfined aquifers; United States; Virginia DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2011.00831.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Transport properties for combustion modeling AN - 901666324; 15309887 AB - This review examines current approximations and approaches that underlie the evaluation of transport properties for combustion modeling applications. Discussed in the review are: the intermolecular potential and its descriptive molecular parameters; various approaches to evaluating collision integrals; supporting data required for the evaluation of transport properties; commonly used computer programs for predicting transport properties; the quality of experimental measurements and their importance for validating or rejecting approximations to property estimation; the interpretation of corresponding states; combination rules that yield pair molecular potential parameters for unlike species from like species parameters; and mixture approximations. The insensitivity of transport properties to the intermolecular forces is noted, especially the non-uniqueness of the supporting potential parameters. Viscosity experiments of pure substances and binary mixtures measured post 1970 are used to evaluate a number of approximations; the intermediate temperature range 1 T* 10, where T* is kT/ epsilon , is emphasized since this is where rich data sets are available. When suitable potential parameters are used, errors in transport property predictions for pure non-polar substances and their binary mixtures are less than 5% when they are calculated using the approaches of Kee et al.; Mason, Kestin, and Uribe; Paul and Warnatz; or Ern and Giovangigli. Recommendations stemming from the review include (1) revisiting the supporting data required by the various computational approaches, and updating the data sets with accurate potential parameters, dipole moments, and polarizabilities; (2) characterizing the range of parameter space over which the fit to experimental data is good, rather than the current practice of reporting only the parameter set that best fits the data; (3) looking for improved combining rules, since existing rules were found to under-predict the viscosity of mixtures in most cases; (4) performing more transport property measurements for mixtures that include radical species, an important but neglected area; (5) using the TRANLIB approach for treating polar molecules; (6) continuing to evaluate whether a different parameterization is required for the intermolecular potential for T* 10; (7) performing more accurate measurements of the molecular parameters used to evaluate the molecular heat capacity and the rotational relaxation collision number, since they affect thermal conductivity; and (8) using the EGLIB approach and computer program with improved supporting data to evaluate transport properties. EGLIB uses the TRANLIB methodology for collision integral evaluation. JF - Progress in Energy and Combustion Science AU - Brown, Nancy J AU - Bastien, Lucas AJ AU - Price, Phillip N AD - Atmospheric Sciences Department, Environmental Energy Technology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94707, USA, njbrown@lbl.gov Y1 - 2011/09// PY - 2011 DA - Sep 2011 SP - 565 EP - 582 PB - Elsevier B.V. VL - 37 IS - 5 SN - 0360-1285, 0360-1285 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Transport properties KW - Combustion modeling KW - Intermolecular potential KW - Collision integrals KW - Computer programs KW - thermal conductivity KW - Reviews KW - Temperature KW - Combustion KW - ENA 03:Energy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/901666324?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Progress+in+Energy+and+Combustion+Science&rft.atitle=Transport+properties+for+combustion+modeling&rft.au=Brown%2C+Nancy+J%3BBastien%2C+Lucas+AJ%3BPrice%2C+Phillip+N&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Nancy&rft.date=2011-09-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=565&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Progress+in+Energy+and+Combustion+Science&rft.issn=03601285&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.pecs.2010.12.001 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Computer programs; thermal conductivity; Reviews; Temperature; Combustion DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2010.12.001 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Optimization of a heterologous mevalonate pathway through the use of variant HMG-CoA reductases. AN - 885909784; 21810477 AB - Expression of foreign pathways often results in suboptimal performance due to unintended factors such as introduction of toxic metabolites, cofactor imbalances or poor expression of pathway components. In this study we report a 120% improvement in the production of the isoprenoid-derived sesquiterpene, amorphadiene, produced by an engineered strain of Escherichia coli developed to express the native seven-gene mevalonate pathway from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Martin et al. 2003). This substantial improvement was made by varying only a single component of the pathway (HMG-CoA reductase) and subsequent host optimization to improve cofactor availability. We characterized and tested five variant HMG-CoA reductases obtained from publicly available genome databases with differing kinetic properties and cofactor requirements. The results of our in vitro and in vivo analyses of these enzymes implicate substrate inhibition of mevalonate kinase as an important factor in optimization of the engineered mevalonate pathway. Consequently, the NADH-dependent HMG-CoA reductase from Delftia acidovorans, which appeared to have the optimal kinetic parameters to balance HMG-CoA levels below the cellular toxicity threshold of E. coli and those of mevalonate below inhibitory concentrations for mevalonate kinase, was identified as the best producer for amorphadiene (54% improvement over the native pathway enzyme, resulting in 2.5mM or 520 mg/L of amorphadiene after 48 h). We further enhanced performance of the strain bearing the D. acidovorans HMG-CoA reductase by increasing the intracellular levels of its preferred cofactor (NADH) using a NAD(+)-dependent formate dehydrogenase from Candida boidinii, along with formate supplementation. This resulted in an overall improvement of the system by 120% resulting in 3.5mM or 700 mg/L amorphadiene after 48 h of fermentation. This comprehensive study incorporated analysis of several key parameters for metabolic design such as in vitro and in vivo kinetic performance of variant enzymes, intracellular levels of protein expression, in-pathway substrate inhibition and cofactor management to enable the observed improvements. These metrics may be applied to a broad range of heterologous pathways for improving the production of biologically derived compounds. JF - Metabolic engineering AU - Ma, Suzanne M AU - Garcia, David E AU - Redding-Johanson, Alyssa M AU - Friedland, Gregory D AU - Chan, Rossana AU - Batth, Tanveer S AU - Haliburton, John R AU - Chivian, Dylan AU - Keasling, Jay D AU - Petzold, Christopher J AU - Lee, Taek Soon AU - Chhabra, Swapnil R AD - Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA. Y1 - 2011/09// PY - 2011 DA - September 2011 SP - 588 EP - 597 VL - 13 IS - 5 KW - Bacterial Proteins KW - 0 KW - Formates KW - Fungal Proteins KW - Sesquiterpenes KW - amorpha-4,11-diene KW - formic acid KW - 0YIW783RG1 KW - Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductases, NAD-Dependent KW - EC 1.1.1.88 KW - Formate Dehydrogenases KW - EC 1.2.1.2 KW - Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor) KW - EC 2.7.1.- KW - mevalonate kinase KW - EC 2.7.1.36 KW - Mevalonic Acid KW - S5UOB36OCZ KW - Index Medicus KW - Sesquiterpenes -- metabolism KW - Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor) -- biosynthesis KW - Candida -- genetics KW - Formate Dehydrogenases -- genetics KW - Candida -- enzymology KW - Fungal Proteins -- biosynthesis KW - Formate Dehydrogenases -- biosynthesis KW - Formates -- pharmacology KW - Fungal Proteins -- genetics KW - Formates -- metabolism KW - Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor) -- genetics KW - Escherichia coli -- metabolism KW - Delftia acidovorans -- genetics KW - Bacterial Proteins -- genetics KW - Bacterial Proteins -- biosynthesis KW - Organisms, Genetically Modified -- metabolism KW - Organisms, Genetically Modified -- growth & development KW - Mevalonic Acid -- metabolism KW - Escherichia coli -- genetics KW - Organisms, Genetically Modified -- genetics KW - Escherichia coli -- growth & development KW - Delftia acidovorans -- enzymology KW - Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductases, NAD-Dependent -- biosynthesis KW - Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductases, NAD-Dependent -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/885909784?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Metabolic+engineering&rft.atitle=Optimization+of+a+heterologous+mevalonate+pathway+through+the+use+of+variant+HMG-CoA+reductases.&rft.au=Ma%2C+Suzanne+M%3BGarcia%2C+David+E%3BRedding-Johanson%2C+Alyssa+M%3BFriedland%2C+Gregory+D%3BChan%2C+Rossana%3BBatth%2C+Tanveer+S%3BHaliburton%2C+John+R%3BChivian%2C+Dylan%3BKeasling%2C+Jay+D%3BPetzold%2C+Christopher+J%3BLee%2C+Taek+Soon%3BChhabra%2C+Swapnil+R&rft.aulast=Ma&rft.aufirst=Suzanne&rft.date=2011-09-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=588&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Metabolic+engineering&rft.issn=1096-7184&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.ymben.2011.07.001 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2011-11-14 N1 - Date created - 2011-08-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-17 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-22 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ymben.2011.07.001 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The impact of rate design and net metering on the bill savings from distributed PV for residential customers in California AN - 884120494; 4222664 AB - Net metering has become a widespread mechanism in the U.S. for supporting customer adoption of distributed photovoltaics (PV), but has faced challenges as PV installations grow to a larger share of generation in a number of states. This paper examines the value of the bill savings that customers receive under net metering, and the associated role of retail rate design, based on a sample of approximately two hundred residential customers of California's two largest electric utilities. We find that the bill savings per kWh of PV electricity generated varies by more than a factor of four across the customers in the sample, which is largely attributable to the inclining block structure of the utilities' residential retail rates. We also compare the bill savings under net metering to that received under three potential alternative compensation mechanisms, based on California's Market Price Referent (MPR). We find that net metering provides significantly greater bill savings than a full MPR-based feed-in tariff, but only modestly greater savings than alternative mechanisms under which hourly or monthly net excess generation is compensated at the MPR rate. All rights reserved, Elsevier JF - Energy policy AU - Darghouth, Naim R AU - Barbose, G AU - Wiser, R AD - Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Y1 - 2011/09// PY - 2011 DA - Sep 2011 SP - 5243 EP - 5253 VL - 39 IS - 9 SN - 0301-4215, 0301-4215 KW - Economics KW - U.S.A. KW - California KW - Compensation KW - Energy prices KW - Household expenditure KW - Cost minimization KW - Solar energy KW - Retail prices KW - Power generation KW - Renewable energy sources UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/884120494?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aibss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Energy+policy&rft.atitle=The+impact+of+rate+design+and+net+metering+on+the+bill+savings+from+distributed+PV+for+residential+customers+in+California&rft.au=Darghouth%2C+Naim+R%3BBarbose%2C+G%3BWiser%2C+R&rft.aulast=Darghouth&rft.aufirst=Naim&rft.date=2011-09-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=5243&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Energy+policy&rft.issn=03014215&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.enpol.2011.05.040 LA - English DB - International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS) N1 - Date revised - 2013-06-12 N1 - Last updated - 2013-09-16 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - 12059 4246; 9971 4163 4246; 2925 2934; 6036 4618; 4263 10107; 10876 4271; 2644 9295; 10979 10107; 72 433 293 14 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2011.05.040 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ozone pollution regimes modeled for a summer season in California's San Joaquin Valley: A cluster analysis AN - 1642228650; 15381108 AB - This study demonstrates an application of cluster analysis to model simulation data for California's San Joaquin Valley (SJV) for the purpose of identifying meteorologically representative pollution regimes. Principal component analysis is employed to facilitate exploring and visualizing temporal variations in highly resolved gridded model data. Six regimes are clustered according to the spatial distribution of SJV 8 h ozone maxima. Meteorological effects (temperature and winds) are shown to explain the observed ozone spatial distributions in the SJV, and their relationship to those in upwind San Francisco Bay Area air basin (SFB) under certain prevailing wind flow patterns. In general, average ozone levels in the SJV increase with temperature, while their spatial distributions depend on flow regimes, especially the strength of sea breezes and upslope flows. More ventilated flow regimes, associated with stronger sea breeze and upslope flows, cause eastward transport of pollutants, increasing ozone in the southeastern SJV and decreasing it in the northwest SJV. The opposite occurs during the most stagnant conditions associated with the weakest sea breeze and upslope flows. The two most prominent relationships between the SFB and SJV were found to be associated with the most ventilated and the most stagnant conditions, respectively, indicating a strong inter-basin transport (or the lack thereof) event. Spatial representativeness of existing measurement sites and the confounding influences of emission changes on clustering results are also investigated. Existing measurement sites are able to capture ozone spatial patterns in the SFB and Sacramento Valley (SV), whereas those along the western side of the SJV are under-represented. Differences in day-of-week emissions produce minor effects on spatial ozone distributions and the clusters are largely stable under these changes. JF - Atmospheric Environment AU - Jin, Ling AU - Harley, Robert A AU - Brown, Nancy J AD - Atmospheric Sciences Department, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA Y1 - 2011/09// PY - 2011 DA - September 2011 SP - 4707 EP - 4718 PB - Elsevier B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 45 IS - 27 SN - 1352-2310, 1352-2310 KW - Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); CSA / ASCE Civil Engineering Abstracts (CE); Aerospace & High Technology Database (AH) KW - Air pollution KW - Sea breezes KW - Spatial distribution KW - Pollution abatement KW - Cluster analysis KW - Clustering KW - Valleys KW - Ozone KW - Marine UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1642228650?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.atitle=Ozone+pollution+regimes+modeled+for+a+summer+season+in+California%27s+San+Joaquin+Valley%3A+A+cluster+analysis&rft.au=Jin%2C+Ling%3BHarley%2C+Robert+A%3BBrown%2C+Nancy+J&rft.aulast=Jin&rft.aufirst=Ling&rft.date=2011-09-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=27&rft.spage=4707&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.issn=13522310&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.atmosenv.2011.04.064 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-08-08 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.04.064 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Techno-economic analysis of a lignocellulosic ethanol biorefinery with ionic liquid pre-treatment AN - 1017983747; 16718890 AB - Lignocellulose dissolution in ionic liquids is a relatively new biomass pre-treatment technology that is receiving growing interest from the biofuels community as a route to provide readily-hydrolyzable holocellulose. Despite its proven advantages over other pre-treatment technologies - including feedstock invariance, high monomeric sugar yields over short saccharification times, and extensive delignification - there are several core issues that stand in the way of commercialization. These include the relative high cost of the ionic liquids themselves, a lack of knowledge in terms of process considerations for a biorefinery based on these solvents, and scant information on the coproducts this pre-treatment technology could provide to the marketplace. We present an initial techno-economic model of a biorefinery that is based on the ionic liquid pre-treatment technology and have identified, through a comprehensive sensitivity analysis, the most significant areas in terms of cost savings/revenue generation that must be addressed before ionic liquid pre-treatment can compete with other, more established, pre-treatment technologies. This report evaluates this new pre-treatment technology through the perspective of a virtual operating biorefinery, and although there are significant challenges that must be addressed, there is a clear path that can enable commercialization of this novel approach. ? 2011 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd JF - Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining AU - Klein-Marcuschamer, Daniel AU - Simmons, Blake A AU - Blanch, Harvey W AD - Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA, blanch@berkeley.edu Y1 - 2011/09// PY - 2011 DA - Sep 2011 SP - 562 EP - 569 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 5 IS - 5 SN - 1932-1031, 1932-1031 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - lignocellulose KW - Sugar KW - Solvents KW - Dissolution KW - Refining KW - Biomass KW - Biofuels KW - Models KW - Ethanol KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1017983747?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biofuels%2C+Bioproducts+and+Biorefining&rft.atitle=Techno-economic+analysis+of+a+lignocellulosic+ethanol+biorefinery+with+ionic+liquid+pre-treatment&rft.au=Klein-Marcuschamer%2C+Daniel%3BSimmons%2C+Blake+A%3BBlanch%2C+Harvey+W&rft.aulast=Klein-Marcuschamer&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.date=2011-09-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=562&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biofuels%2C+Bioproducts+and+Biorefining&rft.issn=19321031&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fbbb.303 L2 - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/bbb.303/abstract LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sugar; lignocellulose; Solvents; Dissolution; Refining; Biomass; Biofuels; Ethanol; Models DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bbb.303 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biomass deconstruction to sugars AN - 1017983648; 16717940 AB - The production of biofuels from lignocellulosic biomass relies on the depolymerization of its polysaccharide content into fermentable sugars. Accomplishing this requires pretreatment of the biomass to reduce its size, and chemical or physical alteration of the biomass polymers to enhance the susceptibility of their glycosidic linkages to enzymatic or acid catalyzed cleavage. Well-studied approaches include dilute and concentrated acid pretreatment and catalysis, and the dissolution of biomass in organic solvents. These and recently developed approaches, such as solubilization in ionic liquids, are reviewed in terms of the chemical and physical changes occurring in biomass pretreatment. As pretreatment represents one of the major costs in converting biomass to fuels, the factors that contribute to pretreatments costs, and their impact on overall process economics, are described. JF - Biotechnology Journal AU - Blanch, Harvey W AU - Simmons, Blake A AU - Klein-Marcuschamer, Daniel AD - Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA, blanch@berkeley.edu Y1 - 2011/09// PY - 2011 DA - Sep 2011 SP - 1086 EP - 1102 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 6 IS - 9 SN - 1860-7314, 1860-7314 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Biofuels KW - Biomass KW - Catalysis KW - Depolymerization KW - Dissolution KW - Economics KW - Fuels KW - Polysaccharides KW - Reviews KW - Solubilization KW - Solvents KW - Sugar KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1017983648?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+Journal&rft.atitle=Biomass+deconstruction+to+sugars&rft.au=Blanch%2C+Harvey+W%3BSimmons%2C+Blake+A%3BKlein-Marcuschamer%2C+Daniel&rft.aulast=Blanch&rft.aufirst=Harvey&rft.date=2011-09-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1086&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+Journal&rft.issn=18607314&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fbiot.201000180 L2 - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/biot.201000180/abstract LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-01 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sugar; Depolymerization; Fuels; Solubilization; Reviews; Economics; Solvents; Dissolution; Polysaccharides; Biomass; Biofuels; Catalysis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/biot.201000180 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bioenergy feedstock-specific enrichment of microbial populations during high-solids thermophilic deconstruction AN - 1017963958; 16691862 AB - Thermophilic microbial communities that are active in a high-solids environment offer great potential for the discovery of industrially relevant enzymes that efficiently deconstruct bioenergy feedstocks. In this study, finished green waste compost was used as an inoculum source to enrich microbial communities and associated enzymes that hydrolyze cellulose and hemicellulose during thermophilic high-solids fermentation of the bioenergy feedstocks switchgrass and corn stover. Methods involving the disruption of enzyme and plant cell wall polysaccharide interactions were developed to recover xylanase and endoglucanase activity from deconstructed solids. Xylanase and endoglucanase activity increased by more than a factor of 5, upon four successive enrichments on switchgrass. Overall, the changes for switchgrass were more pronounced than for corn stover; solids reduction between the first and second enrichments increased by a factor of four for switchgrass while solids reduction remained relatively constant for corn stover. Amplicon pyrosequencing analysis of small-subunit ribosomal RNA genes recovered from enriched samples indicated rapid changes in the microbial communities between the first and second enrichment with the simplified communities achieved by the third enrichment. The results demonstrate a successful approach for enrichment of unique microbial communities and enzymes active in a thermophilic high-solids environment. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2011; 108:2088-2098. ? 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. JF - Biotechnology and Bioengineering AU - Reddy, Amitha P AU - Allgaier, Martin AU - Singer, Steven W AU - Hazen, Terry C AU - Simmons, Blake A AU - Hugenholtz, Philip AU - Vandergheynst, Jean S AD - Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California, jsvander@ucdavis.edu Y1 - 2011/09// PY - 2011 DA - Sep 2011 SP - 2088 EP - 2098 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 108 IS - 9 SN - 1097-0290, 1097-0290 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Endoglucanase KW - Fermentation KW - Cellulose KW - Polysaccharides KW - Xylan endo-1,3- beta -xylosidase KW - rRNA KW - Plant cells KW - Corn KW - Inoculum KW - Enrichment KW - Thermophilic microorganisms KW - Populations KW - Composts KW - Wastes KW - Enzymes KW - Solids KW - hemicellulose KW - Microorganisms KW - Biotechnology KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - SW 3050:Ultimate disposal of wastes KW - A 01310:Products of Microorganisms KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1017963958?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+and+Bioengineering&rft.atitle=Bioenergy+feedstock-specific+enrichment+of+microbial+populations+during+high-solids+thermophilic+deconstruction&rft.au=Reddy%2C+Amitha+P%3BAllgaier%2C+Martin%3BSinger%2C+Steven+W%3BHazen%2C+Terry+C%3BSimmons%2C+Blake+A%3BHugenholtz%2C+Philip%3BVandergheynst%2C+Jean+S&rft.aulast=Reddy&rft.aufirst=Amitha&rft.date=2011-09-01&rft.volume=108&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=2088&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+and+Bioengineering&rft.issn=10970290&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fbit.23176 L2 - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/bit.23176/abstract LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Endoglucanase; Composts; Fermentation; Cellulose; Wastes; Enzymes; Polysaccharides; Xylan endo-1,3- beta -xylosidase; hemicellulose; rRNA; Plant cells; Inoculum; Thermophilic microorganisms; Corn; Microorganisms; Solids; Enrichment; Populations; Biotechnology DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.23176 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A sensor array system for profiling moisture in unsaturated rock and soil AN - 1017961733; 16698637 AB - As the scope of hydrologic investigations extend deeper into the subsurface profile, and increasingly include fractured rock, there is a growing need for techniques that can accurately monitor saturation changes at a high spatial and temporal resolution in this environment. We have developed a technique, the Electrical Resistance Sensor Array System (ERSAS), to track moisture dynamics in vadose zone regions that include both fractured rock and soil. The performance of ERSAS was compared with the time domain reflectometry (TDR) technique under controlled and field conditions. We found that ERSAS was effective in determining patterns of saturation changes along vertical soil/rock profiles. Because of the small size of individual sensors, it was able to resolve travel times associated with a wetting front and peak saturation better than TDR. In addition, ERSAS is significantly cheaper than the TDR system, and the sensor arrays are relatively easier to install in the subsurface profile. Published in 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. JF - Hydrological Processes AU - Salve, Rohit Y1 - 2011/08/30/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Aug 30 SP - 2907 EP - 2915 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 25 IS - 18 SN - 1099-1085, 1099-1085 KW - Environment Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Moisture KW - Sensors KW - Climate change KW - Environmental factors KW - Soil KW - Resistance KW - Economics KW - Geologic Fractures KW - Hydrologic analysis KW - Profiling KW - Vadose waters KW - Saturation KW - Traveltime KW - Performance Evaluation KW - Rocks KW - Fronts KW - Profiles KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - M2 556:General (556) KW - SW 0845:Water in soils KW - Q2 09162:Methods and instruments KW - ENA 15:Renewable Resources-Terrestrial UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1017961733?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hydrological+Processes&rft.atitle=A+sensor+array+system+for+profiling+moisture+in+unsaturated+rock+and+soil&rft.au=Salve%2C+Rohit&rft.aulast=Salve&rft.aufirst=Rohit&rft.date=2011-08-30&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=18&rft.spage=2907&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hydrological+Processes&rft.issn=10991085&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fhyp.8053 L2 - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/hyp.8053/abstract LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-07-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sensors; Profiling; Climate change; Environmental factors; Hydrologic analysis; Fronts; Vadose waters; Soil; Economics; Moisture; Geologic Fractures; Performance Evaluation; Resistance; Rocks; Profiles; Saturation; Traveltime DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.8053 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Physicochemical controls on adsorbed water film thickness in unsaturated geological media AN - 899172891; 15744003 AB - Capillary pore filling constrains the upper limit of adsorbed film thickness A DLVO model for adsorbed water films has been developed Adsorbed water films commonly range from about 1 to 20 nm Adsorbed water films commonly coat mineral surfaces in unsaturated soils and rocks, reducing flow and transport rates. Therefore, it is important to understand how adsorbed film thickness depends on matric potential, surface chemistry, and solution chemistry. Here the problem of adsorbed water film thickness is examined by combining capillary scaling with the Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) theory. Novel aspects of this analysis include determining capillary influences on film thicknesses and incorporating solution chemistry-dependent electrostatic potential at air-water interfaces. Capillary analysis of monodisperse packings of spherical grains provided estimated ranges of matric potentials where adsorbed films are stable and showed that pendular rings within drained porous media retain most of the "residual" water except under very low matric potentials. Within drained pores, capillary contributions to thinning of adsorbed films on spherical grains are shown to be small, such that DLVO calculations for flat surfaces are suitable approximations. Hamaker constants of common soil minerals were obtained to determine ranges of the dispersion component to matric potential-dependent film thickness. The pressure component associated with electrical double-layer forces was estimated using the compression and linear superposition approximations. The pH-dependent electrical double-layer pressure component is the dominant contribution to film thicknesses at intermediate values of matric potential, especially in lower ionic strength solutions (<10 mol m-3) on surfaces with higher-magnitude electrostatic potentials (more negative than approximately -50 mV). Adsorbed water films are predicted to usually range in thickness from approximately 1 to 20 nm in drained pores and fractures of unsaturated environments. JF - Water Resources Research AU - Tokunaga, Tetsu K AD - Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA Y1 - 2011/08/17/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Aug 17 PB - American Geophysical Union, 2000 Florida Ave., N.W. Washington DC 20009 United States VL - 47 IS - 08 SN - 0043-1397, 0043-1397 KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts KW - 1838 Hydrology: Infiltration KW - 1866 Hydrology: Soil moisture KW - 1875 Hydrology: Vadose zone KW - DLVO KW - adsorbed water KW - matric potential KW - water film KW - Air-water Interfaces KW - Water resources KW - Films KW - Surface chemistry KW - Porous Media KW - Fractures KW - Air-water interface KW - Model Studies KW - Pores KW - Strength KW - Water resources research KW - Minerals KW - Groundwater Movement KW - Scaling KW - Dispersion KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - SW 0845:Water in soils KW - Q2 09272:Petrology and chemistry of rocks KW - M2 556.18:Water Management (556.18) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/899172891?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Research&rft.atitle=Physicochemical+controls+on+adsorbed+water+film+thickness+in+unsaturated+geological+media&rft.au=Tokunaga%2C+Tetsu+K&rft.aulast=Tokunaga&rft.aufirst=Tetsu&rft.date=2011-08-17&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=08&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Research&rft.issn=00431397&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2011WR010676 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-10-01 N1 - Number of references - 67 N1 - Last updated - 2016-04-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fractures; Water resources; Air-water interface; Dispersion; Surface chemistry; Water resources research; Strength; Pores; Porous Media; Air-water Interfaces; Scaling; Groundwater Movement; Minerals; Model Studies; Films DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011WR010676 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biogenic uraninite precipitation and its reoxidation by iron(III) (hydr)oxides: A reaction modeling approach AN - 888095097; 15458284 AB - One option for immobilizing uranium present in subsurface contaminated groundwater is in situ bioremediation, whereby dissimilatory metal-reducing bacteria and/or sulfate-reducing bacteria are stimulated to catalyze the reduction of soluble U(VI) and precipitate it as uraninite (UO sub(2)). This is typically accomplished by amending groundwater with an organic electron donor. It has been shown, however, that once the electron donor is entirely consumed, Fe(III) (hydr)oxides can reoxidize biogenically produced UO sub(2), thus potentially impeding cleanup efforts. On the basis of published experiments showing that such reoxidation takes place even under highly reducing conditions (e.g., sulfate-reducing conditions), thermodynamic and kinetic constraints affecting this reoxidation are examined using multicomponent biogeochemical simulations, with particular focus on the role of sulfide and Fe(II) in solution. The solubility of UO sub(2) and Fe(III) (hydr)oxides are presented, and the effect of nanoscale particle size on stability is discussed. Thermodynamically, sulfide is preferentially oxidized by Fe(III) (hydr)oxides, compared to biogenic UO sub(2), and for this reason the relative rates of sulfide and UO sub(2) oxidation play a key role on whether or not UO sub(2) reoxidizes. The amount of Fe(II) in solution is another important factor, with the precipitation of Fe(II) minerals lowering the Fe super(+2) activity in solution and increasing the potential for both sulfide and UO sub(2) reoxidation. The greater (and unintuitive) UO sub(2) reoxidation by hematite compared to ferrihydrite previously reported in some experiments can be explained by the exhaustion of this mineral from reaction with sulfide. Simulations also confirm previous studies suggesting that carbonate produced by the degradation of organic electron donors used for bioreduction may significantly increase the potential for UO sub(2) reoxidation through formation of uranyl carbonate aqueous complexes. JF - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta AU - Spycher, Nicolas F AU - Issarangkun, Montarat AU - Stewart, Brandy D AU - Sengoer, SSevinc AU - Belding, Eileen AU - Ginn, Tim R AU - Peyton, Brent M AU - Sani, Rajesh K Y1 - 2011/08/15/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Aug 15 SP - 4426 EP - 4440 PB - Elsevier B.V., P.O. Box 800 Kidlington Oxford OX5 1DX United Kingdom VL - 75 IS - 16 SN - 0016-7037, 0016-7037 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Bioremediation KW - Particle Size KW - Groundwater Pollution KW - Uranium KW - Particle size KW - Bacteria KW - Sulfate-reducing bacteria KW - Solubility KW - Biogeochemistry KW - Carbonates KW - Sulfides KW - Simulation KW - Precipitation KW - Model Studies KW - Numerical simulations KW - Oxidation KW - Groundwater pollution KW - Groundwater KW - Minerals KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - SW 3050:Ultimate disposal of wastes KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - M2 556.38:Groundwater Basins (556.38) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/888095097?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geochimica+et+Cosmochimica+Acta&rft.atitle=Biogenic+uraninite+precipitation+and+its+reoxidation+by+iron%28III%29+%28hydr%29oxides%3A+A+reaction+modeling+approach&rft.au=Spycher%2C+Nicolas+F%3BIssarangkun%2C+Montarat%3BStewart%2C+Brandy+D%3BSengoer%2C+SSevinc%3BBelding%2C+Eileen%3BGinn%2C+Tim+R%3BPeyton%2C+Brent+M%3BSani%2C+Rajesh+K&rft.aulast=Spycher&rft.aufirst=Nicolas&rft.date=2011-08-15&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=16&rft.spage=4426&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geochimica+et+Cosmochimica+Acta&rft.issn=00167037&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.gca.2011.05.008 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-09 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Solubility; Numerical simulations; Oxidation; Groundwater pollution; Precipitation; Particle size; Sulfate-reducing bacteria; Bioremediation; Biogeochemistry; Uranium; Sulfides; Simulation; Groundwater; Minerals; Bacteria; Particle Size; Carbonates; Groundwater Pollution; Model Studies DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2011.05.008 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Turbulence-flame interactions in lean premixed hydrogen: transition to the distributed burning regime AN - 1541424219; 19371575 AB - The response of lean ( less than or equal to 0.4) premixed hydrogen flames to maintained homogeneous isotropic turbulence is investigated using detailed numerical simulation in an idealised three-dimensional configuration over a range of Karlovitz numbers from 10 to 1562. In particular, a focus is placed on turbulence sufficiently intense that the flames can no longer be considered to be in the thin reaction burning regime. This transition to the so-called distributed burning regime is characterised through a number of diagnostics, and the relative roles of molecular and turbulent mixing processes are examined. The phenomenology and statistics of these flames are contrasted with a distributed thermonuclear flame from a related astrophysical study. JF - Journal of Fluid Mechanics AU - Aspden, A J AU - Day AU - Bell, J B AD - Center for Computational Sciences and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, MS 50A-1148, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA, AJAspden@lbl.gov Y1 - 2011/08/10/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Aug 10 SP - 287 EP - 320 PB - Cambridge University Press, The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 2RU United Kingdom VL - 680 SN - 0022-1120, 0022-1120 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - Hydrological Regime KW - Statistics KW - Statistical analysis KW - Turbulent mixing KW - Hydrogen KW - turbulence KW - Mixing KW - Fluid Mechanics KW - Fluid mechanics KW - Incineration KW - Numerical simulations KW - Isotropic turbulence KW - Mixing processes KW - Turbulence KW - Q2 09169:Fluid mechanics KW - M2 52:C. Astrophysics (52) KW - SW 6010:Structures UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1541424219?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Fluid+Mechanics&rft.atitle=Turbulence-flame+interactions+in+lean+premixed+hydrogen%3A+transition+to+the+distributed+burning+regime&rft.au=Aspden%2C+A+J%3BDay%3BBell%2C+J+B&rft.aulast=Aspden&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2011-08-10&rft.volume=680&rft.issue=&rft.spage=287&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Fluid+Mechanics&rft.issn=00221120&rft_id=info:doi/10.1017%2Fjfm.2011.164 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-03-17 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fluid mechanics; Mixing processes; Hydrogen; Turbulence; Numerical simulations; Isotropic turbulence; Statistical analysis; Turbulent mixing; Hydrological Regime; Incineration; Statistics; turbulence; Mixing; Fluid Mechanics DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2011.164 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Uncovering the mechanistic basis for soil microbial community response to altered precipitation patterns T2 - 96th Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of America (ESA 2011) AN - 1313018200; 6100005 JF - 96th Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of America (ESA 2011) AU - Bouskill, N AU - Karaoz, U AU - Bowen, B AU - Baran, R AU - Northen, T AU - Brodie, E Y1 - 2011/08/07/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Aug 07 KW - Soil microorganisms KW - Microbial activity KW - Precipitation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1313018200?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=96th+Annual+Meeting+of+the+Ecological+Society+of+America+%28ESA+2011%29&rft.atitle=Uncovering+the+mechanistic+basis+for+soil+microbial+community+response+to+altered+precipitation+patterns&rft.au=Bouskill%2C+N%3BKaraoz%2C+U%3BBowen%2C+B%3BBaran%2C+R%3BNorthen%2C+T%3BBrodie%2C+E&rft.aulast=Bouskill&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2011-08-07&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=96th+Annual+Meeting+of+the+Ecological+Society+of+America+%28ESA+2011%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.esa.org/austin/info/2011_ESA_Annual_Meeting_%28Austin%29_program.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - How can soil microbial biogeography improve our ability to predict soil responses to climate change? T2 - 96th Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of America (ESA 2011) AN - 1312948790; 6100325 JF - 96th Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of America (ESA 2011) AU - Brodie, E AU - Bouskill, N Y1 - 2011/08/07/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Aug 07 KW - Soil KW - Biogeography KW - Climatic changes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312948790?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=96th+Annual+Meeting+of+the+Ecological+Society+of+America+%28ESA+2011%29&rft.atitle=How+can+soil+microbial+biogeography+improve+our+ability+to+predict+soil+responses+to+climate+change%3F&rft.au=Brodie%2C+E%3BBouskill%2C+N&rft.aulast=Brodie&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2011-08-07&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=96th+Annual+Meeting+of+the+Ecological+Society+of+America+%28ESA+2011%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.esa.org/austin/info/2011_ESA_Annual_Meeting_%28Austin%29_program.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sidestream tobacco smoke is a male germ cell mutagen. AN - 881087370; 21768363 AB - Active cigarette smoking increases oxidative damage, DNA adducts, DNA strand breaks, chromosomal aberrations, and heritable mutations in sperm. However, little is known regarding the effects of second-hand smoke on the male germ line. We show here that short-term exposure to mainstream tobacco smoke or sidestream tobacco smoke (STS), the main component of second-hand smoke, induces mutations at an expanded simple tandem repeat locus (Ms6-hm) in mouse sperm. We further show that the response to STS is not linear and that, for both mainstream tobacco smoke and STS, doses that induced significant increases in expanded simple tandem repeat mutations in sperm did not increase the frequencies of micronucleated reticulocytes and erythrocytes in the bone marrow and blood of exposed mice. These data show that passive exposure to cigarette smoke can cause tandem repeat mutations in sperm under conditions that may not induce genetic damage in somatic cells. Although the relationship between noncoding tandem repeat instability and mutations in functional regions of the genome is unclear, our data suggest that paternal exposure to second-hand smoke may have reproductive consequences that go beyond the passive smoker. JF - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America AU - Marchetti, Francesco AU - Rowan-Carroll, Andrea AU - Williams, Andrew AU - Polyzos, Aris AU - Berndt-Weis, M Lynn AU - Yauk, Carole L AD - Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. francesco.marchetti@hc-sc.gc.ca Y1 - 2011/08/02/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Aug 02 SP - 12811 EP - 12814 VL - 108 IS - 31 KW - Mutagens KW - 0 KW - Smoke KW - Index Medicus KW - Mutation -- drug effects KW - Reticulocytes -- drug effects KW - Micronucleus, Germline -- drug effects KW - Erythrocytes -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Micronuclei, Chromosome-Defective -- chemically induced KW - Reticulocytes -- metabolism KW - Mice KW - Minisatellite Repeats -- genetics KW - Erythrocytes -- metabolism KW - Tandem Repeat Sequences -- genetics KW - Time Factors KW - Male KW - Smoke -- adverse effects KW - Tobacco -- chemistry KW - Spermatozoa -- drug effects KW - Spermatozoa -- metabolism KW - Mutagens -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/881087370?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+of+the+United+States+of+America&rft.atitle=Sidestream+tobacco+smoke+is+a+male+germ+cell+mutagen.&rft.au=Marchetti%2C+Francesco%3BRowan-Carroll%2C+Andrea%3BWilliams%2C+Andrew%3BPolyzos%2C+Aris%3BBerndt-Weis%2C+M+Lynn%3BYauk%2C+Carole+L&rft.aulast=Marchetti&rft.aufirst=Francesco&rft.date=2011-08-02&rft.volume=108&rft.issue=31&rft.spage=12811&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+of+the+United+States+of+America&rft.issn=1091-6490&rft_id=info:doi/10.1073%2Fpnas.1106896108 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2011-10-27 N1 - Date created - 2011-08-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-17 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Mutat Res. 2004 Oct 4;554(1-2):287-95 [15450426] Mutat Res. 2004 Mar;566(2):169-82 [15164979] Toxicol Lett. 1987 Jan;35(1):153-6 [3810675] Nature. 1996 Apr 25;380(6576):683-6 [8614461] Mutat Res. 1996 Jun 10;352(1-2):169-72 [8676906] Nat Genet. 1997 May;16(1):74-8 [9140398] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 May 26;95(11):6251-5 [9600951] Carcinogenesis. 1999 Aug;20(8):1491-7 [10426797] Mutat Res. 2004 Nov;567(2-3):427-45 [15572289] Mutat Res. 2004 Nov;567(2-3):447-74 [15572290] Mutat Res. 2005 Mar 7;581(1-2):69-82 [15725606] Environ Mol Mutagen. 2006 Jun;47(5):362-90 [16649190] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Jun 20;103(25):9601-6 [16766665] Oncogene. 2006 Nov 30;25(56):7336-42 [16751800] Cancer Res. 2007 Jun 1;67(11):5103-6 [17545587] Mutat Res. 2007 Dec 1;634(1-2):119-25 [17686648] Environ Mol Mutagen. 2008 May;49(4):308-11 [18366099] Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 2008 Jun;20(3):281-91 [18460944] Cancer Res. 2008 May 15;68(10):3630-6 [18483245] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2009 Jun 15;237(3):298-305 [19345701] Lancet Oncol. 2009 Nov;10(11):1033-4 [19891056] Genome Biol. 2009;10(12):R137 [19954527] Environ Mol Mutagen. 2010 Oct-Dec;51(8-9):919-28 [20740630] Mutagenesis. 2011 Jan;26(1):139-45 [21164195] Lancet. 2011 Jan 8;377(9760):139-46 [21112082] Carcinogenesis. 2000 Mar;21(3):397-404 [10688860] Nature. 2000 May 4;405(6782):37 [10811208] Radiat Res. 2001 Jan;155(1 Pt 1):74-80 [11121218] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Feb 13;98(4):1705-10 [11172015] Mutat Res. 2001 Jul 1;478(1-2):211-3 [11406186] Science. 2002 Feb 8;295(5557):1037 [11834827] Mutat Res. 2002 Mar 20;500(1-2):147-56 [11890944] Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 2002 Apr;14(2):145-51 [11914691] Am J Hum Genet. 2002 Oct;71(4):801-9 [12226793] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Dec 10;99(25):15904-7 [12473746] Environ Mol Mutagen. 2003;41(2):111-20 [12605380] Radiat Res. 2003 May;159(5):651-5 [12710876] Mutat Res. 2003 May 15;526(1-2):63-73 [12714184] Tob Control. 2003 Dec;12(4):424-30 [14660781] Fertil Steril. 2004 Apr;81(4):1181-6 [15066502] Mutat Res. 2004 Apr 11;559(1-2):143-51 [15066582] Physiol Bohemoslov. 1978;27(3):209-17 [150611] N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-22 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1106896108 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of ionic strength on the Mg content of calcite; toward a physical basis for minor element uptake during step growth AN - 904460678; 2011-102241 AB - This experimental study determined the effect of ionic strength (IS) on the uptake of Mg into calcites that grew by the classical step propagation process. Using flow-through AFM and defined solution chemistry, calcite was grown in NaCl and KCl solutions of known supersaturation state while measuring the corresponding growth kinetics. Analysis of the resulting calcite compositions by SIMS shows that Mg content is inversely correlated with IS for both electrolytes. A sixfold increase in IS decreases the Mg-content by up to 40%. Overgrowths that developed in NaCl solutions contain more Mg than samples that grew in KCl solutions. The corresponding kinetic measurements reveal that step propagation rates are independent of IS within experimental error but are electrolyte-specific. In NaCl solutions, steps with the obtuse geometry move significantly faster than acute steps, but in KCl solutions, the acute and obtuse steps move at similar rates. Analysis of the data suggests that the decrease in Mg content with increasing IS arises from the interplay of ion-kink interactions between the background cations (Na (super +) or K (super +) ), the primary solute cation (Ca (super 2+) ), and the impurity (Mg (super 2+) ). A simple physical model proposes that increasing levels of electrolytes block the attachment of the strongly hydrated Mg (super 2+) ion relative to Ca (super 2+) but the effects are step-specific for each type of electrolyte. Whereas K (super +) interacts weakly with kink sites along both step directions, Na (super +) interacts preferentially with acute steps and, consequently, slows their rate of step propagation relative to obtuse steps. Because Na (super +) increases the fraction of the surface that develops from acute steps and because Mg is preferentially incorporated into the kink sites of acute steps, calcite overgrowths developed in NaCl solutions contain more Mg than those in grown in KCl. Thus, the salt-specific Mg contents measured in this study can be explained by shifts in the distribution of step types and the ability of each step type to incorporate Mg. The findings reconcile apparent discrepancies regarding the effect of IS on calcite kinetics and Mg incorporation observed in laboratory-based studies. JF - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta AU - Stephenson, A E AU - Hunter, J L AU - Han, N AU - DeYoreo, J J AU - Dove, P M Y1 - 2011/08// PY - 2011 DA - August 2011 SP - 4340 EP - 4350 PB - Elsevier, New York, NY VL - 75 IS - 15 SN - 0016-7037, 0016-7037 KW - Globigerinoides sacculifer KW - calcium KW - magnesium KW - oxygen KW - solutions KW - isotopes KW - thermal ionization mass spectra KW - mass spectra KW - crystal growth KW - salinity KW - stable isotopes KW - physical models KW - Globigerinacea KW - Foraminifera KW - atomic force microscopy data KW - Globigerinidae KW - Invertebrata KW - spectra KW - chemical composition KW - kinetics KW - geochemistry KW - chemical ratios KW - alkaline earth metals KW - sodium chloride KW - experimental studies KW - Protista KW - isotope ratios KW - Rotaliina KW - planktonic taxa KW - O-18/O-16 KW - calcite KW - Globigerinoides KW - metals KW - crystal chemistry KW - carbonates KW - microfossils KW - 01C:Mineralogy of non-silicates KW - 02A:General geochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/904460678?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geochimica+et+Cosmochimica+Acta&rft.atitle=Effect+of+ionic+strength+on+the+Mg+content+of+calcite%3B+toward+a+physical+basis+for+minor+element+uptake+during+step+growth&rft.au=Stephenson%2C+A+E%3BHunter%2C+J+L%3BHan%2C+N%3BDeYoreo%2C+J+J%3BDove%2C+P+M&rft.aulast=Stephenson&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2011-08-01&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=15&rft.spage=4340&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geochimica+et+Cosmochimica+Acta&rft.issn=00167037&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.gca.2011.05.016 L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00167037 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from CAPCAS, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 45 N1 - PubXState - NY N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GCACAK N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - alkaline earth metals; atomic force microscopy data; calcite; calcium; carbonates; chemical composition; chemical ratios; crystal chemistry; crystal growth; experimental studies; Foraminifera; geochemistry; Globigerinacea; Globigerinidae; Globigerinoides; Globigerinoides sacculifer; Invertebrata; isotope ratios; isotopes; kinetics; magnesium; mass spectra; metals; microfossils; O-18/O-16; oxygen; physical models; planktonic taxa; Protista; Rotaliina; salinity; sodium chloride; solutions; spectra; stable isotopes; thermal ionization mass spectra DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2011.05.016 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Iterative Tensor Voting for Perceptual Grouping of Ill-Defined Curvilinear Structures AN - 888101987; 15405174 AB - In this paper, a novel approach is proposed for perceptual grouping and localization of ill-defined curvilinear structures. Our approach builds upon the tensor voting and the iterative voting frameworks. Its efficacy lies on iterative refinements of curvilinear structures by gradually shifting from an exploratory to an exploitative mode. Such a mode shifting is achieved by reducing the aperture of the tensor voting fields, which is shown to improve curve grouping and inference by enhancing the concentration of the votes over promising, salient structures. The proposed technique is validated on delineating adherens junctions that are imaged through fluorescence microscopy. However, the method is also applicable for screening other organisms based on characteristics of their cell wall structures. Adherens junctions maintain tissue structural integrity and cell-cell interactions. Visually, they exhibit fibrous patterns that may be diffused, heterogeneous in fluorescence intensity, or punctate and frequently perceptual. Besides the application to real data, the proposed method is compared to prior methods on synthetic and annotated real data, showing high precision rates. JF - IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging AU - Loss, Leandro A AU - Bebis, George AU - Parvin, Bahram AD - Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, Y1 - 2011/08// PY - 2011 DA - Aug 2011 SP - 1503 EP - 1513 PB - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., 345 E. 47th St. NY NY 10017-2394 United States VL - 30 IS - 8 SN - 0278-0062, 0278-0062 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Data processing KW - adherens junctions KW - Cell interactions KW - Cell walls KW - W 30910:Imaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/888101987?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IEEE+Transactions+on+Medical+Imaging&rft.atitle=Iterative+Tensor+Voting+for+Perceptual+Grouping+of+Ill-Defined+Curvilinear+Structures&rft.au=Loss%2C+Leandro+A%3BBebis%2C+George%3BParvin%2C+Bahram&rft.aulast=Loss&rft.aufirst=Leandro&rft.date=2011-08-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1503&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=IEEE+Transactions+on+Medical+Imaging&rft.issn=02780062&rft_id=info:doi/10.1109%2FTMI.2011.2129526 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Data processing; adherens junctions; Cell interactions; Cell walls DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TMI.2011.2129526 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of immunomagnetic separation for the detection of Desulfovibrio vulgaris from environmental samples AN - 883016199; 15208633 AB - Immunomagnetic separation (IMS) has proved highly efficient for recovering microorganisms from heterogeneous samples. Current investigation targeted the separation of viable cells of the sulfate-reducing bacterium, Desulfovibrio vulgaris. Streptavidin-coupled paramagnetic beads and biotin labeled antibodies raised against surface antigens of this microorganism were used to capture D. vulgaris cells in both bioreactor grown laboratory samples and from extremely low-biomass environmental soil and subsurface drilling samples. Initial studies on detection, recovery efficiency and viability for IMS were performed with laboratory grown D. vulgaris cells using various cell densities. Efficiency of cell isolation and recovery (i.e., release of the microbial cells from the beads following separation) was followed by microscopic imaging and acridine orange direct counts (AODC). Excellent recovery efficiency encouraged the use of IMS to capture Desulfovibrio spp. cells from low-biomass environmental samples. The environmental samples were obtained from a radionuclide-contaminated site in Germany and the chromium (VI)-contaminated Hanford site, an ongoing bioremediation project of the U.S. Department of Energy. Field deployable IMS technology may greatly facilitate environmental sampling and bioremediation process monitoring and enable transcriptomics and proteomics/metabolomics-based studies directly on cells collected from the field. JF - Journal of Microbiological Methods AU - Chakraborty, Romy AU - Hazen, Terry C AU - Joyner, Dominique C AU - Kuesel, Kirsten AU - Singer, Mary E AU - Sitte, Jana AU - Torok, Tamas AD - Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley CA, United States, tchazen@lbl.gov Y1 - 2011/08// PY - 2011 DA - Aug 2011 SP - 204 EP - 209 PB - Elsevier B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 86 IS - 2 SN - 0167-7012, 0167-7012 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Acridine orange KW - Bioremediation KW - Chromium KW - Cell density KW - immunomagnetic separation KW - Drilling KW - Desulfovibrio vulgaris KW - imaging KW - Soil KW - Antibodies KW - surface antigens KW - Bioreactors KW - Energy KW - Desulfovibrio KW - Microorganisms KW - proteomics KW - Sampling KW - Biotin KW - A 01300:Methods KW - J 02300:Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/883016199?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Microbiological+Methods&rft.atitle=Use+of+immunomagnetic+separation+for+the+detection+of+Desulfovibrio+vulgaris+from+environmental+samples&rft.au=Chakraborty%2C+Romy%3BHazen%2C+Terry+C%3BJoyner%2C+Dominique+C%3BKuesel%2C+Kirsten%3BSinger%2C+Mary+E%3BSitte%2C+Jana%3BTorok%2C+Tamas&rft.aulast=Chakraborty&rft.aufirst=Romy&rft.date=2011-08-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=204&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Microbiological+Methods&rft.issn=01677012&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.mimet.2011.05.005 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2013-09-09 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Acridine orange; Bioremediation; Chromium; immunomagnetic separation; Cell density; Drilling; imaging; Soil; Antibodies; surface antigens; Energy; Bioreactors; Microorganisms; Sampling; proteomics; Biotin; Desulfovibrio; Desulfovibrio vulgaris DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mimet.2011.05.005 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Meeting residential ventilation standards through dynamic control of ventilation systems AN - 876239882; 15004175 AB - Existing ventilation standards, including American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) Standard 62.2, specify continuous operation of a defined mechanical ventilation system to provide minimum ventilation, with time-based intermittent operation as an option. This requirement ignores several factors and concerns including: other equipment such as household exhaust fans that might incidentally provide ventilation, negative impacts of ventilation when outdoor pollutant levels are high, the importance of minimizing energy use particularly during times of peak electricity demand, and how the energy used to condition air as part of ventilation system operation changes with outdoor conditions. Dynamic control of ventilation systems can provide ventilation equivalent to or better than what is required by standards while minimizing energy costs and can also add value by shifting load during peak times and reducing intake of outdoor air contaminants. This article describes the logic that enables dynamic control of whole-house ventilation systems to meet the intent of ventilation standards and demonstrates the dynamic ventilation system control concept through simulations and field tests of the Residential Integrated Ventilation-Energy Controller (RIVEC). JF - Energy and Buildings AU - Sherman, Max H AU - Walker, Iain S AD - Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA, mhsherman@lbl.gov Y1 - 2011/08// PY - 2011 DA - Aug 2011 SP - 1904 EP - 1912 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 564 Lausanne 1 CH-1001 Switzerland VL - 43 IS - 8 SN - 0378-7788, 0378-7788 KW - Environment Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Air conditioning KW - Ventilation KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - ENA 01:Air Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/876239882?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Energy+and+Buildings&rft.atitle=Meeting+residential+ventilation+standards+through+dynamic+control+of+ventilation+systems&rft.au=Sherman%2C+Max+H%3BWalker%2C+Iain+S&rft.aulast=Sherman&rft.aufirst=Max&rft.date=2011-08-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1904&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Energy+and+Buildings&rft.issn=03787788&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.enbuild.2011.03.037 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-02-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ventilation DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2011.03.037 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Emissions scenarios, costs, and implementation considerations of REDD-plus programs AN - 1777152122; 15769670 AB - Greenhouse gas emissions from the forestry sector are estimated to be 8.4 GtCO2-eq./year or about 17% of the global emissions. We estimate that the cost for reducing deforestation is low in Africa and several times higher in Latin America and Southeast Asia. These cost estimates are sensitive to the uncertainties of how much unsustainable high-revenue logging occurs, little understood transaction and program implementation costs, and barriers to implementation including governance issues. Due to lack of capacity in the affected countries, achieving reduction or avoidance of carbon emissions will require extensive REDD-plus programs. Preliminary REDD-plus Readiness cost estimates and program descriptions for Indonesia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ghana, Guyana and Mexico show that roughly one-third of potential REDD-plus mitigation benefits might come from avoided deforestation and the rest from avoided forest degradation and other REDD-plus activities. JF - Environment and Development Economics AU - Sathaye, Jayant AU - Andrasko, Kenneth AU - Chan, Peter AD - MS 90-4000, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. Email: jasathaye@lbl.gov jasathaye@lbl.gov Y1 - 2011/08// PY - 2011 DA - August 2011 SP - 361 EP - 380 PB - Cambridge University Press, The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 2RU United Kingdom VL - 16 IS - 4 SN - 1355-770X, 1355-770X KW - Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); CSA / ASCE Civil Engineering Abstracts (CE) KW - Costs KW - Air pollution KW - Reduction KW - Carbon KW - Economics KW - Cost estimates KW - Forestry KW - Deforestation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1777152122?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environment+and+Development+Economics&rft.atitle=Emissions+scenarios%2C+costs%2C+and+implementation+considerations+of+REDD-plus+programs&rft.au=Sathaye%2C+Jayant%3BAndrasko%2C+Kenneth%3BChan%2C+Peter&rft.aulast=Sathaye&rft.aufirst=Jayant&rft.date=2011-08-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=361&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environment+and+Development+Economics&rft.issn=1355770X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1017%2FS1355770X11000052 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-03-01 N1 - Number of references - 3 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-18 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1355770X11000052 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Laser Ablation Molecular Isotopic Spectrometry: Parameter influence on boron isotope measurements AN - 1430858089; 15750393 AB - Laser Ablation Molecular Isotopic Spectrometry (LAMIS) was recently reported for optical isotopic analysis of condensed samples in ambient air and at ambient pressure. LAMIS utilizes molecular emissions which exhibit larger isotopic spectral shits than in atomic transitions. For boron monoxide 10BO and 11BO, the isotopic shifts extend from 114cm-1 (0.74nm) to 145-238cm-1 (5-8nm) at the B JF - Spectrochimica Acta Part B Atomic Spectroscopy AU - Mao, Xianglei AU - Bol'shakov, Alexander A AU - Perry, Dale L AU - Sorkhabi, Osman AU - Russo, Richard E Y1 - 2011/08// PY - 2011 DA - August 2011 SP - 604 EP - 609 PB - Elsevier B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 66 IS - 8 SN - 0584-8547, 0584-8547 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Optical isotopic measurement KW - Laser ablation plasma KW - Molecular emission spectra KW - LIBS KW - LAMIS of boron isotopes KW - Boron isotope KW - Boron isotopes KW - Spectroscopy KW - Boron KW - Lasers KW - Ablation KW - SW 5010:Network design KW - Q5 08502:Methods and instruments KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1430858089?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Spectrochimica+Acta+Part+B+Atomic+Spectroscopy&rft.atitle=Laser+Ablation+Molecular+Isotopic+Spectrometry%3A+Parameter+influence+on+boron+isotope+measurements&rft.au=Mao%2C+Xianglei%3BBol%27shakov%2C+Alexander+A%3BPerry%2C+Dale+L%3BSorkhabi%2C+Osman%3BRusso%2C+Richard+E&rft.aulast=Mao&rft.aufirst=Xianglei&rft.date=2011-08-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=604&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Spectrochimica+Acta+Part+B+Atomic+Spectroscopy&rft.issn=05848547&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.sab.2011.06.007 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-02-04 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Boron isotopes; Lasers; Boron; Ablation; Spectroscopy DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sab.2011.06.007 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterizing flexible and intrinsically unstructured biological macromolecules by SAS using the Porod-Debye law AN - 1017961520; 16691741 AB - Unstructured proteins, RNA or DNA components provide functionally important flexibility that is key to many macromolecular assemblies throughout cell biology. As objective, quantitative experimental measures of flexibility and disorder in solution are limited, small angle scattering (SAS), and in particular small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), provides a critical technology to assess macromolecular flexibility as well as shape and assembly. Here, we consider the Porod-Debye law as a powerful tool for detecting biopolymer flexibility in SAS experiments. We show that the Porod-Debye region fundamentally describes the nature of the scattering intensity decay by capturing the information needed for distinguishing between folded and flexible particles. Particularly for comparative SAS experiments, application of the law, as described here, can distinguish between discrete conformational changes and localized flexibility relevant to molecular recognition and interaction networks. This approach aids insightful analyses of fully and partly flexible macromolecules that is more robust and conclusive than traditional Kratky analyses. Furthermore, we demonstrate for prototypic SAXS data that the ability to calculate particle density by the Porod-Debye criteria, as shown here, provides an objective quality assurance parameter that may prove of general use for SAXS modeling and validation. ? 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 95: 559-571, 2011. JF - Biopolymers AU - Rambo, Robert P AU - Tainer, John A AD - Life Sciences Division, Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, jat@scripps.edu Y1 - 2011/08// PY - 2011 DA - Aug 2011 SP - 559 EP - 571 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 95 IS - 8 SN - 1097-0282, 1097-0282 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Macromolecules KW - Data processing KW - RNA KW - Quality control KW - Biopolymers KW - DNA KW - X-ray scattering KW - W 30935:Food Biotechnology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1017961520?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biopolymers&rft.atitle=Characterizing+flexible+and+intrinsically+unstructured+biological+macromolecules+by+SAS+using+the+Porod-Debye+law&rft.au=Rambo%2C+Robert+P%3BTainer%2C+John+A&rft.aulast=Rambo&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2011-08-01&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=559&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biopolymers&rft.issn=10970282&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fbip.21638 L2 - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/bip.21638/abstract LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-09 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Macromolecules; Data processing; RNA; Quality control; X-ray scattering; DNA; Biopolymers DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.21638 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Practical NGS Analysis: A Bioinformatician's Perspective T2 - 19th Annual International Conference on Intelligent Systems for Molecular Biology and 10th European Conference on Computational Biology (ISMB/ECCB 2011) AN - 1312985861; 6078200 JF - 19th Annual International Conference on Intelligent Systems for Molecular Biology and 10th European Conference on Computational Biology (ISMB/ECCB 2011) AU - Pratap, Abhishek Y1 - 2011/07/17/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Jul 17 KW - Molecular biology KW - Computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312985861?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=19th+Annual+International+Conference+on+Intelligent+Systems+for+Molecular+Biology+and+10th+European+Conference+on+Computational+Biology+%28ISMB%2FECCB+2011%29&rft.atitle=Practical+NGS+Analysis%3A+A+Bioinformatician%27s+Perspective&rft.au=Pratap%2C+Abhishek&rft.aulast=Pratap&rft.aufirst=Abhishek&rft.date=2011-07-17&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=19th+Annual+International+Conference+on+Intelligent+Systems+for+Molecular+Biology+and+10th+European+Conference+on+Computational+Biology+%28ISMB%2FECCB+2011%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.iscb.org/ismbeccb2011-program LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biosensors and their applications in microbial metabolic engineering AN - 904484085; 15208400 AB - Many metabolic pathways in microbial hosts have been created, modified and engineered to produce useful molecules. The titer and yield of a final compound is often limited by the inefficient use of cellular resources and imbalanced metabolism. Engineering sensory-regulation devices that regulate pathway gene expression in response to the environment and metabolic status of the cell have great potential to solve these problems, and enhance product titers and yields. This review will focus on recent developments in biosensor design, and their applications for controlling microbial behavior. JF - Trends in Microbiology AU - Zhang, Fuzhong AU - Keasling, Jay AD - Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis Street, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA, keasling@berkeley.edu PY - 2011 SP - 323 EP - 329 PB - Elsevier B.V., The Boulevard Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB United Kingdom VL - 19 IS - 7 SN - 0966-842X, 0966-842X KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Biosensors KW - Gene expression KW - Reviews KW - Metabolic pathways KW - metabolic engineering KW - W 30955:Biosensors KW - A 01300:Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/904484085?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Trends+in+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Biosensors+and+their+applications+in+microbial+metabolic+engineering&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Fuzhong%3BKeasling%2C+Jay&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=Fuzhong&rft.date=2011-07-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=323&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Trends+in+Microbiology&rft.issn=0966842X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.tim.2011.05.003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-01-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Gene expression; Biosensors; Reviews; Metabolic pathways; metabolic engineering DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2011.05.003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Constraining the reservoir model of an injected CO sub(2) plume with crosswell CASSM at the Frio-II brine pilot AN - 888117616; 15585200 AB - Crosswell CASSM (continuous active-source seismic monitoring) data was acquired as part of the Frio-II brine pilot CO sub(2) injection experiment. To gain insight into the CO sub(2) plume evolution, we have integrated the 3D multiphase flow modeling code TOUGH2 with seismic simulation codes via a petrophysical model that predicts seismic velocity for a given CO sub(2) saturation. Results of forward seismic modeling based on the CO sub(2) saturation distribution produced by an initial TOUGH2 model compare poorly with the CASSM data, indicating that the initial flow model did not capture the actual CO sub(2) plume dynamics. Updates to the TOUGH2 model required to better match the CASSM field data indicate vertical flow near the injection well, with increased horizontal plume growth occurring at the top of the reservoir sand. The CASSM continuous delay time data are ideal for constraining the modeled spatiotemporal evolution of the CO sub(2) plume and allow improvement in reservoir model and estimation of CO sub(2) plume properties. JF - International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control AU - Daley, Thomas M AU - Ajo-Franklin, Jonathan B AU - Doughty, Christine Y1 - 2011/07// PY - 2011 DA - Jul 2011 SP - 1022 EP - 1030 PB - Elsevier B.V., The Boulevard Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB United Kingdom VL - 5 IS - 4 SN - 1750-5836, 1750-5836 KW - Environment Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Carbon dioxide KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - ENA 20:Weather Modification & Geophysical Change UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/888117616?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Greenhouse+Gas+Control&rft.atitle=Constraining+the+reservoir+model+of+an+injected+CO+sub%282%29+plume+with+crosswell+CASSM+at+the+Frio-II+brine+pilot&rft.au=Daley%2C+Thomas+M%3BAjo-Franklin%2C+Jonathan+B%3BDoughty%2C+Christine&rft.aulast=Daley&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.date=2011-07-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1022&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Greenhouse+Gas+Control&rft.issn=17505836&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.ijggc.2011.03.002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-02-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Carbon dioxide DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2011.03.002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Brine flow up a well caused by pressure perturbation from geologic carbon sequestration: Static and dynamic evaluations AN - 888117609; 15585183 AB - Industrial-scale storage of CO sub(2) in saline sedimentary basins will cause zones of elevated pressure, larger than the CO sub(2) plume itself. If permeable conduits (e.g., leaking wells) exist between the injection reservoir and overlying shallow aquifers, brine could be pushed upwards along these conduits and mix with groundwater resources. This paper discusses the potential for such brine leakage to occur in temperature- and salinity-stratified systems. Using static mass-balance calculations as well as dynamic well flow simulations, we evaluate the minimum reservoir pressure that would generate continuous migration of brine up a leaking wellbore into a freshwater aquifer. Since the brine invading the well is denser than the initial fluid in the wellbore, continuous flow only occurs if the pressure perturbation in the reservoir is large enough to overcome the increased fluid column weight after full invasion of brine into the well. If the threshold pressure is exceeded, brine flow rates are dependent on various hydraulic (and other) properties, in particular the effective permeability of the wellbore and the magnitude of pressure increase. If brine flow occurs outside of the well casing, e.g., in a permeable fracture zone between the well cement and the formation, the fluid/solute transfer between the migrating fluid and the surrounding rock units can strongly retard brine flow. At the same time, the threshold pressure for continuous flow to occur decreases compared to a case with no fluid/solute transfer. JF - International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control AU - Birkholzer, Jens T AU - Nicot, Jean Philippe AU - Oldenburg, Curtis M AU - Zhou, Quanlin AU - Kraemer, Stephen AU - Bandilla, Karl Y1 - 2011/07// PY - 2011 DA - Jul 2011 SP - 850 EP - 861 PB - Elsevier B.V., The Boulevard Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB United Kingdom VL - 5 IS - 4 SN - 1750-5836, 1750-5836 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Aquifers KW - Reservoirs KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/888117609?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Greenhouse+Gas+Control&rft.atitle=Brine+flow+up+a+well+caused+by+pressure+perturbation+from+geologic+carbon+sequestration%3A+Static+and+dynamic+evaluations&rft.au=Birkholzer%2C+Jens+T%3BNicot%2C+Jean+Philippe%3BOldenburg%2C+Curtis+M%3BZhou%2C+Quanlin%3BKraemer%2C+Stephen%3BBandilla%2C+Karl&rft.aulast=Birkholzer&rft.aufirst=Jens&rft.date=2011-07-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=850&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Greenhouse+Gas+Control&rft.issn=17505836&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.ijggc.2011.01.003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-02-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Reservoirs DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2011.01.003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessing the risk for CO sub(2) transportation within CCS projects, CFD modelling AN - 888117601; 15585181 AB - Surface transportation of carbon dioxide will be a critical issue in the developing field of carbon capture and storage (CCS). A leak from a high-pressure transportation facility can result in damage to the environment and hazard to people, depending on the total amount of carbon dioxide released to the atmosphere and the concentrations achieved in the proximity of the leakage. Generic Risk Assessments for CO sub(2) transportation to date have relied on various assumptions about the behaviour of carbon dioxide after a severe pressure drop. In this study, simulations by two classes of atmospheric dispersion model (Gaussian and computational fluid dynamics, CFD) have been compared, taking representative input parameters concerning high-pressure CO sub(2) releases from the literature. The CFD model was used to simulate a high-speed release with specified velocities with the aim of evaluating the effect of initial gas dispersion on the downwind length reached by toxic concentrations of the pollutant. Results of this investigation depict a lowering of the Risk involved in the transportation of CO sub(2) by up to one order of magnitude, when modelling the same releases with a CFD tool, compared to the more widespread Gaussian models. The EU used results from Gaussian modelling for drawing up an Impact Assessment on the CO sub(2) transportation within CCS. In this paper, suggestions for future preparation of CCS Risk Assessments are presented. JF - International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control AU - Mazzoldi, Alberto AU - Hill, Tim AU - Colls, Jeremy J Y1 - 2011/07// PY - 2011 DA - Jul 2011 SP - 816 EP - 825 PB - Elsevier B.V., The Boulevard Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB United Kingdom VL - 5 IS - 4 SN - 1750-5836, 1750-5836 KW - Risk Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Carbon dioxide KW - R2 23020:Technological risks KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - ENA 01:Air Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/888117601?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Greenhouse+Gas+Control&rft.atitle=Assessing+the+risk+for+CO+sub%282%29+transportation+within+CCS+projects%2C+CFD+modelling&rft.au=Mazzoldi%2C+Alberto%3BHill%2C+Tim%3BColls%2C+Jeremy+J&rft.aulast=Mazzoldi&rft.aufirst=Alberto&rft.date=2011-07-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=816&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Greenhouse+Gas+Control&rft.issn=17505836&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.ijggc.2011.01.001 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-02-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Carbon dioxide DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2011.01.001 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of physico-chemical changes on enzymatic digestibility of ionic liquid and AFEX pretreated corn stover AN - 883048180; 15305354 AB - Ionic liquid (IL) and ammonia fiber expansion (AFEX) pretreatments were studied to develop the first direct side-by-side comparative assessment on their respective impacts on biomass structure, composition, process mass balance, and enzymatic saccharification efficiency. AFEX pretreatment completely preserves plant carbohydrates, whereas IL pretreatment extracts 76% of hemicellulose. In contrast to AFEX, the native crystal structure of the recovered corn stover from IL pretreatment was significantly disrupted. For both techniques, more than 70% of the theoretical sugar yield was attained after 48 h of hydrolysis using commercial enzyme cocktails. IL pretreatment requires less enzyme loading and a shorter hydrolysis time to reach 90% yields. Hemicellulase addition led to significant improvements in the yields of glucose and xylose for AFEX pretreated corn stover, but not for IL pretreated stover. These results provide new insights into the mechanisms of IL and AFEX pretreatment, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of each. JF - Bioresource Technology AU - Li, Chenlin AU - Cheng, Gang AU - Balan, Venkatesh AU - Kent, Michael S AU - Ong, Markus AU - Chundawat, Shishir PS AU - Sousa, Leonardo daCosta AU - Melnichenko, Yuri B AU - Dale, Bruce E AU - Simmons, Blake A AU - Singh, Seema AD - Deconstruction Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA Y1 - 2011/07// PY - 2011 DA - Jul 2011 SP - 6928 EP - 6936 PB - Elsevier B.V., The Boulevard Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB United Kingdom VL - 102 IS - 13 SN - 0960-8524, 0960-8524 KW - Environment Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Xylose KW - Glucose KW - corn KW - Crystal structure KW - Carbohydrates KW - Sugar KW - Ammonia KW - Physicochemical properties KW - Enzymes KW - Biomass KW - Hydrolysis KW - hemicellulose KW - Fibers KW - Digestibility KW - Plant extracts KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture KW - ENA 21:Wildlife UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/883048180?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bioresource+Technology&rft.atitle=Influence+of+physico-chemical+changes+on+enzymatic+digestibility+of+ionic+liquid+and+AFEX+pretreated+corn+stover&rft.au=Li%2C+Chenlin%3BCheng%2C+Gang%3BBalan%2C+Venkatesh%3BKent%2C+Michael+S%3BOng%2C+Markus%3BChundawat%2C+Shishir+PS%3BSousa%2C+Leonardo+daCosta%3BMelnichenko%2C+Yuri+B%3BDale%2C+Bruce+E%3BSimmons%2C+Blake+A%3BSingh%2C+Seema&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=Chenlin&rft.date=2011-07-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=13&rft.spage=6928&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bioresource+Technology&rft.issn=09608524&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.biortech.2011.04.005 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-03-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sugar; Xylose; Ammonia; Glucose; Enzymes; Biomass; Hydrolysis; hemicellulose; Fibers; Digestibility; Crystal structure; Carbohydrates; Plant extracts; Physicochemical properties; corn DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2011.04.005 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification and characterization of nanosized tripuhyite in soil near Sb mine tailings AN - 881452176; 2011-062966 AB - In soil near tailings from an antimony (Sb) mine, we found micro-grains coated with an antimony-rich layer. These grains were characterized in detail using multiple advanced analytical techniques such as micro-X-ray absorption near edge structure (mu -XANES), micro-extended X-ray absorption fine structure (mu -EXAFS), micro-X-ray diffraction (mu -XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). The EPMA showed that one soil grain (grain A) locally accumulated a large amount of Sb in the secondary phases (40-61 wt% Sb (sub 2) O (sub 5) ) with significant Fe (20-28 wt% Fe (sub 2) O (sub 3) ). The spatial distribution of Sb in the grain was similar to that of iron. Both Fe mu -XANES and mu -XRD of the Sb hot spots in grain A consistently showed that the secondary products were dominantly composed of ferric antimonate, tripuhyite (FeSbO (sub 4) ). Fits to the Sb K-edge mu -EXAFS of this phase showed second-neighbor coordination numbers approximately 30% smaller than in bulk tripuhyite, indicating that the tripuhyite included in grain A is nanoparticulate and/or has a high structural disorder. The TEM analysis suggests that the particle size of tripuhyite in grain A was around 10 nm, which is consistent with the size range indicated by mu -XRD and mu -EXAFS. This is the first report showing tripuhyite with nanocrystallinity in natural soil to date. JF - American Mineralogist AU - Mitsunobu, Satoshi AU - Takahashi, Yoshio AU - Utsunomiya, Satoshi AU - Marcus, Matthew A AU - Terada, Yasuko AU - Iwamura, Takeru AU - Sakata, Masahiro Y1 - 2011/07// PY - 2011 DA - July 2011 SP - 1171 EP - 1181 PB - Mineralogical Society of America, Washington, DC VL - 96 IS - 7 SN - 0003-004X, 0003-004X KW - Far East KW - X-ray diffraction data KW - antimony ores KW - electron probe data KW - spectra KW - Ichinokawa Mine KW - Asia KW - soils KW - mines KW - high-resolution methods KW - antimony KW - mine waste KW - tripuhyite KW - XAFS spectra KW - X-ray spectra KW - TEM data KW - Ehime Japan KW - antimonates KW - metals KW - identification KW - metal ores KW - EXAFS data KW - tailings KW - nanoparticles KW - Japan KW - Shikoku KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments KW - 01C:Mineralogy of non-silicates UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/881452176?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Mineralogist&rft.atitle=Identification+and+characterization+of+nanosized+tripuhyite+in+soil+near+Sb+mine+tailings&rft.au=Mitsunobu%2C+Satoshi%3BTakahashi%2C+Yoshio%3BUtsunomiya%2C+Satoshi%3BMarcus%2C+Matthew+A%3BTerada%2C+Yasuko%3BIwamura%2C+Takeru%3BSakata%2C+Masahiro&rft.aulast=Mitsunobu&rft.aufirst=Satoshi&rft.date=2011-07-01&rft.volume=96&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1171&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Mineralogist&rft.issn=0003004X&rft_id=info:doi/10.2138%2Fam.2011.3651 L2 - http://ammin.geoscienceworld.org/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Abstract, copyright, Mineralogical Society of America | Reference includes data from GeoScienceWorld, Alexandria, VA, United States N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 52 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 4 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - AMMIAY N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - antimonates; antimony; antimony ores; Asia; Ehime Japan; electron probe data; EXAFS data; Far East; high-resolution methods; Ichinokawa Mine; identification; Japan; metal ores; metals; mine waste; mines; nanoparticles; Shikoku; soils; spectra; tailings; TEM data; tripuhyite; X-ray diffraction data; X-ray spectra; XAFS spectra DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/am.2011.3651 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Solving iTOUGH2 simulation and optimization problems using the PEST protocol AN - 869571916; 14630381 AB - The PEST protocol has been implemented into the iTOUGH2 code, allowing the user to link any simulation program (with ASCII-based inputs and outputs) to iTOUGH2as sensitivity analysis, inverse modeling, and uncertainty quantification capabilities. These application models can be pre- or post-processors of the TOUGH2 non-isothermal multiphase flow and transport simulator, or programs that are unrelated to the TOUGH suite of codes. PEST-style template and instruction files are used, respectively, to pass input parameters updated by the iTOUGH2 optimization routines to the model, and to retrieve the model-calculated values that correspond to observable variables. We summarize the iTOUGH2 capabilities and demonstrate the flexibility added by the PEST protocol for the solution of a variety of simulationaoptimization problems. In particular, the combination of loosely coupled and tightly integrated simulation and optimization routines provides both the flexibility and control needed to solve challenging inversion problems for the analysis of multiphase subsurface flow and transport systems. JF - Environmental Modelling & Software AU - Finsterle, Stefan AU - Zhang, Yingqi AD - Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Earth Sciences Division, 1 Cyclotron Road, MS 90-1116, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA, safinsterle@lbl.gov Y1 - 2011/07// PY - 2011 DA - Jul 2011 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 800 Kidlington Oxford OX5 1DX UK VL - 26 IS - 7 SN - 1364-8152, 1364-8152 KW - Environment Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Optimization KW - Sensitivity analysis KW - Inverse modeling KW - Uncertainty quantification KW - iTOUGH2 KW - PEST KW - Simulators KW - Simulation Analysis KW - Flexibility KW - Simulation KW - Multiphase flow KW - Templates KW - Multiphase Flow KW - Inversions KW - Model Studies KW - Sensitivity Analysis KW - Computer programs KW - pests KW - Inversion KW - sensitivity analysis KW - Storm Seepage KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - SW 0540:Properties of water KW - Q1 08485:Species interactions: pests and control KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/869571916?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Modelling+%26+Software&rft.atitle=Solving+iTOUGH2+simulation+and+optimization+problems+using+the+PEST+protocol&rft.au=Finsterle%2C+Stefan%3BZhang%2C+Yingqi&rft.aulast=Finsterle&rft.aufirst=Stefan&rft.date=2011-07-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Modelling+%26+Software&rft.issn=13648152&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.envsoft.2011.02.008 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Simulators; Multiphase flow; Templates; Inversions; Computer programs; pests; Inversion; sensitivity analysis; Simulation; Sensitivity Analysis; Simulation Analysis; Flexibility; Storm Seepage; Multiphase Flow; Optimization; Model Studies DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2011.02.008 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Metamorphic indicators in Stardust AN - 1535204836; 2014-040068 JF - Meteoritics & Planetary Science AU - Gainsforth, Z AU - Butterworth, A L AU - Brownlee, D E AU - Huss, G R AU - Joswiak, D AU - Nagashima, K AU - Ogliore, R C AU - Tyliczszak, T AU - Westphal, A J AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/07// PY - 2011 DA - July 2011 SP - 1 PB - Meteoritical Society, Fayetteville, AR VL - 46, SUPPL. SN - 1086-9379, 1086-9379 KW - silicates KW - magnesium KW - geologic thermometry KW - thermal alteration KW - olivine group KW - thermal history KW - iron KW - temperature KW - partitioning KW - transport KW - olivine KW - orthosilicates KW - cooling KW - Wild 2 Comet KW - oxides KW - mineral assemblages KW - alkaline earth metals KW - Stardust Mission KW - parent bodies KW - chromite KW - thermal metamorphism KW - indicators KW - metamorphism KW - nesosilicates KW - comets KW - metals KW - low-grade metamorphism KW - cometary dust KW - 04:Extraterrestrial geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1535204836?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Meteoritics+%26+Planetary+Science&rft.atitle=Metamorphic+indicators+in+Stardust&rft.au=Gainsforth%2C+Z%3BButterworth%2C+A+L%3BBrownlee%2C+D+E%3BHuss%2C+G+R%3BJoswiak%2C+D%3BNagashima%2C+K%3BOgliore%2C+R+C%3BTyliczszak%2C+T%3BWestphal%2C+A+J%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Gainsforth&rft.aufirst=Z&rft.date=2011-07-01&rft.volume=46%2C+SUPPL.&rft.issue=&rft.spage=A72&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Meteoritics+%26+Planetary+Science&rft.issn=10869379&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1945-5100.2011.01241.x L2 - http://cavern.uark.edu/~meteor/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 75th annual meeting of the Meteoritical Society N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2014, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2014-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 6 N1 - PubXState - AR N1 - Last updated - 2014-06-13 N1 - CODEN - MERTAW N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - alkaline earth metals; chromite; cometary dust; comets; cooling; geologic thermometry; indicators; iron; low-grade metamorphism; magnesium; metals; metamorphism; mineral assemblages; nesosilicates; olivine; olivine group; orthosilicates; oxides; parent bodies; partitioning; silicates; Stardust Mission; temperature; thermal alteration; thermal history; thermal metamorphism; transport; Wild 2 Comet DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1945-5100.2011.01241.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Organic analysis of xenolithic clasts in meteorites AN - 1535204782; 2014-040165 JF - Meteoritics & Planetary Science AU - Kebukawa, Y AU - Zolensky, M E AU - Fries, M D AU - Steele, A AU - Kilcoyne, A L D AU - Cody, G D AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/07// PY - 2011 DA - July 2011 SP - 1 PB - Meteoritical Society, Fayetteville, AR VL - 46, SUPPL. SN - 1086-9379, 1086-9379 KW - ordinary chondrites KW - stony meteorites KW - Kuiper Belt KW - infrared spectra KW - Cold Bokkeveld Meteorite KW - XANES spectra KW - meteorites KW - FTIR spectra KW - howardite KW - inclusions KW - Sharps Meteorite KW - spectra KW - chondrites KW - Kapoeta Meteorite KW - xenoliths KW - Zag Meteorite KW - parent bodies KW - thermal metamorphism KW - H chondrites KW - carbonaceous chondrites KW - metamorphism KW - achondrites KW - X-ray spectra KW - organic compounds KW - petrography KW - CM chondrites KW - 05B:Petrology of meteorites and tektites UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1535204782?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Meteoritics+%26+Planetary+Science&rft.atitle=Organic+analysis+of+xenolithic+clasts+in+meteorites&rft.au=Kebukawa%2C+Y%3BZolensky%2C+M+E%3BFries%2C+M+D%3BSteele%2C+A%3BKilcoyne%2C+A+L+D%3BCody%2C+G+D%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Kebukawa&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=2011-07-01&rft.volume=46%2C+SUPPL.&rft.issue=&rft.spage=A121&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Meteoritics+%26+Planetary+Science&rft.issn=10869379&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1945-5100.2011.01241.x L2 - http://cavern.uark.edu/~meteor/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 74th annual meeting of the Meteoritical Society N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2014, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2014-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 4 N1 - PubXState - AR N1 - Last updated - 2014-06-13 N1 - CODEN - MERTAW N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - achondrites; carbonaceous chondrites; chondrites; CM chondrites; Cold Bokkeveld Meteorite; FTIR spectra; H chondrites; howardite; inclusions; infrared spectra; Kapoeta Meteorite; Kuiper Belt; metamorphism; meteorites; ordinary chondrites; organic compounds; parent bodies; petrography; Sharps Meteorite; spectra; stony meteorites; thermal metamorphism; X-ray spectra; XANES spectra; xenoliths; Zag Meteorite DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1945-5100.2011.01241.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Correlated nucleosynthetic isotope variability in Cr, Sr, Ba, Sm, Nd, and Hf in Murchison and QUE 97008 AN - 1535202524; 2014-040414 JF - Meteoritics & Planetary Science AU - Qin, L AU - Carlson, R W AU - Alexander, C M O AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/07// PY - 2011 DA - July 2011 SP - 1 PB - Meteoritical Society, Fayetteville, AR VL - 46, SUPPL. SN - 1086-9379, 1086-9379 KW - stony meteorites KW - isotopes KW - thermal ionization mass spectra KW - mass spectra KW - Murchison Meteorite KW - meteorites KW - hafnium KW - barium KW - insoluble residues KW - spectra KW - samarium KW - rare earths KW - chondrites KW - chromium KW - alkaline earth metals KW - anomalies KW - QUE 97008 KW - nucleosynthesis KW - carbonaceous chondrites KW - ICP mass spectra KW - metals KW - Queen Alexandra Range Meteorites KW - CM chondrites KW - neodymium KW - strontium KW - 05B:Petrology of meteorites and tektites UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1535202524?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Meteoritics+%26+Planetary+Science&rft.atitle=Correlated+nucleosynthetic+isotope+variability+in+Cr%2C+Sr%2C+Ba%2C+Sm%2C+Nd%2C+and+Hf+in+Murchison+and+QUE+97008&rft.au=Qin%2C+L%3BCarlson%2C+R+W%3BAlexander%2C+C+M+O%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Qin&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2011-07-01&rft.volume=46%2C+SUPPL.&rft.issue=&rft.spage=A194&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Meteoritics+%26+Planetary+Science&rft.issn=10869379&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1945-5100.2011.01241.x L2 - http://cavern.uark.edu/~meteor/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 74th annual meeting of the Meteoritical Society N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2014, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2014-01-01 N1 - PubXState - AR N1 - Last updated - 2014-06-13 N1 - CODEN - MERTAW N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - alkaline earth metals; anomalies; barium; carbonaceous chondrites; chondrites; chromium; CM chondrites; hafnium; ICP mass spectra; insoluble residues; isotopes; mass spectra; metals; meteorites; Murchison Meteorite; neodymium; nucleosynthesis; QUE 97008; Queen Alexandra Range Meteorites; rare earths; samarium; spectra; stony meteorites; strontium; thermal ionization mass spectra DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1945-5100.2011.01241.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measurement of c-axis angular orientation in calcite (CaCO (sub 3) ) nanocrystals using X-ray absorption spectroscopy AN - 1553087589; 2014-063052 AB - We demonstrate that the ability to manipulate the polarization of synchrotron radiation can be exploited to enhance the capabilities of X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy, to include linear dichroism effects. By acquiring spectra at the same photon energies but different polarizations, and using a photoelectron emission spectromicroscope (PEEM), one can quantitatively determine the angular orientation of micro- and nanocrystals with a spatial resolution down to 10 nm. XANES-PEEM instruments are already present at most synchrotrons, hence these methods are readily available. The methods are demonstrated here on geologic calcite (CaCO3) and used to investigate the prismatic layer of a mollusk shell, Pinctada fucata. These XANES-PEEM data reveal multiply oriented nanocrystals within calcite prisms, previously thought to be monocrystalline. The subdivision into multiply oriented nanocrystals, spread by more than 50 degrees , may explain the excellent mechanical properties of the prismatic layer, known for decades but never explained. JF - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America AU - Gilbert, P U P A AU - Young, Anthony AU - Coppersmith, Susan N Y1 - 2011/06/27/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Jun 27 SP - 11350 EP - 11355 PB - National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC VL - 108 IS - 28 SN - 0027-8424, 0027-8424 KW - optical spectra KW - crystal structure KW - X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy KW - XANES spectra KW - nanocrystals KW - X-ray photoelectron emission spectroscopy KW - Pinctada fucata KW - Invertebrata KW - spectra KW - Pteriidae KW - Mollusca KW - mesocrystals KW - biomineralization KW - shells KW - equations KW - X-ray spectra KW - Pinctada KW - measurement KW - calcite KW - Bivalvia KW - angular orientation KW - XANES KW - X-ray spectroscopy KW - crystallization KW - optical spectroscopy KW - spectroscopy KW - carbonates KW - 01C:Mineralogy of non-silicates UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1553087589?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+of+the+United+States+of+America&rft.atitle=Measurement+of+c-axis+angular+orientation+in+calcite+%28CaCO+%28sub+3%29+%29+nanocrystals+using+X-ray+absorption+spectroscopy&rft.au=Gilbert%2C+P+U+P+A%3BYoung%2C+Anthony%3BCoppersmith%2C+Susan+N&rft.aulast=Gilbert&rft.aufirst=P+U+P&rft.date=2011-06-27&rft.volume=108&rft.issue=28&rft.spage=11350&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+of+the+United+States+of+America&rft.issn=00278424&rft_id=info:doi/10.1073%2Fpnas.1107917108 L2 - http://www.pnas.org/content/by/year LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2014, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2014-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 40 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2014-08-14 N1 - CODEN - PNASA6 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - angular orientation; biomineralization; Bivalvia; calcite; carbonates; crystal structure; crystallization; equations; Invertebrata; measurement; mesocrystals; Mollusca; nanocrystals; optical spectra; optical spectroscopy; Pinctada; Pinctada fucata; Pteriidae; shells; spectra; spectroscopy; X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy; X-ray photoelectron emission spectroscopy; X-ray spectra; X-ray spectroscopy; XANES; XANES spectra DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1107917108 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Low dose radiation response curves, networks and pathways in human lymphoblastoid cells exposed from 1 to 10cGy of acute gamma radiation AN - 899141188; 15160936 AB - We investigated the low dose dependency of the transcriptional response of human cells to characterize the shape and biological functions associated with the dose-response curve and to identify common and conserved functions of low dose expressed genes across cells and tissues. Human lymphoblastoid (HL) cells from two unrelated individuals were exposed to graded doses of radiation spanning the range of 1-10cGy were analyzed by transcriptome profiling, qPCR and bioinformatics, in comparison to sham irradiated samples. A set of a arrow right 480 genes showed consistent responses in both cell lines; these genes were associated with homeostasis mechanisms (e.g., membrane signaling, molecule transport), subcellular locations (e.g., Golgi, and endoplasmic reticulum), and involved diverse signal transduction pathways. The majority of radiation-modulated genes had plateau-like responses across 1-10cGy, some with suggestive evidence that transcription was modulated at doses below 1cGy. MYC, FOS and TP53 were the major network nodes of the low-dose-response in HL cells. Comparison our low dose expression findings in HL cells with those of prior studies in mouse brain after whole body exposure, in human keratinocyte cultures, and in endothelial cells cultures, indicates that certain components of the low dose radiation response are broadly conserved across cell types and tissues, independent of proliferation status. JF - Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis AU - Wyrobek, A J AU - Manohar, C F AU - Krishnan, V V AU - Nelson, DO AU - Furtado, M R AU - Bhattacharya AU - Marchetti, F AU - Coleman, MA AD - Biosciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, United States, ajwyrobek@lbl.gov Y1 - 2011/06/17/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Jun 17 SP - 119 EP - 130 PB - Elsevier B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 722 IS - 2 SN - 1383-5718, 1383-5718 KW - Genetics Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Golgi apparatus KW - Brain KW - Transcription KW - Cell culture KW - Homeostasis KW - p53 protein KW - Fos protein KW - Mutagenesis KW - Myc protein KW - Endothelial cells KW - Gene expression KW - Endoplasmic reticulum KW - Dose dependency KW - gamma Radiation KW - Bioinformatics KW - Keratinocytes KW - Cell proliferation KW - Nodes KW - Signal transduction KW - X 24390:Radioactive Materials KW - G 07710:Chemical Mutagenesis & Radiation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/899141188?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+Research%2FGenetic+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Low+dose+radiation+response+curves%2C+networks+and+pathways+in+human+lymphoblastoid+cells+exposed+from+1+to+10cGy+of+acute+gamma+radiation&rft.au=Wyrobek%2C+A+J%3BManohar%2C+C+F%3BKrishnan%2C+V+V%3BNelson%2C+DO%3BFurtado%2C+M+R%3BBhattacharya%3BMarchetti%2C+F%3BColeman%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Wyrobek&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2011-06-17&rft.volume=722&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=119&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+Research%2FGenetic+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Mutagenesis&rft.issn=13835718&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.mrgentox.2011.03.002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-03-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Golgi apparatus; Brain; Transcription; Cell culture; Homeostasis; Mutagenesis; Fos protein; p53 protein; Gene expression; Endothelial cells; Myc protein; Dose dependency; Endoplasmic reticulum; gamma Radiation; Keratinocytes; Bioinformatics; Nodes; Cell proliferation; Signal transduction DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mrgentox.2011.03.002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Uncertainty reduction of hydrologic models using data from surface-based investigation AN - 876231908; 14893925 AB - Geohydrologic model uncertainties include permeability, boundary, and initial conditions as well as the conceptual model it is based on. We present some examples of using information other than pressure data to constrain a geohydrologic model of the Horonobe area in Hokkaido, Japan. The initial model was constructed using information from surface geology and a few boreholes. Inversion analysis of pressure data implied the existence of a low-permeability cap rock. We then used river flow data and temperature data from a hot spring as a basis for estimating the recharge flux, which suggested that the overall permeability of the modeled area could be one order of magnitude larger than that of the base model. Next, we simulated a saltwater washout process and compared the simulated salinity distribution with the salinity data from a borehole. We found that a better match to the salinity data is obtained if the increase in permeability is taken up by a localized fault zone rather than uniformly by the entire model. A smaller-scale match to the temperature, pressure, and density profiles from two boreholes indicated that there was a low-permeability fault in between the two boreholes. The present study demonstrates that pressure data alone are insufficient to calibrate a model, and that additional observations are needed to accurately represent a site. JF - Journal of Hydrology (Amsterdam) AU - Karasaki, Kenzi AU - Ito, Kazumasa AU - Wu, Yu-Shu AU - Shimo, Michito AU - Sawada, Atsushi AU - Maekawa, Keisuke AU - Hatanaka, Koichiro AD - Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States, kkarasaki@lbl.giv Y1 - 2011/06/06/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Jun 06 SP - 49 EP - 57 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 403 IS - 1-2 SN - 0022-1694, 0022-1694 KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Environment Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Hot springs KW - Freshwater KW - Boreholes KW - Permeability KW - Salinity KW - Hydrologic Models KW - Washout KW - Hydrology KW - River Flow KW - Geology KW - Density profiles KW - Pressure data KW - Initial conditions KW - Japan, Hokkaido KW - Salinity distribution KW - Temperature data KW - Hydrologic models KW - Recharge KW - Geologic Fractures KW - River flow KW - Estimating KW - Temperature KW - River discharge KW - Inversions KW - Salinity data KW - boreholes KW - Inversion KW - Fault zones KW - Cap rocks KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - Q2 09270:Seismology KW - SW 0835:Streamflow and runoff KW - ENA 12:Oceans & Estuaries KW - M2 556.1:Hydrologic Cycle (556.1) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/876231908?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.atitle=Uncertainty+reduction+of+hydrologic+models+using+data+from+surface-based+investigation&rft.au=Karasaki%2C+Kenzi%3BIto%2C+Kazumasa%3BWu%2C+Yu-Shu%3BShimo%2C+Michito%3BSawada%2C+Atsushi%3BMaekawa%2C+Keisuke%3BHatanaka%2C+Koichiro&rft.aulast=Karasaki&rft.aufirst=Kenzi&rft.date=2011-06-06&rft.volume=403&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=49&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.issn=00221694&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jhydrol.2011.03.039 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salinity data; Permeability; Fault zones; River discharge; Hydrology; Density profiles; Cap rocks; Boreholes; Inversions; River flow; Washout; Initial conditions; Pressure data; Salinity distribution; Temperature data; Hydrologic models; Salinity; boreholes; Inversion; Temperature; Hot springs; Geology; Recharge; Geologic Fractures; Hydrologic Models; Estimating; River Flow; Japan, Hokkaido; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.03.039 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Stability, accuracy, and efficiency of sequential methods for coupled flow and geomechanics AN - 904459020; 2011-099299 AB - We perform detailed stability and convergence analyses of sequential-implicit solution methods for coupled fluid flow and reservoir geomechanics. We analyze four different sequential-implicit solution strategies, where each subproblem (flow and mechanics) is solved implicitly: two schemes in which the mechanical problem is solved first--namely, the drained and undrained splits--and two schemes in which the flow problem is solved first--namely, the fixed-strain and fixed-stress splits. The von Neumann method is used to obtain the linear-stability criteria of the four sequential schemes, and numerical simulations are used to test the validity and sharpness of these criteria for representative problems. The analysis indicates that the drained and fixed-strain splits, which are commonly used, are conditionally stable and that the stability limits depend only on the strength of coupling between flow and mechanics and are independent of the timestep size. Therefore, the drained and fixed-strain schemes cannot be used when the coupling between flow and mechanics is strong. Moreover, numerical solutions obtained using the drained and fixed-strain sequential schemes suffer from oscillations, even when the stability limit is honored. For problems where the deformation may be plastic (nonlinear) in nature, the drained and fixed-strain sequential schemes become unstable when the system enters the plastic regime. On the other hand, the undrained and fixed-stress sequential schemes are unconditionally stable regardless of the coupling strength, and they do not suffer from oscillations. While both the undrained and fixed-stress schemes are unconditionally stable, for the cases investigated we found that the fixed-stress split converges more rapidly than the undrained split. On the basis of these findings, we strongly recommend the fixed-stress sequential-implicit method for modeling coupled flow and geomechanics in reservoirs. JF - SPE Journal AU - Kim, J AU - Tchelepi, H A AU - Juanes, R Y1 - 2011/06// PY - 2011 DA - June 2011 SP - 249 EP - 262 PB - Society of Petroleum Engineers, Richardson, TX VL - 16 IS - 2 SN - 1086-055X, 1086-055X KW - methods KW - failures KW - petroleum engineering KW - elasticity KW - iterative methods KW - von Neumann method KW - poroelasticity KW - stress KW - oil sands KW - heavy oil KW - mathematical models KW - equations KW - deformation KW - two-dimensional models KW - compaction KW - oil wells KW - sedimentary rocks KW - discretization KW - reservoir properties KW - plasticity KW - accuracy KW - permeability KW - 29A:Economic geology, geology of energy sources UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/904459020?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SPE+Journal&rft.atitle=Stability%2C+accuracy%2C+and+efficiency+of+sequential+methods+for+coupled+flow+and+geomechanics&rft.au=Kim%2C+J%3BTchelepi%2C+H+A%3BJuanes%2C+R&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2011-06-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=249&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=SPE+Journal&rft.issn=1086055X&rft_id=info:doi/10.2118%2F119084-PA L2 - http://www.spe.org/papers/pubs/SPEjournal.php LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 51 N1 - PubXState - TX N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables N1 - SuppNotes - SPE 119084 presented at SPE Reservoir simulation symposium, The Woodlands, TX, Feb. 2-4, 2009 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - accuracy; compaction; deformation; discretization; elasticity; equations; failures; heavy oil; iterative methods; mathematical models; methods; oil sands; oil wells; permeability; petroleum engineering; plasticity; poroelasticity; reservoir properties; sedimentary rocks; stress; two-dimensional models; von Neumann method DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/119084-PA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Composition, stability, and measurement of reduced uranium phases for ground water bioremediation at Old Rifle, CO AN - 886909229; 2011-075012 AB - Reductive biostimulation is currently being explored as a possible remediation strategy for U-contaminated groundwater, and is being investigated at a field site in Rifle, CO, USA. The long-term stability of the resulting U(IV) phases is a key component of the overall performance of the remediation approach and depends upon a variety of factors, including rate and mechanism of reduction, mineral associations in the subsurface, and propensity for oxidation. To address these factors, several approaches were used to evaluate the redox sensitivity of U: (1) measurement of the rate of oxidative dissolution of biogenic uraninite (UO (sub 2(s)) ) deployed in groundwater at Rifle, (2) characterization of a zone of natural bioreduction exhibiting relevant reduced mineral phases, and (3) laboratory studies of the oxidative capacity of Fe(III) and reductive capacity of Fe(II) with regard to U(IV) and U(VI), respectively. JF - Applied Geochemistry AU - Campbell, K M AU - Davis, J A AU - Bargar, J AU - Giammar, D AU - Bernier-Latmani, R AU - Kukkadapu, R AU - Williams, K H AU - Veramani, H AU - Ulrich, K U AU - Stubbs, J AU - Yabusaki, S AU - Figueroa, L AU - Lesher, E AU - Wilkins, M J AU - Peacock, A AU - Long, P E A2 - Anderson, Suzanne P. A2 - Gislason, Sigurdur Reynir Y1 - 2011/06// PY - 2011 DA - June 2011 SP - S167 EP - S169 PB - Elsevier, Oxford-New York-Beijing VL - 26 IS - Suppl. SN - 0883-2927, 0883-2927 KW - United States KW - Old Rifle KW - Garfield County Colorado KW - biomass KW - environmental analysis KW - remediation KW - ground water KW - Rifle Colorado KW - phase equilibria KW - oxides KW - reduction KW - water pollution KW - kinetics KW - geochemistry KW - pH KW - Eh KW - pollutants KW - pollution KW - bioremediation KW - hydrochemistry KW - metals KW - uranium KW - Colorado KW - uraninite KW - nanoparticles KW - actinides KW - 02B:Hydrochemistry KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/886909229?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Geochemistry&rft.atitle=Composition%2C+stability%2C+and+measurement+of+reduced+uranium+phases+for+ground+water+bioremediation+at+Old+Rifle%2C+CO&rft.au=Campbell%2C+K+M%3BDavis%2C+J+A%3BBargar%2C+J%3BGiammar%2C+D%3BBernier-Latmani%2C+R%3BKukkadapu%2C+R%3BWilliams%2C+K+H%3BVeramani%2C+H%3BUlrich%2C+K+U%3BStubbs%2C+J%3BYabusaki%2C+S%3BFigueroa%2C+L%3BLesher%2C+E%3BWilkins%2C+M+J%3BPeacock%2C+A%3BLong%2C+P+E&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2011-06-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=Suppl.&rft.spage=S167&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Geochemistry&rft.issn=08832927&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.apgeochem.2011.03.094 L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/08832927 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Ninth international symposium on the Geochemistry of the Earth's surface N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from CAPCAS, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 11 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - actinides; biomass; bioremediation; Colorado; Eh; environmental analysis; Garfield County Colorado; geochemistry; ground water; hydrochemistry; kinetics; metals; nanoparticles; Old Rifle; oxides; pH; phase equilibria; pollutants; pollution; reduction; remediation; Rifle Colorado; United States; uraninite; uranium; water pollution DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.03.094 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modified Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation (GLUE) Methodology for Considering the Subjectivity of Likelihood Measure Selection AN - 883034026; 15357762 AB - The generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation (GLUE) methodology has been widely used in many areas as an effective and general strategy for model calibration and uncertainty estimation associated with complex models. The application of GLUE requires a formal definition of a likelihood measure. However, it has been recognized that the choice of a likelihood measure is inherently subjective. This, in turn, introduces a new kind of uncertainty-the uncertainty owing to the lack of knowledge in choosing the true likelihood measure in the GLUE methodology. This study proposes a practical framework to address this uncertainty by using multiple likelihood measures, analogous to considering multiple expert opinions. The final uncertainty probability estimates are then obtained by combining the estimates from individual likelihood measures based on probability theory. JF - Journal of Hydrologic Engineering AU - Zhang, Yingqi AU - Liu, Hui-Hai AU - Houseworth, James AD - Research Scientist, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Earth Sciences Division (ESD), MS 90R1116, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720-8126, yqzhang@lbl.gov Y1 - 2011/06// PY - 2011 DA - June 2011 SP - 558 EP - 561 PB - American Society of Civil Engineers, 345 E. 47th St. New York NY 10017-2398 United States VL - 16 IS - 6 SN - 1943-5584, 1943-5584 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - Uncertainty principles KW - Decision making KW - Estimation KW - Hydrology KW - Engineering KW - Calibrations KW - Probability theory KW - Modelling KW - Methodology KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - Q2 09282:Materials technology, corrosion, fouling and boring KW - SW 0810:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/883034026?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrologic+Engineering&rft.atitle=Modified+Generalized+Likelihood+Uncertainty+Estimation+%28GLUE%29+Methodology+for+Considering+the+Subjectivity+of+Likelihood+Measure+Selection&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Yingqi%3BLiu%2C+Hui-Hai%3BHouseworth%2C+James&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=Yingqi&rft.date=2011-06-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=558&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrologic+Engineering&rft.issn=19435584&rft_id=info:doi/10.1061%2F%28ASCE%29HE.1943-5584.0000341 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Probability theory; Methodology; Modelling; Engineering; Calibrations DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000341 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of liquid structure on diffusive isotope separation in molten silicates and aqueous solutions AN - 881449889; 2011-064391 AB - Molecular diffusion in natural volcanic liquids discriminates between isotopes of major ions (e.g., Fe, Mg, Ca, and Li). Although isotope separation by diffusion is expected on theoretical grounds, the dependence on mass is highly variable for different elements and in different media. Silicate liquid diffusion experiments using simple liquid compositions were carried out to further probe the compositional dependence of diffusive isotopic discrimination and its relationship to liquid structure. Two diffusion couples consisting of the mineral constituents anorthite (CaAl (sub 2) Si (sub 2) O (sub 8) ; denoted AN), albite (NaAlSi (sub 3) O (sub 8) ; denoted AB), and diopside (CaMgSi (sub 2) O (sub 6) ; denoted DI) were held at 1450 degrees C for 2 h and then quenched to ambient pressure and temperature. Major-element as well as Ca and Mg isotope profiles were measured on the recovered quenched glasses. In both experiments, Ca diffuses rapidly with respect to Si. In the AB-AN experiment, D (sub Ca) /D (sub Si) nearly equal 20 and the efficiency of isotope separation for Ca is much greater than in natural liquid experiments where D (sub Ca) /D (sub Si) nearly equal 1. In the AB-DI experiment, D (sub Ca) /D (sub Si) nearly equal 6 and the efficiency of isotope separation is between that of the natural liquid experiments and the AB-AN experiment. In the AB-DI experiment, D (sub Mg) /D (sub Si) nearly equal 1 and the efficiency of isotope separation for Mg is smaller than it is for Ca yet similar to that observed for Mg in natural liquids. The results from the experiments reported here, in combination with results from natural volcanic liquids, show clearly that the efficiency of diffusive separation of Ca isotopes is systematically related to the solvent-normalized diffusivity - the ratio of the diffusivity of the cation (D (sub Ca) ) to the diffusivity of silicon (D (sub Si) ). The results on Ca isotopes are consistent with available data on Fe, Li, and Mg isotopes in silicate liquids, when considered in terms of the parameter D (sub cation) /D (sub Si) . Cations diffusing in aqueous solutions display a similar relationship between isotopic separation efficiency and D (sub cation) /D (sub H2O) , although the efficiencies are smaller than in silicate liquids. Our empirical relationship provides a tool for predicting the magnitude of diffusive isotopic effects in many geologic environments and a basis for a more comprehensive theory of isotope separation in liquid solutions. We present a conceptual model for the relationship between diffusivity and liquid structure that is consistent with available data. JF - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta AU - Watkins, James M AU - DePaolo, Donald J AU - Ryerson, Frederick J AU - Peterson, Brook T Y1 - 2011/06// PY - 2011 DA - June 2011 SP - 3103 EP - 3118 PB - Elsevier, New York, NY VL - 75 IS - 11 SN - 0016-7037, 0016-7037 KW - silicates KW - calcium KW - magnesium KW - isotopes KW - aqueous solutions KW - stable isotopes KW - melts KW - electron probe data KW - anorthite KW - pyroxene group KW - clinopyroxene KW - major elements KW - framework silicates KW - mineral assemblages KW - diopside KW - chemical composition KW - geochemistry KW - P-T conditions KW - diffusivity KW - chain silicates KW - liquid phase KW - alkaline earth metals KW - plagioclase KW - experimental studies KW - diffusion KW - isotope ratios KW - silicate melts KW - separation KW - hydrochemistry KW - models KW - Ca-44/Ca-40 KW - Mg-26/Mg-24 KW - metals KW - feldspar group KW - 01B:Mineralogy of silicates KW - 02D:Isotope geochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/881449889?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geochimica+et+Cosmochimica+Acta&rft.atitle=Influence+of+liquid+structure+on+diffusive+isotope+separation+in+molten+silicates+and+aqueous+solutions&rft.au=Watkins%2C+James+M%3BDePaolo%2C+Donald+J%3BRyerson%2C+Frederick+J%3BPeterson%2C+Brook+T&rft.aulast=Watkins&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=2011-06-01&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=3103&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geochimica+et+Cosmochimica+Acta&rft.issn=00167037&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.gca.2011.03.002 L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00167037 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from CAPCAS, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 66 N1 - PubXState - NY N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables N1 - SuppNotes - Includes appendices N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GCACAK N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - alkaline earth metals; anorthite; aqueous solutions; Ca-44/Ca-40; calcium; chain silicates; chemical composition; clinopyroxene; diffusion; diffusivity; diopside; electron probe data; experimental studies; feldspar group; framework silicates; geochemistry; hydrochemistry; isotope ratios; isotopes; liquid phase; magnesium; major elements; melts; metals; Mg-26/Mg-24; mineral assemblages; models; P-T conditions; plagioclase; pyroxene group; separation; silicate melts; silicates; stable isotopes DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2011.03.002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Deformation twinning and residual stress in calcite studied with synchrotron polychromatic X-ray microdiffraction AN - 1502292231; 2014-013357 AB - Microstructures of deformed calcite in marble from the Bergell Alps are studied by using a microfocused polychromatic synchrotron X-ray beam. The high spatial resolution, together with orientation and strain resolutions, reveals twin plane orientation, multiple twin lamellae, and strain distributions associated with the twins. Single and multiple mechanical twins on e = {0118} systems are confirmed. Residual stresses are derived from the strain tensor that is derived from Laue diffraction patterns. Average lattice strains from several hundred to over one thousand microstrains are detected in a deformed marble from the Bergell Alps. Such strains suggest 60-120 MPa residual stresses. A detailed study of strain components shows that shear stresses on twin planes are completely released. Copyright 2011 Springer-Verlag and The Author(s) JF - Physics and Chemistry of Minerals AU - Chen, Kai AU - Kunz, Martin AU - Tamura, Nobumichi AU - Wenk, Hans-Rudolf Y1 - 2011/06// PY - 2011 DA - June 2011 SP - 491 EP - 500 PB - Springer-Verlag, Berlin - New York VL - 38 IS - 6 SN - 0342-1791, 0342-1791 KW - limestone KW - X-ray diffraction data KW - Alps KW - natural materials KW - stress KW - Europe KW - crystal growth KW - recrystallization KW - twinning KW - Switzerland KW - Mesozoic KW - calcite KW - synchrotron radiation KW - Swiss Alps KW - sedimentary rocks KW - Southern Swiss Alps KW - Bergell Massif KW - quantitative analysis KW - Triassic KW - Central Europe KW - carbonate rocks KW - carbonates KW - 01C:Mineralogy of non-silicates UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1502292231?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physics+and+Chemistry+of+Minerals&rft.atitle=Deformation+twinning+and+residual+stress+in+calcite+studied+with+synchrotron+polychromatic+X-ray+microdiffraction&rft.au=Chen%2C+Kai%3BKunz%2C+Martin%3BTamura%2C+Nobumichi%3BWenk%2C+Hans-Rudolf&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=Kai&rft.date=2011-06-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=491&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Physics+and+Chemistry+of+Minerals&rft.issn=03421791&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00269-011-0422-7 L2 - http://www.springerlink.com/content/100449/?p=e597e977f1914094b3810f7e67f0a453&pi=0 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2014, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from Geoline, Bundesanstalt fur Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, Hanover, Germany N1 - Date revised - 2014-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 35 N1 - Last updated - 2014-09-18 N1 - CODEN - PCMIDU N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Alps; Bergell Massif; calcite; carbonate rocks; carbonates; Central Europe; crystal growth; Europe; limestone; Mesozoic; natural materials; quantitative analysis; recrystallization; sedimentary rocks; Southern Swiss Alps; stress; Swiss Alps; Switzerland; synchrotron radiation; Triassic; twinning; X-ray diffraction data DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00269-011-0422-7 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - New Concepts and Materials for Solar Power Conversion AN - 1417875135; 17725619 AB - Efficient conversion of solar photons into other forms of energy has become one of the primary objectives of the modern science and technology. In the presentation I will briefly review the various large scale energy related research projects at Berkeley. The core presentation will focus on methods to engineer the energy band structure of semiconductor materials for specific energy related applications. I will discuss recent progress on applications of group III-nitride semiconductor alloys for full solar spectrum, high efficiency multijunction solar cells. The second part of the presentation will discuss the recent advances in using highly mismatched semiconductor alloys for intermediate band solar cells. I will present most recent results on demonstration of the first intermediate band photovoltaic device.1 Finally, I will discuss potential applications of the highly mismatched alloys for the photoelectrochemical solar water splitting. In collaboration with Solar Energy Materials Research Group (http://emat-solar.lbl.gov/). JF - Minerals, Metals and Materials Society/AIME, 420 Commonwealth Dr., P.O. Box 430 Warrendale PA 15086 United States. [np]. Jun 2011. AU - Walukiewicz, Wladek AD - Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Y1 - 2011/06// PY - 2011 DA - Jun 2011 PB - Minerals, Metals and Materials Society/AIME, 420 Commonwealth Dr., P.O. Box 430 Warrendale PA 15086 United States KW - Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts (MT); Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); Electronics and Communications Abstracts (EA) KW - Photons KW - Semiconductor materials KW - Solar cells KW - Energy of formation KW - Energy management KW - Semiconductors KW - Alloys KW - Photovoltaic cells UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1417875135?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=New+Concepts+and+Materials+for+Solar+Power+Conversion&rft.au=Walukiewicz%2C+Wladek&rft.aulast=Walukiewicz&rft.aufirst=Wladek&rft.date=2011-06-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2013-09-05 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Wettability alteration upon reaction with scCO (sub 2) ; pore scale visualization and contact angle measurements AN - 1287376575; 2013-017358 AB - The interfacial forces among reservoir mineral substrates, brine and supercritical (sc) CO (sub 2) can greatly affect the distribution of scCO (sub 2) injected in geological formations for its sequestration. When brine and scCO (sub 2) contact with a substrate, the equilibrium configuration among the three interfacial tensions determines the wetting property (contact angle) of the substrate. The contact angle together with the pore size distribution determines the distribution of capillary entry pressures for porous media. Therefore, contact angles in the mineral-brine-scCO (sub 2) system control the pore-scale advance of the scCO (sub 2) -brine interface during injection, structure trapping of CO (sub 2) at reservoir-caprock boundaries, and residual trapping of scCO (sub 2) at later stages of geologic sequestration. The wetting behavior of scCO (sub 2) in contact with caprocks is especially important because it is a primary factor controlling CO (sub 2) leakage from reservoirs to the land surface and atmosphere. Although CO (sub 2) is commonly assumed to be the non-wetting phase in the current predictive models for CO (sub 2) storage capacity, recent studies have begun to show that the wettability of caprock minerals can be altered in the presence of scCO (sub 2) under pressures and temperatures representative of geological storage conditions. Understanding is critically needed on how and to what degrees chemical reactions and physical processes in the deep reservoirs affect the wetting properties of rock surface. Such understanding will enable more reliable estimates of CO (sub 2) residual saturations and capillary threshold pressures needed for predicting larger scale system behavior. We studied silica wettability alteration within single pores containing brine and scCO (sub 2) under flow conditions, using engineered transparent micromodels. The process of scCO (sub 2) injection into an initially brine saturated silica porous network (pore throat and body sizes are 30 and 120 mu m, respectively) was conducted under controlled P and T. We observed (1) the CO (sub 2) phase entering pores, displacing brine, and leaving initially smooth brine films coating silica pore walls with the contact angle q close to zero, and (2) over longer times (CO (sub 2) diffused into brine films), the brine films contracted into small brine-droplets as a result of decreased wettability (increased q). At steady state, the q values of these brine-droplets are 49 degrees + or -10 degrees for the 1.0 M, and 70 degrees + or -7 degrees for 5.0 M NaCl. We hypothesize that neutralization of the silica surfaces resulting from brine film acidification by CO (sub 2) is responsible for the observed wettability alteration. JF - Mineralogical Magazine AU - Wan, Jiamin AU - Kim, Yongman AU - Jung, Jongwon AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/06// PY - 2011 DA - June 2011 SP - 2111 PB - Mineralogical Society, London VL - 75 IS - 3 SN - 0026-461X, 0026-461X KW - alteration KW - neutralization KW - carbon sequestration KW - underground storage KW - injection KW - porosity KW - carbon dioxide KW - visualization KW - substrates KW - chemical reactions KW - silica KW - brines KW - underground installations KW - interfaces KW - wettability KW - acidification KW - supercritical fluids KW - geochemistry KW - 02A:General geochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1287376575?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mineralogical+Magazine&rft.atitle=Wettability+alteration+upon+reaction+with+scCO+%28sub+2%29+%3B+pore+scale+visualization+and+contact+angle+measurements&rft.au=Wan%2C+Jiamin%3BKim%2C+Yongman%3BJung%2C+Jongwon%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Wan&rft.aufirst=Jiamin&rft.date=2011-06-01&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=2111&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mineralogical+Magazine&rft.issn=0026461X&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://minmag.geoscienceworld.org/content/75/3/2106.full.pdf+html http://www.minersoc.org/pages/e_journals/minmag.html LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Goldschmidt2011 N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2013, American Geosciences Institute. Abstract, Copyright, Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland N1 - Date revised - 2013-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-14 N1 - CODEN - MNLMBB N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - acidification; alteration; brines; carbon dioxide; carbon sequestration; chemical reactions; geochemistry; injection; interfaces; neutralization; porosity; silica; substrates; supercritical fluids; underground installations; underground storage; visualization; wettability ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sum Frequency Vibrational Spectroscopy (SFVS) of water and hydroxyls on the corundum (1102) surface; acid-base properties from direct observation of protonation states AN - 1287375615; 2013-017409 AB - SFVS is a powerful tool for quantitative measurement of protonated functional groups on mineral surfaces, especially when used in a phase-sensitive mode [1]. This is demonstrated for the corundum (1102) interface where the orientation and nature of surface hydroxyls on the dry protonated surface can be obtained and compared with models for the surface termination derived from crystal truncation rod (CTR), X-ray reflectivity (XRR) measurements, and with the most likely functional group assignments [2]. Hydroxyl orientations are determined from pole-figure type measurements of the magnitude of the non-linear optical susceptibility for each band, and the polar orientation (up-down with respect to the z-direction) is determined from measurements of the imaginary part of the susceptibility. A scheme for describing the hydrogen bonding among these protonated groups is found to be consistent with surface symmetry and the particular vibrational frequencies observed. The addition of water to the interface alters the hydrogen bonding of the hydroxyls and introduces water-functional group hydrogen bonding [3]. Direct measurement of the SFVS hydroxyl and water band amplitudes as a function of pH can be used to test the expected pKa values for the functional groups, and hence link interfacial acid-base properties to precise molecular surface entities and their protonation states. This research has been in part supported by the Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. JF - Mineralogical Magazine AU - Waychunas, G A AU - Sung, J AU - Shen, Y R AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/06// PY - 2011 DA - June 2011 SP - 2137 PB - Mineralogical Society, London VL - 75 IS - 3 SN - 0026-461X, 0026-461X KW - water KW - hydroxyl ion KW - Sum Frequency Vibrational Spectroscopy KW - vibrational spectra KW - SFVS method KW - oxides KW - spectra KW - bonding KW - protons KW - corundum KW - mineral surface KW - 01C:Mineralogy of non-silicates UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1287375615?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mineralogical+Magazine&rft.atitle=Sum+Frequency+Vibrational+Spectroscopy+%28SFVS%29+of+water+and+hydroxyls+on+the+corundum+%281102%29+surface%3B+acid-base+properties+from+direct+observation+of+protonation+states&rft.au=Waychunas%2C+G+A%3BSung%2C+J%3BShen%2C+Y+R%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Waychunas&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2011-06-01&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=2137&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mineralogical+Magazine&rft.issn=0026461X&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://minmag.geoscienceworld.org/content/75/3/2106.full.pdf+html http://www.minersoc.org/pages/e_journals/minmag.html LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Goldschmidt2011 N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2013, American Geosciences Institute. Abstract, Copyright, Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland N1 - Date revised - 2013-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 3 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-14 N1 - CODEN - MNLMBB N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - bonding; corundum; hydroxyl ion; mineral surface; oxides; protons; SFVS method; spectra; Sum Frequency Vibrational Spectroscopy; vibrational spectra; water ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Combining NanoSIMS with STXM/TEM imaging to shed new light on organic matter contained in micron-sized particles AN - 1151915278; 2012-097591 AB - During the past 10 years, NanoSIMS has opened a new window on the study of the spatial distribution of light elements and their isotopic composition in natural samples. This instrument, with its high sensitivity, high precision and high spatial resolution, is suitable to study organic matter (OM) in meteorites and soil aggregates. Nevertheless, this technique suffers from the influence of the nature and the topography of the sample surface on the ion yield (the so called matrix effect) making the unambiguous characterization of the carbonaceous phases sometimes problematic. Moreover, the instrument cannot deliver molecular information, often required for the study of OM. We illustrate here, through several examples, the benefits to combine NanoSIMS imaging with TEM and STXM, in order to improve the characterization of the carbonaceous materials and to strengthen the conclusions arisen from NanoSIMS images. This is a challenging task because these cutting edge techniques, while sharing high spatial resolution capabilities, have very different instrumental constrains. The combination TEM+NanoSIMS was used to characterize the carbonaceous phases isolated from an Enstatite chondrite by HF/HCl dissolution. Graphite and poorly organised OM were identified by TEM (and Raman spectroscopy). With NanoSIMS, we measured the D/H and (super 13) C/ (super 12) C isotopic ratios along with the H/C and N/C elemental ratios of each phase, without ambiguity. Hence, we entirely characterized the carbonaceous phases separately to understand their relationship and origin. We could also assess the fate of labelled OM after a 10 years in situ incubation experiment in a natural forest by combining NanoSIMS and STXM. While NanoSIMS was able to map (super 15) N-labelled OM in soil microaggregates recovered from this forest, it has to be combined with STXM imaging (of the same aggregates) to reveal the molecular structure of the organic constituents. The combination of these instruments allows us to follow, at the submicron scale, the processes leading to the soil OM recycling. JF - Mineralogical Magazine AU - Remusat, L AU - Derrien, D AU - Hatton, P J AU - Nico, P AU - Rouzaud, J N AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/06// PY - 2011 DA - June 2011 SP - 1709 PB - Mineralogical Society, London VL - 75 IS - 3 SN - 0026-461X, 0026-461X KW - experimental studies KW - stony meteorites KW - isotopes KW - isotope ratios KW - C-13/C-12 KW - TEM data KW - stable isotopes KW - molecular structure KW - meteorites KW - sample preparation KW - organic compounds KW - D/H KW - hydrogen KW - carbon KW - STXM data KW - NanoSIMS KW - enstatite chondrites KW - chondrites KW - nanoparticles KW - geochemistry KW - image analysis KW - 05B:Petrology of meteorites and tektites KW - 02D:Isotope geochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1151915278?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mineralogical+Magazine&rft.atitle=Combining+NanoSIMS+with+STXM%2FTEM+imaging+to+shed+new+light+on+organic+matter+contained+in+micron-sized+particles&rft.au=Remusat%2C+L%3BDerrien%2C+D%3BHatton%2C+P+J%3BNico%2C+P%3BRouzaud%2C+J+N%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Remusat&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2011-06-01&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1709&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mineralogical+Magazine&rft.issn=0026461X&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://minmag.geoscienceworld.org/content/75/3/1685.full.pdf+html http://www.minersoc.org/pages/e_journals/minmag.html LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Goldschmidt2011 N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Abstract, Copyright, Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-11-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - C-13/C-12; carbon; chondrites; D/H; enstatite chondrites; experimental studies; geochemistry; hydrogen; image analysis; isotope ratios; isotopes; meteorites; molecular structure; nanoparticles; NanoSIMS; organic compounds; sample preparation; stable isotopes; stony meteorites; STXM data; TEM data ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Continuum model for diffusive transport in the electrical double layer and clay interlamellae AN - 1151913628; 2012-100046 AB - A continuum model for diffusive transport in the electrical double layer and the interlamellar space in clays is presented. The model makes use of a Donnan equilibrium assumption to calculate explicitly the composition of the diffuse double layer given an arbitrary bulk solution composition. In this approach, rather than solving the Poisson-Boltzmann equation explicitly, an average electrostatic potential corresponding to the double layer is computed. In the model, the double layer balances the charge of the mineral surface, which may be fixed charge (as in the case of ion exchange) or dynamically computed charge using a surface complexation model. In the case of clay interlamellae, the charge of the clay is fixed and the ions occupying the space are treated as part of a double layer that may or may not be overlapping. Diffusive transport is handled with the Nernst-Planck equation, with accounting for the local immobile charge of the mineral surface. The approach allows for modeling of anion exclusion in clay-rich materials, as well as ion exchange within clay interlamellae and edges. Based on the same theoretical foundations as the single-type porosity model developed by Birgersson and Karnland [1], this continuum model provides identical predictions as long as the entire pore space is assumed to be occupied by the electrical double diffuse layer as, e.g., in highly compacted clays. These predictions were in turn validated by comparison with diffusion experiments conducted by Van Loon et al. [2]. The present work also explores the limitations of a discrete two-type porosity model in reproducing the actual continuous distribution of ion concentrations over the pore space as obtained with analytical expressions for very simple cases involving a pore space confined between two parallel electrically charged walls and saturated with a binary salt. JF - Mineralogical Magazine AU - Galindez, J M AU - Steefel, C I AU - Maeder, U AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/06// PY - 2011 DA - June 2011 SP - 884 PB - Mineralogical Society, London VL - 75 IS - 3 SN - 0026-461X, 0026-461X KW - silicates KW - electrical properties KW - diffusion KW - clay mineralogy KW - lamellae KW - porosity KW - clay minerals KW - theoretical models KW - sheet silicates KW - ion exchange KW - geochemistry KW - mineral surface KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments KW - 01B:Mineralogy of silicates UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1151913628?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mineralogical+Magazine&rft.atitle=Continuum+model+for+diffusive+transport+in+the+electrical+double+layer+and+clay+interlamellae&rft.au=Galindez%2C+J+M%3BSteefel%2C+C+I%3BMaeder%2C+U%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Galindez&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2011-06-01&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=884&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mineralogical+Magazine&rft.issn=0026461X&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://minmag.geoscienceworld.org/content/75/3/878.full.pdf+html http://www.minersoc.org/pages/e_journals/minmag.html LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Goldschmidt2011 N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Abstract, Copyright, Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 2 N1 - Last updated - 2012-11-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - clay mineralogy; clay minerals; diffusion; electrical properties; geochemistry; ion exchange; lamellae; mineral surface; porosity; sheet silicates; silicates; theoretical models ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Calcium isotopes during coral biomineralization AN - 1151913522; 2012-100039 AB - A mechanistic understanding of biomineralization promises to separate biological and environmental signals in skeletal carbonates, improving the interpretation of paleoproxies. Towards this goal, we measure calcium isotope ratios of micromilled samples from modern scleractinian deep-sea coral, testing two questions in coral biomineralization. Is amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) an important precursor during skeletal nucleation? Can reservoir effects (Rayleigh models) explain the biologically controlled variability of non-traditional stable isotopes. Centers of calcification (COCs) are morphologically and compositionally distinct regions of the coral skeleton associated with nucleation. To test if an ACC precursor phase can explain the geochemistry of COCs, we compare the calcium isotope ratios of COCs to synthetic ACC. The delta (super 44) Ca of COCs are similar to the surrounding skeleton and to inorganically precipitated aragonite, but are fractionated significantly more than inorganic ACC (Delta (super 44) Ca (sub COC-seawater) = -1.0 + or - 0.1 ppm while Delta (super 44) Ca (sub ACC-solution) < -0.2 ppm). If ACC is involved in skeletal nucleation, then the distinct calcium isotope signature of this phase is lost during subsequent phase transformation. As calcium is the major cation in aragonite, this presumably means the minor and trace element composition of an ACC phase would be altered as well, and suggests that ACC is unlikely to explain the compositional anomalies associated with COCs in coral. Even when grown under constant environmental conditions, metal/calcium ratios in deep-sea coral vary by more than 5 %. This variability can be explained by skeletal precipitation from closed batches of seawater or a more general steady-state reservoir effect where seawater transport to the site of calcification balances precipitation. Both models make similar predictions regarding calcium isotopes, higher skeletal Sr/Ca ratios should correlate with lighter delta (super 44) Ca. We observe this predicted trend in preliminary results from micromilled samples, suggesting that in addition to metal/calcium ratios, reservoir effect models of coral biomineralization may also explain the variability of some isotope systems. Analysis of coral from a range of conditions will test if we can recover biomineralization corrected records of seawater isotope ratios and environmental conditions. JF - Mineralogical Magazine AU - Gagnon, A C AU - DePaolo, D J AU - Adkins, J F AU - De Yoreo, J J AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/06// PY - 2011 DA - June 2011 SP - 880 PB - Mineralogical Society, London VL - 75 IS - 3 SN - 0026-461X, 0026-461X KW - calcium KW - isotopes KW - Ca-44 KW - crystal growth KW - deep-sea environment KW - stable isotopes KW - modern KW - Zoantharia KW - Anthozoa KW - Invertebrata KW - ecology KW - calcium carbonate KW - geochemistry KW - biomineralization KW - alkaline earth metals KW - experimental studies KW - living taxa KW - amorphous materials KW - biochemistry KW - calcification KW - Scleractinia KW - metals KW - marine environment KW - Cnidaria KW - 10:Invertebrate paleontology KW - 02D:Isotope geochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1151913522?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mineralogical+Magazine&rft.atitle=Calcium+isotopes+during+coral+biomineralization&rft.au=Gagnon%2C+A+C%3BDePaolo%2C+D+J%3BAdkins%2C+J+F%3BDe+Yoreo%2C+J+J%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Gagnon&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2011-06-01&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=880&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mineralogical+Magazine&rft.issn=0026461X&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://minmag.geoscienceworld.org/content/75/3/878.full.pdf+html http://www.minersoc.org/pages/e_journals/minmag.html LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Goldschmidt2011 N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Abstract, Copyright, Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-11-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - alkaline earth metals; amorphous materials; Anthozoa; biochemistry; biomineralization; Ca-44; calcification; calcium; calcium carbonate; Cnidaria; crystal growth; deep-sea environment; ecology; experimental studies; geochemistry; Invertebrata; isotopes; living taxa; marine environment; metals; modern; Scleractinia; stable isotopes; Zoantharia ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Association of amino sugars (chitin) with Fe oxyhydroxides in mycorrhizal mat soils; a STXM/NanoSIMS investigation AN - 1151912101; 2012-096623 AB - Amino sugars and polymers such as chitin represent a major constituent of fungal cell walls and hydrolyzed soil organic matter. Despite their potential importance in soil nitrogen and carbon cycling, comparatively little is known about their dynamics in soils. Here we present the results of an investigation into the mineral interactions and micro-scale behavior of chitin in ectomycorrhizal mats - a system adapted to rapid cycling of amino sugars. The aim of this study was to follow the micro-scale dynamics of (super 13) C- and (super 15) N-labeled chitin during a 3-week incubation in mycorrhizal mat soil collected from a Oregon andic soil under Douglas-fir forest. Based upon previous findings, we hypothesized that the isotopic label would accumulate in bacterial cells associated with fungal hyphae due to their ability to rapidly process amino sugars. In contrast, nano-scale secondary ion mass-spectrometry (NanoSIMS) imaging of hyphae-associated soil organic matter, minerals, and bacteria revealed a preferential association of (super 15) N with Fe-rich particles at the end of the experiment. Synchrotron-based Scanning Transmission X-ray spectromicroscopy (STXM/NEXAFS) at the C, N and Fe K-edge suggests that these hyphae-associated microstructures consist of thin coatings of amine N on Fe (oxyhydr)oxides. Our results are consistent with recent observations of preferential binding of amine N to Fe-rich minerals and suggest a role of Fe (oxyhydr)oxide surfaces in N cycling of organic layers soils. No enrichment of (super 13) C was found at these locations, possibly due to the lower levels of overall (super 13) C abundance. We further discuss advantages and challenges (e.g. data representation, replication, appropriate controls) of the combined application of isotopic and spectroscopic imaging techniques for the investigation of soil C and N cycling. JF - Mineralogical Magazine AU - Pett-Ridge, Jennifer AU - Keiluweit, Marco AU - Bougoure, Jeremy AU - Nico, Peter S AU - Weber, Peter K AU - Zeglin, Lydia AU - Myrold, David D AU - Kleber, Markus AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/06// PY - 2011 DA - June 2011 SP - 1634 PB - Mineralogical Society, London VL - 75 IS - 3 SN - 0026-461X, 0026-461X KW - United States KW - forest soils KW - chitin KW - ion probe data KW - mass spectra KW - nitrogen KW - Oregon KW - fungi KW - carbon KW - oxides KW - STXM spectra KW - spectra KW - mycorrhizae KW - geochemistry KW - soils KW - experimental studies KW - oxyhydroxides KW - X-ray spectra KW - iron hydroxides KW - geochemical cycle KW - hydroxides KW - ultrastructure KW - nitrogen cycle KW - amino sugar KW - organic compounds KW - EXAFS data KW - NanoSIMS KW - carbon cycle KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1151912101?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mineralogical+Magazine&rft.atitle=Association+of+amino+sugars+%28chitin%29+with+Fe+oxyhydroxides+in+mycorrhizal+mat+soils%3B+a+STXM%2FNanoSIMS+investigation&rft.au=Pett-Ridge%2C+Jennifer%3BKeiluweit%2C+Marco%3BBougoure%2C+Jeremy%3BNico%2C+Peter+S%3BWeber%2C+Peter+K%3BZeglin%2C+Lydia%3BMyrold%2C+David+D%3BKleber%2C+Markus%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Pett-Ridge&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft.date=2011-06-01&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1634&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mineralogical+Magazine&rft.issn=0026461X&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://minmag.geoscienceworld.org/content/75/3/1584.full.pdf+html http://www.minersoc.org/pages/e_journals/minmag.html LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Goldschmidt2011 N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Abstract, Copyright, Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-11-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - amino sugar; carbon; carbon cycle; chitin; EXAFS data; experimental studies; forest soils; fungi; geochemical cycle; geochemistry; hydroxides; ion probe data; iron hydroxides; mass spectra; mycorrhizae; NanoSIMS; nitrogen; nitrogen cycle; Oregon; organic compounds; oxides; oxyhydroxides; soils; spectra; STXM spectra; ultrastructure; United States; X-ray spectra ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Origin of the differences in redox reactivity of iron (oxyhydr)oxides revealed by time-resolved spectroscopy AN - 1151910386; 2012-100109 AB - The redox chemistry of nanoscale transition metal oxides, hydroxides and oxyhydroxides is of central importance to broad areas of the Earth sciences, including soil and marine biogeochemistry, contaminant remediation, and paleoclimate records. Iron-bearing phases are the most important redox-active minerals in nature and the complex chemistry of these materials exemplifies the challenges in understanding solid phase redox reactions. For example, following the exposure of ferric iron (Fe (super 3+) ) (oxyhydr)oxides to reducing agents, interfacial electron transfer (ET) can lead to several transformation pathways including release of soluble ferrous iron (Fe (super 2+) ) (dissolution), formation of alternative ferric or mixed valence phases (transformation), or particle growth. Understanding and predicting such redox processes will require the application of time-resolved methods capable of observing the intermediate species that control reaction path. We have applied an optical-pump-X-ray-probe method with subnanosecond time resolution to study the fate of ferrous iron sites formed by electron injection at the surface of three phases of ferric iron (oxyhydr)oxides. We used this approach, combined with conventional kinetics studies, to distinguish the timescales for the elementary redox processes occurring during the reductive dissolution of 6-line ferrihydrite, maghemite and hematite nanoparticles. For each phase we quantified the rates of Fe-to-Fe electron hopping, the rates of interfacial electron transfer, the lifetime of kinetic electron trapping within the nanoparticles, and the rates of the full reaction including ferrous iron release into solution. Comparison of these rates which span from the nanosecond to the second scale reveal new insights into the electronic and structural factors controlling the redox reactivity of these phases. JF - Mineralogical Magazine AU - Gilbert, B AU - Katz, J E AU - Zhang, X AU - Attenkofer, K AU - Frandsen, C AU - Zarzycki, Piotr AU - Rosso, Kevin M AU - Falcone, R W AU - Waychunas, G A AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/06// PY - 2011 DA - June 2011 SP - 915 PB - Mineralogical Society, London VL - 75 IS - 3 SN - 0026-461X, 0026-461X KW - experimental studies KW - oxyhydroxides KW - crystal structure KW - iron hydroxides KW - iron KW - hydroxides KW - reactivity KW - X-ray data KW - time factor KW - metals KW - oxides KW - crystal chemistry KW - nanoparticles KW - Eh KW - electrons KW - 01C:Mineralogy of non-silicates UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1151910386?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mineralogical+Magazine&rft.atitle=Origin+of+the+differences+in+redox+reactivity+of+iron+%28oxyhydr%29oxides+revealed+by+time-resolved+spectroscopy&rft.au=Gilbert%2C+B%3BKatz%2C+J+E%3BZhang%2C+X%3BAttenkofer%2C+K%3BFrandsen%2C+C%3BZarzycki%2C+Piotr%3BRosso%2C+Kevin+M%3BFalcone%2C+R+W%3BWaychunas%2C+G+A%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Gilbert&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2011-06-01&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=915&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mineralogical+Magazine&rft.issn=0026461X&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://minmag.geoscienceworld.org/content/75/3/878.full.pdf+html http://www.minersoc.org/pages/e_journals/minmag.html LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Goldschmidt2011 N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Abstract, Copyright, Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-11-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - crystal chemistry; crystal structure; Eh; electrons; experimental studies; hydroxides; iron; iron hydroxides; metals; nanoparticles; oxides; oxyhydroxides; reactivity; time factor; X-ray data ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Water structure and hydration properties of imogolite nanotubes AN - 1112676034; 2012-087199 AB - Imogolite is a nanotubular aluminosilicate present in the clay fraction of volcanic soils. It has high specific surface areas ( approximately 500 m (super 2) /g) and is one of the few minerals reactive towards both anions and cations under the same soil physico-chemical conditions, properties which make it an important constituent of the soils where it is present. However, precise determinations of imogolite structure and geochemical reactivity have been hindered by its nano-crystalline character. Structural analyses, until now, were restricted to standard X-ray and electron diffraction techniques, the diffraction peaks being used mainly as fingerprints for the identification of the mineral in soils. In this work, we present a detailed structural characterization of the structure of synthetic imogolite using high-energy X-ray diffraction (HEXRD), neutron diffraction with isotopic substitution (NDIS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation methods. Theoretical and experimental investigations of the structure of water at the imogolite - water interface revealed the presence of highly structured water shells both at the surface and inside the nanotubes. We used these structural inputs to develop a geochemical multi-site complexation (MUSIC) model of the acidity of surface Al (sub 2) -OH groups on the external surface of imogolite and compared this to the acidity of similar sites on the equivalent (but planar) surface of gibbsite. This comparison yielded insights into the influence of surface curvature on mineral reactivity. Our MD simulations also probed the energetics of water adsorption and revealed that the external surface of imogolite is more hydrophobic than that of gibbsite. Ongoing work involving the use of inelastic neutron scattering also will be presented and discussed. JF - Mineralogical Magazine AU - Fernandez-Martinez, A AU - Cuello, G J AU - Bourg, I C AU - Johnson, M R AU - Waychunas, G A AU - Sposito, G AU - Charlet, L AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/06// PY - 2011 DA - June 2011 SP - 841 PB - Mineralogical Society, London VL - 75 IS - 3 SN - 0026-461X, 0026-461X KW - silicates KW - X-ray diffraction data KW - volcanic soils KW - clay mineralogy KW - data processing KW - crystal structure KW - reactivity KW - aluminosilicates KW - digital simulation KW - imogolite KW - molecular dynamics KW - synthetic materials KW - water KW - soils KW - experimental studies KW - mineral-water interface KW - TEM data KW - clay minerals KW - hydration KW - neutron diffraction data KW - theoretical models KW - nanotubes KW - sheet silicates KW - nanoparticles KW - 01B:Mineralogy of silicates UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1112676034?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mineralogical+Magazine&rft.atitle=Water+structure+and+hydration+properties+of+imogolite+nanotubes&rft.au=Fernandez-Martinez%2C+A%3BCuello%2C+G+J%3BBourg%2C+I+C%3BJohnson%2C+M+R%3BWaychunas%2C+G+A%3BSposito%2C+G%3BCharlet%2C+L%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Fernandez-Martinez&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2011-06-01&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=841&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mineralogical+Magazine&rft.issn=0026461X&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://minmag.geoscienceworld.org/content/75/3/825.full.pdf+html http://www.minersoc.org/pages/e_journals/minmag.html LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Goldschmidt2011 N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Abstract, Copyright, Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-10-18 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aluminosilicates; clay mineralogy; clay minerals; crystal structure; data processing; digital simulation; experimental studies; hydration; imogolite; mineral-water interface; molecular dynamics; nanoparticles; nanotubes; neutron diffraction data; reactivity; sheet silicates; silicates; soils; synthetic materials; TEM data; theoretical models; volcanic soils; water; X-ray diffraction data ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modelling of a bentonite column experiment with CrunchFlow including new clay-specific transport features AN - 1112675759; 2012-087196 AB - The porosity concept in bentonite has become an important issue since bentonite is foreseen as a confining and buffer material in high level radioactive waste repositories. The mechanisms associated to transport in the bentonite barrier play a critical role to characterize the chemical and mineralogical evolution of the repository near field. As a consequence of the interest generated in the last years on this topic, the geochemical code CrunchFlow [1] has been recently implemented to take into account an explicit diffuse layer model associated to charged surfaces in clay systems. A multi-component advective-diffusive ion transport experiment performed for 304 days at laboratory scale with a cylindrical column of a compacted MX-80 saturated bentonite was proposed as a benchmark experiment to test the new features in CrunchFlow. An artificial saline solution was infiltrated from one column end and the outflow solution was collected in syringes at the other end. The Cl (super -) evolution in the experiment and the breakthrough of a non-reactive tracer were used to constrain the microporosity (diffuse layer) and macroporosity (free water) volume fractions and the transport parameters (advective flow rate and specific diffusion coefficients of aqueous species). The chemical and mineralogical behaviour observed in the experimental system is rather complex. However, the model shows good agreement with the experimental results and demonstrates the relevance of the partition of the pore water in sub-volumes with different characteristics. JF - Mineralogical Magazine AU - Fernandez, R AU - Maeder, U K AU - Steefel, C I AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/06// PY - 2011 DA - June 2011 SP - 839 PB - Mineralogical Society, London VL - 75 IS - 3 SN - 0026-461X, 0026-461X KW - buffers KW - clay mineralogy KW - analog simulation KW - halogens KW - data processing KW - ions KW - radioactive waste KW - laboratory studies KW - CrunchFlow KW - sedimentary rocks KW - transport KW - chloride ion KW - digital simulation KW - tracers KW - geochemistry KW - disposal barriers KW - chlorine KW - high-level waste KW - experimental studies KW - diffusion KW - numerical models KW - bentonite KW - advection KW - porosity KW - waste disposal KW - clastic rocks KW - pore water KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1112675759?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mineralogical+Magazine&rft.atitle=Modelling+of+a+bentonite+column+experiment+with+CrunchFlow+including+new+clay-specific+transport+features&rft.au=Fernandez%2C+R%3BMaeder%2C+U+K%3BSteefel%2C+C+I%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Fernandez&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2011-06-01&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=839&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mineralogical+Magazine&rft.issn=0026461X&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://minmag.geoscienceworld.org/content/75/3/825.full.pdf+html http://www.minersoc.org/pages/e_journals/minmag.html LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Goldschmidt2011 N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Abstract, Copyright, Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 1 N1 - Last updated - 2012-10-18 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - advection; analog simulation; bentonite; buffers; chloride ion; chlorine; clastic rocks; clay mineralogy; CrunchFlow; data processing; diffusion; digital simulation; disposal barriers; experimental studies; geochemistry; halogens; high-level waste; ions; laboratory studies; numerical models; pore water; porosity; radioactive waste; sedimentary rocks; tracers; transport; waste disposal ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Which emission sector is winning the mitigation competition when direct, indirect and semi-direct effects are investigated separately? AN - 1037240928; 2012-077801 AB - Attention has been drawn to black carbon aerosols, as a target for short-term mitigation of climate warming. Regulating soot emissions could, as a short-term action, potentially buy time by slowing global warming until regulations for long-lived greenhouse gases are set in place. The scientific community debates the impacts of such mitigation measures, and mitigation modelling studies show incoherent answers. One of the main reasons for the disagreement are semi-direct aerosol effects, that are neglected in some studies and included and dominating the overall results in others. In this study we apply the GISS/MATRIX model, a global climate model including detailed aerosol microphysics, to understand the single contributions of aerosol forcings and feedbacks. The study goes beyond black carbon mitigation by investigating the whole suite of aerosol sources and sectors of the CMIP5 emission data sets. Our study finds a regionally divers picture. For example aerosol-cloud effects over the United States lead to reduced cloudiness through semi-direct effects and increased cloudiness by the indirect effect and the reversed phenomena is simulated over Europe. This response will be explained by the chemical composition of the emission mix in the different regions and its impact on black carbon coatings. The most promising emission mitigation sectors differ greatly between geographically regions and even among industrialized countries. JF - Mineralogical Magazine AU - Bauer, Susanne E AU - Menon, Surabi AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/06// PY - 2011 DA - June 2011 SP - 499 PB - Mineralogical Society, London VL - 75 IS - 3 SN - 0026-461X, 0026-461X KW - United States KW - clouds KW - numerical models KW - pollution KW - atmosphere KW - global change KW - Europe KW - climate change KW - air pollution KW - feedback KW - controls KW - mitigation KW - GISS/MATRIX model KW - black carbon KW - carbon KW - aerosols KW - global warming KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1037240928?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mineralogical+Magazine&rft.atitle=Which+emission+sector+is+winning+the+mitigation+competition+when+direct%2C+indirect+and+semi-direct+effects+are+investigated+separately%3F&rft.au=Bauer%2C+Susanne+E%3BMenon%2C+Surabi%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Bauer&rft.aufirst=Susanne&rft.date=2011-06-01&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=499&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mineralogical+Magazine&rft.issn=0026461X&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://minmag.geoscienceworld.org/content/75/3/465.full.pdf+html http://www.minersoc.org/pages/e_journals/minmag.html LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Goldschmidt2011 N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Abstract, Copyright, Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-08-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aerosols; air pollution; atmosphere; black carbon; carbon; climate change; clouds; controls; Europe; feedback; GISS/MATRIX model; global change; global warming; mitigation; numerical models; pollution; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Speciation and dynamics of biologically reduced U(IV) in the Old Rifle, CO, aquifer AN - 1037240158; 2012-077770 AB - The chemical and physical forms of U(IV), as well as the biogeochemical processes by which they form and transform, profoundly influence the behavior of uranium in reduced sediments. Obtaining this information for sediments biostimulated in situ, i.e., in the field, has been one of the most important and difficult scientific challenges in the field of uranium bioremediation. We have used in-well columns to obtain direct access to sediment U(IV) species, evolving microbial communities, and trace and major ion groundwater constituents in the Old Rifle, CO (USA) aquifer. Sediments were examined using x-ray and electron microscopy (XRM and SEM/TEM), x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), and chemical digestions. EXAFS analysis showed that U(IV) occurred predominantly or exclusively as monomeric U(IV) complexes under both metal- and sulfate-reducing conditions, and was associated with biomass or Fe sulfides. Intriguingly, U(IV) was bonded to oxygen atoms, even when associated with iron sulfides. A fraction of these monomeric complexes transformed into uraninite in the aquifer over a subsequent 12 month period. This work establishes the importance of monomeric U(IV) complexes in subsurface sediments at the Old Rifle site and provides a conceptual framework in which previously observed U(IV) reduction products can be related. These experiments also establish that U(IV) species are dynamic in aquifers and can undergo non-oxidative transformation reactions. These new results have important implications for uranium reactive transport models and remediation technologies. JF - Mineralogical Magazine AU - Bargar, J R AU - Stubbs, J E AU - Suvorova, E I AU - Williams, K H AU - Campbell, K M AU - Lezama-Pacheco, J S AU - Cerrato, J M AU - Stylo, M A AU - Alessi, D S AU - Webb, S M AU - Bernier-Latmani, R AU - Giammar, D E AU - Davis, J A AU - Fox, P AU - Long, P E AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/06// PY - 2011 DA - June 2011 SP - 484 PB - Mineralogical Society, London VL - 75 IS - 3 SN - 0026-461X, 0026-461X KW - United States KW - Garfield County Colorado KW - complexing KW - remediation KW - ground water KW - Rifle Colorado KW - major elements KW - transport KW - sediments KW - reactive transport KW - oxides KW - reduction KW - trace elements KW - water pollution KW - geochemistry KW - tetravalent uranium KW - experimental studies KW - biochemistry KW - pollution KW - bioremediation KW - hydrochemistry KW - TEM data KW - Old Rifle Aquifer KW - aquifers KW - X-ray data KW - metals KW - EXAFS data KW - theoretical models KW - uranium KW - transformations KW - Colorado KW - uraninite KW - actinides KW - SEM data KW - microorganisms KW - chemical fractionation KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1037240158?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mineralogical+Magazine&rft.atitle=Speciation+and+dynamics+of+biologically+reduced+U%28IV%29+in+the+Old+Rifle%2C+CO%2C+aquifer&rft.au=Bargar%2C+J+R%3BStubbs%2C+J+E%3BSuvorova%2C+E+I%3BWilliams%2C+K+H%3BCampbell%2C+K+M%3BLezama-Pacheco%2C+J+S%3BCerrato%2C+J+M%3BStylo%2C+M+A%3BAlessi%2C+D+S%3BWebb%2C+S+M%3BBernier-Latmani%2C+R%3BGiammar%2C+D+E%3BDavis%2C+J+A%3BFox%2C+P%3BLong%2C+P+E%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Bargar&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2011-06-01&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=484&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mineralogical+Magazine&rft.issn=0026461X&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://minmag.geoscienceworld.org/content/75/3/465.full.pdf+html http://www.minersoc.org/pages/e_journals/minmag.html LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Goldschmidt2011 N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Abstract, Copyright, Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-08-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - actinides; aquifers; biochemistry; bioremediation; chemical fractionation; Colorado; complexing; EXAFS data; experimental studies; Garfield County Colorado; geochemistry; ground water; hydrochemistry; major elements; metals; microorganisms; Old Rifle Aquifer; oxides; pollution; reactive transport; reduction; remediation; Rifle Colorado; sediments; SEM data; TEM data; tetravalent uranium; theoretical models; trace elements; transformations; transport; United States; uraninite; uranium; water pollution; X-ray data ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative genomics of two newly isolated Dehalococcoides strains and an enrichment using a genus microarray AN - 1017954394; 14874225 AB - Comparative genomics of Dehalococcoides strains and an enrichment were performed using a microarray targeting genes from all available sequenced genomes of the Dehalococcoides genus. The microarray was designed with 4305 probe sets to target 98.6% of the open-reading frames from strains 195, CBDB1, BAV1 and VS. The microarrays were validated and applied to query the genomes of two recently isolated Dehalococcoides strains, ANAS1 and ANAS2, and their enrichment source (ANAS) to understand the genome-physiology relationships. Strains ANAS1 and ANAS2 can both couple the reduction of trichloroethene, cis-dichloroethene (DCE) and 1,1-DCE, but not tetrachloroethene and trans-DCE with growth, whereas only strain ANAS2 couples vinyl chloride reduction to growth. Comparative genomic analysis showed that the genomes of both strains are similar to each other and to strain 195, except for genes that are within the previously defined integrated elements or high-plasticity regions. Combined results of the two isolates closely matched the results obtained using genomic DNA of the ANAS enrichment. The genome similarities, together with the distinct chlorinated ethene usage of strains ANAS1, ANAS2 and 195 demonstrate that closely phylogenetically related strains can be physiologically different. This incongruence between physiology and core genome phylogeny seems to be related to the presence of distinct reductive dehalogenase-encoding genes with assigned chlorinated ethene functions (pceA, tceA in strain 195; tceA in strain ANAS1; vcrA in strain ANAS2). Overall, the microarrays are a valuable high-throughput tool for comparative genomics of unsequenced Dehalococcoides-containing samples to provide insights into their gene content and dechlorination functions. JF - ISME Journal AU - Lee, Patrick K H AU - Cheng, Dan AU - Hu, Ping AU - West, Kimberlee A AU - Dick, Gregory J AU - Brodie, Eoin L AU - Andersen, Gary L AU - Zinder, Stephen H AU - He, Jianzhong AU - Alvarez-Cohen, Lisa AD - 1] Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA [2] Ecology Department, Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA Y1 - 2011/06// PY - 2011 DA - Jun 2011 SP - 1014 EP - 1024 PB - Nature Publishing Group, The Macmillan Building London N1 9XW UK VL - 5 IS - 6 SN - 1751-7362, 1751-7362 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - DNA KW - DNA probes KW - Dechlorination KW - Genomic analysis KW - Phylogeny KW - Tetrachloroethylene KW - Trichloroethylene KW - Vinyl chloride KW - ethene KW - Anas KW - Dehalococcoides KW - W 30900:Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1017954394?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ISME+Journal&rft.atitle=Comparative+genomics+of+two+newly+isolated+Dehalococcoides+strains+and+an+enrichment+using+a+genus+microarray&rft.au=Lee%2C+Patrick+K+H%3BCheng%2C+Dan%3BHu%2C+Ping%3BWest%2C+Kimberlee+A%3BDick%2C+Gregory+J%3BBrodie%2C+Eoin+L%3BAndersen%2C+Gary+L%3BZinder%2C+Stephen+H%3BHe%2C+Jianzhong%3BAlvarez-Cohen%2C+Lisa&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Patrick+K&rft.date=2011-06-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1014&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=ISME+Journal&rft.issn=17517362&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fismej.2010.202 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-18 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Phylogeny; Dechlorination; ethene; DNA probes; Genomic analysis; DNA; Trichloroethylene; Tetrachloroethylene; Vinyl chloride; Anas; Dehalococcoides DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2010.202 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The oxidation state of Ti in synthetic and meteoritic hibonite AN - 1017953246; 2012-053776 AB - Hibonite (CaAl (sub 12) O (sub 19) ) is a Ti-bearing mineral found in calcium aluminium inclusions (CAIs) and is thought to be the second mineral to condense from a solar composition gas [1]. As such, the crystal chemistry of hibonite could provide insight into the conditions of the early Solar System. Ti may occur as Ti (super 3+) under reducing conditions, with up to 23% of the Ti in meteoritic hibonite previously reported as Ti (super 3+) [2]. We have used X-ray spectromicroscopy (XANES, XPEEM) to determine Ti (super 3+) /Ti (super 4+) ratios for a range of meteoritic hibonites, with spatial resolutions between 3 mu m and 100 nm. We aim to use this information to investigate if hibonite grains record temporal variations in oxygen fugacity in the early Solar Nebula. Ti-bearing hibonite samples were prepared at 1400 degrees C under oxidising and reducing atmospheres using a CO-CO (sub 2) gas mixing furnace in order to produce a sample series with 0-100% Ti (super 3+) /Sigma Ti (where Sigma Ti = Ti (super 3+) +Ti (super 4+) ). Neutron powder diffraction data was used to determine the site occupancy of Ti (super 3+) and Ti (super 4+) in the sample suite. Ti K- and L-edge spectra were recorded for these samples and meteoritic hibonite (c/o A. Bischoff and S. Rout). Spectral features that vary as a function of Ti (super 3+) /Ti (super 4+) in the synthetic hibonite series were identified. The resulting calibration curve was used to determine Ti (super 3+) /Ti (super 4+) ratios for the meteoritic hibonite grains. The results show that blue hibonite from CAIs in the unique Acfer094 meteorite and greeny-blue hibonite from a CAI in the El Djouf001 CR meteorite have up to 10% Ti (super 3+) /Sigma Ti, and colourless hibonite grains from the Hughes030 and NWA2446 R-type meteorites have less than 3% Ti (super 3+) /Sigma Ti. Additionally, there is evidence that there may be a degree of core-to-rim variation of the Ti (super 3+) /Sigma Ti ratio within some hibonite grains. JF - Mineralogical Magazine AU - Doyle, P M AU - Berry, A J AU - Schofield, P F AU - Mosselmans, J F W AU - Smith, A D AU - Scholl, A AU - Young, A T AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/06// PY - 2011 DA - June 2011 SP - 778 PB - Mineralogical Society, London VL - 75 IS - 3 SN - 0026-461X, 0026-461X KW - Northwest Africa Meteorites KW - solar system KW - experimental studies KW - oxidation KW - natural materials KW - calcium-aluminum inclusions KW - calibration KW - Acfer Meteorites KW - hibonite KW - Hughes Meteorite KW - X-ray spectra KW - XANES spectra KW - solar nebula KW - meteorites KW - laboratory studies KW - titanium KW - metals KW - inclusions KW - oxides KW - spectra KW - crystal chemistry KW - geochemistry KW - synthetic materials KW - 05B:Petrology of meteorites and tektites KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1017953246?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mineralogical+Magazine&rft.atitle=The+oxidation+state+of+Ti+in+synthetic+and+meteoritic+hibonite&rft.au=Doyle%2C+P+M%3BBerry%2C+A+J%3BSchofield%2C+P+F%3BMosselmans%2C+J+F+W%3BSmith%2C+A+D%3BScholl%2C+A%3BYoung%2C+A+T%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Doyle&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2011-06-01&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=778&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mineralogical+Magazine&rft.issn=0026461X&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://minmag.geoscienceworld.org/content/75/3/712.full.pdf+html http://www.minersoc.org/pages/e_journals/minmag.html LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Goldschmidt2011 N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Abstract, Copyright, Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 2 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Acfer Meteorites; calcium-aluminum inclusions; calibration; crystal chemistry; experimental studies; geochemistry; hibonite; Hughes Meteorite; inclusions; laboratory studies; metals; meteorites; natural materials; Northwest Africa Meteorites; oxidation; oxides; solar nebula; solar system; spectra; synthetic materials; titanium; X-ray spectra; XANES spectra ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A meso-scale laboratory study of stable isotope variations during uranium bioremediation AN - 1017950651; 2012-053783 AB - We present results from a large-scale column experiment designed to bridge the gap between the field scale and small columns and advance our understanding of the isotopic signatures of biostimulation geochemistry. Stable isotope variations of major elements such as C, Ca and S can identify processes unobservable in concentration data alone but an understanding of these isotope systems must first be developed under controlled biostimulation conditions. A 1m long, 10cm diameter column was packed with sediment from the saturated zone of the Rifle Integrated Field-Scale Subsurface Research Challenge (IFRC) site in western Colorado. The pore velocity of the column experiment was matched to that of the field, thus providing a direct representation of the first meter down-gradient of the in situ uranium bioremediation injection gallery while ensuring steady flow and boundary conditions. Side-ports along the length of the column provided <20cm sampling resolution, while inert tracers and electron donor were added to the injection solution. This study has generated an extensive isotopic and biogeochemical reactive transport dataset and provides an unprecedented opportunity to constrain carbon, calcium and sulfur isotopic dynamics. Results include: 1) delta (super 2) H and delta (super 18) O breakthrough curves yielding a starting porosity of 0.38 decreasing to 0.30 over 42 days. 2) delta (super 13) C-labeled acetate allows tracking of carbon originating from electron donor consumption throughout the system. 3) delta (super 44) Ca variations in the fluid phase identify two primary controls on Ca: precipitation of carbonates and ion exchange between the fluid and sediment. 4) A delta (super 34) S fractionation factor of 12ppm between SO (sub 4) (super 2-) and HS (super -) in comparison with a Rayleigh model alpha of 10ppm indicates variation in a values across the flow path. These observations are a direct result of the improved spatial and temporal sampling resolution afforded by the experimental design and allow new insight into the highly reactive zone adjacent to contaminant remediation injection wells. JF - Mineralogical Magazine AU - Druhan, J L AU - Steefel, C I AU - Conrad, M E AU - DePaolo, D J AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/06// PY - 2011 DA - June 2011 SP - 782 PB - Mineralogical Society, London VL - 75 IS - 3 SN - 0026-461X, 0026-461X KW - scale factor KW - calcium KW - oxygen KW - isotopes KW - Ca-44 KW - stable isotopes KW - remediation KW - laboratory studies KW - transport KW - sampling KW - carbon KW - reactive transport KW - deuterium KW - breakthrough curves KW - alkaline earth metals KW - experimental studies KW - pollutants KW - isotope ratios KW - C-13/C-12 KW - pollution KW - O-18/O-16 KW - bioremediation KW - sample preparation KW - S-34/S-32 KW - D/H KW - metals KW - hydrogen KW - sulfur KW - uranium KW - actinides KW - 02D:Isotope geochemistry KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1017950651?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mineralogical+Magazine&rft.atitle=A+meso-scale+laboratory+study+of+stable+isotope+variations+during+uranium+bioremediation&rft.au=Druhan%2C+J+L%3BSteefel%2C+C+I%3BConrad%2C+M+E%3BDePaolo%2C+D+J%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Druhan&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2011-06-01&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=782&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mineralogical+Magazine&rft.issn=0026461X&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://minmag.geoscienceworld.org/content/75/3/712.full.pdf+html http://www.minersoc.org/pages/e_journals/minmag.html LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Goldschmidt2011 N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Abstract, Copyright, Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - actinides; alkaline earth metals; bioremediation; breakthrough curves; C-13/C-12; Ca-44; calcium; carbon; D/H; deuterium; experimental studies; hydrogen; isotope ratios; isotopes; laboratory studies; metals; O-18/O-16; oxygen; pollutants; pollution; reactive transport; remediation; S-34/S-32; sample preparation; sampling; scale factor; stable isotopes; sulfur; transport; uranium ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Implementation of the Barcelona basic model into TOUGH-FLAC for simulations of the geomechanical behavior of unsaturated soils AN - 1008820855; 2012-040846 AB - This paper presents the implementation of the Barcelona Basic Model (BBM) into the TOUGH-FLAC simulator analyzing the geomechanical behavior of unsaturated soils. We implemented the BBM into TOUGH-FLAC by (1) extending an existing FLAC (super 3D) module for the Modified Cam-Clay (MCC) model in FLAC (super 3D) and (2) adding computational routines for suction-dependent strain and net stress (i.e., total stress minus gas pressure) for unsaturated soils. We implemented a thermo-elasto-plastic version of the BBM, wherein the soil strength depends on both suction and temperature. The implementation of the BBM into TOUGH-FLAC was verified and tested against several published numerical model simulations and laboratory experiments involving the coupled thermal-hydrological-mechanical (THM) behavior of unsaturated soils. The simulation tests included modeling the mechanical behavior of bentonite-sand mixtures, which are being considered as back-fill and buffer materials for geological disposal of spent nuclear fuel. We also tested and demonstrated the use of the BBM and TOUGH-FLAC for a problem involving the coupled THM processes within a bentonite-backfilled nuclear waste emplacement tunnel. The simulation results indicated complex geomechanical behavior of the bentonite backfill, including a nonuniform distribution of buffer porosity and density that could not be captured in an alternative, simplified, linear-elastic swelling model. As a result of the work presented in this paper, TOUGH-FLAC with BBM is now fully operational and ready to be applied to problems associated with nuclear waste disposal in bentonite-backfilled tunnels, as well as other scientific and engineering problems related to the mechanical behavior of unsaturated soils. JF - Computers & Geosciences AU - Rutqvist, Jonny AU - Ijiri, Yuji AU - Yamamoto, Hajime A2 - Moridis, G. A2 - Doughty, C. Y1 - 2011/06// PY - 2011 DA - June 2011 SP - 751 EP - 762 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 37 IS - 6 SN - 0098-3004, 0098-3004 KW - TOUGH2 KW - data processing KW - unsaturated zone KW - simulation KW - radioactive waste KW - ground water KW - TOUGH-FLAC KW - sedimentary rocks KW - tunnels KW - sediments KW - P-T conditions KW - soil mechanics KW - sand KW - experimental studies KW - bentonite KW - three-dimensional models KW - clastic sediments KW - mechanical properties KW - structures KW - models KW - computer programs KW - Barcelona model KW - mathematical methods KW - waste disposal KW - clastic rocks KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1008820855?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Computers+%26+Geosciences&rft.atitle=Implementation+of+the+Barcelona+basic+model+into+TOUGH-FLAC+for+simulations+of+the+geomechanical+behavior+of+unsaturated+soils&rft.au=Rutqvist%2C+Jonny%3BIjiri%2C+Yuji%3BYamamoto%2C+Hajime&rft.aulast=Rutqvist&rft.aufirst=Jonny&rft.date=2011-06-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=751&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Computers+%26+Geosciences&rft.issn=00983004&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.cageo.2010.10.011 L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=JournalURL&_cdi=5840&_auth=y&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=e5198452fad934c6346f38b57511c8e0 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 2009 TOUGH symposium N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from CAPCAS, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 29 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GGEOD5 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Barcelona model; bentonite; clastic rocks; clastic sediments; computer programs; data processing; experimental studies; ground water; mathematical methods; mechanical properties; models; P-T conditions; radioactive waste; sand; sedimentary rocks; sediments; simulation; soil mechanics; structures; three-dimensional models; TOUGH-FLAC; TOUGH2; tunnels; unsaturated zone; waste disposal DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2010.10.011 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Status of the TOUGH-FLAC simulator and recent applications related to coupled fluid flow and crustal deformations AN - 1008820852; 2012-040845 AB - This paper presents recent advancement in and applications of TOUGH-FLAC, a simulator for multiphase fluid flow and geomechanics. The TOUGH-FLAC simulator links the TOUGH family multiphase fluid and heat transport codes with the commercial FLAC (super 3D) geomechanical simulator. The most significant new TOUGH-FLAC development in the past few years is a revised architecture, enabling a more rigorous and tight coupling procedure with improved computational efficiency. The applications presented in this paper are related to modeling of crustal deformations caused by deep underground fluid movements and pressure changes as a result of both industrial activities (the In Salah CO (sub 2) Storage Project and the Geysers Geothermal Field) and natural events (the 1960s Matsushiro Earthquake Swarm). Finally, the paper provides some perspectives on the future of TOUGH-FLAC in light of its applicability to practical problems and the need for high-performance computing capabilities for field-scale problems, such as industrial-scale CO (sub 2) storage and enhanced geothermal systems. It is concluded that despite some limitations to fully adapting a commercial code such as FLAC (super 3D) for some specialized research and computational needs, TOUGH-FLAC is likely to remain a pragmatic simulation approach, with an increasing number of users in both academia and industry. JF - Computers & Geosciences AU - Rutqvist, Jonny A2 - Moridis, G. A2 - Doughty, C. Y1 - 2011/06// PY - 2011 DA - June 2011 SP - 739 EP - 750 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 37 IS - 6 SN - 0098-3004, 0098-3004 KW - United States KW - TOUGH2 KW - Far East KW - North Africa KW - natural gas KW - data processing KW - petroleum KW - gas storage KW - simulation KW - oil and gas fields KW - reservoir rocks KW - carbon dioxide KW - air pollution KW - environmental management KW - California KW - TOUGH-FLAC KW - sedimentary rocks KW - movement KW - geysers KW - Asia KW - Northern California KW - carbon sequestration KW - swarms KW - three-dimensional models KW - pollutants KW - In Salah Field KW - pollution KW - mechanical properties KW - deformation KW - geometry KW - models KW - geothermal energy KW - computer programs KW - geothermal fields KW - gas injection KW - geothermal reservoirs KW - The Geysers KW - Krechba Field KW - boreholes KW - Matsushiro Japan KW - Africa KW - hydraulic conductivity KW - Honshu KW - earthquakes KW - clastic rocks KW - Algeria KW - Japan KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1008820852?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Computers+%26+Geosciences&rft.atitle=Status+of+the+TOUGH-FLAC+simulator+and+recent+applications+related+to+coupled+fluid+flow+and+crustal+deformations&rft.au=Rutqvist%2C+Jonny&rft.aulast=Rutqvist&rft.aufirst=Jonny&rft.date=2011-06-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=739&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Computers+%26+Geosciences&rft.issn=00983004&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.cageo.2010.08.006 L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=JournalURL&_cdi=5840&_auth=y&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=e5198452fad934c6346f38b57511c8e0 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 2009 TOUGH symposium N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from CAPCAS, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 83 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GGEOD5 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Africa; air pollution; Algeria; Asia; boreholes; California; carbon dioxide; carbon sequestration; clastic rocks; computer programs; data processing; deformation; earthquakes; environmental management; Far East; gas injection; gas storage; geometry; geothermal energy; geothermal fields; geothermal reservoirs; geysers; Honshu; hydraulic conductivity; In Salah Field; Japan; Krechba Field; Matsushiro Japan; mechanical properties; models; movement; natural gas; North Africa; Northern California; oil and gas fields; petroleum; pollutants; pollution; reservoir rocks; sedimentary rocks; simulation; swarms; The Geysers; three-dimensional models; TOUGH-FLAC; TOUGH2; United States DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2010.08.006 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A truncated Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm for the calibration of highly parameterized non-linear models AN - 1008820849; 2012-040844 AB - We propose a modification to the Levenberg-Marquardt minimization algorithm for a more robust and more efficient calibration of highly parameterized, strongly nonlinear models of multiphase flow through porous media. The new method combines the advantages of truncated singular value decomposition with those of the classical Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm, thus enabling a more robust solution of underdetermined inverse problems with complex relations between the parameters to be estimated and the observable state variables used for calibration. The truncation limit separating the solution space from the calibration null space is re-evaluated during the iterative calibration process. In between these re-evaluations, fewer forward simulations are required, compared to the standard approach, to calculate the approximate sensitivity matrix. Truncated singular values are used to calculate the Levenberg-Marquardt parameter updates, ensuring that safe small steps along the steepest-descent direction are taken for highly correlated parameters of low sensitivity, whereas efficient quasi-Gauss-Newton steps are taken for independent parameters with high impact. The performance of the proposed scheme is demonstrated for a synthetic data set representing infiltration into a partially saturated, heterogeneous soil, where hydrogeological, petrophysical, and geostatistical parameters are estimated based on the joint inversion of hydrological and geophysical data. JF - Computers & Geosciences AU - Finsterle, Stefan AU - Kowalsky, Michael B Y1 - 2011/06// PY - 2011 DA - June 2011 SP - 731 EP - 738 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 37 IS - 6 SN - 0098-3004, 0098-3004 KW - TOUGH2 KW - petrology KW - Levenberg-Marquardt method KW - well-logging KW - geophysical methods KW - data processing KW - porous materials KW - inverse problem KW - hydrogeology KW - calibration KW - porosity KW - reservoir rocks KW - ground water KW - aquifers KW - models KW - computer programs KW - saturation KW - neutron probe data KW - mathematical methods KW - reservoir properties KW - algorithms KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 20:Applied geophysics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1008820849?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Computers+%26+Geosciences&rft.atitle=A+truncated+Levenberg-Marquardt+algorithm+for+the+calibration+of+highly+parameterized+non-linear+models&rft.au=Finsterle%2C+Stefan%3BKowalsky%2C+Michael+B&rft.aulast=Finsterle&rft.aufirst=Stefan&rft.date=2011-06-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=731&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Computers+%26+Geosciences&rft.issn=00983004&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.cageo.2010.11.005 L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=JournalURL&_cdi=5840&_auth=y&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=e5198452fad934c6346f38b57511c8e0 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 2009 TOUGH symposium N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from CAPCAS, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 28 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-07-19 N1 - CODEN - GGEOD5 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - algorithms; aquifers; calibration; computer programs; data processing; geophysical methods; ground water; hydrogeology; inverse problem; Levenberg-Marquardt method; mathematical methods; models; neutron probe data; petrology; porosity; porous materials; reservoir properties; reservoir rocks; saturation; TOUGH2; well-logging DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2010.11.005 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Error handling strategies in multiphase inverse modeling AN - 1008820845; 2012-040843 AB - Parameter estimation by inverse modeling involves the repeated evaluation of a function of residuals. These residuals represent both errors in the model and errors in the data. In practical applications of inverse modeling of multiphase flow and transport, the error structure of the final residuals often significantly deviates from the statistical assumptions that underlie standard maximum likelihood estimation using the least-squares method. Large random or systematic errors are likely to lead to convergence problems, biased parameter estimates, misleading uncertainty measures, or poor predictive capabilities of the calibrated model. The multiphase inverse modeling code iTOUGH2 supports strategies that identify and mitigate the impact of systematic or non-normal error structures. We discuss these approaches and provide an overview of the error handling features implemented in iTOUGH2. JF - Computers & Geosciences AU - Finsterle, Stefan AU - Zhang, Yingqi A2 - Moridis, G. A2 - Doughty, C. Y1 - 2011/06// PY - 2011 DA - June 2011 SP - 724 EP - 730 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 37 IS - 6 SN - 0098-3004, 0098-3004 KW - TOUGH2 KW - confined aquifers KW - statistical analysis KW - data processing KW - prediction KW - inverse problem KW - calibration KW - least-squares analysis KW - ground water KW - aquifers KW - models KW - computer programs KW - mitigation KW - errors KW - mathematical methods KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1008820845?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Computers+%26+Geosciences&rft.atitle=Error+handling+strategies+in+multiphase+inverse+modeling&rft.au=Finsterle%2C+Stefan%3BZhang%2C+Yingqi&rft.aulast=Finsterle&rft.aufirst=Stefan&rft.date=2011-06-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=724&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Computers+%26+Geosciences&rft.issn=00983004&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.cageo.2010.11.009 L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=JournalURL&_cdi=5840&_auth=y&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=e5198452fad934c6346f38b57511c8e0 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 2009 TOUGH symposium N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from CAPCAS, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 16 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GGEOD5 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifers; calibration; computer programs; confined aquifers; data processing; errors; ground water; inverse problem; least-squares analysis; mathematical methods; mitigation; models; prediction; statistical analysis; TOUGH2 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2010.11.009 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - TOUGH+CO (sub 2) ; a multiphase fluid flow simulator for CO (sub 2) geologic sequestration in saline aquifers AN - 1008820843; 2012-040842 AB - TOUGH+CO (sub 2) is a new simulator for modeling of CO (sub 2) geologic sequestration in saline aquifers. It is a member of TOUGH+, the successor to the TOUGH2 family of codes for multicomponent, multiphase fluid and heat flow simulation. The code accounts for heat and up to 3 mass components, which are partitioned into three possible phases. In the code, the thermodynamics and thermophysical properties of H (sub 2) O-NaCl-CO (sub 2) mixtures are determined based on system status and subdivided into six different phase combinations. By solving coupled mass and heat balance equations, TOUGH+CO (sub 2) can model non-isothermal or isothermal CO (sub 2) injection, phase behavior and flow of fluids and heat under typical conditions of temperature, pressure and salinity in CO (sub 2) geologic storage projects. The code takes into account effects of salt precipitation on porosity and permeability changes, and the wettability phenomena. The new simulator inherits all capabilities of TOUGH2 in handling fractured media and using unstructured meshes for complex simulation domains. The code adds additional relative permeability and capillary pressure functions. The FORTRAN 95 OOP architecture and other new language features have been extensively used to enhance memory use and computing efficiency. In addition, a domain decomposition approach has been implemented for parallel simulation. All these features lead to increased computational efficiency, and allow applicability of the code to multi-core/processor parallel computing platforms with excellent scalability. JF - Computers & Geosciences AU - Zhang, Keni AU - Moridis, George AU - Pruess, Karsten A2 - Moridis, G. A2 - Doughty, C. Y1 - 2011/06// PY - 2011 DA - June 2011 SP - 714 EP - 723 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 37 IS - 6 SN - 0098-3004, 0098-3004 KW - TOUGH2 KW - data processing KW - gas storage KW - simulation KW - layered materials KW - reservoir rocks KW - ground water KW - carbon dioxide KW - sedimentary rocks KW - mass balance KW - movement KW - thermodynamic properties KW - chemical composition KW - geochemistry KW - saline composition KW - hydrology KW - chemically precipitated rocks KW - carbon sequestration KW - three-dimensional models KW - capillarity KW - equations KW - hydrochemistry KW - evaporites KW - porosity KW - aquifers KW - models KW - computer programs KW - gas injection KW - physical properties KW - isotherms KW - precipitation KW - mathematical methods KW - reservoir properties KW - hydraulic conductivity KW - permeability KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1008820843?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Computers+%26+Geosciences&rft.atitle=TOUGH%2BCO+%28sub+2%29+%3B+a+multiphase+fluid+flow+simulator+for+CO+%28sub+2%29+geologic+sequestration+in+saline+aquifers&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Keni%3BMoridis%2C+George%3BPruess%2C+Karsten&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=Keni&rft.date=2011-06-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=714&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Computers+%26+Geosciences&rft.issn=00983004&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.cageo.2010.09.011 L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=JournalURL&_cdi=5840&_auth=y&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=e5198452fad934c6346f38b57511c8e0 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 2009 TOUGH symposium N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from CAPCAS, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 37 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GGEOD5 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifers; capillarity; carbon dioxide; carbon sequestration; chemical composition; chemically precipitated rocks; computer programs; data processing; equations; evaporites; gas injection; gas storage; geochemistry; ground water; hydraulic conductivity; hydrochemistry; hydrology; isotherms; layered materials; mass balance; mathematical methods; models; movement; permeability; physical properties; porosity; precipitation; reservoir properties; reservoir rocks; saline composition; sedimentary rocks; simulation; thermodynamic properties; three-dimensional models; TOUGH2 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2010.09.011 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - TOUGHREACT version 2.0; a simulator for subsurface reactive transport under non-isothermal multiphase flow conditions AN - 1008819663; 2012-040847 AB - TOUGHREACT is a numerical simulation program for chemically reactive non-isothermal flows of multiphase fluids in porous and fractured media, and was developed by introducing reactive chemistry into the multiphase fluid and heat flow simulator TOUGH2 V2. The first version of TOUGHREACT was released to the public through the U.S. Department of Energy's Energy Science and Technology Software Center (ESTSC) in August 2004. It is among the most frequently requested of ESTSC's codes. The code has been widely used for studies in CO (sub 2) geological sequestration, nuclear waste isolation, geothermal energy development, environmental remediation, and increasingly for petroleum applications. Over the past several years, many new capabilities have been developed, which were incorporated into Version 2 of TOUGHREACT. Major additions and improvements in Version 2 are discussed here, and two application examples are presented: (1) long-term fate of injected CO (sub 2) in a storage reservoir and (2) biogeochemical cycling of metals in mining-impacted lake sediments. JF - Computers & Geosciences AU - Xu, Tianfu AU - Spycher, Nicolas AU - Sonnenthal, Eric AU - Zhang, Guoxiang AU - Zheng, Liange AU - Pruess, Karsten A2 - Moridis, G. A2 - Doughty, C. Y1 - 2011/06// PY - 2011 DA - June 2011 SP - 763 EP - 774 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 37 IS - 6 SN - 0098-3004, 0098-3004 KW - United States KW - TOUGH2 KW - data processing KW - gas storage KW - fluid phase KW - simulation KW - reservoir rocks KW - radioactive waste KW - carbon dioxide KW - reactivity KW - geothermal systems KW - transport KW - heat flow KW - movement KW - TOUGHREACT KW - kinetics KW - geochemistry KW - Idaho KW - carbon sequestration KW - numerical models KW - acid mine drainage KW - pollutants KW - biochemistry KW - pollution KW - Lake Coeur d'Alene KW - hydrochemistry KW - Kootenai County Idaho KW - computer programs KW - geothermal reservoirs KW - Coeur d'Alene mining district KW - isotherms KW - metals KW - naturally fractured reservoirs KW - mathematical methods KW - mobilization KW - waste disposal KW - 22:Environmental geology KW - 02A:General geochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1008819663?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Computers+%26+Geosciences&rft.atitle=TOUGHREACT+version+2.0%3B+a+simulator+for+subsurface+reactive+transport+under+non-isothermal+multiphase+flow+conditions&rft.au=Xu%2C+Tianfu%3BSpycher%2C+Nicolas%3BSonnenthal%2C+Eric%3BZhang%2C+Guoxiang%3BZheng%2C+Liange%3BPruess%2C+Karsten&rft.aulast=Xu&rft.aufirst=Tianfu&rft.date=2011-06-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=763&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Computers+%26+Geosciences&rft.issn=00983004&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.cageo.2010.10.007 L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=JournalURL&_cdi=5840&_auth=y&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=e5198452fad934c6346f38b57511c8e0 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 2009 TOUGH symposium N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from CAPCAS, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 39 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 7 tables N1 - SuppNotes - Includes appendices N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GGEOD5 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - acid mine drainage; biochemistry; carbon dioxide; carbon sequestration; Coeur d'Alene mining district; computer programs; data processing; fluid phase; gas storage; geochemistry; geothermal reservoirs; geothermal systems; heat flow; hydrochemistry; Idaho; isotherms; kinetics; Kootenai County Idaho; Lake Coeur d'Alene; mathematical methods; metals; mobilization; movement; naturally fractured reservoirs; numerical models; pollutants; pollution; radioactive waste; reactivity; reservoir rocks; simulation; TOUGH2; TOUGHREACT; transport; United States; waste disposal DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2010.10.007 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Analysis Of Microbial Community Structure And Alkane Composition In Mc252 Oil Spill Using Phospholipid Fatty Acid Analysis T2 - 111th General Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology (ASM 2011) AN - 1312944385; 6038744 JF - 111th General Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology (ASM 2011) AU - Borglin, S AU - Piceno, Y AU - Joyner, D AU - Fortney, J AU - Hazen, T Y1 - 2011/05/21/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 May 21 KW - Fatty acids KW - Oil spills KW - Microbial activity KW - Phospholipids KW - Alkanes KW - Community structure KW - Community composition UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312944385?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=111th+General+Meeting+of+the+American+Society+for+Microbiology+%28ASM+2011%29&rft.atitle=Analysis+Of+Microbial+Community+Structure+And+Alkane+Composition+In+Mc252+Oil+Spill+Using+Phospholipid+Fatty+Acid+Analysis&rft.au=Borglin%2C+S%3BPiceno%2C+Y%3BJoyner%2C+D%3BFortney%2C+J%3BHazen%2C+T&rft.aulast=Borglin&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2011-05-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=111th+General+Meeting+of+the+American+Society+for+Microbiology+%28ASM+2011%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.abstractsonline.com/plan/Browse.aspx LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Topological Data Analysis of PhyloChip Assay Hybridization Scores Reveals Community Shift in Deep-Sea Oil Plume T2 - 111th General Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology (ASM 2011) AN - 1312935146; 6038758 JF - 111th General Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology (ASM 2011) AU - Desantis, T AU - Lum, P AU - Piceno, Y AU - Dubinski, E AU - Tom, L AU - Singh, G AU - Carlsson, G AU - Andersen, G Y1 - 2011/05/21/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 May 21 KW - Plumes KW - Oil KW - Data processing KW - Hybridization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312935146?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=111th+General+Meeting+of+the+American+Society+for+Microbiology+%28ASM+2011%29&rft.atitle=Topological+Data+Analysis+of+PhyloChip+Assay+Hybridization+Scores+Reveals+Community+Shift+in+Deep-Sea+Oil+Plume&rft.au=Desantis%2C+T%3BLum%2C+P%3BPiceno%2C+Y%3BDubinski%2C+E%3BTom%2C+L%3BSingh%2C+G%3BCarlsson%2C+G%3BAndersen%2C+G&rft.aulast=Desantis&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2011-05-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=111th+General+Meeting+of+the+American+Society+for+Microbiology+%28ASM+2011%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.abstractsonline.com/plan/Browse.aspx LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparing Photosynthetic and Photovoltaic Efficiencies and Recognizing the Potential for Improvement AN - 1777115206; 14873174 AB - Comparing photosynthetic and photovoltaic efficiencies is not a simple issue. Although both processes harvest the energy in sunlight, they operate in distinctly different ways and produce different types of products: biomass or chemical fuels in the case of natural photosynthesis and nonstored electrical current in the case of photovoltaics. In order to find common ground for evaluating energy-conversion efficiency, we compare natural photosynthesis with present technologies for photovoltaic-driven electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen. Photovoltaic-driven electrolysis is the more efficient process when measured on an annual basis, yet short-term yields for photosynthetic conversion under optimal conditions come within a factor of 2 or 3 of the photovoltaic benchmark. We consider opportunities in which the frontiers of synthetic biology might be used to enhance natural photosynthesis for improved solar energy conversion efficiency. JF - Science (Washington) AU - Blankenship, Robert E AU - Tiede, David M AU - Barber, James AU - Brudvig, Gary W AU - Fleming, Graham AU - Ghirardi, Maria AU - Gunner, M R AU - Junge, Wolfgang AU - Kramer, David M AU - Melis, Anastasios AU - Moore, Thomas A AU - Moser, Christopher C AU - Nocera, Daniel G AU - Nozik, Arthur J AU - Ort, Donald R AU - Parson, William W AU - Prince, Roger C AU - Sayre, Richard T AD - Departments of Biology and Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA. Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA. Division of Molecular Biosciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK. Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8107, USA. Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, and Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA. Department of Physics, City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA. Division of Biophysics, University of Osnabrueck, D-49069 Osnabrueck, Germany. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and DOE-Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA. Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3102, USA. Department of Chemistry and Bioche Y1 - 2011/05/13/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 May 13 SP - 805 EP - 809 PB - American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1200 New York Avenue, NW Washington DC 20005 USA VL - 332 IS - 6031 SN - 0036-8075, 0036-8075 KW - Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts (SO); Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN) KW - Photosynthesis KW - Chemical fuels KW - Solar cells KW - Electrolysis KW - Conversion KW - Photovoltaic cells KW - Optimization KW - Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1777115206?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science+%28Washington%29&rft.atitle=Comparing+Photosynthetic+and+Photovoltaic+Efficiencies+and+Recognizing+the+Potential+for+Improvement&rft.au=Blankenship%2C+Robert+E%3BTiede%2C+David+M%3BBarber%2C+James%3BBrudvig%2C+Gary+W%3BFleming%2C+Graham%3BGhirardi%2C+Maria%3BGunner%2C+M+R%3BJunge%2C+Wolfgang%3BKramer%2C+David+M%3BMelis%2C+Anastasios%3BMoore%2C+Thomas+A%3BMoser%2C+Christopher+C%3BNocera%2C+Daniel+G%3BNozik%2C+Arthur+J%3BOrt%2C+Donald+R%3BParson%2C+William+W%3BPrince%2C+Roger+C%3BSayre%2C+Richard+T&rft.aulast=Blankenship&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2011-05-13&rft.volume=332&rft.issue=6031&rft.spage=805&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Science+%28Washington%29&rft.issn=00368075&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Engineering microbial biofuel tolerance and export using efflux pumps. AN - 866046832; 21556065 AB - Many compounds being considered as candidates for advanced biofuels are toxic to microorganisms. This introduces an undesirable trade-off when engineering metabolic pathways for biofuel production because the engineered microbes must balance production against survival. Cellular export systems, such as efflux pumps, provide a direct mechanism for reducing biofuel toxicity. To identify novel biofuel pumps, we used bioinformatics to generate a list of all efflux pumps from sequenced bacterial genomes and prioritized a subset of targets for cloning. The resulting library of 43 pumps was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli, where we tested it against seven representative biofuels. By using a competitive growth assay, we efficiently distinguished pumps that improved survival. For two of the fuels (n-butanol and isopentanol), none of the pumps improved tolerance. For all other fuels, we identified pumps that restored growth in the presence of biofuel. We then tested a beneficial pump directly in a production strain and demonstrated that it improved biofuel yields. Our findings introduce new tools for engineering production strains and utilize the increasingly large database of sequenced genomes. JF - Molecular systems biology AU - Dunlop, Mary J AU - Dossani, Zain Y AU - Szmidt, Heather L AU - Chu, Hou Cheng AU - Lee, Taek Soon AU - Keasling, Jay D AU - Hadi, Masood Z AU - Mukhopadhyay, Aindrila AD - Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA. Y1 - 2011/05/10/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 May 10 SP - 487 VL - 7 KW - Biofuels KW - 0 KW - Membrane Transport Proteins KW - Pentanols KW - 1-Butanol KW - 8PJ61P6TS3 KW - isopentyl alcohol KW - DEM9NIT1J4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Metabolic Networks and Pathways KW - Microarray Analysis KW - Computational Biology KW - Escherichia coli -- metabolism KW - 1-Butanol -- toxicity KW - Escherichia coli -- genetics KW - Genetic Engineering -- methods KW - Biofuels -- toxicity KW - Pentanols -- toxicity KW - Pentanols -- metabolism KW - 1-Butanol -- metabolism KW - Escherichia coli -- growth & development KW - Membrane Transport Proteins -- metabolism KW - Membrane Transport Proteins -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/866046832?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+systems+biology&rft.atitle=Engineering+microbial+biofuel+tolerance+and+export+using+efflux+pumps.&rft.au=Dunlop%2C+Mary+J%3BDossani%2C+Zain+Y%3BSzmidt%2C+Heather+L%3BChu%2C+Hou+Cheng%3BLee%2C+Taek+Soon%3BKeasling%2C+Jay+D%3BHadi%2C+Masood+Z%3BMukhopadhyay%2C+Aindrila&rft.aulast=Dunlop&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft.date=2011-05-10&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=&rft.spage=487&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+systems+biology&rft.issn=1744-4292&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fmsb.2011.21 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2011-09-07 N1 - Date created - 2011-05-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-17 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Bacteriol. 2000 Jun;182(11):3142-50 [10809693] Mol Syst Biol. 2010 Dec 21;6:449 [21179021] Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 2000 Dec;64(4):672-93 [11104814] Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2000 Nov;54(5):711-4 [11131400] J Bacteriol. 2001 Jul;183(13):3967-73 [11395460] Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol. 2002;74:239-59 [11991182] Annu Rev Microbiol. 2002;56:743-68 [12142492] J Bacteriol. 2002 Dec;184(23):6490-8 [12426336] J Biol Chem. 2003 Jan 24;278(4):2085-8 [12460990] Extremophiles. 2003 Oct;7(5):371-6 [12743835] J Biol Chem. 1998 Jan 2;273(1):85-91 [9417051] Extremophiles. 1998 Aug;2(3):229-38 [9783170] J Bacteriol. 1998 Dec;180(24):6769-72 [9852029] Science. 2006 Dec 8;314(5805):1565-8 [17158319] Nat Methods. 2007 Jan;4(1):87-93 [17099705] Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol. 2007;108:237-61 [17665158] Nature. 2008 Jan 3;451(7174):86-9 [18172501] Metab Eng. 2008 Nov;10(6):295-304 [18655844] Nat Biotechnol. 2009 Apr;27(4):369-77 [19349972] Biochim Biophys Acta. 2009 May;1794(5):769-81 [19026770] Biotechnol J. 2010 Feb;5(2):147-62 [20084640] Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2010 May;54(5):1800-6 [20160052] J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol. 1999 Aug;1(1):107-25 [10941792] N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-22 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/msb.2011.21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A conductivity relationship for steady-state unsaturated flow processes under optimal flow conditions AN - 916838793; 2012-012467 AB - Optimality principles have been used to investigate physical processes in different areas. This work applied an optimal principle (that water flow resistance is minimized for the entire flow domain) to steady-state unsaturated flow processes. Based on the calculus of variations, under optimal conditions, hydraulic conductivity for steady-state, gravity-dominated unsaturated flow is proportional to a power function of the magnitude of water flux. This relationship is consistent with an intuitive expectation that for an optimal water flow system, locations where relatively large water fluxes occur should correspond to relatively small resistance (or large conductance). This theoretical result was also consistent with observed fingering-flow behavior in unsaturated soils and an existing model. JF - Vadose Zone Journal AU - Liu, Hui-Hai Y1 - 2011/05// PY - 2011 DA - May 2011 SP - 736 EP - 740 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 10 IS - 2 KW - processes KW - models KW - movement KW - mathematical methods KW - steady-state processes KW - unsaturated zone KW - optimization KW - hydraulic conductivity KW - ground water KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/916838793?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vadose+Zone+Journal&rft.atitle=A+conductivity+relationship+for+steady-state+unsaturated+flow+processes+under+optimal+flow+conditions&rft.au=Liu%2C+Hui-Hai&rft.aulast=Liu&rft.aufirst=Hui-Hai&rft.date=2011-05-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=736&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vadose+Zone+Journal&rft.issn=1539-1663&rft_id=info:doi/10.2136%2Fvzj2010.0118 L2 - http://www.vadosezonejournal.org LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Abstract, Copyright, Soil Science Society of America | Reference includes data from GeoScienceWorld, Alexandria, VA, United States N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 21 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - ground water; hydraulic conductivity; mathematical methods; models; movement; optimization; processes; steady-state processes; unsaturated zone DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/vzj2010.0118 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ecosystem Feedbacks to Climate Change in California: Development, Testing, and Analysis Using a Coupled Regional Atmosphere and Land Surface Model (WRF3-CLM3.5) AN - 902372694; 15791897 JF - Earth Interactions AU - Subin, Z M AU - Riley, W J AU - Jin, J AU - Christianson, D S AU - Torn AD - Energy and Resources Group, University of California, Berkeley, and Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California Y1 - 2011/05// PY - 2011 DA - May 2011 SP - 1 EP - 38 PB - American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St. Boston MA 02108-3693 United States VL - 15 IS - 15 SN - 1087-3562, 1087-3562 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Regional climate model KW - Afforestation KW - Climate-ecosystem feedbacks KW - Temperature changes KW - Climate models KW - air temperature KW - Climate change KW - Temperature KW - Vegetation KW - Snow cover KW - Atmosphere KW - Boundary conditions KW - vegetation changes KW - Climate and vegetation KW - Numerical simulations KW - natural vegetation KW - Fluid dynamics KW - summer KW - USA, California KW - Future climates KW - M2 551.583:Variations (551.583) KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/902372694?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Earth+Interactions&rft.atitle=Ecosystem+Feedbacks+to+Climate+Change+in+California%3A+Development%2C+Testing%2C+and+Analysis+Using+a+Coupled+Regional+Atmosphere+and+Land+Surface+Model+%28WRF3-CLM3.5%29&rft.au=Subin%2C+Z+M%3BRiley%2C+W+J%3BJin%2C+J%3BChristianson%2C+D+S%3BTorn&rft.aulast=Subin&rft.aufirst=Z&rft.date=2011-05-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=15&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Earth+Interactions&rft.issn=10873562&rft_id=info:doi/10.1175%2F2010EI331.1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-11-01 N1 - Number of references - 106 N1 - Last updated - 2016-07-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature changes; Climate and vegetation; Climate models; Numerical simulations; Climate change; Fluid dynamics; Snow cover; Boundary conditions; Future climates; air temperature; natural vegetation; Afforestation; Temperature; summer; Vegetation; Atmosphere; vegetation changes; USA, California DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010EI331.1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phased array compaction cell for measurement of the transversely isotropic elastic properties of compacting sediments AN - 898201978; 2011-088128 AB - Sediments undergoing compaction typically exhibit transversely isotropic (TI) elastic properties. We present a new experimental apparatus, the phased array compaction cell, for measuring the TI elastic properties of clay-rich sediments during compaction. This apparatus uses matched sets of P- and S-wave ultrasonic transducers located along the sides of the sample and an ultrasonic P-wave phased array source, together with a miniature P-wave receiver on the top and bottom ends of the sample. The phased array measurements are used to form plane P-waves that provide estimates of the phase velocities over a range of angles. From these measurements, the five TI elastic constants can be recovered as the sediment is compacted, without the need for sample unloading, recoring, or reorienting. This paper provides descriptions of the apparatus, the data processing, and an application demonstrating recovery of the evolving TI properties of a compacting marine sediment sample. JF - Geophysics AU - Nihei, Kurt T AU - Nakagawa, Seiji AU - Reverdy, Frederic AU - Myer, Larry R AU - Duranti, Luca AU - Ball, Greg AU - Bona, Andrej AU - Gurevich, Boris AU - Pervukhina, Marina Y1 - 2011/05// PY - 2011 DA - May 2011 SP - WA113 EP - WA123 PB - Society of Exploration Geophysicists, Tulsa, OK VL - 76 IS - 3 SN - 0016-8033, 0016-8033 KW - soil mechanics KW - P-waves KW - body waves KW - experimental studies KW - transverse isotropy KW - elastic properties KW - techniques KW - elastic waves KW - ultrasonic methods KW - measurement KW - compaction KW - laboratory studies KW - physical properties KW - sediments KW - seismic waves KW - S-waves KW - instruments KW - design KW - arrays KW - acoustical waves KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/898201978?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geophysics&rft.atitle=Phased+array+compaction+cell+for+measurement+of+the+transversely+isotropic+elastic+properties+of+compacting+sediments&rft.au=Nihei%2C+Kurt+T%3BNakagawa%2C+Seiji%3BReverdy%2C+Frederic%3BMyer%2C+Larry+R%3BDuranti%2C+Luca%3BBall%2C+Greg%3BBona%2C+Andrej%3BGurevich%2C+Boris%3BPervukhina%2C+Marina&rft.aulast=Nihei&rft.aufirst=Kurt&rft.date=2011-05-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=WA113&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geophysics&rft.issn=00168033&rft_id=info:doi/10.1190%2F1.3567160 L2 - http://library.seg.org/journal/gpysa7 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2013, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by Society of Exploration Geophysicists, Tulsa, OK, United States N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 29 N1 - PubXState - OK N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2013-06-13 N1 - CODEN - GPYSA7 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - acoustical waves; arrays; body waves; compaction; design; elastic properties; elastic waves; experimental studies; instruments; laboratory studies; measurement; P-waves; physical properties; S-waves; sediments; seismic waves; soil mechanics; techniques; transverse isotropy; ultrasonic methods DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.3567160 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - 3D induced-polarization data inversion for complex resistivity AN - 898161488; 2011-088166 AB - The conductive and capacitive material properties of the subsurface can be quantified through the frequency-dependent complex resistivity. However, the routine three-dimensional (3D) interpretation of voluminous induced polarization (IP) data sets still poses a challenge due to large computational demands and solution nonuniqueness. We have developed a flexible methodology for 3D (spectral) IP data inversion. Our inversion algorithm is adapted from a frequency-domain electromagnetic (EM) inversion method primarily developed for large-scale hydrocarbon and geothermal energy exploration purposes. The method has proven to be efficient by implementing the nonlinear conjugate gradient method with hierarchical parallelism and by using an optimal finite-difference forward modeling mesh design scheme. The method allows for a large range of survey scales, providing a tool for both exploration and environmental applications. We experimented with an image focusing technique to improve the poor depth resolution of surface data sets with small survey spreads. The algorithm's underlying forward modeling operator properly accounts for EM coupling effects; thus, traditionally used EM coupling correction procedures are not needed. The methodology was applied to both synthetic and field data. We tested the benefit of directly inverting EM coupling contaminated data using a synthetic large-scale exploration data set. Afterward, we further tested the monitoring capability of our method by inverting time-lapse data from an environmental remediation experiment near Rifle, Colorado. Similar trends observed in both our solution and another 2D inversion were in accordance with previous findings about the IP effects due to subsurface microbial activity. JF - Geophysics AU - Commer, Michael AU - Newman, Gregory A AU - Williams, Kenneth H AU - Hubbard, Susan S Y1 - 2011/05// PY - 2011 DA - May 2011 SP - F157 EP - F171 PB - Society of Exploration Geophysicists, Tulsa, OK VL - 76 IS - 3 SN - 0016-8033, 0016-8033 KW - United States KW - experimental studies KW - numerical models KW - geophysical surveys KW - Garfield County Colorado KW - three-dimensional models KW - finite difference analysis KW - data acquisition KW - geophysical methods KW - data processing KW - resistivity KW - frequency domain analysis KW - Rifle Colorado KW - Maxwell's equations KW - mathematical methods KW - electromagnetic methods KW - surveys KW - induced polarization KW - Colorado KW - 20:Applied geophysics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/898161488?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geophysics&rft.atitle=3D+induced-polarization+data+inversion+for+complex+resistivity&rft.au=Commer%2C+Michael%3BNewman%2C+Gregory+A%3BWilliams%2C+Kenneth+H%3BHubbard%2C+Susan+S&rft.aulast=Commer&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=2011-05-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=F157&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geophysics&rft.issn=00168033&rft_id=info:doi/10.1190%2F1.3560156 L2 - http://library.seg.org/journal/gpysa7 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2013, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by Society of Exploration Geophysicists, Tulsa, OK, United States N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 34 N1 - PubXState - OK N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. tables N1 - SuppNotes - Includes appendices N1 - Last updated - 2013-05-16 N1 - CODEN - GPYSA7 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Colorado; data acquisition; data processing; electromagnetic methods; experimental studies; finite difference analysis; frequency domain analysis; Garfield County Colorado; geophysical methods; geophysical surveys; induced polarization; mathematical methods; Maxwell's equations; numerical models; resistivity; Rifle Colorado; surveys; three-dimensional models; United States DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.3560156 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of amorphous silica layer formation on the dissolution rate of olivine at 90 degrees C and elevated pCO (sub 2) AN - 881451811; 2011-062670 AB - For mitigating against rising levels of atmospheric CO (sub 2) , carbonation of M (super 2+) -bearing silicates has been proposed as a possible option for sequestering CO (sub 2) over long time spans. Due to its rapid far-from-equilibrium dissolution rate and its widespread occurrence in mafic and ultramafic rocks, olivine has been suggested as a potentially good candidate for achieving this goal, although the efficacy of the carbonation reaction still needs to be assessed. With this as a goal, the present study aims at measuring the carbonation rate of San Carlos olivine in batch experiments at 90 degrees C and pCO (sub 2) of 20 and 25 MPa. When the reaction was initiated in pure water, the kinetics of olivine dissolution was controlled by the degree of saturation of the bulk solution with respect to amorphous silica. This yet unrecognized effect for olivine was responsible for a decrease of the dissolution rate by over two orders of magnitude. In long-term (45 days) carbonation experiments with a high surface area to solution volume ratio (SA/V = 24,600 m (super -1) ), the final composition of the solution was close to equilibrium with respect to SiO (sub 2) (am), independent of the initial concentration of dissolved salts (NaCl and NaClO (sub 4) , ranging between 0 and 1 m), and with an aqueous Mg/Si ratio close to that of olivine. No secondary phase other than a ubiquitous thin (< or =40 nm), Si-rich amorphous layer was observed. These results are at odds with classic kinetic modeling of the process. Due to experimental uncertainties, it was not possible to determine precisely the dissolution rate of olivine after 45 days, but the long term alteration of olivine was indirectly estimated to be at least 4 orders of magnitude slower than predicted. Taken together, these results suggest that the formation of amorphous silica layers plays an important role in controlling the rate of olivine dissolution by passivating the surface of olivine, an effect which has yet to be quantified and incorporated into standard reactive-transport codes. JF - Chemical Geology AU - Daval, D AU - Sissmann, Olivier AU - Menguy, N AU - Saldi, G D AU - Guyot, F AU - Martinez, Isabelle AU - Corvisier, J AU - Garcia, Bruno AU - Machouk, Imene AU - Knauss, K G AU - Hellmann, R Y1 - 2011/05// PY - 2011 DA - May 2011 SP - 193 EP - 209 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 284 IS - 1-2 SN - 0009-2541, 0009-2541 KW - silicates KW - magnesium KW - X-ray diffraction data KW - igneous rocks KW - mafic composition KW - olivine group KW - fluid phase KW - ultramafic composition KW - layered materials KW - temperature KW - carbon dioxide KW - air pollution KW - mitigation KW - chemical reactions KW - water-rock interaction KW - phase equilibria KW - olivine KW - orthosilicates KW - geochemistry KW - chemical ratios KW - P-T conditions KW - bedrock KW - alkaline earth metals KW - experimental studies KW - amorphous materials KW - pollutants KW - carbonatization KW - pollution KW - free energy KW - solubility KW - TEM data KW - nesosilicates KW - metals KW - crystal chemistry KW - SEM data KW - 01B:Mineralogy of silicates KW - 02A:General geochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/881451811?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemical+Geology&rft.atitle=Influence+of+amorphous+silica+layer+formation+on+the+dissolution+rate+of+olivine+at+90+degrees+C+and+elevated+pCO+%28sub+2%29&rft.au=Daval%2C+D%3BSissmann%2C+Olivier%3BMenguy%2C+N%3BSaldi%2C+G+D%3BGuyot%2C+F%3BMartinez%2C+Isabelle%3BCorvisier%2C+J%3BGarcia%2C+Bruno%3BMachouk%2C+Imene%3BKnauss%2C+K+G%3BHellmann%2C+R&rft.aulast=Daval&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2011-05-01&rft.volume=284&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=193&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemical+Geology&rft.issn=00092541&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.chemgeo.2011.02.021 L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00092541 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from CAPCAS, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 85 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 4 tables N1 - SuppNotes - Includes appendices N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - CHGEAD N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - air pollution; alkaline earth metals; amorphous materials; bedrock; carbon dioxide; carbonatization; chemical ratios; chemical reactions; crystal chemistry; experimental studies; fluid phase; free energy; geochemistry; igneous rocks; layered materials; mafic composition; magnesium; metals; mitigation; nesosilicates; olivine; olivine group; orthosilicates; P-T conditions; phase equilibria; pollutants; pollution; SEM data; silicates; solubility; TEM data; temperature; ultramafic composition; water-rock interaction; X-ray diffraction data DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.02.021 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dose-response relationship between walking and the attenuation of inherited weight AN - 881449390; 201115347 AB - Genetic factors account for 40%-70% of the variation in body mass index (BMI). We sought to test whether moderate intensity physical activity affected parent-offspring relationships for body mass index and regional adiposity in 26,587 female and 6428 male walkers surveyed in the United States in 2000. Methods: Survey questionnaires provided self-reported usual walking distance, height, weight, and waist circumference, and mother's and father's adiposity (1 = lean, 2 = normal, 3 = overweight, and 4 = very overweight). Regression analyses were used to test whether the contribution of parental adiposities to the walkers' body mass indexes and waist circumferences diminished with walking. Results: In the most sedentary group (walking < 1.5 km/d), average parental adiposity was a significant determinant of the walkers' body mass indexes and waist circumferences (female: P < 10[super]-15; male: P < 10[super]-13). Greater walking distance significantly diminished the effect of average parents' adiposity on the walkers' body mass indexes (female: P < 10[super]-10; male P = 0.003) and waist circumferences (female: P < 10[super]-6; male P = 0.01). Compared to the most sedentary female walkers, the effect of parental adiposity was reduced 36% for body mass indexes and 41% for waist circumferences (corresponding reductions in men were 36% and 46%, respectively). Conclusion: These results suggest that moderate intensity physical activity attenuates inheritance of both total and regional adiposity in a dose-dependent manner. [Copyright Elsevier B.V.] JF - Preventive Medicine AU - Williams, Paul T AD - Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Donner Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA ptwilliams@lbl.gov Y1 - 2011/05/01/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 May 01 SP - 293 EP - 299 PB - Elsevier Ltd, The Netherlands VL - 52 IS - 5 SN - 0091-7435, 0091-7435 KW - Gene-environment Physical activity Prevention Obesity KW - Waist KW - Sedentary KW - Physical activity KW - Walking KW - Body Mass Index KW - Parents KW - article UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/881449390?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aassia&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Preventive+Medicine&rft.atitle=Dose-response+relationship+between+walking+and+the+attenuation+of+inherited+weight&rft.au=Williams%2C+Paul+T&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.date=2011-05-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=293&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Preventive+Medicine&rft.issn=00917435&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.ypmed.2011.03.008 LA - English DB - Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA) N1 - Date revised - 2011-08-04 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Body Mass Index; Walking; Waist; Parents; Physical activity; Sedentary DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2011.03.008 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Factors governing sustainable groundwater pumping near a river AN - 875055912; 2011-056907 JF - Ground Water AU - Zhang, Yingqi AU - Hubbard, Susan AU - Finsterle, Stefan Y1 - 2011/05// PY - 2011 DA - May 2011 SP - 432 EP - 444 PB - Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of National Ground Water Association, Westerville, OH VL - 49 IS - 3 SN - 0017-467X, 0017-467X KW - United States KW - water quality KW - embankments KW - clogging KW - water management KW - unsaturated zone KW - Russian River KW - drinking water KW - ground water KW - California KW - pump tests KW - river banks KW - dynamics KW - sensitivity analysis KW - filtration KW - dams KW - hydrodynamics KW - storms KW - depositional environment KW - Sonoma County California KW - numerical models KW - Mendocino County California KW - sedimentation KW - aquifers KW - case studies KW - riparian environment KW - saturation KW - fine-grained materials KW - sustainable development KW - water resources KW - permeability KW - Santa Rosa Plain KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/875055912?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ground+Water&rft.atitle=Factors+governing+sustainable+groundwater+pumping+near+a+river&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Yingqi%3BHubbard%2C+Susan%3BFinsterle%2C+Stefan&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=Yingqi&rft.date=2011-05-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=432&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ground+Water&rft.issn=0017467X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1745-6584.2010.00743.x L2 - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1745-6584 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, United Kingdom N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 35 N1 - PubXState - OH N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2016-10-25 N1 - CODEN - GRWAAP N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifers; California; case studies; clogging; dams; depositional environment; drinking water; dynamics; embankments; filtration; fine-grained materials; ground water; hydrodynamics; Mendocino County California; numerical models; permeability; pump tests; riparian environment; river banks; Russian River; Santa Rosa Plain; saturation; sedimentation; sensitivity analysis; Sonoma County California; storms; sustainable development; United States; unsaturated zone; water management; water quality; water resources DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2010.00743.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hydrogeology, chemical and microbial activity measurement through deep permafrost AN - 875012842; 2011-056900 JF - Ground Water AU - Stotler, Randy L AU - Frape, Shaun K AU - Freifeld, Barry M AU - Holden, Brian AU - Onstott, Tullis C AU - Ruskeeniemi, Timo AU - Chan, Eric Y1 - 2011/05// PY - 2011 DA - May 2011 SP - 348 EP - 364 PB - Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of National Ground Water Association, Westerville, OH VL - 49 IS - 3 SN - 0017-467X, 0017-467X KW - permafrost KW - halogens KW - watersheds KW - hydrogeology KW - fluid dynamics KW - reduction KW - hydrology KW - mines KW - alkanes KW - measurement KW - organic compounds KW - Canada KW - Cl-37/Cl-35 KW - brines KW - lacustrine environment KW - hydrocarbons KW - hydraulic conductivity KW - microorganisms KW - fractured materials KW - oxygen KW - isotopes KW - aliphatic hydrocarbons KW - salinity KW - stable isotopes KW - ground water KW - sampling KW - ice KW - Nunavut KW - High Lake KW - chemical properties KW - oxides KW - ecology KW - chemical composition KW - Lupin Mine KW - geochemistry KW - chlorine KW - bedrock KW - methane KW - sulfates KW - isotope ratios KW - Kennearctic River KW - pollution KW - rates KW - O-18/O-16 KW - hydrochemistry KW - aquifers KW - bacteria KW - Western Canada KW - uraninite KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/875012842?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ground+Water&rft.atitle=Hydrogeology%2C+chemical+and+microbial+activity+measurement+through+deep+permafrost&rft.au=Stotler%2C+Randy+L%3BFrape%2C+Shaun+K%3BFreifeld%2C+Barry+M%3BHolden%2C+Brian%3BOnstott%2C+Tullis+C%3BRuskeeniemi%2C+Timo%3BChan%2C+Eric&rft.aulast=Stotler&rft.aufirst=Randy&rft.date=2011-05-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=348&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ground+Water&rft.issn=0017467X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1745-6584.2010.00724.x L2 - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1745-6584 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, United Kingdom N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 68 N1 - PubXState - OH N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 4 tables, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2016-10-25 N1 - CODEN - GRWAAP N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aliphatic hydrocarbons; alkanes; aquifers; bacteria; bedrock; brines; Canada; chemical composition; chemical properties; chlorine; Cl-37/Cl-35; ecology; fluid dynamics; fractured materials; geochemistry; ground water; halogens; High Lake; hydraulic conductivity; hydrocarbons; hydrochemistry; hydrogeology; hydrology; ice; isotope ratios; isotopes; Kennearctic River; lacustrine environment; Lupin Mine; measurement; methane; microorganisms; mines; Nunavut; O-18/O-16; organic compounds; oxides; oxygen; permafrost; pollution; rates; reduction; salinity; sampling; stable isotopes; sulfates; uraninite; watersheds; Western Canada DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2010.00724.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Seawater nutrient and carbonate ion concentrations recorded as P/Ca, Ba/Ca, and U/Ca in the deep-sea coral Desmophyllum dianthus AN - 869790086; 2011-050271 AB - As paleoceanographic archives, deep sea coral skeletons offer the potential for high temporal resolution and precise absolute dating, but have not been fully investigated for geochemical reconstructions of past ocean conditions. Here we assess the utility of skeletal P/Ca, Ba/Ca and U/Ca in the deep sea coral D. dianthus as proxies of dissolved phosphate (remineralized at shallow depths), dissolved barium (trace element with silicate-type distribution) and carbonate ion concentrations, respectively. Measurements of these proxies in globally distributed D. dianthus specimens show clear dependence on corresponding seawater properties. Linear regression fits of mean coral Element/Ca ratios against seawater properties yield the equations: P/Ca (sub coral) (mu mol/mol)=(0.6+ or -0.1) P/Ca (sub sw) (mu mol/mol)-(23+ or -18), R (super 2) =0.6, n=16 and Ba/Ca (sub coral) (mu mol/mol)=(1.4+ or -0.3) Ba/Ca (sub sw) (mu mol/mol)+(0+ or -2), R (super 2) =0.6, n=17; no significant relationship is observed between the residuals of each regression and seawater temperature, salinity, pressure, pH or carbonate ion concentrations, suggesting that these variables were not significant secondary dependencies of these proxies. Four D. dianthus specimens growing at locations with Omega (sub arag) =<0.6 displayed markedly depleted P/Ca compared to the regression based on the remaining samples, a behavior attributed to an undersaturation effect. These corals were excluded from the calibration. Coral U/Ca correlates with seawater carbonate ion: U/Ca (sub coral) (mu mol/mol)=(-0.016+ or -0.003) [CO (sub 3) (super 2-) ] (mu mol/kg)+(3.2+ or -0.3), R (super 2) =0.6, n=17. The residuals of the U/Ca calibration are not significantly related to temperature, salinity, or pressure. Scatter about the linear calibration lines is attributed to imperfect spatial-temporal matches between the selected globally distributed specimens and available water column chemical data, and potentially to unresolved additional effects. The uncertainties of these initial proxy calibration regressions predict that dissolved phosphate could be reconstructed to + or -0.4mu mol/kg (for 1.3-1.9mu mol/kg phosphate), and dissolved Ba to + or -19nmol/kg (for 41-82nmol/kgBa (sub sw) ). Carbonate ion concentration derived from U/Ca has an uncertainty of + or -31mu mol/kg (for 60-120mu mol/kg CO (sub 3) (super 2-) ). The effect of microskeletal variability on P/Ca, Ba/Ca, and U/Ca was also assessed, with emphasis on centers of calcification, Fe-Mn phases, and external contaminants. Overall, the results show strong potential for reconstructing aspects of water mass mixing and biogeochemical processes in intermediate and deep waters using fossil deep-sea corals. JF - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta AU - Anagnostou, Eleni AU - Sherrell, Robert M AU - Gagnon, Alex AU - LaVigne, Michele AU - Field, M Paul AU - McDonough, William F Y1 - 2011/05// PY - 2011 DA - May 2011 SP - 2529 EP - 2543 PB - Elsevier, New York, NY VL - 75 IS - 9 SN - 0016-7037, 0016-7037 KW - calcium KW - sea water KW - mass spectra KW - calibration KW - deep-sea environment KW - salinity KW - Desmophyllum KW - barium KW - mixing KW - Anthozoa KW - Invertebrata KW - spectra KW - chemical composition KW - geochemistry KW - chemical ratios KW - P-T conditions KW - processes KW - alkaline earth metals KW - carbonate ion KW - biochemistry KW - phosphorus KW - properties KW - equations KW - hydrochemistry KW - nutrients KW - ICP mass spectra KW - Desmophyllum dianthus KW - organic compounds KW - paleoenvironment KW - metals KW - marine environment KW - mathematical methods KW - uranium KW - reconstruction KW - fossils KW - Cnidaria KW - carbonates KW - actinides KW - 02B:Hydrochemistry KW - 07:Oceanography UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/869790086?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geochimica+et+Cosmochimica+Acta&rft.atitle=Seawater+nutrient+and+carbonate+ion+concentrations+recorded+as+P%2FCa%2C+Ba%2FCa%2C+and+U%2FCa+in+the+deep-sea+coral+Desmophyllum+dianthus&rft.au=Anagnostou%2C+Eleni%3BSherrell%2C+Robert+M%3BGagnon%2C+Alex%3BLaVigne%2C+Michele%3BField%2C+M+Paul%3BMcDonough%2C+William+F&rft.aulast=Anagnostou&rft.aufirst=Eleni&rft.date=2011-05-01&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=2529&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geochimica+et+Cosmochimica+Acta&rft.issn=00167037&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.gca.2011.02.019 L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00167037 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from CAPCAS, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 96 N1 - PubXState - NY N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables N1 - SuppNotes - Includes appendices N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GCACAK N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - actinides; alkaline earth metals; Anthozoa; barium; biochemistry; calcium; calibration; carbonate ion; carbonates; chemical composition; chemical ratios; Cnidaria; deep-sea environment; Desmophyllum; Desmophyllum dianthus; equations; fossils; geochemistry; hydrochemistry; ICP mass spectra; Invertebrata; marine environment; mass spectra; mathematical methods; metals; mixing; nutrients; organic compounds; P-T conditions; paleoenvironment; phosphorus; processes; properties; reconstruction; salinity; sea water; spectra; uranium DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2011.02.019 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Metabolic stability of 6,7-dialkoxy-4-(2-, 3- and 4-[[super]18F]fluoroanilino)quinazolines, potential EGFR imaging probes AN - 867749659; 14783698 AB - Epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR), upregulated in many tumor types, have been a target for therapeutic development and molecular imaging. The objective of this study was to evaluate the distribution and metabolic characteristics of fluorine-18 labeled anilinoquinazolines as potential imaging agents for EGFR tyrosine kinase expression. Fluorine-18 labeled fluoronitrobenzenes were prepared by reaction of potassium cryptand [[super]18F]fluoride with 1,2- and 1,4-dinitrobenzenes, and 3-nitro-N,N,N-trimethylanilinium triflate in 5 min. Decay-corrected radiochemical yields of [[super]18F]fluoride incorporation into the nitro-aromatic compounds were 81 +/- 2%, 44 +/- 4% and 77 +/- 5% (n = 3-5) for the 2-, 3- and 4-fluoro isomers, respectively. Sodium borohydride reduction to the corresponding [[super]18F]fluoroanilines was achieved with greater than 80% conversion in 5 min. Coupling of [[super]18F]fluoroaniline-hydrochlorides to 6,7-dimethoxy-4-chloro-quinazoline gave the corresponding 6,7-dimethoxy-4-(2-, 3- and 4-[[super]18F]fluoroanilino)quinazolines in 31 +/- 5%, 17 +/- 2% and 55 +/- 2% radiochemical yield, respectively, while coupling to the 6,7-diethoxy-4-chloro-quinazoline produced 6,7-diethoxy-4-(2-, 3- and 4-[[super]18F]fluoroanilino)quinazolines in 19 +/- 6%, 9 +/- 3% and 36 +/- 6% radiochemical yield, respectively, in 90 min to end of synthesis from [[super]18F]fluoride. Biodistribution of 2- and 4-[[super]18F]fluoroanilinoquinazolines was conducted in tumor-bearing mice (MDA-MB-435 and MDA-MB-468 xenografts). Low tumor uptake (<1% injected dose per gram (ID/g) of tissue up to 3 h postinjection of the radiotracers) was observed. High bone uptake (5-15% ID/g) was noted with the 4-[[super]18F]fluoroanilinoquinazolines. The metabolic stabilities of radiolabeled quinazolines were further evaluated by incubation with human female cryopreserved isolated hepatocytes. Rapid degeneration of the 4-fluoro-substituted compounds to baseline polar metabolites was observed by radio-TLC, whereas, the 2- and 3-[[super]18F]fluoroaniline derivatives were significantly more stable, up to 2 h, corroborating the in vivo biodistribution studies. para-Substituted [[super]18F]fluoroanilines, a common structural motif in radiopharmaceuticals, are highly susceptible to metabolic degradation. JF - Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry AU - Vasdev, Neil AU - Dorff, Peter N AU - O'Neil, James P AU - Chin, Frederick T AU - Hanrahan, Stephen AU - VanBrocklin, Henry F AD - Department of Radiotracer Development and Imaging Technology, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States Y1 - 2011/05/01/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 May 01 SP - 2959 EP - 2965 PB - Elsevier Science, The Boulevard Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK VL - 19 IS - 9 SN - 0968-0896, 0968-0896 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Computed tomography KW - Cryopreservation KW - Degeneration KW - Epidermal growth factor receptors KW - Hepatocytes KW - Isomers KW - Metabolites KW - Pharmaceuticals KW - Potassium KW - Probes KW - Protein-tyrosine kinase KW - Radioisotopes KW - Sodium KW - Tumors KW - Xenografts KW - W 30910:Imaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/867749659?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bioorganic+and+Medicinal+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Metabolic+stability+of+6%2C7-dialkoxy-4-%282-%2C+3-+and+4-%5B%5Bsuper%5D18F%5Dfluoroanilino%29quinazolines%2C+potential+EGFR+imaging+probes&rft.au=Vasdev%2C+Neil%3BDorff%2C+Peter+N%3BO%27Neil%2C+James+P%3BChin%2C+Frederick+T%3BHanrahan%2C+Stephen%3BVanBrocklin%2C+Henry+F&rft.aulast=Vasdev&rft.aufirst=Neil&rft.date=2011-05-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=2959&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bioorganic+and+Medicinal+Chemistry&rft.issn=09680896&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.bmc.2011.03.032 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-08 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hepatocytes; Probes; Potassium; Epidermal growth factor receptors; Metabolites; Tumors; Cryopreservation; Isomers; Sodium; Protein-tyrosine kinase; Computed tomography; Radioisotopes; Pharmaceuticals; Degeneration; Xenografts DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2011.03.032 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Building commissioning: a golden opportunity for reducing energy costs and greenhouse gas emissions in the United States AN - 867732706; 14458059 AB - Commissioning is arguably the single most cost-effective strategy for reducing energy, costs, and greenhouse gas emissions in buildings today. Although commissioning has earned increased recognition in recent years, it remains an enigmatic practice whose visibility severely lags its potential. The application of commissioning to new buildings ensures that they deliver or exceed the performance and energy savings promised by their design and intended operation. When applied to existing buildings, commissioning identifies deficiencies and the almost inevitable "drift" from intended performance over time, and carries out interventions to put the building back on course. More formally, commissioning is a systematic, forensic approach to quality assurance and performance risk management, rather than a technology per se. This article presents the world's largest compilation and meta-analysis of commissioning experience and the associated literature, comprising 643 non-residential buildings, 99 million ft super(2) of floorspace, 43 million in commissioning expenditures , and the work of 37 commissioning providers . The median normalized cost to deliver commissioning is 0.30/ft super(2) ( 2009 currencies ) for existing buildings and 1.16/ft super(2) for new construction (or 0.4% of the overall construction cost). The one third of projects for which data are available reveal over 10,000 energy-related deficiencies, the correction of which resulted in 16% median whole-building energy savings in existing buildings and 13% in new construction, with payback times of 1.1 and 4.2years, respectively. Because energy savings exceed commissioning costs, the associated reductions in greenhouse gas emissions come at a "negative" cost of - 110 / tonne CO Unknown character Subscript Unknown character 2 Unknown character / Subscript Unknown character for new buildings and Unknown character Unknown character Unknown character 25/tonne for new construction. Cases with comprehensive commissioning attained nearly twice the overall median level of savings and five times the savings of the least-thorough projects. Significant non-energy benefits such as improved indoor air quality are also achieved. Applying the median whole-building energy-saving values to the US non-residential buildings stock corresponds to an annual energy-saving potential of $30 billion (and 340Mt of CO sub(2)) by the year 2030. JF - Energy Efficiency AU - Mills, Evan AD - Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA, emills@lbl.gov Y1 - 2011/05// PY - 2011 DA - May 2011 SP - 145 EP - 173 PB - Dordrecht VL - 4 IS - 2 SN - 1570-646X, 1570-646X KW - Pollution Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - quality assurance KW - Energy conservation KW - Buildings KW - USA KW - intervention KW - Economics KW - Emissions KW - Greenhouse gases KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Technology KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/867732706?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Energy+Efficiency&rft.atitle=Building+commissioning%3A+a+golden+opportunity+for+reducing+energy+costs+and+greenhouse+gas+emissions+in+the+United+States&rft.au=Mills%2C+Evan&rft.aulast=Mills&rft.aufirst=Evan&rft.date=2011-05-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=145&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Energy+Efficiency&rft.issn=1570646X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs12053-011-9116-8 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-03-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - intervention; quality assurance; Economics; Emissions; Energy conservation; Carbon dioxide; Greenhouse gases; Buildings; Technology; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12053-011-9116-8 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Derivation of equivalent continuous dilution for cyclic, unsteady driving forces AN - 862784337; 14613919 AB - This article uses an analytical approach to determine the dilution of an unsteadily-generated solute in an unsteady solvent stream, under cyclic temporal boundary conditions. The goal is to find a simplified way of showing equivalence of such a process to a reference case where equivalent dilution is defined as a weighted average concentration. This derivation has direct applications to the ventilation of indoor spaces where indoor air quality and energy consumption cannot in general be simultaneously optimized. By solving the equation we can specify how much air we need to use in one ventilation pattern compared to another to obtain same indoor air quality. Because energy consumption is related to the amount of air exchanged by a ventilation system, the equation can be used as a first step to evaluate different ventilation patterns effect on the energy consumption. The use of the derived equation is demonstrated by representative cases of interest in both residential and non-residential buildings. JF - International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer AU - Sherman, Max H AU - Mortensen, Dorthe K AU - Walker, Iain S AD - Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA Y1 - 2011/05// PY - 2011 DA - May 2011 SP - 2696 EP - 2702 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., The Boulevard Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK VL - 54 IS - 11-12 SN - 0017-9310, 0017-9310 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Dilution KW - Concentration KW - Unsteady ventilation KW - Ventilation KW - Indoor air pollution KW - Solvents KW - Energy consumption KW - Buildings KW - boundary conditions KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - ENA 01:Air Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/862784337?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Heat+and+Mass+Transfer&rft.atitle=Derivation+of+equivalent+continuous+dilution+for+cyclic%2C+unsteady+driving+forces&rft.au=Sherman%2C+Max+H%3BMortensen%2C+Dorthe+K%3BWalker%2C+Iain+S&rft.aulast=Sherman&rft.aufirst=Max&rft.date=2011-05-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=11-12&rft.spage=2696&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Heat+and+Mass+Transfer&rft.issn=00179310&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.ijheatmasstransfer.2010.12.018 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ventilation; Indoor air pollution; Solvents; Energy consumption; Buildings; boundary conditions DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2010.12.018 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose by the cellobiohydrolase domain of CelB from the hyperthermophilic bacterium Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus AN - 1777120176; 14693477 AB - The celB gene of Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli to create a recombinant biocatalyst for hydrolyzing lignocellulosic biomass at high temperature. The GH5 domain of CelB hydrolyzed 4-nitrophenyl- beta -d-cellobioside and carboxymethyl cellulose with optimum activity at pH 4.7-5.5 and 80 degree C. The recombinant GH5 and CBM3-GH5 constructs were both stable at 80 degree C with half-lives of 23 h and 39 h, respectively, and retained >94% activity after 48 h at 70 degree C. Enzymatic hydrolysis of corn stover and cellulose pretreated with the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate showed that GH5 and CBM3-GH5 primarily produce cellobiose, with product yields for CBM3-GH5 being 1.2- to 2-fold higher than those for GH5. Confocal microscopy of bound protein on cellulose confirmed tighter binding of CBM3-GH5 to cellulose than GH5, indicating that the enhancement of enzymatic activity on solid substrates may be due to the substrate binding activity of CBM3 domain. JF - Bioresource Technology AU - Park, Joshua I AU - Kent, Michael S AU - Datta, Supratim AU - Holmes, Bradley M AU - Huang, Zhaohua AU - Simmons, Blake A AU - Sale, Kenneth L AU - Sapra, Rajat AD - Deconstruction Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA Y1 - 2011/05// PY - 2011 DA - May 2011 SP - 5988 EP - 5994 PB - Elsevier Science, The Boulevard Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK VL - 102 IS - 10 SN - 0960-8524, 0960-8524 KW - Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts (MT); Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); CSA / ASCE Civil Engineering Abstracts (CE) KW - Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus KW - Cellulase KW - Cellobiohydrolase KW - Carbohydrate binding module KW - Hyperthermophile KW - Microscopy KW - Corn KW - Cellulose KW - Escherichia coli KW - Recombinant KW - Hydrolysis KW - Binding KW - Confocal UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1777120176?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bioresource+Technology&rft.atitle=Enzymatic+hydrolysis+of+cellulose+by+the+cellobiohydrolase+domain+of+CelB+from+the+hyperthermophilic+bacterium+Caldicellulosiruptor+saccharolyticus&rft.au=Park%2C+Joshua+I%3BKent%2C+Michael+S%3BDatta%2C+Supratim%3BHolmes%2C+Bradley+M%3BHuang%2C+Zhaohua%3BSimmons%2C+Blake+A%3BSale%2C+Kenneth+L%3BSapra%2C+Rajat&rft.aulast=Park&rft.aufirst=Joshua&rft.date=2011-05-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=5988&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bioresource+Technology&rft.issn=09608524&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.biortech.2011.02.036 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-18 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2011.02.036 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An axisymmetric diffusion experiment for the determination of diffusion and sorption coefficients of rock samples AN - 1676578212; 2015-036697 AB - Diffusion anisotropy is a critical property in predicting migration of substances in sedimentary formations with very low permeability. The diffusion anisotropy of sedimentary rocks has been evaluated mainly from laboratory diffusion experiments, in which the directional diffusivities are separately estimated by through-diffusion experiments using different rock samples, or concurrently by in-diffusion experiments in which only the tracer profile in a rock block is measured. To estimate the diffusion anisotropy from a single rock sample, this study proposes an axisymmetric diffusion test, in which tracer diffuses between a cylindrical rock sample and a surrounding solution reservoir. The tracer diffusion between the sample and reservoir can be monitored from the reservoir tracer concentrations, and the tracer profile could also be obtained after dismantling the sample. Semi-analytical solutions are derived for tracer concentrations in both the reservoir and sample, accounting for an anisotropic diffusion tensor of rank two as well as the dilution effects from sampling and replacement of reservoir solution. The transient and steady-state analyses were examined experimentally and numerically for different experimental configurations, but without the need for tracer profiling. These experimental configurations are tested for in- and out-diffusion experiments using Koetoi and Wakkanai mudstones and Shirahama sandstone, and are scrutinized by a numerical approach to identify favorable conditions for parameter estimation. The analysis reveals the difficulty in estimating diffusion anisotropy; test configurations are proposed for enhanced identifiability of diffusion anisotropy. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the axisymmetric diffusion test is efficient in obtaining the sorption parameter from both steady-state and transient data, and in determining the effective diffusion coefficient if isotropic diffusion is assumed. Moreover, measuring reservoir concentrations in an axisymmetric diffusion experiment coupled with tracer profiling may be a promising approach to estimate of diffusion anisotropy of sedimentary rocks. Abstract Copyright (2011) Elsevier, B.V. JF - Journal of Contaminant Hydrology AU - Takeda, Mikio AU - Hiratsuka, T AU - Ito, K AU - Finsterle, S Y1 - 2011/04/25/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Apr 25 SP - 114 EP - 129 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 123 IS - 3-4 SN - 0169-7722, 0169-7722 KW - hazardous waste KW - sorption KW - anisotropic materials KW - Far East KW - isotopes KW - halogens KW - Europe KW - Switzerland KW - reservoir rocks KW - radioactive waste KW - France KW - laboratory studies KW - sedimentary rocks KW - radioactive isotopes KW - Opalinus Clay KW - Central Europe KW - movement KW - tracers KW - Shirahama Formation KW - Asia KW - water pollution KW - chlorine KW - experimental studies KW - diffusion KW - Western Europe KW - Jurassic KW - pollutants KW - Wakkanai Formation KW - Cl-36 KW - prediction KW - pollution KW - inverse problem KW - migration of elements KW - porosity KW - Mesozoic KW - measurement KW - models KW - Koetoi Formation KW - soil pollution KW - mathematical methods KW - reservoir properties KW - mobilization KW - waste disposal KW - clastic rocks KW - permeability KW - Japan KW - 30:Engineering geology KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1676578212?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Contaminant+Hydrology&rft.atitle=An+axisymmetric+diffusion+experiment+for+the+determination+of+diffusion+and+sorption+coefficients+of+rock+samples&rft.au=Takeda%2C+Mikio%3BHiratsuka%2C+T%3BIto%2C+K%3BFinsterle%2C+S&rft.aulast=Takeda&rft.aufirst=Mikio&rft.date=2011-04-25&rft.volume=123&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=114&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Contaminant+Hydrology&rft.issn=01697722&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jconhyd.2010.12.012 L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01697722 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2015, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from CAPCAS, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands N1 - Date revised - 2015-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 34 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - anisotropic materials; Asia; Central Europe; chlorine; Cl-36; clastic rocks; diffusion; Europe; experimental studies; Far East; France; halogens; hazardous waste; inverse problem; isotopes; Japan; Jurassic; Koetoi Formation; laboratory studies; mathematical methods; measurement; Mesozoic; migration of elements; mobilization; models; movement; Opalinus Clay; permeability; pollutants; pollution; porosity; prediction; radioactive isotopes; radioactive waste; reservoir properties; reservoir rocks; sedimentary rocks; Shirahama Formation; soil pollution; sorption; Switzerland; tracers; Wakkanai Formation; waste disposal; water pollution; Western Europe DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2010.12.012 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fe3O4 nanoparticle-integrated graphene sheets for high-performance half and full lithium ion cells. AN - 859745745; 21399829 AB - We synthesized Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticle/reduced graphene oxide (RGO-Fe(3)O(4)) nanocomposites and evaluated their performance as anodes in both half and full coin cells. The nanocomposites were synthesized through a chemical co-precipitation of Fe(2+) and Fe(3+) in the presence of graphene oxides within an alkaline solution and a subsequent high-temperature reduction reaction in argon (Ar) environment. The morphology and microstructures of the fabricated RGO-Fe(3)O(4) nanocomposites were characterized using various techniques. The results indicated that the Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles had relatively homogeneous dispersions on the RGO sheet surfaces. These as-synthesized RGO-Fe(3)O(4) nanocomposites were used as anodes for both half and full lithium-ion cells. Electrochemical measurement results exhibit a high reversible capacity which is about two and a half times higher than that of graphite-based anodes at a 0.05C rate, and an enhanced reversible capacity of about 200 mAh g(-1) even at a high charge/discharge rate of 10C (9260 mA g(-1)) in half cells. Most important of all, these fabricated novel nanostructures also show exceptional capacity retention with the assembled RGO-Fe(3)O(4)/LiNi(1/3)Mn(1/3)Co(1/3)O(2) full cell at different C rates. This outstanding electrochemical behavior can be attributed to the unique microstructure, morphology, texture, surface properties of the nanocomposites, and combinative effects from the different chemical composition in the nanocomposites. JF - Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP AU - Ji, Liwen AU - Tan, Zhongkui AU - Kuykendall, Tevye R AU - Aloni, Shaul AU - Xun, Shidi AU - Lin, Eric AU - Battaglia, Vincent AU - Zhang, Yuegang AD - The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA. Y1 - 2011/04/21/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Apr 21 SP - 7170 EP - 7177 VL - 13 IS - 15 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/859745745?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physical+chemistry+chemical+physics+%3A+PCCP&rft.atitle=Fe3O4+nanoparticle-integrated+graphene+sheets+for+high-performance+half+and+full+lithium+ion+cells.&rft.au=Ji%2C+Liwen%3BTan%2C+Zhongkui%3BKuykendall%2C+Tevye+R%3BAloni%2C+Shaul%3BXun%2C+Shidi%3BLin%2C+Eric%3BBattaglia%2C+Vincent%3BZhang%2C+Yuegang&rft.aulast=Ji&rft.aufirst=Liwen&rft.date=2011-04-21&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=15&rft.spage=7170&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Physical+chemistry+chemical+physics+%3A+PCCP&rft.issn=1463-9084&rft_id=info:doi/10.1039%2Fc1cp20455f LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2011-07-13 N1 - Date created - 2011-03-31 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-17 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-22 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c1cp20455f ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Theta-shaped plasmonic nanostructures: bringing "dark" multipole plasmon resonances into action via conductive coupling. AN - 862005597; 21425843 AB - Quadrupole plasmon and (octupolar) Fano resonances are induced in lithographically fabricated theta-shaped ring-rod gold nanostructures. The optical response is characterized by measuring the light scattered by individual nanostructures. When the nanorod is brought within 3 nm of the ring wall, a weak quadrupolar resonance is observed due to capacitive coupling, and when a necklike conductive bridge links the nanorod to the nanoring the optical response changes dramatically bringing the quadrupolar resonance into prominence and creating an octupolar Fano resonance. The Fano resonance is observed due to the destructive interference of the octupolar resonance with the overlapping and broadened dipolar resonance. The quadrupolar and Fano resonances are further enhanced by capacitive coupling (near-field interaction) that is favored by the theta-shaped arrangement. The interpretation of the data is supported by FDTD simulation. JF - Nano letters AU - Habteyes, Terefe G AU - Dhuey, Scott AU - Cabrini, Stefano AU - Schuck, P James AU - Leone, Stephen R AD - Department of Chemistry, University of California, and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States. Y1 - 2011/04/13/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Apr 13 SP - 1819 EP - 1825 VL - 11 IS - 4 KW - Gold KW - 7440-57-5 KW - Index Medicus KW - Scattering, Radiation KW - Computer Simulation KW - Electric Conductivity KW - Particle Size KW - Light KW - Materials Testing KW - Surface Plasmon Resonance -- methods KW - Nanostructures -- ultrastructure KW - Nanostructures -- chemistry KW - Models, Chemical KW - Gold -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/862005597?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nano+letters&rft.atitle=Theta-shaped+plasmonic+nanostructures%3A+bringing+%22dark%22+multipole+plasmon+resonances+into+action+via+conductive+coupling.&rft.au=Habteyes%2C+Terefe+G%3BDhuey%2C+Scott%3BCabrini%2C+Stefano%3BSchuck%2C+P+James%3BLeone%2C+Stephen+R&rft.aulast=Habteyes&rft.aufirst=Terefe&rft.date=2011-04-13&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1819&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nano+letters&rft.issn=1530-6992&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Fnl200585b LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2011-08-10 N1 - Date created - 2011-04-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-17 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-22 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl200585b ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - A systems approach to identification of genomic determinants of therapeutic response T2 - 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research AN - 1313089887; 6097420 JF - 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research AU - Gray, Joe Y1 - 2011/04/02/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Apr 02 KW - genomics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1313089887?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=102nd+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Association+for+Cancer+Research&rft.atitle=A+systems+approach+to+identification+of+genomic+determinants+of+therapeutic+response&rft.au=Gray%2C+Joe&rft.aulast=Gray&rft.aufirst=Joe&rft.date=2011-04-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=102nd+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Association+for+Cancer+Research&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.aacr.org/home/scientists/meetings--workshops/aacr-annual-meeting-2013/previous-annual-meetings/annual-meeting-2011/program.aspx LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - The role of microenvironment in mammary epithelial cell plasticity T2 - 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research AN - 1313088468; 6097039 JF - 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research AU - Correia, Ana AU - Mori, Hidetoshi AU - Schmitt, Fernando AU - Bissell, Mina Y1 - 2011/04/02/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Apr 02 KW - Microenvironments KW - Epithelial cells KW - Mammary gland KW - Plasticity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1313088468?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=102nd+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Association+for+Cancer+Research&rft.atitle=The+role+of+microenvironment+in+mammary+epithelial+cell+plasticity&rft.au=Correia%2C+Ana%3BMori%2C+Hidetoshi%3BSchmitt%2C+Fernando%3BBissell%2C+Mina&rft.aulast=Correia&rft.aufirst=Ana&rft.date=2011-04-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=102nd+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Association+for+Cancer+Research&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.aacr.org/home/scientists/meetings--workshops/aacr-annual-meeting-2013/previous-annual-meetings/annual-meeting-2011/program.aspx LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - An Integrated Approach to Targeting Breast Cancer Molecular Subtypes and their "Resistance" Phenotypes T2 - 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research AN - 1313082520; 6096272 JF - 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research AU - Gray, Joe AU - Slamon, Dennis Y1 - 2011/04/02/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Apr 02 KW - Breast cancer KW - Phenotypes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1313082520?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=102nd+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Association+for+Cancer+Research&rft.atitle=An+Integrated+Approach+to+Targeting+Breast+Cancer+Molecular+Subtypes+and+their+%22Resistance%22+Phenotypes&rft.au=Gray%2C+Joe%3BSlamon%2C+Dennis&rft.aulast=Gray&rft.aufirst=Joe&rft.date=2011-04-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=102nd+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Association+for+Cancer+Research&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.aacr.org/home/scientists/meetings--workshops/aacr-annual-meeting-2013/previous-annual-meetings/annual-meeting-2011/program.aspx LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantum coherence in photosynthetic complexes AN - 923205860; 15261852 AB - The initial steps of photosynthesis require the absorption and subsequent transfer of energy through an intricate network of pigment-protein complexes. Held within the protein scaffold of these complexes, chromophore molecules are densely packed and fixed in specific geometries relative to one another resulting in Coulombic coupling. Excitation energy transfer through these systems can be accomplished with near unity quantum efficiency [Wraight and Clayton, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 333, 246 (1974)]. While replication of this feat is desirable for artificial photosynthesis, the mechanism by which nature achieves this efficiency is unknown. Recent experiments have revealed the presence of long-lived quantum coherences in photosynthetic pigment-protein complexes spanning bacterial and plant species with a variety of functions and compositions. Its ubiquitous presence and wavelike energy transfer implicate quantum coherence as key to the high efficiency achieved by photosynthesis. JF - Vol. 248, no. 4, pp. 833-838. Apr 2011. AU - Calhoun, Tessa R AU - Fleming, Graham R AD - Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA, grfleming@lbl.gov Y1 - 2011/04// PY - 2011 DA - Apr 2011 SP - 833 EP - 838 VL - 248 IS - 4 SN - 1521-3951, 1521-3951 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Photosynthesis KW - Replication KW - Chromophores KW - scaffolds KW - J 02320:Cell Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/923205860?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Quantum+coherence+in+photosynthetic+complexes&rft.au=Calhoun%2C+Tessa+R%3BFleming%2C+Graham+R&rft.aulast=Calhoun&rft.aufirst=Tessa&rft.date=2011-04-01&rft.volume=248&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=833&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=15213951&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fpssb.201000856 L2 - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/pssb.201000856/abstract LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-02-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Photosynthesis; Replication; Chromophores; scaffolds DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssb.201000856 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A comparison of point of zero charge measurement methodology AN - 916837103; 2012-012601 AB - Contaminant-transport modeling requires information about the charge of subsurface particle surfaces. Because values are commonly reused many times in a single simulation, small errors can be magnified greatly. Goethite (alpha -FeOOH) and pyrolusite (beta -MnO (sub 2) ) are ubiquitous mineral phases that are especially contaminant reactive. The objective of the present study was to measure and compare the point of zero charge (PZC) using different methods. The pyrolusite PZC was measured with three methods: mass titration (MT) (PZC = 5.9 + or - 0.1), powder addition (PA) (PZC = 5.98 + or - 0.08), and isoelectric point, IEP (PZC = 4.4 + or - 0.1). The IEP measurement was in agreement with literature values. However, MT and PA resulted in a statistically larger PZC than the IEP measurement. The surface area of pyrolusite, 2.2 m (super 2) g (super -1) , was too small to permit PZC determination by the potentiometric titration (PT) method. Goethite PZC values were measured using MT (7.5 + or - 0.1), PT (7.46 + or - 0.09), and PA (7.20 + or - 0.08). The present work presents the first reported instance where MT and PA have been applied to measure the point of zero charge of either pyrolusite or goethite. The results illustrate the importance of using multiple complementary techniques to measure PZC values accurately. JF - Clays and Clay Minerals AU - Cristiano, Elena AU - Hu, Yung-Jin AU - Siegfried, Matthew AU - Kaplan, Daniel AU - Nitsche, Heino Y1 - 2011/04// PY - 2011 DA - April 2011 SP - 107 EP - 115 PB - Clay Minerals Society, Chantilly, VA VL - 59 IS - 2 SN - 0009-8604, 0009-8604 KW - methods KW - experimental studies KW - chemical analysis KW - titration KW - goethite KW - pyrolusite KW - clay mineralogy KW - simulation KW - measurement KW - chemical properties KW - oxides KW - potentiometry KW - geochemistry KW - 06A:Sedimentary petrology KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/916837103?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clays+and+Clay+Minerals&rft.atitle=A+comparison+of+point+of+zero+charge+measurement+methodology&rft.au=Cristiano%2C+Elena%3BHu%2C+Yung-Jin%3BSiegfried%2C+Matthew%3BKaplan%2C+Daniel%3BNitsche%2C+Heino&rft.aulast=Cristiano&rft.aufirst=Elena&rft.date=2011-04-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=107&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clays+and+Clay+Minerals&rft.issn=00098604&rft_id=info:doi/10.1346%2FCCMN.2011.0590201 L2 - http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/cms/ccm LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Abstract, Copyright, Clay Minerals Society | Reference includes data from GeoScienceWorld, Alexandria, VA, United States N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 40 N1 - PubXState - VA N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table, 1 plate N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - CLCMAB N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - chemical analysis; chemical properties; clay mineralogy; experimental studies; geochemistry; goethite; measurement; methods; oxides; potentiometry; pyrolusite; simulation; titration DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1346/CCMN.2011.0590201 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dynamics of a paleoecosystem reef associated with oceanic change in carbonate sedimentary regime and carbon cycling (Oxfordian, Swiss Jura) AN - 869787998; 2011-050377 AB - Herein we report an analysis of an Oxfordian (Upper Jurassic) paleoreef located in the Swiss Jura Mountains. The paleoreef is located in a Middle Oxfordian transitional interval in which sedimentation switched from marl-dominated to carbonate-dominated deposits. The paleoecosystem is composed of four successive fossil communities characterized by microsolenid corals and organisms that specialized in suspension feeding. Carbon isotopes measured from echinoid spine carbonates exhibit a positive trend from approximately 1.0 per mil to 2.5 per mil in delta (super 13) C values from the base to the top of the paleoreef. Comparison of delta (super 13) C curves with organic matter and belemnites shows different patterns not compatible with a global variation of the carbon cycle. Similar fossil assemblages and stratigraphic sequences identical in age are found along the continental margin of the Tethys-Atlantic Ocean. This biolithostratigraphic succession corresponds to increasing delta (super 13) C values of marine and biogenic carbonates, to the transition from marl-dominated to carbonate-dominated deposits, and to the development of carbonate platforms, which together suggest a change in the carbon cycling regime within the Tethys-Atlantic Ocean system. JF - Palaios AU - Bill, Markus AU - O'Dogherty, Luis AU - Baumgartner, Peter O Y1 - 2011/04// PY - 2011 DA - April 2011 SP - 197 EP - 211 PB - Society for Sedimentary Geology, Tulsa, OK VL - 26 IS - 4 SN - 0883-1351, 0883-1351 KW - lithostratigraphy KW - communities KW - Porifera KW - isotopes KW - Saint-Ursanne Switzerland KW - Europe KW - Switzerland KW - stable isotopes KW - paleoecology KW - Central Europe KW - carbon KW - Brachiopoda KW - chemostratigraphy KW - Anthozoa KW - Invertebrata KW - Mollusca KW - Jura Mountains KW - reef environment KW - Upper Jurassic KW - Jurassic KW - isotope ratios KW - C-13/C-12 KW - faunal studies KW - Jura Switzerland KW - Oxfordian KW - Mesozoic KW - geochemical cycle KW - Bivalvia KW - lithofacies KW - sea-level changes KW - Swiss Jura Mountains KW - paleoenvironment KW - Cnidaria KW - carbon cycle KW - 10:Invertebrate paleontology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/869787998?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Palaios&rft.atitle=Dynamics+of+a+paleoecosystem+reef+associated+with+oceanic+change+in+carbonate+sedimentary+regime+and+carbon+cycling+%28Oxfordian%2C+Swiss+Jura%29&rft.au=Bill%2C+Markus%3BO%27Dogherty%2C+Luis%3BBaumgartner%2C+Peter+O&rft.aulast=Bill&rft.aufirst=Markus&rft.date=2011-04-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=197&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Palaios&rft.issn=08831351&rft_id=info:doi/10.2110%2Fpalo.2010.p10-063r L2 - http://www.bioone.org/bioone/?request=get-archive&issn=0883-1351 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from GeoScienceWorld, Alexandria, VA, United States | Reference includes data supplied by SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology), Tulsa, OK, United States N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 101 N1 - PubXState - OK N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. strat. col., geol. sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Anthozoa; Bivalvia; Brachiopoda; C-13/C-12; carbon; carbon cycle; Central Europe; chemostratigraphy; Cnidaria; communities; Europe; faunal studies; geochemical cycle; Invertebrata; isotope ratios; isotopes; Jura Mountains; Jura Switzerland; Jurassic; lithofacies; lithostratigraphy; Mesozoic; Mollusca; Oxfordian; paleoecology; paleoenvironment; Porifera; reef environment; Saint-Ursanne Switzerland; sea-level changes; stable isotopes; Swiss Jura Mountains; Switzerland; Upper Jurassic DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/palo.2010.p10-063r ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Adaptive implementation of information technology for real-time, basin-scale salinity management in the San Joaquin Basin, USA and Hunter River Basin, Australia AN - 867739336; 14610039 AB - Pollutant trading schemes are market-based strategies that can provide cost-effective and flexible environmental compliance in large river basins. The aim of this paper is to contrast two innovative adaptive strategies for salinity management have been developed in the Hunter River Basin, New South Wales, Australia and in the San Joaquin River Basin, California, USA, respectively. In both instances web-based stakeholder information dissemination has been a key to achieving a high level of stakeholder involvement and the formulation of effective decision support tools for salinity management. A common element to implementation of salinity management strategies in both the Hunter River and San Joaquin River basins has been the concept of river assimilative capacity as a guide for controlling export salt loading and the establishment of a framework for trading of the right to discharge salt load to the Hunter River and San Joaquin River respectively. Both rivers provide basin drainage and the means of exporting salt load to the ocean. The paper compares the opportunities and constraints governing salinity management in the two basins as well as the use of monitoring, modeling and information technology to achieve environmental compliance and sustain irrigated agriculture in an equitable, socially and politically acceptable manner. The paper concludes by placing into broader context some of the issues raised by the comparison of the two approaches to basin salinity management. JF - Agricultural Water Management AU - Quinn, Nigel WT AD - HydroEcological Engineering Advanced Decision Support, Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Bld. 90-1116, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States, nwquinn@lbl.gov Y1 - 2011/04// PY - 2011 DA - April 2011 SP - 930 EP - 940 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 98 IS - 6 SN - 0378-3774, 0378-3774 KW - Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Salinity KW - Information technology KW - Decision support KW - Modeling KW - Management KW - San Joaquin Basin KW - Hunter River Basin KW - River Basins KW - USA, California, San Joaquin Basin KW - Basins KW - Freshwater KW - Salt loading KW - information technology KW - INE, USA, California KW - stakeholders KW - Rivers KW - River discharge KW - River basins KW - Salts KW - Water management KW - Monitoring KW - Agriculture KW - Compliance KW - USA, California, San Joaquin R. KW - Pollutants KW - Salinity effects KW - PSE, Australia, New South Wales KW - River basin management KW - Drainage KW - Water pollution KW - USA, California, San Joaquin R. basin KW - Oceans KW - SW 3050:Ultimate disposal of wastes KW - AQ 00006:Sewage KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - ENA 12:Oceans & Estuaries KW - M2 556.52:River Systems (556.52) KW - D 04060:Management and Conservation KW - Q2 09126:Sociology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/867739336?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agricultural+Water+Management&rft.atitle=Adaptive+implementation+of+information+technology+for+real-time%2C+basin-scale+salinity+management+in+the+San+Joaquin+Basin%2C+USA+and+Hunter+River+Basin%2C+Australia&rft.au=Quinn%2C+Nigel+WT&rft.aulast=Quinn&rft.aufirst=Nigel&rft.date=2011-04-01&rft.volume=98&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=930&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agricultural+Water+Management&rft.issn=03783774&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.agwat.2010.11.013 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Water management; Salinity effects; River discharge; River basins; River basin management; Water pollution; Agriculture; Rivers; Salts; Pollutants; Drainage; Oceans; Basins; Salt loading; Salinity; information technology; Compliance; stakeholders; River Basins; Monitoring; USA, California, San Joaquin Basin; USA, California, San Joaquin R.; USA, California, San Joaquin R. basin; INE, USA, California; PSE, Australia, New South Wales; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2010.11.013 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessment of China's energy-saving and emission-reduction accomplishments and opportunities during the 11th Five Year Plan AN - 861387227; 4180569 AB - From 1980 to 2002, China experienced a 5% average annual reduction in energy consumpti