TY - JOUR T1 - Absence of mutations in codon 61 of the Ha-ras oncogene in epithelial cells transformed in vitro by 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene. AN - 79426358; 2514684 AB - Epithelial cells of the respiratory tract of rats were transformed in vitro by 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) which has been reported to cause A----T transversion mutations of the second position of Ha-ras in codon 61 in several biological models. In this study Ha-ras exon 2 was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and then sequenced directly. In 10 transformed cell lines, of which 5 are known to be tumorigenic, no mutations in codon 61 were found. The results suggest that Ha-ras codon 61 mutations are not associated with cell transformation initiated with DMBA in this particular cell transformation system. These data imply that other genes (oncogenes) are responsible for transformation of these cells. The results are discussed in relation to observations in various transformation systems in vivo and in vitro. JF - Biochemical and biophysical research communications AU - Mass, M J AU - Austin, S J AD - Carcinogenesis and Metabolism Branch, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1989/12/29/ PY - 1989 DA - 1989 Dec 29 SP - 1319 EP - 1323 VL - 165 IS - 3 SN - 0006-291X, 0006-291X KW - Codon KW - 0 KW - RNA, Messenger KW - 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene KW - 57-97-6 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Animals KW - Base Sequence KW - Exons KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Epithelium KW - Cell Line, Transformed KW - Respiratory System KW - Genes, ras KW - Mutation KW - Cell Transformation, Neoplastic -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79426358?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemical+and+biophysical+research+communications&rft.atitle=Absence+of+mutations+in+codon+61+of+the+Ha-ras+oncogene+in+epithelial+cells+transformed+in+vitro+by+7%2C12-dimethylbenz%28a%29anthracene.&rft.au=Mass%2C+M+J%3BAustin%2C+S+J&rft.aulast=Mass&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1989-12-29&rft.volume=165&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1319&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biochemical+and+biophysical+research+communications&rft.issn=0006291X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1990-02-13 N1 - Date created - 1990-02-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Incorporation of biological information in cancer risk assessment: example--vinyl chloride. AN - 79493305; 2627677 AB - Vinyl chloride (VC) is used as an example to demonstrate how biological information can be incorporated into quantitative risk assessment. The information included is the pharmacokinetics of VC in animals and humans and the data-generated hypothesis that VC primarily affects the initiation stage of the multistage carcinogenesis. The emphasis in this paper is on the improvement of risk assessment methodology rather than the risk assessment of VC per se. Sufficient data are available to construct physiologically-based pharmacokinetic models for both animals and humans. These models are used to calculate the metabolized dose corresponding to exposure scenarios in animals and in humans. On the basis of the data on liver angiosarcomas and carcinomas in rats, the cancer risk per unit of metabolized dose is comparable, irrespective of routes (oral or inhalation) of exposure. The tumor response from an intermittent/partial lifetime exposure is shown to be consistent with that from a lifetime exposure when VC is assumed to affect the first (initiation) stage of the multistage carcinogenic process. Furthermore, the risk estimates calculated on the basis of animal data are shown to be consistent with the human experience. JF - Cell biology and toxicology AU - Chen, C W AU - Blancato, J N AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. 20460. Y1 - 1989/12// PY - 1989 DA - December 1989 SP - 417 EP - 444 VL - 5 IS - 4 SN - 0742-2091, 0742-2091 KW - Vinyl Chloride KW - WD06X94M2D KW - Index Medicus KW - Administration, Oral KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Methods KW - Liver Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Hemangiosarcoma -- chemically induced KW - Models, Biological KW - Vinyl Chloride -- pharmacokinetics KW - Rats, Inbred Strains KW - Rats KW - Vinyl Chloride -- administration & dosage KW - Carcinogenicity Tests KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Data Interpretation, Statistical KW - Macaca mulatta KW - Vinyl Chloride -- metabolism KW - Administration, Inhalation KW - Risk Factors KW - Neoplasms -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79493305?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cell+biology+and+toxicology&rft.atitle=Incorporation+of+biological+information+in+cancer+risk+assessment%3A+example--vinyl+chloride.&rft.au=Chen%2C+C+W%3BBlancato%2C+J+N&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1989-12-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=417&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cell+biology+and+toxicology&rft.issn=07422091&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1990-04-26 N1 - Date created - 1990-04-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Expert systems survey on biodegradation of xenobiotic chemicals. AN - 79434396; 2612417 AB - To determine the feasibility of developing an expert system for biodegradability assessment, a survey was conducted in which biodegradation experts were asked to estimate rates and products of degradation for 50 chemicals. These chemicals, which varied widely in structure, were considered representative of the spectrum of premanufacture notice chemicals subject to EPA review under the Toxic Substances Control Act. There was substantial agreement among the 22 experts on both sites of initial attack and rates of degradation. The approximate order in which various groups were viewed as contributing to aerobic biodegradability is as follows: ester, amide, anhydride greater than hydroxyl greater than carboxyl, epoxide, site of unsaturation greater than benzene ring, methyl, methylene. Hydrolyzable groups, azo bonds, halogens, and nitro groups were preferred sites of anaerobic attack. Among the negative influences on aerobic biodegradability were molecular mass, branching, halogenation, and nitrogen heterocycles. Results also indicate that estimates of removal by biodegradation in aerobic wastewater treatment and time for aerobic ultimate and primary degradation were well correlated, and that the predictive value of such correlations could be improved using correction factors for certain classes of chemicals. The results lend support to existing rules of thumb, but also offer additional insight that will prove useful in designing a prototype system. JF - Ecotoxicology and environmental safety AU - Boethling, R S AU - Gregg, B AU - Frederick, R AU - Gabel, N W AU - Campbell, S E AU - Sabljic, A AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Toxic Substances (TS-798), Washington, D.C. 20460. Y1 - 1989/12// PY - 1989 DA - December 1989 SP - 252 EP - 267 VL - 18 IS - 3 SN - 0147-6513, 0147-6513 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - 0 KW - Oxygen KW - S88TT14065 KW - Index Medicus KW - Molecular Structure KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Data Interpretation, Statistical KW - Expert Systems KW - Biodegradation, Environmental UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79434396?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecotoxicology+and+environmental+safety&rft.atitle=Expert+systems+survey+on+biodegradation+of+xenobiotic+chemicals.&rft.au=Boethling%2C+R+S%3BGregg%2C+B%3BFrederick%2C+R%3BGabel%2C+N+W%3BCampbell%2C+S+E%3BSabljic%2C+A&rft.aulast=Boethling&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1989-12-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=252&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecotoxicology+and+environmental+safety&rft.issn=01476513&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1990-03-06 N1 - Date created - 1990-03-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Carcinogenic activity associated with halogenated acetones and acroleins in the mouse skin assay. AN - 79417548; 2605568 AB - Several chlorinated acetones have been identified in drinking water and these, as well as a number of chlorinated acroleins, are produced by chlorination of humic acid solutions. Many of these chlorinated compounds and the brominated acrolein analog were positive in the Ames Assay in the laboratory. To determine if carcinogenic activity was associated with these chemicals the following acetone derivatives: monochloro (MCA); 1,1-dichloro (1,1-DCA), 1,3-dichloro (1,3-DCA), 1,1,1-trichloro (1,1,1-TCA), 1,1,3-trichloro (1,1,3-TCA), and substituted acroleins: 2-chloro (CAC), 3,3-dichloro (DCAC), 2,3,3-trichloro (TCAC) and 2-bromo (BAC), were applied topically to SENCAR mice (25, 30, or 40/group) at the following dose levels: 50 mg/kg (MCA and 1,1,3-TCA); 50, 75 and 100 mg/kg (1,3-DCA); 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg (CAC, DCAC, and TCAC); 200 and 300 mg/kg (BAC); and 400, 600, and 800 mg/kg (1,1-DCA, and 1,1,1-TCA). Doses were applied six times over a 2-week period in 0.2 ml ethanol per application. 1,3-DCA was also tested with single doses of 37.5, 75, 150 and 300 mg/kg in 0.2 ml ethanol. Control animals received 0.2 ml ethanol per application as a single dose or multiple doses to match corresponding studies. Two weeks after the final dose, 1.0 microgram TPA in 0.2 ml acetone was applied three times weekly for 20 weeks. After 24 weeks the percentage of animals with tumors for dose groups above were: MCA (8); 1,1,3-TCA (10); 1,3-DCA, multiple doses (48, 45, 32); CAC (30, 28, 38); DCAC (3, 0, 0); TCAC (10, 5, 0); BAC (54, 43); 1,1-DCA (0, 5, 0); 1,1,1-TCA (10, 5, 0); 1,3-DCA, single doses (47, 47, 63, 20); controls (12--Table 3, 9--Table 4 average). These data show that 1,3-DCA, CAC and BAC, when applied topically, initiate tumors in the mouse skin. These chemicals administered orally in a 2% emulphor solution, at doses described in Table 3, did not initiate tumors in the mouse skin. JF - Cancer letters AU - Robinson, M AU - Bull, R J AU - Olson, G R AU - Stober, J AD - Environmental Toxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH 45268. Y1 - 1989/12// PY - 1989 DA - December 1989 SP - 197 EP - 203 VL - 48 IS - 3 SN - 0304-3835, 0304-3835 KW - Aldehydes KW - 0 KW - Water Pollutants KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - Acetone KW - 1364PS73AF KW - Acrolein KW - 7864XYD3JJ KW - 1,1,3-trichloroacetone KW - 8N0B05BDRQ KW - 1,1-dichloroacetone KW - MCU87D3FRT KW - 1,1,1-trichloroacetone KW - NW27ZG5LDA KW - 1,3-dichloroacetone KW - UFH8559WS5 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Carcinogenicity Tests KW - Mice KW - Papilloma -- chemically induced KW - Female KW - Water Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Aldehydes -- toxicity KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- toxicity KW - Skin Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Acrolein -- toxicity KW - Acetone -- toxicity KW - Acetone -- analogs & derivatives UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79417548?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+letters&rft.atitle=Carcinogenic+activity+associated+with+halogenated+acetones+and+acroleins+in+the+mouse+skin+assay.&rft.au=Robinson%2C+M%3BBull%2C+R+J%3BOlson%2C+G+R%3BStober%2C+J&rft.aulast=Robinson&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1989-12-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=197&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+letters&rft.issn=03043835&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1990-02-12 N1 - Date created - 1990-02-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of p-xylene inhalation on axonal transport in the rat retinal ganglion cells. AN - 79404422; 2603159 AB - Although the solvent xylene is suspected of producing nervous system dysfunction in animals and humans, little is known regarding the neurochemical consequences of xylene inhalation. The intent of this study was to determine the effect of intermittent, acute, and subchronic p-xylene exposure on the axonal transport of proteins and glycoproteins within the rat retinofugal tract. A number of different exposure regimens were tested ranging from 50 ppm for a single 6-hr exposure to 1600 ppm 6 hr/day, 5 days/week, for a total of 8 exposure days. Immediately following removal from the inhalation chambers rats were injected intraocularly with [35S]methionine and [3H]fucose (to label retinal proteins and glycoproteins, respectively) and the axonal transport of labeled macromolecules to axons (optic nerve and optic tract) and nerve endings (lateral geniculate body and superior colliculus) was examined 20 hr after precursor injection. Only relatively severe exposure regimens (i.e., 800 or 1600 ppm 6 hr/day, 5 days/week, for 1.5 weeks) produced significant reductions in axonal transport; there was a moderate reduction in the axonal transport of 35S-labeled proteins in the 800-ppm-treated group which was more widespread in the 1600 ppm-treated group. Transport of 3H-labeled glycoproteins was less affected. Assessment of retinal metabolism immediately after isotope injection indicated that the rate of precursor uptake was not reduced in either treatment group. Furthermore, rapid transport was still substantially reduced in animals exposed to 1600 ppm p-xylene and allowed a 13-day withdrawal period. These data indicate that p-xylene inhalation decreases rapid axonal transport supplied to the projections of the rat retinal ganglion cells immediately after cessation of inhalation exposure and that this decreased transport is still apparent 13 days after the last exposure. This decreased supply of cellular materials to the axon and nerve ending regions could initiate the neuronal malfunction reported in solvent-exposed animals and humans. JF - Toxicology and applied pharmacology AU - Padilla, S S AU - Lyerly, D P AD - Neurotoxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1989/12// PY - 1989 DA - December 1989 SP - 390 EP - 398 VL - 101 IS - 3 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - Glycoproteins KW - 0 KW - Proteins KW - Xylenes KW - Fucose KW - 3713-31-3 KW - 4-xylene KW - 6WAC1O477V KW - Methionine KW - AE28F7PNPL KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Nerve Endings -- metabolism KW - Animals KW - Glycoproteins -- metabolism KW - Fucose -- administration & dosage KW - Scintillation Counting KW - Methionine -- administration & dosage KW - Optic Nerve -- drug effects KW - Administration, Inhalation KW - Proteins -- metabolism KW - Optic Nerve -- metabolism KW - Male KW - Biological Transport -- drug effects KW - Xylenes -- toxicity KW - Retinal Ganglion Cells -- metabolism KW - Axons -- metabolism KW - Axons -- drug effects KW - Retina -- drug effects KW - Retinal Ganglion Cells -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79404422?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+p-xylene+inhalation+on+axonal+transport+in+the+rat+retinal+ganglion+cells.&rft.au=Padilla%2C+S+S%3BLyerly%2C+D+P&rft.aulast=Padilla&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1989-12-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=390&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1990-02-08 N1 - Date created - 1990-02-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxicological evaluation of complex industrial wastes: implications for exposure assessment. AN - 79402034; 2690404 AB - We evaluated a variety of short-term bioassays to construct a battery of tests that could be used for assessing the biological effects of potentially hazardous complex industrial wastes. Ten samples were studied for hepatotoxicity; these samples and an additional 5 were studied for mutagenicity. Although the data are limited to these samples, the results suggest that the Salmonella assay (strain TA98) or a prophage-induction assay (both in the presence of S9) in combination with determination of relative liver weight and levels of a set of serum enzymes in rats may provide a battery of tests suitable to characterize complex industrial wastes for mutagenic and hepatotoxic potential. The biological activities exhibited by the wastes were not readily predicted by the chemical profiles of the wastes, emphasizing the importance of characterizing potentially hazardous complex industrial wastes by both chemical and biological means. DNA from liver, lung and bladder of rats exposed to some of the wastes was analyzed by the 32P-postlabeling technique for the presence of DNA adducts. A waste that produced mutagenic urine produced a DNA adduct in bladder DNA. The implications of this approach for assessment of exposure to complex hazardous waste mixtures are discussed. JF - Toxicology letters AU - DeMarini, D M AU - Gallagher, J E AU - Houk, V S AU - Simmons, J E AD - Health Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1989/12// PY - 1989 DA - December 1989 SP - 199 EP - 214 VL - 49 IS - 2-3 SN - 0378-4274, 0378-4274 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Industrial Waste KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Urinary Bladder -- metabolism KW - Animals KW - DNA -- analysis KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- drug effects KW - DNA -- biosynthesis KW - Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury -- enzymology KW - Urinary Bladder -- drug effects KW - Rats KW - Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury -- etiology KW - Mutagenicity Tests KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- genetics KW - Environmental Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Industrial Waste -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79402034?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+letters&rft.atitle=Toxicological+evaluation+of+complex+industrial+wastes%3A+implications+for+exposure+assessment.&rft.au=DeMarini%2C+D+M%3BGallagher%2C+J+E%3BHouk%2C+V+S%3BSimmons%2C+J+E&rft.aulast=DeMarini&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1989-12-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=199&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+letters&rft.issn=03784274&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1990-02-01 N1 - Date created - 1990-02-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Clastogenicity evaluation of seven chemicals commonly found at hazardous industrial waste sites. AN - 79349804; 2586542 AB - 7 chemicals commonly found at the industrial waste sites were tested with the Tradescantia-Micronucleus (Trad-MCN) assay to evaluate their clastogenic potential. Chemicals selected from the US EPA Superfund Priority 1 list were: aldrin, arsenic trioxide, 1,2-benz[a, h]anthracene, dieldrin, heptachlor, lead tetraacetate and tetrachloroethylene. Results of repeated tests for clastogenicity yielded the minimum effective dose (MED) for clastogenicity of 0.44 ppm for lead tetraacetate, 1.88 ppm for heptaclor, 3.81 ppm for dieldrin and arsenic trioxide and 1,2-benz[a, h]anthracene yielded positive responses at the MED of 3.96 ppm and 12.50 ppm respectively. Aldrin and tetrachloroethylene were considered to be immiscible with water, and the tests yielded negative responses. Tetrachloroethylene in gaseous state was also used to treat the flower buds. Results of tetrachloroethylene vapor phase treatment yielded a positive response at the MED of 30 ppm/min after a 2-h exposure. 5 chemicals determined to be clastogens by this test were ranked according to their MED in the descending order of potency as follows: lead tetraacetate, heptachlor, dieldrin, arsenic trioxide and 1,2-benz[a, h]anthracene. Results of this study indicate that the Trad-MCN bioassay could be effectively utilized for assessing the potential clastogenicity of the chemicals commonly found at the industrial hazardous waste sites. JF - Mutation research AU - Sandhu, S S AU - Ma, T H AU - Peng, Y AU - Zhou, X D AD - Genetic Toxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1989/12// PY - 1989 DA - December 1989 SP - 437 EP - 445 VL - 224 IS - 4 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Arsenicals KW - 0 KW - Benz(a)Anthracenes KW - Industrial Waste KW - Mutagens KW - Organometallic Compounds KW - Oxides KW - Soil Pollutants KW - Water Pollutants KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - Heptachlor KW - 7GLS9ACN3L KW - lead tetraacetate KW - CFN24B03DB KW - Dieldrin KW - I0246D2ZS0 KW - Arsenic KW - N712M78A8G KW - Aldrin KW - OZE3CLY605 KW - arsenic trioxide KW - S7V92P67HO KW - Tetrachloroethylene KW - TJ904HH8SN KW - Index Medicus KW - Aldrin -- toxicity KW - Micronucleus Tests KW - Arsenic -- toxicity KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Dieldrin -- toxicity KW - Plants KW - Biological Assay KW - Heptachlor -- toxicity KW - Tetrachloroethylene -- toxicity KW - Organometallic Compounds -- toxicity KW - Benz(a)Anthracenes -- toxicity KW - Water Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Soil Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Mutagens -- analysis KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79349804?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Clastogenicity+evaluation+of+seven+chemicals+commonly+found+at+hazardous+industrial+waste+sites.&rft.au=Sandhu%2C+S+S%3BMa%2C+T+H%3BPeng%2C+Y%3BZhou%2C+X+D&rft.aulast=Sandhu&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1989-12-01&rft.volume=224&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=437&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1990-01-03 N1 - Date created - 1990-01-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An overview of maternal toxicity and prenatal development: considerations for developmental toxicity hazard assessments. AN - 79349453; 2686096 AB - The objective of testing xenobiotics for potential developmental toxicity is to extrapolate laboratory animal information to the human species, thereby deriving biologically rational regulatory policies. One of the problems that significantly contributes to the difficulty of this task is the possibility that general effects on the maternal organism could affect the developing conceptus. Published data have indicated that factors intrinsic to the maternal organism affect developmental outcome. This overview examines factors which may bear directly or indirectly upon developmental outcome, with emphasis on those of greatest relevance to the hazard assessment process. Standard teratology testing protocols often call for dose levels that induce overt maternal toxicity, and the developmental effects of this toxicity (both alone, and with concurrent embryo/fetal insult) continue to present regulators with considerable interpretive difficulties. In response to these problems there have been both research and literature review efforts dealing with the relationship of maternal and developmental toxicity. Relevant studies are reviewed here, and suggestions for avenues of future research are offered including the identification of any syndromes of developmental effects occurring at maternally toxic levels irrespective of the causative agent, and experimental approaches for the characterization of maternal toxicity. JF - Toxicology AU - Chernoff, N AU - Rogers, J M AU - Kavlock, R J AD - Health Effects Research Laboratory, Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1989/12/01/ PY - 1989 DA - 1989 Dec 01 SP - 111 EP - 125 VL - 59 IS - 2 SN - 0300-483X, 0300-483X KW - Teratogens KW - 0 KW - Xenobiotics KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Maternal-Fetal Exchange KW - Xenobiotics -- toxicity KW - Embryonic and Fetal Development -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79349453?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology&rft.atitle=An+overview+of+maternal+toxicity+and+prenatal+development%3A+considerations+for+developmental+toxicity+hazard+assessments.&rft.au=Chernoff%2C+N%3BRogers%2C+J+M%3BKavlock%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Chernoff&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1989-12-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=111&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology&rft.issn=0300483X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-12-27 N1 - Date created - 1989-12-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The postnatal growth of ICRP target organs in reference humans: spleen and liver. AN - 79338142; 2584027 AB - Attempts to improve radiation dose estimates to infants and children are hampered because of the lack of mathematical models that describe the age variation in anatomical and physiological parameters. Specifically, for one anatomical parameter, organ size, there are no growth models available to the health physics community. In this paper, an empirical mathematical model is introduced for estimating age-specific masses of two ICRP target organs: the spleen and liver. That model, the Power Logistic Additive (PLA) growth model, is fitted to ICRP 23 organ growth data to determine five growth parameters. This model assumes that organs grow under the influence of two main processes: a primary (power function) and a sexual maturation (logistic function) process, which are additive from birth to adulthood. The results show that the model describes the ICRP growth data quite well. Growth parameters and tables listing the predicted masses and mass velocities as a function of age for each organ are provided for application in the ICRP modeling system. JF - Health physics AU - Walker, J T AD - Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Radiation Programs, Bioeffects Analysis Branch, Washington, DC 20460. Y1 - 1989/12// PY - 1989 DA - December 1989 SP - 927 EP - 933 VL - 57 IS - 6 SN - 0017-9078, 0017-9078 KW - Index Medicus KW - Infant KW - Radiation Monitoring -- methods KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Child KW - Adolescent KW - Organ Size KW - Male KW - Female KW - Child, Preschool KW - Spleen -- anatomy & histology KW - Liver -- anatomy & histology KW - Liver -- growth & development KW - Spleen -- growth & development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79338142?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Health+physics&rft.atitle=The+postnatal+growth+of+ICRP+target+organs+in+reference+humans%3A+spleen+and+liver.&rft.au=Walker%2C+J+T&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1989-12-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=927&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Health+physics&rft.issn=00179078&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1990-01-09 N1 - Date created - 1990-01-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lung function and chronic exposure to air pollution: a cross-sectional analysis of NHANES II. AN - 79330436; 2583077 AB - The effect of air pollution on lung function in children and youths ages 6-24 years was examined, after controlling for age, height, race, sex, body mass, cigarette smoking, and respiratory symptoms. Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume at 1 sec (FEV1), and peak expiratory flow all showed statistically significant (P less than 0.05) negative correlations with annual concentrations of total suspended particulates (TSP), nitrogen dioxide, and ozone. The ozone and NO2 relationships were highly significant. The TSP relationship was less significant. No relationship was found with sulfur dioxide. The relationships held whether or not children with respiratory conditions, or smokers were included. Demographic and geographic variables had little or no impact on the pollution relationships, which also held when only persons still residing in their state of birth were considered. Essentially identical relationships were found using pollution averaged over 2 years. The relationships held across most NO2 concentrations, but were only apparent at high particulate and ozone concentrations. JF - Environmental research AU - Schwartz, J AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. 20460. Y1 - 1989/12// PY - 1989 DA - December 1989 SP - 309 EP - 321 VL - 50 IS - 2 SN - 0013-9351, 0013-9351 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Nitrogen Oxides KW - Ozone KW - 66H7ZZK23N KW - Index Medicus KW - Information Systems KW - Vital Capacity KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Child KW - Forced Expiratory Volume KW - Air Pollutants -- adverse effects KW - Ozone -- adverse effects KW - Child, Preschool KW - Infant KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Adult KW - Health Surveys KW - Nitrogen Oxides -- adverse effects KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Lung Diseases -- etiology KW - Air Pollution -- adverse effects KW - Lung Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Lung -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79330436?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+research&rft.atitle=Lung+function+and+chronic+exposure+to+air+pollution%3A+a+cross-sectional+analysis+of+NHANES+II.&rft.au=Schwartz%2C+J&rft.aulast=Schwartz&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1989-12-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=309&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+research&rft.issn=00139351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1990-01-10 N1 - Date created - 1990-01-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - EPA's perspective on regulation of wastes from oil and gas exploration and production AN - 51240834; 2008-071882 JF - The Interstate Oil & Gas Compact & Committee Bulletin AU - Denit, Jeffery AU - Sullivan, Mike Y1 - 1989/12// PY - 1989 DA - December 1989 SP - 25 EP - 27 PB - Interstate Oil Compact Commission, Oklahoma City, OK VL - 3 IS - 2 SN - 1046-2333, 1046-2333 KW - United States KW - petroleum exploration KW - natural gas KW - regulations KW - government agencies KW - U. S. Environmental Protection Agency KW - pollution KW - petroleum KW - production KW - cost KW - recovery KW - waste management KW - mitigation KW - waste disposal KW - industry KW - 29A:Economic geology, geology of energy sources KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51240834?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Interstate+Oil+%26+Gas+Compact+%26+Committee+Bulletin&rft.atitle=EPA%27s+perspective+on+regulation+of+wastes+from+oil+and+gas+exploration+and+production&rft.au=Denit%2C+Jeffery%3BSullivan%2C+Mike&rft.aulast=Denit&rft.aufirst=Jeffery&rft.date=1989-12-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=25&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Interstate+Oil+%26+Gas+Compact+%26+Committee+Bulletin&rft.issn=10462333&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 1989 annual meeting of the Interstate Oil Compact Commission N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2008-01-01 N1 - PubXState - OK N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - cost; government agencies; industry; mitigation; natural gas; petroleum; petroleum exploration; pollution; production; recovery; regulations; U. S. Environmental Protection Agency; United States; waste disposal; waste management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Expert System Survey on Biodegradation of Xenobiotic Chemicals AN - 19100604; 9005941 AB - To determine the feasibility of developing an expert system for biodegradability assessment, a survey was conducted in which biodegradation experts were asked to estimate rates and products of degradation for 50 chemicals. These chemicals, which varied widely in structure, were considered representative of the spectrum of premanufacture notice chemicals subject to EPA review under the Toxic Substances Control Act. There was substantial agreement among the 22 experts on both sites of initial attack and rates of degradation. The approximate order in which various groups were viewed as contributing to aerobic biodegradability is as follows: ester, amide, anhydride > hydroxyl > carboxyl, epoxide, site of unsaturation > benzene ring, methyl, methylene. Hydrolyzable groups, azo bonds, halogens, and nitro groups were preferred sites of anaerobic attack. Among the negative influences on aerobic biodegradability were molecular mass, branching, halogenation, and nitrogen heterocycles. Results also indicate that estimates of removal by biodegradation in aerobic wastewater treatment and time for aerobic ultimate and primary degradation were well correlated, and that the predictive value of such correlations could be improved using correction factors for certain classes of chemicals. The results lend support to existing rules of thumb, but also offer additional insight that will prove useful in designing a prototype system. (Author 's abstract) JF - Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety EESADV Vol. 18, No. 3, p 252-267, December 1989. 2 fig, 5 tab, 8 ref. AU - Boethling, R S AU - Gregg, B AU - Frederick, R AU - Gabel, N W AU - Cambell, SE AD - Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC. Office of Toxic Substances Y1 - 1989/12// PY - 1989 DA - Dec 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Biodegradation KW - Chemical wastes KW - Fate of pollutants KW - Toxic wastes KW - Aerobic degradation KW - Anaerobic degradation KW - Expert systems KW - Feasibility studies KW - Organic compounds KW - Polymers KW - Wastewater treatment KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19100604?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Expert+System+Survey+on+Biodegradation+of+Xenobiotic+Chemicals&rft.au=Boethling%2C+R+S%3BGregg%2C+B%3BFrederick%2C+R%3BGabel%2C+N+W%3BCambell%2C+SE&rft.aulast=Boethling&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1989-12-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Heavy Metal Concentrations in Ohio River Sediments--Longitudinal and Temporal Patterns AN - 19068639; 9006104 AB - Concentrations of barium, cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, lead, manganese, nickel, and zinc were determined in sediment samples collected in 1987 at 11 sites in the Ohio River between Pittsburgh, PA, and Louisville, KY. Samples were digested by nitric acid treatment. Concentrations of metals generally decreased with distance downstream, with highest values occurring in the industrial upper Ohio River. The longitudinal trend paralleled the pattern found 10 years earlier by the Ohio River Valley Water Sanitation Commission. Concentrations of cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, lead, nickel and zinc in 1987 were lower at most sites than those in 1977. In contrast, the manganese concentration was generally higher in 1987, while barium levels did not differ between the two sampling periods. Most metal concentrations in the Ohio River remain greater by two to eight standard deviations than background concentrations of metals published for the State of Ohio. (Author 's abstract) JF - Ohio Journal of Science OJSCA9 Vol. 89, No. 5, p 172-175, December 1989. 2 fig, 1 tab, 24 ref. AU - Youger, J D AU - Mitsch, W J AD - Ohio State Environmental Protection Agency Columbus Y1 - 1989/12// PY - 1989 DA - Dec 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Heavy metals KW - Ohio River KW - Path of pollutants KW - Water pollution KW - Barium KW - Cadmium KW - Chromium KW - Copper KW - Distribution patterns KW - Iron KW - Lead KW - Manganese KW - Nickel KW - Temporal variation KW - Zinc KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19068639?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Heavy+Metal+Concentrations+in+Ohio+River+Sediments--Longitudinal+and+Temporal+Patterns&rft.au=Youger%2C+J+D%3BMitsch%2C+W+J&rft.aulast=Youger&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1989-12-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Granulated Activated Carbon Water Treatment and Potential Radiation Hazards AN - 19067644; 9006730 AB - Early enthusiasm for granular activated carbon (GAC) as the radon treatment medium of choice for very small systems has diminished in consideration of the secondary radiation problems it presents. GAC remains a viable treatment method for radon only at the low end of the radon concentration range. In domestic water supplies this is 5000 pCi/l or less. The initial cost advantages of the GAC system may be overridden by the potential costs of dealing with problems of gamma radiation shielding or the need to regenerate or dispose of radioactive spent carbon should the system become plugged or otherwise fail. Model calculations of gamma dose allow design estimates for domestic systems to be made with reasonable accuracy. Using the model 's point source dose feature should enable water system designers to estimate radiation exposures for larger units, since the point source calculation is independent of the shape or size of the source, and does not consider self-absorption within the source. On-site verification of gamma dose by a recently calibrated survey meter, after several weeks of filter operation is good engineering practice and should be done to check the accuracy of the model calculation. (Author 's abstract) JF - Journal of the New England Water Works Association JNEWA6 Vol. 103, No. 4, p 234-248, December 1989. 8 fig, 1 tab, 12 ref. AU - Rydell, S AU - Keene, B AU - Lowry, J AD - Environmental Protection Agency Boston, MA. Water Supply Branch Y1 - 1989/12// PY - 1989 DA - Dec 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Activated carbon KW - Granular activated carbon KW - Hazardous materials KW - Radon KW - Water treatment KW - Costs KW - Domestic water KW - Gamma radiation KW - Model studies KW - Radioactivity KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19067644?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Granulated+Activated+Carbon+Water+Treatment+and+Potential+Radiation+Hazards&rft.au=Rydell%2C+S%3BKeene%2C+B%3BLowry%2C+J&rft.aulast=Rydell&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1989-12-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of the effects of acute and subacute treatment of phenobarbital in different strains of mice. AN - 79335075; 2819695 AB - A strain specificity has been demonstrated for the effect of subsequent administration of phenobarbital (PB), in which diethylnitrosamine (DENA)-initiated hepatocarcinogenesis was promoted in C3H mice, inhibited in B6C3F1 (C57BL x C3H) and not affected in C57BL mice. A correlation has been established between the ability of barbiturates and hydantoins to promote tumor formation and their ability to induce liver growth, hepatic DNA synthesis and mixed function oxidase activities. Therefore, we examined in these 3 strains of mice and in C3B6F1 (C3H x C57BL) mice the effect of PB administered in their drinking water for 4 days or 28 days. The liver weight to body weight ratio was increased by PB in all types of mice. Microsomal protein concentrations were increased in C57BL mice after 28 days of treatment, in C3H after both 4 days and 28 days and in B6C3F1 after 4 days of treatment. No effect upon microsomal protein content was observed in C3B6F1 mice. DNA content was increased in C3H mice, both in the 4-day and 28-day treatment groups, while the other strains showed either a decrease or no difference from control. DNA synthesis was elevated in all strains of mice after 4 days of treatment with PB, however, after 28 days of treatment there was either a much reduced increase (C57BL and C3B6F1) or no difference (C3H and B6C3F1) from controls. In all 4 types of mice after 4 and 28 days of treatment, PB increased the concentration of cytochrome P-450, the activity of aminopyrine-N-demethylase (AmDm) and 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (ErDe) and the oxidation of testosterone (T). The oxidative metabolites of T were similar in the 4 types of mice. JF - Cancer letters AU - Lin, E L AU - Klaunig, J E AU - Mattox, J K AU - Weghorst, C M AU - McFarland, B H AU - Pereira, M A AD - Genetic Toxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH 45268. Y1 - 1989/11/15/ PY - 1989 DA - 1989 Nov 15 SP - 43 EP - 51 VL - 48 IS - 1 SN - 0304-3835, 0304-3835 KW - Testosterone KW - 3XMK78S47O KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System KW - 9035-51-2 KW - Oxidoreductases KW - EC 1.- KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 KW - EC 1.14.14.1 KW - Aminopyrine N-Demethylase KW - EC 1.5.3.- KW - Phenobarbital KW - YQE403BP4D KW - Index Medicus KW - Liver -- anatomy & histology KW - Animals KW - Oxidoreductases -- metabolism KW - Aminopyrine N-Demethylase -- metabolism KW - Testosterone -- metabolism KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Microsomes, Liver -- metabolism KW - DNA -- metabolism KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System -- metabolism KW - Mice KW - Time Factors KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Liver Neoplasms, Experimental -- genetics KW - Mice, Inbred Strains -- physiology KW - Liver Neoplasms, Experimental -- chemically induced KW - Phenobarbital -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79335075?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+letters&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+the+effects+of+acute+and+subacute+treatment+of+phenobarbital+in+different+strains+of+mice.&rft.au=Lin%2C+E+L%3BKlaunig%2C+J+E%3BMattox%2C+J+K%3BWeghorst%2C+C+M%3BMcFarland%2C+B+H%3BPereira%2C+M+A&rft.aulast=Lin&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1989-11-15&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=43&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+letters&rft.issn=03043835&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1990-01-09 N1 - Date created - 1990-01-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of ampicillin-induced alterations in murine intestinal microbiota on the survival and competition of environmentally released pseudomonads. AN - 79469435; 2515984 AB - The environmental release of genetically altered microorganisms has prompted the investigation of their potential health effects by the employment of other-than-human models. Although direct health effects are addressed, this investigation examines primarily some potential indirect health effects associated with environmentally released microorganisms. Indirect effects examined include colonization of the gastrointestinal tract, competition with the resident microbiota, and translocation of the dosed microorganisms to other organs. Pseudomonads used in this study were isolated from a commercial product marketed for environmental PCB degradation. When mice were dosed by gavage with approximately 10(9) ampicillin-resistant pseudomonads, an increase in recovery from the intestinal tract, as compared to untreated animals, was observed 48 hr after dosing. Intestinal survival of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain BC16 was enhanced 1000-fold and that of P. maltophilia strain BC6, 10-fold. Strains BC17 and BC18 were unaffected. Ampicillin treatment had a significant effect on the relative number of microbiota in the intestine, by selecting primarily for the facultative species. The lactose-fermenting enterobacteria, obligately anaerobic predominantly Gram-negative rods, and total aerobic and anaerobic populations were monitored in the presence and absence of the PCB-degrading pseudomonad. P. aeruginosa strain BC17 and P. maltophilia strain BC6 had a dose effect (p less than 0.05) on the total aerobic and anaerobic populations as well as the lactose-fermenting enterobacteria. These results are similar to those for the mouse isolate control, strain PAMG. P. aeruginosa strain BC18 had a dose effect (p less than 0.05) on the total anaerobic population, including the obligately anaerobic Gram-negative bacilli. No translocation of the dosed strains to the liver, spleen, or lung was observed 48 hr after dosing. JF - Fundamental and applied toxicology : official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - George, S E AU - Walsh, D B AU - Stead, A G AU - Claxton, L D AD - Health Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1989/11// PY - 1989 DA - November 1989 SP - 670 EP - 680 VL - 13 IS - 4 SN - 0272-0590, 0272-0590 KW - Ampicillin KW - 7C782967RD KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls KW - DFC2HB4I0K KW - Lactose KW - J2B2A4N98G KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Mice, Inbred ICR KW - Lactose -- metabolism KW - Bacteria, Aerobic -- drug effects KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls -- metabolism KW - Enterobacteriaceae -- drug effects KW - Mice KW - Bacteria, Anaerobic -- drug effects KW - Enterobacteriaceae -- metabolism KW - Male KW - Intestines -- drug effects KW - Ampicillin -- toxicity KW - Pseudomonas -- drug effects KW - Pseudomonas -- metabolism KW - Intestines -- microbiology KW - Environmental Microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79469435?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fundamental+and+applied+toxicology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+ampicillin-induced+alterations+in+murine+intestinal+microbiota+on+the+survival+and+competition+of+environmentally+released+pseudomonads.&rft.au=George%2C+S+E%3BWalsh%2C+D+B%3BStead%2C+A+G%3BClaxton%2C+L+D&rft.aulast=George&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1989-11-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=670&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fundamental+and+applied+toxicology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=02720590&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1990-03-19 N1 - Date created - 1990-03-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biochemical and biological markers: implications for epidemiologic studies. AN - 79430140; 2610525 AB - Given that a major task for environmental epidemiology is to provide clear evidence of immediate and long-term health risks so that appropriate preventive measures can be taken, biochemical and biological markers of potentially hazardous environmental exposures are of great interest and possibly of great value. Such markers fall into two discrete classes: (1) those quantitatively related to the exposure itself, reflecting the magnitude of such exposures or the body burden of the pollutants, and (2) those markers that reflect the biological response to such exposures. In this paper we discuss the use of biochemical and biological markers in epidemiologic studies. Methods are presented for the use of markers to decrease misclassification errors in exposure studies. Relationships are derived that give minimum required values for laboratory sensitivity and specificity. Markers are also discussed in terms of some of the inherent problems in their use (e.g., ethical and legal considerations) and the likelihood of acceptance by participants in epidemiologic studies, researchers, regulators, and health professionals. JF - Archives of environmental health AU - Griffith, J AU - Duncan, R C AU - Hulka, B S AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Health Effects Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. PY - 1989 SP - 375 EP - 381 VL - 44 IS - 6 SN - 0003-9896, 0003-9896 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Humans KW - Models, Statistical KW - Epidemiological Monitoring KW - Epidemiologic Methods KW - Environmental Exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79430140?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+environmental+health&rft.atitle=Biochemical+and+biological+markers%3A+implications+for+epidemiologic+studies.&rft.au=Griffith%2C+J%3BDuncan%2C+R+C%3BHulka%2C+B+S&rft.aulast=Griffith&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1989-11-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=375&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+environmental+health&rft.issn=00039896&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1990-02-15 N1 - Date created - 1990-02-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-14 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-19 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The exposure of the general population to benzene. AN - 79380445; 2598086 JF - Cell biology and toxicology AU - Wallace, L A AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460. Y1 - 1989/11// PY - 1989 DA - November 1989 SP - 297 EP - 314 VL - 5 IS - 3 SN - 0742-2091, 0742-2091 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution KW - Benzene KW - J64922108F KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Risk KW - Leukemia -- chemically induced KW - Half-Life KW - Humans KW - Smoking -- metabolism KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- toxicity KW - Occupational Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Benzene -- pharmacokinetics KW - Benzene -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79380445?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cell+biology+and+toxicology&rft.atitle=The+exposure+of+the+general+population+to+benzene.&rft.au=Wallace%2C+L+A&rft.aulast=Wallace&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1989-11-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=297&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cell+biology+and+toxicology&rft.issn=07422091&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1990-01-30 N1 - Date created - 1990-01-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Species and strain sensitivity to the induction of peroxisome proliferation by chloroacetic acids. AN - 79310520; 2815084 AB - B6C3F1 mice and Sprague-Dawley rats were provided drinking water containing 6-31 mM (1-5 g/liter) trichloroacetic acid (TCA), 8-39 mM (1-5 g/liter) dichloroacetic acid (DCA), or 11-32 mM (1-3 g/liter) monochloroacetic acid (MCA) for 14 days. TCA and DCA, but not MCA, increased the mouse relative liver weight in a dose-dependent manner. Rat liver weights were not altered by TCA or DCA treatment, but were depressed by MCA. Hepatic peroxisome proliferation was demonstrated by (1) increased palmitoyl-CoA oxidase and carnitine acetyl transferase activities, (2) appearance of a peroxisome proliferation-associated protein, and (3) morphometric analysis of electron micrographs. Mouse peroxisome proliferation was enhanced in a dose-dependent manner by both TCA and DCA, but only the high DCA concentration (39 mM) increased rat liver peroxisome proliferation. MCA was ineffective in both species. Three other mouse strains (Swiss-Webster, C3H, and C57BL/6) and two strains of rat (F344 and Osborne-Mendel) were examined for sensitivity to TCA. TCA (12 and 31 mM) effectively enhanced peroxisome proliferation in all mouse strains, especially the C57BL/6. A more modest enhancement in the Osborne-Mendel (288%) and F344 rat (167%) was seen. Dosing F344 rats with 200 mg/kg TCA in water or corn oil for 10 days increased peroxisome proliferation 179 and 278%, respectively, above the vehicle controls. These studies demonstrate that the mouse is more sensitive than the rat with respect to the enhancement of liver peroxisome proliferation by TCA and DCA and suggest that if peroxisome proliferation is critical for the induction of hepatic cancer by TCA and DCA, then the rat should be less sensitive or refractory to tumor induction. JF - Toxicology and applied pharmacology AU - DeAngelo, A B AU - Daniel, F B AU - McMillan, L AU - Wernsing, P AU - Savage, R E AD - Genetic Toxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268. Y1 - 1989/11// PY - 1989 DA - November 1989 SP - 285 EP - 298 VL - 101 IS - 2 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - Acetates KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens KW - Pharmaceutical Vehicles KW - Water KW - 059QF0KO0R KW - chloroacetic acid KW - 5GD84Y125G KW - Trichloroacetic Acid KW - 5V2JDO056X KW - Corn Oil KW - 8001-30-7 KW - Dichloroacetic Acid KW - 9LSH52S3LQ KW - Carnitine O-Acetyltransferase KW - EC 2.3.1.7 KW - Index Medicus KW - Water -- analysis KW - Animals KW - Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel KW - Mice KW - Corn Oil -- analysis KW - Rats KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Mice, Inbred C3H KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Carnitine O-Acetyltransferase -- metabolism KW - Species Specificity KW - Male KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Microbodies -- enzymology KW - Liver -- enzymology KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Trichloroacetic Acid -- pharmacology KW - Microbodies -- analysis KW - Microbodies -- drug effects KW - Liver -- analysis KW - Dichloroacetic Acid -- pharmacology KW - Acetates -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79310520?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Species+and+strain+sensitivity+to+the+induction+of+peroxisome+proliferation+by+chloroacetic+acids.&rft.au=DeAngelo%2C+A+B%3BDaniel%2C+F+B%3BMcMillan%2C+L%3BWernsing%2C+P%3BSavage%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=DeAngelo&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1989-11-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=285&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-12-21 N1 - Date created - 1989-12-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Strategies for the use of computational SAR methods in assessing genotoxicity. AN - 79305289; 2682228 AB - The relationship between computational SAR studies and relevant data gathering and generation activities is complex. First, the chemical class to be studied is selected on the basis of information requirements for hazard identification and assessment. Membership in the class is determined by consideration of chemical structure and reactivity. Compilation of the existing bioassay data for this chemical class follows immediately from the specification of the class. Bioassay data, qualitative knowledge of general chemical reactivities in this class, and knowledge concerning potential interactions with biomolecular targets all contribute to the derivation of possible mechanisms for biological activity. Computational studies based on modeling the proposed mechanism of action and/or the existing data base can provide a quantitative basis for the differentiation between chemicals. There is the opportunity for continuing feedback between the quantitative computational studies and the development of a relevant bioassay data base for this chemical class. The qualitative and quantitative information on the potential biological responses obtained will provide a rational basis for extrapolation from the extant data base to the chemicals of interest, and to biological responses significant to the assessment for which complete data are unavailable. Knowledge concerning possible mechanisms of action and preexisting data determine the type of computational study that will be most useful. JF - Mutation research AU - Richard, A M AU - Rabinowitz, J R AU - Waters, M D AD - Genetic Toxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1989/11// PY - 1989 DA - November 1989 SP - 181 EP - 196 VL - 221 IS - 3 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Index Medicus KW - Information Systems KW - Animals KW - Thermodynamics KW - Humans KW - Forecasting KW - Models, Biological KW - Models, Theoretical KW - Mutagenicity Tests -- methods KW - Structure-Activity Relationship UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79305289?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Strategies+for+the+use+of+computational+SAR+methods+in+assessing+genotoxicity.&rft.au=Richard%2C+A+M%3BRabinowitz%2C+J+R%3BWaters%2C+M+D&rft.aulast=Richard&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1989-11-01&rft.volume=221&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=181&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-12-18 N1 - Date created - 1989-12-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of Statistical Methods in Industrial Water Pollution Control Regulations in the United States AN - 19103342; 9100125 AB - The process of developing regulations to limit the discharge of pollutants from industrial sources includes studies and surveys of the industry to define products, processes, wastewater sources and characteristics, and appropriate subcategorization and control technologies in use. Developing effluent limitations is accomplished by first identifying and characterizing the various industrial point source categories. Limitations on the amount of pollutants that may be discharged in treated wastewater are based on the statistical analysis of physical and chemical analytical data characterizing the performance capability of technologies currently in use. Pollutants regulated include conventional pollutants such as biochemical oxygen demand and pH, toxic pollutants identified on the priority pollutant list, and nonconventional pollutants such as radioactivity, color, and chemicals not on the priority pollutant list. Effluent limitations are numerical values which act as boundaries on measures that indicate how well an industrial process is operating. The statistical procedures used to determine limitations involve the fitting of effluent data to distributions and the use of estimated upper percentiles of the distributions as the basis of the limitations. In the majority of cases, the lognormal distribution, or a straightforward extension of the lognormal distribution, provides a reasonable fit to effluent data. The determination of regulatory discharge limitations, based on estimates of percentiles of lognormal distributions of measured pollutant concentrations in treated wastewater, has resulted in the formalization of engineering ' rules of thumb ' into variability factors determined from ratios of high effluent to average levels. Regulatory efforts then rely on statistical measures such as daily maximum and maximum monthly averages. Modifications are made to account for different averaging periods and detection limit observations. (Tappert-PTT) JF - Environmental Monitoring and Assessment EMASDH, Vol. 13, No. 2/3 , p 129-148, November 1989. 7 fig, 3 tab, 5 ref. AU - Rubin, M B AU - Kahn, H D AD - Environmental Protection Agency Y1 - 1989/11// PY - 1989 DA - Nov 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Compliance Environmental protection Industrial wastewater KW - Statistical analysis Statistical methods Water pollution control KW - Pollution load Regulations Statistics Wastewater disposal Water KW - pollution sources KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19103342?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Use+of+Statistical+Methods+in+Industrial+Water+Pollution+Control+Regulations+in+the+United+States&rft.au=Rubin%2C+M+B%3BKahn%2C+H+D&rft.aulast=Rubin&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1989-11-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hydrologic Processes Affecting the Movement of Organic Chemicals in Soils AN - 19094214; 9010910 AB - The partitioning of pesticides within and between environmental media (e.g., air, water, soil) is influenced by the hydrologic water cycle. For environmental studies (e.g., field or modelling), the primary focus of interest is the transfer of water and chemicals between the various storage components. The exchanges of water in the hydrologic cycle are precipitation, runoff, evaporation, transpiration, transport, and storage. Watershed is the most common areal unit studied for pesticide interaction within the hydrologic cycle. The watershed has distinct drainage boundaries and is subject to surface and subsurface water movement. Chemicals interact with water movement and exchanges within the watershed. The primary process for partitioning of pesticides within the various components of the hydrologic cycle is sorption/desorption. The sorption/desorption process plus others such as infiltration, erosion, etc. will influence the media (e.g., air, water, and soil) and the magnitude or extent of displacement. The most common form for describing this displacement has been the linear form of the Freundlich equation. Pesticide leaching losses to groundwater are generally related to low-sorbing chemicals. Estimates of the percent material lost are in the order of 1%-5% of the applied material. These concentrations will be influenced by the persistence of the chemicals in groundwater, aquifer porosity, and depth of mixing in the aquifer. (See also W90-10893) (Agostine-PTT) JF - Reactions and Movement of Organic Chemicals in Soils. Proceedings of a Symposium of the Soil Science Society of America and the American Society of Agronomy, Atlanta, Georgia November 30 - December 1, 1987. SSSA Special Publication No. 22. Soil Science Society of America, Inc., Madison, WI. 1989. p 439-445, 1 fig, 5 tab, 19 ref. AU - Carsel, R F AD - Environmental Protection Agency Athens, GA Y1 - 1989/11// PY - 1989 DA - Nov 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Groundwater pollution KW - Organic compounds KW - Path of pollutants KW - Pesticides KW - Soil contamination KW - Water pollution sources KW - Adsorption-desorption KW - Agricultural chemicals KW - Evaporation KW - Fate of pollutants KW - Isotherms KW - Leaching KW - Precipitation KW - Runoff KW - Transpiration KW - Watersheds KW - SW 0845:Water in soils KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - SW 0840:Groundwater UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19094214?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Hydrologic+Processes+Affecting+the+Movement+of+Organic+Chemicals+in+Soils&rft.au=Carsel%2C+R+F&rft.aulast=Carsel&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1989-11-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Proposed Technical Sludge Regulation Update AN - 19087475; 9005348 AB - Comments and issues brought up during the peer review of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 's (EPA) proposed comprehensive technical sludge regulations (40 CFR Part 503) are discussed. The proposed rules were criticized as being overly stringent and therefore discouraging the beneficial use of sludge by the greatest number of commentors. Although incinerator operators disagreed with the definition of the most exposed individual (MEI) used in the proposal, they felt that they could meet whatever the ultimate emission control requirements might be. The U.S. Forest Service expressed reservations about sludge utilization on forest land, partly because of a lack of staff to monitor the practice. A presentation of analyses and proposed responses to concerns brought up by the peer review groups is expected sometime between November 1989 and January 1990. Although the Association of Metropolitan Sewerage Agencies (AMSA) and members of the first peer review group urged a reproposal and utilization of regulatory negotiations, probably neither process will take place because of a lawsuit filed by the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC) for the EPA 's delay in issuing regulations to control sewage sludge management practices. There are no plans to repropose the regulations. (Male-PTT) JF - Biocycle BCYCDK Vol. 30, No. 11, p 46-48, November 1989. AU - Walker, J M AD - Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC. Office of Municipal Pollution Control Y1 - 1989/11// PY - 1989 DA - Nov 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Sludge disposal KW - Regulations KW - Sludge utilization KW - Sludge conditioning KW - Wastewater management KW - Legal aspects KW - SW 3050:Ultimate disposal of wastes KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19087475?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Proposed+Technical+Sludge+Regulation+Update&rft.au=Walker%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1989-11-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mapping Out a Plan to Protect Arizona 's Groundwater AN - 19085542; 9006030 AB - The Arizona Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) is addressing the health threat posed by nitrates with a progressive groundwater protection program. Among other functions, the program is designed to monitor and reduce nitrate levels state-wide. Assisting the DEQ in its efforts is a geographical information system using graphics software and running on a computer workstation with a 19-inch color monitor and an eight-color plotter. Data has been downloaded from the state land department 's database into state topographic maps. Groundwater-quality data has also been downloaded, including nitrate levels obtained by field testing of wells. To map these levels, a hydrologist overlays the latest map with nitrate data. A program then transforms the point data, in this case, the well heads, into color-coded contours that estimate nitrate levels for the entire region. Using a menu of pull-down symbols, the hydrologists can also plot pollution sources, water levels in tested wells, location of public water supplies and land-use activities which affect the groundwater flow in given areas. As new test results come in, the maps can be updated using a ' mouse'. (Chonka-PTT) JF - Water Engineering and Management WENMD2 Vol. 137, No. 11, p 24-26, November 1989. AU - Totman, D AD - Arizona Dept. of Environmental Quality Phoenix. Office of Water Quality Y1 - 1989/11// PY - 1989 DA - Nov 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Arizona KW - Environmental protection KW - Groundwater quality KW - Hydrologic maps KW - Water pollution control KW - Water pollution prevention KW - Administrative agencies KW - Computers KW - Geographic information systems KW - Management planning KW - Nitrates KW - SW 2040:Groundwater management KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19085542?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Mapping+Out+a+Plan+to+Protect+Arizona+%27s+Groundwater&rft.au=Totman%2C+D&rft.aulast=Totman&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1989-11-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hydrolytic Transformations of Organic Chemicals in the Environment AN - 19054554; 9010902 AB - Hydrolysis is a significant process in determining the fate of many pesticides. For many compounds, hydrolysis can be the dominant pathway for their transformation in the environment. Often hydrolysis of selected functional groups is required before microbial degradation can be initiated. Some functional groups, however, are relatively or completely inert with respect to hydrolysis under reaction conditions that exist in most ecosystems. Functional groups that are potentially susceptible to hydrolysis include: (1) amides; (2) carbamates; (3) epoxides; (4) aliphatic and aromatic esters; (5) alkyl and aryl halides; (6) nitriles; and (7) phosphorus esters (phosphonates, phosphates and thiophosphates, and phosphonohalides). In the environment, hydrolysis reactions can be biologically mediated or occur via abiotic processes. In abiotic hydrolysis reactions, the hydrolysis rates can be a function of chemical parameters such as pH, dissolved organic matter, and dissolved metal ions. Factors that influence the rate of abiotic hydrolysis reactions in soils and sediments are reviewed. Hydrolysis in saturated soils is examined. Disappearance kinetic expressions are proposed that account for hydrolysis in both aqueous and solid phases. Observed rate enhancements and retardations are related to the pH of the system and the reaction pathway. The state-of-the-art of hydrolytic processes in heterolytic reaction media is assessed. (See also W90-10893) (Agostine-PTT) JF - Reactions and Movement of Organic Chemicals in Soils. Proceedings of a Symposium of the Soil Science Society of America and the American Society of Agronomy, Atlanta, Georgia November 30 - December 1, 1987. SSSA Special Publication No. 22. Soil Science Society of America, Inc., Madison, WI. 1989. p 229-242, 3 fig, 2 tab, 45 ref. AU - Wolfe, N L AU - Metwally, ME AU - Moftah, A E AD - Environmental Protection Agency Athens, GA Y1 - 1989/11// PY - 1989 DA - Nov 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Biodegradation KW - Fate of pollutants KW - Hydrolysis KW - Organic compounds KW - Pesticides KW - Amides KW - Carbamates KW - Ecosystems KW - Epoxides KW - Esters KW - Halogenated compounds KW - Hydrogen ion concentration KW - Kinetics KW - Nitriles KW - Phosphorus compounds KW - Sediments KW - Soils KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19054554?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Hydrolytic+Transformations+of+Organic+Chemicals+in+the+Environment&rft.au=Wolfe%2C+N+L%3BMetwally%2C+ME%3BMoftah%2C+A+E&rft.aulast=Wolfe&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1989-11-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Consistent oncogene methylation changes in epithelial cells chemically transformed in vitro. AN - 79329395; 2510720 AB - We have examined the restriction digest patterns of CCGG sequences in Kiras, Ha-ras, and c-myc oncogenes in rat tracheal epithelial cells transformed in vitro by 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene, benzo(a)pyrene/12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), or TPA alone. Oncogenes c-myc and Ha-ras in transformed cell lines, compared to normal rat tracheal epithelial cells and untreated primary cultures, had altered Hpa II restriction patterns as demonstrated by hybridizing bands of different molecular weight, or loss of bands. Ki-ras was hypermethylated in all cell derivations, including normal cells. These molecular alterations have not previously been reported for epithelial cells transformed in vitro by polycyclic hydrocarbons and tumor promoters, and suggest common mechanisms of action for agents with diverse molecular targets. JF - Biochemical and biophysical research communications AU - Mass, M J AU - Schorschinsky, N S AU - Lasley, J A AU - Beeman, D K AU - Austin, S J AD - Genetic Toxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1989/10/31/ PY - 1989 DA - 1989 Oct 31 SP - 693 EP - 699 VL - 164 IS - 2 SN - 0006-291X, 0006-291X KW - Benzo(a)pyrene KW - 3417WMA06D KW - 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene KW - 57-97-6 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate KW - NI40JAQ945 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Epithelium -- drug effects KW - DNA -- drug effects KW - Rats KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Base Sequence KW - Epithelial Cells KW - Blotting, Southern KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Restriction Mapping KW - DNA -- genetics KW - Trachea KW - Methylation KW - Cell Line KW - Male KW - Benzo(a)pyrene -- pharmacology KW - Genes, ras -- drug effects KW - 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene -- pharmacology KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate -- pharmacology KW - Proto-Oncogenes -- drug effects KW - Cell Transformation, Neoplastic UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79329395?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemical+and+biophysical+research+communications&rft.atitle=Consistent+oncogene+methylation+changes+in+epithelial+cells+chemically+transformed+in+vitro.&rft.au=Mass%2C+M+J%3BSchorschinsky%2C+N+S%3BLasley%2C+J+A%3BBeeman%2C+D+K%3BAustin%2C+S+J&rft.aulast=Mass&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1989-10-31&rft.volume=164&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=693&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biochemical+and+biophysical+research+communications&rft.issn=0006291X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-12-11 N1 - Date created - 1989-12-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Flow cytometric comparison of the effects of trialkyltins on the murine erythroleukemic cell. AN - 79260362; 2799821 AB - Cellular effects of exposure to tributyltin (TBT), triethyltin (TET), or trimethyltin (TMT) were investigated by flow cytometry employing the murine erythroleukemic cell (MELC) as a model cellular system. Cell viability was investigated by the carboxyfluorescein diacetate (CFDA) uptake/propidium iodide (PI) exclusion method: above a critical concentration (exposure for 4 h), which was specific for each of the trialkyltin compounds, the cell becomes permeable to PI, indicating loss of viability. Cellular CF fluorescence (derived from intracellular hydrolysis of CFDA) increased as a function of alkyltin concentration below the critical concentration and decreased as viability decreased above the critical concentration. Relative membrane potential, monitored with a cyanine dye (DiOC6), correlated with viability (PI exclusion), remaining essentially unaltered below the critical concentration and decreasing above it. At/above 1 microM TBT, 5 microM TET, or 100 microM TMT, the cell cycle was blocked in the G2/M phase. The 90 degrees light scatter (a measure of refractive index), axial light loss (a measure of volume), and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) fluorescence (a measure of protein content) of nuclei isolated from trialkyltin-treated MELC by detergent treatment, increased as a function of organotin dose. Fluorescence and interference microscopy revealed increased quantities of residual cytoplasmic tags adherent to the nuclei as a function of organotin dose, apparently resulting from increased cytoplasmic resistance to detergent-mediated solubilization. The effects of the trialkyltins correlated with their lipophilicity (octanol/water coefficient). These data support the hypothesis that fixation (protein denaturation, cross-linking, etc.) is an important mode of organotin cytotoxicity. JF - Toxicology AU - Zucker, R M AU - Elstein, K H AU - Easterling, R E AU - Massaro, E J AD - Developmental and Cell Toxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1989/10/02/ PY - 1989 DA - 1989 Oct 02 SP - 107 EP - 119 VL - 58 IS - 2 SN - 0300-483X, 0300-483X KW - DNA, Neoplasm KW - 0 KW - Trialkyltin Compounds KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Solubility KW - Fluorescence KW - Cell Survival -- drug effects KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured -- drug effects KW - Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute -- pathology KW - Mice KW - Membrane Potentials -- drug effects KW - DNA, Neoplasm -- analysis KW - Cell Cycle -- drug effects KW - Trialkyltin Compounds -- toxicity KW - Flow Cytometry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79260362?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology&rft.atitle=Flow+cytometric+comparison+of+the+effects+of+trialkyltins+on+the+murine+erythroleukemic+cell.&rft.au=Zucker%2C+R+M%3BElstein%2C+K+H%3BEasterling%2C+R+E%3BMassaro%2C+E+J&rft.aulast=Zucker&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1989-10-02&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=107&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology&rft.issn=0300483X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-11-09 N1 - Date created - 1989-11-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Microbial degradation of seven amides by suspended bacterial populations. AN - 79412450; 2604396 AB - Microbial transformation rate constants were determined for seven amides in natural pond water. A second-order mathematical rate expression served as the model for describing the microbial transformation. Also investigated was the relationship between the infrared spectra and the second-order rate constants for these amides. Second-order rate constants (k2) ranged from a low of 2.0 X 10(-14) to a high of 1.1 X 10(-9) liters organism-1 h-1 for niclosamide (2',5-dichloro-4'-nitrosalicylanilide) and propachlor (2-chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide), respectively. The mechanism of degradation (i.e., microbially mediated hydrolysis) of the amides was consistent with that of other organic chemicals previously studied in a variety of natural waters. Preliminary investigations indicate that temporal variations in measured second-order rate constants are small. A simple linear regression of the infrared carbonyl-stretching frequency with log K2 gave a correlation coefficient (r2) of 0.962. JF - Applied and environmental microbiology AU - Steen, W C AU - Collette, T W AD - Environmental Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, Georgia 30613-7799. Y1 - 1989/10// PY - 1989 DA - October 1989 SP - 2545 EP - 2549 VL - 55 IS - 10 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Amides KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Spectrophotometry, Infrared KW - Molecular Structure KW - Regression Analysis KW - Chemistry KW - Kinetics KW - Chemical Phenomena KW - Biodegradation, Environmental KW - Models, Biological KW - Hydrolysis KW - Bacteria -- metabolism KW - Amides -- metabolism KW - Water Microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79412450?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=Microbial+degradation+of+seven+amides+by+suspended+bacterial+populations.&rft.au=Steen%2C+W+C%3BCollette%2C+T+W&rft.aulast=Steen&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1989-10-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=2545&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1990-02-02 N1 - Date created - 1990-02-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Appl Environ Microbiol. 1987 May;53(5):911-6 [3606098] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of issues relating to the carcinogen risk assessment of chromium. AN - 79401895; 2690340 AB - Important issues in the carcinogenic risk assessment of chromium compounds are whether both trivalent and hexavalent chromium compounds are carcinogenic, the role of solubility in the carcinogenic response, and the carcinogenicity of ingested chromium. Hexavalent chromium compounds are carcinogenic to animals via several routes of exposure, while trivalent chromium compounds, although they demonstrate evidence of genotoxicity, have not been shown in animal studies to be carcinogenic. Workers in chromate production plants, where the risk of lung cancer is elevated, are exposed to both trivalent and hexavalent chromium compounds. A cancer unit risk estimate for Wistar rats exposed to a hexavalent chromium aerosol (sodium dichromate) is less than the risk estimate for workers in chromate production. If this difference is biologically real, a possible explanation may be that trivalent compounds also have a carcinogenic effect. For hexavalent chromium compounds, it is contended that only sparingly soluble hexavalent chromium compounds are carcinogenic. Recent evidence, however, indicates that highly soluble hexavalent chromium compounds are also carcinogenic. Animal ingestion studies have not found trivalent chromium compounds to be carcinogenic by ingestion; hexavalent compounds have not been studied. Research by EPA to address the issue of valence state and solubility with respect to carcinogenicity is currently being conducted. JF - The Science of the total environment AU - Gibb, H AU - Chen, C AD - Carcinogen Assessment Group, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460. Y1 - 1989/10/01/ PY - 1989 DA - 1989 Oct 01 SP - 181 EP - 186 VL - 86 IS - 1-2 SN - 0048-9697, 0048-9697 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Chromium KW - 0R0008Q3JB KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Rats, Inbred Strains KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - Neoplasms -- pathology KW - Chemistry KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Chemical Phenomena KW - Chromium -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79401895?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Science+of+the+total+environment&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+issues+relating+to+the+carcinogen+risk+assessment+of+chromium.&rft.au=Gibb%2C+H%3BChen%2C+C&rft.aulast=Gibb&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1989-10-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=181&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Science+of+the+total+environment&rft.issn=00489697&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1990-02-02 N1 - Date created - 1990-02-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Emerging methodologies for assessment of complex mixtures: application of bioassays in the Integrated Air Cancer Project. AN - 79313012; 2683226 AB - The assessment of complex mixtures of environmental pollutants requires new interdisciplinary strategies. Integration of bioassay methodologies into these strategies is an important tool that provides direct evidence of the toxicity of a mixture. Short-term genetic bioassays are now widely used in the cancer assessment of complex mixtures. New and emerging interdisciplinary methodologies for assessing complex mixtures using bioassays are illustrated by the U.S. EPA's Integrated Air Cancer Project (IACP). The goals of this project are to identify the major airborne carcinogens and their emission sources and to improve the methodology and data available for human exposure and risk assessment from airborne carcinogens. The research effort is focused primarily on characterizing the impact of complex mixtures of products of incomplete combustion, including gaseous, semi-volatile, and particle-bound organic species. Short-term genetic bioassays have been integrated into several analysis strategies, including environmental biomonitoring; bioassay-directed fractionation/characterization; transformation studies; source apportionment; and exposure, dosimetry, and risk assessment. JF - Toxicology and industrial health AU - Lewtas, J AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1989/10// PY - 1989 DA - October 1989 SP - 839 EP - 850 VL - 5 IS - 5 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens, Environmental KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - Humans KW - Carcinogenicity Tests -- methods KW - Air Pollutants -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79313012?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.atitle=Emerging+methodologies+for+assessment+of+complex+mixtures%3A+application+of+bioassays+in+the+Integrated+Air+Cancer+Project.&rft.au=Lewtas%2C+J&rft.aulast=Lewtas&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1989-10-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=839&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-12-05 N1 - Date created - 1989-12-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risk assessment initiatives for noncancer endpoints: implications for risk characterization of chemical mixtures. AN - 79309248; 2683224 AB - Current methods employed in risk assessment for noncarcinogens are associated with the estimation of reference doses (RfDs). These strategies reflect (appropriately) a protective philosophy in both theory and practice. The approaches are limited, however, in terms of the ability to project the likelihood of specific hazard above the reference dose and to integrate the health hazards of exposure to chemical mixtures (including both cancer and noncancer endpoints). Ongoing efforts that address guidelines for risk assessment of non-carcinogens, both singly and as components of mixtures, are presented. Included is a description of the range of potential biological response categories and associated parallel issues of adversity and severity. For example, the progression of histopathological change, organ system dysfunction and organismal disability is examined as it may affect risk characterization of mixtures. Mechanistic principles are suggested as an appropriate focus to systematically evaluate this progression. Once established, these principles may provide a reasonable framework in which to more accurately characterize risks associated with chemical mixtures. JF - Toxicology and industrial health AU - DeRosa, C T AU - Dourson, M L AU - Osborne, R AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268. Y1 - 1989/10// PY - 1989 DA - October 1989 SP - 805 EP - 824 VL - 5 IS - 5 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Risk KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Toxicology -- methods KW - Environmental Pollutants -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79309248?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.atitle=Risk+assessment+initiatives+for+noncancer+endpoints%3A+implications+for+risk+characterization+of+chemical+mixtures.&rft.au=DeRosa%2C+C+T%3BDourson%2C+M+L%3BOsborne%2C+R&rft.aulast=DeRosa&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1989-10-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=805&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-12-05 N1 - Date created - 1989-12-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - First generation of a new science: risk assessment in transition. AN - 79309213; 2683218 AB - The greatest challenge facing human populations today is that of extraordinary rapid change. Such a change in the society is illustrated by the increasing public awareness of environmental issues, accompanied by continuously expanding scientific investigations of chemical pollution. Our industrial civilization has developed and introduced into the various environmental media many compounds affecting human health individually and as a society. The science of toxicology is the evaluation of the effects of chemical and physical agents in various biological systems. Most chemical compounds cannot be tested in man due to their possible carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic, or other long-term toxic potential. Therefore, carefully designed toxicologic studies in other species, especially mammalian, are conducted to provide biological dose-response data, which can be used to predict human response. Toxicologists have the responsibility of providing accurate scientific dose-response data based on experiments employing, among others, "practical" concentrations of pollutants or toxicants. When the toxic effects are considered, the action of these agents in the atmosphere, water, and other environmental vehicles should be considered. There are always interacting events that co-exist in the environment. Multiple causality as a factor of a disease is well established but frequently overlooked. The various issues in environmental health need to be tied together in order to be understood by scientists who are not intimately familiar with risk assessment procedures as they relate to the implementation of environmental laws. Much effort is needed both in the area of improved risk assessment methodology as well as in the area of toxicologic testing and validation of the theoretical approaches.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Toxicology and industrial health AU - Stara, J F AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268. Y1 - 1989/10// PY - 1989 DA - October 1989 SP - 621 EP - 627 VL - 5 IS - 5 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Risk KW - Animals KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - Humans KW - Toxicology -- methods KW - Environmental Pollution -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79309213?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.atitle=First+generation+of+a+new+science%3A+risk+assessment+in+transition.&rft.au=Stara%2C+J+F&rft.aulast=Stara&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1989-10-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=621&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-12-05 N1 - Date created - 1989-12-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluating comparative potencies: developing approaches to risk assessment of chemical mixtures. AN - 79308582; 2683225 AB - The U.S. EPA must provide guidance as to health risk assessment of mixtures from a variety of sources such as wastewaters, hazardous waste sites and air particulates. One approach to risk assessment of mixtures is to add up risk assessments for individual components identified as part of the mixture, after considering the potential for interaction among those components. This provides an index of hazard potential but not a quantitative estimate. When data on mixture components are incomplete, but these components are isomers or congeners of a well-studied chemical, another technique--use of toxic equivalency factors--can be applied. This approach has been proposed for estimating risk associated with chlorinated dioxins and dibenzofurans. A third approach, that of relative or comparative potency, is based on the assumption that for similar but not necessarily definable complex mixtures, a measure of relative potency based on data from in vitro tests can be correlated in a constant fashion with relative potency from an in vivo bioassay. The degree of confidence in the appropriateness of a relative potency method rests upon the way potency is measured and the validity of underlying assumptions (the degree to which these assumptions can be tested). One class of assumptions involves choice of the model or procedure for deriving the quantitative risk estimates. A second set of assumptions deals with mechanism of action, and whether such considerations add bias or, in fact, refine the relative potency judgment. The choice of short-term tests appropriate for use in establishing the potency relationships is also a factor to be considered. This paper presents examples of proposed uses of relative potency in risk assessment and outlines some areas for further study. JF - Toxicology and industrial health AU - Schoeny, R S AU - Margosches, E AD - Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio. Y1 - 1989/10// PY - 1989 DA - October 1989 SP - 825 EP - 837 VL - 5 IS - 5 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Risk KW - Animals KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - Humans KW - Toxicology -- methods KW - Mice KW - Environmental Pollutants -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79308582?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.atitle=Evaluating+comparative+potencies%3A+developing+approaches+to+risk+assessment+of+chemical+mixtures.&rft.au=Schoeny%2C+R+S%3BMargosches%2C+E&rft.aulast=Schoeny&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1989-10-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=825&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-12-05 N1 - Date created - 1989-12-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Significance of risk assessment in the management of environmental exposures to chemical mixtures. AN - 79308360; 2815099 JF - Toxicology and industrial health AU - Newill, V A AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Washington, D.C. 20460. Y1 - 1989/10// PY - 1989 DA - October 1989 SP - 635 EP - 646 VL - 5 IS - 5 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Dioxins KW - Hazardous Waste KW - Sewage KW - Nickel KW - 7OV03QG267 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Risk KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Nickel -- toxicity KW - Dioxins -- toxicity KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - Government Agencies KW - Environmental Exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79308360?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.atitle=Significance+of+risk+assessment+in+the+management+of+environmental+exposures+to+chemical+mixtures.&rft.au=Newill%2C+V+A&rft.aulast=Newill&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1989-10-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=635&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-12-05 N1 - Date created - 1989-12-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Indoor air contamination with polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans. AN - 79308322; 2815103 AB - Pentachlorophenol (PCP), used extensively for wood preservative purposes, contains trace amounts of polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDDs) and-dibenzofurans (PCDFs) as contaminants. Residues of these compounds are present on the surface and sub-surface of the treated wood. These contaminants have the potential to wear (or migrate) away or volatilize from the wood surface and become entrained in ambient air or dust particles, and thus becoming available for human contact. During the early sixties several day nursery facilities were built with PCP-treated wood in the northern part of West Germany. In this paper we describe the indoor air monitoring data in these kindergarten buildings and the associated possible long-term health risk. The indoor ambient air was found to be contaminated with highly toxic PCDDs/PCDFs at pg/m3 levels. HxCDDs, HpCFs and OCDDs/OCDFs congeners were the major contaminants. JF - Toxicology and industrial health AU - Mukerjee, D AU - Päpke, O AU - Karmaus, W AD - United States Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Criteria and Assessment Office-Cincinnati, Ohio 45268. Y1 - 1989/10// PY - 1989 DA - October 1989 SP - 731 EP - 745 VL - 5 IS - 5 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Benzofurans KW - Dioxins KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins KW - Polymers KW - polychlorodibenzofuran KW - Index Medicus KW - Schools KW - Humans KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins -- analogs & derivatives KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins -- analysis KW - Dioxins -- analysis KW - Air Pollutants -- analysis KW - Benzofurans -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79308322?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.atitle=Indoor+air+contamination+with+polychlorinated+dibenzo-p-dioxins+and+dibenzofurans.&rft.au=Mukerjee%2C+D%3BP%C3%A4pke%2C+O%3BKarmaus%2C+W&rft.aulast=Mukerjee&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1989-10-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=731&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-12-05 N1 - Date created - 1989-12-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Specification of metals and metal compounds: implications for biological monitoring and development of regulatory approaches. AN - 79308062; 2683229 JF - Toxicology and industrial health AU - Grant, L D AU - Mushak, P AD - Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1989/10// PY - 1989 DA - October 1989 SP - 891 EP - 908 VL - 5 IS - 5 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - Metals KW - 0 KW - Chromium KW - 0R0008Q3JB KW - Nickel KW - 7OV03QG267 KW - Mercury KW - FXS1BY2PGL KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Biotransformation KW - Humans KW - Nickel -- toxicity KW - Chromium -- toxicity KW - Mercury -- toxicity KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Metals -- pharmacokinetics KW - Metals -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79308062?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.atitle=Specification+of+metals+and+metal+compounds%3A+implications+for+biological+monitoring+and+development+of+regulatory+approaches.&rft.au=Grant%2C+L+D%3BMushak%2C+P&rft.aulast=Grant&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1989-10-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=891&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-12-05 N1 - Date created - 1989-12-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Problems in assessing the risks of mixtures of contaminants in drinking water. AN - 79307899; 2683221 AB - In conducting risk assessments on drinking water contaminants, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) attempts to evaluate all available toxicity data to develop Health Advisory (HA) and Maximum Contaminant Level Goal (MCLG) values. The EPA often has grappled with the issues surrounding the toxicity of chemical mixtures, including radioactive contaminants, nitrate/nitrite, and trihalomethanes (THMs). In evaluating the toxicity of chemical mixtures, the EPA's immediate concern is whether the individual HA values and MCLGs are protecting public health when multiple contaminants are present in drinking water. Potential toxic interactions between drinking water contaminants are difficult to predict because experimental studies are generally performed only at high doses relative to environmental levels. Although the contamination of drinking water involves mixtures of contaminants, drinking water regulations are generally based on an assessment of the risks of individual contaminants. This paper discusses three issues of major concern to the EPA: the synergistic effects of solvent mixtures, vehicle effects in laboratory studies, and setting standards for essential trace nutrients where the absorption and/or toxicity are affected by an individual's nutritional status or other dietary components. JF - Toxicology and industrial health AU - Vanderslice, R R AU - Orme, J AU - Ohanian, E V AU - Sonich-Mullin, C AD - Office of Drinking Water, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460. Y1 - 1989/10// PY - 1989 DA - October 1989 SP - 747 EP - 755 VL - 5 IS - 5 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - Pharmaceutical Vehicles KW - 0 KW - Solvents KW - Trace Elements KW - Water Pollutants KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - Carbon Tetrachloride KW - CL2T97X0V0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Risk KW - Animals KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - Water Supply -- standards KW - Carbon Tetrachloride -- toxicity KW - Trace Elements -- pharmacology KW - Water Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79307899?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.atitle=Problems+in+assessing+the+risks+of+mixtures+of+contaminants+in+drinking+water.&rft.au=Vanderslice%2C+R+R%3BOrme%2C+J%3BOhanian%2C+E+V%3BSonich-Mullin%2C+C&rft.aulast=Vanderslice&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1989-10-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=747&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-12-05 N1 - Date created - 1989-12-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The further development of a mammalian DNA alkaline unwinding bioassay with potential application to hazard identification for contaminants from environmental samples. AN - 79305223; 2815100 AB - Recently, we have detailed a DNA alkaline unwinding assay (DAUA) that can be used to rapidly measure chemically induced strand breaks in mammalian cells (Daniel et al., 1985). In this paper we present further development of this assay, including: (1) studies on the relationship between DNA adducts and DNA strand breaks; (2) evaluation of the role of cytotoxicity in DNA strand breaks; and (3) application of the DAUA to cell preparations from the liver of mice dosed with methylating agents. The level of DNA adducts produced in human CCRF-CEM cells by treatment with benzo(a)pyrene diol-epoxide (BPDE), N-acetoxy-2-acetyl aminofluorene (AAAF), and various methylating agents was linear with concentration over several orders of magnitude. Likewise, the level of strand breaks increased with the concentration over the same dose range. The strand breaks/adduct ratio ranged from 0.05 for the methyl adducts to 0.001 for the BPDE adducts. Using these values and the inherent sensitivity of the DAUA (circa 100 to 1000 breaks/cell), (Daniel et al., 1985), the ability of the assay to detect DNA damage induced by various classes of chemical carcinogens can be calculated. The DAUA appears to be useful for assessing the relative potency of various environmental genotoxic effects on mammalian cells. In addition, it can be conducted on cells isolated from target organs of whole animals. JF - Toxicology and industrial health AU - Daniel, F B AU - Chang, L W AU - Schenck, K M AU - DeAngelo, A B AU - Skelly, M F AD - Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology Branch, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH 45268. Y1 - 1989/10// PY - 1989 DA - October 1989 SP - 647 EP - 665 VL - 5 IS - 5 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Liver -- cytology KW - Spleen -- cytology KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - Humans KW - Mice KW - Male KW - Environmental Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Mutagenicity Tests -- methods KW - DNA Damage KW - Carcinogenicity Tests -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79305223?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.atitle=The+further+development+of+a+mammalian+DNA+alkaline+unwinding+bioassay+with+potential+application+to+hazard+identification+for+contaminants+from+environmental+samples.&rft.au=Daniel%2C+F+B%3BChang%2C+L+W%3BSchenck%2C+K+M%3BDeAngelo%2C+A+B%3BSkelly%2C+M+F&rft.aulast=Daniel&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1989-10-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=647&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-12-05 N1 - Date created - 1989-12-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of the carcinogenic potential of pesticides. 1. Acifluorfen. AN - 79302190; 2813868 AB - The Health Effects Division of the Office of Pesticide Programs evaluates the carcinogenic properties of pesticides by a consensus peer review process in which all available biological information on a compound is evaluated according to EPA's guidelines for cancer risk assessment. In many cases, pesticides are also evaluated by an external group of accomplished scientists who comprise the Agency's Scientific Advisory Panel. The herbicide acifluorfen was evaluated by these processes and was classified as a Category B2 (probable human) carcinogen based upon evidence of an increased incidence of malignant, or combined benign and malignant, tumors in multiple experiments involving two different strains of mice. The compound produced benign and malignant liver tumors in male and female B6C3F1 mice and in female CD1 mice. Stomach papillomas were also observed in male and female B6C3F1 mice. Acifluorfen was mutagenic in bacteria and yeast, but not in mammalian cell systems. In addition, acifluorfen is structurally related to eight other diphenyl ether pesticides, all of which evoke liver tumours in mice or rats. The data were found to be sufficient to quantify human risk to acifluorfen. JF - Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP AU - Quest, J A AU - Phang, W AU - Hamernik, K L AU - van Gemert, M AU - Fisher, B AU - Levy, R AU - Farber, T M AU - Burnam, W L AU - Engler, R AD - Health Effects Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. 20460. Y1 - 1989/10// PY - 1989 DA - October 1989 SP - 149 EP - 159 VL - 10 IS - 2 SN - 0273-2300, 0273-2300 KW - Nitrobenzoates KW - 0 KW - Pesticides KW - acifluorfen KW - OI60IB203A KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Rats KW - Mice, Inbred Strains KW - Information Systems KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - Mice KW - Species Specificity KW - Male KW - Female KW - Structure-Activity Relationship KW - Stomach Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Nitrobenzoates -- toxicity KW - Liver Neoplasms, Experimental -- chemically induced KW - Pesticides -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79302190?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Regulatory+toxicology+and+pharmacology+%3A+RTP&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+the+carcinogenic+potential+of+pesticides.+1.+Acifluorfen.&rft.au=Quest%2C+J+A%3BPhang%2C+W%3BHamernik%2C+K+L%3Bvan+Gemert%2C+M%3BFisher%2C+B%3BLevy%2C+R%3BFarber%2C+T+M%3BBurnam%2C+W+L%3BEngler%2C+R&rft.aulast=Quest&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1989-10-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=149&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Regulatory+toxicology+and+pharmacology+%3A+RTP&rft.issn=02732300&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-12-18 N1 - Date created - 1989-12-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Serum and testicular testosterone and androgen binding protein profiles following subchronic treatment with carbendazim. AN - 79261120; 2799817 AB - While the general toxicity of the benzimidazole pesticides for mammals is low, one of these compounds, carbendazim (MBC), causes degeneration of testicular tissue and decreases spermatogenic activity at doses well below the LD50 value. A study conducted by S. D. Carter, R. A. Hess, and J. W. Laskey (1987, Biol. Reprod. 37, 709-717) showed that treatment with 400 mg/kg/day MBC resulted in severe seminiferous tubular atrophy and infertility. Since spermatogenesis is an androgen-dependent process, we characterized the effects of MBC (0-400 mg/kg/day) on the endocrine function of the rat testes. Following subchronic (85 day) exposure, serum hormones (TSH, LH, FSH, and Prl) were measured as were androgen binding protein (ABP) and testosterone in testicular fluids (interstitial fluid and seminiferous tubule fluid). In addition, the functional capacity of the Leydig cell to secrete testosterone was assessed in vitro following an hCG challenge. Subchronic treatment with MBC at doses of 50-100 mg/kg/day had no effect on pituitary or testicular hormone concentrations: 200 mg/kg/day elevated the testosterone concentration in the seminiferous tubule fluid and the ABP concentration in both the interstitial fluid and the seminiferous tubule fluid without affecting serum testosterone or ABP concentrations. The 400 mg/kg/day dose resulted in increased concentration of both testosterone and ABP in the interstitial fluid and seminiferous tubule fluid and elevated serum ABP, with no change in serum testosterone. This endocrine profile is consistent with the testicular atrophy and "Sertoli cell-only" syndrome seen in these animals as reported by Gray et al. (1987, Toxicologist 7, 717). We conclude that seminiferous tubule fluid testosterone may be a result of two factors: (1) increased interstitial fluid testosterone concentrations and (2) decreased testosterone outflow from the testis to the general circulation. Also, increased ABP in the interstitial fluid may reflect a change in the relative secretion of ABP into the interstitial fluid and the seminiferous tubules. JF - Toxicology and applied pharmacology AU - Rehnberg, G L AU - Cooper, R L AU - Goldman, J M AU - Gray, L E AU - Hein, J F AU - McElroy, W K AD - Endocrinology/Gerontology Section, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1989/10// PY - 1989 DA - October 1989 SP - 55 EP - 61 VL - 101 IS - 1 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - Androgen-Binding Protein KW - 0 KW - Benzimidazoles KW - Carbamates KW - Fungicides, Industrial KW - Testosterone KW - 3XMK78S47O KW - carbendazim KW - H75J14AA89 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Random Allocation KW - Body Fluid Compartments -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Testis -- metabolism KW - Testis -- drug effects KW - Testosterone -- metabolism KW - Testosterone -- blood KW - Androgen-Binding Protein -- metabolism KW - Androgen-Binding Protein -- blood KW - Fungicides, Industrial -- toxicity KW - Benzimidazoles -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79261120?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Serum+and+testicular+testosterone+and+androgen+binding+protein+profiles+following+subchronic+treatment+with+carbendazim.&rft.au=Rehnberg%2C+G+L%3BCooper%2C+R+L%3BGoldman%2C+J+M%3BGray%2C+L+E%3BHein%2C+J+F%3BMcElroy%2C+W+K&rft.aulast=Rehnberg&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1989-10-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=55&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-11-14 N1 - Date created - 1989-11-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The influence of personal activities on exposure to volatile organic compounds. AN - 79227410; 2792060 AB - Seven persons volunteered to perform 25 common activities thought to increase personal exposure to volatile organic chemicals (VOCs) during a 3-day monitoring period. Personal, indoor, and outdoor air samples were collected on Tenax cartridges three times per day (evening, overnight, and daytime) and analyzed by GC-MS for 17 target VOCs. Samples of exhaled breath were also collected before and after each monitoring period. About 20 activities resulted in increasing exposure to one or more of the target VOCs, often by factors of 10, sometimes by factors of 100, compared to exposures during the sleep period. These concentrations were far above the highest observed outdoor concentrations during the length of the study. Breath levels were often significantly correlated with previous personal exposures. Major exposures were associated with use of deodorizers (p-dichlorobenzene); washing clothes and dishes (chloroform); visiting a dry cleaners (1,1,1-trichloroethane, tetrachloroethylene); smoking (benzene, styrene); cleaning a car engine (xylenes, ethylbenzene, tetrachloroethylene); painting and using paint remover (n-decane, n-undecane); and working in a scientific laboratory (many VOCs). Continuously elevated indoor air levels of p-dichlorobenzene, trichloroethylene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, carbon tetrachloride, decane, and undecane were noted in several homes and attributed to unknown indoor sources. Measurements of exhaled breath suggested biological residence times in tissue of 12-18 hr and 20-30 hr for 1,1,1-trichloroethane and p-dichlorobenzene, respectively. JF - Environmental research AU - Wallace, L A AU - Pellizzari, E D AU - Hartwell, T D AU - Davis, V AU - Michael, L C AU - Whitmore, R W AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. 20460. Y1 - 1989/10// PY - 1989 DA - October 1989 SP - 37 EP - 55 VL - 50 IS - 1 SN - 0013-9351, 0013-9351 KW - Alkanes KW - 0 KW - Benzene Derivatives KW - Chlorobenzenes KW - Insecticides KW - Styrenes KW - Trichloroethanes KW - Xylenes KW - 1,1,1-trichloroethane KW - 113C650IR1 KW - Chloroform KW - 7V31YC746X KW - 4-dichlorobenzene KW - D149TYB5MK KW - Benzene KW - J64922108F KW - ethylbenzene KW - L5I45M5G0O KW - decane KW - NK85062OIY KW - Index Medicus KW - Chloroform -- pharmacology KW - Trichloroethanes -- pharmacology KW - Humans KW - Chlorobenzenes -- pharmacology KW - Air KW - Xylenes -- pharmacology KW - Styrenes -- pharmacology KW - Benzene -- pharmacology KW - Benzene Derivatives -- pharmacology KW - Alkanes -- pharmacology KW - Activity Cycles -- drug effects KW - Insecticides -- pharmacology KW - Female KW - Male KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Activities of Daily Living UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79227410?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+research&rft.atitle=The+influence+of+personal+activities+on+exposure+to+volatile+organic+compounds.&rft.au=Wallace%2C+L+A%3BPellizzari%2C+E+D%3BHartwell%2C+T+D%3BDavis%2C+V%3BMichael%2C+L+C%3BWhitmore%2C+R+W&rft.aulast=Wallace&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1989-10-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=37&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+research&rft.issn=00139351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-11-07 N1 - Date created - 1989-11-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In vivo and in vitro dermal penetration of 2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl in young and adult rats. AN - 79225904; 2507310 AB - Penetration of 2,4,5,2',4',5'-[14C]hexachlorobiphenyl (HCB) through skin of young (33 days) and adult (82 days) female Fischer 344 rats was determined in vivo and by two in vitro methods. In vivo dermal penetration at 120 hr was 45% in young and 43% in adults. At 72 hr in vivo dermal penetration was 35% in young and 26% in adults compared to 1.5% for young and 1.0% for adult as measured with a continuous flow in vitro system and 2.9% for young and 1.9% for adults as measured with a static in vitro system. Most of the dermally absorbed HCB remained in the body as only 4.9 and 2.6% of that absorbed was excreted by young and adult rats, respectively, at the end of 120 hr. Significant differences in dermal penetration and kinetics of HCB between young and adult female rats were observed. The elimination of HCB-derived material was approximately six times higher in feces than in urine. A physiological pharmacokinetic model was fitted to the organ and tissue radioactivity distribution data. Parameters in the model determined from dermal dosing of female Fischer 344 rats were in reasonable agreement with those reported in the literature for adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (iv dose). The rat constant for dermal penetration was 0.83 x 10(-4) min-1 for adults and 0.96 x 10(-4)min-1 for young. The delay or lag time parameter for dermal penetration was 4.4 hr in adults and 1.1 hr in young. JF - Environmental research AU - Fisher, H L AU - Shah, P V AU - Sumler, M R AU - Hall, L L AD - Environmental Toxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1989/10// PY - 1989 DA - October 1989 SP - 120 EP - 139 VL - 50 IS - 1 SN - 0013-9351, 0013-9351 KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls KW - DFC2HB4I0K KW - 2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl KW - ZRU0C9E32O KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats, Inbred Strains KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Administration, Cutaneous KW - Injections, Intravenous KW - Time Factors KW - Male KW - Female KW - Skin Absorption -- drug effects KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls -- administration & dosage KW - Skin Absorption -- physiology KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls -- pharmacokinetics KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79225904?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+research&rft.atitle=In+vivo+and+in+vitro+dermal+penetration+of+2%2C4%2C5%2C2%27%2C4%27%2C5%27-hexachlorobiphenyl+in+young+and+adult+rats.&rft.au=Fisher%2C+H+L%3BShah%2C+P+V%3BSumler%2C+M+R%3BHall%2C+L+L&rft.aulast=Fisher&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1989-10-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=120&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+research&rft.issn=00139351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-11-07 N1 - Date created - 1989-11-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Remediation of soils contaminated with petrochemicals AN - 52786922; 1997-003011 JF - Agronomy Abstracts AU - Wilson, J T AU - Kerr, R S A2 - Runge, Edward C. A. Y1 - 1989/10// PY - 1989 DA - October 1989 SP - 228 PB - American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI VL - 1989 SN - 0375-5495, 0375-5495 KW - soils KW - organic materials KW - biodegradation KW - pollutants KW - petroleum products KW - bioremediation KW - weathering KW - remediation KW - case studies KW - alkylbenzenes KW - organic compounds KW - hydrogen peroxide KW - hydrocarbons KW - anaerobic environment KW - aromatic hydrocarbons KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52786922?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agronomy+Abstracts&rft.atitle=Remediation+of+soils+contaminated+with+petrochemicals&rft.au=Wilson%2C+J+T%3BKerr%2C+R+S&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1989-10-01&rft.volume=1989&rft.issue=&rft.spage=228&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agronomy+Abstracts&rft.issn=03755495&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society of America, 1989 annual meetings N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - AGABBE N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - alkylbenzenes; anaerobic environment; aromatic hydrocarbons; biodegradation; bioremediation; case studies; hydrocarbons; hydrogen peroxide; organic compounds; organic materials; petroleum products; pollutants; remediation; soils; weathering ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reduction of nitrobenzene by four sulfide minerals; kinetics, products, and surface chemistry AN - 52778682; 1997-002989 JF - Agronomy Abstracts AU - Yu, Y S AU - Bailey, G W A2 - Runge, Edward C. A. Y1 - 1989/10// PY - 1989 DA - October 1989 SP - 209 PB - American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI VL - 1989 SN - 0375-5495, 0375-5495 KW - soils KW - experimental studies KW - solutions KW - pollutants KW - porous materials KW - phase transitions KW - solubility KW - benzene KW - organic compounds KW - chemical reactions KW - nitrobenzene KW - hydrocarbons KW - reduction KW - sulfides KW - kinetics KW - Eh KW - aromatic hydrocarbons KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52778682?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agronomy+Abstracts&rft.atitle=Reduction+of+nitrobenzene+by+four+sulfide+minerals%3B+kinetics%2C+products%2C+and+surface+chemistry&rft.au=Yu%2C+Y+S%3BBailey%2C+G+W&rft.aulast=Yu&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=1989-10-01&rft.volume=1989&rft.issue=&rft.spage=209&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agronomy+Abstracts&rft.issn=03755495&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society of America, 1989 annual meetings N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - AGABBE N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aromatic hydrocarbons; benzene; chemical reactions; Eh; experimental studies; hydrocarbons; kinetics; nitrobenzene; organic compounds; phase transitions; pollutants; porous materials; reduction; soils; solubility; solutions; sulfides ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil morphology applied to compacted soil liners AN - 50099819; 2010-014282 JF - Agronomy Abstracts AU - Grube, W E, Jr A2 - Runge, Edward C. A. Y1 - 1989/10// PY - 1989 DA - October 1989 SP - 263 PB - American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI VL - 81 SN - 0375-5495, 0375-5495 KW - morphology KW - compaction KW - clay KW - soil mechanics KW - clastic sediments KW - sediments KW - heterogeneity KW - construction KW - porosity KW - permeability KW - disposal barriers KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50099819?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agronomy+Abstracts&rft.atitle=Soil+morphology+applied+to+compacted+soil+liners&rft.au=Grube%2C+W+E%2C+Jr&rft.aulast=Grube&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1989-10-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=&rft.spage=263&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agronomy+Abstracts&rft.issn=03755495&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society of America, 1989 annual meetings N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - AGABBE N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - clastic sediments; clay; compaction; construction; disposal barriers; heterogeneity; morphology; permeability; porosity; sediments; soil mechanics ER - TY - JOUR T1 - USEPA Perspective on Nonpoint Pollution Control and Wetlands Function AN - 19116264; 9103631 AB - Historically, the major emphasis on the national water pollution control program has be the controlling and elimination of the discharge of pollutants from point sources. This focus has resulted in drastic reductions of a variety of pollutants through direct elimination under the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit program. As a result of point source control successes, nonpoint source water pollution has emerged more clearly as a major continuing source of pollution to the Nation 's waterways, threatening or prohibiting full attainment of water quality goals of the Clean Water Act. The nature, extent and effect of nonpoint source pollution on the waters of the state are assessed. The Region V Wetlands program consists of enforcement, public information and education, advanced identification, state program delegation, and public notice and review of proposals to fill wetlands. As part of a review, the US EPA looks at the technical merit of the proposed standards. US EPA has also issued guidance in the form of two documents: the Water Quality Standards Handbook and the Technical Support Document for Water Quality-Based Effluent Limits. Numeric criteria are quantifiable levels of specific pollutants or classes of pollutants. In the past there was typically one number for a particular pollutant that was not to have been exceeded. This approach failed to take into account possible adverse effects from long-term or repeated exposures. US EPA, therefore, has been recently advocating a two level approach for pollutants: a short-term or acute value, and a long-term, or chronic value. (See also W91-03608) (Lantz-PTT) JF - Second Conference on the Management of the Illinois River System: The 1990s and Beyond. Proceedings of the Conference held October 3-4, 1989 in Peoria, Illinois. University of Illinois Water Resources Center Special Report No. 18, 1989. p 171-174. AU - Ehorn, D AU - Davenport, T AU - Pepin, R AD - Environmental Protection Agency Y1 - 1989/10// PY - 1989 DA - Oct 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Federal jurisdiction Illinois Nonpoint source pollution KW - Regulations Water pollution control Wetlands National Pollutant KW - Discharge Elimination Permits Water pollution prevention Water KW - pollution sources KW - SW 0850:Lakes KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - SW 4050:Water law and institutions UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19116264?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=USEPA+Perspective+on+Nonpoint+Pollution+Control+and+Wetlands+Function&rft.au=Ehorn%2C+D%3BDavenport%2C+T%3BPepin%2C+R&rft.aulast=Ehorn&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1989-10-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - EPA/Local Partnership at Work - The Creation of a Ground Water Protection Program AN - 19113652; 9103938 AB - The Region III Groundwater Protection Section is using Geographic Information System (GIS) technology to work with local water resource agencies to develop and implement county-wide groundwater protection plans. The purpose of working with local agencies is to identify and target for priority regulatory attention those areas that are susceptible to contamination. The GIS technology enabled EPA to provide technical assistance to local agencies in a program with limited federal resources. The GIS case study demonstrated the use of GIS technology in groundwater protection applications and illustrates how the Region and the local officials worked together to develop a mutually beneficial groundwater protection program. Program development, data collection, map coverage construction, composite map construction and evaluation are topics of discussion. Emphasis is placed on the application of GIS, its potential for protecting the underground sources of drinking water, and its impact on management-making decisions. Major project benefits to the local agency and to EPA include creation of a true Federal/local partnership, development of a management tool to assist managers in determining environmental and program priorities, implementation of Wellhead Protection programs at the state and county level, technical assistance for states and local agencies in a program where Federal resources are limited, improved understanding of the scope and nature of environmental problems in the region, and the demonstration of the usefulness of GIS techniques. (See also W91-03921) (Tappert-PTT) JF - Protecting Ground Water from the Bottom Up: Local Responses to Wellhead Protection. Proceedings of the Conference, October 2-3, 1989, Danvers, Massachusetts. Underground Injection Practices Council, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. 1989. p 257-269. 5 fig. AU - Kerzner, S AD - Environmental Protection Agency Y1 - 1989/10// PY - 1989 DA - Oct 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Geographic information systems Governmental interrelations KW - Groundwater management Groundwater pollution Water pollution KW - control Water pollution prevention Wellhead protection KW - Groundwater Groundwater resources Local governments KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - SW 4050:Water law and institutions UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19113652?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=EPA%2FLocal+Partnership+at+Work+-+The+Creation+of+a+Ground+Water+Protection+Program&rft.au=Kerzner%2C+S&rft.aulast=Kerzner&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1989-10-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ground Water Resource Based Mapping, Nashua Regional Planning Area, New Hampshire AN - 19113200; 9103940 AB - The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Region I is working to improve groundwater resource protection by continuing to develop and use Geographic Information Systems (GIS). GIS can facilitate the use of environmental resource data to support Federal and state environmental program decisions and work products. The Nashua Regional Planning Area in New Hampshire was selected as a pilot mapping area because GIS-compatible digital US Geological Survey maps with hydrogeologic information were available. The purpose of the mapping initiative is to depict groundwater resources in the pilot study area and to show the geographic relationships between these resources and potential contamination sources. Goals of the program are to support EPA and state capability to identify environmental problems and assess their nature and significance, support state development and implementation of wellhead protection programs, promote interagency program coordination of resource protection efforts, and demonstrate use of resource mapping to support prioritization of EPA program activities. The Groundwater Protection Bureau of the New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services is actively inventorying injection wells, solid waste dumps, contaminant releases, wastewater discharges, and underground storage tanks within the study area. The state agency has access to the University of New Hampshire GIS that provides them with the capability to use GIS products. The GIS databases developed allow identification and delineation of important Nashua area water resources and facilitate evaluation of impact of potential contaminant sources near water supply sources. The information displayed through GIS can improve the ability to focus regulatory activity to protect critical resources. (See also W91- 03921) (Tappert-PTT) JF - Protecting Ground Water from the Bottom Up: Local Responses to Wellhead Protection. Proceedings of the Conference, October 2-3, 1989, Danvers, Massachusetts. Underground Injection Practices Council, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. 1989. p 287-291. 1 fig. AU - Delaney, D AD - Environmental Protection Agency Y1 - 1989/10// PY - 1989 DA - Oct 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Geographic information systems Mapping New Hampshire Wellhead KW - protection Databases Groundwater Groundwater management KW - Groundwater resources KW - SW 5080:Evaluation, processing and publication KW - SW 0840:Groundwater KW - SW 4010:Techniques of planning UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19113200?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Ground+Water+Resource+Based+Mapping%2C+Nashua+Regional+Planning+Area%2C+New+Hampshire&rft.au=Delaney%2C+D&rft.aulast=Delaney&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1989-10-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risk Equivalent Seasonal Waste Load Allocation AN - 19090557; 9002186 AB - Seasonal wastewater discharge programs employ different effluent standards during different times of the year to take advantage of the variation in a receiving water 's susceptibility to adverse impacts. These programs should try to achieve the maximum economic benefits possible without increasing the risk of water quality impairment. A method is developed for designing seasonal programs for individual dischargers that limits the risk of one or more water quality standard violations in any year. The key elements involve: (1) treating seasonal receiving water susceptibility to water quality impairment as a random variable; (2) assuming Markov-like behavior of these random variables between seasons; and (3) using a nonlinear programming model to find seasonal discharge limits that minimize waste treatment efforts while maintaining an acceptable annual risk of water quality violation. A case study of controlling ammonia toxicity is presented as well as a comparison of the potential savings available from seasonalization for several pollutants on two rivers with differing seasonal regimes. The results indicate the degree of treatment savings possible from a seasonal discharge program depends on both the pollutant being regulated and the characteristics of the receiving water. The imposition of mandatory minimum treatment standards may also limit the potential benefits of seasonalization. The risk equivalency condition can cause seasonal discharge programs to have a slightly lower minimum discharge limit than the corresponding nonseasonal limit in at least one season of the year. (Author 's abstract) JF - Water Resources Research WRERAQ Vol. 25, No. 10, p 2083-2090, October 1989. 7 fig, 1 tab, 21 ref. AU - Rossman, LA AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH Y1 - 1989/10// PY - 1989 DA - Oct 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Wastewater disposal KW - Effluent limitations KW - Water quality standards KW - Seasonal variation KW - Model studies KW - Case studies KW - Ammonia KW - Risks KW - SW 3050:Ultimate disposal of wastes KW - SW 0835:Streamflow and runoff UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19090557?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Risk+Equivalent+Seasonal+Waste+Load+Allocation&rft.au=Rossman%2C+LA&rft.aulast=Rossman&rft.aufirst=LA&rft.date=1989-10-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of the Revised Drinking Water Standard for Chromium AN - 19082586; 9006698 AB - The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), under the authority of the Safe Drinking Water Act, is developing comprehensive regulations to limit human exposure to contamination in drinking water. These regulations are being developed in several phases and deal with synthetic organic chemicals, inorganic chemicals, microbiological contaminants, and radionuclides. The agency is to establish maximum contaminant level goals (MCGLs) and maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) as close to the MCLGs as feasible. MCLGs are non-enforceable health goals; MCLs are the enforceable standards. The current MCL for chromium, under the National Interim Primary Drinking Water Regulations, is 50 micrograms/L for total chromium. The EPA is proposing to set an MCLG for total chromium based on the toxicology of Cr(VI). Chromium has been classified as a probable human carcinogen, based upon evidence that Cr(VI) causes lung cancer in humans and animals through inhalation exposure. The EPA is proposing to set the MCL for chromium equal to the MCLG (100 micrograms/L) since this level has been determined to be feasible based upon the following analysis: (1) there are currently-available technologies for chromium removal (reverse osmosis, ion exchange , coagulation, and lime softening) and they have been installed in public water supplies and are compatible with other water-treatment processes in different regions of the US; (2) analytical methods (the atomic-absorption furnace and inductively-coupled plasma techniques) are available for the analysis of chromium in drinking water; (3) The practical quantitation level, the lowest concentration that can be reliably measured during routine laboratory operating conditions , is below the proposed MCL of 100 micrograms/L--thus, it is feasible to routinely analyze for chromium in drinking water; (4) the MCLG of 100 micrograms/L for chromium is greater than the maximum occurrence level for the compound; and (5) the national costs of complying with the proposed MCL approach zero. (Male-PTT) JF - Science of the Total Environment STENDL Vol. 86, No. 1/2, p 43-51, Oct 1 1989. 2 tab, 5 ref. AU - Goldhaber, S AU - Vogt, C AD - Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC. Office of Drinking Water Y1 - 1989/10// PY - 1989 DA - Oct 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Administrative regulations KW - Chromium KW - Public health KW - Water quality standards KW - Administrative agencies KW - Drinking water KW - Legislation KW - Water quality KW - SW 3010:Identification of pollutants KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19082586?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Development+of+the+Revised+Drinking+Water+Standard+for+Chromium&rft.au=Goldhaber%2C+S%3BVogt%2C+C&rft.aulast=Goldhaber&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1989-10-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluating the national occurrence of pesticides in ground and drinking water; EPA's National Pesticide Survey and the Pesticides-in-ground-water data base AN - 1469629442; 2013-098335 JF - Agronomy Abstracts AU - Lorber, M N AU - Boland, J J Y1 - 1989/10// PY - 1989 DA - October 1989 SP - 40 PB - American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI VL - 1981 SN - 0375-5495, 0375-5495 KW - United States KW - water quality KW - monitoring KW - pollutants KW - government agencies KW - data processing KW - U. S. Environmental Protection Agency KW - pollution KW - drinking water KW - ground water KW - data bases KW - pesticides KW - nitrate ion KW - water wells KW - water pollution KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1469629442?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agronomy+Abstracts&rft.atitle=Evaluating+the+national+occurrence+of+pesticides+in+ground+and+drinking+water%3B+EPA%27s+National+Pesticide+Survey+and+the+Pesticides-in-ground-water+data+base&rft.au=Lorber%2C+M+N%3BBoland%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=Lorber&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1989-10-01&rft.volume=1981&rft.issue=&rft.spage=40&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agronomy+Abstracts&rft.issn=03755495&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society of America, 1989 annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2013, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2013-01-01 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Last updated - 2013-12-20 N1 - CODEN - AGABBE N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - data bases; data processing; drinking water; government agencies; ground water; monitoring; nitrate ion; pesticides; pollutants; pollution; U. S. Environmental Protection Agency; United States; water pollution; water quality; water wells ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inhibition of morphological transformation of C3H10T1/2CL8 mouse embryo cells by multiple carcinogen treatments. AN - 79514212; 2636037 AB - C3H10T1/2CL8 cells treated on the first day after seeding with benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) and then treated again with B[a]P displayed an inhibited response of morphological transformation if the second treatment was administered from 14 days to 33 days after seeding. Under these conditions the cells exhibited up to 100% inhibition of morphological transformation, the extent of inhibition being related to the concentration of B[a]P administered in the second treatment. 3-Methylcholanthrene (3MC) and N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) also inhibited B[a]P-induced morphological transformation as a function of concentration when administered to cells 21 days after the initial B[a]P treatment. Delayed recovery of transformed foci was examined in cells treated with B[a]P on days 1 and 22 and scored 6-9 weeks after the first B[a]P treatment. No recovery of cell transformants was observed. Reconstruction experiments with normal and transformed C3H10T1/2CL8 cells suggested that selective cytotoxicity to incipient transformed cells could account for the inhibition by MNNG, but could not account for up to 50% of the inhibition induced by the second treatment of B[a]P or 3MC. JF - Cancer letters AU - Nesnow, S AU - Garland, H AU - Curtis, G AD - Carcinogenesis and Metabolism Branch, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1989/09/15/ PY - 1989 DA - 1989 Sep 15 SP - 91 EP - 97 VL - 47 IS - 1-2 SN - 0304-3835, 0304-3835 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Methylnitronitrosoguanidine KW - 12H3O2UGSF KW - Benzo(a)pyrene KW - 3417WMA06D KW - Methylcholanthrene KW - 56-49-5 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Benzo(a)pyrene -- administration & dosage KW - Methylcholanthrene -- administration & dosage KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Mice, Inbred C3H KW - Chromosome Aberrations KW - Mice KW - Methylnitronitrosoguanidine -- administration & dosage KW - Cell Line KW - Carcinogens -- administration & dosage KW - Cell Transformation, Neoplastic -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79514212?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+letters&rft.atitle=Inhibition+of+morphological+transformation+of+C3H10T1%2F2CL8+mouse+embryo+cells+by+multiple+carcinogen+treatments.&rft.au=Nesnow%2C+S%3BGarland%2C+H%3BCurtis%2C+G&rft.aulast=Nesnow&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1989-09-15&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=91&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+letters&rft.issn=03043835&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1990-06-26 N1 - Date created - 1990-06-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of the genotoxicity of nine acrylate/methacrylate compounds in L5178Y mouse lymphoma cells. AN - 79368193; 2687634 AB - Nine acrylate/methacrylate esters were tested for the induction of mutations, aberrations and micronuclei in cultured L5178Y mouse lymphoma cells without exogenous activation. With the exception of 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, and dicyclopentenyloxyethyl methacrylate which produced equivocal mutagenic responses, the other seven compounds (2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, dicyclopentenyloxyethyl acrylate, tetraethylene glycol diacrylate, tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate, and pentaerythritol triacrylate) produced positive mutagenic responses with different potencies. For the mutagenic acrylates/methacrylates, primarily small-colony, trifluorothymidine (TFT)-resistant mutants were induced, suggesting a clastogenic mechanism that was supported by increased aberrations and micronucleus frequencies (except for trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate which was positive for aberration but not micronucleus induction). Generally, it was found that multifunctional compounds (esters with greater than 1 functional vinyl group) required lower concentrations than monofunctional compounds to induce maximal cytotoxic, mutagenic, and clastogenic responses. In addition, acrylates were generally more potent than their corresponding methacrylates. This information and these comparative activities will provide some guidance for setting priorities of concern for hazard consideration for acrylate/methacrylate ester compounds. JF - Mutagenesis AU - Dearfield, K L AU - Millis, C S AU - Harrington-Brock, K AU - Doerr, C L AU - Moore, M M AD - Health Effects Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460. Y1 - 1989/09// PY - 1989 DA - September 1989 SP - 381 EP - 393 VL - 4 IS - 5 SN - 0267-8357, 0267-8357 KW - Acrylates KW - 0 KW - Methacrylates KW - Mutagens KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Micronucleus Tests KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - DNA Damage KW - Mice KW - Chromosomes -- ultrastructure KW - Chromosomes -- drug effects KW - Leukemia L5178 KW - Mutation KW - Methacrylates -- toxicity KW - Chromosome Aberrations KW - Acrylates -- toxicity KW - Acrylates -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79368193?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+the+genotoxicity+of+nine+acrylate%2Fmethacrylate+compounds+in+L5178Y+mouse+lymphoma+cells.&rft.au=Dearfield%2C+K+L%3BMillis%2C+C+S%3BHarrington-Brock%2C+K%3BDoerr%2C+C+L%3BMoore%2C+M+M&rft.aulast=Dearfield&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1989-09-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=381&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutagenesis&rft.issn=02678357&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1990-01-25 N1 - Date created - 1990-01-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Differential mutant quantitation at the mouse lymphoma tk and CHO hgprt loci. AN - 79365781; 2687635 AB - Recent reports by several laboratories indicate that not all non-essential target loci are equally capable of detecting chromosomal mutations. The present study was undertaken to determine if both the tk locus in mouse lymphoma cells and the hgprt locus in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells can be used to quantitate chromosomal mutations. Seven known mutagens for the tk locus were selected. These compounds were evaluated in the mouse lymphoma assay and in a suspension adapted CHO assay for their mutagenicity. In addition to the specific locus mutagenesis analysis, mouse lymphoma and CHO cells were evaluated for the frequency of gross chromosome aberrations. From these investigations, it appears that only those compounds [2-methoxy-6-chloro-9-(3-[ethyl-2-chloroethyl] aminopropylamino)-acridine-dihydrochloride (ICR 170), ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) and methyl methanesulfonate (MMS)] that induce significant numbers of large-colony thymidine kinase (TK) mutants also induce significant numbers of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT) mutants. The four acrylates evaluated (methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate and tetraethyleneglycol diacrylate) induced almost exclusively small-colony TK mutants and very few if any HGPRT mutants. Aberration analysis revealed that both the mouse lymphoma and CHO cells responded to the clastogenicity of the compounds (except for ICR 170 which was not positive in CHO cells) and that neither cell line was clearly more sensitive than the other to the clastogens tested. It is significant that the four acrylates give little or no evidence of genotoxicity when evaluated using selection for HGPRT-deficient mutants, yet are clearly clastogenic to the same cells in the same experiment. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the hgprt locus may not be useful as a marker to evaluate the clastogenic component of a genotoxic compound. The present study adds to the increasing number of studies that support the view that the hemizygous nature of the hgprt locus permits the recovery of mutations primarily affecting the function of a single gene; whereas the heterozygous nature of the tk locus permits the recovery of both single gene and chromosomal mutations. JF - Mutagenesis AU - Moore, M M AU - Harrington-Brock, K AU - Doerr, C L AU - Dearfield, K L AD - Genetic Toxicology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1989/09// PY - 1989 DA - September 1989 SP - 394 EP - 403 VL - 4 IS - 5 SN - 0267-8357, 0267-8357 KW - Mutagens KW - 0 KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase KW - EC 2.4.2.8 KW - Thymidine Kinase KW - EC 2.7.1.21 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured KW - Cricetulus KW - Mice KW - Mutation KW - Lymphoma KW - Female KW - Cricetinae KW - Mutagenicity Tests KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase -- genetics KW - Chromosome Aberrations KW - Thymidine Kinase -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79365781?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Differential+mutant+quantitation+at+the+mouse+lymphoma+tk+and+CHO+hgprt+loci.&rft.au=Moore%2C+M+M%3BHarrington-Brock%2C+K%3BDoerr%2C+C+L%3BDearfield%2C+K+L&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1989-09-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=394&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutagenesis&rft.issn=02678357&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1990-01-25 N1 - Date created - 1990-01-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The automated analysis of rat sperm motility following subchronic epichlorohydrin administration: methodologic and statistical considerations. AN - 79363689; 2592269 AB - The automated analysis of sperm motion endpoints is potentially useful in identifying male reproductive toxicants and ultimately in predicting fertility in humans. The present study was designed to evaluate the automated analysis of rat sperm motility characteristics following subchronic administration of epichlorohydrin. This type of validation is a prerequisite for inclusion of sperm motion measurements in the process of reproductive risk assessment. In the present studies videotapes were made of cauda epididymal spermatozoa from Long-Evans rats, both untreated and treated with epichlorohydrin. From analysis of videotapes of control epididymal spermatozoa, the relationship of various sperm motion endpoints and settings of the CellSoft computer-assisted sperm motion analysis system (Cryo Resources, Ltd., New York, NY) is described. Optimal settings of the system for analysis of rat spermatozoa are detailed. Employing data from both control and epichlorohydrin-treated animals, a statistical methodology is described that evaluates: (1) the distributions of CellSoft generated sperm motion endpoints, (2) the correlations between these endpoints, and (3) techniques for detection of dose-related effects. JF - Journal of andrology AU - Toth, G P AU - Stober, J A AU - Read, E J AU - Zenick, H AU - Smith, M K AD - Health Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268. PY - 1989 SP - 401 EP - 415 VL - 10 IS - 5 SN - 0196-3635, 0196-3635 KW - Chlorohydrins KW - 0 KW - Epichlorohydrin KW - 08OOR508C0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Evaluation Studies as Topic KW - Software KW - Animals KW - Videotape Recording KW - Random Allocation KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Male KW - Automatic Data Processing -- instrumentation KW - Epichlorohydrin -- pharmacology KW - Data Interpretation, Statistical KW - Sperm Motility -- drug effects KW - Chlorohydrins -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79363689?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+andrology&rft.atitle=The+automated+analysis+of+rat+sperm+motility+following+subchronic+epichlorohydrin+administration%3A+methodologic+and+statistical+considerations.&rft.au=Toth%2C+G+P%3BStober%2C+J+A%3BRead%2C+E+J%3BZenick%2C+H%3BSmith%2C+M+K&rft.aulast=Toth&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1989-09-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=401&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+andrology&rft.issn=01963635&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1990-01-25 N1 - Date created - 1990-01-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Adenylate energy charge and adenine nucleotide measurements as indicators of stress in the mussel, Mytilus edulis, treated with dredged material under laboratory conditions. AN - 79222309; 2790250 JF - Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology AU - Zaroogian, G E AU - Johnson, M AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Research Laboratory, Narragansett, Rhode Island 02882. Y1 - 1989/09// PY - 1989 DA - September 1989 SP - 428 EP - 435 VL - 43 IS - 3 SN - 0007-4861, 0007-4861 KW - Adenine Nucleotides KW - 0 KW - Water Pollutants KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - Adenine KW - JAC85A2161 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Muscles -- metabolism KW - Time Factors KW - Muscles -- drug effects KW - Water Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Adenine -- metabolism KW - Stress, Physiological -- metabolism KW - Adenine Nucleotides -- metabolism KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- toxicity KW - Energy Metabolism -- drug effects KW - Bivalvia -- metabolism KW - Stress, Physiological -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79222309?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+environmental+contamination+and+toxicology&rft.atitle=Adenylate+energy+charge+and+adenine+nucleotide+measurements+as+indicators+of+stress+in+the+mussel%2C+Mytilus+edulis%2C+treated+with+dredged+material+under+laboratory+conditions.&rft.au=Zaroogian%2C+G+E%3BJohnson%2C+M&rft.aulast=Zaroogian&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1989-09-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=428&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bulletin+of+environmental+contamination+and+toxicology&rft.issn=00074861&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-10-31 N1 - Date created - 1989-10-31 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Technical and Democratic Values in Risk Analysis AN - 60998236; 90V7069 AB - Described is the conflict between technical & democratic values in risk analysis, ie, between rationality, efficiency, & expertise, on the one hand, & subjective, experiential, & sociocultural values on the other. Models based on each are presented, & their implications discussed. The validity of lay judgments about risk is evaluated, & differences between the two models are discussed via reference to contemporary democratic theory. Suggestions are offered for reconciling the technical & the democratic in risk analysis. 46 References. K. Hyatt JF - Risk Analysis AU - Fiorino, Daniel J AD - Office Policy/Planning/Evaluation US Environmental Protection Agency, 401 M St SW PM-219 Washington DC 20460 Y1 - 1989/09// PY - 1989 DA - September 1989 SP - 293 EP - 299 VL - 9 IS - 3 SN - 0272-4332, 0272-4332 KW - risk analysis, technical vs democratic values KW - Risk KW - Democracy KW - Value Orientations KW - Risk Assessment KW - article KW - 2656: environmental interactions; environmental interactions UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/60998236?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Risk+Analysis&rft.atitle=Technical+and+Democratic+Values+in+Risk+Analysis&rft.au=Fiorino%2C+Daniel+J&rft.aulast=Fiorino&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.date=1989-09-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=293&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Risk+Analysis&rft.issn=02724332&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - RIANDF N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Risk; Risk Assessment; Democracy; Value Orientations ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detecting Viruses in Water AN - 19104262; 9003471 AB - This review on the subject of detecting viruses in water encompasses two topics: (1) methods used for concentrating viruses from large volumes of water to more manageable volumes, and; (2) assay methods used for examining viruses contained in the concentrated samples. Of the 5 most common methods, passive adsorption, direct adsorption, ultrafiltration, direct physicochemical flocculation and phase separation, and affinity chromatography, viruses are most suitably concentrated by directed absorption onto the surface of either a filter material or granular solid. Recovery from the surface is achieved during an elution treatment the reverses the adsorption process thus resulting in a smaller volume of eluant fluid, which may be further processed by a secondary concentration technique. The choice of selecting a technique for quantitating recovered viruses often involves balancing the relative merits of detection sensitivity versus the time required for assay completion. This review presents information on actual target materials detected by various assay techniques and information on evaluating whether a particular type of assay procedure provides a direct measure of viral infectivity. Variations on the nucleic acid hybridization assay may represent the optimum balance for viral assay techniques by simultaneously combining sensitivity, determination of viral infectivity, and rapidity with which the assay can be completed. (Author 's abstract) JF - Journal of the American Water Works Association JAWWA5 Vol. 81, No. 9, p 71-80, September 1989. 1 fig, 7 tab, 127 ref. AU - Hurst, C J AU - Benton, W H AU - Stetler, R E AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH Y1 - 1989/09// PY - 1989 DA - Sep 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Viruses KW - Assay KW - Drinking water KW - Reviews KW - Pollutant identification KW - SW 3010:Identification of pollutants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19104262?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Detecting+Viruses+in+Water&rft.au=Hurst%2C+C+J%3BBenton%2C+W+H%3BStetler%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Hurst&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1989-09-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Three Case Studies of Waste Minimization Through Use of Metal Recovery Processes AN - 19094859; 9009404 AB - Wastewater is the largest source of waste in most metal-finishing facilities, and easily the largest in printed circuit board manufacturing facilities and radiator repair shops. Copper, nickel, lead, zinc, and tin are the contaminants most commonly found in these wastewaters. Several technologies are being developed to recover metals from the wastewater. The technologies involve the use of principles of extraction, ultrafiltration, ion exchange, electrochemistry, membrane separation, and others. The case studies considered in this chapter involve: (1) a spray rinse system; (2) recovery of copper and lead from metal-finishing waste streams by aluminum displacement; and (3) recovery of copper and lead from wastewaters generated in radiator repair shops by use of a nonelectrolytic process. Preliminary tests have shown that cooling the hot caustic radiator boilout solution and adding sodium sulfide will precipitate the metal hydroxides. The precipitates are coarse enough to settle out of the solution and leave a stripped, clarified liquid. Approximately 80% of the solution can then be recycled. These results also indicate that copper can be effectively separated from radiator boilout tank sludge by a single leaching with ammonium carbonate. Ammonium carbonate leaching would be the most effective on the earthy, sandy sludges produced by the traditional process, while sodium sulfide treatment would be the most effective for the flocculent sludges produced in the ultrasonic boilout tanks. In the area of heavy metals, it may now be the time to begin implementation of the following concepts: (1) to condition the heavy metal sludges for resource recovery at the generator level; and (2) to develop the processing technology for heavy metal resource recovery at the economics-to-scale for the intermediate collector and processor level. (See also W90-09381) (Lantz-PTT) JF - Metals Speciation, Separation, and Recovery. Volume II. Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Metals Speciation, Separation, and Recovery, Rome, Italy May 14-19, 1989. Lewis Publishers, Inc., Chelsea, Michigan. p 517-541, 3 fig, 4 tab, 17 ref. AU - Apel, M L AU - Bridges, J AU - Szabo, M F AU - Ambekar, SH AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH Y1 - 1989/09// PY - 1989 DA - Sep 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Case studies KW - Heavy metals KW - Metal-finishing wastes KW - Urban hydrology KW - Waste recovery KW - Wastewater treatment KW - Aluminum KW - Ammonium carbonate KW - Chemical precipitation KW - Chemical treatment KW - Copper KW - Industrial wastewater KW - Leaching KW - Lead KW - Metals KW - Wash water KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19094859?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Three+Case+Studies+of+Waste+Minimization+Through+Use+of+Metal+Recovery+Processes&rft.au=Apel%2C+M+L%3BBridges%2C+J%3BSzabo%2C+M+F%3BAmbekar%2C+SH&rft.aulast=Apel&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1989-09-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sorption of Toxic Organic Compounds on Wastewater Solids: Correlation with Fundamental Properties AN - 19092541; 9002243 AB - Sorption of toxic organic compounds on primary, mixed-liquor, and digested solids from municipal wastewater treatment plants has been correlated with octanol-water partition coefficients and with modified Randic indexes. It has been shown that the correlations are the same for all three types of wastewater solids used in this study if partition coefficients are calculated on the basis of organic content of the solids. The correlations developed are useful for assessing the role of sorption in the treatment of toxic or hazardous compounds in conventional biological wastewater treatment plants. Correlations developed provide a basis for predicting the concentration of toxic compounds associated with wastewater solids at a given equilibrium concentration in the aqueous phase. Organic compounds in sludge can impact anaerobic digestion, land spreading, incineration, and ocean dumping of sludges. Estimates of the concentration of toxic compounds in sludge allow assessment of the impact of toxic compounds on sludge disposal options. (Author 's abstract) JF - Environmental Science and Technology ESTHAG Vol. 23, No. 9, p 1092-1097, September 1989. 3 fig, 9 tab, 31 ref. EPA Cooperative Agreement No. CR81293-010. AU - Dobbs, R A AU - Wang, L AU - Govind, R AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH Y1 - 1989/09// PY - 1989 DA - Sep 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Wastewater treatment KW - Municipal wastewater KW - Biological wastewater treatment KW - Sorption KW - Octanol-water partition coefficient KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19092541?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Sorption+of+Toxic+Organic+Compounds+on+Wastewater+Solids%3A+Correlation+with+Fundamental+Properties&rft.au=Dobbs%2C+R+A%3BWang%2C+L%3BGovind%2C+R&rft.aulast=Dobbs&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1989-09-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Proximity of Sanitary Landfills to Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats in Eleven States AN - 19089038; 9010923 AB - Sanitary landfills can cause considerable harm to sensitive ecosystems if they are not properly located, designed, and managed. An analysis of the proximity of 1150 landfills in eleven states to wetlands and deep water habitats (i.e., rivers, lakes, streams, bays), is presented. The nearness or proximity of the sanitary landfills to wetlands and deep water habitats was determined by drawing three concentric regions around the point representing the location of each landfill. Approximately 72% of the sanitary landfills are located in or within 1/4 mile of wetlands, while 90-97% are located in or within 1/2 and 1 mile of wetlands, respectively. Most sanitary landfills are located either in or are close to Palustrine wetlands (i.e., approximately 69, 99, and 97% are located in or within 1/4, 1/2, and 1 mile, respectively of a Palustrine wetland). Only 3% of the landfills are located more than a mile from any type of wetland. For approximately 18% of the sanitary landfills, the distance of the point location of the landfill to the closest wetland was from 1/4 to 1/2 mile while for 7% it was from 1/2 to 1 mile. Approximately 16% of the sanitary landfills are located in or within 1/4 mile of deep water habitats, while 30 and 48% are located in or within 1/2 and 1 mile of deep water habitats, respectively. Approximately 52% of the landfills are located more than a mile from any type of deep water habitat. Approximately 5% of the sanitary landfills are located in or within 1/4 mile of a wetland or deep water habitat, while 92 to 98% are located in or within 1/2 and 1 mile of a wetland or deep water habitat, respectively. Most of the facilities that are located in or that are close to wetlands or deep water habitats are in the vicinity of Palustrine or Riverine habitats. (See also W90-10912) (Lantz-PTT) JF - Wetlands: Concerns and Successes. Proceedings of a Symposium held September 17-22 1989, Tampa, Florida. American Water Resources Association, Bethesda, Maryland. 1989. p 115-125, 6 fig, 3 tab, 6 ref. AU - Lambou, V W AU - Moerlins, JE AU - Herndon, R C AU - Kuperberg, J M AU - Gebhard, R L AD - Environmental Protection Agency Las Vegas, NV Y1 - 1989/09// PY - 1989 DA - Sep 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Path of pollutants KW - Sanitary landfills KW - Site selection KW - Waste disposal KW - Water pollution sources KW - Wetlands KW - Ecosystems KW - Landfills KW - Riparian waters KW - Waste management KW - Water pollution effects KW - SW 0850:Lakes KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19089038?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Proximity+of+Sanitary+Landfills+to+Wetlands+and+Deepwater+Habitats+in+Eleven+States&rft.au=Lambou%2C+V+W%3BMoerlins%2C+JE%3BHerndon%2C+R+C%3BKuperberg%2C+J+M%3BGebhard%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Lambou&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1989-09-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of Water Control Stuctures in Drainage Channels to Restore Lost Wetland Values AN - 19083161; 9010943 AB - Extensive drainage of Coastal Plain areas in the Eastern United States has resulted in the loss of a considerable acreage of wetlands. Groundwater monitoring has previously documented the extensive lateral drawdown that can result from the construction of typical drainage channels in the sandy soils of the Coastal Plain. In an effort to demonstrate the potential to mitigate previous impacts and to reduce the potential for future impacts of this nature, water control structures are being utilized to partially restore water regimes in previously impacted wetland areas. As the utility of the use of water control structures is demonstrated, the potential exists to restore wetland values in thousands of acres of previously impacted wetlands. Research has documented the potential reductions in downstream wetland loadings due to the installation of water control structures whose use is suitable for many areas of the Coastal Plain. Water control structures are also being utilized by the EPA in the midwest to regulate man-made wetlands above lakes involved in EPA Clean Lakes Projects. Interagency cooperation is essential in planning, designing, and installing water control structures. Recently, emphasis on the need for wetland restoration and the newly recognized benefits of increasing wetland values in agricultural watersheds have focused attention on water table management. Water control structures provide an excellent technique for: enhancing water regimes in previously impacted wetlands or in newly created, man-made wetlands. It appears that widespread use of water control structures will require increased cooperation between agencies, government and interest groups. (See also W90-10912) (Lantz-PTT) JF - Wetlands: Concerns and Successes. Proceedings of a Symposium held September 17-22 1989, Tampa, Florida. American Water Resources Association, Bethesda, Maryland. 1989. p 331-333, 6 ref. AU - Kirschner, BA AU - Davenport, TE AU - Smith, R T AU - Griffith, S L AD - Environmental Protection Agency Chicago, IL. Water Div Y1 - 1989/09// PY - 1989 DA - Sep 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Drainage canals KW - Hydraulic structures KW - Mitigation KW - Water control KW - Water resources management KW - Wetland restoration KW - Coastal plains KW - Coastal waters KW - Groundwater budget KW - Water level KW - Wetlands KW - SW 0850:Lakes KW - SW 6010:Structures UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19083161?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Use+of+Water+Control+Stuctures+in+Drainage+Channels+to+Restore+Lost+Wetland+Values&rft.au=Kirschner%2C+BA%3BDavenport%2C+TE%3BSmith%2C+R+T%3BGriffith%2C+S+L&rft.aulast=Kirschner&rft.aufirst=BA&rft.date=1989-09-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biochemical studies of six nitrogen-containing heterocycles in rat tissues. AN - 79157228; 2764994 AB - Female rats were dosed orally with one-fifth the LD50 of either 1-nitrosopiperidine (a carcinogen), cyclohexylamine, piperidine, 4-carboxy-1-nitrosopiperidine, 4-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosopiperidine or 2,6-dimethyl-1-nitrosopiperidine at 21 and 4 hr before they were killed. The five noncarcinogenic compounds had no effects on any experimental variables examined [hepatic DNA damage, ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity, serum alanine aminotransferase (SGPT) activity, cytochrome P-450 and glutathione content]. After administration of 40 mg/kg of 1-nitrosopiperidine, marked hepatic DNA damage and a 3- to 7-fold increase in the activity of hepatic ODC were observed. 1-Nitrosopiperidine (120 mg/kg, 3/5 LD50) caused DNA damage in rat liver and esophagus but not in leukocytes. This higher dose of 1-nitrosopiperidine also increased hepatic ornithine decarboxylase activity by 9-fold. Thus, this hepatic biochemical assay system correctly identified the one carcinogen and the five noncarcinogens in this series of six nitrogen-containing heterocycles. JF - Biochemical pharmacology AU - Kitchin, K T AU - Brown, J L AU - Lijinsky, W AD - Environmental Toxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1989/08/15/ PY - 1989 DA - 1989 Aug 15 SP - 2733 EP - 2738 VL - 38 IS - 16 SN - 0006-2952, 0006-2952 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Heterocyclic Compounds KW - Nitrosamines KW - N-nitrosopiperidine KW - 6N066XUL4L KW - Nitrogen KW - N762921K75 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats, Inbred Strains KW - Rats KW - Nitrosamines -- pharmacology KW - Carcinogens -- pharmacology KW - Animals KW - Female KW - Esophagus -- drug effects KW - Esophagus -- metabolism KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Heterocyclic Compounds -- pharmacology KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Blood -- metabolism KW - Blood -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79157228?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemical+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Biochemical+studies+of+six+nitrogen-containing+heterocycles+in+rat+tissues.&rft.au=Kitchin%2C+K+T%3BBrown%2C+J+L%3BLijinsky%2C+W&rft.aulast=Kitchin&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1989-08-15&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=16&rft.spage=2733&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biochemical+pharmacology&rft.issn=00062952&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-09-11 N1 - Date created - 1989-09-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Statistical uncertainty in the no-observed-adverse-effect level. AN - 79229490; 2792592 AB - The no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) is a dose value that U.S. EPA reduces by uncertainty factors (UF) and modifying factors (MF) to obtain a reference dose (RfD) for input to regulatory decision making. Whether the true added risk at the NOAEL is below an acceptable level, however, is a source of statistical uncertainty itself. As several authors have previously noted, the probability that added risk at the NOAEL is not negligibly small increases as sample sizes decrease. This is because the definition of the NOAEL statistically controls for the chance of a false-positive error, but not for a false-negative error. The false-positive rate is the test level set by the user in testing for a statistically significant dose effect, typically 0.05. When it is held fixed, the increase in statistical uncertainty as sample size decreases produces an increase in the false-negative rate. Hence, the fewer data available for statistical inference, the higher the expected value of the NOAEL and the less toxic an agent is likely to appear. The solution lies in calculating the probability that a statistical procedure used will detect the maximum added risk acceptable for health regulation (the "power" at that added risk). If the observed response in a dose group is not significantly elevated relative to the control group, and the power for detecting a difference is low as well, then the statistical evidence is inconclusive. In such a case, additional data or other sources of information are needed for evaluating added risk. These concepts are illustrated for examples from the literature with dichotomous (quantal response) data and categorical (severity) data, using a new statistical procedure. JF - Fundamental and applied toxicology : official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Brown, K G AU - Erdreich, L S AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268. Y1 - 1989/08// PY - 1989 DA - August 1989 SP - 235 EP - 244 VL - 13 IS - 2 SN - 0272-0590, 0272-0590 KW - Index Medicus KW - Statistics as Topic KW - Research Design KW - Toxicology -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79229490?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fundamental+and+applied+toxicology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Statistical+uncertainty+in+the+no-observed-adverse-effect+level.&rft.au=Brown%2C+K+G%3BErdreich%2C+L+S&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1989-08-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=235&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fundamental+and+applied+toxicology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=02720590&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-10-28 N1 - Date created - 1989-10-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of the mammalian toxicity of the crystal polypeptides of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. AN - 79227615; 2792598 AB - Solubilized crystal polypeptide preparations of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (BTI) were fractionated by immunoaffinity chromatography using a bound monoclonal antibody formed against the 28K crystal polypeptide. The 28K polypeptide was confirmed to be hemolytic and to possess low mosquitocidal activity against Aedes aegypti larvae. By comparison, the 28K polypeptide was more potent than the solubilized BTI crystals in male Swiss Webster mice, as the LD50 values were (p less than 0.05) 0.77 and 2.33 mg protein/kg body wt, respectively. Acute administration of the 28K polypeptide (mg/kg, ip) produced severe hypothermia and bradycardia in the mouse. No evidence for cooperativity between the 28K and other crystal polypeptides was observed. Preliminary histological examination of the mouse hearts exposed to the 28K polypeptide did not reveal any specific lesion, suggesting that the deficient cardiac performance might be a secondary physiological response. Gross pathological examination of mice as well as Sprague-Dawley rats acutely treated with equivalent doses of solubilized BTI crystal preparations revealed focal to segmental reddened and edematous areas within the small intestine. Histopathology indicated that the major lesion was in the jejunum. Contrary to expectations from in vitro hemolysis assays, cytolysis of mouse red and white blood cells was not detectable after in vivo exposure to the BTI solubilized proteins. The present results indicate that the 28K polypeptide is the mammalian toxic component of BTI crystals. JF - Fundamental and applied toxicology : official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Mayes, M E AU - Held, G A AU - Lau, C AU - Seely, J C AU - Roe, R M AU - Dauterman, W C AU - Kawanishi, C Y AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, HERL, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1989/08// PY - 1989 DA - August 1989 SP - 310 EP - 322 VL - 13 IS - 2 SN - 0272-0590, 0272-0590 KW - Peptides KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Crystallization KW - Animals KW - Erythrocytes -- drug effects KW - Aedes KW - Sheep KW - Erythrocyte Count KW - Mice KW - Leukocyte Count KW - Blood Cell Count KW - Rats KW - Body Temperature Regulation -- drug effects KW - Hemolysis -- drug effects KW - Electrocardiography KW - In Vitro Techniques KW - Lethal Dose 50 KW - Intestinal Mucosa -- pathology KW - Intestinal Mucosa -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Densitometry KW - Peptides -- analysis KW - Bacillus thuringiensis -- metabolism KW - Peptides -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79227615?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fundamental+and+applied+toxicology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+the+mammalian+toxicity+of+the+crystal+polypeptides+of+Bacillus+thuringiensis+subsp.+israelensis.&rft.au=Mayes%2C+M+E%3BHeld%2C+G+A%3BLau%2C+C%3BSeely%2C+J+C%3BRoe%2C+R+M%3BDauterman%2C+W+C%3BKawanishi%2C+C+Y&rft.aulast=Mayes&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1989-08-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=310&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fundamental+and+applied+toxicology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=02720590&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-10-28 N1 - Date created - 1989-10-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of adenylate energy charge and adenine nucleotide measurements as indicators of stress in Nephtys incisa treated with dredged material. AN - 79204851; 2775893 JF - Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology AU - Zaroogian, G E AU - Johnson, M AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Research Laboratory, Narragansett, Rhode Island 02882. Y1 - 1989/08// PY - 1989 DA - August 1989 SP - 261 EP - 270 VL - 43 IS - 2 SN - 0007-4861, 0007-4861 KW - Adenine Nucleotides KW - 0 KW - Water Pollutants KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - Adenosine Monophosphate KW - 415SHH325A KW - Adenosine Diphosphate KW - 61D2G4IYVH KW - Adenosine Triphosphate KW - 8L70Q75FXE KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Adenosine Triphosphate -- metabolism KW - Energy Metabolism KW - Adenosine Diphosphate -- metabolism KW - Water Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Adenosine Monophosphate -- metabolism KW - Adenine Nucleotides -- metabolism KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79204851?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+environmental+contamination+and+toxicology&rft.atitle=Application+of+adenylate+energy+charge+and+adenine+nucleotide+measurements+as+indicators+of+stress+in+Nephtys+incisa+treated+with+dredged+material.&rft.au=Zaroogian%2C+G+E%3BJohnson%2C+M&rft.aulast=Zaroogian&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1989-08-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=261&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bulletin+of+environmental+contamination+and+toxicology&rft.issn=00074861&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-10-20 N1 - Date created - 1989-10-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Immunotoxicity of tributyltin oxide in rats exposed as adults or pre-weanlings. AN - 79087907; 2749744 AB - A comparison was made between adult and pre-weanling rats of the immunotoxic effects of subacute dosing with bis(tri-n-butyltin) oxide (TBTO). Adult (9 weeks old) male Fischer rats were dosed by oral gavage with TBTO for 10 consecutive days at 1.25-10 mg/kg per dose or 3 times/week for a total of 10 doses at 5-20 mg/kg per dose. Adult rats similarly dosed by oral gavage with 6 mg/kg per dose cyclophosphamide (CY) served as positive controls. Pre-weanling rats (3-24 days old) were dosed 3 times/week for a total of 10 doses at 2.5, 5 or 10 mg/kg per dose. At various times after dosing rats were evaluated for alterations in body and lymphoid organ weights, mitogen and mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) lymphoproliferative (LP) responses, natural killer (NK) cell activity, cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses and primary antibody plaque-forming cell (PFC) responses. In adult rats given 10 daily doses of TBTO, thymic involution was observed at a dosage of 2.5 mg/kg and mitogen responses to Con A and PHA were suppressed at 5 mg/kg. The PFC response was enhanced in adult rats dosed daily at 2.5 mg/kg. A dosage of 5 mg/kg given intermittently (3 times/week) to adults or pre-weanlings resulted in thymic involution. Reductions in mitogen responses were observed in adults dosed intermittently at 10 and 20 mg/kg and in pre-weanlings at 5 and 10 mg/kg. The MLR response was suppressed in adult rats dosed intermittently at 20 mg/kg and in pre-weanling rats at 10 mg/kg. NK cell activity was suppressed only in pups dosed intermittently at 10 mg/kg. CTL responses were not affected in either age group. Within 3 weeks following the last exposure of adult rats to TBTO all parameters returned to normal. On the other hand, LP responses to mitogens were suppressed in 10-week-old rats that were dosed with 10 mg/kg TBTO as pre-weanlings. However, this exposure regimen in reductions in body weight that persisted for up to 13 weeks of age, which suggests that TBTO may be a developmental toxicant. These data indicate that while exposure of young rats to TBTO resulted in immune alterations at doses lower than those required to suppress responses in adults, the observed effects may also be influenced by the developmental toxicity of this compound. JF - Toxicology AU - Smialowicz, R J AU - Riddle, M M AU - Rogers, R R AU - Luebke, R W AU - Copeland, C B AD - Developmental and Cell Toxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1989/07/03/ PY - 1989 DA - 1989 Jul 03 SP - 97 EP - 111 VL - 57 IS - 1 SN - 0300-483X, 0300-483X KW - Trialkyltin Compounds KW - 0 KW - bis(tri-n-butyltin)oxide KW - 3353Q84MKM KW - Cyclophosphamide KW - 8N3DW7272P KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Lymphocyte Activation -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Age Factors KW - Cyclophosphamide -- toxicity KW - Spleen -- drug effects KW - Thymus Gland -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Trialkyltin Compounds -- toxicity KW - Immunity -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79087907?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology&rft.atitle=Immunotoxicity+of+tributyltin+oxide+in+rats+exposed+as+adults+or+pre-weanlings.&rft.au=Smialowicz%2C+R+J%3BRiddle%2C+M+M%3BRogers%2C+R+R%3BLuebke%2C+R+W%3BCopeland%2C+C+B&rft.aulast=Smialowicz&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1989-07-03&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=97&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology&rft.issn=0300483X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-08-22 N1 - Date created - 1989-08-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Polychlorinated biphenyl (Aroclor 1254) induced changes in femur morphometry calcium metabolism and nephrotoxicity. AN - 79087867; 2501909 AB - Experiments were performed to investigate the effects of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) on calcium metabolism, femur morphometry, and nephrotoxicity. Male Fischer 344 rats were dosed daily intragastrically (ig) for 5, 10 or 15 weeks with 0, 0.1, 1, 10 or 25 mg PCB/kg body weight. After 5, 10 and 15 weeks, liver weight and liver-to-body weight ratio were increased at the 2 higher dose levels. Overt toxicity was observed at the highest dose level after 10 and 15 weeks as evidenced by significantly smaller body weight. Urinary alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase activities were elevated at 5, 10 and 15 weeks of PCB exposure and the kidney-to-body weight ratios were elevated at the 10 and 25 mg/kg dose levels after 10 and 15 weeks of exposure indicating nephrotoxicity. Hypercalcemia was present at the highest dose level after 5 and 10 weeks of exposure but serum calcium concentration was normal at 15 weeks. Serum triglycerides were significantly elevated after 5 weeks of exposure but were significantly decreased after 10 and 15 weeks of PCB exposure. Serum cholesterol was significantly elevated at the 2 higher dose levels at all 3 periods. Femur density was increased at the 10 mg/kg dose level after 5 weeks, at all dose levels after 10 weeks and at all dose levels which did not demonstrate overt toxicity after 15 weeks of PCB exposure. Cross-sectional, medullary and cortical areas of the midpoint of the femur were significantly decreased at the higher dose levels after 10 and 15 weeks of exposure. The percent medullary area though was significantly decreased after 10 and 15 weeks of PCB exposure indicating that not only was there a decrease in medullary size but a decrease relative to the cortical bone area. These changes in bone morphometry resulted in a significantly weaker bone after 15 weeks of exposure at the highest dose level. These results demonstrate that PCB exposure effects calcium metabolism and bone morphometry and is nephrotoxic. JF - Toxicology AU - Andrews, J E AD - Perinatal Toxicology Branch, Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1989/07/03/ PY - 1989 DA - 1989 Jul 03 SP - 83 EP - 96 VL - 57 IS - 1 SN - 0300-483X, 0300-483X KW - Aroclors KW - 0 KW - Triglycerides KW - Chlorodiphenyl (54% Chlorine) KW - 11097-69-1 KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls KW - DFC2HB4I0K KW - Calcium KW - SY7Q814VUP KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Triglycerides -- blood KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Calcium -- metabolism KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls -- toxicity KW - Kidney -- drug effects KW - Aroclors -- toxicity KW - Femur -- pathology KW - Femur -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79087867?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology&rft.atitle=Polychlorinated+biphenyl+%28Aroclor+1254%29+induced+changes+in+femur+morphometry+calcium+metabolism+and+nephrotoxicity.&rft.au=Andrews%2C+J+E&rft.aulast=Andrews&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1989-07-03&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=83&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology&rft.issn=0300483X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-08-22 N1 - Date created - 1989-08-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fixation of the plasma membrane/cytoplasm complex: a mechanism of toxic interaction of tributyltin with the cell. AN - 79565354; 2484605 AB - Flow cytometric and light/fluorescence microscopic analysis of murine erythroleukemic cells (MELC) and electron microscopic investigation of porcine microsomal membrane preparations suggest that tributyltin (TBT) toxicity is mediated through fixation processes (protein denaturation, crosslinking, and so on) within the plasma membrane/cytoplasm complex. This hypothesis was derived from the following observations: 1. Exposure of the MELC to micromolar concentrations of TBT results in increased resistance to detergent-mediated cytolysis; 2. Exposure of porcine renal microsomal membrane preparations to similar concentrations results in inhibition of vanadate-mediated crystallization of Na+,K(+)-ATPase, a process requiring protein mobility within the membrane; 3. Flow cytometric and fluorescence microscopic analyses indicate that MELC exposed to submicromolar concentrations of TBT exhibit increased cellular carboxyfluorescein retention; and 4. Nuclei prepared from TBT-treated cells by detergent-mediated cytolysis exhibit increased axial light loss, 90 degrees light scatter, fluorescein isothiocyanate fluorescence, and the presence of adherent proteinaceous tags. The DNA distribution histogram of such nuclei also is perturbed. JF - Biological trace element research AU - Massaro, E J AU - Zucker, R M AU - Elstein, K H AU - Ting-Beall, H P AU - Easterling, R E AD - Developmental and Cell Toxicology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. PY - 1989 SP - 305 EP - 312 VL - 21 SN - 0163-4984, 0163-4984 KW - Fluoresceins KW - 0 KW - Trialkyltin Compounds KW - 6-carboxyfluorescein KW - 3301-79-9 KW - Ethanol KW - 3K9958V90M KW - tributyltin KW - 4XDX163P3D KW - Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase KW - EC 3.6.3.9 KW - Index Medicus KW - Swine KW - Crystallization KW - Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Animals KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured -- drug effects KW - Cell Nucleus -- ultrastructure KW - Protein Denaturation KW - Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute -- pathology KW - Cell Nucleus -- drug effects KW - Staining and Labeling KW - Trialkyltin Compounds -- toxicity KW - Cell Membrane -- drug effects KW - Cytoplasm -- ultrastructure KW - Cell Membrane -- ultrastructure KW - Cytoplasm -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79565354?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biological+trace+element+research&rft.atitle=Fixation+of+the+plasma+membrane%2Fcytoplasm+complex%3A+a+mechanism+of+toxic+interaction+of+tributyltin+with+the+cell.&rft.au=Massaro%2C+E+J%3BZucker%2C+R+M%3BElstein%2C+K+H%3BTing-Beall%2C+H+P%3BEasterling%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Massaro&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1989-07-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=&rft.spage=305&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biological+trace+element+research&rft.issn=01634984&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1990-11-02 N1 - Date created - 1990-11-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Major sources of benzene exposure. AN - 79225809; 2477239 AB - Data from EPA's TEAM Study allow us to identify the major sources of exposure to benzene for much of the U.S. population. These sources turn out to be quite different from what had previously been considered the important sources. The most important source of exposure for 50 million smokers is the mainstream smoke from their cigarettes, which accounts for about half of the total population burden of exposure to benzene. Another 20% of nationwide exposure is contributed by various personal activities, such as driving and using attached garages. (Emissions from consumer products, building materials, paints, and adhesives may also be important, although data are largely lacking.) The traditional sources of atmospheric emissions (auto exhaust and industrial emissions) account for only about 20% of total exposure. Environmental tobacco smoke is an important source, accounting for about 5% of total nationwide exposure. A number of sources sometimes considered important, such as petroleum refining operations, petrochemical manufacturing, oil storage tanks, urban-industrial areas, service stations, certain foods, groundwater contamination, and underground gasoline leaks, appear to be unimportant on a nationwide basis. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Wallace, L A AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460. Y1 - 1989/07// PY - 1989 DA - July 1989 SP - 165 EP - 169 VL - 82 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - Gasoline KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution KW - Vehicle Emissions KW - Benzene KW - J64922108F KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Risk KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- analysis KW - Humans KW - Gasoline -- analysis KW - Smoking -- metabolism KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution -- analysis KW - Automobiles KW - Breath Tests KW - Vehicle Emissions -- analysis KW - Benzene -- analysis KW - Environmental Pollutants -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79225809?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Major+sources+of+benzene+exposure.&rft.au=Wallace%2C+L+A&rft.aulast=Wallace&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1989-07-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=&rft.spage=165&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-11-02 N1 - Date created - 1989-11-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Environ Res. 1984 Oct;35(1):293-319 [6489295] Toxicol Lett. 1987 Jan;35(1):113-6 [3810671] Environ Res. 1987 Aug;43(2):290-307 [3608934] Arch Environ Health. 1987 Sep-Oct;42(5):272-9 [3452294] Public Health Rep. 1980 May-Jun;95(3):213-22 [7384406] Comment In: Environ Health Perspect. 1993 Apr 22;101(1):13-6 [8513754] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of epichlorohydrin on male and female reproduction in Long-Evans rats. AN - 79165655; 2767356 AB - Male and female Long-Evans rats were treated with epichlorohydrin (ECH) by oral gavage (males: 12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg/day; females: 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg/day) for 21 and 14 days, respectively, prior to mating trials with untreated animals. Treated females were further dosed until delivery. Fertility was assayed in the high-dose males only and was found to be totally impaired. No measured parameters of female reproduction were changed relative to controls. Treated males showed normal copulatory behavior. Sperm morphology and percentage motile sperm were not statistically different from control values in both ejaculated and cauda epididymal samples from ECH-treated animals. The number of sperm in ejaculates was normal while cauda epididymal sperm count was slightly decreased in males at the 50 mg ECH/kg dose level. Mean curvilinear velocity, straight-line velocity, and amplitude of lateral head displacement of cauda epididymal sperm were significantly reduced by ECH at 12.5 mg/kg/day and above. Sperm track linearity was also reduced, but only at 50 mg/kg/day. Beat/cross frequency of sperm was significantly increased at 12.5 mg/kg/day and above. All of the above sperm motion parameters showed dose-dependent trends. These effects are consistent with the spermatozoal metabolic lesions reported for alpha-chlorohydrin, a metabolite of ECH. JF - Fundamental and applied toxicology : official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Toth, G P AU - Zenick, H AU - Smith, M K AD - Reproductive and Developmental Biochemistry Branch, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268. Y1 - 1989/07// PY - 1989 DA - July 1989 SP - 16 EP - 25 VL - 13 IS - 1 SN - 0272-0590, 0272-0590 KW - Chlorohydrins KW - 0 KW - Epichlorohydrin KW - 08OOR508C0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Ejaculation -- drug effects KW - Copulation -- drug effects KW - Sperm Motility -- drug effects KW - Pregnancy KW - Rats KW - Sexual Behavior, Animal -- drug effects KW - Sperm Count KW - Spermatozoa -- drug effects KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Female KW - Male KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Semen -- drug effects KW - Reproduction -- drug effects KW - Epichlorohydrin -- toxicity KW - Chlorohydrins -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79165655?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fundamental+and+applied+toxicology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+epichlorohydrin+on+male+and+female+reproduction+in+Long-Evans+rats.&rft.au=Toth%2C+G+P%3BZenick%2C+H%3BSmith%2C+M+K&rft.aulast=Toth&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1989-07-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=16&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fundamental+and+applied+toxicology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=02720590&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-10-10 N1 - Date created - 1989-10-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chloroform inhibition of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced gastrointestinal tract tumors in the Fisher 344 rat. AN - 79165155; 2767360 AB - The effect of chloroform (CHCl3), administered at 0, 900, and 1800 mg/liter in the drinking water, on the carcinogenic potency of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) was investigated. Groups of 40 male Fisher 344 rats were given one of the three drinking water solutions for 39 weeks following the subcutaneous injection of 200 mg/kg DMH, a known gastrointestinal (GI) tract carcinogen in this animal strain. When tumors from the GI tract were pooled there was a highly significant (p less than 0.001) decrease in total number of tumors per group with increasing concentration of drinking water CHCl3. In the control group (0 mg/liter CHCl3), 14/39 (36%) of the animals developed tumors of the GI tract, including the duodenum, jejunum, stomach, cecum, and colon. In contrast, the incidence of tumors in the two groups of rats given CHCl3 in the drinking water was significantly lower (p less than 0.001; 900 mg/liter CHCl3, 12.8%; 1800 mg/liter CHCl3, 12.5%). A similar relationship was obtained when colon tumors were analyzed independently (p = 0.01). The incidence of total colon tumors obtained in the control group of this study (10/39, 26%) agrees well with the previous study by B.S. Reddy, K. Watanabe, and J.H. Weisburger (1977, Cancer Res. 37, 4156-4159) conducted in the same rat strain (7/30, 23%). These results demonstrate that CHCl3 in the drinking water inhibits carcinogenesis in the rat GI tract. JF - Fundamental and applied toxicology : official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Daniel, F B AU - DeAngelo, A B AU - Stober, J A AU - Pereira, M A AU - Olson, G R AD - Genetic Toxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268. Y1 - 1989/07// PY - 1989 DA - July 1989 SP - 40 EP - 45 VL - 13 IS - 1 SN - 0272-0590, 0272-0590 KW - Dimethylhydrazines KW - 0 KW - Methylhydrazines KW - Chloroform KW - 7V31YC746X KW - 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine KW - IX068S9745 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Kidney Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Adenoma -- chemically induced KW - Time Factors KW - Male KW - Gastrointestinal Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Dimethylhydrazines -- toxicity KW - Chloroform -- pharmacology KW - Gastrointestinal Neoplasms -- prevention & control KW - Gastrointestinal Neoplasms -- pathology KW - Methylhydrazines -- toxicity KW - Dimethylhydrazines -- antagonists & inhibitors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79165155?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fundamental+and+applied+toxicology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Chloroform+inhibition+of+1%2C2-dimethylhydrazine-induced+gastrointestinal+tract+tumors+in+the+Fisher+344+rat.&rft.au=Daniel%2C+F+B%3BDeAngelo%2C+A+B%3BStober%2C+J+A%3BPereira%2C+M+A%3BOlson%2C+G+R&rft.aulast=Daniel&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1989-07-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=40&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fundamental+and+applied+toxicology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=02720590&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-10-10 N1 - Date created - 1989-10-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of lindane on hormonal control of reproductive function in the female rat. AN - 79107195; 2473543 AB - The effect of the gamma isomer of 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane, lindane, on reproductive function in the female rat was examined in two experiments. In the first experiment, chronic treatment with 0, 5, 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg lindane delayed vaginal opening and disrupted ovarian cyclicity until approximately 110 days of age. Thereafter, regular ovarian cycles were present in the majority of females in all dose groups. When killed on the day of vaginal proestrus, the females receiving the two higher doses of lindane had smaller pituitary and uterine weights, lower serum and pituitary luteinizing hormone (LH) and prolactin, and higher pituitary follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) concentrations than the oil-treated control females. Serum estrogen concentrations were not different from controls in the 5 and 20 mg/kg groups, significantly greater than the controls in the 10 mg/kg group, and significantly less than the controls in the group receiving 40 mg/kg. In a second experiment, the uterine weight and pituitary hormone response of 28-day-old, lindane-treated females to a 10-micrograms injection of estradiol benzoate (EB) were investigated. The uteri of the lindane-treated prepubertal females were smaller than controls at 30 hr after EB injection. Furthermore, the EB-induced increase in serum luteinizing hormone, observed at 30 hr after EB injection, was lower in the lindane-treated animals. Similarly, the reduction in pituitary LH, FSH, and prolactin induced by EB was not as great in the lindane-treated animals as in the controls. Serum estrogen concentrations in the lindane-treated animals were not different from controls. These data indicate that lindane may effectively block the response of estrogen-dependent tissues to this ovarian steroid hormone and that this apparent antiestrogenic effect of lindane is responsible for the disturbances observed in the neuroendocrine control of ovarian function in the rat. JF - Toxicology and applied pharmacology AU - Cooper, R L AU - Chadwick, R W AU - Rehnberg, G L AU - Goldman, J M AU - Booth, K C AU - Hein, J F AU - McElroy, W K AD - Endocrinology and Gerontology Section, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1989/07// PY - 1989 DA - July 1989 SP - 384 EP - 394 VL - 99 IS - 3 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - Estrogen Antagonists KW - 0 KW - Gonadal Steroid Hormones KW - Estradiol KW - 4TI98Z838E KW - Lindane KW - 59NEE7PCAB KW - Luteinizing Hormone KW - 9002-67-9 KW - Follicle Stimulating Hormone KW - 9002-68-0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Vagina -- drug effects KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Estrogen Antagonists -- pharmacology KW - Estradiol -- pharmacology KW - Luteinizing Hormone -- blood KW - Gonadal Steroid Hormones -- blood KW - Follicle Stimulating Hormone -- blood KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Lindane -- toxicity KW - Reproduction -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79107195?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+lindane+on+hormonal+control+of+reproductive+function+in+the+female+rat.&rft.au=Cooper%2C+R+L%3BChadwick%2C+R+W%3BRehnberg%2C+G+L%3BGoldman%2C+J+M%3BBooth%2C+K+C%3BHein%2C+J+F%3BMcElroy%2C+W+K&rft.aulast=Cooper&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1989-07-01&rft.volume=99&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=384&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-08-18 N1 - Date created - 1989-08-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Survival, Blood Osmolality, and Gill Morphology of Juvenile Yellow Perch, Rock Bass, Black Crappie, and Largemouth Bass Exposed to Acidified Soft Water AN - 20543257; 9226775 AB - When exposed to a range of pH from 7.0 to 4.0 in soft water (1 mg Ca super(2+)/L), juvenile rock bass Ambloplites rupestris, black crappie Pomoxis nigromaculatus, and largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides showed a capacity to osmoregulate and survive for up to 30 d at pH 4.5 and above. Juvenile yellow perch Perca flavescens maintained osmoregulatory control through 58 d at pH 5.0. All four species lost osmoregulatory control at pH 4.0, and death of fish ensued within a few days after blood osmolality declined to about 200 mosmol/kg or less (normal values, about 300 mosmol/kg). After 58 d of exposure to pH 4.0, mean blood osmolality of yellow perch was 218 mosmol/kg, and these fish were severely emaciated and moribund. Rock bass, black crappie, and largemouth bass all died by days 29, 16, and 9, respectively, when exposed to pH 4.0. However, when exposure to pH 4.0 was halted and pH was raised to 7.0 before death, blood osmolality returned to near-initial values within 15 d. Cessation of feeding also was noted at pH 4.0. Examination of gills showed progressively increased pathology with longer exposures to lower than normal pH. Among fish exposed to low pH, gill hyperplasia was present most often, but epithelial hypertrophy, chloride-cell proliferation, chloride-cell degeneration, edema, and vacuolization of the tissues also were observed. Morphological changes that were observed in the three centrarchids at pH values above pH 4.0 suggested that gill pathology may be a more sensitive indicator of potentially lethal acid stress than blood osmolality. JF - Transactions of the American Fisheries Society AU - MCCORMICK, JHOWARD AU - Jensen, Kathleen M AU - Leino, Richard L AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Research Laboratory-Duluth, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, Minnesota 55804, USA Y1 - 1989/07// PY - 1989 DA - Jul 1989 SP - 386 EP - 399 PB - American Fisheries Society, 5410 Grosvenor Ln. VL - 118 IS - 4 SN - 0002-8487, 0002-8487 KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - Feeding KW - Juveniles KW - Micropterus salmoides KW - Pathology KW - Perca flavescens KW - Survival KW - Freshwater KW - Freshwater fish KW - Osmoregulation KW - Blood KW - Hyperplasia KW - Hypertrophy KW - Ambloplites rupestris KW - Pomoxis nigromaculatus KW - Depleted stocks KW - Degeneration KW - pH effects KW - Gills KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - Q1 08484:Species interactions: parasites and diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20543257?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+American+Fisheries+Society&rft.atitle=Survival%2C+Blood+Osmolality%2C+and+Gill+Morphology+of+Juvenile+Yellow+Perch%2C+Rock+Bass%2C+Black+Crappie%2C+and+Largemouth+Bass+Exposed+to+Acidified+Soft+Water&rft.au=MCCORMICK%2C+JHOWARD%3BJensen%2C+Kathleen+M%3BLeino%2C+Richard+L&rft.aulast=MCCORMICK&rft.aufirst=JHOWARD&rft.date=1989-07-01&rft.volume=118&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=386&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+American+Fisheries+Society&rft.issn=00028487&rft_id=info:doi/10.1577%2F1548-8659%281989%291182.3.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Juveniles; Blood; Hypertrophy; Pathology; Depleted stocks; Survival; Freshwater fish; Gills; Osmoregulation; Feeding; Hyperplasia; Degeneration; pH effects; Micropterus salmoides; Ambloplites rupestris; Pomoxis nigromaculatus; Perca flavescens; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1989)118<0386:SBOAGM>2.3.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occurrence of Radon, Radium, and Uranium in Groundwater AN - 19108183; 9001162 AB - The need to establish new and revised drinking water regulations lead the US Environmental Protection Agency to conduct the National Inorganics and Radionuclides Survey to obtain information on the occurrence of various contaminants in drinking water from groundwater sources in the United States. The results that relate to radionuclides are discussed and compared with data from other studies showing that general agreement exists among the results from various studies. A description of the acquisition, analysis, and processing of the data is included. (Author 's abstract) JF - Journal of the American Water Works Association JAWWA5 Vol. 80, No. 7, p 84-93, July 1989. 8 fig, 12 tab, 7 ref. AU - Longtin, J P AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH Y1 - 1989/07// PY - 1989 DA - Jul 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Radium radioisotopes KW - Uranium KW - Radon KW - Surveys KW - Groundwater pollution KW - Drinking water KW - National Inorganics and Radionuclides Survey KW - SW 0880:Chemical processes KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - SW 0840:Groundwater UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19108183?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Occurrence+of+Radon%2C+Radium%2C+and+Uranium+in+Groundwater&rft.au=Longtin%2C+J+P&rft.aulast=Longtin&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1989-07-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Methods for Removing Uranium from Drinking Water AN - 19103075; 9001164 AB - The US Environmental Protection Agency has both sponsored several extramural research projects and conducted in-house research on uranium removal treatment. This article summarizes recent information on the effectiveness of various treatment methods to remove uranium from drinking water supplies. Because uranium is found in both surface water and groundwater, a variety of methods has been studied. Most of the information presented here, however, was developed from either laboratory or pilot-plant studies because only limited data exist on full-scale treatment systems. (Author 's abstract) JF - Journal of the American Water Works Association JAWWA5 Vol. 80, No. 7, p 105-111, July 1989. 8 fig, 6 tab, 15 ref. AU - Sorg, T J AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH. Drinking Water Research Div Y1 - 1989/07// PY - 1989 DA - Jul 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Uranium KW - Drinking water KW - Water treatment KW - Radium radioisotopes KW - Groundwater pollution KW - Water pollution KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19103075?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Methods+for+Removing+Uranium+from+Drinking+Water&rft.au=Sorg%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=Sorg&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1989-07-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Serotonergic modulation of the acoustic startle response in rats during preweaning development. AN - 79310340; 2530591 AB - The involvement of serotonin (5-HT) in modulating the acoustic startle response (ASR) is well established in adult rats, but 5-HT involvement during the preweaning period, when 5-HT neurons undergo extensive development, has not previously been described. Three 5-HT receptor subtypes are reported to modulate the ASR in adult rats: 5-HT1A and 5-HT2 receptor agonists facilitate the ASR, whereas 5-HT1B agonists decrease the response. In the present study, the effects of 5-HT agonists and generalized 5-HT depletion on the ASR were studied in preweanling animals, using independent groups of Long-Evans rats tested on postnatal day (PND) 13, 17 and 21. 8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino) tetralin (8OHDPAT, 62-1000 micrograms/kg), a 5-HT1A receptor agonist, and 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyl tryptamine (MeODMT, 2-4 mg/kg), a nonselective 5-HT agonist, had no effect on PND 13 and then increased the ASR on PND 17 and 21. The 5-HT2 receptor antagonists cyproheptadine (5 mg/kg) and ketanserin (5 mg/kg) blocked the effect of MeODMT at both ages, providing some evidence that MeODMT increased the ASR through 5-HT2 receptors. 1-(m-Chlorophenyl) piperazine (mCPP, 1-5 mg/kg), a 5-HT1B agonist, had no effect on ASR amplitude on PND 13 or 17 and then produced a dose-related decrease in the response on PND 21. Generalized depletion of 5-HT by 80-90% in whole-brain and spinal cord, using p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA, 300 mg/kg 24 hr prior to testing), did not alter ASR amplitude at any age.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior AU - Sheets, L P AU - Cook, L L AU - Reiter, L W AD - Neurotoxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1989/06// PY - 1989 DA - June 1989 SP - 415 EP - 422 VL - 33 IS - 2 SN - 0091-3057, 0091-3057 KW - Methoxydimethyltryptamines KW - 0 KW - Piperazines KW - Tetrahydronaphthalenes KW - Cyproheptadine KW - 2YHB6175DO KW - Serotonin KW - 333DO1RDJY KW - 8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin KW - 78950-78-4 KW - Ketanserin KW - 97F9DE4CT4 KW - Fenclonine KW - R5J7E3L9SP KW - 1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine KW - REY0CNO998 KW - Dopamine KW - VTD58H1Z2X KW - Norepinephrine KW - X4W3ENH1CV KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Age Factors KW - Dopamine -- pharmacology KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Brain Chemistry KW - Cyproheptadine -- pharmacology KW - Methoxydimethyltryptamines -- pharmacology KW - Piperazines -- pharmacology KW - Norepinephrine -- analysis KW - Fenclonine -- pharmacology KW - Rats KW - Tetrahydronaphthalenes -- pharmacology KW - Acoustic Stimulation KW - Ketanserin -- pharmacology KW - Female KW - Male KW - Animals, Suckling -- physiology KW - Reflex, Startle -- drug effects KW - Serotonin -- analysis KW - Serotonin -- physiology KW - Reflex, Startle -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79310340?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pharmacology%2C+biochemistry%2C+and+behavior&rft.atitle=Serotonergic+modulation+of+the+acoustic+startle+response+in+rats+during+preweaning+development.&rft.au=Sheets%2C+L+P%3BCook%2C+L+L%3BReiter%2C+L+W&rft.aulast=Sheets&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1989-06-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=415&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pharmacology%2C+biochemistry%2C+and+behavior&rft.issn=00913057&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-12-19 N1 - Date created - 1989-12-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of dinocap on otolith development: evaluation of mouse and hamster fetuses at term. AN - 79195992; 2772841 AB - The morphology of otoliths in CD-1 mouse and Syrian hamster fetuses exposed to the fungicide dinocap were evaluated at the end of gestation. Pregnant mice were dosed by gavage with 0, 10, 15, 30, or 60 mg/kg/day dinocap in corn oil on days 7-16 of gestation. Pregnant hamsters were dosed by the same route with 0, 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg/day on days 7-14 of gestation. At the end of gestation (day 18 in mice, day 15 in hamsters) dams were killed and all fetuses were removed and fixed overnight in 70% ethanol. Fetal heads were then removed, left in 70% ethanol for at least 3 days, and then dehydrated in a graded ethanol series and cleared with methyl salicylate. Otoliths were examined by darkfield microscopy, and each otolith was scored for morphological completeness on a scale of 0 to 3. Otolith development was complete by day 18 of gestation in control mouse fetuses. Otolith development was complete in many, but not all, of the hamster fetuses by day 15 of gestation. In the mouse, dinocap exposure inhibited fetal otolith formation in a dose-related manner, with a significant effect on total otolith score occurring at 10 mg/kg/day and above. Dinocap affected otolith formation in the hamster only at 100 mg/kg/day (200 mg/kg/day was embryolethal), concomitant with severe maternotoxicity and fetotoxicity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Teratology AU - Rogers, J M AU - Burkhead, L M AU - Barbee, B D AD - Perinatal Toxicology Branch, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1989/06// PY - 1989 DA - June 1989 SP - 515 EP - 523 VL - 39 IS - 6 SN - 0040-3709, 0040-3709 KW - Dinitrobenzenes KW - 0 KW - Fungicides, Industrial KW - Nitrobenzenes KW - Teratogens KW - dinocap KW - JZG115B8H5 KW - Index Medicus KW - Maternal-Fetal Exchange KW - Fetus KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Pregnancy Complications -- chemically induced KW - Mesocricetus KW - Mice KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Cricetinae KW - Otolithic Membrane -- embryology KW - Otolithic Membrane -- drug effects KW - Otolithic Membrane -- abnormalities KW - Nitrobenzenes -- toxicity KW - Fungicides, Industrial -- toxicity KW - Dinitrobenzenes -- toxicity KW - Saccule and Utricle -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79195992?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Teratology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+dinocap+on+otolith+development%3A+evaluation+of+mouse+and+hamster+fetuses+at+term.&rft.au=Rogers%2C+J+M%3BBurkhead%2C+L+M%3BBarbee%2C+B+D&rft.aulast=Rogers&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1989-06-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=515&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Teratology&rft.issn=00403709&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-10-05 N1 - Date created - 1989-10-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Collisional activation mass spectra of M-. ions of azo dyes containing 2-naphthol. AN - 79166380; 2765698 AB - Collisionally activated decomposition mass spectra of M-. ions of azo dyes are presented. The compounds are of general structure Ar(1)--N = N--Ar(2), where Ar(1) is substituted phenyl and Ar(2) is 2-naphthol. Characteristic fragment ions observed include m/z 157, which corresponds to the 2-naphthol substituent with cleavage of the--N = N--bond represented as [Ar(2)--N]-.. Ion of general structure [Ar(1)--NH]- are also observed. Parent ion scans of m/z 157 provide a potential screening technique for 2-naphthol-containing axo dyes. Specific results are reported for the chloroform extract of FD&C Red #8, and capillary gas chromatographic introduction is compared with direct exposure probe introduction for the identification of dyes. JF - Biomedical & environmental mass spectrometry AU - Brumley, W C AU - Brilis, G M AU - Calvey, R J AU - Sphon, J A AD - US Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory, Las Vegas, Nevada 89193. Y1 - 1989/06// PY - 1989 DA - June 1989 SP - 394 EP - 400 VL - 18 IS - 6 SN - 0887-6134, 0887-6134 KW - Azo Compounds KW - 0 KW - Naphthols KW - Solvents KW - 1-phenylazo-2-naphthol KW - 48I7IBB68J KW - 2-naphthol KW - P2Z71CIK5H KW - Index Medicus KW - Mass Spectrometry KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry KW - Naphthols -- analysis KW - Azo Compounds -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79166380?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biomedical+%26+environmental+mass+spectrometry&rft.atitle=Collisional+activation+mass+spectra+of+M-.+ions+of+azo+dyes+containing+2-naphthol.&rft.au=Brumley%2C+W+C%3BBrilis%2C+G+M%3BCalvey%2C+R+J%3BSphon%2C+J+A&rft.aulast=Brumley&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1989-06-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=394&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biomedical+%26+environmental+mass+spectrometry&rft.issn=08876134&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-10-04 N1 - Date created - 1989-10-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inhibition of gap-junctional intercellular communication between Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts by di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and trisodium nitrilotriacetate monohydrate (NTA). AN - 79164569; 2766028 AB - Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate and trisodium nitrilotriacetate monohydrate, two apparently nongenotoxic carcinogens, were tested for effects on gap-junctional communication between Chinese hamster V79 lung fibroblasts. Both compounds inhibited gap-junctional communication in a concentration-dependent manner. The inhibiting effects of these chemicals on gap-junctional communication in vitro correlate with their tumor-promoting activity. Such results further support the hypothesis that inhibition of gap-junctional communication is an in vitro biomarker for some tumor-promoting chemicals. JF - Cell biology and toxicology AU - Malcolm, A R AU - Mills, L J AD - Environmental Research Laboratory, U.S. EPA, Narragansett, Rhode Island. Y1 - 1989/06// PY - 1989 DA - June 1989 SP - 145 EP - 153 VL - 5 IS - 2 SN - 0742-2091, 0742-2091 KW - Acetates KW - 0 KW - Phthalic Acids KW - Diethylhexyl Phthalate KW - C42K0PH13C KW - Nitrilotriacetic Acid KW - KA90006V9D KW - Index Medicus KW - Fibroblasts -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Cricetulus KW - Cell Survival -- drug effects KW - Lung -- cytology KW - In Vitro Techniques KW - Carcinogenicity Tests -- methods KW - Cricetinae KW - Cell Communication -- drug effects KW - Phthalic Acids -- pharmacology KW - Nitrilotriacetic Acid -- pharmacology KW - Intercellular Junctions -- drug effects KW - Diethylhexyl Phthalate -- pharmacology KW - Acetates -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79164569?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cell+biology+and+toxicology&rft.atitle=Inhibition+of+gap-junctional+intercellular+communication+between+Chinese+hamster+lung+fibroblasts+by+di%282-ethylhexyl%29+phthalate+%28DEHP%29+and+trisodium+nitrilotriacetate+monohydrate+%28NTA%29.&rft.au=Malcolm%2C+A+R%3BMills%2C+L+J&rft.aulast=Malcolm&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1989-06-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=145&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cell+biology+and+toxicology&rft.issn=07422091&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-10-10 N1 - Date created - 1989-10-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Utility of short-term tests for genetic toxicity. AN - 79164182; 2670087 AB - By definition, short-term tests (STTs) for genetic toxicity detect genotoxic agents, not carcinogens specifically. However, there is sufficient evidence, based on mechanistic considerations alone, to say that genotoxic agents are potential carcinogens. STTs have high statistical power, are almost always replicated, can be performed rather easily under various sets of experimental conditions, are relatively inexpensive, and detect a variety of endpoints relevant to carcinogenesis. In addition, several STTs have shown considerable utility in evaluating the genotoxic effects of real-world, environmental complex mixtures as well as the antimutagenic effects of various pure compounds and complex mixtures. STTs are likely to continue to be refined, resulting in STTs that are increasingly more relevant to human mutation and disease. Their utility should not be judged solely against the questionable standard of a rodent carcinogenicity assay. JF - Cell biology and toxicology AU - DeMarini, D M AU - Lewtas, J AU - Brockman, H E AD - Genetic Toxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1989/06// PY - 1989 DA - June 1989 SP - 189 EP - 200 VL - 5 IS - 2 SN - 0742-2091, 0742-2091 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Carcinogens -- classification KW - Humans KW - Mice KW - Species Specificity KW - Mutagenicity Tests -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79164182?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cell+biology+and+toxicology&rft.atitle=Utility+of+short-term+tests+for+genetic+toxicity.&rft.au=DeMarini%2C+D+M%3BLewtas%2C+J%3BBrockman%2C+H+E&rft.aulast=DeMarini&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1989-06-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=189&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cell+biology+and+toxicology&rft.issn=07422091&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-10-10 N1 - Date created - 1989-10-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hybridization of DNA probes with whole-community genome for detection of genes that encode microbial responses to pollutants: mer genes and Hg2+ resistance. AN - 79159522; 2764567 AB - Nucleic acids extracted from microbial biomass without prior culturing were hybridized with probes representing four mer operons to detect genes encoding adaptation to Hg2+ in whole-community genomes. A 29-fold enrichment in sequences similar to the mer genes of transposon Tn501 occurred during adaptation in a freshwater community. In an estuarine community, all four mer genes were only slightly enriched (by three- to fivefold), suggesting that additional, yet uncharacterized, mer genes encoded adaptation to Hg2+. JF - Applied and environmental microbiology AU - Barkay, T AU - Liebert, C AU - Gillman, M AD - Microbial Ecology and Biotechnology Branch U.S., Environmental Protection Agency, Sabine Island, Gulf Breeze, Florida 32561. Y1 - 1989/06// PY - 1989 DA - June 1989 SP - 1574 EP - 1577 VL - 55 IS - 6 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - DNA Probes KW - 0 KW - Water Pollutants KW - Mercury KW - FXS1BY2PGL KW - Index Medicus KW - Genes, Bacterial KW - Operon KW - Drug Resistance, Microbial -- genetics KW - Adaptation, Physiological KW - Nucleic Acid Hybridization KW - Water Microbiology KW - Bacteria -- genetics KW - Mercury -- pharmacology KW - Bacteria -- drug effects KW - Water Pollutants -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79159522?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=Hybridization+of+DNA+probes+with+whole-community+genome+for+detection+of+genes+that+encode+microbial+responses+to+pollutants%3A+mer+genes+and+Hg2%2B+resistance.&rft.au=Barkay%2C+T%3BLiebert%2C+C%3BGillman%2C+M&rft.aulast=Barkay&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1989-06-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1574&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-09-21 N1 - Date created - 1989-09-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Plasmid. 1984 May;11(3):206-20 [6087391] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1985 Mar;49(3):686-92 [3994373] Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1986 Apr;29(4):663-9 [3635384] J Bacteriol. 1987 Oct;169(10):4848-51 [2820946] Biotechniques. 1988 Jan;6(1):20-1 [2483654] Annu Rev Microbiol. 1988;42:717-43 [3060006] Plasmid. 1988 Sep;20(2):127-36 [2853392] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1989 May;55(5):1196-202 [2547336] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1988 May;54(5):1079-84 [3389805] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of the immunotoxicity of low level PCB exposure in the rat. AN - 79057886; 2499955 AB - Weanling male Fischer 344 rats were exposed daily by gastric intubation for up to 15 weeks to the polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) Aroclor 1254 at 0.1, 1, 10, or 25 mg/kg body weight. At 5, 10 and 15 weeks groups of rats were killed and immune functions were evaluated. The immune parameters examined included the following: body and lymphoid organ weights, mitogen-stimulated lymphoproliferative (LP) responses, natural killer (NK) cell activity, mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR), and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response. After 15 weeks of dosing body weights were reduced in rats receiving 25 mg/kg PCB while thymus weights were decreased in rats receiving 10 and 25 mg/kg. NK cell activity was reduced in rats dosed for 15 weeks at 10 and 25 mg/kg. The LP response to phytohemagglutinin was enhanced in rats dosed for 15 weeks at 25 mg/kg PCB. Exposure of rats to PCB did not affect the MLR or CTL responses. Other groups of rats were exposed to cyclophosphamide (CY) and served as positive controls for the immune assays employed. CY induced alterations in all of the immune parameters measured, indicating that this is an appropriate battery of immune function tests which is capable of detecting immune alterations in the rat. Alterations in immune function induced by daily gastric intubation with PCB were accompanied by reductions in body weight and/or hepatomegaly. These results suggest that the observed immune alterations may be related to the overt toxicity of this PCB in the rat. JF - Toxicology AU - Smialowicz, R J AU - Andrews, J E AU - Riddle, M M AU - Rogers, R R AU - Luebke, R W AU - Copeland, C B AD - Developmental and Cell Toxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1989/06/01/ PY - 1989 DA - 1989 Jun 01 SP - 197 EP - 211 VL - 56 IS - 2 SN - 0300-483X, 0300-483X KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls KW - DFC2HB4I0K KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Intubation, Gastrointestinal KW - T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic -- immunology KW - Thymus Gland -- drug effects KW - Killer Cells, Natural -- drug effects KW - Lymphocyte Activation -- drug effects KW - Rats KW - Thymus Gland -- immunology KW - Lymphocytes -- immunology KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Lymphocytes -- drug effects KW - Killer Cells, Natural -- immunology KW - Male KW - T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic -- drug effects KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls -- toxicity KW - Immunity, Cellular -- drug effects KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls -- immunology KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79057886?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+the+immunotoxicity+of+low+level+PCB+exposure+in+the+rat.&rft.au=Smialowicz%2C+R+J%3BAndrews%2C+J+E%3BRiddle%2C+M+M%3BRogers%2C+R+R%3BLuebke%2C+R+W%3BCopeland%2C+C+B&rft.aulast=Smialowicz&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1989-06-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=197&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology&rft.issn=0300483X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-07-21 N1 - Date created - 1989-07-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sensitivity of rat and mouse peripheral blood lymphocytes to BaP adduction and SCE formation. AN - 78974007; 2720898 AB - Both mice and rats were injected i.p. with doses of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) ranging from 10 to 100 mg/kg to compare species sensitivity to and the relationship between sister chromatid exchange (SCE) induction and DNA adduct formation. Twenty-four hours after injection, blood was removed by cardiac puncture and the peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) were analyzed for both DNA adduct formation by 32P-postlabeling and SCE induction following lymphocyte culture. BaP induced similar, but not identical, SCE dose-response curves for each species. After BaP administration, the major DNA adduct, N2-[10 beta-(7 beta,8 alpha,9 alpha-trihydroxy-7,8,9,10- tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene)yl]deoxyguanosine (BPDEI-dGuo), was approximately 10-fold more prevalent in the PBLs of the mouse than those of the rat. Thus, for equivalent amounts of BPDEI-dGuo, a greater number of SCEs are induced in the rat than the mouse. JF - Carcinogenesis AU - Kligerman, A D AU - Nesnow, S AU - Erexson, G L AU - Earley, K AU - Gupta, R C AD - Genetic Toxicology Division, Health Effects Research Laboratory, Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1989/06// PY - 1989 DA - June 1989 SP - 1041 EP - 1045 VL - 10 IS - 6 SN - 0143-3334, 0143-3334 KW - Benzo(a)pyrene KW - 3417WMA06D KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats, Inbred Strains KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Reference Values KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Mice KW - Male KW - Lymphocytes -- pathology KW - DNA -- metabolism KW - Sister Chromatid Exchange -- drug effects KW - Benzo(a)pyrene -- toxicity KW - Lymphocytes -- cytology KW - Lymphocytes -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78974007?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Carcinogenesis&rft.atitle=Sensitivity+of+rat+and+mouse+peripheral+blood+lymphocytes+to+BaP+adduction+and+SCE+formation.&rft.au=Kligerman%2C+A+D%3BNesnow%2C+S%3BErexson%2C+G+L%3BEarley%2C+K%3BGupta%2C+R+C&rft.aulast=Kligerman&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1989-06-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1041&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Carcinogenesis&rft.issn=01433334&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-07-12 N1 - Date created - 1989-07-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of Chemicals on Microorganisms AN - 19063125; 8912545 AB - Recent studies on the effects of chemicals on microorganisms are reviewed. A table shows chemicals tested, EC50, and the test used. Topics discussed include: (1) Bacterial toxicity tests that measured bioluminescence, respiration, growth, enzyme activity, and methanogenesis; (2) Algal toxicity tests for photosynthetic response, growth, density, nitrogen fixation, and glycophosphate; (3) Fungal and yeast toxicity tests; (4) Comparative sensitivity of microbial toxicity testing systems by measuring growth, oxygen uptake, dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase activity, photosynthesis, respiration, nitrogenase, nitrate reductase, and glutamine synthetase in bacteria and algae; (5) Comparative sensitivity of microbial, terrestrial, and aquatic organism testing; (6) Quantitative structure activity relationships; (7) Use of microbes to assess toxicity in different environments such as water, sediment, soil, and wastewater; and (8) biotechnology. (White-Reimer-PTT) JF - Journal-Water Pollution Control Federation JWPFA5 Vol. 61, No. 6, p 1077-1097, June 1989. 1 tab, 96 ref. AU - Walker, J D AD - Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC. Office of Toxic Substances Y1 - 1989/06// PY - 1989 DA - Jun 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Literature review KW - Water pollution effects KW - Microorganisms KW - Toxicity KW - Bioassay KW - Bacterial physiology KW - Algal physiology KW - Photosynthesis KW - Respiration KW - Fungi KW - Yeasts KW - Testing procedures KW - Biotechnology KW - Aquatic environment KW - Sediments KW - Soil environment KW - Wastewater KW - SW 8080:Preparation of reviews KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19063125?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effects+of+Chemicals+on+Microorganisms&rft.au=Walker%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1989-06-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lake and Reservoir Management AN - 19061756; 8912535 AB - A review of recent studies on lake and reservoir management includes: (1) Proceedings and noteworthy items; (2) Water quality studies on reservoirs, softwater lakes, seasonal changes in light penetration and spectral distribution, the role of turbidity in controlling physicochemical and biological aspects of water quality, seasonal and spatial fluctuations in dissolved oxygen, equations for predicting the reaeration rate of streams, the origin and influence of coal mine drainage on streams, a Community Degradation Index, eutrophication control, and trophic state relationships; (2) Nutrients in lakes of the central floodplain, nutrient-algal dynamics, and nitrogen and phosphorus dynamics; (3) Sediments in relation to chemical and biological factors and model studies; (4) Toxic chemicals such as heavy metals and organics; (5) Viruses, bacteria, and protozoa; (6) Algae; (7) Aquatic macrophytes; (8) Zooplankton; (9) Macroinvertebrates; and (10) Fisheries in regard to ecology, age and growth, and management. (White-Reimer-PTT) JF - Journal-Water Pollution Control Federation JWPFA5 Vol. 61, No. 6, p 931-952, June 1989. 489 ref. AU - McDonell, D B AU - Crocker, P A AD - Environmental Protection Agency Dallas, TX. Region VI Y1 - 1989/06// PY - 1989 DA - Jun 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Literature review KW - Lakes KW - Reservoirs KW - Water pollution effects KW - Path of pollutants KW - Fate of pollutants KW - Water quality KW - Nutrients KW - Sediments KW - Toxicity KW - Viruses KW - Bacteria KW - Protozoa KW - Algae KW - Aquatic plants KW - Zooplankton KW - Invertebrates KW - Fisheries KW - SW 0850:Lakes KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - SW 8080:Preparation of reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19061756?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Lake+and+Reservoir+Management&rft.au=McDonell%2C+D+B%3BCrocker%2C+P+A&rft.aulast=McDonell&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1989-06-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Human Health Effects Assays AN - 19061681; 8912544 AB - The use of assays to evaluate and assist in predicting potentially adverse human health effects associated with exposure to pollutants in water (that is, municipal wastewater, sewage sludge, ambient water, and drinking water) is the focus of this review. Estimation of human health effects associated with exposure to pollutants in water was determined by epidemiologic studies, acute and chronic animal studies, toxicity studies, mutagenicity studies, and in vitro toxicity studies. Epidemiologic studies were used to estimate the human health risks including cancer associated with domestic consumption of, or exposure to, chlorinated water, unchlorinated water, groundwater supplies containing radon and its progeny, drinking water containing trichloroethylene or radon, and hardness components of sewage. Several animal bioassays have been performed on contaminants in water. In some cases, whole, extracted, or separated wastes were given to animals; in other studies, ' contaminants ' were administered as pure chemicals. Fish bioassays provide a possible means of monitoring aquatic contamination and estimating toxicity. Changes in the behavior of aquatic animals provided information on the potential toxicity of contaminated water. A variety of microbial and in vitro assays have been used to estimate water quality and to provide information regarding the potential hazard associated with exposure to contaminated water and/or its wastes. A summary of short-term bioassays used to assess the genotoxicity of samples from drinking water, wastewater, and river water contaminated with industrial products is presented in table form. (White-Reimer-PTT) JF - Journal-Water Pollution Control Federation JWPFA5 Vol. 61, No. 6, p 1072-1077, June 1989. 2 tab, 74 ref. AU - Fradkin, L AU - Sonich-Mullin, C AU - Cerny, M AU - Kruger, C AU - Cavender, F AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH. Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office Y1 - 1989/06// PY - 1989 DA - Jun 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Literature review KW - Bioassay KW - Toxicity KW - Human diseases KW - Human pathology KW - Drinking water KW - Water pollution effects KW - Risks KW - Human studies KW - Animal studies KW - Fish bioassays KW - Animal behavior KW - Testing procedures KW - Municipal wastewater KW - Sewage sludge KW - Industrial wastes KW - SW 3010:Identification of pollutants KW - SW 8080:Preparation of reviews KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19061681?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Human+Health+Effects+Assays&rft.au=Fradkin%2C+L%3BSonich-Mullin%2C+C%3BCerny%2C+M%3BKruger%2C+C%3BCavender%2C+F&rft.aulast=Fradkin&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1989-06-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hybridization of DNA Probes with Whole-Community Genome for Detection of Genes that Encode Microbial Responses to Pollutants: mer Genes and Hg(2+) Resistance AN - 19061444; 8912659 AB - Aquatic microbial communities adapt to the presence of Hg(2+) in their environment by increased Hg(2+) tolerance and accelerated rates of Hg(2+) reduction to Hg(0). The use of DNA probes to determine the abundance of sequences similar to four characterized mer genes in nucleic acid fraction obtained from Hg(2+)-adapted and -unadapted (control) microbial communities is described. Estuarine water samples were collected from Santa Rosa Sound, Fla. and freshwater samples were taken from Thompson 's Bayou, Fla. Nucleic acids were extracted and purified from cell pastes obtained by a filtration process and four probes were used to detect mer homologous DNA in the genomes of Hg(2+) exposed and control communities. A 29-fold enrichment in sequences similar to the mer genes of transposon Tn501 occurred during adaptation in a freshwater community. In an estuarine community, all four mer genes were only slightly enriched (by three to five-fold), suggesting that additional, yet uncharacterized, mer genes encoded adaptation to Hg(2+). This approach can be used for the identification of functional genes, and their relatedness to ecological processes could be used to predict the fate and, indirectly, the effects of pollutants in the environment. (White-Reimer-PTT) JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AEMIDF Vol. 55, No. 6, p 1574-1577, June 1989. 2 fig, 1 tab, 17 ref. AU - Barkay, T AU - Liebert, C AU - Gillman, M AD - Environmental Protection Agency Gulf Breeze, FL. Gulf Breeze Environmental Research Lab Y1 - 1989/06// PY - 1989 DA - Jun 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Nucleic acids KW - Genetics KW - Water pollution effects KW - Bioindicators KW - Mercury KW - Fate of pollutants KW - Microbiological studies KW - Probes KW - Testing procedures KW - Genes KW - Florida KW - Estuaries KW - Bayous KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19061444?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Hybridization+of+DNA+Probes+with+Whole-Community+Genome+for+Detection+of+Genes+that+Encode+Microbial+Responses+to+Pollutants%3A+mer+Genes+and+Hg%282%2B%29+Resistance&rft.au=Barkay%2C+T%3BLiebert%2C+C%3BGillman%2C+M&rft.aulast=Barkay&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1989-06-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Some scientific judgments in the assessment of the risk of environmental contaminants. AN - 79154211; 2763310 AB - The assessment of risk due to environmental contaminants depends, in part, on scientific data. When such data are incomplete, as is usually the case, assumptions based on scientific judgments are made to analyze the consequences. Specifically, when health related data needed to assess the risk posed by environmental contaminants are missing or incomplete, it becomes necessary to make assumptions using scientific judgment to estimate the risk. Different scientists can and do make different assumptions, and the resulting differences in opinion can result in controversy. The present discussion presents a few of the consensus judgments of the Science Advisory Board (SAB) of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency concerning the health effects and risk for such environmental contaminants as 1,2-dichloroethylene, dichloromethane, para-dichlorobenzene, polychlorinated biphenyls, perchloroethylene, and xylene, as well as the implications of the more likely cancer mechanisms, the exposure routes, and pharmacokinetics to the risk assessment process. In some of these examples, the scientific data have been developed to the extent that specific judgments by groups such as the SAB can result in greater confidence that one is correct in the assessment of risk. Because of the uncertainties in current scientific knowledge for many environmental contaminants, judgments differ and there is no right or wrong opinion. JF - Toxicology and industrial health AU - Cothern, C R AD - Science Advisory Board, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460. Y1 - 1989/05// PY - 1989 DA - May 1989 SP - 479 EP - 491 VL - 5 IS - 3 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - Humans KW - Problem Solving KW - Risk KW - Environmental Pollutants -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79154211?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.atitle=Some+scientific+judgments+in+the+assessment+of+the+risk+of+environmental+contaminants.&rft.au=Cothern%2C+C+R&rft.aulast=Cothern&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1989-05-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=479&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-09-11 N1 - Date created - 1989-09-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental significance of the potential for mer(Tn21)-mediated reduction of Hg2+ to Hg0 in natural waters. AN - 79126874; 2547336 AB - The role of mer(Tn21) in the adaptation of aquatic microbial communities to Hg2+ was investigated. Elemental mercury was the sole product of Hg2+ volatilization by freshwater and saline water microbial communities. Bacterial activity was responsible for biotransformation because most microeucaryotes did not survive the exposure conditions, and removal of larger microbes (greater than 1 micromole) from adapted communities did not significantly (P greater than 0.01) reduce Hg2+ volatilization rates. DNA sequences homologous to mer(Tn21) were found in 50% of Hg2+-resistant bacterial strains representing two freshwater communities, but in only 12% of strains representing two saline communities (the difference was highly significant; P less than 0.001). Thus, mer(Tn21) played a significant role in Hg2+ resistance among strains isolated from fresh waters, in which microbial activity had a limited role in Hg2+ volatilization. In saline water environments in which microbially mediated volatilization was the major mechanism of Hg2+ loss, other bacterial genes coded for this biotransformation. JF - Applied and environmental microbiology AU - Barkay, T AU - Liebert, C AU - Gillman, M AD - Microbial Ecology and Biotechnology Branch, Environmental Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Gulf Breeze, Florida 32561. Y1 - 1989/05// PY - 1989 DA - May 1989 SP - 1196 EP - 1202 VL - 55 IS - 5 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - DNA Transposable Elements KW - 0 KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - Mercury KW - FXS1BY2PGL KW - Index Medicus KW - Oxidation-Reduction KW - Animals KW - Genes, Bacterial KW - Fresh Water KW - Biotransformation KW - Seawater KW - Eukaryota -- drug effects KW - Drug Resistance, Microbial KW - Volatilization KW - Eukaryota -- metabolism KW - Bacteria -- metabolism KW - Bacteria -- genetics KW - Mercury -- metabolism KW - Mercury -- pharmacology KW - Bacteria -- drug effects KW - Water Microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79126874?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=Environmental+significance+of+the+potential+for+mer%28Tn21%29-mediated+reduction+of+Hg2%2B+to+Hg0+in+natural+waters.&rft.au=Barkay%2C+T%3BLiebert%2C+C%3BGillman%2C+M&rft.aulast=Barkay&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1989-05-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1196&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-08-28 N1 - Date created - 1989-08-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Bacteriol. 1972 Dec;112(3):1228-36 [4565536] Science. 1984 Jun 8;224(4653):1064-8 [16827211] J Bacteriol. 1977 Oct;132(1):197-208 [914774] Annu Rev Microbiol. 1978;32:637-72 [360977] Can J Microbiol. 1979 Nov;25(11):1252-7 [161510] Science. 1981 Dec 4;214(4525):1133-5 [7302584] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1984 Dec;48(6):1203-7 [6517588] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1985 Mar;49(3):686-92 [3994373] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1986 Apr;51(4):781-9 [3707123] Annu Rev Microbiol. 1986;40:607-34 [3535655] Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 1987 Dec;14(3):239-51 [3691377] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1988 Aug;54(8):2003-9 [3178208] Annu Rev Microbiol. 1988;42:717-43 [3060006] Crit Rev Biotechnol. 1988;8(1):33-84 [3063388] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1989 Feb;55(2):523-5 [2655538] Microbiol Sci. 1988 Jun;5(6):165-9 [3079233] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1977 May;33(5):1225-8 [327932] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The toxicity of acetylenic alcohols to the fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas: narcosis and proelectrophile activation. AN - 79122300; 2750212 AB - 1. The 96-h LC50 values for 16 acetylenic alcohols in the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) were determined using continuous-flow diluters. The measured LC50 values for seven tertiary propargylic alcohols agreed closely with the QSAR predictions based upon data for other organic non-electrolytes acting by a narcosis mechanism. 2. Four primary and four secondary propargylic alcohols were 7 to 4600 times more toxic than the respective narcotic toxicity estimated by QSAR. Metabolic activation to electrophilic alpha,beta-unsaturated propargylic aldehydes or ketones is proposed to account for the increased toxicity. 3. 3-Butyn-1-ol and 4-pentyn-2-ol, primary and secondary homopropargylic alcohols, were 320 and 160, respectively, times more toxic than predicted. In this case an activation step involving biotransformation to an allenic electrophile intermediate was proposed. JF - Xenobiotica; the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems AU - Veith, G D AU - Lipnick, R L AU - Russom, C L AD - US Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Research Laboratory-Duluth, MN 55804. Y1 - 1989/05// PY - 1989 DA - May 1989 SP - 555 EP - 565 VL - 19 IS - 5 SN - 0049-8254, 0049-8254 KW - Fatty Alcohols KW - 0 KW - Narcotics KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Chemistry KW - Biotransformation KW - Chemical Phenomena KW - Structure-Activity Relationship KW - Cyprinidae -- metabolism KW - Fatty Alcohols -- toxicity KW - Fatty Alcohols -- pharmacokinetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79122300?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Xenobiotica%3B+the+fate+of+foreign+compounds+in+biological+systems&rft.atitle=The+toxicity+of+acetylenic+alcohols+to+the+fathead+minnow%2C+Pimephales+promelas%3A+narcosis+and+proelectrophile+activation.&rft.au=Veith%2C+G+D%3BLipnick%2C+R+L%3BRussom%2C+C+L&rft.aulast=Veith&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1989-05-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=555&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Xenobiotica%3B+the+fate+of+foreign+compounds+in+biological+systems&rft.issn=00498254&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-08-25 N1 - Date created - 1989-08-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of nickel chloride on body temperature and behavioral thermoregulation in the rat. AN - 79117879; 2755427 AB - This study was designed to assess the effects of acute nickel chloride administration on behavioral and autonomic thermoregulation in the rat. In one experiment, male rats of the Fischer 344 strain were injected with nickel chloride (IP) at dosages of 0 to 24.0 mg/kg and placed in an environmental chamber maintained at an ambient temperature (Ta) of 10 or 20 degrees C. Colonic temperature was measured 60 min postinjection. Nickel chloride caused a dose-related decrease in colonic temperature, and the hypothermia was accentuated at the cooler Ta. In a second study, rats injected with 0, 6.0, 12.0, or 24.0 mg/kg nickel chloride were placed in a temperature gradient which allowed the rats to select their preferred thermal environment. Nickel chloride at dosages of 12.0 and 24.0 mg/kg caused a significant reduction in the selected Ta. At these dosages the rats were also significantly hypothermic at 60 min postinjection. In a third experiment, whole-body oxygen consumption (i.e., metabolic rate) was measured at Ta's of 10, 20, and 30 degrees C following a 12.0 mg/kg injection of nickel chloride. Nickel chloride caused an initial depression in metabolic rate and hypothermia at Ta's of 10 and 20 degrees C but not at 30 degrees C. In conclusion, (a) nickel chloride affects both behavioral and autonomic control of thermoregulation in the rat and appears to induce a regulated decrease in body temperature and (b) the behavioral thermoregulatory response of the rat is less sensitive to nickel chloride when compared to the mouse. JF - Neurotoxicology and teratology AU - Gordon, C J AD - Neurotoxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. PY - 1989 SP - 317 EP - 320 VL - 11 IS - 3 SN - 0892-0362, 0892-0362 KW - nickel chloride KW - 696BNE976J KW - Nickel KW - 7OV03QG267 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Body Temperature Regulation -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Male KW - Metabolism -- drug effects KW - Body Temperature -- drug effects KW - Nickel -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79117879?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+nickel+chloride+on+body+temperature+and+behavioral+thermoregulation+in+the+rat.&rft.au=Gordon%2C+C+J&rft.aulast=Gordon&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1989-05-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=317&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.issn=08920362&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-08-31 N1 - Date created - 1989-08-31 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Developmental toxicity of dichloroacetonitrile: a by-product of drinking water disinfection. AN - 79087992; 2744278 AB - Dichloroacetonitrile (DCAN), a by-product of drinking water disinfection formed by reaction of chlorine with background organic materials, was evaluated for its developmental effects in pregnant Long-Evans rats. Animals were dosed by oral intubation on Gestation Days 6-18 (plug = 0) with 0, 5, 15, 25, or 45 mg/kg/day. Tricaprylin was used as a vehicle. The highest dose tested (45 mg/kg) was lethal in 9% of the dams and caused resorption of the entire litter in 60% of the survivors. Embryolethality averaged 6% per litter at the low dose and 80% at the high dose and was statistically significant at 25 and 45 mg/kg/day. The incidence of soft tissue malformations was dose related and was statistically significant at doses toxic to the dam (45 mg/kg). These anomalies were principally in the cardiovascular (interventricular septal defect, levocardia, and abnormalities of the major vessels) and urogenital (hydronephrosis, rudimentary bladder and kidney, fused ureters, pelvic hernia, cryptorchidism) systems. The frequency of skeletal malformations (fused and cervical ribs) was also dose related and significantly increased at 45 mg/kg. The no-observed-adverse-effect dose for toxicity in pregnant Long-Evans rats was established by statistical analysis to be 15 mg/kg/day. JF - Fundamental and applied toxicology : official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Smith, M K AU - Randall, J L AU - Stober, J A AU - Read, E J AD - Health Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268. Y1 - 1989/05// PY - 1989 DA - May 1989 SP - 765 EP - 772 VL - 12 IS - 4 SN - 0272-0590, 0272-0590 KW - Acetates KW - 0 KW - Dichloroacetic Acid KW - 9LSH52S3LQ KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Fetus -- drug effects KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Dichloroacetic Acid -- toxicity KW - Reproduction -- drug effects KW - Water Supply KW - Pregnancy, Animal -- drug effects KW - Acetates -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79087992?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fundamental+and+applied+toxicology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Developmental+toxicity+of+dichloroacetonitrile%3A+a+by-product+of+drinking+water+disinfection.&rft.au=Smith%2C+M+K%3BRandall%2C+J+L%3BStober%2C+J+A%3BRead%2C+E+J&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1989-05-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=765&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fundamental+and+applied+toxicology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=02720590&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-08-25 N1 - Date created - 1989-08-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Thyroid follicular cell carcinogenesis. AN - 79077543; 2663577 AB - Ample information in experimental animals indicates a relationship between inhibition of thyroid-pituitary homeostasis and the developmental thyroid follicular cell neoplasms. This is generally the case when there are long-term reductions in circulating thyroid hormones which have triggered increases in circulating thyroid stimulating hormone. Such hormonal derangements leading to neoplasms have been produced by different regimens, including dietary iodide deficiency, subtotal thyroidectomy, and administration of natural and xenobiotic chemical substances. The carcinogenic process proceeds through a number of stages, including follicular cell hypertrophy, hyperplasia, and benign and sometimes malignant neoplasms. Given the interrelationship between the thyroid and pituitary glands, conditions that result in stimulation of the thyroid can also result in stimulation of the pituitary, with the development of hyperplastic and neoplastic changes. The progression of events leading to thyroid (and pituitary) neoplasms can be reversed under certain circumstances be reestablishing thyroid-pituitary homeostasis. Most chemicals that have induced follicular cell tumors seem to operate through inhibition of the synthesis of thyroid hormone or an increase in their degradation and removal. For some of these compounds, it appears that genotoxic reactions may not be playing a dominant role in the carcinogenic process. A seemingly small group of thyroid carcinogens seems to lack influence on thyroid-pituitary status and may in part be operating via their genotoxic potential. In contrast with the well-established relationship between thyroid-pituitary derangement and follicular cell neoplasms in animals, the state of information in humans is much less certain. At this time, ionizing radiation is the only acknowledged human thyroid carcinogen, a finding well established in experimental systems as well. Although humans respond to goitrogenic stimuli as do animals, with the development of cellular hypertrophy, hyperplasia, and under certain circumstances nodular lesions, disagreement exists as to whether malignant transformation occurs in any predictable manner. It would seem that if humans develop thyroid tumors following long-term derangement in thyroid-pituitary status, they may be less sensitive than the commonly used animal models. JF - Fundamental and applied toxicology : official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Hill, R N AU - Erdreich, L S AU - Paynter, O E AU - Roberts, P A AU - Rosenthal, S L AU - Wilkinson, C F AD - Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. 20460. Y1 - 1989/05// PY - 1989 DA - May 1989 SP - 629 EP - 697 VL - 12 IS - 4 SN - 0272-0590, 0272-0590 KW - Mutagens KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Pituitary Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Humans KW - Thyroid Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Adenocarcinoma -- physiopathology KW - Adenocarcinoma -- chemically induced KW - Thyroid Neoplasms -- physiopathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79077543?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fundamental+and+applied+toxicology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Thyroid+follicular+cell+carcinogenesis.&rft.au=Hill%2C+R+N%3BErdreich%2C+L+S%3BPaynter%2C+O+E%3BRoberts%2C+P+A%3BRosenthal%2C+S+L%3BWilkinson%2C+C+F&rft.aulast=Hill&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1989-05-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=629&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fundamental+and+applied+toxicology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=02720590&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-08-25 N1 - Date created - 1989-08-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tolerance setting process in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. AN - 79070561; 2745386 AB - The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is responsible for setting tolerances for pesticide residues in food, under the authority of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. The residue chemistry data required to set tolerances include metabolism in plants and animals, analytical methods, magnitude of the residue, and concentration in processed foods. A key aspect of tolerance-setting procedures is the identity of the residue in the matrix of concern; without knowledge of the chemical moieties that occur as residues, it is impossible to develop suitable methods or generate meaningful residue data. For new chemicals, EPA carries out a single-laboratory validation of the analytical method needed to generate residue data and to enforce tolerances. Tolerance enforcement methods need to be rapid and inexpensive and to use commercially available equipment and reagents. Methods are more complex for many newer pesticides, which are polar compounds that leave low levels of residue. EPA now requires that the registrants of older pesticides, for which methods are not acceptable by today's standards, must develop better methods. JF - Journal - Association of Official Analytical Chemists AU - Trichilo, C L AU - Schmitt, R D AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Residue Chemistry Branch, Washington, DC 20460. PY - 1989 SP - 536 EP - 538 VL - 72 IS - 3 SN - 0004-5756, 0004-5756 KW - Pesticide Residues KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - Animal Feed -- analysis KW - Meat -- analysis KW - Milk -- analysis KW - Food Contamination UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79070561?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+-+Association+of+Official+Analytical+Chemists&rft.atitle=Tolerance+setting+process+in+the+U.S.+Environmental+Protection+Agency.&rft.au=Trichilo%2C+C+L%3BSchmitt%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Trichilo&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1989-05-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=536&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+-+Association+of+Official+Analytical+Chemists&rft.issn=00045756&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-08-25 N1 - Date created - 1989-08-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development and validation of the spiral Salmonella assay: an automated approach to bacterial mutagenicity testing. AN - 78988013; 2497344 AB - Since its development by Dr. Bruce Ames and his colleagues more than a decade ago, the Salmonella/mammalian microsome mutagenicity assay has become a widely accepted tool to assist in the identification of chemicals with mutagenic and carcinogenic potential. Several automated approaches to Salmonella testing have been proposed in recent years but have failed to gain acceptance in the scientific community due to poor performance or lack of demonstrated usefulness. In this paper we report on an automated system that successfully generates dose-response data and, moreover, reduces the labor, materials, and sample mass required to obtain such information. In the standard plate-incorporation assay, dose-response relationships are defined by testing discrete doses of the test agent on a series of agar plates. In contrast, the spiral Salmonella assay generates dose-response data from a continuous concentration gradient on a single agar plate. Upon analysis, each spiral plate yields a dose-response curve consisting of 13 data points that span a concentration range of about 15:1, which is equivalent to 5 two-fold serial dilutions. The performance of the spiral Salmonella assay was compared to that of the conventional plate-incorporation assay using 13 mutagens and 7 nonmutagens selected from a variety of chemical classes. Concordant qualitative responses were obtained for all compounds tested, and comparable dose-response relationships were generated by all mutagens with the exception of sodium azide and cyclophosphamide, which are highly water-soluble and, thus, are unable to maintain a well-defined concentration gradient on a spiral plate due to rapid diffusion. In general, toxicity was expressed at a lower dose in the spiral assay, and the mutagenic potencies (slopes of the dose-response curves) were greater in the spiral assay relative to the plate-incorporation assay. These differences will be discussed, as will the applicability of the spiral plating technique to routine screening and its relevancy to future mutagenesis testing. JF - Mutation research AU - Houk, V S AU - Schalkowsky, S AU - Claxton, L D AD - Genetic Toxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1989/05// PY - 1989 DA - May 1989 SP - 49 EP - 64 VL - 223 IS - 1 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Anthracenes KW - 0 KW - Fluorenes KW - Methylnitronitrosoguanidine KW - 12H3O2UGSF KW - 2-nitrofluorene KW - 191LL4U4GZ KW - 2-aminofluorene KW - 3A69OS195N KW - 4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide KW - 56-57-5 KW - 2-anthramine KW - 8240818JGU KW - Index Medicus KW - Mutation -- drug effects KW - 4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide -- toxicity KW - Fluorenes -- toxicity KW - Methylnitronitrosoguanidine -- toxicity KW - Biotransformation KW - In Vitro Techniques KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- drug effects KW - Time Factors KW - Image Processing, Computer-Assisted KW - Anthracenes -- toxicity KW - Mutagenicity Tests -- methods KW - Mutagenicity Tests -- instrumentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78988013?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Development+and+validation+of+the+spiral+Salmonella+assay%3A+an+automated+approach+to+bacterial+mutagenicity+testing.&rft.au=Houk%2C+V+S%3BSchalkowsky%2C+S%3BClaxton%2C+L+D&rft.aulast=Houk&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1989-05-01&rft.volume=223&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=49&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-06-14 N1 - Date created - 1989-06-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental Significance of the Potential for mer(Tn21)-Mediated Reduction of Hg(2+) to Hg(0) in Natural Waters AN - 19270825; 8911508 AB - The role of mer(Tn21) in the adaptation of aquatic microbial communities to Hg(2+) was investigated using a DNA probe. Elemental mercury was the sole product of Hg(2+) volatilization by freshwater and saline water microbial communities. Bacterial activity was responsible for biotransformation because most microeucaryotes did not survive the exposure conditions, and removal of larger microbes (> 1 micron) from adapted communities did not significantly (P > 0.01) reduce Hg(2+) volatilization rates. DNA sequences homologous to mer(Tn21) were found in 50% of Hg(2+)-resistant bacterial strains representing two freshwater communities, but in only 12% of strains representing two saline communities (the difference was highly significant; P < 0.001). Thus, mer(Tn21) played a significant role in Hg(2+) resistance among strains isolated from fresh waters, in which microbial activity had a limited role in Hg(2+) volatilization. In saline water environments in which microbially mediated volatilization was the major mechanism of Hg(2+) loss, other bacterial genes coded for this biotransformation. (Author 's abstract) JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AEMIDF Vol. 55, No. 5, p 1196-1202, May 1989. 1 fig, 3 tab, 43 ref. AU - Barkay, T AU - Liebert, C AU - Gillman, M AD - Environmental Protection Agency Gulf Breeze, FL. Gulf Breeze Environmental Research Lab Y1 - 1989/05// PY - 1989 DA - May 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Mercury KW - Bacterial physiology KW - Biotransformation KW - Adaptation KW - Microbiological studies KW - Heavy metals KW - Fate of pollutants KW - Physiological ecology KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19270825?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Environmental+Significance+of+the+Potential+for+mer%28Tn21%29-Mediated+Reduction+of+Hg%282%2B%29+to+Hg%280%29+in+Natural+Waters&rft.au=Barkay%2C+T%3BLiebert%2C+C%3BGillman%2C+M&rft.aulast=Barkay&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1989-05-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of Mutagenic Activity of Chlorinated Aquatic and Commercial Humic Substances AN - 19130296; 9100488 AB - One of the most important objectives of the US EPA research effort on the health effects of drinking water contaminants is to determine if adverse effects result from the presence of disinfection by-products in the finished water. The first attempts to produce samples of disinfection by- products to determine the potential health effects were performed by concentrating organic fractions from representative waters before and after disinfection. The samples were further concentrated by freeze drying to volumes between 0.01 and 0.005 of the original concentration and filtered to remove precipitated salts. Two major problems were encountered with this approach: cost, and that the recovery of the compounds present in the water samples is not easily determined. When it became necessary to conduct long-term studies to address the health effects that may be associated with the by-products of disinfection, a decision was made to use a commercially available humic acid that could be dissolved and treated with disinfectant in the laboratory under reproducible conditions. The major advantages to using these laboratory- chlorinated humic acid solutions for biological testing instead of samples prepared by concentrating drinking water are that: (1) it is much less expensive; (2) chlorinated humic acid solutions can be prepared in sufficiently high concentrations for direct biological testing; (3) source water for any drinking water treatment plant changes constant, so even if the recovery efficiency for the organic compounds were known, this variable can prevent any dose certainty in administering to test organisms; and (4) samples prepared by chlorinating humic acid solutions remain in aqueous solution without a high salt concentration. Ames assay results obtained with the various chlorinated humic substances are essentially the same regardless of their sources. Results obtained with the chlorinated fulvic acid solution are very similar to those observed for concentrates of chlorinated drinking water and to tests on a known chlorine-humic acid by-product, MX. (See also W91-00476) (Lantz-PTT) JF - Water Chlorination: Chemistry, Environmental Impact and Health Effects. Volume 6. Proceedings of the Sixth Conference on Water Chlorination: Environmental Impact and Health Effects, Oak Ridge , Tennessee, May 3-8, 1987. Lewis Publishers, Inc., Chelsea, Michigan. 1989. p 147-158, 2 fig, 5 tab, 17 ref. AU - Kaylor, W AU - Meier, J R AU - Ringhand, H P AU - Kopler, F C AD - Environmental Protection Agency Y1 - 1989/05// PY - 1989 DA - May 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Chlorinated hydrocarbons Chlorination Disinfection Humic KW - substances Mutagens Water pollution effects Water treatment Ames KW - assay Bioassay Comparison studies Humic acids KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19130296?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+Mutagenic+Activity+of+Chlorinated+Aquatic+and+Commercial+Humic+Substances&rft.au=Kaylor%2C+W%3BMeier%2C+J+R%3BRinghand%2C+H+P%3BKopler%2C+F+C&rft.aulast=Kaylor&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1989-05-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Health Effects of Disinfectants and Disinfection By-Products: A Regulatory Perspective AN - 19123759; 9100482 AB - The Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) requires the EPA to specify drinking water contaminants that may have any adverse effect on public health. For each of these contaminants, the EPA must set a maximum contaminant level (MCL). Chlorine is the most widely used disinfectant in the US and does not appear to be acutely toxic. In short-term toxicity studies, the liver and kidney appear to be target organs. Chlorine dioxide has often been used in conjunction with chlorine during drinking water disinfection to control phenolic tastes and odors. It has also proven to be an effective disinfectant with nearly 2.5 times the oxidizing power of chlorine. Chlorine dioxide degrades into chlorite and chlorate. Chloramines are also used as an alternative to chlorine for drinking water disinfection. Human studies were negative for chloramines in volunteers receiving 0.2 mg/L in drinking water for 84 d. The trihalomethanes, consisting of chloroform, bromoform, bromodichloromethane, and dibromochloromethane, are formed from the reaction of chlorine with organic matter in the water during the disinfection process. A number of other substances or treatment practices have been used in drinking water disinfection, including ozone, iodine, bromine, potassium permanganate, silver, ferrate, high pH, ionizing radiation, and ultraviolet light. The available health effects information on these substances is extremely limited. (See also W91-00476) (Lantz-PTT) JF - Water Chlorination: Chemistry, Environmental Impact and Health Effects. Volume 6. Proceedings of the Sixth Conference on Water Chlorination: Environmental Impact and Health Effects, Oak Ridge , Tennessee, May 3-8, 1987. Lewis Publishers, Inc., Chelsea, Michigan. 1989. p 75-86, 56 ref. AU - Ohanian, E V AU - Mullin, C S AU - Orme, J AD - Environmental Protection Agency Y1 - 1989/05// PY - 1989 DA - May 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Chlorination Disinfection Public health Water pollution effects KW - Water treatment Chloramines Chlorine Chlorine compounds Drinking KW - water Toxicity Trihalomethanes KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19123759?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Health+Effects+of+Disinfectants+and+Disinfection+By-Products%3A+A+Regulatory+Perspective&rft.au=Ohanian%2C+E+V%3BMullin%2C+C+S%3BOrme%2C+J&rft.aulast=Ohanian&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1989-05-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Review of Recent Epidemiological Studies Reporting Associations between Drinking Water Disinfection and Cancer AN - 19122728; 9100505 AB - The process of water disinfection creates a variety of potential exposures for the general public. Concern about the health problems created by these exposures has led to a research agenda that attempts to define exactly what these health risks are and the extent to which they might contribute to the overall cancer burden in the population. Analytical case control studies have shown a modest increase in the risk of bladder cancer and colon cancer in populations with relatively long- term exposure to chlorinated drinking water. Attributable fraction estimates indicate approximately 28% of nonsmoking, low risk bladder cancer cases in one study may be attributed to exposure to chlorinated drinking water if the association is known to be a causal one. This figure should be interpreted very cautiously because there is very likely a high degree of error associated with it, such as misclassification of exposure and confounding factors which may be responsible for different findings among epidemiological studies. The issue of whether a causal relationship exists between certain cancers and chlorinated drinking water exposure will not be decided easily and must await the results of several ongoing investigations in this area. (See also W91-00476) (Lantz- PTT) JF - Water Chlorination: Chemistry, Environmental Impact and Health Effects. Volume 6. Proceedings of the Sixth Conference on Water Chlorination: Environmental Impact and Health Effects, Oak Ridge , Tennessee, May 3-8, 1987. Lewis Publishers, Inc., Chelsea, Michigan. 1989. p 361-372, 1 tab, 35 ref. AU - Craun, G F AU - Murphy, P A AD - Environmental Protection Agency Y1 - 1989/05// PY - 1989 DA - May 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Cancer Chlorination Epidemiology Literature review Public health KW - Water pollution effects Water treatment Disinfection Human KW - diseases KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19122728?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Review+of+Recent+Epidemiological+Studies+Reporting+Associations+between+Drinking+Water+Disinfection+and+Cancer&rft.au=Craun%2C+G+F%3BMurphy%2C+P+A&rft.aulast=Craun&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1989-05-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regulatory Effects on the Practice of Drinking Water Treatment AN - 19113243; 9100483 AB - The Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) offers two options for regulating drinking water contaminants. The first is to set technology-based maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) as close to a health-based MCL goal (MCLG) as is feasible. Contaminants for which monitoring is not technically or economically feasible may be regulated by setting treatment technique requirements. The second option involves the treatment of surface waters, and disinfection of all waters through filtration for microbial contaminants, a number of which can not be measured. The primary distinction between an MCL and a treatment technique requirement is the ability to monitor for a particular contaminant. The practice of water treatment will be impacted by the new drinking water standards in several areas: (1) establishing new treatment systems; (2) providing technologies that are cost-effective and simple to operate; (3) increased emphasis on microbiological safety. Agents of concern will include viruses, Giardia, and other protozoans, bacteria and Legionella; and (4) improving microbiological safety while reducing human exposure to disinfectants and their by-products. (See also W91-00476) (Lantz-PTT) JF - Water Chlorination: Chemistry, Environmental Impact and Health Effects. Volume 6. Proceedings of the Sixth Conference on Water Chlorination: Environmental Impact and Health Effects, Oak Ridge , Tennessee, May 3-8, 1987. Lewis Publishers, Inc., Chelsea, Michigan. 1989. p 87-100, 1 tab, 6 ref. AU - Contruvo, JA AU - Clark, S W AD - Environmental Protection Agency Y1 - 1989/05// PY - 1989 DA - May 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Chlorination Disinfection Drinking water Public health KW - Regulations Standards Water treatment Filtration Maximum KW - contaminant level Protozoa Viruses Water quality Water quality KW - control KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution KW - SW 4050:Water law and institutions UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19113243?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Regulatory+Effects+on+the+Practice+of+Drinking+Water+Treatment&rft.au=Contruvo%2C+JA%3BClark%2C+S+W&rft.aulast=Contruvo&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1989-05-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of the Strong Mutagen 3-Chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5- hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone and Its Geometric Isomer E-2-Chloro-3- (dichloromethyl)-4-oxobutenoic Acid in Mutagenic Fractions of Chlorine- Treated Humic Water and in Drinking Waters AN - 19113183; 9100487 AB - Many studies have demonstrated that concentrates of drinking waters exhibit mutagenicity in the Ames test. The practice of water chlorination has been shown to be responsible for the formation of mutagenicity. The mutagenic activity in extracts of chlorine-treated water seemed to be derived quantitatively from the strong Ames mutagen MX. In drinking water extracts, the compound was estimated to account for 20% to 50% of the total TA100 activity. The geometric isomer of MX, E-MX, has been tentatively identified in a mutagenic fraction of chlorine-treated humic water. The compound exhibited at most 10% of the MX mutagenicity. EX-MX was found in extracts of chlorinated humic and drinking waters at approximately the same concentration levels as MX and thus accounted only for marginal proportions of the activity in the extracts. Under the acid conditions, E-MX has the ability to isomerize to MX, but the isomerization rate seems to be too slow to cause any significant increase in the activity of consumed water. Although these results indicate that E- MX is not an important mutagen, the properties of E-MX have to be further evaluated until the compound can be excluded from discussions concerning drinking water mutagens. (See also W91-00476) (Lantz-PTT) JF - Water Chlorination: Chemistry, Environmental Impact and Health Effects. Volume 6. Proceedings of the Sixth Conference on Water Chlorination: Environmental Impact and Health Effects, Oak Ridge , Tennessee, May 3-8, 1987. Lewis Publishers, Inc., Chelsea, Michigan. 1989. p 137-146, 7 fig, 2 tab, 13 ref. AU - Tikkanen, L AU - Holmbom, B AU - Kronberg, L AD - Environmental Protection Agency Y1 - 1989/05// PY - 1989 DA - May 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Chlorination Disinfection Drinking water Organic compounds Water KW - pollution sources Water treatment Ames test Mutagens KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19113183?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Identification+of+the+Strong+Mutagen+3-Chloro-4-%28dichloromethyl%29-5-+hydroxy-2%285H%29-furanone+and+Its+Geometric+Isomer+E-2-Chloro-3-+%28dichloromethyl%29-4-oxobutenoic+Acid+in+Mutagenic+Fractions+of+Chlorine-+Treated+Humic+Water+and+in+Drinking+Waters&rft.au=Tikkanen%2C+L%3BHolmbom%2C+B%3BKronberg%2C+L&rft.aulast=Tikkanen&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1989-05-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Importance of Glutathione in the In Vitro Detoxification of 3-Chloro-4- (dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone, an Important Mutagenic By- Product of Water Chlorination AN - 19111574; 9100489 AB - 3-Chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (MX) was originally isolated and identified in chlorination-stage effluents of wood pulp mills and was estimated to account for 30 to 50% of the mutagenicity of the chlorinated pulp effluent as determined in a Salmonella mutagenicity assay (Ames test). Experiments indicate that MX is a substrate for conjugation with glutathione (GSH) and that this reaction results in its inactivation as a mutagen. At the levels of GSH present in the mammalian liver, it appears likely that any MX reaching the liver would be readily conjugated and excreted, either unchanged via the bile or after further conversion to a mercapturic acid via the urine. Other liver cystolic activities also may play a role in reducing the reactivity of MX. The detoxification of MX by the liver may explain the lack of genotoxic activity for mouse bone marrow in this experiment. Further investigation into possible organ-specific effects seems warranted before any conclusions are drawn about the in vivo genotoxic or carcinogenic potential of MX. (See also W91-00476) (Lantz-PTT) JF - Water Chlorination: Chemistry, Environmental Impact and Health Effects. Volume 6. Proceedings of the Sixth Conference on Water Chlorination: Environmental Impact and Health Effects, Oak Ridge , Tennessee, May 3-8, 1987. Lewis Publishers, Inc., Chelsea, Michigan. 1989. p 159-170, 6 fig, 3 tab, 10 ref. AU - Smallwood, CL AU - Merrick, BA AU - Knohl, R B AU - Meier, J R AD - Environmental Protection Agency Y1 - 1989/05// PY - 1989 DA - May 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Chlorination Fate of pollutants Glutathione In vitro tests Water KW - pollution sources Water treatment Ames test Liver Mammals KW - Mutagens Toxicity KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19111574?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Importance+of+Glutathione+in+the+In+Vitro+Detoxification+of+3-Chloro-4-+%28dichloromethyl%29-5-hydroxy-2%285H%29-furanone%2C+an+Important+Mutagenic+By-+Product+of+Water+Chlorination&rft.au=Smallwood%2C+CL%3BMerrick%2C+BA%3BKnohl%2C+R+B%3BMeier%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Smallwood&rft.aufirst=CL&rft.date=1989-05-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - By-Products of Chlorination at Ten Operating Utilities AN - 19111298; 9100521 AB - Organic by-products of the drinking water disinfection process have been considered a public health issue and a water treatment problem since the 1974 reporting of the formation of chloroform and three other trihalomethanes (THMs) during chlorination. It is now well established that the practice of drinking water chlorination for disinfection purposes produces numerous organic by-products other than THMs. Humic substances occurring naturally in water serve as precursor material for reaction with chlorine to produce a variety of non-THM compound classes, a large percentage of which are halogenated. The results of most available studies on this topic indicate that the number and identity of all possible chlorination by-products have not been determined. Compounds that can be attributed to the chlorination process have been found in one or more of the ten utilities ' finished waters. About one-half of these compounds contain chlorine and many have been identified, but 128 compounds are still of unknown structure. (See also W91-00476) (Lantz-PTT) JF - Water Chlorination: Chemistry, Environmental Impact and Health Effects. Volume 6. Proceedings of the Sixth Conference on Water Chlorination: Environmental Impact and Health Effects, Oak Ridge , Tennessee, May 3-8, 1987. Lewis Publishers, Inc., Chelsea, Michigan. 1989. p 579-604, 4 tab, 33 ref. AU - Seeger AU - Smith, B L AU - Slocum, C J AU - Moore, LA AU - Stevens, A A AD - Environmental Protection Agency Y1 - 1989/05// PY - 1989 DA - May 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Chlorination Drinking water Public health Trihalomethanes Water KW - pollution sources Water treatment Chlorine Chlorine compounds KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19111298?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=By-Products+of+Chlorination+at+Ten+Operating+Utilities&rft.au=Seeger%3BSmith%2C+B+L%3BSlocum%2C+C+J%3BMoore%2C+LA%3BStevens%2C+A+A&rft.aulast=Seeger&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1989-05-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Association Between Chlorinated Drinking Water and Decreased Serum HDLc in Two Monkey Species During Dietary Atherogenic Stress AN - 19109396; 9100498 AB - Chlorine treatment of surface water as practiced in municipal water treatment plants is known to generate halogenic molecules from naturally occurring organics. Some such exogenous by-products of disinfection were shown to be mutagens and suspected carcinogens. The gastrointestinal fate of the highly reactive chlorine species is manifested in the endogenous (intra-alimetary) organifications of chlorine, giving rise to halogenated, and oxidized nutrients. Recently an association was found between water chlorination and increased serum cholesterol in Wisconsin communities. As an adjunct to EPA 's ongoing clinical trial with chlorinated drinking water the hypothesis that subchronic consumption of superchlorinated water (0.17 and 0.84 mmol) influences hyperlipidemia induced in nonhuman primates by the atherogenic diet was tested. Additionally, the effect of hypochlorite (OCl) on serum lipids and lipoproteins was examined in the same monkey colony, in the absence of dietary stress. A hyperlipidemic diet was administered ad libitum and supplemented with fruit rations. Throughout the 0.84-mmol OCl period, water and food consumption were measured daily, and cholesterol and chlorine doses were computed. From the data, ingestion of chlorinated water apparently may have some as yet unknown exacerbating effect on the course of dietary hyperlipidemia. Because a zero chlorine-dose group was not available in this study, the possibility that the interpretation of the data is confounded by stress- induced lipoprotein changes cannot be ruled out. (See also W91-00476) (Lantz-PTT) JF - Water Chlorination: Chemistry, Environmental Impact and Health Effects. Volume 6. Proceedings of the Sixth Conference on Water Chlorination: Environmental Impact and Health Effects, Oak Ridge , Tennessee, May 3-8, 1987. Lewis Publishers, Inc., Chelsea, Michigan. 1989. p 293-299, 3 tab, 18 ref. AU - Cicmanec, J AU - Stober, J AU - Mills, T AU - Jones, L AU - Bercz, J P AD - Environmental Protection Agency Y1 - 1989/05// PY - 1989 DA - May 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Chlorination Disinfection Drinking water Mammals Water pollution KW - effects Hyperlipidemia Mutagens Organic compounds Toxicity KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19109396?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Association+Between+Chlorinated+Drinking+Water+and+Decreased+Serum+HDLc+in+Two+Monkey+Species+During+Dietary+Atherogenic+Stress&rft.au=Cicmanec%2C+J%3BStober%2C+J%3BMills%2C+T%3BJones%2C+L%3BBercz%2C+J+P&rft.aulast=Cicmanec&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1989-05-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occurrence of Atrazine in Groundwater as a Result of Agricultural Use AN - 19095031; 9009444 AB - Atrazine is the most frequently detected herbicide in ground water in most corn and sorghum growing areas of the country. In certain heavy use areas such as those surrounding the Platte river in south central Nebraska (characterized by well drained permeable soils and intensive irrigation in corn production) and Floyd and Mitchell counties in Iowa (where preferential flow of pesticides in karst terrain accounts for a significant amount of the leaching), occurrence or atrazine in groundwater is widespread. The relative presence of atrazine in groundwater compared to other pesticides is a result of its persistence (in aqueous media and in soils), moderate mobility, and perhaps most significantly its widespread use. Except in conditions of very high hydrogeologic vulnerability (permeable soils, less than thirty feet to groundwater, and/or karst terrain), most atrazine concentrations in groundwater associated with normal agricultural use fall in the sub-part per billion range. Some correlations are observed by comparing monitoring data with county-level resolution data on atrazine use and hydrogeologic vulnerability as represented by EPA 's agricultural DRASTIC rating system. However, finer resolution data on hydrogeologic vulnerability before areas in which ground water is impacted as a result of normal agricultural use can be reliably predicted. Future research must concentrate on obtaining reliable data on water well construction, agricultural practices and pesticide use, site hydrogeology and ground water contamination activities. Groundwater monitoring surveys must be planned with attention to the process of selecting wells for sampling and for sampling techniques which insures that the residue data collected represent the population of interest. (Author 's abstract) JF - Pesticides in Terrestrial and Aquatic Environments. Proceedings of a National Research Conference May 11-12, 1989. Virginia Water Resources Research Center, Blacksburg, VA. 1989. p 39-61, 8 fig, 2 tab, 31 ref. AU - Barrett, M R AU - Williams, WM AD - Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC. Office of Pesticide Programs Y1 - 1989/05// PY - 1989 DA - May 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Atrazine KW - Groundwater pollution KW - Herbicides KW - Nonpoint pollution sources KW - Path of pollutants KW - Pesticides KW - Triazine herbicides KW - Water pollution sources KW - Agricultural runoff KW - Environmental effects KW - Iowa KW - Karst KW - Nebraska KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - SW 0840:Groundwater UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19095031?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Occurrence+of+Atrazine+in+Groundwater+as+a+Result+of+Agricultural+Use&rft.au=Barrett%2C+M+R%3BWilliams%2C+WM&rft.aulast=Barrett&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1989-05-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Waste Treatability Tests of Spent Solvent and Other Organic Wastewaters AN - 19072950; 8912299 AB - Some commercial and industrial facilities treat RCRA Resource Conservation and Recovery Act spent solvent wastewaters by steam stripping, carbon adsorption and/or biological processes. Thirteen facilities were visited by EPA 's Office of Research and Development from June 1985 to September 1986, to conduct sampling and analysis episodes and to determine the levels of performance achievable by these and other treatment processes. This paper summarizes the results of five of the tests: two steam strippers, two carbon adsorption systems, and one activated sludge biological system. In general, all three treatment techniques effectively removed specific volatile organic compounds to low residual concentrations. (Author 's abstract) JF - Environmental Progress Vol. 8, No. 2, p 113-119, May 1989. 5 fig, 6 tab, 2 ref. AU - Turner, R J AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab Y1 - 1989/05// PY - 1989 DA - May 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Solvents KW - Wastewater treatment KW - Biological wastewater treatment KW - Industrial wastewater KW - Steam stripping KW - Activated carbon KW - Activated sludge KW - Organic compounds KW - Comparison studies KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19072950?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Waste+Treatability+Tests+of+Spent+Solvent+and+Other+Organic+Wastewaters&rft.au=Turner%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Turner&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1989-05-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Waste Management: A Look to the Future AN - 19052070; 8910693 AB - The past dozen years have seen a special effort to develop effective approaches for the management of both solid and hazardous wastes. Water quality laws have included the Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) of 1976, the Superfund program of 1980, the Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments passed in 1984, and the Water Quality Act of 1987 which amended the Clean Water Act. However, these regulations seem inadequate as we move beyond conventional point source pollution problems and solutions. Environmental protection is more complex because pollution across environmental media will have to be addressed. The EPA needs to focus resources on the worst problems. The new water and waste management responsibilities come at a time when federal resources are constrained. Given this situation and the need to prevent regulatory requirements conflicts, the EPA is compelled to look creatively at pollution problems. Looking to the future, the EPA will better understand and address the cross-media effects of the pollution control actions taken under separate statutes, so that actions taken under one statute don t create a problem under another. There will be an increased focus on the generation and disposal of solid waste, including municipal garbage. It is expected that Congress will adopt some amendments to RCRA which will pertain to solid waste as well as technical revisions addressing hazardous waste. EPA will emphasize the need to reduce the generation of wastes. Its goal for the immediate future is to provide necessary information and technical assistance to industry, states, and the general public to help further waste minimization goals. (Sand-PTT) JF - Journal--Water Pollution Control Federation JWPFA5 Vol. 61, No. 5, p 600-604, May 1989. AU - Porter, J W AD - Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response Y1 - 1989/05// PY - 1989 DA - May 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Waste management KW - Municipal wastes KW - Industrial wastes KW - Environmental policy KW - Legislation KW - Regulations KW - Hazardous materials KW - Pollution control KW - Water quality KW - Future planning KW - Management planning KW - Water pollution sources KW - Water management KW - Environmental protection KW - Interagency cooperation KW - Resource allocation KW - Waste minimization KW - Solid wastes KW - SW 3050:Ultimate disposal of wastes KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19052070?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Waste+Management%3A+A+Look+to+the+Future&rft.au=Porter%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Porter&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1989-05-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Variations in the neurotoxic potency of trimethyltin. AN - 79053304; 2736393 AB - The organometallic compound, trimethyltin (TMT), is used as a selective denervation tool to validate morphological, biochemical and functional approaches to the detection and characterization of neurotoxicity. Variations in nervous system response TMT have been reported and may complicate the use of this compound as a research tool. We examined the contribution of sample-to-sample differences to variations in TMT-induced neurotoxicity. Seven samples of TMT obtained from three commercial sources were evaluated for neurotoxic potency in the rat. Hippocampus weight, histology and assays of the astrocyte protein, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), were used as indices of neurotoxicity. A single administration (8.0 mg/kg, IV) of different samples of TMT resulted in markedly different degrees of neurotoxicity as assessed by hippocampus weight and GFAP assays. Subsequent analysis of each sample for trace metal and speciated organotin content revealed that sample-to-sample differences in neurotoxic potency could be attributed to the presence of several impurities. Indeed, in several samples, sodium was present at levels high enough to affect neurotoxic potency simply by diluting the TMT content. A number of samples also showed contamination with the nonneurotoxic organotin, dimethyltin. The data indicate that different sources of TMT produce quantitatively different degrees of neurotoxicity, differences that may be attributed to sample-to-sample variations in TMT content. JF - Brain research bulletin AU - O'Callaghan, J P AU - Niedzwiecki, D M AU - Means, J C AD - Health Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1989/04// PY - 1989 DA - April 1989 SP - 637 EP - 642 VL - 22 IS - 4 SN - 0361-9230, 0361-9230 KW - Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein KW - 0 KW - Trialkyltin Compounds KW - Trimethyltin Compounds KW - trimethyltin KW - 1631-73-8 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein -- metabolism KW - Male KW - Trimethyltin Compounds -- pharmacokinetics KW - Trialkyltin Compounds -- toxicity KW - Hippocampus -- metabolism KW - Trimethyltin Compounds -- toxicity KW - Hippocampus -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79053304?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brain+research+bulletin&rft.atitle=Variations+in+the+neurotoxic+potency+of+trimethyltin.&rft.au=O%27Callaghan%2C+J+P%3BNiedzwiecki%2C+D+M%3BMeans%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=O%27Callaghan&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1989-04-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=637&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Brain+research+bulletin&rft.issn=03619230&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-08-01 N1 - Date created - 1989-08-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pharmacokinetically based risk assessment of workplace exposure to benzene. AN - 78979267; 2655040 AB - Cancer risk from exposure to benzene for a working lifetime was estimated from data obtained in studies with rodents. Cancers of the Zymbal gland and the blood-forming system were selected as endpoints for the assessment because of their consistent occurrence. The combined metabolites were judged from toxicological data to be the best representative of the reactive agent. Because of similarity in the percentages of lifetime exposed in the rodent studies and in the occupational setting, the amount metabolized/day as a result of exposures 5 days a week for a lifetime was judged to be an appropriate dose paradigm for this assessment. Derived Michaelis-Menton constants were used to convert the doses of combined metabolites from the pharmacokinetic studies to the doses used in the bioassays. Scaling across species was based on allometric relationships. Experimental data were used to scale doses across species with body weight ratios raised to the exponents of 0.74 for the inhalation route and 1.0 for the oral route. The occupational lifetime cancer risk estimated from rodent data was 6 to 14 cases/1000 workers, which is consistent with the 9.5 to 174 leukemia cases/1000 estimated by others from epidemiological data. Implications of these estimates and uncertainties associated with making them are discussed. JF - Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP AU - Beliles, R P AU - Totman, L C AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. Y1 - 1989/04// PY - 1989 DA - April 1989 SP - 186 EP - 195 VL - 9 IS - 2 SN - 0273-2300, 0273-2300 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Benzene KW - J64922108F KW - Index Medicus KW - Risk KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Benzene -- pharmacokinetics KW - Benzene -- toxicity KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78979267?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Regulatory+toxicology+and+pharmacology+%3A+RTP&rft.atitle=Pharmacokinetically+based+risk+assessment+of+workplace+exposure+to+benzene.&rft.au=Beliles%2C+R+P%3BTotman%2C+L+C&rft.aulast=Beliles&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1989-04-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=186&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Regulatory+toxicology+and+pharmacology+%3A+RTP&rft.issn=02732300&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-06-22 N1 - Date created - 1989-06-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Differences in detection of DNA adducts in the 32P-postlabelling assay after either 1-butanol extraction or nuclease P1 treatment. AN - 78970486; 2540901 AB - The use of nuclease P1 treatment and 1-butanol extraction to increase the sensitivity of the 32P-postlabelling assay for DNA adducts have been compared. Although similar results were obtained with the two methods for standard adducts formed with benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide I (BPDE-I), nuclease P1 treatment resulted in a significant reduction in detection of major adducts from 1-amino-6-nitropyrene (1-amino-6-NP), 1-amino-8-nitropyrene (1-amino-8-NP), 2-aminofluorene (2-AF), 2-naphthylamine (2-NA) and 4-aminobiphenyl (4-ABP) modified DNAs, but not following the 32P-postlabelling analysis of 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) modified DNA. These results suggest that, at least initially, both modifications of the 32P-postlabelling assay should be used for the detection of unknown adducts or for adducts derived from nitroaromatics and aromatic amines. JF - Cancer letters AU - Gallagher, J E AU - Jackson, M A AU - George, M H AU - Lewtas, J AU - Robertson, I G AD - Genetic Toxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1989/04// PY - 1989 DA - April 1989 SP - 7 EP - 12 VL - 45 IS - 1 SN - 0304-3835, 0304-3835 KW - Butanols KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens KW - Phosphorus Radioisotopes KW - Adenosine Triphosphate KW - 8L70Q75FXE KW - 1-Butanol KW - 8PJ61P6TS3 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Nucleotidases KW - EC 3.1.3.- KW - Single-Strand Specific DNA and RNA Endonucleases KW - EC 3.1.30.1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Chromatography, Thin Layer -- methods KW - Adenosine Triphosphate -- metabolism KW - Autoradiography -- methods KW - Carcinogens -- metabolism KW - DNA -- metabolism KW - DNA -- analysis KW - Carcinogens -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78970486?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+letters&rft.atitle=Differences+in+detection+of+DNA+adducts+in+the+32P-postlabelling+assay+after+either+1-butanol+extraction+or+nuclease+P1+treatment.&rft.au=Gallagher%2C+J+E%3BJackson%2C+M+A%3BGeorge%2C+M+H%3BLewtas%2C+J%3BRobertson%2C+I+G&rft.aulast=Gallagher&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1989-04-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=7&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+letters&rft.issn=03043835&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-06-14 N1 - Date created - 1989-06-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Unilateral depletion of testicular glutathione levels in the rat following intratesticular injections of diethylmaleate and buthionine sulfoximine. AN - 78923204; 2711398 AB - A method was developed to selectively deplete glutathione (GSH) in a single rat testis. Using intratesticular injections of a mixture of two GSH-depleting agents, diethylmaleate and buthionine sulfoximine, testicular GSH levels were decreased to 33-54% of control 2 hr after injection and remained suppressed for 24 hr. GSH levels in the contralateral testis and liver were not affected by this treatment. Comparisons between GSH-depleted and vehicle-injected (contralateral) testes, evaluated 2 weeks later, showed that although testis and epididymal weights and cauda epididymal sperm reserves were slightly reduced (to greater than or equal to 90% of controls), no changes were seen in testicular spermatid counts or in the morphology or motility of cauda epididymal sperm. An increase in histologically abnormal tubules localized to the injection site occurred in some GSH-depleted testes; however, the proportion of normal tubules containing step 19 spermatids was not affected. Thus, intratesticular injections of GSH-depleting agents selectively lowered GSH levels in the treated testis, with minimal adverse effects. This protocol can now be applied to investigate specific roles of GSH in the testes, particularly with regard to the possible modulation of the effects of testicular toxicants. JF - Toxicology and applied pharmacology AU - Slott, V L AU - Linder, R E AU - Strader, L F AU - Perreault, S D AD - Cellular and Reproductive Toxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1989/04// PY - 1989 DA - April 1989 SP - 369 EP - 373 VL - 98 IS - 2 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - Maleates KW - 0 KW - Methionine Sulfoximine KW - 1982-67-8 KW - Buthionine Sulfoximine KW - 5072-26-4 KW - diethyl maleate KW - AK5N1DQX7U KW - Glutathione KW - GAN16C9B8O KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats, Inbred Strains KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Male KW - Maleates -- pharmacology KW - Testis -- drug effects KW - Testis -- pathology KW - Glutathione -- analysis KW - Glutathione -- physiology KW - Testis -- analysis KW - Methionine Sulfoximine -- pharmacology KW - Methionine Sulfoximine -- analogs & derivatives UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78923204?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Unilateral+depletion+of+testicular+glutathione+levels+in+the+rat+following+intratesticular+injections+of+diethylmaleate+and+buthionine+sulfoximine.&rft.au=Slott%2C+V+L%3BLinder%2C+R+E%3BStrader%2C+L+F%3BPerreault%2C+S+D&rft.aulast=Slott&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1989-04-01&rft.volume=98&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=369&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-06-02 N1 - Date created - 1989-06-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reference to unpublished data in review articles--response to Ashby's comments. AN - 78907302; 2704381 JF - Mutation research AU - Dearfield, K L AU - Abernathy, C O AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pesticide Programs, Washington, DC 20460. Y1 - 1989/04// PY - 1989 DA - April 1989 SP - 307 EP - 310 VL - 222 IS - 4 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Acrylamides KW - 0 KW - Acrylamide KW - 20R035KLCI KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Mutagenicity Tests KW - In Vitro Techniques KW - Review Literature as Topic KW - Acrylamides -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78907302?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Reference+to+unpublished+data+in+review+articles--response+to+Ashby%27s+comments.&rft.au=Dearfield%2C+K+L%3BAbernathy%2C+C+O&rft.aulast=Dearfield&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1989-04-01&rft.volume=222&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=307&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-05-25 N1 - Date created - 1989-05-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nonphotosynthetic Pigmented Bacteria in a Potable Water Treatment and Distribution System AN - 19273701; 8909967 AB - The occurrence of pigmented bacteria in potable water, from raw source water through treatment to distribution water, including dead-end locations, was compared at sample sites in a large municipal water system. Heterotrophic bacteria and differentiate pigmented colonies were enumerated by standard method plate count (SPC), m-SPC, and R2A agars, incubated up to 7 days at 35C. The predominant pigmented bacteria were yellow and orange, with a small incidence of pink organisms at the flowing distribution site. Seasonal variations were seen, with the yellow and orange organisms shifting in dominance. SPC agar was the least productive medium for both heterotroph counts and pigmented bacteria differentiation. At the flowing distribution site, percentages of pigmented bacteria on SPC medium ranged from 2.3 to 9.67 times less than on m-SPC and from 2.3 to 9.86 times less than on R2A. At the same site, seasonal trends in the percentage of pigmented bacteria were the same for m-SPC and R2A media, and the highest and lowest percentages occurred in the fall and winter, respectively. At site 6, there appeared to be an inverse relationship between the yellow and orange pigmented groups, but upon analysis, this did not hold and all correlations between yellow and orange bacteria were positive. Pigmented bacteria could readily be detected by using plate counting media developed for heterotroph enumeration in potable waters with incubation periods of 7 days. Pigmented bacteria can be used an additional marker for monitoring changes in water quality. High numbers of heterotrophs, including pigmented forms , were found at dead-end locations, usually in the absence of free chlorine residual and when the water temperature was >16C. The association of some pigmented bacteria with nosocomial and other infections raises concern that the organisms may have originated from the potable water supply. High levels of pigmented bacteria could pose an increased health risk to immunologically compromised individuals. Therefore, the bacterial quality of the distribution water should be controlled to prevent the development of high concentrations of heterotrophic plate count bacteria, including the pigmented forms. (Author 's abstract) JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AEMIDF Vol. 55, No. 4, p 912-921, April 1989. 5 fig, 8 tab, 46 ref. AU - Reasoner, D J AU - Blannon, J C AU - Geldreich, EE AU - Barnick, J AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH. Drinking Water Research Div Y1 - 1989/04// PY - 1989 DA - Apr 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Bioindicators KW - Water treatment KW - Potable water KW - Municipal water KW - Bacterial analysis KW - Water quality KW - Heterotrophic bacteria KW - Contamination KW - Infection KW - Public health KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19273701?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Nonphotosynthetic+Pigmented+Bacteria+in+a+Potable+Water+Treatment+and+Distribution+System&rft.au=Reasoner%2C+D+J%3BBlannon%2C+J+C%3BGeldreich%2C+EE%3BBarnick%2C+J&rft.aulast=Reasoner&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1989-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In-Situ Stabilization/Solidification of PCB-Contaminated Soil AN - 19129226; 9110239 AB - Under the SITE program, a demonstration has been performed on an in situ stabilization/solidification process utilizing deep-soil-mixing equipment. This was the first field demonstration of an in situ stabilization/solidification process. The demonstration occurred in April 1988 at the site of a General Electric Co. electric service shop in Hialeah, Florida , where the soil contained polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and localized concentrations of volatile organics and heavy metal contaminants. The demonstrated process mixed the contaminated soil in situ with a cementitious proprietary additive, called HWT-20, and water. The technical criteria used to evaluate the effectiveness of the process were contaminant mobility measured by leaching and permeability tests and the potential integrity of solidified soils indicated by measurements of physical and microstructural properties. Performance of the deep-soil-mixing equipment was also evaluated. The process appeared to immobilize PCBs. However, due to the very low PCB concentrations in the leachates, caused in part by the low concentrations of PCBs in the soils, confirmation of PCB immobilization was not possible. Physical properties were satisfactory except for the freeze/thaw weathering tests, where considerable degradation of the test specimens occurred. The microstructural analysis process produced a dense, homogeneous mass with low porosity, which shows a potential for long-term durability. The deep-soil-mixing equipment performed well, with only minor difficulties encountered, which can be easily corrected. The HWT-20 additive was well dispersed into the soil, as evidenced by the relatively uniform change in chemical and physical characteristics of treated versus untreated soils. The estimated remediation cost with operation of the 1-auger machine, used for the demonstration, is $194/ton ($150/cu yd). For larger applications , using, the 4-auger machine, costs would be lower. (Author's abstract) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA. 22161, as PB90-113291. Price codes: A03 in paper copy, A01 in microfiche. Report No. EPA/600/D-89/119, 1989. 10p, 2 tab, 7 ref. AU - Sawyer, S AU - Stinson, M K AD - Risk Reduction Engineering Lab., Environmental Protection Agency , GSA Raritan Depot, Edison, NJ Y1 - 1989/04// PY - 1989 DA - Apr 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Cleanup operations KW - In situ treatment KW - Polychlorinated biphenyls KW - Soil contamination KW - Waste solidification KW - Waste stabilization KW - Costs KW - Florida KW - Leachates KW - Leaching KW - Mixing KW - Organic compounds KW - Permeability KW - Physical treatment KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19129226?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=In-Situ+Stabilization%2FSolidification+of+PCB-Contaminated+Soil&rft.au=Sawyer%2C+S%3BStinson%2C+M+K&rft.aulast=Sawyer&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1989-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Summary of Risk Assessment Methodologies for Municipal Sludge Reuse or Disposal Options AN - 19125486; 9102666 AB - Risk assessment methods have been developed which can be used to calculate criteria for controlling toxic pollutants in municipal wastewater sludges. These methods consist of algorithms, ranging from simple to complex, which allow calculation of exposure and risk from various sludge disposal practices. These calculations may show a need for management practice controls or for numerical limits on specific pollutants. Criteria for land-applied or distributed and marketed sludge may take the form of application rate limits (kg/ha) or concentration limits, calculated to control pollutant levels in the food chain or off- site movement in air or water. Criteria for landfilled sludge are defined in terms of acceptable leachate concentrations, as determined by an appropriate leachate characterization test, to prevent excessive groundwater contamination of vapor emission. Incineration criteria are expressed as limitations on stack emission rates (g/sec), based on predicted air concentrations at ground level. Criteria for sludge which is ocean-disposed at the 106-Mile Site are calculated in terms of sludge concentration and total daily pollutant input to the site, in order to protect marine life and human consumers of seafood. These risk assessment methods were developed in a research environment in order to promote scientific consistency in the regulatory process. (Author 's abstract) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22161, as PB89-218168. Price codes: AO2 in paper copy, AO1 in microfiche. Report No. EPA/600/D-89/016. 1989. 7p, 13 ref. AU - Stara, J F AU - Fradkin, L AU - Bruins, RJF AD - Environmental Protection Agency Y1 - 1989/04// PY - 1989 DA - Apr 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Path of pollutants Risk assessment Sludge disposal Air pollution KW - Food chains Groundwater pollution Landfills Leachates Management KW - practices Municipal wastewater Ocean disposal KW - SW 3050:Ultimate disposal of wastes KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19125486?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Summary+of+Risk+Assessment+Methodologies+for+Municipal+Sludge+Reuse+or+Disposal+Options&rft.au=Stara%2C+J+F%3BFradkin%2C+L%3BBruins%2C+RJF&rft.aulast=Stara&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1989-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Final, Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BDAT) Background Document for K011, K013, and K014 AN - 19117263; 9103018 AB - This background document presents the US EPA 's technical support for selecting and developing the treatment standards for the constituents to be regulated in acrylonitrile wastewaters. Information is included that is relevant to acrylonitrile wastewaters. Section 2 presents waste- specific information: the number and location of facilities affected by the land disposal restrictions, the waste generating process, and waste characterization data. The technologies used to treat the waste (or similar wastes) are discussed in Section 3. All available performance data, including data on which the treatment standards are based, are presented in Section 4. Section 5 explains EPA 's determinations of best demonstrated available technology (BDAT), and Section 6 discusses the selection of constituents to be regulated. The treatment standards are determined in Section 7. The EPA would like to emphasize that it has evaluated all available data in developing the BDAT treatment standards for K011/K013/K014 nonwastewaters. The agency has information indicating that generators of the K013, and K014 listed wastes currently mix them together before treatment and disposal. Consequently, The EPA has developed treatment standards for these wastes as K011/K013/K014 mixed nonwastewaters. The acrylonitrile wastes contain cyanide and BDAT list organic constituents. Rotary kiln incineration was determined to be the BDAT for both the organics and cyanides in the K011/K013/K014 nonwastewaters. Four organic constituents and cyanide in nonwastewater forms of the acrylonitrile wastes are regulated. For BDAT list organics and cyanide, the treatment standards reflect total waste concentration. Testing procedures for all sample analyses performed for the regulated constituents are specifically identified in the appendix. (Lantz-PTT) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22161, as PB89-221477. Price codes: A06 in paper copy, A01 in microfiche. Final Report EPA/530-SW-89-048J, June 1989. 104p, 1 fig, 13 tab, 20 ref, 3 append. AU - Chatman-McEaddy, M AU - April, R AD - Environmental Protection Agency Y1 - 1989/04// PY - 1989 DA - Apr 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Acrylonitriles Best demonstrated available technology Industrial KW - wastewater Standards Wastewater treatment Cyanide Incineration KW - Industrial wastes Organic compounds Regulations KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19117263?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Final%2C+Best+Demonstrated+Available+Technology+%28BDAT%29+Background+Document+for+K011%2C+K013%2C+and+K014&rft.au=Chatman-McEaddy%2C+M%3BApril%2C+R&rft.aulast=Chatman-McEaddy&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1989-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Superfund Record of Decision: M.W. Manufacturing, PA. First Remedial Action AN - 19114406; 9102663 AB - The M.W. Manufacturing site is a former copper recovery facility located in Montour County, Pennsylvania, two miles north of Danville. The Pennsylvania Department of Transportation (PennDOT) maintains a storage area immediately north of the site , and farmlands and wooded lots are adjacent to the site on the west and south. Mauses Creek flows in a southerly direction past the site. Several private residences, motels, gas stations, restaurants, and a Head Start School are located just north of the PennDOT storage area and rely on private groundwater wells for drinking water. M.W. Manufacturing was engaged in secondary copper recovery from scrap wire, using both mechanical and chemical processes. Granular carbon wastes generated by the chemical process were dumped onsite, and spent solvents and acids were allegedly disposed of onsite. In 1972, M.W. Manufacturing filed for bankruptcy and the Philadelphia National Bank acquired the property. Warehouse 81 Inc. acquired the site in 1976, and subsequently formed a limited partnership with Domino Salvage, Inc. to recover wire at the site using mechanical recovery only. The initial remedial investigation revealed several areas posing potential threats to public health: the carbon waste pile, four wire- fluff waste piles, a surface impoundment, buried lagoon and contaminated soils, drums and storage tanks. This remedial action addresses the concerns for direct contact with and migration to groundwater of contaminants from the carbon waste pile. The remaining areas are the subject of a long-term remedial investigation and feasibility study. The primary contaminants of concern affecting the soil are VOCs including PCE and TCE; organics including PCBs; and metals including lead. The selected remedial action for this site includes excavating the carbon waste pile (approximately 875 cu yds of contaminated waste and contaminated underlying soils) and transporting the waste offsite to an incinerator facility and disposing of the ash in an offsite RCRA hazardous waste landfill. The estimated capital cost for this remedial action is $2,061, 000. Since onsite remediation activities are anticipated to require less than one year, there are no operation and maintenance costs. (Author 's abstract) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22161, as PB89-229587/AS. Price codes: AO4 in paper copy, AO1 in microfiche. Report No. EPA/ROD/R03-89/067. March 1989. 51p, 2 fig, 7 tab. Y1 - 1989/04// PY - 1989 DA - Apr 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Cleanup operations Copper Groundwater pollution Industrial KW - wastes Pennsylvania Site remediation Soil contamination KW - Superfund Costs Incineration Lead Remedial measures Solvents KW - Volatile organic compounds KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19114406?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Superfund+Record+of+Decision%3A+M.W.+Manufacturing%2C+PA.+First+Remedial+Action&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1989-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Technologies and Costs for the Removal of Synthetic Organic Chemicals from Potable Water Supplies AN - 19113905; 9103029 AB - EPA is establishing maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) for a number of synthetic organic chemicals (SOCs) which might occur in contaminated water supplies. The purpose of the document is to assist EPA in defining ' best available technology ' BAT technology for removing SOCs from water supplies. The treatment and compliance methods available to a community searching for the most economical and effective means to comply with the proposed SOC MCLs include: modification of existing treatment systems, installation of new systems, and the use of nontreatment alternatives such as regionalization or alternate raw water sources. The major factors that must be considered in selecting a compliance method include: (1) quality and type of water source; (2) degree of SOC contamination; (3) specific compound(s) present in water source; (4) economies of scale and the economic stability of the community being served; and (5) treatment and waste disposal requirements. This document provides an evaluation of the various treatment methods in use today for the removal of different concentrations of SOCs, and their relative costs. These methods include: activated carbon, aeration, reverse osmosis, oxidation, coagulation, sedimentation , and filtration. The various studies reviewed indicate that all 29 studied SOCs (with the exception of epichlorohydrin) to be regulated under Phase II can be removed by GAC. The economy of the process is dependent on the carbon usage rate. Certain volatile organics and chlorinated aromatics have relatively poor adsorbabilities, which result in higher carbon usage rates. (Lantz-PTT) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22161, as PB89-192504. Price codes: A16 in paper copy, A01 in microfiche. March 1989. 356p, 28 fig, 48 tab, 7 append. Y1 - 1989/04// PY - 1989 DA - Apr 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Potable water Synthetic organic compounds Water treatment KW - Activated carbon Economic aspects Organic compounds Water KW - pollution treatment Water quality KW - SW 4030:Cost allocation, cost sharing, pricing KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19113905?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Technologies+and+Costs+for+the+Removal+of+Synthetic+Organic+Chemicals+from+Potable+Water+Supplies&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1989-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BDAT) Background Document for Wastes from the Production of Chlorinated Aliphatic Hydrocarbons F024 AN - 19113552; 9103016 AB - The EPA is regulating 9 organic constituents and 5 dioxins and furans in F024 nonwastewaters and 9 organic constituents, 2 metal constituents, and 5 dioxins and furans in F024 wastewaters. Treatment standards are being reserved for metal constituents in F024 nonwastewaters. Wastewaters for F024 are defined as wastes containing less than 1% (weight basis) total suspended solids and less than 1% total organic carbon (TOC). Wastes not meeting this definition are classified as nonwastewaters and must comply with nonwastewater treatment standards. Recently, analysis of toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) extracts obtained from the stabilization of F024 incinerator ash residues were completed, showing a substantial reduction of metals in TCLP extracts following stabilization. The BDAT treatment standards for dioxin and furan constituents in both F024 nonwastewater and wastewater are set at the analytical detection limit that can be routinely achieved for these constituents, consistent with the dioxins rule promulgated by the EPA. Tables included list specific BDAT treatment standards for F024 and total concentration of organic and metal constituents in F024 wastewaters. (Lantz-PTT) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22161, as PB89-221501. Price codes: A03 in paper copy, A01 in microfiche. Final Report EPA/530-SW-89-048M, May 1989. 122p, 1 fig, 20 tab, 37 ref, 3 append. AU - Vorbach, J AU - Berlow, J R AD - Environmental Protection Agency Y1 - 1989/04// PY - 1989 DA - Apr 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Aliphatic hydrocarbons Best demonstrated available technology KW - Chlorinated hydrocarbons Industrial wastewater Wastewater KW - treatment Dioxins Furans Industrial wastes Metals Organic carbon KW - Organic compounds Standards Suspended solids KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19113552?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Best+Demonstrated+Available+Technology+%28BDAT%29+Background+Document+for+Wastes+from+the+Production+of+Chlorinated+Aliphatic+Hydrocarbons+F024&rft.au=Vorbach%2C+J%3BBerlow%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Vorbach&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1989-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Types and Effects of Microbial Contamination of Groundwater AN - 19112146; 9103577 AB - Water may become a vehicle for the transmission of illness as well as a reservoir for the development of organisms that harbor or transmit illness. The incidence of water-related illnesses in the United States and other developed countries is low compared with most of the rest of the world. Nevertheless, there is a residual occurrence of waterborne disease which can and should be eliminated. A significant number of outbreaks and cases of illness occur because of groundwater contamination. Almost half of the waterborne outbreaks and cases of illness reported in the United States during 1971-85 were caused by the use of contaminated, untreated or inadequately treated groundwater. An analysis of 48 waterborne outbreaks and 54,935 cases of illness caused by source and treatment deficiencies in community water systems during 1946-70 showed that the use of untreated groundwater resulted in a high waterborne illness rate, 84.53 illnesses per million people served per year, or about six times the overall waterborne illness rate of all water systems. This indicates that either the quality of groundwater in many cases is questionable, the source is inadequately protected, the well is inadequately developed, or that the proper treatment is not being provided. If the disinfection of all community groundwater supplies were required and practiced, it is anticipated that the waterborne illness rate in groundwater supplies could be lowered to 22.6 illnesses per million people per year. Placing more emphasis on the operation and maintenance of continuous disinfection should result in an even lower rate, comparable to that observed for treated surface water supplies (4.6 illnesses per million people served per year). (Author 's abstract) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22161, as PB89-222699/AS. Price codes: AO3 in paper copy, AO1 in microfiche. Report No. EPA/600/D-89/067. 1989. 32p, 5 fig, 6 tab, 4 ref. AU - Craun, G F AD - Environmental Protection Agency Y1 - 1989/04// PY - 1989 DA - Apr 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Groundwater pollution Path of pollutants Public health Water KW - pollution sources Disinfection Drinking water Groundwater KW - quality Pathogens KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - SW 0840:Groundwater KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19112146?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Types+and+Effects+of+Microbial+Contamination+of+Groundwater&rft.au=Craun%2C+G+F&rft.aulast=Craun&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1989-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BDAT) Background Document for Wastes from the Production of Dinitrotoluene, Toluenediamine, and Toluene Diisocyanate, K027, K111, K112, K113 , K114, K115, K116, U221, and U223 AN - 19111079; 9103015 AB - The EPA 's treatment standards for toluene constituents are provided in this document, although the EPA is not proposing treatment standards for the newly listed related wastes K111 and K112 at this time. This background document presents waste specific information, the number and locations of facilities affected by the land disposal restrictions for K027, K113-K116, U221 and U223 wastes, the waste generating process, characterization data, and the technologies used to treat the waste or similar wastes. Also explained is the determination of the best demonstrated available technology (BDAT), the selection of constituents to be regulated, and the method used to calculate treatment standards. (Lantz-PTT) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22161, as PB89-221527. Price codes: A06 in paper copy, A01 in microfiche. Final Report EPA/530-SW-89-0480, May 1989. 92p, 2 fig, 12 tab, 29 ref, 3 append. AU - Labiosa, JE AD - Environmental Protection Agency Y1 - 1989/04// PY - 1989 DA - Apr 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Best demonstrated available technology Industrial wastewater KW - Toluenes Waste treatment Wastewater treatment Dinitrotoluene KW - Industrial wastes Organic compounds Regulations Standards KW - Toluenediamine KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19111079?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Best+Demonstrated+Available+Technology+%28BDAT%29+Background+Document+for+Wastes+from+the+Production+of+Dinitrotoluene%2C+Toluenediamine%2C+and+Toluene+Diisocyanate%2C+K027%2C+K111%2C+K112%2C+K113+%2C+K114%2C+K115%2C+K116%2C+U221%2C+and+U223&rft.au=Labiosa%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Labiosa&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=1989-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BDAT) Background Document for Phthalate Wastes AN - 19109744; 9103017 AB - This background document provides the US EPA 's technical support for selecting and developing treatment standards for the constituents to be regulated in phthalate wastes. Sections 2 through 7 present waste- specific information for the K023, K093 , and K094 wastes. Section two presents the number and location of facilities affected by the land disposal restrictions, the waste generating process, and the waste characterization data. Section three presents the technologies used to treat the wastes (or similar wastes). Section 4 presents the available performance data, including data on which the treatment standards are based. Section 5 explains EPA 's determination of BDAT, while section 6 discusses the selection of constituents to be regulated. Treatment standards are determined in section 7. Section 8 presents a discussion of the development of treatment standards for those phthalate wastes designated as U wastes (U028, U069, U088, U102, U107, and U190). Six facilities produce phthalic anhydride. The EPA is proposing to regulate one organic constituent in both nonwastewater and wastewater forms of K023, K093, and K094 wastes. (Lantz-PTT) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22161, as PB89-221451. Price codes: A04 in paper copy, A01 in microfiche. EPA Report EPA/530-SW-89-048H, June 1989. 51 p, 2 fig, 11 tab, 13 ref. AU - Rosengrant, L AU - April, R AD - Environmental Protection Agency Y1 - 1989/04// PY - 1989 DA - Apr 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Best demonstrated available technology Industrial wastes KW - Industrial wastewater Pthalates Standards Wastewater treatment KW - Organic compounds Regulations KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19109744?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Best+Demonstrated+Available+Technology+%28BDAT%29+Background+Document+for+Phthalate+Wastes&rft.au=Rosengrant%2C+L%3BApril%2C+R&rft.aulast=Rosengrant&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1989-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Translating Research into Practice: The Drinking Water Industry AN - 19109293; 9105279 AB - The water supply industry which has traditionally been highly conservative is being forced into rapid and major change by a massive increase in regulatory activity. The industry is currently involved in a regulatory development phase but soon will be forced into a massive implementation effort. Although many innovations are being considered for solving some of these problems, there is relatively little diffusion of new technology into the field. The industry consists of over 200,000 water suppliers most of which are small. Economies of scale dictate that any technological solution adopted will have a high unit cost. In addition, the various groups involved in the decision making process are highly conservative. EPA has a vital interest in information diffusion because it in effect creates the market by writing regulations and then forcing compliance. Although many efforts both in and outside of the EPA have been initiated to accomplish this, these efforts do not seem effective. The theory of information diffusion emphasizes several basic steps that involve making the application of technologies explicit. One mechanism that might assist in this information development process is the development of a Drinking Water Innovative Technology Evaluation program. (Lantz-PTT) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22161, as PB89-218770. Price codes: A03 in paper copy, A01 in microfiche. Report No. EPA/600/D-89/014, 1989. 23 p , 9 fig, 2 tab, 10 ref. AU - Clark, R M AD - Environmental Protection Agency Y1 - 1989/04// PY - 1989 DA - Apr 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Drinking water Research priorities Regulations Water supply KW - Costs Decision making Management planning KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19109293?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Translating+Research+into+Practice%3A+The+Drinking+Water+Industry&rft.au=Clark%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1989-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BDAT): Background Document for K009 and K010 AN - 19108188; 9103028 AB - EPA 's technical support for selecting and developing treatment standards for the only regulated constituent (i.e., chloroform) for K009 and K010 wastes are documented. Section 2 of this document presents waste specific information, the number and location of facilities affected by the land disposal restrictions, manufacturing processes generating the wastes, and waste characterization data. Section 3 discusses the applicable and demonstrated technologies used to treat the waste, and Section 4 summarizes the available performance data, including data on which the treatment standards are based. Section 5 explains EPA 's determination of best demonstrated available technology (BDAT), while Section 6 discusses the selection of the regulated constituent and deletion of some K009 and K010 constituents originally selected in the proposed rule. Determination of the treatment standards is presented in Section 7. The performance standards for chloroform in K009 and K010 nonwastewaters have been established based on a transfer of the chloroform treatment standard established for K009 wastes and are based on the total concentration analysis of the ash residuals for chloroform generated during incineration of K019 waste. The BDAT level of performance standards for K009 and K010 wastewaters are promulgated based on a transfer of treatment performance data from EPA 's Office of Water for wastewaters that are believed to be similar to and/or to contain constituents present in K009 and K010 wastewaters. These data were used to establish the Effluent Limitation Guidelines and Standards for the Organic Chemicals Plastics and Synthetic Fibers Industries. If the concentrations of the regulated constituent, as generated or treated, are lower than or equal to the promulgated BDAT treatment standard, than the wastes are not prohibited from being placed in land disposal units. (Lantz-PTT) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22161, as PB89-221469. Price codes: A04 in paper copy, A01 in microfiche. EPA Report EPA/530-SW-89-048I, June 1989. 83p, 1 fig, 9 tab, 24 ref, 3 append. AU - Labiosa, J AU - April, R AD - Environmental Protection Agency Y1 - 1989/04// PY - 1989 DA - Apr 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Best demonstrated available technology Chloroform Industrial KW - wastewater Regulations Waste treatment Wastewater treatment KW - Water pollution control Land disposal Standards KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19108188?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Best+Demonstrated+Available+Technology+%28BDAT%29%3A+Background+Document+for+K009+and+K010&rft.au=Labiosa%2C+J%3BApril%2C+R&rft.aulast=Labiosa&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1989-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Heterotrophic Plate Count Bacteria in Potable Water Monitoring Methods and Applications AN - 19107569; 9103224 AB - Measurements of bacterial populations in water have been used since the beginning of sanitary bacteriology, and interest in the interpretation of the results has occupied many researchers over the intervening years. The heterotrophic plate count (HPC), formerly known as the standard plate count, is a useful tool for enumerating bacteria in potable water. Methodology considerations in the selection of the HPC procedure to be used include medium (high or low nutrient), incubation time, incubation temperature, and method (pour plate, spread plate, or membrane filter). Applications of HPC monitoring include evaluation of treatment processes, storage and distribution water quality changes, biofilm development, growth of bacteria on construction materials and microbial corrosion. The application of methods to detect viable but nonculturable organisms in drinking water and the assessment of the importance of these organisms to human health are areas which need to be investigated. (Fish-PTT) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161, as PB89-223697. Price codes: A04 in paper copy, A01 in microfiche. Report no. EPA/600/D-89/072, 1989. 61 p, 1 fig, 3 tab, 73 ref. AU - Reasoner, D J AD - Environmental Protection Agency Y1 - 1989/04// PY - 1989 DA - Apr 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Bacterial analysis Drinking water Heterotrophic bacteria KW - Laboratory methods Potable water Water analysis Water quality KW - Biofilms Culturing techniques Public health Water treatment KW - SW 3010:Identification of pollutants KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19107569?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Heterotrophic+Plate+Count+Bacteria+in+Potable+Water+Monitoring+Methods+and+Applications&rft.au=Reasoner%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Reasoner&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1989-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BDAT) Background Document for K043 AN - 19104497; 9103241 AB - In accordance with the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is establishing best demonstrated available technology (BDAT) treatment standards for K043 waste (2,6- dichlorophenol waste from the production of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid by the pesticides industry). Compliance with the BDAT treatment standards is a prerequisite for the placement of the waste in facilities designated as land disposal units. K043 waste contains primarily chlorinated organic compounds, less than 2 percent ash, and no water. The EPA has identified fuel substitution and incineration as applicable technologies for treating the organic constituents in untreated K043 waste. Because K043 waste contains only trace amounts of BDAT list metals, residuals are not expected to contain treatable levels of these metals; therefore, no applicable technologies have been identified. Incineration is the only ' demonstrated, ' 'best, ' and ' available ' technology for K043 waste, and is therefore BDAT. The EPA is regulating 13 of the 21 candidates either detected or believed to be present in K043 waste, including the seven volatile and semivolatile candidates, but is not regulating any metal constituents. Treatment standards for regulated semivolatile constituents range from 0.34 (2 ,6-dichlorophenol) to 7.6 mg/L (2,4,6-trichlorophenol) for nonwastewater, and 0.013 to 0.039 mg/L for the same wastewater constituents. The only volatile constituent is tetrachloroethene with a treatment standard of 1.7 mg/L for nonwastewater, and 0.006 mg/L as a wastewater constituent. (Fish-PTT) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161, as PB89-221493. Price codes: A03 in paper copy, A01 in microfiche. Report no. EPA/530-SW-89-048L, June 1989. 45 p, 12 tab, 13 ref, 2 append. AU - Vorbach, J AU - April, R AD - Environmental Protection Agency Y1 - 1989/04// PY - 1989 DA - Apr 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Administrative regulations Pesticides Waste disposal Waste KW - management Wastewater treatment Water pollution prevention Water KW - quality standards Chlorinated hydrocarbons Incineration Land KW - disposal Waste characteristics Wastewater management KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19104497?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Best+Demonstrated+Available+Technology+%28BDAT%29+Background+Document+for+K043&rft.au=Vorbach%2C+J%3BApril%2C+R&rft.aulast=Vorbach&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1989-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of Performance Limiting Factors (PLFs) at Small Sewage Treatment Plants AN - 19101238; 9103223 AB - The Environmental Protection Agency has long been gathering data on the successes and problems of federally funded wastewater treatment systems. Since 1982, the On-Site Operator Assistance Program, created under Section 104(g) (1) of the Clean Water Act , has been sending technical experts to small POTWs to help operators and managers solve debilitating problems. Since the program 's beginning, the ' 104 ' troubleshooters have compiled operation and maintenance evaluations (OMEs) for the plants they have visited. This wealth of technical information has recently been analyzed to discover what generalized practical advice can be offered about solving operational problems at small POTWs. Analysts examined 150 POTWs selected to be representative of all plants in the database, not just nationally, but within EPA Regions. Some conclusions and recommendations made are: activated sludge may not be a good design choice for many small plants; fixed media or lagoons may be better options. Plant inflexibility undermines operability. Small plants have front-end and back-end problems with process design; grit removal and sludge dewatering and disposal options should be considered. Design engineers and community administrators should agree on realistic loading levels for the facility. Staffing difficulties aggravate poor performance; plant administrators should increase operator status and visibility, seek to attract better staff, and strive to keep good staff. Plant budgets and user charges may be too low. Municipal support is a subtle but vital need. (Fish-PTT) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161, as PB89-193346. Price codes: A03 in paper copy, A01 in microfiche. Report no. OMPC-10-89, April 1989. 20 p, 3 tab. Y1 - 1989/04// PY - 1989 DA - Apr 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Clean Water Act Performance evaluation Wastewater facilities KW - Wastewater management Wastewater treatment Administrative KW - decisions Cost analysis Operating policies Systems engineering KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19101238?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+Performance+Limiting+Factors+%28PLFs%29+at+Small+Sewage+Treatment+Plants&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1989-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BDAT) Background Document for Organophosphorus Wastes AN - 19101196; 9103236 AB - The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is establishing treatment standards based on the best demonstrated available technology (BDAT) for organophosphorus wastes. These wastes are specifically generated in the production of phorates and disulfoton (organic pesticide products). Since the organophosphorus wastes contain organics, the technologies applicable to the untreated listed wastes should include those that destroy or reduce the total amount of various organic compounds in the waste. For wastewaters and nonwastewaters, the EPA has identified incineration as an applicable and demonstrated technology to treat the organophosphorus wastes. However, it seemed impractical to require all wastewater streams to be incinerated; thus, the EPA is promulgating ' Incineration or Carbon Adsorption as a Method of Treatment. ' The residual from nondestructive treatment, i.e., the spent carbon, is still considered to be the same waste code as before treatment, and must be managed as such. It therefore must be incinerated prior to land disposal. (Fish-PTT) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161, as PB89-221444. Price codes: A04 in paper copy, A01 in microfiche. Report no. EPA/530-SW-89-048G, June 1989. 4 fig, 10 tab, 10 ref. Contract no. 68-01-7053. AU - Cunningham, M AU - April, R AD - Environmental Protection Agency Y1 - 1989/04// PY - 1989 DA - Apr 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Administrative regulations Organophosphorus compounds Waste KW - management Waste treatment Wastewater treatment Water quality KW - standards Carbon filters Incineration Land disposal Performance KW - evaluation Pesticides Waste characteristics Wastewater management KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19101196?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Best+Demonstrated+Available+Technology+%28BDAT%29+Background+Document+for+Organophosphorus+Wastes&rft.au=Cunningham%2C+M%3BApril%2C+R&rft.aulast=Cunningham&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1989-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - 1988 Needs Survey Report to Congress: Assessment of Needed Publicly Owned Wastewater Treatment Facilities in the United States AN - 19096358; 9103232 AB - The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has compiled a detailed estimate of the capital costs to build publicly owned municipal wastewater treatment facilities to comply with the requirements of the Clean Water Act. The 1988 Needs Survey focuses on construction grant eligible category of need, rather than the expanded State Revolving Fund eligibilities under the 1987 Amendments to the Clean Water Act. EPA 's needs estimates include those for which a water quality or public health problem could be documented in accordance with specific criteria established in the 1986 Survey. The needs for documented facilities are: $ 83.5 billion to satisfy all categories of need for the design year (2008) population, and $67.9 billion to satisfy all categories of need for the current (1988) population. Compared to previous Surveys, the overall change is small which suggests that grant-eligible needs are beginning to stabilize. A total of 15,591 treatment facilities are operating in 1988, and 17,374 facilities will be in operation when all documented needs are met. Eighty-eight percent of existing treatment facilities currently provide secondary treatment or better. When design year needs are met, nearly all treatment facilities will provide secondary treatment or better. Over 1 ,100 collection systems have combined sewer systems. Of these, 328 have documented needs in the 1988 Survey, totaling $16.4 billion to correct combined sewer overflow problems. (Fish-PTT) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161, as PB89-189633. Price codes: A03 in paper copy, A01 in microfiche. Report no. 430/09-89-001, February 1989. 70 p, 6 fig, 4 tab, 4 append. Contract no. 68-03-3476. Y1 - 1989/04// PY - 1989 DA - Apr 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Capital costs Clean Water Act Economic evaluation Municipal KW - wastewater Wastewater facilities Cost analysis Participating KW - funds Public health Secondary wastewater treatment Sewer systems KW - Water quality KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes KW - SW 4020:Evaluation process UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19096358?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=1988+Needs+Survey+Report+to+Congress%3A+Assessment+of+Needed+Publicly+Owned+Wastewater+Treatment+Facilities+in+the+United+States&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1989-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regulatory Impact Analysis of the Proposed Regulations for Sewage Sludge Use and Disposal AN - 19095861; 9003761 AB - The economic impacts of proposed regulations pertaining to the use and disposal of sewage sludge generated by publicly owned treatment works are evaluated. The analysis also evaluates the impacts associated with three other regulatory options, each reflecting a different set of regulatory requirements and varying levels of stringency. Six conventional sludge use and disposal practices are addressed: (1) landfilling, (2) incineration, (3) ocean disposal, (4) surface disposal, (5) distribution and marketing, and (6) land application. A profile is provided of the wastewater treatment industry, with an analysis of the costs associated with complying with the proposed regulation and the three other regulatory options, as well as a case study analysis to assess the impacts of pretreatment as it pertains to the proposed regulation baseline health risks of sludge use and disposal are summarized and the benefits (expressed as the reduction in health risks) associated with the proposed regulation are estimated. (Author 's abstract) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield VA 22161, as PB89-136634. Price codes: A18 in paper copy, A01 in microfiche. January 18, 1989. 451p, 2 append. AU - Jones, A AU - Knight, L AU - Meyers, D AD - Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC. Economic Analysis Div Y1 - 1989/04// PY - 1989 DA - Apr 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Sludge disposal KW - Sludge utilization KW - Regulations KW - Economic effects KW - Waste disposal KW - Municipal wastewater KW - Landfills KW - Incineration KW - Ocean dumping KW - Land disposal KW - Wastewater treatment KW - Case studies KW - Public health KW - SW 3050:Ultimate disposal of wastes KW - SW 4050:Water law and institutions UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19095861?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Regulatory+Impact+Analysis+of+the+Proposed+Regulations+for+Sewage+Sludge+Use+and+Disposal&rft.au=Jones%2C+A%3BKnight%2C+L%3BMeyers%2C+D&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1989-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Capabilities and Limitations of Approaches to In Situ Ecological Evaluation AN - 19089410; 9108981 AB - Natural populations are influenced by a wide range of natural and anthropogenic stressors. Large population differences are often caused by habitat changes, presence or absence of predators, diseases, and other poorly understood factors. A wide variety of methods are available for gathering data and improving current understanding of ecological systems. However, there are very few examples, especially for waste sites, where this data has been used to draw rigorous ecological conclusions. An ecological assessment is a quantitative evaluation of an adverse change in a population, community or ecosystem at a specific location, such as a waste site. Waste site ecological assessment is still in its formative stages. However, there appear to be no major obstacles preventing it from rapidly developing into a vigorous and useful science. There is no simple or single approach that will be generally applicable, and given the complexity of ecological systems, one must design each assessment carefully using methods appropriate for the questions being asked. There are three general sources of data used for ecological assessment: field surveys, bioassays, and biomarkers. When conducting assessments, it is important to: (1) determine how organisms are responding in the real world; (2) carefully define the assessment endpoints at the outset. This is critical for a useful and scientifically defensible assessment; and (3) be aware that each of the different types of biological and ecological information used for assessments has limitations. (Lantz-PTT) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA. 22161 as PB90-1116625. Price codes: A03 in paper copy, A01 in microfiche. Report No. EPA/600/D-89/165, 1989. 23p, 3 tab, 22 ref. AU - Murphy, T A AU - Kapustka, L AD - Environmental Research Laboratory--Corvallis, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 200 SW 35th Street, Corvallis, Oregon Y1 - 1989/04// PY - 1989 DA - Apr 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Data acquisition KW - Data requirements KW - Ecological effects KW - Network design KW - Site selection KW - Waste disposal KW - Water pollution effects KW - Bioassay KW - Biological studies KW - Environmental effects KW - Field tests KW - Surveys KW - SW 5010:Network design KW - SW 4070:Ecological impact of water development KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19089410?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Capabilities+and+Limitations+of+Approaches+to+In+Situ+Ecological+Evaluation&rft.au=Murphy%2C+T+A%3BKapustka%2C+L&rft.aulast=Murphy&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1989-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Microbial Water Quality Concerns for Water Supply Use AN - 19088532; 9011267 AB - The greatest impact of water pollution on public health comes through drinking water, the source of which may be degraded by point and nonpoint pollution sources including municipal wastewater, stormwater runoff, agricultural drainage and food processing. While water treatment technology can successfully process poor quality source waters containing in excess of 2,000 fecal coliforms/100 ml to produce potable water that meets the accepted drinking water standards, there is serious concern that the barriers to microbial breakthrough in the finished water may prove to be dangerously thin. Any momentary break in the treatment train could allow substantial levels of microorganisms to enter the final product--potable water. The burden of water quality enhancement should be a shared responsibility among all discharges and downstream users of these irreplaceable resources. Much can be accomplished through the application of a multiple barrier approach in wastewater treatment, controlled stormwater releases, and water supply enhancement. Dischargers must seek to minimize pathogen releases, reduce particulate dispersion and diminish organics in effluents. These factors impact heavily on wastewater disinfection effectiveness. Furthermore, with passage downstream to the water intake, these organic residuals may be the precursors of disinfection by-products created during drinking water treatment. Some water supply operations must revise their treatment practices to provide better protection from protozoan cyst passage and enhance the removal of organics before applying disinfection. Disinfection of water supply is critical and will only be consistently effective in a clean processed water. (Lantz-PTT) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield VA. 22161, as PB89-224034. Price codes: A03 in paper copy, A01 in microfiche. Report No. EPA/600/D-89/104, June 2, 1989. 28p, 3 fig, 10 tab, 44 ref. AU - Geldreich, EE AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH. Drinking Water Research Div Y1 - 1989/04// PY - 1989 DA - Apr 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Microbiological studies KW - Potable water KW - Water pollution prevention KW - Water quality control KW - Water supply KW - Coliforms KW - Disinfection KW - Drinking water KW - Wastewater treatment KW - Water pollution sources KW - Water quality management KW - Water treatment KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19088532?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Microbial+Water+Quality+Concerns+for+Water+Supply+Use&rft.au=Geldreich%2C+EE&rft.aulast=Geldreich&rft.aufirst=EE&rft.date=1989-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental Regulation: Its Impact on Infrastructure Decision Making AN - 19088132; 9005167 AB - The enactment of laws and regulations related to drinking water quality, surface water discharge limitations, and wastewater treatment goals has required utilities to maintain, upgrade, or even replace their respective underground services. In sewer systems the problem may be excessive infiltration from shallow groundwater and inflow from sources related to storm water stressing the system capacity, or one of corrosion causing the collapse of the pipe walls. The Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) of 1974 and its Amendments enacted in 11986 will have a major impact on the cost of treating drinking water, design of distribution systems and compliance monitoring. The amendments require the following action over the next three years: regulation of 83 contaminants (with 25 additional contaminants/year thereafter); filtration of all surface water supplies; disinfection of all water supplies; and significant increases in monitoring requirements. Distribution system design has typically focused on maintaining adequate pressure and hydraulic capacity to meet fire flow demands. Given the recent changes in the SDWA, water quality as it reaches the consumer 's tap will become an increasingly important factor in designing new distribution systems or the repair and rehabilitation of portions of a distribution system. The recent Amendments to the Clean Water Act present another set of infrastructure challenges. The move away from outside grants will foster a move toward full-cost recovery pricing which is currently not the general practice. The recent legislation also makes major changes in the regulation of storm water discharges--runoff from streets and municipal, industrial or other property that carries pollutants into surface waters. (Lantz-PTT) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield VA 22161, as PB89-142640. Price codes: A02 in paper copy, A01 in microfiche. Report No. EPA/600/D-88/276, January 1989. 5 p. AU - Goodrich, JA AU - Mayo, F T AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH. Drinking Water Research Div Y1 - 1989/04// PY - 1989 DA - Apr 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Water treatment KW - Water conveyance KW - Sewer systems KW - Wastewater treatment KW - Environmental protection KW - Regulations KW - Decision making KW - Water quality control KW - Clean Water Act KW - Safe Drinking Water Act KW - Legislation KW - Pipelines KW - Economic aspects KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - SW 4050:Water law and institutions UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19088132?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Environmental+Regulation%3A+Its+Impact+on+Infrastructure+Decision+Making&rft.au=Goodrich%2C+JA%3BMayo%2C+F+T&rft.aulast=Goodrich&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1989-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BDAT) Background Document for Cyanide Wastes AN - 19086304; 9103219 AB - The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is promulgating treatment standards based on best demonstrated available technology (BDAT) for cyanide-containing electroplating and metal heat treating wastes and for commercial chemical product wastes. The waste characterization data available to the Agency for the cyanide-containing wastes has been tabulated. To determine BDAT, the EPA examined all available performance data for the demonstrated technologies to determine whether one of these technologies performs significantly better than the others. The technology that performs best on a particular waste or waste subcategory was then evaluated to determine whether it is commercially available and provides ' substantial ' treatment. Constituents selected for regulation must satisfy the following criteria: (1) they must be on or indicators of constituents on the BDAT list of regulated constituents; (2) they must be present in, or suspected of being present in, the untreated waste; and (3) the selected constituents must be easier to treat than any waste constituent from which performance data are transferred. Air oxidation was found to have the best treatment performance for electroplating operations cyanide wastes; list metals may require treatment by chemical precipitation followed by filtration and sludge dewatering. Electrolytic oxidation followed by alkaline chlorination provides appropriate measures for metal heat treating cyanide wastes; list metals wastes from this process are best treated by stabilization. Other miscellaneous wastes of concern can best be treated by ultraviolet-light enhanced ozonation, wet air oxidation, or incineration. (Fish-PTT) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161, as PB89-221485. Price codes: A14 in paper copy, A01 in microfiche. Report no. EPA/530-SW-89-0484, June 1989. 317 p, 10 fig, 63 tab, 73 ref, 3 append. Contract no. 68-01-7053. AU - Chatmon-McEaddy, M AU - April, R AD - Environmental Protection Agency Y1 - 1989/04// PY - 1989 DA - Apr 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Administrative regulations Best available technology Cyanide KW - Industrial wastewater Metal-finishing wastes Waste treatment KW - Water pollution treatment Water quality standards Chemical KW - precipitation Electroplating Filtration Heat treatment Metals KW - Performance evaluation Sludge drying Waste characteristics KW - Wastewater oxidation Wastewater treatment KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19086304?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Best+Demonstrated+Available+Technology+%28BDAT%29+Background+Document+for+Cyanide+Wastes&rft.au=Chatmon-McEaddy%2C+M%3BApril%2C+R&rft.aulast=Chatmon-McEaddy&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1989-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Oil Spill Research and Development Needs for the 1990's AN - 19086003; 9005164 AB - In the 1970 's and the early 1980 's the emphasis of Federally-sponsored oil spill research was on mechanical spill control devices and removal methods such as booms, skimmers, and sorbents, with later efforts also focused on dispersing agents. The preponderance of this work was directed toward oil spills in open ocean and coastal areas. Private research programs and field experience also contributed to the extensive knowledge-base capabilities and limitations of mechanical and chemical oil spill control and cleanup methods. In Fiscal 1988, research and development in prevention and cleanup of oil spills was suspended by the US EPA in favor of other high priority topics. However, recent events have shown that further research is needed on prevention and cleanup methods, especially for inland spills. Innovations developed since the early 1980 's have yet to be evaluated in a controlled setting, even in the open sea. Suggested spill prevention, control and countermeasure (SPCC) research for inland rivers, a three-year program, includes: SPCC failure analysis, models to reduce catastrophic tank failures, models for containment systems, rapid leak detection, update SPCC pipeline guidance, update SPCC inspection manual, update SPCC technical guidance protocol for correcting tank system deficiencies, identify high risk areas, contingency planning techniques, and manual for community spill contingency planning. Suggested spill response research for inland rivers, a three-year program, includes: viscosity modifiers, underflow weirs, effective use of dams/locks, use of dispersants, toxicity/effectiveness of dispersants, water intake protection, river characterization, equipment performance testing, near shore cleanup techniques, alternate containment methods, chemical agency evaluation, cold climate control, alternate contracts, existing technology transfer, new technology transfer , and freshwater guidance manual. (Lantz-PTT) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield VA 22161, as PB89-142665. Price codes: A03 in paper copy, A01 in microfiche. Report No. EPA/600/D-88/278, January 1989. 14p, 2 tab. AU - Farlow, J S AU - Cunningham, J M AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab Y1 - 1989/04// PY - 1989 DA - Apr 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Water pollution treatment KW - Oil spills KW - Research priorities KW - Water pollution prevention KW - Water pollution control KW - Inland waters KW - Technology KW - Handbooks KW - Maintenance KW - Public participation KW - Pipelines KW - Weirs KW - Booms KW - Dispersants KW - Chemical treatment KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19086003?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Oil+Spill+Research+and+Development+Needs+for+the+1990%27s&rft.au=Farlow%2C+J+S%3BCunningham%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Farlow&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1989-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Removal of Uranium from Drinking Water by Conventional Treatment Methods AN - 19085667; 9011273 AB - The US EPA 's drinking water regulations currently do not contain a maximum contaminant level (MCL) for uranium. Presently , the EPA is reviewing the health effects data and depending on the outcome of this review, the MCL could be as low as 10 pCi/L or as high as 40 to 50 pCi/L. Recently, the State of California has proposed a MCL of 20 pCi/L. Uranium occurrence data indicates that a number of water supplies will exceed the MCL even if it is set as high as 50 pCi/L. Treatment to remove the uranium will be one alternative for consideration by the water utilities in noncompliance with the uranium MCL. Conventional treatment technologies have been evaluated on either a laboratory or field-scale level showing that coagulation/filtration, lime softening, anion exchange, and reverse osmosis are capable of removing uranium down to the 1-5 microgm/L range. Although laboratory and pilot plant studies have been conducted to evaluate a variety of treatment methods, few full-scale systems have been built to remove uranium primarily because an uranium regulation has not been formally established. Data from full-scale conventional coagulation/filtration has shown uranium to be effectively removed, but the data is very limited and influent concentrations are generally very low. Several small anion exchange systems have been installed at schools and these systems are performing very effectively. (Lantz-PTT) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield VA. 22161, as PB89-218259. Price codes: A03 in paper copy, A01 in microfiche. Report No. EPA 600/D-89/020, January 1989. 24p, 11 fig, 7 tab, 17 ref. AU - Sorg, T J AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH. Drinking Water Research Div Y1 - 1989/04// PY - 1989 DA - Apr 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Drinking water KW - Uranium KW - Water quality standards KW - Water treatment KW - Coagulation KW - Filtration KW - Ion exchange KW - Lime KW - Pilot plants KW - Reverse osmosis KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19085667?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Removal+of+Uranium+from+Drinking+Water+by+Conventional+Treatment+Methods&rft.au=Sorg%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=Sorg&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1989-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of Preloading on the Scale-Up of GAC Microcolumns AN - 19072254; 8912392 AB - A previously presented microcolumn scale-up procedure is evaluated. Scale-up assumptions that involve equal capacities in microcolumns and field columns are studied in an effort to determine whether preloading activated carbon with a natural water significantly reduces the carbon 's capacity for a target compound. The capacities observed in the column studies are compared with isotherms for distilled-deionized water, groundwater, and groundwater with preloaded carbon. Total organic carbon breakthrough in the field column is presented to explain capacity reductions. A simplified version of a mass transfer model and a more complex model are used to predict the pilot-column results. Water from the Great Miami Aquifer (GMA) in southwestern Ohio was used. For this groundwater, preloading naturally occurring organic material onto granular activated carbon reduced the carbon 's capacity for cis-1 ,2-dichloroethene. This preloading violated an assumption of a previously presented microcolumn scale-up procedure. Preloading of natural waters was therefore found to render incomplete carbon adsorption models that do not account for the possible reduction in capacity. Of the models that do not take preloading into account, the simple constant pattern homogeneous surface diffusion model gives a comparable prediction to the dispersed flow pore surface diffusion model, which incorporates more kinetic terms. (Doria-PTT) JF - Journal of the American Water Works Association JAWWA5 Vol. 81, No. 4, p 141-148, April 1989. 6 fig, 7 tab, 33 ref. AU - Speth, T F AU - Miltner, R J AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH. Drinking Water Research Div Y1 - 1989/04// PY - 1989 DA - Apr 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Activated carbon KW - Water treatment KW - Organic carbon KW - Model studies KW - Isotherms KW - Distilled water KW - Groundwater KW - Aquifers KW - Chlorinated hydrocarbons KW - Adsorption KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19072254?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effect+of+Preloading+on+the+Scale-Up+of+GAC+Microcolumns&rft.au=Speth%2C+T+F%3BMiltner%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Speth&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1989-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Thermal and Water Source Effects upon the Stability of Enteroviruses in Surface Freshwaters AN - 19068091; 8911506 AB - The long-term survival of three human enterovirus serotypes, Coxsackievirus B3, echovirus 7, and poliovirus 1, was examined in samples of surface freshwater collected from five sites of physically different character. These were an artificial lake created by damming a creek, a small groundwater outlet pond, both a large-sized and medium-sized river, and a small suburban creek. Efforts were made to determine whether the rate of viral inactivation observed at the different incubation temperatures was related to characteristics inherent to the water that was collected from the different locations. The characteristics examined included physical and chemical parameters, indigenous bacterial counts, and the amount of bacterial growth that the waters would support (measured as the maximum number of generations which seeded bacteria could undergo after being placed into either pasteurized or sterile-filtered water samples). Analysis of viral inactivation rate versus these characteristics revealed three apparent effectors of viral persistence. These were (1) hardness and conductivity, both of which strongly correlated with one another; (2) turbidity and suspended solids content, both of which strongly correlated with one another; and (3) the number of generations of bacterial growth that a sample was capable of supporting, which also correlated with hardness and conductivity. (Doria-PTT) JF - Canadian Journal of Microbiology CJMIAZ Vol. 35, No. 4, p 474-480, April 1989. 7 tab, 11 ref. AU - Hurst, C J AU - Benton, W H AU - McClellan, KA AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH Y1 - 1989/04// PY - 1989 DA - Apr 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Enteroviruses KW - Survival KW - Temperature effects KW - Path of pollutants KW - Fate of pollutants KW - Aquatic environment KW - Viruses KW - Lakes KW - Artificial lakes KW - Rivers KW - Ponds KW - Groundwater KW - Water temperature KW - Mortality KW - Incubation KW - Bacteria KW - Conductivity KW - Hardness KW - Turbidity KW - Physical properties KW - Chemical properties KW - Suspended solids KW - SW 0850:Lakes KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19068091?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Thermal+and+Water+Source+Effects+upon+the+Stability+of+Enteroviruses+in+Surface+Freshwaters&rft.au=Hurst%2C+C+J%3BBenton%2C+W+H%3BMcClellan%2C+KA&rft.aulast=Hurst&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1989-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Controlling Organics with GAC: A Cost and Performance Analysis AN - 19060387; 8912391 AB - The amendments to the U.S. Safe Drinking Water Act require extensive evaluation of the feasibility of removing organic compounds using granular activated carbon (GAC). To meet deadlines for this technology evaluation, the EPA has combined the use of column studies and adsorption modeling with cost models to make projections for the performance of full-scale GAC systems. A representative list of synthetic organic chemicals was studied, and cost and performance results for GAC treatment are presented in this article. Many of the synthetic organic chemicals examined had predicted bed lives of two years or longer, which is typical of taste and odor control applications. Cost estimates for GAC treatment of these compounds appear to range from about $0.41 to 0.27 to 0.14/1,000 gal of 1-mgd, 10-mgd, and 100-mgd systems, respectively. Determination of a minimum-cost empty bed contact time (EBCT) must be evaluated case by case and depends on factors such as influent concentration, effluent goal, multisolute competition, and effects of other background organic matter on the carbon. However, there may be a range of EBCTs that provides near minimum cost systems. This may allow some flexibility in adsorber design and operation. The cost estimating tools presented here should be useful for preliminary planning. (Doria-PTT) JF - Journal of the American Water Works Association JAWWA5 Vol. 81, No. 4, p 132-140, April 1989. 9 fig, 3 tab, 18 ref. AU - Adams, J Q AU - Clark, R M AU - Miltner, R J AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH. Drinking Water Research Div Y1 - 1989/04// PY - 1989 DA - Apr 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Activated carbon KW - Performance evaluation KW - Cost analysis KW - Water treatment KW - Legislation KW - Organic compounds KW - Legal aspects KW - Economic aspects KW - Adsorption KW - Chlorinated hydrocarbons KW - Pesticides KW - Odor control KW - Taste KW - Costs KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19060387?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Controlling+Organics+with+GAC%3A+A+Cost+and+Performance+Analysis&rft.au=Adams%2C+J+Q%3BClark%2C+R+M%3BMiltner%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Adams&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1989-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Climatology of Temperature and Precipitation Variability in the United States AN - 19053852; 9011350 AB - The seasonal and annual variance and standardized range for temperature, and the seasonal and annual coefficient of variation and normalized standardized range for precipitation, is examined on a climatic division level for the contiguous United States for the period 1885 to 1985. Examination of the temperature variance reveals a continentality phenomenon in which the largest variances occur in the upper midwest section of the country, while the smallest variances are generally found in coastal regions along the west coast, the Gulf coast and the southeastern states. The winter season displays roughly twice the amount of seasonal variance as does spring, and roughly four times that of summer or autumn. Analysis of the standardized temperature range supports the continentality phenomenon; however, the transitional seasons, spring and autumn display the largest amount of within season variability with winter and summer displaying the least amount. Examination of the coefficient of variation for precipitation depicts a propensity for the largest seasonal and annual variation to occur over the southwestern states from Texas to California. Conversely, the smallest coefficient of variations are found over the mid-Atlantic and Great Lakes states. Analysis of the seasonal and annual standardized precipitation range reveals that the pattern mimics the coefficient of variation patterns, but does however, exhibit less of a gradient, resulting in a smoother pattern. Areas of greater than normal seasonal and annual precipitation ranges include the southwestern states from Texas to California, while areas of less than normal ranges include the northeastern and Ohio River Valley states. (Author 's abstract) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield VA 22161, as PB89-165930. Price codes: A03 in paper copy, A01 in microfiche. Report No. EPA/600/3-89/025, March 1989. 47p, 23 fig , 1 tab, 6 ref. AU - Eder, B K AU - Truppi, LE AU - Finkelstein, P L AD - Environmental Protection Agency Research Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure Assessment Lab Y1 - 1989/04// PY - 1989 DA - Apr 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Climatology KW - Data interpretation KW - Precipitation KW - Seasonal variation KW - Temperature KW - Data collections KW - Maps KW - Meteorology KW - Statistical analysis KW - Variation coefficient KW - SW 5080:Evaluation, processing and publication KW - SW 0815:Precipitation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19053852?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Climatology+of+Temperature+and+Precipitation+Variability+in+the+United+States&rft.au=Eder%2C+B+K%3BTruppi%2C+LE%3BFinkelstein%2C+P+L&rft.aulast=Eder&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1989-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Framework for Analysis AN - 19052919; 8910640 AB - A framework for analyzing the EPA Proposed Standards For the Disposal of Sewage Sludge is presented. The new proposed technical sludge regulations establish an initial set of minimum Federal requirements for the final use and disposal of sewage sludge including land application, distribution and marketing, sludge-only landfilling (monofilling), surface disposal (impoundments), and incineration. Although these regulations involved the establishment of a risk-based approach, the proposed regulations raise many scientific, technical and policy issues not addressed in prior federal regulations. Therefore, EPA is conducting a National Sewage Sludge Survey which will provide detailed analysis of sludges and their pollutant contents, gathering data on the movement of certain pollutants into and through the environment, and asking experts from inside and outside the Agency to review the scientific and technical basis of the proposal. EPA is encouraging the active involvement of the public in reviewing the proposed regulations, and a list of contact persons within EPA is provided. Reviewers should balance concern over impacts with concern over the derivation of numerical limits, and provide meaningful comments on the technical validity of the regulations. Areas to be reviewed include: the extent to which pretreatment can result in sludges with lower contents of pollutants, which can in turn serve as a mechanism of compliance with requirements of the regulation; the ability of these risk-based regulations to mesh with the existing best management practice regulations; the reasonableness of the assumptions used in the development of the regulations; and the practicality of obtaining the limits of detection for pollutants requested in the proposed regulation. (White-Reimer-PTT) JF - BioCycle BCYCDK Vol. 30, No. 4, p 71-79, April 1989. 8 tab, 6 ref. AU - Walker, J W AD - Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC. Office of Municipal Pollution Control Y1 - 1989/04// PY - 1989 DA - Apr 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Standards KW - Environmental protection KW - Water pollution control KW - Regulations KW - Sludge disposal KW - Land disposal KW - Incineration KW - National Sewage Sludge Survey KW - Environmental policy KW - Risks KW - Public participation KW - Wastewater analysis KW - SW 3050:Ultimate disposal of wastes KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19052919?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Framework+for+Analysis&rft.au=Walker%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1989-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of Fecal Coliforms in Water by Using (C14)Mannitol AN - 19037835; 8909966 AB - Interest in rapid bacterial detection methods for sanitary indicator bacteria in water prompted a study of the use of (U-C14)mannitol to detect fecal coliforms (FC). A simple method which used m-FC broth, membrane filtration, and two-temperature incubation (35C for 2 h followed by 44.5C for 2.5h) was developed. (U-C14)mannitol was added to the medium, and the temperature was raised to 44.5C after 2 h at 35C. C14-CO2 was collected as C14-BaCO3 and assayed by liquid scintillation spectroscopy. Correlations were examined between FC cell numbers at the start of incubation (standard 24-h FC test) and BaCO3 counts per minute after 4.5 h. Results indicated that FC numbers ranging from 10 to 210,000 cells could be detected in 4.5 h. Within-sample reproducibility at all cell concentrations was good, but sample-to-sample reproducibility was variable. Comparisons between m-FC broth and m-FC broth modified by substituting D-mannitol for lactose indicated that the standard m-FC broth was the better test medium. Results from experiments in which dimethyl sulfoxide was used to increase permeability of FC to (U-C14)mannitol indicated no increase in C14-CO2 production due to dimethyl sulfoxide. Detection of FC by this method may be useful for rapid estimation of FC levels in freshwater recreational areas, for estimating the quality of potable source water, and potentially for emergency testing of potable water suspected of contamination due to distribution line breaks or cross-connections. (Author 's abstract) JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AEMIDF Vol. 55, No. 4, p 907-911, April 1989. 5 fig, 1 tab, 25 ref. AU - Reasoner, D J AU - Geldreich, EE AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH. Drinking Water Research Div Y1 - 1989/04// PY - 1989 DA - Apr 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Bioindicators KW - Bacterial analysis KW - Coliforms KW - Water quality KW - Potable water KW - Recreational water KW - Contamination KW - Carbon radioisotopes KW - Mannitol KW - SW 3010:Identification of pollutants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19037835?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Detection+of+Fecal+Coliforms+in+Water+by+Using+%28C14%29Mannitol&rft.au=Reasoner%2C+D+J%3BGeldreich%2C+EE&rft.aulast=Reasoner&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1989-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antifertility effect of methoxychlor in female rats: dose- and time-dependent blockade of pregnancy. AN - 79423441; 2609343 AB - Long-term exposure to methoxychlor (MXC), an estrogenic pesticide, produces infertility in rats, and short-term exposure blocks the decidual cell response (DCR). To address the short-term effects of MXC on fertility, the differential effects of MXC dosage and timing of administration (relative to implantation) on several gestational parameters were investigated. When MXC was administered during early pregnancy (Days 1-8), a dose-dependent decline in implantations and uterine weight was seen with no effect on ovarian weight or corpora lutea; MXC reduced serum progesterone at all doses. Preimplantation administration of MXC (Days 1-3 of pregnancy) produced a decline in implantations and uterine weight, while postimplantation dosing (Days 4-8 of pregnancy) increased resorptions to 100%, decreased uterine weight, and reduced serum progesterone without affecting the number of implantations, ovarian weight, or number of corpora lutea. The DCR of pseudopregnancy was inhibited by 500 mg/kg/day MXC when administered either pre- or postimplantation, but 200 mg/kg/day was without effect in either regimen. When hormonally primed, long-term ovariectomized rats were exposed to doses of 500 mg/kg/day, MXC blocked the induced DCR seen in controls. The data show that short-term MXC dosing during early pregnancy produces a dose-related infertility. The bloickade of pregnancy by the preimplantation administration of MXC may be mediated by a direct effect on preimplantation uterine development. The fetal resorption seen following postimplantation dosing is considered a manifestation of both reduced serum progesterone and the direct disruption of normal decidual development by MXC. JF - Toxicology and applied pharmacology AU - Cummings, A M AU - Gray, L E AD - Reproductive Toxicology Branch, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1989/03/01/ PY - 1989 DA - 1989 Mar 01 SP - 454 EP - 462 VL - 97 IS - 3 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - Progesterone KW - 4G7DS2Q64Y KW - Methoxychlor KW - RIA79UD69L KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Decidua -- drug effects KW - Uterus -- drug effects KW - Pregnancy KW - Pseudopregnancy KW - Rats KW - Pregnancy Maintenance -- drug effects KW - Progesterone -- blood KW - Time Factors KW - Embryo Implantation -- drug effects KW - Female KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Methoxychlor -- toxicity KW - Fertility -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79423441?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Antifertility+effect+of+methoxychlor+in+female+rats%3A+dose-+and+time-dependent+blockade+of+pregnancy.&rft.au=Cummings%2C+A+M%3BGray%2C+L+E&rft.aulast=Cummings&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1989-03-01&rft.volume=97&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=454&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1990-02-20 N1 - Date created - 1990-02-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of perinatal monosodium glutamate administration on visual evoked potentials of juvenile and adult rats. AN - 79048356; 2733651 AB - Administration of high doses of monosodium glutamate (MSG) to rats during the first postnatal week results in severe losses of retinal ganglion cells and interneurons in the retina. This study was conducted to determine what effect severe retinal damage would have upon the ontogeny of rat flash evoked potentials (FEPs) and the adult pattern reversal evoked potential (PREP). MSG (4 mg/g) or isotonic saline was administered to rat pups daily from postnatal day (PND) 2 until PND 9. FEPs were recorded following 2 stimulation frequencies from unanesthetized, unrestrained MSG treated and control rats on PND 15, PND 22, and PND 60 or older. PREPs were recorded from unanesthetized, restrained rats older than PND 60 from each treatment group. On PND 15, 9 of 12 control animals exhibited responses to light flashes, while only 4 of 13 MSG treated animals did so. All animals from both treatment groups exhibited FEPs on PND 22 and beyond. All FEP peak latencies were significantly increased in MSG treated animals with the magnitude of the effect being greater during development. Peak N1 amplitude was reduced in MSG treated animals by 50% or more at each age. Frequency x treatment interactions were observed on peak P2 and peak N3 latency, and a frequency x age x treatment interaction was observed on peak N3 amplitude. MSG treatment severely impaired the ability to generate PREPS. Only small responses to the pattern reversal stimulus could be detected and the normal PREP peaks could not be identified with confidence. Perinatal MSG treatment results in profound alterations in FEP ontogeny and the generation of PREPs. JF - Neurotoxicology and teratology AU - Rigdon, G C AU - Boyes, W K AU - Dyer, R S AD - United States Environmental Protection Agency, Health Effects Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. PY - 1989 SP - 121 EP - 128 VL - 11 IS - 2 SN - 0892-0362, 0892-0362 KW - Glutamates KW - 0 KW - Sodium Glutamate KW - W81N5U6R6U KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Evoked Potentials -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Photic Stimulation KW - Aging KW - Male KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Maternal-Fetal Exchange KW - Optic Nerve -- pathology KW - Evoked Potentials, Visual -- drug effects KW - Retina -- drug effects KW - Sodium Glutamate -- toxicity KW - Retina -- growth & development KW - Retina -- pathology KW - Optic Nerve -- drug effects KW - Optic Nerve -- growth & development KW - Glutamates -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79048356?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+perinatal+monosodium+glutamate+administration+on+visual+evoked+potentials+of+juvenile+and+adult+rats.&rft.au=Rigdon%2C+G+C%3BBoyes%2C+W+K%3BDyer%2C+R+S&rft.aulast=Rigdon&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1989-03-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=121&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.issn=08920362&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-07-21 N1 - Date created - 1989-07-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Adoption of new guidelines and data requirements for more extensive neurotoxicity testing under FIFRA. AN - 79022715; 2728014 AB - In 1987 the Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI) and others petitioned EPA to, "issue testing methods necessary to fully assess the neurotoxic and neurobehavioral effects of pesticide active and inert ingredients." In response OPP convened a meeting of an expert subpanel on neurotoxicity of the Scientific Advisory Panel to review its proposed response. The petitioners proposed specifically that OPP use the neurotoxicity guidelines developed by EPA's own Office of Toxic Substances. They asserted that the scope of potential neurotoxic hazards is broad and that current guidelines will neither adequately identify nor characterize these effects. A series of expert panels have endorsed the use of more extensive neuropathological evaluations, better clinical examinations, explicit unconditioned and conditioned behavioral testing, testing of prenatally exposed animals for neurological deficits, and development of a means for evaluation of the broad range of potential neurotoxic effects. In response to this petition the following additions to the assessment of pesticides were proposed by OPP and approved by the SAP: expanded functional observation neuropathology, and motor activity into an acute and subchronic screening battery; addition of tests of operant behavior or other tests of sensory or cognitive function as conditional data requirements; and addition of a conditional requirement of postnatal neurofunctional and neuropathological evaluation of offspring. JF - Toxicology and industrial health AU - Sette, W F AD - Office of Pesticide Programs, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460. Y1 - 1989/03// PY - 1989 DA - March 1989 SP - 181 EP - 194 VL - 5 IS - 2 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - Pesticides KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Behavior, Animal -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - Aging KW - Nervous System -- drug effects KW - Pesticides -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79022715?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.atitle=Adoption+of+new+guidelines+and+data+requirements+for+more+extensive+neurotoxicity+testing+under+FIFRA.&rft.au=Sette%2C+W+F&rft.aulast=Sette&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1989-03-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=181&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-06-26 N1 - Date created - 1989-06-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cancer mortality in U.S. counties with hazardous waste sites and ground water pollution. AN - 78929440; 2930248 AB - Since the late 1950s, more than 750 million tons of toxic chemical wastes have been discarded in an estimated 30,000 to 50,000 hazardous waste sites (HWSs). Uncontrolled discarding of chemical wastes creates the potential for risks to human health. Utilizing the National Priorities Listing (NPL) of hazardous waste sites developed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), this study identified 593 waste sites in 339 U.S. counties in 49 states with analytical evidence of contaminated ground drinking water providing a sole source water supply. For each identified county, age-adjusted, site-specific cancer mortality rates for 13 major sites for the decade 1970-1979, for white males and females, were extracted from U.S. Cancer Mortality and Trends 1950-1979. Also, HWS and non-HWS counties that showed excess numbers of deaths were enumerated for each cancer selected. Significant associations (p less than .002) between excess deaths and all HWS counties were shown for cancers of the lung, bladder, esophagus, stomach, large intestine, and rectum for white males; and for cancers of the lung, breast, bladder, stomach, large intestine, and rectum for white females when compared to all non-HWS counties. There were no consistent geographical patterns that suggested a broad distribution of gastrointestinal cancers associated with HWSs throughout the United States, although we did identify a cluster of excess gastrointestinal cancers in counties within states located in EPA Region 3 (Delaware, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Archives of environmental health AU - Griffith, J AU - Duncan, R C AU - Riggan, W B AU - Pellom, A C AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Health Effects Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. PY - 1989 SP - 69 EP - 74 VL - 44 IS - 2 SN - 0003-9896, 0003-9896 KW - Hazardous Waste KW - 0 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Water Supply -- analysis KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Female KW - Occupational Diseases -- mortality KW - Hazardous Waste -- adverse effects KW - Neoplasms -- mortality KW - Water Pollution -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78929440?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+environmental+health&rft.atitle=Cancer+mortality+in+U.S.+counties+with+hazardous+waste+sites+and+ground+water+pollution.&rft.au=Griffith%2C+J%3BDuncan%2C+R+C%3BRiggan%2C+W+B%3BPellom%2C+A+C&rft.aulast=Griffith&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1989-03-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=69&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+environmental+health&rft.issn=00039896&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-05-03 N1 - Date created - 1989-05-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-14 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-19 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - DNA adduct formation, metabolism, and morphological transforming activity of aceanthrylene in C3H10T1/2CL8 cells. AN - 78887705; 2922008 AB - Aceanthrylene (ACE), a cyclopenta-fused polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (CP-PAH) related to anthracene, has been studied for its ability to be metabolized, to form DNA adducts, and to morphologically transform C3H10T1/2CL8 mouse embryo fibroblasts in culture. Although ACE has been previously shown to be a strong mutagen in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA89 and TA100, it did not transform C3H10T1/2 cells (0.4-16 micrograms/ml) under 2 treatment protocols: treatment (for 24 h) 1 day after seeding the cells; treatment (for 24 h) 5 days after seeding the cells. Both protocols are effective in detecting the morphological transforming activity of PAH and CP-PAH and the latter protocol has been shown to be effective in detecting chemicals which are active in the first protocol only with the additional treatment of the cells with a tumor promoter. ACE is metabolized by C3H10T1/2 cells to ACE-1,2-dihydrodiol (the cyclopenta-ring dihydrodiol) at a rate of 450 pmoles ACE-1,2-dihydrodiol formed/h/10(6) cells. ACE-7,8-dihydrodiol and ACE-9,10-dihydrodiol, identified as major Aroclor-1254-induced rat liver microsomal metabolites from their UV, NMR, and mass spectral data, were not identified in incubations of C3H10T1/2 cells with ACE. ACE-DNA adducts in C3H10T1/2 cells were isolated, separated, identified, and quantitated using the 32P-postlabeling method. ACE forms 4 major adducts and each was identified as an ACE-1,2-oxide/2'-deoxyguanosine adduct. The level of adduction was 2.18 pmoles ACE adducts/mg DNA after a 24-h incubation of ACE (16 micrograms/ml) with C3H10T1/2 cells. ACE-DNA adduct persistence and repair were evaluated in C3H10T1/2 cells using a hydroxyurea block after ACE treatment. ACE-DNA adducts were not repaired under the conditions used in the morphological transformation studies. Thus, ACE provides an interesting example of a mutagenic PAH which is metabolized by C3H10T1/2 cells to active intermediates, forms relatively stable and persistent 2'-deoxyguanosine adducts in C3H10T1/2 cells, and yet induces no detectable morphological transforming activity under the experimental conditions used. JF - Mutation research AU - Nesnow, S AU - Ross, J AU - Mohapatra, N AU - Gold, A AU - Sangaiah, R AU - Gupta, R AD - Carcinogenesis and Metabolism Branch, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1989/03// PY - 1989 DA - March 1989 SP - 223 EP - 235 VL - 222 IS - 3 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Anthracenes KW - 0 KW - aceanthrylene KW - 202-03-9 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Fibroblasts -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Microsomes, Liver -- metabolism KW - Microsomes, Liver -- drug effects KW - Mice, Inbred C3H KW - Mice KW - Fibroblasts -- metabolism KW - DNA Repair -- drug effects KW - Cell Line KW - DNA -- metabolism KW - Cell Transformation, Neoplastic -- metabolism KW - Carcinogenicity Tests KW - Cell Transformation, Neoplastic -- drug effects KW - DNA -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78887705?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=DNA+adduct+formation%2C+metabolism%2C+and+morphological+transforming+activity+of+aceanthrylene+in+C3H10T1%2F2CL8+cells.&rft.au=Nesnow%2C+S%3BRoss%2C+J%3BMohapatra%2C+N%3BGold%2C+A%3BSangaiah%2C+R%3BGupta%2C+R&rft.aulast=Nesnow&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1989-03-01&rft.volume=222&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=223&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-04-17 N1 - Date created - 1989-04-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Computerized Laboratory Notebook concept for genetic toxicology experimentation and testing. AN - 78880852; 2922007 AB - We describe a microcomputer system utilizing the Computerized Laboratory Notebook (CLN) concept developed in our laboratory for the purpose of automating the Battery of Leukocyte Tests (BLT). The BLT was designed to evaluate blood specimens for toxic, immunotoxic, and genotoxic effects after in vivo exposure to putative mutagens. A system was developed with the advantages of low cost, limited spatial requirements, ease of use for personnel inexperienced with computers, and applicability to specific testing yet flexibility for experimentation. This system eliminates cumbersome record keeping and repetitive analysis inherent in genetic toxicology bioassays. Statistical analysis of the vast quantity of data produced by the BLT would not be feasible without a central database. Our central database is maintained by an integrated package which we have adapted to develop the CLN. The clonal assay of lymphocyte mutagenesis (CALM) section of the CLN is demonstrated. PC-Slaves expand the microcomputer to multiple workstations so that our computerized notebook can be used next to a hood while other work is done in an office and instrument room simultaneously. Communication with peripheral instruments is an indispensable part of many laboratory operations, and we present a representative program, written to acquire and analyze CALM data, for communicating with both a liquid scintillation counter and an ELISA plate reader. In conclusion we discuss how our computer system could easily be adapted to the needs of other laboratories. JF - Mutation research AU - Strauss, G H AU - Stanford, W L AU - Berkowitz, S J AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1989/03// PY - 1989 DA - March 1989 SP - 171 EP - 189 VL - 222 IS - 3 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Thioguanine KW - FTK8U1GZNX KW - Index Medicus KW - Lymphocyte Activation -- drug effects KW - Software KW - Lymphocytes -- immunology KW - Humans KW - Computer Communication Networks -- methods KW - Automatic Data Processing KW - Leukocytes, Mononuclear -- drug effects KW - Database Management Systems KW - Cell Line KW - Microcomputers KW - Mutagenicity Tests -- methods KW - Mutagenicity Tests -- instrumentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78880852?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=The+Computerized+Laboratory+Notebook+concept+for+genetic+toxicology+experimentation+and+testing.&rft.au=Strauss%2C+G+H%3BStanford%2C+W+L%3BBerkowitz%2C+S+J&rft.aulast=Strauss&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1989-03-01&rft.volume=222&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=171&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-04-17 N1 - Date created - 1989-04-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Minimum Set of Data Elements for Ground Water AN - 19086574; 9103044 AB - The EPA is considering the adoption of a policy which requires the creation and maintenance of a consistent collection of groundwater data based on a minimum set of data elements. The set of data elements was selected by a work group made up of representatives from EPA, other Federal agencies and the States. The set is characterized by elements that are needed to: communicate groundwater data across programs; facilitate accessing data from automated information systems other than one 's own; provide, to the users, a road map for finding other related material; and, provide a link between water quality and well location information. The set consists of 22 elements, including geographic descriptors, well/spring descriptors and sample descriptors. Individual programs can add elements to this base to meet their special program needs. EPA encourages the groundwater community to adopt this minimum set as the collection of a consistent set of data elements will lead to more efficient management and sharing of data across the groundwater community, and ultimately to better decision-making. (See also W91-03032) (Author ' s abstract) JF - Water: Laws and Management. American Water Resources Association , Bethesda, Maryland, 1989. p 3A-5--3A-15, 4 tab, 2 ref. AU - Miller, C AU - Dee, N AU - Zenon, M AD - Environmental Protection Agency Y1 - 1989/03// PY - 1989 DA - Mar 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Data requirements Data storage and retrieval Databases KW - Groundwater resources Information systems Network design Water KW - management Geohydrology Information exchange Springs Wells KW - SW 5010:Network design KW - SW 0840:Groundwater UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19086574?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Minimum+Set+of+Data+Elements+for+Ground+Water&rft.au=Miller%2C+C%3BDee%2C+N%3BZenon%2C+M&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1989-03-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - State and Local Ground-Water Programs Related to Wellhead Protection AN - 19086484; 9103070 AB - Under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA), Section 1428, each State must prepare a Wellhead Protection (WHP) Program and submit it to EPA by June 19, 1989. The purpose of the program is to protect the recharge areas of public water supplies from sources of contamination. Although not a new concept, development and implementation of State and local activities related to Wellhead Protection are now proliferating across the country. Twenty-one states are currently planning to submit a program by the statutory deadline; others have chosen not to for various reasons including a lack of funding. A comparison of WHP activities and groundwater protection legislation (enacted from 1985 to 1987) in states planning to submit a program by the deadline, versus states not planning to submit, shows greater activity and legislation in states planning to submit a program. Wellhead Protection programs as targeted components of a comprehensive groundwater protection strategy can provide the organization and focus necessary to effectively protect public water supplies. Despite a lack of Federal funds, states and regional agencies, along with local communities, are actively attempting to protect public water supply wells from sources of contamination. (See also W91-03032) (Lantz-PTT) JF - Water: Laws and Management. American Water Resources Association , Bethesda, Maryland, 1989. p 8B-3--8B-14, 2 fig, 1 tab, 6 ref. AU - Roy, S P AU - Lew, R M AD - Environmental Protection Agency Y1 - 1989/03// PY - 1989 DA - Mar 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Groundwater pollution Local governments State jurisdiction Water KW - quality control Wellhead protection Groundwater recharge KW - Legislation Public waters Water pollution control Water quality KW - management KW - SW 2040:Groundwater management KW - SW 4050:Water law and institutions UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19086484?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=State+and+Local+Ground-Water+Programs+Related+to+Wellhead+Protection&rft.au=Roy%2C+S+P%3BLew%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=Roy&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1989-03-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interaction of haloacetonitriles with glutathione and glutathione-S-transferase. AN - 78863259; 2917022 JF - Biochemical pharmacology AU - Lin, E L AU - Guion, C W AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Toxicology and Microbiology Division, Cincinnati, OH 45268. Y1 - 1989/02/15/ PY - 1989 DA - 1989 Feb 15 SP - 685 EP - 688 VL - 38 IS - 4 SN - 0006-2952, 0006-2952 KW - Xenobiotics KW - 0 KW - Glutathione Transferase KW - EC 2.5.1.18 KW - Glutathione KW - GAN16C9B8O KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Inactivation, Metabolic KW - Chemistry KW - Chemical Phenomena KW - Structure-Activity Relationship KW - Xenobiotics -- metabolism KW - Glutathione Transferase -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Glutathione -- metabolism KW - Glutathione Transferase -- metabolism KW - Liver -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78863259?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemical+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Interaction+of+haloacetonitriles+with+glutathione+and+glutathione-S-transferase.&rft.au=Lin%2C+E+L%3BGuion%2C+C+W&rft.aulast=Lin&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1989-02-15&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=685&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biochemical+pharmacology&rft.issn=00062952&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-03-22 N1 - Date created - 1989-03-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multidimensional gas chromatographic determination of cotinine as a marker compound for particulate-phase environmental tobacco smoke. AN - 78947363; 2708483 AB - Multidimensional gas chromatographic analysis of air particles for the tobacco alkaloid cotinine is described. The analytical procedure requires little sample preparation. Unambiguous identification of cotinine and nicotine in cigarette smoke and indoor air samples was achieved by precise, reproducible retention times observed with two parallel analytical columns of different polarities and a nitrogen-specific detector. Further investigation of smoking and environmental variables is needed to validate the use of cotinine as a marker compound for environmental tobacco smoke particulate matter. JF - Journal of chromatography AU - Kopczynski, S L AD - Environmental Research Center, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1989/02/03/ PY - 1989 DA - 1989 Feb 03 SP - 253 EP - 260 VL - 463 IS - 2 KW - Pyrrolidinones KW - 0 KW - Smoke KW - Nicotine KW - 6M3C89ZY6R KW - Cotinine KW - K5161X06LL KW - Index Medicus KW - Plants, Toxic KW - Chromatography, Gas -- instrumentation KW - Nicotine -- analysis KW - Tobacco KW - Pyrrolidinones -- analysis KW - Cotinine -- analysis KW - Smoke -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78947363?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+chromatography&rft.atitle=Multidimensional+gas+chromatographic+determination+of+cotinine+as+a+marker+compound+for+particulate-phase+environmental+tobacco+smoke.&rft.au=Kopczynski%2C+S+L&rft.aulast=Kopczynski&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1989-02-03&rft.volume=463&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=253&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+chromatography&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-05-26 N1 - Date created - 1989-05-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Isolation of enterovirus and reovirus from sewage and treated effluents in selected Puerto Rican communities. AN - 78970863; 2541664 AB - Sewage treatment plant effluents were surveyed for viral contributions to gastroenteritis outbreaks in Puerto Rico. Of the 15 sewage treatment plants studied, all discharged their effluents upstream from water treatment plant intakes. No base-line data on the degree of viral challenge to these sewage treatment plants or the subsequent reduction of viruses before discharge existed. Enterovirus counts were generally much higher than those found in the continental United States. At four plants, viruses in the incoming sewage exceeded 100,000 PFU/liter, and one of these, a trickling filter plant, was discharging 24,000 PFU/liter to receiving waters. Virus identification showed that more than 80% of the enterovirus isolates were coxsackievirus B5. These overwhelming viral numbers pointed to defects in the sewage treatment processes. Without reasonable barriers to protect receiving waters, several of the downstream communities were using raw waters that posed extraordinary demands on the ability of their water treatment plants to supply virologically safe drinking water. JF - Applied and environmental microbiology AU - Dahling, D R AU - Safferman, R S AU - Wright, B A AD - Microbiology Research Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268. Y1 - 1989/02// PY - 1989 DA - February 1989 SP - 503 EP - 506 VL - 55 IS - 2 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Sewage KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Puerto Rico KW - Waste Disposal, Fluid KW - Reoviridae -- isolation & purification KW - Water Microbiology KW - Enterovirus -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78970863?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=Isolation+of+enterovirus+and+reovirus+from+sewage+and+treated+effluents+in+selected+Puerto+Rican+communities.&rft.au=Dahling%2C+D+R%3BSafferman%2C+R+S%3BWright%2C+B+A&rft.aulast=Dahling&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1989-02-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=503&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-06-16 N1 - Date created - 1989-06-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Appl Environ Microbiol. 1988 Feb;54(2):371-4 [2833160] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1986 Jun;51(6):1326-31 [3015024] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Overview of a workshop on quantitative models for developmental toxicity risk assessment. AN - 78944696; 2707201 AB - A workshop was held to discuss potential advancements to improve the precision of risk estimates for developmental toxicity. This paper presents an overview of the discussions at the workshop, focusing on the risk assessment process and science policy considerations important in the use of quantitative models. Some of the pertinent biological considerations are reviewed, particularly those related to the repair capacity of the developing organism and how this affects the concept of a threshold for developmental toxicity effects, as well as the maternal and litter influences on developmental toxicity outcomes. Finally, the current status of use of quantitative approaches is described, possible short-term approaches are discussed, and future research needs in this area are outlined. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Kimmel, C A AU - Wellington, D G AU - Farland, W AU - Ross, P AU - Manson, J M AU - Chernoff, N AU - Young, J F AU - Selevan, S G AU - Kaplan, N AU - Chen, C AD - Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460. Y1 - 1989/02// PY - 1989 DA - February 1989 SP - 209 EP - 215 VL - 79 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Maximum Allowable Concentration KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Chromosome Aberrations KW - Neoplasms -- prevention & control KW - Abnormalities, Drug-Induced -- prevention & control KW - Female KW - DNA Repair -- drug effects KW - Pregnancy KW - Environmental Pollution -- prevention & control KW - Environmental Pollutants -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78944696?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Overview+of+a+workshop+on+quantitative+models+for+developmental+toxicity+risk+assessment.&rft.au=Kimmel%2C+C+A%3BWellington%2C+D+G%3BFarland%2C+W%3BRoss%2C+P%3BManson%2C+J+M%3BChernoff%2C+N%3BYoung%2C+J+F%3BSelevan%2C+S+G%3BKaplan%2C+N%3BChen%2C+C&rft.aulast=Kimmel&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1989-02-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=&rft.spage=209&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-05-26 N1 - Date created - 1989-05-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hexachlorobenzene-induced hyperparathyroidism and osteosclerosis in rats. AN - 78937261; 2714525 AB - Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) exposure has been shown to alter the normal concentrations of parathyroid hormone and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in rats and to result in osteoporosis in humans. Experiments were undertaken to investigate the effects of HCB on the homeostatic mechanism of calcium metabolism and to determine its effect on bone in rats. Fischer 344 rats were dosed 5 days/week for 5, 10, or 15 weeks with 0, 0.1, 10.0, or 25.0 mg HCB/kg body wt. Body weight was not affected by any of the exposure conditions. Liver weight was significantly elevated above control values at the two higher dose levels at all three time periods. Kidney weight and kidney-to-body weight ratio were significantly elevated at the highest dose level after 10 weeks and at the two higher dose levels after 15 weeks of exposure. Serum alkaline phosphatase was significantly decreased at the two higher dose levels after both 10 and 15 weeks of exposure. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 was measured in the 5-week exposure group only and was significantly elevated in the three higher dose levels. After 5 and 15 weeks of HCB exposure, parathyroid hormone concentration was significantly elevated at the two higher dose levels at both time periods. Wet femur density was significantly increased at the two higher dose levels of HCB after 10 weeks of exposure and the three higher dose levels after 15 weeks of exposure. Dry femur density was also increased in the cases where wet femur density was increased. However, femur weight was not affected at any dose level. The results from this study indicate that HCB induces hyperparathyroidism in rats, as demonstrated by increased serum parathyroid hormone levels and osteosclerosis of the femur.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Fundamental and applied toxicology : official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Andrews, J E AU - Courtney, K D AU - Stead, A G AU - Donaldson, W E AD - Toxicology Branch, Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1989/02// PY - 1989 DA - February 1989 SP - 242 EP - 251 VL - 12 IS - 2 SN - 0272-0590, 0272-0590 KW - Chlorobenzenes KW - 0 KW - Hormones KW - Porphyrins KW - Phosphorus KW - 27YLU75U4W KW - Hexachlorobenzene KW - 4Z87H0LKUY KW - Calcitriol KW - FXC9231JVH KW - Calcium KW - SY7Q814VUP KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Phosphorus -- urine KW - Hormones -- blood KW - Kidney -- drug effects KW - Calcitriol -- blood KW - Calcium -- metabolism KW - Rats KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Porphyrins -- metabolism KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Time Factors KW - Femur -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Chlorobenzenes -- toxicity KW - Osteosclerosis -- chemically induced KW - Hyperparathyroidism -- chemically induced KW - Hexachlorobenzene -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78937261?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fundamental+and+applied+toxicology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Hexachlorobenzene-induced+hyperparathyroidism+and+osteosclerosis+in+rats.&rft.au=Andrews%2C+J+E%3BCourtney%2C+K+D%3BStead%2C+A+G%3BDonaldson%2C+W+E&rft.aulast=Andrews&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1989-02-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=242&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fundamental+and+applied+toxicology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=02720590&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-06-22 N1 - Date created - 1989-06-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Differing hepatotoxicity and lethality after subacute trichloroethylene exposure in aqueous or corn oil gavage vehicles in B6C3F1 mice. AN - 78920654; 2926094 AB - Subacute toxicity of trichloroethylene (TCE) was evaluated in male and female B6C3F1 mice using corn oil or aqueous gavage vehicles. Mice received oral doses of TCE five times a week for 4 weeks at 600, 1200 and 2400 mg/kg/day for males and 450, 900 and 1800 mg/kg/day for females. Vehicle control mice were dosed with either corn oil or a 20% aqueous solution of Emulphor. A dose-related increase in lethality occurred in male and female mice receiving TCE in Emulphor but not corn oil during the first week of treatment. Lethality was consistent with central nervous system depressant effects of TCE. After 4 weeks of exposure, body weights were not altered by TCE but liver/body weight ratios were uniformly increased by TCE administered in either vehicle in both sexes. Only male mice treated with TCE in corn oil, however, sustained elevations in serum enzyme levels, accompanied by liver histopathology. TCE in corn oil produced inflammation-associated focal necrosis in 30-40% of the male mice, with increasing severity from low to high dose. Lipid accumulation, as indicated by Oil-Red O staining, was most prevalent in male mice treated with TCE in corn oil but also occurred to a lesser degree in animals receiving either gavage vehicle alone. This study indicates that the type of oral gavage vehicle is an important factor in determining the nature of TCE toxicity. JF - Journal of applied toxicology : JAT AU - Merrick, B A AU - Robinson, M AU - Condie, L W AD - Toxicology and Microbiology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH 45268. Y1 - 1989/02// PY - 1989 DA - February 1989 SP - 15 EP - 21 VL - 9 IS - 1 SN - 0260-437X, 0260-437X KW - Pharmaceutical Vehicles KW - 0 KW - Trichloroethylene KW - 290YE8AR51 KW - Corn Oil KW - 8001-30-7 KW - Index Medicus KW - Administration, Oral KW - Animals KW - Necrosis KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Mice KW - Male KW - Female KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Liver -- pathology KW - Trichloroethylene -- administration & dosage KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Trichloroethylene -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78920654?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+applied+toxicology+%3A+JAT&rft.atitle=Differing+hepatotoxicity+and+lethality+after+subacute+trichloroethylene+exposure+in+aqueous+or+corn+oil+gavage+vehicles+in+B6C3F1+mice.&rft.au=Merrick%2C+B+A%3BRobinson%2C+M%3BCondie%2C+L+W&rft.aulast=Merrick&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1989-02-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=15&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+applied+toxicology+%3A+JAT&rft.issn=0260437X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-04-24 N1 - Date created - 1989-04-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Review, discussion, and summary: toxicology. AN - 78920442; 2707198 AB - The research presented in the toxicology session of the Symposium on the Health Effects of Acid Aerosols significantly advances our understanding of the health effects of acid aerosols and clearly illustrates the importance of animal inhalation toxicology to risk assessment. The description of the effects of acid on airway mucus buffering capacity and viscosity helps explain some of the mechanisms responsible for the effects of sulfuric acid on mucociliary clearance and pulmonary function observed in man and animals. Several of the papers illustrate that other pollutants interact with sulfuric acid (H2SO4), causing concern about exposure risks and helping in elucidating the effects observed in epidemiology studies that have not yet been duplicated in a laboratory. For example, H2SO4 absorbed in zinc oxide (ZnO) particles appears to be about a log more potent than H2SO4 alone in causing pulmonary function decrements. Low levels of H2SO4 and O3 were found to be synergistic in increasing collagen synthesis, implying a risk in development of lung fibrosis. More complex mixtures containing H2SO4 cause a variety of interactions, depending upon the end points examined and the chemistry of the mixture. Other reports indicate that dose rate and length of exposure issues are critical to toxicological outcomes. Animal data on mucociliary clearance, which parallels that of human data, was extended to show that concentration of exposure was more important than time of exposure in eliciting a response, although time played a significant role. A recent chronic study showed that H2SO4 caused effects that also can occur in the development of chronic bronchitis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Graham, J A AD - Health Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1989/02// PY - 1989 DA - February 1989 SP - 191 EP - 194 VL - 79 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Acid Rain KW - 0 KW - Aerosols KW - Air Pollutants KW - Sulfuric Acids KW - Ozone KW - 66H7ZZK23N KW - sulfuric acid KW - O40UQP6WCF KW - Nitrogen Dioxide KW - S7G510RUBH KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Airway Resistance -- drug effects KW - Nitrogen Dioxide -- toxicity KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Mucociliary Clearance -- drug effects KW - Sulfuric Acids -- toxicity KW - Ozone -- toxicity KW - Lung -- drug effects KW - Air Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Acid Rain -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78920442?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Review%2C+discussion%2C+and+summary%3A+toxicology.&rft.au=Graham%2C+J+A&rft.aulast=Graham&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1989-02-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=&rft.spage=191&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-05-26 N1 - Date created - 1989-05-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Arch Intern Med. 1973 Jan;131(1):115-27 [4682058] Arch Environ Health. 1975 May;30(5):254-62 [1130840] J Environ Pathol Toxicol. 1979 Jul-Aug;2(6):1351-67 [528846] Am Ind Hyg Assoc J. 1981 Apr;42(4):273-82 [7234686] J Toxicol Environ Health. 1983 Aug-Sep;12(2-3):441-65 [6655745] Am Ind Hyg Assoc J. 1984 May;45(5):285-92 [6741776] Environ Health Perspect. 1989 Feb;79:167-72 [2707196] Environ Health Perspect. 1989 Feb;79:115-9 [2707190] Environ Health Perspect. 1989 Feb;79:121-6 [2707191] Environ Health Perspect. 1989 Feb;79:127-36 [2707192] Environ Health Perspect. 1989 Feb;79:137-45 [2707193] Environ Health Perspect. 1989 Feb;79:147-50 [2707194] Environ Health Perspect. 1989 Feb;79:109-13 [2651102] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modulation of neurotoxic esterase activity in vitro by phospholipids. AN - 78907918; 2922759 AB - Neurotoxic esterase (NTE), the proposed molecular site for the initiation of organophosphorus-induced delayed neuropathy, is a membrane-associated enzyme. NTE activity was solubilized from chicken brain microsomal membranes with the detergent 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1- propanesulfonate and partially separated from other solubilized hen brain esterases by DEAE-Sephacel anion-exchange chromatography using stepwise increases in salt concentration; however, there was poor recovery of NTE activity and only a slight increase in NTE specific activity. NTE activity in the "high salt" fraction (i.e., the NTE-enriched fraction) was markedly activated by a heat-stable factor(s) present in other fractions eluted from the column. This activating factor was extracted with organic solvents, suggesting that it may be lipid. In a related study, purified phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylserine were also found to activate the partially separated NTE activity in a concentration-dependent manner while phosphatidyl-inositol was found to inhibit the same partially separated NTE fraction in a concentration-dependent manner. The results suggest that lipids may modulate NTE activity and that the loss of lipid cofactors during chromatographic separations may underlie some of the difficulties encountered in isolation of active NTE. JF - Toxicology and applied pharmacology AU - Pope, C N AU - Padilla, S AD - Neurotoxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1989/02// PY - 1989 DA - February 1989 SP - 272 EP - 278 VL - 97 IS - 2 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - Phospholipids KW - 0 KW - Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases KW - EC 3.1.1.- KW - neurotoxic esterase KW - Index Medicus KW - Hot Temperature KW - Animals KW - Chickens KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Chromatography, Ion Exchange KW - Female KW - Phospholipids -- pharmacology KW - Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78907918?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Modulation+of+neurotoxic+esterase+activity+in+vitro+by+phospholipids.&rft.au=Pope%2C+C+N%3BPadilla%2C+S&rft.aulast=Pope&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1989-02-01&rft.volume=97&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=272&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-04-07 N1 - Date created - 1989-04-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A genotoxic assessment of environmental tobacco smoke using bacterial bioassays. AN - 78865521; 2645519 AB - Recently, the National Research Council in the U.S.A. stated that laboratory studies of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) should be important in identifying ETS carcinogens, their concentrations in typical daily environments, and in understanding how these compounds contribute to ETS dose-response relationships. This paper demonstrates that integrated chemical and bacterial mutagenicity information can be used to identify ETS genotoxicants, monitor human exposure, and make comparative assessments. Approximately 1/3 of the ETS constituents for which there is quantitative analytical chemistry information also have associated genotoxicity information. For example, 11 of the quantitated compounds are animal carcinogens. Work presented in this paper demonstrates that both the nonparticle-bound semivolatile and the particulate-bound organic material contain bacterial mutagens. These ETS organics give an equivalent of approximately 86,000 revertants per cigarette. In addition, this article summarized efforts to estimate ETS bacterial mutagenicity, to use bacterial tests for the monitoring of ETS-impacted indoor environments, and to use bacterial assays for the direct monitoring of human exposure. JF - Mutation research AU - Claxton, L D AU - Morin, R S AU - Hughes, T J AU - Lewtas, J AD - Genetic Toxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1989/02// PY - 1989 DA - February 1989 SP - 81 EP - 99 VL - 222 IS - 2 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Mutagens KW - 0 KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution KW - Index Medicus KW - Microbial Sensitivity Tests KW - Mutagens -- analysis KW - Mutagens -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78865521?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=A+genotoxic+assessment+of+environmental+tobacco+smoke+using+bacterial+bioassays.&rft.au=Claxton%2C+L+D%3BMorin%2C+R+S%3BHughes%2C+T+J%3BLewtas%2C+J&rft.aulast=Claxton&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1989-02-01&rft.volume=222&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=81&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-03-27 N1 - Date created - 1989-03-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ozone-induced inflammation in the lower airways of human subjects. AN - 78841324; 2913889 AB - Although ozone (O3) has been shown to induce inflammation in the lungs of animals, very little is known about its inflammatory effects on humans. In this study, 11 healthy nonsmoking men, 18 to 35 yr of age (mean, 25.4 +/- 3.5), were exposed once to 0.4 ppm O3 and once to filtered air for 2 h with intermittent exercise. Eighteen hours later, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed and the cells and fluid were analyzed for various indicators of inflammation. There was an 8.2-fold increase in the percentage of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) in the total cell population, and a small but significant decrease in the percentage of macrophages after exposure to O3. Immunoreactive neutrophil elastase often associated with inflammation and lung damage increased by 3.8-fold in the fluid while its activity increased 20.6-fold in the lavaged cells. A 2-fold increase in the levels of protein, albumin, and IgG suggested increased vascular permeability of the lung. Several biochemical markers that could act as chemotactic or regulatory factors in an inflammatory response were examined in the BAL fluid (BALF). The level of complement fragment C3 alpha was increased by 1.7-fold. The chemotactic leukotriene B4 was unchanged while prostaglandin E2 increased 2-fold. In contrast, three enzyme systems of phagocytes with potentially damaging effects on tissues and microbes, namely, NADPH-oxidase and the lysosomal enzymes acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase, were increased neither in the lavaged fluid nor cells. In addition, the amounts of fibrogenic-related molecules were assessed in BALF.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - The American review of respiratory disease AU - Koren, H S AU - Devlin, R B AU - Graham, D E AU - Mann, R AU - McGee, M P AU - Horstman, D H AU - Kozumbo, W J AU - Becker, S AU - House, D E AU - McDonnell, W F AD - Inhalation Toxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1989/02// PY - 1989 DA - February 1989 SP - 407 EP - 415 VL - 139 IS - 2 SN - 0003-0805, 0003-0805 KW - Biomarkers KW - 0 KW - Ozone KW - 66H7ZZK23N KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Acute Disease KW - Humans KW - Lung -- immunology KW - Bronchoscopy KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid -- analysis KW - Biomarkers -- analysis KW - Adult KW - Lung -- drug effects KW - Lung -- enzymology KW - Adolescent KW - Time Factors KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid -- cytology KW - Male KW - Pneumonia -- chemically induced KW - Pneumonia -- diagnosis KW - Pneumonia -- physiopathology KW - Ozone -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78841324?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+review+of+respiratory+disease&rft.atitle=Ozone-induced+inflammation+in+the+lower+airways+of+human+subjects.&rft.au=Koren%2C+H+S%3BDevlin%2C+R+B%3BGraham%2C+D+E%3BMann%2C+R%3BMcGee%2C+M+P%3BHorstman%2C+D+H%3BKozumbo%2C+W+J%3BBecker%2C+S%3BHouse%2C+D+E%3BMcDonnell%2C+W+F&rft.aulast=Koren&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1989-02-01&rft.volume=139&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=407&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+American+review+of+respiratory+disease&rft.issn=00030805&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-03-09 N1 - Date created - 1989-03-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Preservational potential of transgressive barrier island sediments, eastern shore of Virginia AN - 50831708; 1989-031893 JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Finkelstein, Kenneth AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1989/02// PY - 1989 DA - February 1989 SP - 14 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 21 IS - 2 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - United States KW - geophysical surveys KW - barrier beaches KW - cores KW - Cenozoic KW - transgression KW - dates KW - sediments KW - Delmarva Peninsula KW - Atlantic Coastal Plain KW - stratigraphy KW - sand KW - barrier islands KW - shore features KW - Virginia KW - Quaternary KW - clastic sediments KW - geophysical methods KW - seismic methods KW - sea-level changes KW - surveys KW - coastal environment KW - geomorphology KW - preservation KW - microfossils KW - 24:Quaternary geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50831708?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Preservational+potential+of+transgressive+barrier+island+sediments%2C+eastern+shore+of+Virginia&rft.au=Finkelstein%2C+Kenneth%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Finkelstein&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rft.date=1989-02-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=14&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, Northeastern Section, 24th annual meeting; with the Northeastern Section of the Paleontological Society, the Eastern Section of the Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, and the Eastern Section of the National Association of Geology Teachers N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1989-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Atlantic Coastal Plain; barrier beaches; barrier islands; Cenozoic; clastic sediments; coastal environment; cores; dates; Delmarva Peninsula; geomorphology; geophysical methods; geophysical surveys; microfossils; preservation; Quaternary; sand; sea-level changes; sediments; seismic methods; shore features; stratigraphy; surveys; transgression; United States; Virginia ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Drinking Water Standards and Risk Assessment AN - 19075395; 9000922 AB - The role and use of risk assessment methods in the establishment of drinking water standards are described, with emphasis on recent applications in the USA. The process essentially includes an attempt to quantify human exposure from all routes including drinking water, animal toxicology and human epidemiology, when available, to arrive at drinking water concentrations at which exposure would result in ' no known or anticipated adverse effects on health, with a margin of safety'. The process itself is straightforward; however, the application to decision making for substances which are considered to be potentially non-threshold acting in their toxicity (e.g. carcinogenic) requires many policy choices beyond the scientific data, and is subject to considerable controversy. (Author 's abstract) JF - Journal of the Institution of Water and Environmental Management Vol. 3, No. 1, p 6-12, February 1989. 2 fig, 1 tab, 2 ref. AU - Cotruvo, JA AD - Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC. Office of Water Supply Y1 - 1989/02// PY - 1989 DA - Feb 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Water treatment KW - Risk assessment KW - Drinking water KW - Water quality standards KW - United States KW - Policy aspects KW - Decision making KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19075395?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Drinking+Water+Standards+and+Risk+Assessment&rft.au=Cotruvo%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Cotruvo&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1989-02-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identifying Vulnerable Surface Water Utilities AN - 19073099; 8907994 AB - This study was conducted to provide a mechanism and framework with which utility managers could analyze the effects of upstream discharges on source waters. Specific components of the project included selection, implementation, and demonstration of a microcomputer-based commercial data base management system for water quality information; selection and demonstration of a water quality model to represent the movement and transportation of pollutants in a surface water source; assessment of the availability of industrial and municipal discharge information from government sources; and applications of the database management system, water quality monitoring, and data base development to the lower Mississippi River. (Author 's abstract) JF - Journal of the American Water Works Association JAWWA5 Vol. 81, No. 2, p 60-67, February 1989. 4 fig, 5 tab, 9 ref. AU - Clark, R M AU - Grayman, WM AU - Males, R M AU - Kilgore, R AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH. Drinking Water Research Div Y1 - 1989/02// PY - 1989 DA - Feb 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Water treatment facilities KW - Water quality management KW - Water pollution sources KW - Industrial wastewater KW - Municipal wastewater KW - Path of pollutants KW - Data processing KW - Monitoring KW - Risk assessment KW - Data base management KW - Computers KW - Mississippi River KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19073099?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Identifying+Vulnerable+Surface+Water+Utilities&rft.au=Clark%2C+R+M%3BGrayman%2C+WM%3BMales%2C+R+M%3BKilgore%2C+R&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1989-02-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of Inactivation of Giardia lamblia by Chlorine AN - 19070524; 8907810 AB - Amendments to the Safe Drinking Water Act (PL-93-523) highlight the continuing problem of waterborne disease by mandating the EPA to promulgate: (1) criteria by which filtration will be required for surface water supplies; and (2) disinfection requirements for all water supplies in the Untied States. There is interest on the part of the EPA in applying the C(t) concept for determining the inactivation of Giardia lamblia cysts as a key criterion for determining exceptions to the filtration rule. If a utility, in addition to meeting other requirements, can demonstrate that through effective disinfection, manifested by a sufficient C(t) value, it can reduce Giardia levels by 99.9%, then it will be exempted from surface water filtration. In this paper, a model for calculation of C(t) values based on animal infectivity data is developed. The model, based on first-order kinetics, relates C(t) values to chlorine concentration, pH, and temperature. The model predictions compared favorably with laboratory data. (Author 's abstract) JF - Journal of Environmental Engineering JOEDDU Vol. 115, No. 1, p 80-90, February 1989. 2 fig, 5 tab, 14 ref, append. AU - Clark, R M AU - Read, E J AU - Hoff, J C AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH. Drinking Water Research Div Y1 - 1989/02// PY - 1989 DA - Feb 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Giardia KW - Water treatment KW - Disinfection KW - Filtration KW - Models KW - Chlorine KW - Hydrogen ion concentration KW - Water temperature KW - Bacteria KW - Drinking water KW - SW 5080:Evaluation, processing and publication KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19070524?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+Inactivation+of+Giardia+lamblia+by+Chlorine&rft.au=Clark%2C+R+M%3BRead%2C+E+J%3BHoff%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1989-02-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Field Experience With Point-of-Use Treatment Systems for Arsenic Removal AN - 19069729; 8907998 AB - Point-of-use (POU) treatment devices can be effective for removing inorganic contaminants. This article describes the investigation of POU treatment systems used for arsenic removal in four homes in Alaska and Oregon. Small systems utilizing activated alumina, ion exchange, and reverse osmosis techniques were field-tested on waters naturally contaminated with arsenic. The waters contained arsenic in concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 1.0 mg/L, which were successfully lowered to below the 0.05 mg/L maximum contaminant level. (Author 's abstract) JF - Journal of the American Water Works Association JAWWA5 Vol. 81, No. 2, p 94-101, February 1989. 13 fig, 3 tab, 9 ref. AU - Fox, K R AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH Y1 - 1989/02// PY - 1989 DA - Feb 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Domestic water KW - Water treatment KW - Drinking water KW - Arsenic KW - Activated alumina KW - Ion exchange KW - Reverse osmosis KW - Point-of-use treatment systems KW - Alaska KW - Oregon KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19069729?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Field+Experience+With+Point-of-Use+Treatment+Systems+for+Arsenic+Removal&rft.au=Fox%2C+K+R&rft.aulast=Fox&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1989-02-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Supplemental Aeration Enhanced Nitrification in a Secondary RBC Plant AN - 19048805; 8909652 AB - A study was conducted to improve the performance of an existing, full-scale municipal rotating biological contactor (RBC) plant. The plant had failed to meet standard secondary effluent limits from the onset of its operation. Preliminary investigation indicated that overloaded conditions in the first and second stages resulted in very low dissolved oxygen (DO) levels that reduced process efficiency. Two four-stage trains were used under various organic loading conditions with one as a control. The results of this study indicate that, in addition to higher soluble COD (SCOD) removal, the RBC system can achieve significant ammonia nitrification because of the maintenance of high DO concentrations in the stage mixed-liquor. The maintenance of thinner biofilms on the media further enhances the diffusion of oxygen and substrate in the inner layers of the biofilms, thereby increasing the overall process efficiency. Also, the simultaneous achievement of SCOD removal and ammonia nitrification in a secondary system will considerably reduce the overall construction cost of the treatment system. (Doria-PTT) JF - Journal-Water Pollution Control Federation JWPFA5 Vol. 61, No. 2, p 200-207, February 1989. 11 fig, 3 tab, 23 ref. AU - Surampalli, R Y AU - Baumann, E R AD - Environmental Protection Agency Kansas City, KS. Water Management Div Y1 - 1989/02// PY - 1989 DA - Feb 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Wastewater treatment KW - Aeration KW - Nitrification KW - Biological wastewater treatment KW - Municipal wastewater KW - Dissolved oxygen KW - Oxygen demand KW - Chemical oxygen demand KW - Bacteria KW - Ammonia KW - Performance evaluation KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19048805?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Supplemental+Aeration+Enhanced+Nitrification+in+a+Secondary+RBC+Plant&rft.au=Surampalli%2C+R+Y%3BBaumann%2C+E+R&rft.aulast=Surampalli&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1989-02-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimating equivalent human concentrations of no observed adverse effect levels: a comparison of several methods. AN - 79530571; 2637177 AB - Four methods for intra- and inter-species dose extrapolation for inhalation reference doses are discussed. Dichloromethane is used as an example to illustrate quantitative differences in the methods. The methods include a procedure recommended by the U.S. EPA in 1980, 2 approaches to using physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PB-PK) models that depend on the extent of knowledge of the values of physiological parameters, and a proposed method based on the concepts inherent to PB-PK models but requiring significantly less data on physiological parameters. JF - Experimental pathology AU - Overton, J H AU - Jarabek, A M AD - Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office MD-52, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 89 EP - 94 VL - 37 IS - 1-4 SN - 0232-1513, 0232-1513 KW - Methylene Chloride KW - 588X2YUY0A KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - Methylene Chloride -- adverse effects KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Lung -- drug effects KW - Methylene Chloride -- administration & dosage KW - Administration, Inhalation KW - Models, Biological KW - Lung -- physiology KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79530571?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Experimental+pathology&rft.atitle=Estimating+equivalent+human+concentrations+of+no+observed+adverse+effect+levels%3A+a+comparison+of+several+methods.&rft.au=Overton%2C+J+H%3BJarabek%2C+A+M&rft.aulast=Overton&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=89&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Experimental+pathology&rft.issn=02321513&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1990-07-17 N1 - Date created - 1990-07-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Immunosuppression of pulmonary natural killer activity by exposure to ozone. AN - 79497826; 2628483 AB - Ozone is an oxidant gas and an ubiquitous oxidant air pollutant with the potential to adversely affect pulmonary immune function with a consequent increase in disease susceptibility. Pulmonary natural killer (NK) activity was measured in order to assess the pulmonary immunotoxicity of continuous ozone exposure. Continuous ozone exposures at 1.0 ppm were performed for 23.5 hours per day for either 1, 5, 7, or 10 consecutive days. Pulmonary immune function was assessed by measuring natural killer (NK) activity from whole-lung homogenates of male Fischer-344 rats. Results of this study indicated that continuous ozone exposure for 1, 5, or 7 days resulted in a significant decrease in pulmonary NK activity. This suppressed pulmonary NK activity returned to control levels after continuous exposure to ozone for 10 days. The suppressed pulmonary NK response was thus attenuated and returned to normal values in the continued presence of ozone gas. This attenuation process is dynamic, complex, and doubtless involves several cell types and/or products of these cells. Pulmonary NK activity was also suppressed at 0.5 ppm ozone, but not at 0.1 ppm ozone, following 23.5 hours of exposure. NK activity is important for defense against viral, bacterial, and neoplastic disease. The depressed NK activity resulting from continuous ozone exposure could therefore result in a compromised ability to defend against pulmonary diseases. JF - Immunopharmacology and immunotoxicology AU - Burleson, G R AU - Keyes, L L AU - Stutzman, J D AD - Environmental Toxicology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 715 EP - 735 VL - 11 IS - 4 SN - 0892-3973, 0892-3973 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Immunosuppressive Agents KW - Ozone KW - 66H7ZZK23N KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Immunocompetence -- drug effects KW - Cytotoxicity, Immunologic -- drug effects KW - Air Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Male KW - Lung -- immunology KW - Lung -- drug effects KW - Killer Cells, Natural -- immunology KW - Killer Cells, Natural -- drug effects KW - Ozone -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79497826?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Immunopharmacology+and+immunotoxicology&rft.atitle=Immunosuppression+of+pulmonary+natural+killer+activity+by+exposure+to+ozone.&rft.au=Burleson%2C+G+R%3BKeyes%2C+L+L%3BStutzman%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Burleson&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=715&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Immunopharmacology+and+immunotoxicology&rft.issn=08923973&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1990-04-26 N1 - Date created - 1990-04-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A review of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) risk assessments. AN - 79480778; 2696634 JF - Drug metabolism reviews AU - Beliles, R AU - Salinas, J A AU - Kluwe, W M AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC 20460. Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 3 EP - 12 VL - 21 IS - 1 SN - 0360-2532, 0360-2532 KW - Phthalic Acids KW - 0 KW - Diethylhexyl Phthalate KW - C42K0PH13C KW - Index Medicus KW - Risk KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Diethylhexyl Phthalate -- toxicity KW - Phthalic Acids -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79480778?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Drug+metabolism+reviews&rft.atitle=A+review+of+di%282-ethylhexyl%29phthalate+%28DEHP%29+risk+assessments.&rft.au=Beliles%2C+R%3BSalinas%2C+J+A%3BKluwe%2C+W+M&rft.aulast=Beliles&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=3&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Drug+metabolism+reviews&rft.issn=03602532&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1990-04-12 N1 - Date created - 1990-04-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Carcinogenicity of general-purpose phthalates: structure-activity relationships. AN - 79480639; 2696636 AB - There does not appear to be any evidence that other GP phthalates pose higher-level risk than DEHP. There is evidence that a very significant fraction of GP phthalate production capacity is devoted to turning out products which may have about the same carcinogenic potency as DEHP, and that another significant fraction of that capacity is devoted to turning out products with less potency. Public and private risk control choice takers considering this family of products need to be aware of this evidence, its limitations, and the means for upgrading certainty. JF - Drug metabolism reviews AU - Hirzy, J W AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460. Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 55 EP - 63 VL - 21 IS - 1 SN - 0360-2532, 0360-2532 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Phthalic Acids KW - Diethylhexyl Phthalate KW - C42K0PH13C KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Diethylhexyl Phthalate -- toxicity KW - Structure-Activity Relationship KW - Phthalic Acids -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79480639?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Drug+metabolism+reviews&rft.atitle=Carcinogenicity+of+general-purpose+phthalates%3A+structure-activity+relationships.&rft.au=Hirzy%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Hirzy&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=55&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Drug+metabolism+reviews&rft.issn=03602532&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1990-04-12 N1 - Date created - 1990-04-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessment of chemically-induced alterations in brain development using assays of neuron- and glia-localized proteins. AN - 79480542; 2626214 AB - Chemical-induced injury of the developing central nervous system (CNS) is often manifested by alterations in the cellular ontogeny of specific neuroanatomical regions. Within the affected area, critical developmental processes encompassing a variety of neuronal and glial cell types may be transiently or permanently altered. Because the cellular heterogeneity of the developing CNS is expressed by unique neuronal and glial proteins, we proposed that radioimmunoassays of these proteins can be used to define normal and chemically- altered patterns of CNS development. We are testing this hypothesis by administering prototype neurotoxicants to the developing rat and then assessing the effects of these agents on previously characterized neuronal and glial proteins. Using this approach, we have characterized several features associated with perinatal chemical exposure: (1) region-dependent patterns of altered brain development are revealed by changes in the amounts of specific neuronal and glial proteins; (2) chemical-induced changes in neuronal and glial proteins depend on the time of exposure and nature of the insult; and (3) significant changes in neuron- and glial-localized proteins can be observed in the absence of cytopathology or decreases in brain weight. Data obtained from studies of toxicant-induced injury of the CNS will be presented as models for the use of neuron- and glial-localized proteins as biochemical indicators of altered brain development. JF - Neurotoxicology AU - O'Callaghan, J P AU - Miller, D B AD - Health Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 393 EP - 406 VL - 10 IS - 3 SN - 0161-813X, 0161-813X KW - Nerve Tissue Proteins KW - 0 KW - Trialkyltin Compounds KW - Triethyltin Compounds KW - Trimethyltin Compounds KW - tributyltin KW - 4XDX163P3D KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Cerebellum -- growth & development KW - Hippocampus -- growth & development KW - Cerebellum -- drug effects KW - Radioimmunoassay KW - Organ Size KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Hippocampus -- drug effects KW - Nerve Tissue Proteins -- analysis KW - Neurons -- drug effects KW - Brain -- drug effects KW - Neuroglia -- drug effects KW - Brain -- growth & development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79480542?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+chemically-induced+alterations+in+brain+development+using+assays+of+neuron-+and+glia-localized+proteins.&rft.au=O%27Callaghan%2C+J+P%3BMiller%2C+D+B&rft.aulast=O%27Callaghan&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=393&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology&rft.issn=0161813X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1990-04-12 N1 - Date created - 1990-04-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Natural killer activity in Fischer-344 rat lungs as a method to assess pulmonary immunocompetence: immunosuppression by phosgene inhalation. AN - 79463784; 2621324 AB - Phosgene, also known as carbonyl chloride, carbon oxychloride, and chloroformyl chloride, is a toxic air pollutant and a potential occupational health hazard. Studies were initiated (a) to evaluate the measurement of pulmonary natural killer (NK) activity as a method to assess pulmonary immunocompetence, and (b) to determine whether exposure to phosgene resulted in local pulmonary or systemic immune dysfunction. Fischer-344 male rats were exposed either to filtered air or to 1.0 ppm phosgene gas for four hours. The effect of phosgene on lung NK activity was quantified at different times after acute phosgene exposure. Pulmonary NK activity was measured by mincing lung tissue into small pieces prior to incubation with collagenase. Whole-lung homogenate was assayed for NK activity utilizing a 4 hour 51-Cr-release assay with YAC-1 cells as target cells. Acute phosgene exposure resulted in a suppressed pulmonary NK activity on days 1, 2, and 4 after exposure; however, normal levels of biological activity were observed 7 days after exposure. The suppressed NK activity was not restored after removal of adherent cells from the lung homogenate, thus indicating that the effect of phosgene on NK activity was not due to immunosuppression via mobilization of suppressor alveolar macrophages. Pulmonary immunotoxicity was also observed after exposure at 0.5 ppm, while no adverse effects were observed at 0.1 ppm phosgene. Systemic immunotoxic effects were observed for NK activity in the spleen, but not in the peripheral blood. It is thus important in pulmonary immunotoxicology to evaluate systemic immune functions, since secondary effects--distant to the original interaction--may occur with potentially serious consequences. Cells exhibiting natural killer activity comprise a part of the nonspecific innate immunity that is important in defense against both neoplastic and viral diseases. Any perturbation of this important nonspecific immunological mechanism may result in a compromised host more susceptible to infectious and neoplastic disease. JF - Immunopharmacology and immunotoxicology AU - Burleson, G R AU - Keyes, L L AD - Health Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 421 EP - 443 VL - 11 IS - 2-3 SN - 0892-3973, 0892-3973 KW - Phosgene KW - 117K140075 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Immune Tolerance KW - Phosgene -- toxicity KW - Rats KW - Immune System -- drug effects KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Kinetics KW - Immunocompetence KW - Spleen -- immunology KW - Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic KW - Administration, Inhalation KW - Male KW - Phosgene -- administration & dosage KW - Lung -- immunology KW - Killer Cells, Natural -- immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79463784?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Immunopharmacology+and+immunotoxicology&rft.atitle=Natural+killer+activity+in+Fischer-344+rat+lungs+as+a+method+to+assess+pulmonary+immunocompetence%3A+immunosuppression+by+phosgene+inhalation.&rft.au=Burleson%2C+G+R%3BKeyes%2C+L+L&rft.aulast=Burleson&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=421&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Immunopharmacology+and+immunotoxicology&rft.issn=08923973&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1990-03-29 N1 - Date created - 1990-03-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biochemical studies of promoters of carcinogenesis in rat liver. AN - 79427984; 2575289 AB - Adult female rats were orally dosed with 1/5 to 3/5 the published LD50 of either promoters or putative promoters of carcinogenesis [hexachlorobenzene (HCB), alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane (alpha-HCH), kepone and toxaphene] or noncarcinogens [coumaphos, EDTA, caprolactam, 8-hydroxyquinoline, titanium (IV) oxide, sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (DEDTC), and sucrose] at 21 and 4 h before sacrifice. The promoters selected in this study were all of the halogenated hydrocarbon class. At doses of 1/5 to 3/5 the LD50, all four promoters or putative promoters induced rat hepatic ODC activity. The seven noncarcinogens produced several biochemical effects at doses of 1/5 the LD50: increased serum alanine aminotransferase activity (SGPT) (caprolactam and DEDTC), decreased hepatic cytochrome P-450 content (DEDTC), and increased hepatic ODC activity (8-hydroxyquinoline and DEDTC). None of the seven noncarcinogens caused hepatic DNA damage or coordinate induction of hepatic ODC and cytochrome P-450. The results support the interpretation that several of these biochemical parameters are useful in distinguishing potential tumor promoters and noncarcinogens. JF - Teratogenesis, carcinogenesis, and mutagenesis AU - Kitchin, K T AU - Brown, J L AD - Experimental Dosimetry Branch (MD-74), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 273 EP - 285 VL - 9 IS - 5 SN - 0270-3211, 0270-3211 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Hydrocarbons, Halogenated KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System KW - 9035-51-2 KW - Alanine Transaminase KW - EC 2.6.1.2 KW - Ornithine Decarboxylase KW - EC 4.1.1.17 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats, Inbred Strains KW - Rats KW - Ornithine Decarboxylase -- metabolism KW - Animals KW - DNA Damage KW - Alanine Transaminase -- metabolism KW - Lethal Dose 50 KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System -- metabolism KW - Female KW - Cell Survival KW - Liver -- pathology KW - Hydrocarbons, Halogenated -- toxicity KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Liver -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79427984?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Teratogenesis%2C+carcinogenesis%2C+and+mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Biochemical+studies+of+promoters+of+carcinogenesis+in+rat+liver.&rft.au=Kitchin%2C+K+T%3BBrown%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Kitchin&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=273&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Teratogenesis%2C+carcinogenesis%2C+and+mutagenesis&rft.issn=02703211&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1990-02-13 N1 - Date created - 1990-02-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cytotoxicity and effect on mutagenicity of buffers in a microsuspension assay. AN - 79423884; 2575290 AB - We have examined the effects of three buffers--Vogel-Bonner minimal E (VBM) and 0.15 and 0.015 M sodium phosphate, pH 7.4--and two concentrations of overnight cells (5x and 10x) on the mutagenicity of two pure compounds and two complex mixtures in strain TA98 using a modification of a microsuspension assay developed by Kado et al. (Mutation Research 121:25-32, 1983). The assay was performed by adding 50 microliters of cell concentrate of an overnight culture of TA98 resuspended in the appropriate buffer; 50 microliters of the same buffer or S9 mix; and 2 microliters of mutagen or dimethyl sulfoxide to a 1-dram vial or 13 x 150-mm test tube. The suspension was incubated for 90 min at 37 degrees C, top agar was added, and the contents poured onto a bottom agar of minimal medium. Cell concentration (5x vs. 10x) had little effect on the mutagenic potencies of the agents tested. The mutagenic potencies of the direct-acting agents (1-nitropyrene and diesel exhaust) were consistently lower with 0.15 M buffer compared to the mutagenic potencies of these agents with the other two buffers. The three buffers gave similar results for the indirect-acting agents (2-aminoanthracene and environmental tobacco smoke). The 0.15 M buffer was considerably cytotoxic in the absence of S9, which may explain why the direct-acting agents were less potent with this buffer compared to the other buffers. VBM was also somewhat cytotoxic, but this did not appear to affect the mutagenic potencies of the agents studied.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Teratogenesis, carcinogenesis, and mutagenesis AU - DeMarini, D M AU - Dallas, M M AU - Lewtas, J AD - Genetic Bioassay Branch, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 287 EP - 295 VL - 9 IS - 5 SN - 0270-3211, 0270-3211 KW - Anthracenes KW - 0 KW - Buffers KW - Fuel Oils KW - Mutagens KW - Phosphates KW - Pyrenes KW - Suspensions KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution KW - 2-anthramine KW - 8240818JGU KW - sodium phosphate KW - SE337SVY37 KW - 1-nitropyrene KW - TD1665I8Q4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Salmonella -- drug effects KW - Pyrenes -- toxicity KW - Mutagenicity Tests KW - Phosphates -- toxicity KW - Anthracenes -- toxicity KW - Cell Survival UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79423884?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Teratogenesis%2C+carcinogenesis%2C+and+mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Cytotoxicity+and+effect+on+mutagenicity+of+buffers+in+a+microsuspension+assay.&rft.au=DeMarini%2C+D+M%3BDallas%2C+M+M%3BLewtas%2C+J&rft.aulast=DeMarini&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=287&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Teratogenesis%2C+carcinogenesis%2C+and+mutagenesis&rft.issn=02703211&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1990-02-13 N1 - Date created - 1990-02-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A method for comparison of animal and human alveolar dose and toxic effect of inhaled ozone. AN - 79416627; 2606696 AB - Present models for predicting the pulmonary toxicity of O3 in humans from the toxic effects observed in animals rely on dosimetric measurements of O3 mass balance and species comparisons of mechanisms that protect tissue against O3. The goal of the study described was to identify a method to directly compare O3 dose and effect in animals and humans using bronchoalveolar lavage fluid markers. The feasibility of estimating O3 dose to alveoli of animals and humans was demonstrated through assay of reaction products of 18O-labeled O3 in lung surfactant and macrophage pellets of rabbits. The feasibility of using lung lavage fluid protein measurements to quantify the O3 toxic response in humans was demonstrated by the finding of significantly increased lung lavage protein in 10 subjects exposed to 0.4 ppm O3 for 2 h with intermittent periods of heavy exercise. The validity of using the lavage protein marker to quantify the response in animals has already been established. The positive results obtained in both the 18O3 and the lavage protein studies reported here suggest that it should be possible to obtain a direct comparison of both alveolar dose and toxic effect of O3 to alveoli of animals or humans. JF - Health physics AU - Hatch, G E AU - Koren, H AU - Aissa, M AD - Environmental Toxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 37 EP - 40 VL - 57 Suppl 1 SN - 0017-9078, 0017-9078 KW - Biomarkers KW - 0 KW - Ozone KW - 66H7ZZK23N KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid -- analysis KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Methods KW - Humans KW - Biomarkers -- analysis KW - Rabbits KW - Administration, Inhalation KW - Lung -- drug effects KW - Ozone -- administration & dosage KW - Ozone -- toxicity KW - Ozone -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79416627?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Health+physics&rft.atitle=A+method+for+comparison+of+animal+and+human+alveolar+dose+and+toxic+effect+of+inhaled+ozone.&rft.au=Hatch%2C+G+E%3BKoren%2C+H%3BAissa%2C+M&rft.aulast=Hatch&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=57+Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=37&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Health+physics&rft.issn=00179078&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1990-02-16 N1 - Date created - 1990-02-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inhalation reference dose (RfDi): an application of interspecies dosimetry modeling for risk assessment of insoluble particles. AN - 79414968; 2606680 AB - Accurate extrapolation of animal toxicity data for human health risk assessment requires determination of the effective dose to the target tissue and the sensitivity of the target tissue to that dose. The methodology for deriving reference doses [the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) benchmark values for gauging systemic toxicity] for oral exposures has not included dosimetry modeling. Dosimetry data facilitate evaluation of concentration-response data with respect to the dose-response relationships used in quantitative risk assessment. Extension of this methodology to derivation of inhalation reference doses (RfDi) should account for the dynamics of the respiratory system as the portal of entry. Predictive physiologically based modeling of the inhalation of reactive gases has recently been demonstrated (Overton and Miller 1988). Models that describe the deposition of hygroscopic particles and account for chemical factors that affect clearance mechanisms and gas uptake are under development. This paper presents a method for calculating a dosimetric adjustment factor based on the values for the initial deposited dose of insoluble particles in an animal species and in humans. The ratio of these two values serves as a scaling factor that can be applied in the R f D methodology to account for the dosimetric differences in the inhaled deposited dose. This application for insoluble particles illustrates the feasibility of interspecies dosimetry calculations for extrapolating the toxicological results of inhaled agents to human exposure conditions for more accurate risk estimation. JF - Health physics AU - Jarabek, A M AU - Menache, M G AU - Overton, J H AU - Dourson, M L AU - Miller, F J AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 177 EP - 183 VL - 57 Suppl 1 SN - 0017-9078, 0017-9078 KW - Aerosols KW - 0 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Risk KW - Animals KW - Reference Values KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Particle Size KW - Humans KW - Species Specificity KW - Environmental Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Environmental Pollutants -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79414968?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Health+physics&rft.atitle=Inhalation+reference+dose+%28RfDi%29%3A+an+application+of+interspecies+dosimetry+modeling+for+risk+assessment+of+insoluble+particles.&rft.au=Jarabek%2C+A+M%3BMenache%2C+M+G%3BOverton%2C+J+H%3BDourson%2C+M+L%3BMiller%2C+F+J&rft.aulast=Jarabek&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=57+Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=177&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Health+physics&rft.issn=00179078&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1990-02-16 N1 - Date created - 1990-02-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fitting a model to categorical response data with application to species extrapolation of toxicity. AN - 79413789; 2606699 AB - The evaluation of toxicity data for noncarcinogens is complicated by the multiplicity of possible end points, and variations in both severity of effect and response rate. Often the response rates are not reported, so that "dose-response" analysis involves the relation between dose and severity of effect. Severity is usually reported as a description of the nature of the effects; measured values are rare. One approach is to then assign severity descriptions to ordered categories and to model the dose-category relationship. The application presented here is to interspecies scaling, i.e., the estimation of parameters in the model used to convert animal doses into equally toxic human doses. JF - Health physics AU - Hertzberg, R C AD - Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 405 EP - 409 VL - 57 Suppl 1 SN - 0017-9078, 0017-9078 KW - Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated KW - 0 KW - hexachlorocyclopentadiene KW - IP6ATU242I KW - Mirex KW - Z917AN264P KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Risk KW - Animals KW - Mirex -- toxicity KW - Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated -- toxicity KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Dogs KW - Models, Statistical KW - Mice KW - Mirex -- adverse effects KW - Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated -- adverse effects KW - Species Specificity KW - Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions KW - Models, Biological UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79413789?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Health+physics&rft.atitle=Fitting+a+model+to+categorical+response+data+with+application+to+species+extrapolation+of+toxicity.&rft.au=Hertzberg%2C+R+C&rft.aulast=Hertzberg&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=57+Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=405&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Health+physics&rft.issn=00179078&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1990-02-16 N1 - Date created - 1990-02-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dose paradigms for inhaled vapors of primary carcinogens and their impact on risk assessment. AN - 79412032; 2606690 AB - In the assessment of risk, several factors affect predictions: selection of reactive agent, selection of tumor incidence data, modeling of dose, scaling across species, adjustment for differences in duration and frequency of exposure, and selection of the most suitable risk extrapolation model. If the endpoints, exposure regimen, and the model for risk extrapolation are constant, then the review of dose paradigms will illustrate the effect of dose modeling on risk, since by definition the reactive agent is the primary carcinogen. The response incidence in lifetime inhalation bioassays of two primary carcinogens, ethylene oxide and formaldehyde, was used with different dose paradigms to estimate risk from maximum lifetime occupational exposures. The dose paradigms that will be considered include: concentration, concentration time product, retained dose, integrated blood concentration, and tissue exposure. The basis for across-species scaling and the assumptions underlying each dose paradigm were discussed. JF - Health physics AU - Beliles, R P AU - Parker, J C AD - Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460. Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 333 EP - 340 VL - 57 Suppl 1 SN - 0017-9078, 0017-9078 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens KW - Formaldehyde KW - 1HG84L3525 KW - Ethylene Oxide KW - JJH7GNN18P KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Formaldehyde -- administration & dosage KW - Models, Biological KW - Rats KW - Risk KW - Ethylene Oxide -- administration & dosage KW - Neoplasms, Experimental -- chemically induced KW - Administration, Inhalation KW - Species Specificity KW - Male KW - Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- adverse effects KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79412032?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Health+physics&rft.atitle=Dose+paradigms+for+inhaled+vapors+of+primary+carcinogens+and+their+impact+on+risk+assessment.&rft.au=Beliles%2C+R+P%3BParker%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Beliles&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=57+Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=333&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Health+physics&rft.issn=00179078&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1990-02-16 N1 - Date created - 1990-02-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modulating effect of body temperature on the toxic response produced by the pesticide chlordimeform in rats. AN - 79371929; 2593177 AB - Previous studies from this laboratory have demonstrated significant deficits in cardiovascular function in rats exposed to the pesticide chlordimeform (CDM) when body core temperature (TCO) was maintained at 37 degrees C. To investigate the role of TCO on CDM toxicity, similar experiments were conducted over a range of TCO values. Adult rats (n = 30) were anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital (35 mg/kg) and randomly assigned to one of six equal groups. Groups were paired and TCO was maintained in the rats in each of the respective group pairs at one of three levels (37, 35, or 33 degrees C). Rats in one group at each temperature level (groups T37, T35, and T33) were injected intraperitoneally with 60 mg/kg of CDM. Animals in the corresponding temperature-matched groups (groups C37, C35, and C33, respectively) received volume-matched injections of normal saline vehicle and served as time-paired controls. The electrocardiogram and heart rate (HR) were monitored throughout the experimental procedure. There was a significant decrease in HR in all CDM-treated groups when compared to the control group animals. The magnitude of the observed cardiac effect was attenuated in the T35 group when compared to that of the other treated groups. Similarly, lethality rates (number of deaths/total) for the T37, T35, and T33 groups were 2/5, 0/5, and 3/5, respectively; there were no deaths among the control-group animals. From these and previous data from this laboratory, we conclude there may be a beneficial effect of moderate hypothermia in rats exposed to toxic agents while more severe hypothermia appears to offer no advantage and may actually exacerbate the toxic effect. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health AU - Watkinson, W P AU - Highfill, J W AU - Gordon, C J AD - Environmental Toxicology Division, Health Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 483 EP - 500 VL - 28 IS - 4 SN - 0098-4108, 0098-4108 KW - Amidines KW - 0 KW - Chlorphenamidine KW - GXA8FP6Y9C KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats, Inbred Strains KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Heart Rate -- drug effects KW - Random Allocation KW - Electrocardiography KW - Linear Models KW - Male KW - Multivariate Analysis KW - Body Temperature -- physiology KW - Amidines -- toxicity KW - Cardiovascular System -- drug effects KW - Chlorphenamidine -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79371929?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health&rft.atitle=Modulating+effect+of+body+temperature+on+the+toxic+response+produced+by+the+pesticide+chlordimeform+in+rats.&rft.au=Watkinson%2C+W+P%3BHighfill%2C+J+W%3BGordon%2C+C+J&rft.aulast=Watkinson&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=483&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health&rft.issn=00984108&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1990-01-19 N1 - Date created - 1990-01-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cell cycle alterations and cell death in cyclophosphamide teratogenesis. AN - 79254626; 2572064 AB - Litters of pregnant mice treated with cyclophosphamide (CP) exhibit malformations of the limbs ranging from oligodactyly to amelia. Previous studies have indicated that cell death occurs in limb buds shortly after maternal exposure. We have investigated the relationship of cell death, cell cycle perturbation, and embryo/fetal toxicity in the mouse using vital staining and flow cytometry (FCM). CP (20, 30, and 40 mg/kg) was investigated via intraperitoneal administration to Swiss-Webster mice on day 10 of gestation. At 4, 8, or 28 hours later, embryos were removed. Cell death was identified with Nile blue sulphate (NBS). Two embryos per litter were stained with NBS, and the remaining embryos were frozen at -70 degrees C prior to FCM analysis. After thawing, the forelimb buds were removed for the isolation of nuclei. Tissues were dissociated through a wire mesh followed by cytolysis with 0.1% nonidet P-40 in PBS with 0.5 mg/ml RNase. Nuclei were stained with the fluorescent nucleic acid probe propidium iodide and analyzed (10,000 nuclei per sample) for propidium iodide fluorescence by FCM. NBS revealed a dose-related increase in cell death by 8 hours after dosing. CP-induced cell death was greatest in areas of rapid cell proliferation (DNA synthesis). FCM analysis revealed retardation of progression through the S-phase of the cell cycle by 4 hours post-exposure at all doses. This retardation occurred earlier in S-phase with increasing dose and persisted through 8 hours. At 28 hours, cell cycle histograms were normal in the low-dose embryos, but remained perturbed in the intermediate- and high-dose embryos. On day 17 of gestation, the last group of dams was killed. A high incidence of fetal malformations, including limb defects, occurred at the 20 mg/kg dose, and fetal mortality was observed at 30 and 40 mg/kg. The pattern and magnitude of cell death correlated with cell cycle perturbation and fetal toxicity at term, suggesting a relationship between cell cycle perturbation, cell death, and malformations produced by CP. JF - Teratogenesis, carcinogenesis, and mutagenesis AU - Chernoff, N AU - Rogers, J M AU - Alles, A J AU - Zucker, R M AU - Elstein, K H AU - Massaro, E J AU - Sulik, K K AD - Developmental Toxicology Division, Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 199 EP - 209 VL - 9 IS - 4 SN - 0270-3211, 0270-3211 KW - Teratogens KW - 0 KW - Cyclophosphamide KW - 8N3DW7272P KW - Index Medicus KW - Fetus KW - Animals KW - Maternal-Fetal Exchange -- drug effects KW - Cell Survival -- drug effects KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Mice KW - Flow Cytometry KW - Female KW - Cell Cycle -- drug effects KW - Pregnancy KW - Cyclophosphamide -- administration & dosage KW - Cyclophosphamide -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79254626?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Teratogenesis%2C+carcinogenesis%2C+and+mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Cell+cycle+alterations+and+cell+death+in+cyclophosphamide+teratogenesis.&rft.au=Chernoff%2C+N%3BRogers%2C+J+M%3BAlles%2C+A+J%3BZucker%2C+R+M%3BElstein%2C+K+H%3BMassaro%2C+E+J%3BSulik%2C+K+K&rft.aulast=Chernoff&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=199&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Teratogenesis%2C+carcinogenesis%2C+and+mutagenesis&rft.issn=02703211&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-11-20 N1 - Date created - 1989-11-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Thermoregulatory responses of the rabbit to central neural injections of sulfolane. AN - 79180207; 2771197 AB - Systemic exposure of the rabbit to sulfolane results in hypothermia; however, the mechanism of this thermoregulatory effect is unknown. This study was designed to determine the thermoregulatory effects of sulfolane on the central nervous system (CNS) of the rabbit. Male rabbits were stereotaxically implanted with an injection cannula over the preoptic/anterior hypothalamic area (POAH) or into the lateral cerebral ventricle. POAH temperature (TPOAH), ear temperature (Te), and metabolic rate (MR) were recorded at an ambient temperature (Ta) of 15 degrees C. No changes were observed in any of the thermoregulatory indices following injections of saline or sulfolane in dosages of 100, 300, and 1000 micrograms directly into the POAH. Intracere-broventricular (ICV) injection of saline also had no effect on thermoregulation. However, ICV sulfolane in dosages of 300, 1000, and 3000 micrograms caused TPOAH to rise 0.23, 0.47, and 0.56 degrees C, respectively. This hyperthermia was significant at a dosage of 3000 micrograms. There was no change in Te or MR at these three dose levels. Microinjection of 10,000 micrograms sulfolane ICV caused a slight decrease in TPOACH for 30 min which was accompanied by an increase in Te. Following the slight decrease, TPOAH increased to + 0.54 degrees C at 120 min after injection as Te returned to baseline values. The data suggest that the previously observed thermoregulatory effects of sulfolane following systemic exposure cannot be attributed to a direct action of the parent compound on the CNS. JF - Neurotoxicology AU - Mohler, F S AU - Gordon, C J AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Health Effects Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 53 EP - 62 VL - 10 IS - 1 SN - 0161-813X, 0161-813X KW - Thiophenes KW - 0 KW - sulfolane KW - Y5L06AH4G5 KW - Index Medicus KW - Anterior Hypothalamic Nucleus KW - Preoptic Area KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Cerebellum KW - Central Nervous System -- drug effects KW - Autonomic Nervous System -- physiology KW - Rabbits KW - Injections KW - Male KW - Injections, Intraventricular KW - Body Temperature Regulation -- drug effects KW - Thiophenes -- pharmacology KW - Thiophenes -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79180207?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology&rft.atitle=Thermoregulatory+responses+of+the+rabbit+to+central+neural+injections+of+sulfolane.&rft.au=Mohler%2C+F+S%3BGordon%2C+C+J&rft.aulast=Mohler&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=53&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology&rft.issn=0161813X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-09-29 N1 - Date created - 1989-09-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The value of multiple endpoint data in male reproductive toxicology: revelations in the rat. AN - 79128010; 2666988 AB - To explore the relationship between sperm measures and reproductive success in the laboratory rat, a review has been conducted of results of several male reproductive toxicology studies containing both fertility and multiple endpoint data. Comparisons are made between subchronic and acute exposure studies, emphasizing for each approach the value of multiple endpoint data. Further, the choice of endpoints in male reproductive toxicology is discussed with select examples of endpoints for which an understanding is evolving. We conclude that sperm measures are far more sensitive indicators of reproductive organ impairment than is the measurement of fertility, and that evaluation of multiple endpoints in acute studies is a key step in determining mechanisms of toxicant action that are critical for accurate interspecies risk extrapolation. JF - Progress in clinical and biological research AU - Perreault, S D AU - Linder, R E AU - Strader, L F AU - Slott, V AD - United States Environmental Protection Agency, Health Effects ResearchLaboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 179 EP - 192 VL - 302 SN - 0361-7742, 0361-7742 KW - Dinitrobenzenes KW - 0 KW - Dinitrophenols KW - 3-dinitrobenzene KW - DK8B627BU0 KW - 2,4-Dinitrophenol KW - Q13SKS21MN KW - Benomyl KW - TLW21058F5 KW - dinoseb KW - YD44ZEM22M KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Benomyl -- toxicity KW - Animals KW - Spermatozoa -- drug effects KW - Dinitrobenzenes -- toxicity KW - Male KW - Dinitrophenols -- toxicity KW - 2,4-Dinitrophenol -- analogs & derivatives KW - Genitalia, Male -- drug effects KW - Fertility -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79128010?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Progress+in+clinical+and+biological+research&rft.atitle=The+value+of+multiple+endpoint+data+in+male+reproductive+toxicology%3A+revelations+in+the+rat.&rft.au=Perreault%2C+S+D%3BLinder%2C+R+E%3BStrader%2C+L+F%3BSlott%2C+V&rft.aulast=Perreault&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=302&rft.issue=&rft.spage=179&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Progress+in+clinical+and+biological+research&rft.issn=03617742&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-08-29 N1 - Date created - 1989-08-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency procedures and policies to estimate risk of injury to the male reproductive system. AN - 79117113; 2755956 AB - Risk assessment, as defined by the National Academy of Sciences in 1983, is comprised by the following components: hazard identification, dose-response assessment, exposure assessment, and risk characterization. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has developed risk assessment guidelines which follow the NAS format for Program Offices to follow in evaluating the potential adverse effects of environmental agents on humans. Guidelines have been published in the Federal Register on cancer, mutagenicity, developmental toxicity, chemical mixtures, and exposure. Proposed guidelines are expected to be published shortly on female and male reproductive toxicity. JF - Progress in clinical and biological research AU - Francis, E Z AD - Office of Toxic Substances, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. 20460. Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 3 EP - 16; discussion 17-20 VL - 302 SN - 0361-7742, 0361-7742 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Legislation, Drug KW - Male KW - Health Planning KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - Environmental Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Genitalia, Male -- drug effects KW - Government Agencies KW - Health Planning Guidelines KW - Health Policy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79117113?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Progress+in+clinical+and+biological+research&rft.atitle=U.S.+Environmental+Protection+Agency+procedures+and+policies+to+estimate+risk+of+injury+to+the+male+reproductive+system.&rft.au=Francis%2C+E+Z&rft.aulast=Francis&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=302&rft.issue=&rft.spage=3&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Progress+in+clinical+and+biological+research&rft.issn=03617742&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-08-29 N1 - Date created - 1989-08-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Correlation of sperm and endocrine measures with reproductive success in rodents. AN - 79117033; 2666989 AB - This paper compares the statistical precision and biological sensitivity of multiple indices of reproductive function to infertility in the male rodent. The studies discussed include those that examined reproductive function in the male following perinatal exposure to reproductive toxicants and others in which the compounds were administered to young-adult males, often with very diverse results. For example, some chemicals that alter sex differentiation reduce fertility by affecting breeding performance alone (polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), fenarimol, or losulazine), without altering sperm and testicular measures. Others also markedly alter sex differentiation of the genitalia, the accessory glands and the testis in addition to their effects on central nervous system (CNS) sex differentiation and mating behavior (testosterone, flutamide, cyproterone acetate, tamoxifen, estradiol and diethylstilbestrol (DES)). In contrast, prenatal exposure to compounds that alter primary germ cell survival (busulphan, congo red) induce partial gonadal/germ cell agenesis without altering sex differentiation. These chemicals dramatically reduce testicular sperm production in the male offspring, and the most severely affected males are infertile. In a series of studies conducted in our laboratory, young male rats were exposed to known reproductive toxicants in a dose related manner from puberty, through young adulthood and breeding. We have found that the profile of effects varies considerably depending upon the chemical's mechanism of toxicity. When a compound produced infertility through direct effects of testicular function (Carbendazim (MBC) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP)), then testis weight, testicular histology, and testicular sperm head counts provided sensitive indicators of toxicity. In general, dramatic reductions in sperm production are required to induce infertility and these changes were accompanied by elevated serum luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and changes in human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)-stimulated testosterone synthesis. Chemicals that have hormonal activity, alter the internal endocrine environment, or directly effect CNS function induce a completely different profile of effects. For example, estrogen administration alters the function of the seminal vesicle and the endocrine system, and reduces epididymal sperm reserves; while testicular measures are relatively unaffected. Since very different spectrums of effects are produced by different compounds, no single endpoint will consistently be the most sensitive indicator of reproductive toxicity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) JF - Progress in clinical and biological research AU - Gray, L E AU - Ostby, J AU - Ferrell, J AU - Sigmon, R AU - Cooper, R AU - Linder, R AU - Rehnberg, G AU - Goldman, J AU - Laskey, J AD - Developmental and Cellular Toxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 193 EP - 206; discussion 206-9 VL - 302 SN - 0361-7742, 0361-7742 KW - Benzimidazoles KW - 0 KW - Carbamates KW - Dibutyl Phthalate KW - 2286E5R2KE KW - Congo Red KW - 3U05FHG59S KW - carbendazim KW - H75J14AA89 KW - Methoxychlor KW - RIA79UD69L KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Congo Red -- toxicity KW - Mice KW - Dibutyl Phthalate -- toxicity KW - Male KW - Benzimidazoles -- toxicity KW - Methoxychlor -- toxicity KW - Testis -- drug effects KW - Spermatozoa -- drug effects KW - Fertility -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79117033?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Progress+in+clinical+and+biological+research&rft.atitle=Correlation+of+sperm+and+endocrine+measures+with+reproductive+success+in+rodents.&rft.au=Gray%2C+L+E%3BOstby%2C+J%3BFerrell%2C+J%3BSigmon%2C+R%3BCooper%2C+R%3BLinder%2C+R%3BRehnberg%2C+G%3BGoldman%2C+J%3BLaskey%2C+J&rft.aulast=Gray&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=302&rft.issue=&rft.spage=193&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Progress+in+clinical+and+biological+research&rft.issn=03617742&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-08-29 N1 - Date created - 1989-08-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxicity of complex waste mixtures: a comparison of observed and predicted lethality. AN - 79114435; 2754754 AB - The ability to predict the biological effect of complex waste mixtures from chemical characterization data was examined by comparing observed mortality to that predicted by a mathematical additivity model with literature LD50 values for the chemicals identified in the mixtures. Male F344 rats were exposed by gavage to 1 of 10 samples of complex industrial waste. Seven of the 10 waste samples caused death within 24 h of administration at dosages ranging from 1 to 5 ml/kg body weight. Two of the 7 lethal waste samples produced 100% mortality at a dosage of 2.5 ml/kg; another 2 waste samples produced 100% mortality at 5 ml/kg. The partial chemical analysis, although providing more extensive information on chemical composition than might normally be available for most complex waste mixtures, was not sufficient to distinguish lethal from nonlethal waste samples or to indicate lethal potency. Possible explanations for the apparent inability to predict readily lethality from the chemical characterization data include the possible inappropriateness of an additivity model due to the presence of interactions, such as synergism or antagonism; the kinetics of chemical absorption, distribution, and elimination, which may be affected by administration of the chemical in a complex matrix; and the presence of unidentified chemicals in the mixture that may have contributed to the observed toxicity. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health AU - Simmons, J E AU - Berman, E AD - Health Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 275 EP - 286 VL - 27 IS - 3 SN - 0098-4108, 0098-4108 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - 0 KW - Hazardous Waste KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Risk Factors KW - Lethal Dose 50 KW - Models, Theoretical KW - Hazardous Substances -- toxicity KW - Hazardous Waste -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79114435?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health&rft.atitle=Toxicity+of+complex+waste+mixtures%3A+a+comparison+of+observed+and+predicted+lethality.&rft.au=Simmons%2C+J+E%3BBerman%2C+E&rft.aulast=Simmons&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=275&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health&rft.issn=00984108&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-08-30 N1 - Date created - 1989-08-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mouse skin tumors as predictors of human lung cancer for complex emissions: an overview. AN - 79100081; 2664811 JF - Progress in clinical and biological research AU - Nesnow, S AD - Carcinogenesis and Metabolism Branch, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 347 EP - 361 VL - 298 SN - 0361-7742, 0361-7742 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Predictive Value of Tests KW - Mice KW - Skin Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Lung Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Environmental Pollution -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79100081?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Progress+in+clinical+and+biological+research&rft.atitle=Mouse+skin+tumors+as+predictors+of+human+lung+cancer+for+complex+emissions%3A+an+overview.&rft.au=Nesnow%2C+S&rft.aulast=Nesnow&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=298&rft.issue=&rft.spage=347&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Progress+in+clinical+and+biological+research&rft.issn=03617742&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-08-25 N1 - Date created - 1989-08-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Perspectives on the concern for and management of prenatal chemical exposure and postnatal effects. AN - 79064547; 2742267 JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Kimmel, C A AD - Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460. Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 1 EP - 2 VL - 562 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Teratogens KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Fetus -- drug effects KW - Humans KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Substance-Related Disorders UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79064547?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Perspectives+on+the+concern+for+and+management+of+prenatal+chemical+exposure+and+postnatal+effects.&rft.au=Kimmel%2C+C+A&rft.aulast=Kimmel&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=562&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-07-28 N1 - Date created - 1989-07-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxicology of complex mixtures of indoor air pollutants. AN - 79042237; 2658776 JF - Annual review of pharmacology and toxicology AU - Lewtas, J AD - Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 415 EP - 439 VL - 29 SN - 0362-1642, 0362-1642 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Drug Interactions KW - Humans KW - Air Pollutants -- analysis KW - Air Pollutants -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79042237?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+review+of+pharmacology+and+toxicology&rft.atitle=Toxicology+of+complex+mixtures+of+indoor+air+pollutants.&rft.au=Lewtas%2C+J&rft.aulast=Lewtas&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=&rft.spage=415&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annual+review+of+pharmacology+and+toxicology&rft.issn=03621642&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-06-26 N1 - Date created - 1989-06-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A QSAR study of Overton's tadpole data. AN - 79020738; 2726885 JF - Progress in clinical and biological research AU - Lipnick, R L AD - Office of Toxic Substances, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460. Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 421 EP - 424 VL - 291 SN - 0361-7742, 0361-7742 KW - Hypnotics and Sedatives KW - 0 KW - Narcotics KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Hypnotics and Sedatives -- pharmacology KW - Structure-Activity Relationship KW - Models, Theoretical KW - Models, Statistical KW - Narcotics -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79020738?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Progress+in+clinical+and+biological+research&rft.atitle=A+QSAR+study+of+Overton%27s+tadpole+data.&rft.au=Lipnick%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Lipnick&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=291&rft.issue=&rft.spage=421&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Progress+in+clinical+and+biological+research&rft.issn=03617742&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-06-30 N1 - Date created - 1989-06-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chloroform-induced multiple forms of ornithine decarboxylase: differential sensitivity of forms to enhancement by diethyl maleate and inhibition by ODC-antizyme. AN - 79019416; 2724368 AB - The role of glutathione (GSH) and ornithine decarboxylase-antizyme (ODC-AZ) in the regulation of the chloroform-mediated stimulation of rat hepatic ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) was investigated. We have previously implicated roles for each while examining the chloroform effect on crude cytosolic enzyme preparations. In this study we examined the effect of pretreatment with diethyl maleate (DEM), a GSH-depleting agent, on the chloroform stimulation of the two forms of the rat hepatic ODC enzyme and the sensitivity of these two forms to inhibition by the ODC-AZ. While the pretreatment with DEM provided a greater amount of the two forms of the ODC enzyme, it also resulted in a differential stimulation of each form when compared to chloroform alone. Additionally, Peak II was 20-25% more sensitive to the same amount of ODC-AZ then Peak I ODC activity. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health AU - Savage, R E AU - Nofzinger, K AU - Bedell, C AU - DeAngelo, A B AU - Pereira, M A AD - Bioassay Branch, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio. Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 57 EP - 64 VL - 27 IS - 1 SN - 0098-4108, 0098-4108 KW - Maleates KW - 0 KW - Ornithine Decarboxylase Inhibitors KW - Proteins KW - ornithine decarboxylase antizyme KW - Chloroform KW - 7V31YC746X KW - diethyl maleate KW - AK5N1DQX7U KW - Ornithine Decarboxylase KW - EC 4.1.1.17 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Drug Interactions KW - Chromatography, Ion Exchange KW - Male KW - Ornithine Decarboxylase -- metabolism KW - Maleates -- pharmacology KW - Liver -- enzymology KW - Chloroform -- pharmacology KW - Proteins -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79019416?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health&rft.atitle=Chloroform-induced+multiple+forms+of+ornithine+decarboxylase%3A+differential+sensitivity+of+forms+to+enhancement+by+diethyl+maleate+and+inhibition+by+ODC-antizyme.&rft.au=Savage%2C+R+E%3BNofzinger%2C+K%3BBedell%2C+C%3BDeAngelo%2C+A+B%3BPereira%2C+M+A&rft.aulast=Savage&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=57&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health&rft.issn=00984108&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-06-23 N1 - Date created - 1989-06-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of age-related changes in in vivo and in vitro measures of testicular steroidogenesis after acute cadmium exposure in the Sprague-Dawley rat. AN - 79013875; 2724371 AB - Previous reports have demonstrated that cadmium-(Cd-) induced testicular necrosis is an age-dependent process. However, little information exists on age-related intestitial cell (IC) damage in the rat after acute exposure to Cd. In this study in vitro and in vivo measures of testicular damage were utilized to compare the sensitivity of these measures and to further investigate age-related Cd-induced testicular damage. Testes, epididymides, and seminal vesicle weights, serum testosterone (sT), hCG-stimulated sT, and basal and stimulated IC testosterone (T) production were compared in rats 21 d following an injection of 2 mg Cd/kg at 9, 37, 67, and 97 d of age. The only Cd-related change noted for immature rats was an 84% reduction in sT. In rats injected when 37 d old, hCG-stimulated sT and epididymides and seminal vesicle weights, although depressed, were not significantly altered. However, all other measurements were significantly depressed. All measures of testicular damage were significantly depressed in rats injected at 67 and 97 d of age. Overall, in vitro measures were more sensitive indicators of Cd-induced testicular damage than in vivo measures. However, sT and hCG-stimulated sT appeared to be useful indicators of Cd effects on the pituitary-gonadal axis. ICs from immature rats (9 d old) were unaffected by Cd exposure, while stimulated T reproduction in ICs from 37-, 67-, and 97-d-old animals was reduced at least 50%. The severity of Cd-induced testicular damage increased with age for all variables measured. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health AU - Phelps, P V AU - Laskey, J W AD - Reproductive Toxicology Branch, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 95 EP - 105 VL - 27 IS - 1 SN - 0098-4108, 0098-4108 KW - Cadmium KW - 00BH33GNGH KW - Testosterone KW - 3XMK78S47O KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats, Inbred Strains KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Random Allocation KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Aging -- physiology KW - Testis -- physiopathology KW - Testis -- drug effects KW - Testosterone -- blood KW - Cadmium -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79013875?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+age-related+changes+in+in+vivo+and+in+vitro+measures+of+testicular+steroidogenesis+after+acute+cadmium+exposure+in+the+Sprague-Dawley+rat.&rft.au=Phelps%2C+P+V%3BLaskey%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Phelps&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=95&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health&rft.issn=00984108&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-06-23 N1 - Date created - 1989-06-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biochemical effects of three carcinogenic chlorinated methanes in rat liver. AN - 78997702; 2567070 AB - Three chlorinated methanes, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, and methylene chloride, known to cause liver tumors in rodents, were given by oral gavage to adult female rats both 21 h and 4 h before sacrifice. Then hepatic DNA damage, ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), cytochrome P-450, glutathione content, and serum alanine aminotransferase (SGPT) activity assays were performed. Carbon tetrachloride increased rat hepatic ODC activity and decreased cytochrome P-450 content at doses both below and above cytotoxicity (as measured by increased SGPT activity). At 54 and 160 mg/kg, chloroform increased hepatic ODC activity with minimal or no elevation in SGPT activity. At 480 mg/kg chloroform increased hepatic ODC and SGPT activity. A dose of 1,275 mg/kg methylene chloride caused a small, but significant amount of hepatic DNA damage. When these three compounds are compared on either an equimolar or equitoxic (1/5 LD50) basis, their ability to induce hepatic ODC or increase SGPT activity was carbon tetrachloride greater than chloroform greater than methylene chloride. The results of this biochemical study are interpreted with respect to the ability of chemicals to cause hepatic cancer by either genetic or epigenetic mechanisms. JF - Teratogenesis, carcinogenesis, and mutagenesis AU - Kitchin, K T AU - Brown, J L AD - Environmental Toxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27211. Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 61 EP - 69 VL - 9 IS - 1 SN - 0270-3211, 0270-3211 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated KW - Methylene Chloride KW - 588X2YUY0A KW - Chloroform KW - 7V31YC746X KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System KW - 9035-51-2 KW - Carbon Tetrachloride KW - CL2T97X0V0 KW - Alanine Transaminase KW - EC 2.6.1.2 KW - Ornithine Decarboxylase KW - EC 4.1.1.17 KW - Glutathione KW - GAN16C9B8O KW - Index Medicus KW - Administration, Oral KW - Carbon Tetrachloride -- administration & dosage KW - Animals KW - Chloroform -- administration & dosage KW - DNA Damage KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Glutathione -- metabolism KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System -- metabolism KW - Carbon Tetrachloride -- toxicity KW - Rats, Inbred Strains KW - Rats KW - Ornithine Decarboxylase -- metabolism KW - Alanine Transaminase -- blood KW - Methylene Chloride -- toxicity KW - Lethal Dose 50 KW - Carcinogenicity Tests KW - Chloroform -- toxicity KW - Methylene Chloride -- administration & dosage KW - Female KW - Liver -- ultrastructure KW - Liver -- enzymology KW - Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated -- toxicity KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78997702?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Teratogenesis%2C+carcinogenesis%2C+and+mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Biochemical+effects+of+three+carcinogenic+chlorinated+methanes+in+rat+liver.&rft.au=Kitchin%2C+K+T%3BBrown%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Kitchin&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=61&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Teratogenesis%2C+carcinogenesis%2C+and+mutagenesis&rft.issn=02703211&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-06-23 N1 - Date created - 1989-06-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Temperature regulation following nickel intoxication in the mouse: effect of ambient temperature. AN - 78983065; 2566448 AB - 1. The purpose of this study was to examine the interaction between ambient temperature (Ta) and the effects of nickel chloride on the thermoregulatory system of the mouse. 2. Male mice of the BALB/c strain were injected with nickel chloride at dosages of 0, 0.1, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 mg/kg intraperitoneally and placed in an environmental chamber set at a Ta of either 10, 20, 30 or 35 degrees C for 60 min. Colonic temperature was then measured after one hour of exposure at a given Ta. 3. The thermoregulatory effects of nickel chloride were highly dependent on Ta. Nickel chloride had no effect on body temperature at Ta's of 30 and 35 degrees C. 4. 10 mg/kg dosage of nickel chloride caused a significant reduction in colonic temperature at a Ta of 20 degrees C. At a Ta of 10 degrees C the 5 and 10 mg/kg dosages of nickel chloride caused a significant lowering of body temperature. 5. Using segmented linear regression techniques it was shown that the threshold dose of nickel chloride for causing hypothermia was 9.6 and 3.3 mg/kg at Ta's of 20 and 10 degrees C, respectively. 6. This study has shown that two stressors, low Ta and nickel chloride intoxication, when applied independently have no effect on body temperature; however, when applied simultaneously, they have a significant toxic effect on thermoregulation. JF - Comparative biochemistry and physiology. C, Comparative pharmacology and toxicology AU - Gordon, C J AU - Fogelson, L AU - Stead, A G AD - Neurotoxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 73 EP - 76 VL - 92 IS - 1 SN - 0742-8413, 0742-8413 KW - Nickel KW - 7OV03QG267 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Mice KW - Mice, Inbred BALB C KW - Male KW - Body Temperature Regulation -- drug effects KW - Temperature KW - Nickel -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78983065?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Comparative+biochemistry+and+physiology.+C%2C+Comparative+pharmacology+and+toxicology&rft.atitle=Temperature+regulation+following+nickel+intoxication+in+the+mouse%3A+effect+of+ambient+temperature.&rft.au=Gordon%2C+C+J%3BFogelson%2C+L%3BStead%2C+A+G&rft.aulast=Gordon&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=73&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Comparative+biochemistry+and+physiology.+C%2C+Comparative+pharmacology+and+toxicology&rft.issn=07428413&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-06-28 N1 - Date created - 1989-06-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evidence for monoaminergic involvement in triadimefon-induced hyperactivity. AN - 78956108; 2497480 AB - Triadimefon is a triazole fungicide that produces hyperactivity in both mice and rats similar to that seen following administration of compounds with catecholaminergic activity (e.g., d-amphetamine). To determine whether the triadimefon-induced hyperactivity is due to an action on CNS catecholaminergic systems, we evaluated the effects of combined treatment of triadimefon with either the tyrosine hydroxylase inhibitor d,l-alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine methyl ester HCl (alpha MPT) or the amine depletor reserpine. Adult male Long-Evans hooded rats, approximately 70 days of age were used. Dosage-effect functions were determined for alpha MPT (0-200 mg/kg IP), reserpine (0-2.5 mg/kg IP), d-amphetamine (0-3 mg/kg IP), and methylphenidate (0-40 mg/kg IP). Motor activity was measured as photocell interruptions in figure-eight mazes. The interaction between triadimefon and alpha MPT was determined with the following groups: 1) vehicle control; 2) 200 mg/kg triadimefon PO; 3) 100 mg/kg alpha MPT; and 4) both alpha MPT and triadimefon. A similar design was used to determine the interaction between triadimefon and reserpine (0.62 mg/kg), alpha MPT and d-amphetamine (1.5 mg/kg), and reserpine and methylphenidate (5.0 mg/kg). In the first experiment alpha MPT did not block the increased motor activity produced by triadimefon (i.e., both triadimefon alone and alpha MPT in combination with triadimefon produced significant increases in motor activity). alpha MPT did, however, block d-amphetamine-induced hyperactivity. Since alpha MPT did not antagonize the effect of triadimefon, these data suggest that increased motor activity produced by triadimefon is not mediated through release of newly synthesized catecholamines.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Psychopharmacology AU - Crofton, K M AU - Boncek, V M AU - MacPhail, R C AD - Neurotoxicology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 326 EP - 330 VL - 97 IS - 3 SN - 0033-3158, 0033-3158 KW - Biogenic Monoamines KW - 0 KW - Fungicides, Industrial KW - Methyltyrosines KW - Triazoles KW - triadimefon KW - 1HW039CJF0 KW - Methylphenidate KW - 207ZZ9QZ49 KW - alpha-Methyltyrosine KW - 658-48-0 KW - Reserpine KW - 8B1QWR724A KW - Dextroamphetamine KW - TZ47U051FI KW - Index Medicus KW - Reserpine -- pharmacology KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Methyltyrosines -- pharmacology KW - Methylphenidate -- pharmacology KW - Male KW - Dextroamphetamine -- pharmacology KW - Biogenic Monoamines -- physiology KW - Motor Activity -- drug effects KW - Triazoles -- pharmacology KW - Fungicides, Industrial -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78956108?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Psychopharmacology&rft.atitle=Evidence+for+monoaminergic+involvement+in+triadimefon-induced+hyperactivity.&rft.au=Crofton%2C+K+M%3BBoncek%2C+V+M%3BMacPhail%2C+R+C&rft.aulast=Crofton&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=97&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=326&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Psychopharmacology&rft.issn=00333158&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-06-15 N1 - Date created - 1989-06-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In situ assessment of genotoxic hazards of environmental pollution. AN - 78952731; 2655178 AB - The potential impact of the environmental pollutants on human health can be evaluated by the laboratory analysis of the environmental samples or by the measurement of the biological effects on indigenous populations and/or specific test organisms placed in the environment to be monitored. A canary in a cage, used by 19th century miners as a biological indicator for rising levels of toxic gases, is a classical example of in situ hazard identification. The induced toxic effects are often the result of synergistic and antagonistic interactions among various physical and chemical factors that are difficult to reproduce in the laboratory. Therefore, conceivably the biological effects measured on or near the impacted site have greater relevancy for hazard assessment to man than from the data derived from the environmental samples analyzed in the lab. The organisms most commonly employed for the assessment of mutagenicity under real-world conditions are: (1) flowering plants, (2) wild and captive mammals, and (3) aquatic vertebrates. Plant species such as Tradescantia paludosa, Zea mays, and Osmunda regalis have been used for monitoring ambient air quality around several major industrial cities in the U.S.A., nuclear power plants, and industrial waste sites, and also for the assessment of potential health effects of municipal sewage sludges. Domestic animals such as dogs can be used as sentinels to provide information on the effects of contaminants in the environment and have been used to a limited extent to evaluate the environmental influences on the occurrence of breast cancer and osteosarcoma. Cytogenetic analysis from feral and wild animals has been employed for assessing the health hazards and prioritizing the clean-up efforts at hazardous waste sites. Aquatic animals have been used more often than terrestrial animals or plants to identify and characterize the genotoxic effects of environmental pollution. Since 1970, a number of studies has been reported on the mutagenic and neoplastic effects on aquatic animals from coastal areas and continental rivers, lakes, and ponds. The limitations of in situ environmental assessment are lack of control over the physical environmental components, inherent variability and interactions of test organisms, lack of control of exposure doses, and difficulty of finding concurrent experimental controls. Nevertheless, flowering plants, terrestrial, and aquatic animals may serve as useful sentinels and biomarkers of environmental pollution. JF - Toxicology and industrial health AU - Sandhu, S S AU - Lower, W R AD - Genetic Toxicology Division, Health Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. Y1 - 1989/01// PY - 1989 DA - January 1989 SP - 73 EP - 83 VL - 5 IS - 1 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - Mutagens KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Plants -- genetics KW - Mammals -- genetics KW - Fishes -- genetics KW - Mutagens -- analysis KW - Environmental Pollution -- analysis KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78952731?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.atitle=In+situ+assessment+of+genotoxic+hazards+of+environmental+pollution.&rft.au=Sandhu%2C+S+S%3BLower%2C+W+R&rft.aulast=Sandhu&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=73&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-06-22 N1 - Date created - 1989-06-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multiple power-density windows and their possible origin. AN - 78936394; 2540755 AB - We have previously reported that in vitro exposure of chick forebrain tissue to 50-MHz radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic radiation, amplitude modulated (AM) at 16 Hz, would enhance the efflux of calcium ions within only two power-density ranges: one from 1.44 to 1.67 mW/cm2, and the other including 3.64 mW/cm2. No effect on efflux occurred at 0.37, 0.72, 2.17, and 4.32 mW/cm2. We confirmed and extended these results by testing at another set of power densities, which included the range of the previous study. Forebrain tissue from 1-7-day-old chickens was labeled in vitro with radioactive calcium ions (30 min, at 37 degrees C), rinsed, placed in a physiological salt solution, and then exposed for 20 min to 50-MHz radiation, AM at 16 Hz, in a transverse electric and magnetic field (TEM) cell maintained at 37 degrees C. The solution was then assayed for radioactive calcium activity. A power-density series was tested. An enhanced efflux of calcium ions was found at 1.75, 3.85, 5.57, 6.82, 7.65, 7.77, and 8.82 mW/cm2; no change was observed at 0.75, 2.30, 4.50, 5.85, 7.08, 8.19, 8.66, 10.6, and 14.7 mW/cm2. Power density is converted to specific absorption rate (SAR) by 0.36 mW/kg per mW/cm2. Even the highest SAR tested (0.005 W/kg) is much too low to result in generalized heating of the sample and thus to be the underlying cause of the enhanced response. A hypothetical mechanism is proposed involving dynamic systems that may account for the power-density dependency as well as for part of the frequency dependency observed with both modulated RF radiation and extremely-low-frequency (ELF) fields. JF - Bioelectromagnetics AU - Blackman, C F AU - Kinney, L S AU - House, D E AU - Joines, W T AD - Health Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 115 EP - 128 VL - 10 IS - 2 SN - 0197-8462, 0197-8462 KW - Calcium Channels KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Radio Waves KW - Animals KW - Chickens KW - In Vitro Techniques KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation KW - Calcium Channels -- radiation effects KW - Radiation KW - Brain -- radiation effects KW - Brain -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78936394?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bioelectromagnetics&rft.atitle=Multiple+power-density+windows+and+their+possible+origin.&rft.au=Blackman%2C+C+F%3BKinney%2C+L+S%3BHouse%2C+D+E%3BJoines%2C+W+T&rft.aulast=Blackman&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=115&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bioelectromagnetics&rft.issn=01978462&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-06-08 N1 - Date created - 1989-06-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Investigations of amitraz neurotoxicity in rats. III. Effects on motor activity and inhibition of monoamine oxidase. AN - 78891879; 2925011 AB - The formamidine pesticide amitraz (AMZ) produces many behavioral and physiological changes in rats. We examined the dose effect and time course of AMZ on motor activity, monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity to evaluate possible neurochemical mechanisms for the behavioral effects of AMZ. For motor activity studies, male Long-Evans hooded rats were tested in photocell activity measurement devices. AMZ produced dose-related decreases in motor activity of rats allowed free access to food and rats maintained at a stable body weight through food restriction. Lowest effective doses of AMZ tested were 1-3 mg/kg, administered 20 min before testing. AMZ appeared to be about three times more potent in food-restricted rats, indicating that amount of body fat may play a significant role in the pharmacokinetics of AMZ. Motor activity returned to control levels over 4-5 days after dosing with 100-200 mg/kg AMZ, whereas recovery was evident the day after administration of low doses (1-30 mg/kg). Inhibition of MAO was measured in whole brain of rats sacrificed at various times after dosing with AMZ. Only greater than or equal to 100 mg/kg AMZ inhibited MAO, which was measurable within 2 hr of dosing and lasted up to 7 days. AMZ appeared to be more selective for type B MAO when given in vivo, although MAO-A was also inhibited at doses greater than or equal to 300 mg/kg. However, no selectivity was indicated by the IC50 values determined in vitro (IC50 = 31 and 28 microM for MAO-A and MAO-B, respectively). AMZ produced only negligible inhibition of AChE at the highest doses administered in vivo or at 10 mM in vitro. These data indicate that while AMZ does inhibit MAO, the dose range over which it produces this action is much higher than that which suppressed motor activity. Thus MAO inhibition is probably not responsible for AMZ-induced alterations in motor activity. JF - Fundamental and applied toxicology : official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Moser, V C AU - MacPhail, R C AD - Neurotoxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1989/01// PY - 1989 DA - January 1989 SP - 12 EP - 22 VL - 12 IS - 1 SN - 0272-0590, 0272-0590 KW - Insect Repellents KW - 0 KW - Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors KW - Toluidines KW - amitraz KW - 33IAH5017S KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - In Vitro Techniques KW - Male KW - Nervous System -- drug effects KW - Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors -- toxicity KW - Motor Activity -- drug effects KW - Insect Repellents -- toxicity KW - Toluidines -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78891879?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fundamental+and+applied+toxicology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Investigations+of+amitraz+neurotoxicity+in+rats.+III.+Effects+on+motor+activity+and+inhibition+of+monoamine+oxidase.&rft.au=Moser%2C+V+C%3BMacPhail%2C+R+C&rft.aulast=Moser&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=12&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fundamental+and+applied+toxicology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=02720590&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-05-01 N1 - Date created - 1989-05-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A dose-response analysis of methoxychlor-induced alterations of reproductive development and function in the rat. AN - 78872198; 2925022 AB - In the present study rats were dosed from weaning, through puberty and gestation, to Day 15 of lactation with methoxychlor at 25, 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg/day. Morphological landmarks of puberty were measured, including the ages at vaginal opening, first estrus, and first estrous cycle in females and at preputial separation in males. In the female, estrous cyclicity, fertility, litter size, number of implantation sites, organ weights, and ovarian and uterine histology were also measured. The viability of the offspring (F1) and their fertility were evaluated using a continuous breeding protocol. Males were necropsied after breeding, the reproductive organs were weighed, and the cauda epididymal sperm counts were determined. One testis was used for histopathology, while the other was used to quantify interstitial fluid (IF) content, IF testosterone concentration, and testicular sperm production. Testosterone and androgen-binding protein were measured in the caput epididymis, and sperm motility and morphology were evaluated from a caudal sample. The serum and pituitary were saved for hormonal determinations. Methoxychlor accelerated the age at vaginal opening and first estrus, and the vaginal smears were cornified. Growth was retarded at 100 and 200 mg/kg/day and fertility was reduced when the females were bred with untreated or similarly treated males. In the highest-dose group, the mated females went from constant estrus into pseudopregnancy following mating, but they had no implants. In males, methoxychlor treatment markedly reduced growth, seminal vesicle weight, cauda epididymal weight, caudal sperm content, and pituitary weight. Puberty was delayed in the two highest-dosage groups. Testicular sperm measures were much less affected than caudal measures. Testis weight and histology were slightly affected, and testicular sperm production, sperm morphology, and motility were unaffected. Endocrine function of the testes and pituitary was altered by methoxychlor administration. Leydig cell testosterone production, in response to human chorionic gonadotropin challenge, was reduced and pituitary levels of prolactin, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were altered. In contrast, serum levels of prolactin, FSH, and luteinizing hormone were unaffected. Serum TSH was reduced by 50% of control at 100 and 200 mg/kg/day, while pituitary levels were increased. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone concentration in the mediobasal hypothalamus was also elevated. In spite of the many reproductive alterations, the fertility of treated males was not reduced when they were mated with untreated females.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) JF - Fundamental and applied toxicology : official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Gray, L E AU - Ostby, J AU - Ferrell, J AU - Rehnberg, G AU - Linder, R AU - Cooper, R AU - Goldman, J AU - Slott, V AU - Laskey, J AD - Reproductive Toxicology Branch, DCTD, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1989/01// PY - 1989 DA - January 1989 SP - 92 EP - 108 VL - 12 IS - 1 SN - 0272-0590, 0272-0590 KW - Pituitary Hormones, Anterior KW - 0 KW - Testicular Hormones KW - Methoxychlor KW - RIA79UD69L KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Pituitary Hormones, Anterior -- metabolism KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Testicular Hormones -- metabolism KW - Male KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Reproduction -- drug effects KW - Spermatogenesis -- drug effects KW - Estrus -- drug effects KW - Methoxychlor -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78872198?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fundamental+and+applied+toxicology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=A+dose-response+analysis+of+methoxychlor-induced+alterations+of+reproductive+development+and+function+in+the+rat.&rft.au=Gray%2C+L+E%3BOstby%2C+J%3BFerrell%2C+J%3BRehnberg%2C+G%3BLinder%2C+R%3BCooper%2C+R%3BGoldman%2C+J%3BSlott%2C+V%3BLaskey%2C+J&rft.aulast=Gray&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=92&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fundamental+and+applied+toxicology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=02720590&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-05-01 N1 - Date created - 1989-05-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Y-79 retinoblastoma cells: isolation and characterization of clonal lineages. AN - 78870859; 2537744 AB - Y-79 cells are generally undifferentiated, but can be induced to express characteristics of various retinal cell types. Since specific changes occur in only low percentages of cells, it has not been clear whether different agents select different lineages, or if the same cells are differentially responsive. In order to answer this question, we isolated 16 clonal lineages and characterized their responses to various treatment regimes. Dibutyryl cyclic AMP (4 mM) had little effect on cell viability, but treatment with butyrate (1 mM), caused mortality ranging from 20 to 84%. Laminin (100 micrograms ml-1) did not decrease cell growth, and in some cases increased it. The frequency of attachment to a laminin-coated substrate also varied between clones. Comparison of the results for each clone, under all these conditions, indicated that the parental Y-79 line contains at least two different cell types. On the other hand, no obvious differences were found between clones in the morphological changes induced by different agents, evidencing the very plastic nature of Y-79 cells. JF - Experimental eye research AU - Campbell, M A AU - Karras, P AU - Chader, G J AD - Toxic Effects Branch, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460. Y1 - 1989/01// PY - 1989 DA - January 1989 SP - 77 EP - 85 VL - 48 IS - 1 SN - 0014-4835, 0014-4835 KW - Butyrates KW - 0 KW - Laminin KW - Butyric Acid KW - 107-92-6 KW - Bucladesine KW - 63X7MBT2LQ KW - Index Medicus KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured KW - Cell Survival -- drug effects KW - Cell Count KW - Humans KW - Butyrates -- pharmacology KW - Mitosis -- drug effects KW - Laminin -- pharmacology KW - Bucladesine -- pharmacology KW - Time Factors KW - Cell Line KW - Eye Neoplasms -- pathology KW - Retinoblastoma -- pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78870859?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Experimental+eye+research&rft.atitle=Y-79+retinoblastoma+cells%3A+isolation+and+characterization+of+clonal+lineages.&rft.au=Campbell%2C+M+A%3BKarras%2C+P%3BChader%2C+G+J&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=77&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Experimental+eye+research&rft.issn=00144835&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-04-14 N1 - Date created - 1989-04-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mutagenicity of nitro compounds in Salmonella typhimurium in the presence of flavin mononucleotide in a preincubation assay. AN - 78848764; 2645131 AB - A series of nitro compounds (18 aromatic and one aliphatic) was evaluated using a modification of the standard Salmonella typhimurium mutagenicity assay. A preincubation protocol was used with flavin mononucleotide (FMN) incorporated into the assay mixture to facilitate nitro reduction. Several aromatic nitro compounds (m-nitroaniline, p-nitroaniline, 2,6-dinitrotoluene, 2,4-dinitrotoluene,2,3-dinitrotoluene,1,8-dinitronaphthalene), which were negative or only weakly mutagenic when tested in the standard plate incorporation assay, showed FMN-dependent mutagenic responses with this procedure. For some nitro compounds, the addition of FMN was not needed for the detection of mutagenicity in the modified protocol. Not all nitro compounds were positive using the preincubation procedure with FMN. The lack of mutagenicity, however, does not appear to be the result of the inability of the modified method to reduce nitro compounds, since it was found that reduction does occur under the assay conditions for the two nonmutagens evaluated for nitro reduction (nitrobenzene and p-nitrophenol). It is suggested that the modified protocol may be useful for evaluating the mutagenicity of many nitro compounds. JF - Environmental and molecular mutagenesis AU - Dellarco, V L AU - Prival, M J AD - Reproductive Effects Assessment Group, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460. Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 116 EP - 127 VL - 13 IS - 2 SN - 0893-6692, 0893-6692 KW - Aniline Compounds KW - 0 KW - Anisoles KW - Dinitrobenzenes KW - Nitro Compounds KW - Nitrobenzoates KW - nitroaniline KW - 29757-24-2 KW - Flavin Mononucleotide KW - 7N464URE7E KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Aniline Compounds -- pharmacology KW - Chemistry KW - Nitrobenzoates -- toxicity KW - Aniline Compounds -- toxicity KW - Anisoles -- toxicity KW - Dinitrobenzenes -- toxicity KW - Structure-Activity Relationship KW - Rats KW - Oxidation-Reduction KW - Mutagenicity Tests KW - Nitrobenzoates -- pharmacology KW - Chemical Phenomena KW - Isomerism KW - Liver KW - Anisoles -- pharmacology KW - Dinitrobenzenes -- pharmacology KW - Nitro Compounds -- toxicity KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- drug effects KW - Nitro Compounds -- pharmacology KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- genetics KW - Mutation KW - Flavin Mononucleotide -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78848764?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Mutagenicity+of+nitro+compounds+in+Salmonella+typhimurium+in+the+presence+of+flavin+mononucleotide+in+a+preincubation+assay.&rft.au=Dellarco%2C+V+L%3BPrival%2C+M+J&rft.aulast=Dellarco&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=116&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.issn=08936692&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-03-27 N1 - Date created - 1989-03-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prenatal or postnatal exposure to bis(tri-n-butyltin)oxide in the rat: postnatal evaluation of teratology and behavior. AN - 78846320; 2916230 AB - The results of a series of screening tests to determine the potential teratogenicity and neurotoxicity of developmental exposure to TBTO in rats are presented in this paper. For prenatal exposure, pregnant Long Evans rats were intubated with 0-16 mg/kg/day bis(tri-n-butyltin)oxide TBTO from Days 6 to 20 of gestation (GD 6-20). For postnatal exposure, rat pups were intubated with 0-60 mg/kg TBTO on Postnatal Day 5 (PND 5). Following prenatal exposure, dams were allowed to litter and pups were evaluated using a postnatal teratology screen. Postnatal evaluation for both exposures included motor activity (PND 13-64), the acoustic startle response (PND 22-78), growth, and brain weight. The maximally tolerated dose (MTD) in pregnant rats was 5 mg/kg/day, which is one-third the MTD in nonpregnant rats. There were decreased numbers of live births, and decreased growth and viability at dosages greater than or equal to 10 mg/kg/day. Cleft palate was found in 3% of the 12 mg/kg/day group. There was mortality following postnatal exposure to 60 mg/kg and all prenatal dosages greater than or equal to 10 mg/kg/day. Preweaning body weight was significantly decreased for all postnatal dosages, and all prenatal dosages greater than 2.5 mg/kg/day. Body weight reductions persisted to the postweaning period only in the high dose groups (10 mg/kg/day and 60 mg/kg). Behavioral evaluation demonstrated transient alterations in motor activity development (prenatal exposure only) and the acoustic startle response (postnatal exposure only). Persistent behavioral effects were observed only at dosages that produced overt maternal toxicity and/or postnatal mortality. The demonstration of the teratogenic and neurotoxic potential of TBTO in rats is confounded by associated maternal toxicity and/or pup mortality. JF - Toxicology and applied pharmacology AU - Crofton, K M AU - Dean, K F AU - Boncek, V M AU - Rosen, M B AU - Sheets, L P AU - Chernoff, N AU - Reiter, L W AD - Neurotoxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1989/01// PY - 1989 DA - January 1989 SP - 113 EP - 123 VL - 97 IS - 1 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - Trialkyltin Compounds KW - 0 KW - bis(tri-n-butyltin)oxide KW - 3353Q84MKM KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Litter Size -- drug effects KW - Reflex, Startle -- drug effects KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Birth Weight -- drug effects KW - Pregnancy KW - Sexual Maturation -- drug effects KW - Rats KW - Rats, Inbred Strains KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Motor Activity -- drug effects KW - Female KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Maternal-Fetal Exchange KW - Behavior, Animal -- drug effects KW - Trialkyltin Compounds -- administration & dosage KW - Trialkyltin Compounds -- toxicity KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects KW - Abnormalities, Drug-Induced -- physiopathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78846320?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Prenatal+or+postnatal+exposure+to+bis%28tri-n-butyltin%29oxide+in+the+rat%3A+postnatal+evaluation+of+teratology+and+behavior.&rft.au=Crofton%2C+K+M%3BDean%2C+K+F%3BBoncek%2C+V+M%3BRosen%2C+M+B%3BSheets%2C+L+P%3BChernoff%2C+N%3BReiter%2C+L+W&rft.aulast=Crofton&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=97&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=113&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-03-23 N1 - Date created - 1989-03-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chromatographic characterization of neurotoxic esterase. AN - 78844003; 2910299 AB - Neurotoxic esterase (neuropathy target enzyme, NTE) is an enzyme whose irreversible inhibition is the apparent first step in the induction of organophosphorus-induced delayed neuropathy. NTE is an integral membrane protein and thus must be solubilized before isolation can be attempted. This study describes solubilization of active chicken brain NTE with the nondenaturing detergent 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate (CHAPS) and characterization of the detergent-solubilized enzyme by gel exclusion chromatography. When detergent-solubilized membranes were chromatographed on Sepharose gel exclusion media, NTE activity eluted with an apparent molecular weight of 880-970 kD. When [3H]diisopropylphosphorofluoridate-radiolabeled membranes and unlabeled microsomal membranes were CHAPS-solubilized, combined and chromatographed on Sepharose 4B, NTE activity coeluted with two radiolabeled proteins (Mr = 148 kD and Mr = 112 kD using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with reducing conditions). Another radiolabeled protein (Mr = 92 kD) coeluted exclusively with inhibitor-resistant esterase activity. This study provides strong evidence that the 148 and 112 kD proteins are subunits of a multicomponent NTE complex. JF - Biochemical pharmacology AU - Pope, C N AU - Padilla, S S AD - Neurotoxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1989/01/01/ PY - 1989 DA - 1989 Jan 01 SP - 181 EP - 188 VL - 38 IS - 1 SN - 0006-2952, 0006-2952 KW - Cholic Acids KW - 0 KW - Organophosphorus Compounds KW - Isoflurophate KW - 12UHW9R67N KW - Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases KW - EC 3.1.1.- KW - neurotoxic esterase KW - 3-((3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonium)-1-propanesulfonate KW - QBP25342AG KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Chickens KW - Isoflurophate -- metabolism KW - Chromatography, Gel KW - Cholic Acids -- pharmacology KW - Organophosphorus Compounds -- toxicity KW - Nervous System Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Molecular Weight KW - Female KW - Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78844003?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemical+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Chromatographic+characterization+of+neurotoxic+esterase.&rft.au=Pope%2C+C+N%3BPadilla%2C+S+S&rft.aulast=Pope&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=181&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biochemical+pharmacology&rft.issn=00062952&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-02-06 N1 - Date created - 1989-02-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Specific-locus mutations induced in eukaryotes (especially mammalian cells) by radiation and chemicals: a perspective. AN - 78819130; 2643030 AB - In the course of discovering the first mutagen (X-rays) just over 60 years ago, Herman J. Muller asked whether X-rays induced single-gene mutations and/or chromosomal (multiple-gene) mutations. To a large extent, his question has set the agenda for mutagenesis research ever since. We explore historically the answers to this question, with special emphasis on recent developments in the field of mammalian cell mutagenesis. Studies indicate that ionizing radiation and many chemical mutagens/carcinogens induce both gene and chromosomal mutations; however, only certain genetic systems permit the recovery and analysis of both classes of mutations. Few chemical mutagens induce only gene mutations in mammalian cells; instead, most mutagens appear to induce both classes of mutations, with chromosomal mutations (especially multilocus deletions) predominating at high doses. These results have implications regarding the mechanisms of mutagenesis, the role of chromosomal mutations in carcinogenesis and hereditary disease, and the type of data required for risk assessment of physical and chemical mutagens/carcinogens. JF - Mutation research AU - DeMarini, D M AU - Brockman, H E AU - de Serres, F J AU - Evans, H H AU - Stankowski, L F AU - Hsie, A W AD - Genetic Toxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1989/01// PY - 1989 DA - January 1989 SP - 11 EP - 29 VL - 220 IS - 1 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Mutagens KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - History of medicine KW - Animals KW - X-Rays KW - Genes -- drug effects KW - Chromosomes -- drug effects KW - Mutagens -- pharmacology KW - Mammals -- genetics KW - Genetics -- history KW - Radiation Genetics KW - Genes -- radiation effects KW - Chromosomes -- radiation effects KW - Mutation KW - Eukaryotic Cells -- cytology KW - Cells -- cytology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78819130?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Specific-locus+mutations+induced+in+eukaryotes+%28especially+mammalian+cells%29+by+radiation+and+chemicals%3A+a+perspective.&rft.au=DeMarini%2C+D+M%3BBrockman%2C+H+E%3Bde+Serres%2C+F+J%3BEvans%2C+H+H%3BStankowski%2C+L+F%3BHsie%2C+A+W&rft.aulast=DeMarini&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=220&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=11&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-02-15 N1 - Date created - 1989-02-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Looking over Industry's Shoulder: An Example of Local Citizen Oversight at a High Tech Hazardous Waste Facility T2 - Rural Sociological Society AN - 61703494; 89S21063 AB - Intense local citizen protest to the operations of a hazardous waste incinerator & repeated violations of environmental regulations by its owner led to an innovative program created by the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency (IEPA) & the Illinois Office of the Attorney General (IOAG). Here, the experimental public oversight program established by a 1988 judicial consent decree between IEPA, IOAG, & the incineration company is described. Seven residents were selected from a group nominated by local black, white, & Hispanic community activists, then trained by IEPA to review facility operations, report their findings, & increase public understanding of hazardous waste management programs. The program challenges included providing technical training to highly motivated but poorly educated citizens, promoting unbiased reactions from previously hostile residents, & encouraging the flow of accurate information to the community. Successes, failures, & new directions are discussed. JF - Rural Sociological Society AU - Luly, Carol (Keri) B. Y1 - 1989///0, PY - 1989 DA - 0, 1989 KW - hazardous waste management, public oversight program, Illinois KW - Toxic Substances KW - Hazards KW - Protest Movements KW - Illinois KW - Wastes KW - Local Politics KW - High Technology Industries KW - Citizen Participation KW - proceeding KW - 2656: environmental interactions; environmental interactions UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61703494?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Rural+Sociological+Society&rft.atitle=Looking+over+Industry%27s+Shoulder%3A+An+Example+of+Local+Citizen+Oversight+at+a+High+Tech+Hazardous+Waste+Facility&rft.au=Luly%2C+Carol+%28Keri%29+B.&rft.aulast=Luly&rft.aufirst=Carol+%28Keri%29&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Rural+Sociological+Society&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2009-03-10 N1 - Publication note - 1989 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - "I Have What in My Backyard?" Some Social and Psychological Implications of the 1986 Superfund Provisions on "Community Right-to-Know" about Hazardous Chemicals in Local Facilities T2 - Rural Sociological Society AN - 61698453; 89S20995 AB - The 1986 legislation reauthorizing the federal Superfund program also contained the "Emergency Planning & Community Right-to-Know Act." This law requires facilities not only to carry out emergency planning (to avert a Bhopal-type accident), but also to notify state & local emergency planning & response officials of the existence in the facility of reportable quantities of a wide range of potentially hazardous substances. In addition, the facilities are required to report annually on their routine & emergency emissions of 300+ toxic chemicals or chemical categories. While it is too soon to tell how large an impact this law may have, analyzed here are some of the likely social, psychological, & political effects of the revelations that may result from the availability of this information to citizens, environmental groups, & local officials. A number of obstacles to widespread dissemination & understanding of the information are also discussed. Finally, some implications for local & national environmental activists are treated. JF - Rural Sociological Society AU - Black, J Stanley Y1 - 1989///0, PY - 1989 DA - 0, 1989 KW - hazardous chemicals, community right-to-know legislation, local implications KW - Toxic Substances KW - Information KW - Psychosocial Factors KW - Human Rights KW - Legislation KW - Chemical Industry KW - proceeding KW - 2656: environmental interactions; environmental interactions UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61698453?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Rural+Sociological+Society&rft.atitle=%22I+Have+What+in+My+Backyard%3F%22+Some+Social+and+Psychological+Implications+of+the+1986+Superfund+Provisions+on+%22Community+Right-to-Know%22+about+Hazardous+Chemicals+in+Local+Facilities&rft.au=Black%2C+J+Stanley&rft.aulast=Black&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Rural+Sociological+Society&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2009-03-10 N1 - Publication note - 1989 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of water-table and depth to water maps for the southeastern United States using a geographic information system AN - 51899987; 2004-006474 JF - Proceedings - Georgia Water Resources Conference AU - Clarke, John S AU - Sorensen, Jerry W AU - Collins, George A2 - Hatcher, Kathryn J. Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 15 EP - 16 PB - University of Georgia, Athens, GA VL - 1989 KW - United States KW - geologic hazards KW - South Carolina KW - mapping KW - information management KW - Alabama KW - ground water KW - data management KW - water table KW - geographic information systems KW - information systems KW - Georgia KW - Atlantic Coastal Plain KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51899987?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+-+Georgia+Water+Resources+Conference&rft.atitle=Development+of+water-table+and+depth+to+water+maps+for+the+southeastern+United+States+using+a+geographic+information+system&rft.au=Clarke%2C+John+S%3BSorensen%2C+Jerry+W%3BCollins%2C+George&rft.aulast=Clarke&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=1989&rft.issue=&rft.spage=15&rft.isbn=0935835016&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+-+Georgia+Water+Resources+Conference&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 1989 Georgia water resources conference N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2004-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 3 N1 - PubXState - GA N1 - Document feature - sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #06269 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Alabama; Atlantic Coastal Plain; data management; geographic information systems; geologic hazards; Georgia; ground water; information management; information systems; mapping; South Carolina; United States; water table ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Impact of warming on sea level AN - 51142778; 2005-032852 AB - The impact of global warming on sea level changes and public policy directions are presented. Paleoclimate changes during ice ages is discussed along with effects such as inudation, erosion, and flooding. (mte) JF - Forum for Applied Research and Public Policy AU - Titus, James G Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 31 EP - 36 PB - University of Tennessee; Energy, Environment, and Resources Center and Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Knoxville, TN VL - 4 IS - 4 SN - 0887-8218, 0887-8218 KW - United States KW - snow cover KW - geologic hazards KW - erosion KW - uplands KW - ice cover KW - global change KW - climate change KW - ice KW - snow KW - West Antarctic ice sheet KW - floods KW - greenhouse effect KW - littoral erosion KW - climate KW - global warming KW - protection KW - marshes KW - Long Beach Island KW - Antarctic ice sheet KW - sea-level changes KW - mires KW - Antarctica KW - wetlands KW - New Jersey KW - 07:Oceanography KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51142778?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forum+for+Applied+Research+and+Public+Policy&rft.atitle=Impact+of+warming+on+sea+level&rft.au=Titus%2C+James+G&rft.aulast=Titus&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=31&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forum+for+Applied+Research+and+Public+Policy&rft.issn=08878218&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2005-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 17 N1 - PubXState - TN N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table, sects. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Antarctic ice sheet; Antarctica; climate; climate change; erosion; floods; geologic hazards; global change; global warming; greenhouse effect; ice; ice cover; littoral erosion; Long Beach Island; marshes; mires; New Jersey; protection; sea-level changes; snow; snow cover; United States; uplands; West Antarctic ice sheet; wetlands ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A sampling method for preventing cross contamination of soil samples obtained from intact cores AN - 50808449; 1989-047635 AB - A subsurface soil sampling method was developed to prevent cross contamination of adjacent soil core samples. This method is useful for conducting remedial investigations of chemically contaminated sites. A method to prevent chemical cross-contamination was developed and validated using Rhodamine B as a surrogate organic chemical contaminant.--Modified journal abstract. JF - Nuclear and Chemical Waste Management (1980-1989) AU - Jackson, Danny R AU - Dragun, James AU - Lawrence, Conrad AU - Lamber, Kurt Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 37 EP - 39 PB - Pergamon, New York, NY VL - 9 IS - 1 SN - 0191-815X, 0191-815X KW - soils KW - morphology KW - soil profiles KW - sampling KW - tracers KW - physical analysis KW - pollution KW - waste disposal KW - analysis KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50808449?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nuclear+and+Chemical+Waste+Management+%281980-1989%29&rft.atitle=A+sampling+method+for+preventing+cross+contamination+of+soil+samples+obtained+from+intact+cores&rft.au=Jackson%2C+Danny+R%3BDragun%2C+James%3BLawrence%2C+Conrad%3BLamber%2C+Kurt&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=Danny&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=37&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nuclear+and+Chemical+Waste+Management+%281980-1989%29&rft.issn=0191815X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1989-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 3 N1 - PubXState - NY N1 - Document feature - 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - analysis; morphology; physical analysis; pollution; sampling; soil profiles; soils; tracers; waste disposal ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fate and transport of chemical contaminant in karst terranes AN - 50552846; 2009-003372 JF - International Geological Congress, Abstracts = Congres Geologique International, Resumes AU - Field, M S AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 PB - [International Geological Congress], [location varies] VL - 28, Vol. 1 KW - transport KW - pollutants KW - sinkholes KW - movement KW - karst hydrology KW - pollution KW - water pollution KW - solution features KW - ground water KW - aquifers KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50552846?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Geological+Congress%2C+Abstracts+%3D+Congres+Geologique+International%2C+Resumes&rft.atitle=Fate+and+transport+of+chemical+contaminant+in+karst+terranes&rft.au=Field%2C+M+S%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Field&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=28%2C+Vol.+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1.483&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Geological+Congress%2C+Abstracts+%3D+Congres+Geologique+International%2C+Resumes&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Twenty-eighth international geological congress N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2009-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - IGABBY N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifers; ground water; karst hydrology; movement; pollutants; pollution; sinkholes; solution features; transport; water pollution ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A late Pleistocene barrier island sequence along the southern Delmarva Peninsula; implications for a high Wisconsin sea level AN - 50550603; 2009-003380 JF - International Geological Congress, Abstracts = Congres Geologique International, Resumes AU - Finkelstein, K AU - Kearney, M S AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 PB - [International Geological Congress], [location varies] VL - 28, Vol. 1 KW - United States KW - isotopes KW - Wisconsinan KW - upper Pleistocene KW - Foraminifera KW - Cenozoic KW - transgression KW - radioactive isotopes KW - pollen KW - carbon KW - miospores KW - Invertebrata KW - Maryland KW - Delmarva Peninsula KW - Atlantic Coastal Plain KW - sequence stratigraphy KW - barrier islands KW - Protista KW - Virginia KW - Quaternary KW - sea-level changes KW - palynomorphs KW - Pleistocene KW - C-14 KW - microfossils KW - 24:Quaternary geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50550603?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Geological+Congress%2C+Abstracts+%3D+Congres+Geologique+International%2C+Resumes&rft.atitle=A+late+Pleistocene+barrier+island+sequence+along+the+southern+Delmarva+Peninsula%3B+implications+for+a+high+Wisconsin+sea+level&rft.au=Finkelstein%2C+K%3BKearney%2C+M+S%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Finkelstein&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=28%2C+Vol.+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1.487&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Geological+Congress%2C+Abstracts+%3D+Congres+Geologique+International%2C+Resumes&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Twenty-eighth international geological congress N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2009-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - IGABBY N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Atlantic Coastal Plain; barrier islands; C-14; carbon; Cenozoic; Delmarva Peninsula; Foraminifera; Invertebrata; isotopes; Maryland; microfossils; miospores; palynomorphs; Pleistocene; pollen; Protista; Quaternary; radioactive isotopes; sea-level changes; sequence stratigraphy; transgression; United States; upper Pleistocene; Virginia; Wisconsinan ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A comprehensive model for capture-zone delineation and particle tracking contaminant transport analysis AN - 50349288; 1993-015684 JF - International Geological Congress, Abstracts--Congres Geologique Internationale, Resumes AU - Huyakorn, P S AU - Carpenter, C C AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 PB - [International Geological Congress], [location varies] VL - 28, vol. 2 KW - particle tracks KW - numerical models KW - pollutants KW - Darcy's law KW - government agencies KW - U. S. Environmental Protection Agency KW - pollution KW - analysis KW - models KW - movement KW - algorithms KW - anisotropy KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50349288?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Geological+Congress%2C+Abstracts--Congres+Geologique+Internationale%2C+Resumes&rft.atitle=A+comprehensive+model+for+capture-zone+delineation+and+particle+tracking+contaminant+transport+analysis&rft.au=Huyakorn%2C+P+S%3BCarpenter%2C+C+C%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Huyakorn&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=28%2C+vol.+2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=2.89&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Geological+Congress%2C+Abstracts--Congres+Geologique+Internationale%2C+Resumes&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 28th international geological congress N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1993-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - IGABBY N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - algorithms; analysis; anisotropy; Darcy's law; government agencies; models; movement; numerical models; particle tracks; pollutants; pollution; U. S. Environmental Protection Agency ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The developmental history of Adirondack (N.Y.) lakes AN - 50297946; 1993-047926 JF - Journal of Paleolimnology AU - Whitehead, Donald R AU - Charles, Donald F AU - Jackson, Stephen T AU - Smol, John P AU - Engstrom, Daniel R Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 185 EP - 206 PB - Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht - Boston - London VL - 2 IS - 3 SN - 0921-2728, 0921-2728 KW - United States KW - thallophytes KW - watersheds KW - vegetation KW - algae KW - paleoclimatology KW - Holocene KW - cores KW - paleoecology KW - Cenozoic KW - Lake Arnold KW - diatoms KW - paleolimnology KW - Heart Lake KW - Chrysophyta KW - pH KW - soils KW - organic materials KW - Plantae KW - Quaternary KW - pigments KW - hydrochemistry KW - organic compounds KW - New York KW - lacustrine environment KW - reconstruction KW - Adirondack Mountains KW - High Peaks KW - 24:Quaternary geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50297946?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Paleolimnology&rft.atitle=The+developmental+history+of+Adirondack+%28N.Y.%29+lakes&rft.au=Whitehead%2C+Donald+R%3BCharles%2C+Donald+F%3BJackson%2C+Stephen+T%3BSmol%2C+John+P%3BEngstrom%2C+Daniel+R&rft.aulast=Whitehead&rft.aufirst=Donald&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=185&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Paleolimnology&rft.issn=09212728&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1993-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 94 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Adirondack Mountains; algae; Cenozoic; Chrysophyta; cores; diatoms; Heart Lake; High Peaks; Holocene; hydrochemistry; lacustrine environment; Lake Arnold; New York; organic compounds; organic materials; paleoclimatology; paleoecology; paleolimnology; pH; pigments; Plantae; Quaternary; reconstruction; soils; thallophytes; United States; vegetation; watersheds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - GIS for Superfund site investigation; the Commencement Bay Project AN - 50289284; 2005-003992 AB - Geographic information systems (GIS) technology was applied at a national priorities list (NPL) superfund site; Commencement Bay in Tacoma, Washington. The application, performed using ARC/INFO, was a demonstration of the technology for EPA Region-10 personnel. Numerous spatial data sets were incorporated into a single GIS database and analyses were performed on these data. The analytic components of the demonstration were centered around the interrogation and display of contaminant sample data gathered during the remedial investigation of the site, and the modelling of drainage flow. Output from the drainage modelling efforts were combined with ownership parcel data and the contaminant distribution investigations to derive information on potential sources of pollution entering the Bay. Recommendations for the use of GIS technology at NPL sites are provided. JF - Proceedings of the Annual ESRI User Conference AU - Dulaney, Richard A AU - Hewitt, Mason J, III AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - Environmental Systems Research Institute, [Redlands, CA] VL - 9 KW - United States KW - digital data KW - spatial data KW - Pierce County Washington KW - ArcGIS KW - data processing KW - environmental analysis KW - remediation KW - Puget Sound KW - geographic information systems KW - transport KW - data bases KW - Superfund sites KW - Tacoma Washington KW - Washington KW - pollutants KW - drainage KW - graphic display KW - arsenic KW - pollution KW - ArcInfo KW - nearshore environment KW - information management KW - metals KW - industrial waste KW - coastal environment KW - information systems KW - waste disposal KW - Commencement Bay KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50289284?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+ESRI+User+Conference&rft.atitle=GIS+for+Superfund+site+investigation%3B+the+Commencement+Bay+Project&rft.au=Dulaney%2C+Richard+A%3BHewitt%2C+Mason+J%2C+III%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Dulaney&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+ESRI+User+Conference&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Ninth annual ESRI user conference N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2005-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 1 N1 - PubXState - CA] N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03391 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - ArcGIS; ArcInfo; arsenic; coastal environment; Commencement Bay; data bases; data processing; digital data; drainage; environmental analysis; geographic information systems; graphic display; industrial waste; information management; information systems; metals; nearshore environment; Pierce County Washington; pollutants; pollution; Puget Sound; remediation; spatial data; Superfund sites; Tacoma Washington; transport; United States; Washington; waste disposal ER - TY - CONF T1 - Municipal wastewater treatment technology transfer activities of the United States Environmental Protection Agency AN - 25294665; 2001-33-002407 (CE); 0101220 (EN) AB - Case studies of three technologies including a plant operations diagnostic/remediation methodology, alternative sewer technologies and ultraviolet disinfection are presented. These case studies are presented retrospectively in the context of a generalized concept of how technology flows from science to utilization which was developed in a study by Allen (1977). Additional insights from this study are presented on the information gathering characteristics of engineers and scientists which may be useful in designing technology transfer programs. The recognition of the need for a technology or a deficiency in current practice are important stimuli other than technology transfer for accelerating the utilization of new technology. JF - WATER SCI TECHNOL AU - Convery, J J AU - Kreissl, J F AU - Venosa, AD AU - Bender, J H AU - Lussier, D J Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 685 EP - 698 PB - I W A PUBLISHING, Alliance House, 12 Caxton St, London, SW1H 0QS, UK, [mailto:publications@iwap.co.uk], [URL:http://www.iwapublishing.com] VL - 21 IS - 6-7 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Technology transfer KW - Diagnostic systems KW - Wastewater treatment KW - New technology KW - Sewers KW - Platinum KW - Remediation KW - EE 452:SEWAGE AND INDUSTRIAL WASTES TREATMENT (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/25294665?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=WATER+SCI+TECHNOL&rft.atitle=Municipal+wastewater+treatment+technology+transfer+activities+of+the+United+States+Environmental+Protection+Agency&rft.au=Convery%2C+J+J%3BKreissl%2C+J+F%3BVenosa%2C+AD%3BBender%2C+J+H%3BLussier%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Convery&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=6-7&rft.spage=685&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=WATER+SCI+TECHNOL&rft.issn=02731223&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-11 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of Expert Systems Technology in Water Quality Modeling AN - 19274307; 8913080 AB - Computerized modeling is becoming an integral part of decision-making in water pollution control. Expert systems is an innovative methodology that can assist in building, using, and interpreting the output of these models. The use of these systems is reviewed and the potential of expert systems technology in environmental modeling is evaluated. Elements of an expert advisor for the stream water quality model QUAL2E is described. Some general conclusions are presented about the tools available to develop this system, the level of available technology in knowledge-based engineering, and the value of approaching problems from a knowledge engineering perspective. Clearly, the application of expert systems technology offers several benefits to environmental modeling. The process of knowledge engineering (the applied side of expert systems) will improve the modeling process by producing a different perspective on modeling and by improving man-machine interaction. The most significant benefit, however, is that expert systems will increase the level of sophistication and proficiency of the average model user. This is done through the extension of the user 's knowledge (although it may be assumed that at least some users, realizing the importance of performance, may become more involved in the modeling process), but by providing users with a better tool that is an extension of QUAL2E. A significant benefit to be gained from the application of this technology to the model developer is a better understanding of the model itself. By approaching the application of the model from the perspective of the knowledge engineer, considerable insight into the model is gained and the codification of rules for application of the model reveals many subtle linkages between inputs that may not be obvious. (Miller-PTT) JF - Water Science and Technology WSTED4 Vol. 21, No. 8/9, p 1045-1056, 1989. 8 fig, 19 ref. AU - Barnwell, TO AU - Brown, L C AU - Marek, W AD - Environmental Protection Agency Athens, GA Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Computer models KW - Water pollution control KW - Water quality KW - Model studies KW - Computers KW - Expert systems KW - Streams KW - Technology KW - Decision making KW - Environmental engineering KW - SW 5080:Evaluation, processing and publication KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19274307?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Application+of+Expert+Systems+Technology+in+Water+Quality+Modeling&rft.au=Barnwell%2C+TO%3BBrown%2C+L+C%3BMarek%2C+W&rft.aulast=Barnwell&rft.aufirst=TO&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Recommended Preparation Procedures for Ground Water Samples Prior to Analysis for Inorganic Constituents AN - 19145558; 9204650 AB - Inadequate and widely varying sample collection procedures have resulted in difficulties in groundwater monitoring data interpretation and the enforcement of regulations. Preliminary draft guidance has been prepared describing recommended preparation procedures for groundwater samples prior to analysis for inorganic constituents. The guidance is meant to apply to source groundwater monitoring investigations. It is recommended that all groundwater samples intended for inorganics determinations be filtered at the well head and analyzed for dissolved concentrations of the constituents of interest. In-line techniques are highly recommended over techniques that require one or more transfers of sampled water prior to the final containerization of the sample. If an in-line method of filtration is not used, filtration should: (1) be performed in a manner that minimizes sample transfers and sample agitation and (2) be driven using inert gas overpressure. Ultimately, these recommendations will be considered for adoption as formal guidance by the Division of Groundwater, Ohio Environmental Protection Agency. (See also W92-04617) (Author's abstract) JF - IN: Proceedings of the Third National Outdoor Action Conference on Aquifer Restoration, Ground Water Monitoring and Geophysical Methods. National Water Well Association, Dublin, Ohio. 1989. p 431-445, 40 ref. AU - Patzke, JA AD - Ohio Environmental Protection Agency, Columbus, Ohio Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - *Groundwater KW - *Laboratory methods KW - *Pollutant identification KW - *Sample preparation KW - *Water analysis KW - Filtration KW - Regulations KW - Well water KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - SW 3010:Identification of pollutants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19145558?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Recommended+Preparation+Procedures+for+Ground+Water+Samples+Prior+to+Analysis+for+Inorganic+Constituents&rft.au=Patzke%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Patzke&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - East Hillsborough County Florida Area Wide Ground Water Contamination Assessment AN - 19137867; 9204652 AB - The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in cooperation with the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) and the State of Florida Department of Health and Rehabilitation Services (FDHRS) conducted a groundwater sampling investigation in eastern Hillsborough County, Florida, from December 1986 through February 1987 to assess the potential for groundwater contamination resulting from the leaching from source areas of organic and inorganic compounds. Historically, the EPA recognizes 13 potential contaminant areas near or adjacent to a Superfund National Priority List site. It was hypothesized that these 13 potential sources and other suspected point sources of contamination were the catalysts for groundwater degradation. Because of the potential for impact to public health and the environment, the EPA, ATSDR, and FDHRS designed an extensive private well sampling effort covering an area of about 20 sq mi. To facilitate rapid turnaround of quantitative data, a mobile laboratory was utilized. As a result of these cooperative efforts, areas of concern were identified quickly using established federal and state Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs). All wells that contained contaminants exceeding EPA or Florida MCLs were resampled for confirmation. The State of Florida subsequently provided water to residences in which contaminant levels exceeded these standards, thus minimizing the impact on the affected populace. This approach serves as an excellent example of alternative methodologies available for quickly assessing the impact of contaminants on large geographical areas. (See also W92-04617) (Author's abstract) JF - IN: Proceedings of the Third National Outdoor Action Conference on Aquifer Restoration, Ground Water Monitoring and Geophysical Methods. National Water Well Association, Dublin, Ohio. 1989. p 463-475, 6 fig, 7 ref. AU - Powell, G AU - Compton, H R AU - Campagna, P AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, Georgia Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - *Drinking water KW - *Florida KW - *Groundwater pollution KW - *Hillsborough County KW - *Pollutant identification KW - *Public health KW - *Water pollution sources KW - Hazardous wastes KW - Sampling KW - Superfund KW - Surveys KW - Wells KW - SW 3010:Identification of pollutants KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19137867?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=East+Hillsborough+County+Florida+Area+Wide+Ground+Water+Contamination+Assessment&rft.au=Powell%2C+G%3BCompton%2C+H+R%3BCampagna%2C+P&rft.aulast=Powell&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Design of a Physical Model of a Water Table Aquifer AN - 19131058; 9204670 AB - A duplicate artificial aquifer system has been constructed using a currently available hydrogeologic model (SUTRA) to establish design criteria. This microcosm was developed to test aquifer restoration scenarios under controlled conditions. Each aquifer is approximately 4.9 m long by 1.2 m wide by 1.2 m in depth. The depth segment is divided into three layers of varying hydrologic properties: a 0.3 m clay bottom layer, a 0.3 m sand aquifer composed of washed sand from a naturally occurring sand aquifer, and a 0.61 m sandy loam vadose zone. A series of salt tracer tests has been initiated using conductivity probes connected to a computerized data collection system. The results of these tests will be used to evaluate the movement of water through the artificial aquifer and to compare these results to those predicted by the design model. These data will be used to restrict the number of samples taken during restoration scenarios to the number that are actually needed to characterize the processes that are occurring. The initial restoration scenario will be to determine nitrate reduction efficiencies of various carbon sources. (See also W92-04617) (Author's abstract) JF - IN: Proceedings of the Third National Outdoor Action Conference on Aquifer Restoration, Ground Water Monitoring and Geophysical Methods. National Water Well Association, Dublin, Ohio. 1989. p 689-703, 12 fig, 3 tab, 28 ref. AU - Beck, F P AU - Walters, D M AU - Short, TE AU - Yates AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Ada, OK 74820 Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - *Aquifer restoration KW - *Aquifers KW - *Artificial aquifers KW - *Hydraulic models KW - *Model studies KW - *Water pollution treatment KW - Chemical tracers KW - Hydraulic design KW - Microcosms KW - Nitrates KW - SUTRA model KW - Salts KW - Vadose zone KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - SW 0840:Groundwater UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19131058?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Design+of+a+Physical+Model+of+a+Water+Table+Aquifer&rft.au=Beck%2C+F+P%3BWalters%2C+D+M%3BShort%2C+TE%3BYates&rft.aulast=Beck&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Plasma Systems AN - 19121839; 9100940 AB - Although plasma arc itself has been successfully applied in the metals industry for many years, application of the plasma arc to hazardous-waste destruction is still in a pilot-scale research stage. Initial test results have shown that the plasma arc is a promising alternative for destruction of difficult to treat wastes such as dioxin-contaminated sludges. The most common method of plasma generation is electrical discharge through a gas. The gas used is relatively unimportant in creating the discharge, but will ultimately affect the products formed. The major components of the process include a liquid-waste feed system, plasma torch, reactor, caustic scrubber, on-line analytical equipment, and flare. The key component is the electrodes to produce the necessary arc. A plasma-arc system generally can destroy hazardous wastes to more than ' six nines ' destruction removal efficiency. Only limited environmental data are currently available, and considerable efforts are still necessary to characterize the environmental effects from plasma-arc application. In evaluating the costs of the process it is necessary to consider the following factors: (1) it is a pyrolysis process, and does not need the energy to heat excess air required by conventional incinerators; (2) a smaller capacity of downstream cleanup systems is needed because no excess air is involved; and (3) the energy source is electricity which is more expensive compared with the oil used to fire incinerators. (See also W91-00900) (White-Reimer-PTT) JF - Standard Handbook of Hazardous Waste Treatment and Disposal. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York. 1989. p 8.169-8.177, 4 fig, 2 tab, 4 ref. AU - Lee, C C AD - Environmental Protection Agency Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Hazardous waste treatment Plasma systems Plasmavarc Waste KW - treatment Design criteria Dioxins Economic aspects Liquid-waste KW - feed system KW - SW 3050:Ultimate disposal of wastes KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19121839?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Plasma+Systems&rft.au=Lee%2C+C+C&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Solidification and Stabilization Technology AN - 19119590; 9100929 AB - Solidification and stabilization (S/S) are treatment processes designed to either improve waste-handling and physical characteristics, decrease surface area across which pollutants can transfer or leach, or limit the solubility of or detoxify the hazardous constituents. Advantages and disadvantages of S/S will vary with the process, the binders, the waste, the site conditions and other unique factors. Solidification and stabilization technology may be characterized by the binder used or by the binding or containment mechanism; or it may be categorized by process type. Binder systems consist of two categories: inorganic and organic. Pollutant binding mechanisms include: sorption, pozzolan reactions, pozzolan-portland cement reactions, thermoplastic microencapsulation, and macroencapsulation. The S/S processing schemes used are in-drum processing, inplant processing, mobile-plant processing, and in situ processing. Factors that affect the selection, design, implementation, and performance of S/S processes and products include treatment objective, waste characteristics, process type and processing requirements, S/S waste-management requirement, regulatory requirements, and economics. As restrictions on landfilling become stronger and wastes are banned from land disposal, S/S technology could potentially be an important alternative technology with a major use being to treat waste in order to make it acceptable for land disposal. Lower permeability, lower contaminate leaching rates, and similar characteristics may make hazardous wastes acceptable for land disposal after stabilization. (See also W91-00900) (White-Reimer-PTT) JF - Standard Handbook of Hazardous Waste Treatment and Disposal. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York. 1989. p 7.85-7.101, 2 fig, 3 tab, 14 ref. AU - Wiles, C C AD - Environmental Protection Agency Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Hazardous waste treatment Physicochemical treatment Waste KW - solidification Waste stabilization Binders Containment KW - mechanisms Design criteria Land disposal Waste management Waste KW - treatment KW - SW 3050:Ultimate disposal of wastes KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19119590?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Solidification+and+Stabilization+Technology&rft.au=Wiles%2C+C+C&rft.aulast=Wiles&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cost Perspectives for Hazardous-Waste Management AN - 19111095; 9100960 AB - The goal of the hazardous-waste generator is to maximize profits given the constraints imposed by environmental regulation. First and foremost management must develop a set of criteria which reflect the firm 's overall goals and objectives. Next, a list of commercially available disposal alternatives must be compiled. Finally, each alternative must be carefully evaluated against the criteria, with this analysis serving as the basis for the final decision. The market for hazardous-waste disposal solutions can be viewed as two distinct submarkets: the on-site waste- disposal market; and the off-site waste-disposal market. In preparing the criteria to be evaluated the following issues must be considered: (1) the waste stream 's physical characteristics; waste disposal methods for other similar wastes; corporate attitudes; the nature of the firms product market; in-house expertise; and public reaction to the disposal. In estimating disposal charges a distinction must be made between cost and price. Costs are those identifiable and accountable expenses incurred in the production of a product or service. Price is a result of the interaction of supply and demand forces in a market. For the firm beginning to investigate the range of market prices, the best source of information, short of obtaining vendor quotes, is through published price information. (See also W91-00900) (White-Reimer-PTT) JF - Standard Handbook of Hazardous Waste Treatment and Disposal. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York. 1989. p 14.11-14.17, 1 tab. AU - Evans, G M AD - Environmental Protection Agency Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Cost allocation Hazardous waste disposal Hazardous wastes Waste KW - management Costs Disposal alternatives Economic aspects KW - SW 3050:Ultimate disposal of wastes KW - SW 4030:Cost allocation, cost sharing, pricing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19111095?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Cost+Perspectives+for+Hazardous-Waste+Management&rft.au=Evans%2C+G+M&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Principal Component Analysis of SO4(2-) Precipitation Concentrations over the Eastern United States AN - 19110788; 9006099 AB - The spatial and temporal variability of sulfate ion concentrations in precipitation over the eastern U.S. during the period 1981-1986 was examined through the use of principal component analysis. Application of Kaiser 's Varimax orthogonal rotation led to the delineation of seven contiguous subregions, each displaying statistically unique sulfate ion concentration characteristics. These seven statistically significant modes of variability, which together accounted for 74.2% of the total variance, corresponded well with major sulfur oxide emission patterns. Examination of the time series associated with each subregion revealed a general seasonality in which periods of high concentrations are more likely during the summer, while periods of low concentration are more likely during the winter. This seasonal cycle, however, was more prevalent in those subregions which contained few major emissions, and was less prevalent and often obscured by perturbations in those subregions which contained major emissions. (Author 's abstract) JF - Atmospheric Environment ATENBP Vol. 23, No. 12, p 2739-2750, 1989. 5 fig, 3 tab, 24 ref. AU - Eder, B K AD - Environmental Protection Agency Research Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure Assessment Lab Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Acid rain KW - Chemistry of precipitation KW - Path of pollutants KW - Principal component analysis KW - Statistics KW - Sulfates KW - Eastern United States KW - Spatial variability KW - Statistical analysis KW - Temporal variability KW - SW 0880:Chemical processes KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19110788?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Principal+Component+Analysis+of+SO4%282-%29+Precipitation+Concentrations+over+the+Eastern+United+States&rft.au=Eder%2C+B+K&rft.aulast=Eder&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Treatment and Containment Technologies AN - 19110391; 9100956 AB - Containment technologies are used to contain waste or contaminated groundwater or to keep uncontaminated water from entering the waste. This is accomplished by three commonly used methods: (1) groundwater pumping, (2) subsurface drains, and (3) low-permeability barriers. One alternative to waste excavation and removal and conventional pump-and-treat methods is to treat wastes in situ. In situ treatment entails the use of chemical or biological agents or physical manipulations which degrade, remove, or immobilize contaminants; methods for delivering solutions to the subsurface; and methods for controlling the spread of contaminants and treatment reagents beyond the treatment zone. In situ treatment processes are generally divided into three categories: biological, chemical, and physical. Other techniques include aqueous-waste treatment, solids treatment, solidification and stabilization, and thermal processes. Potential solutions for site remediation will almost always include a variety of technologies. Containment technologies and treatment technologies will invariably be used together. In addition, various technologies will be used to solve problems associated with the treatment of liquids, solids, and sludges at the same site. However, in addition to containment and treatment technologies, other aspects such as materials handling, worker safety, protection from accidental releases, and protection from future financial liability must be incorporated into the complete plan for site remediation. (See also W91-00900) (White-Reimer- PTT) JF - Standard Handbook of Hazardous Waste Treatment and Disposal. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York. 1989. p 12.35-12.50, 2 fig, 1 tab, 24 ref. AU - Rogoshewski, P J AU - James, S C AD - Environmental Protection Agency Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Hazardous waste disposal Waste containment Waste disposal Waste KW - treatment Water pollution control Water pollution prevention KW - Groundwater pollution Groundwater pumping Low-permeability KW - barriers Sludge treatment Subsurface drains KW - SW 3050:Ultimate disposal of wastes KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19110391?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Treatment+and+Containment+Technologies&rft.au=Rogoshewski%2C+P+J%3BJames%2C+S+C&rft.aulast=Rogoshewski&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enzyme System and Related Reactive Species AN - 19107115; 9100947 AB - The use of enzymes as a means to detoxify hazardous-waste constituents is a new and growing research area. The reactions of detoxifying enzymes are not limited to intracellular conditions but have been demonstrated through the use of immobilized enzyme extracts on several liquid waste streams. In order to evaluate the ability of enzyme systems to accomplish the detoxification transformations on the substrate molecule it is necessary to determine the rate of reaction associated with the transformation and any other rates that may be limiting. The action of enzymes is limited by two basic considerations. The physical constraints of the active site within the enzyme molecule and the attendant kinetic expression relating the rate of disappearance of substrate to time result in a series of kinetic limitations referred to as enzyme inhibition that are integral to an understanding of enzyme use. A subtle limitation is the resistance of the enzyme to destruction by outside agents. Enzymes used in the process include oxidoreductases and hydrolases. Common applications of cell-free enzyme extracts have generally involved some sort of immobilization. The enzyme can be chemically bound to a support and is then assembled into a bed through which a solution containing the substrate is passed. Although there is information detailing the expenses of industrial enzyme scaleup, very little cost-comparison information is available for this type of enzymatic application. (See also W91-00900) (White-Reimer-PTT) JF - Standard Handbook of Hazardous Waste Treatment and Disposal. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York. 1989. p 9.61-9.73, 3 fig, 6 tab, 31 ref. AU - Glaser, JA AD - Environmental Protection Agency Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Detoxification Enzymes Hazardous waste disposal Waste treatment KW - Hydrolases Inhibition Kinetics Oxidoreductases KW - SW 3050:Ultimate disposal of wastes KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19107115?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Enzyme+System+and+Related+Reactive+Species&rft.au=Glaser%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Glaser&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-Dioxins and Dibenzofurans in Environmental Samples Using High Resolution Mass Spectrometry AN - 19106734; 9002597 AB - Environmental samples were analyzed for polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurnas (PCDFs) by a multiple internal standard isotope-dilution high-resolution gas chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS) method. Human health risk was assessed from an environmental incident or a suspected hazardous waste site by determining congener concentrations. PCDD and PCDF congener profiles were constructed for used in identifying pollution sources and in determining the appropriate regulatory and/or remedial actions. Good qualitative correlation was found between the PCDD/PCDF congener distribution found in the soil residue and that found in the smoke samples. Chlorinated furans were present in larger abundance than chlorinated dioxins in both air and soil samples. It was found that there is need for automated data reduction software, since up to 6 hours are required per sample for manual GC/MS data reduction methods. There is also a need for a single gas chromatographic column with isomer specificity for all 15 toxic congeners. Although mass spectrometry has emerged as the analytical instrument for most PCDD and PCDF determination, the qualitative identification criteria for selected ion monitoring data vary widely from one laboratory to another. Extraction and cleanup steps also vary significantly. Some uniformity may be needed in these steps to obtain meaningful and comparable results for samples analyzed in different laboratories. (Friedmann-PTT) JF - Chemosphere CMSHAF Vol. 18, No. 1-6, p 109-118, 1989. 2 fig, 3 tab, 7 ref. AU - Kleopfer, R D AU - Greenall, R L AU - Viswanathan, T S AU - Kirchmer, C J AU - Gier, A AD - Environmental Protection Agency Kansas City, KS. Environmental Services Div Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Water analysis KW - Chemical analysis KW - Organic compounds KW - Aromatic compounds KW - Dioxins KW - Dibenzofurans KW - Chlorinated hydrocarbons KW - Pollutant identification KW - Organic pesticides KW - Mass spectrometry KW - Gas chromatography KW - Water pollution sources KW - Sampling KW - Analytical methods KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - SW 3010:Identification of pollutants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19106734?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Determination+of+Polychlorinated+Dibenzo-Dioxins+and+Dibenzofurans+in+Environmental+Samples+Using+High+Resolution+Mass+Spectrometry&rft.au=Kleopfer%2C+R+D%3BGreenall%2C+R+L%3BViswanathan%2C+T+S%3BKirchmer%2C+C+J%3BGier%2C+A&rft.aulast=Kleopfer&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Applications of Expert Systems in Environmental Engineering AN - 19103769; 9005157 AB - Expert systems are a promising computer-based approach to helping environmental engineers solve difficult problems. A number of such systems have been developed to date in the areas of hazard assessment, modeling support, process failure diagnosis and regulatory support. The US EPA has several programs underway to introduce this technology into its operations. The most ambitious of these is the work being undertaken by EPA 's Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Laboratory. They are developing five systems that support the review of applications for operating permits for RCRA (Resource Conservation and Recovery Act) hazardous waste facilities and selection of remedial action alternatives at Superfund cleanup sites. The most highly developed of these is FLEX (Flexible Liner Evaluation Expert), a program that evaluates the chemical resistance of synthetic liners exposed to wastes contained in landfills and impoundments. FLEX contains 347 rules encoded in the Prolog language along with special data management routines written in C. Work on FLEX and other systems has identified a number of issues important to successful implementation of expert systems within an organization such as the EPA. More successful applications of the technology to real engineering problems are needed to maintain the momentum achieved to date. (See also W90-05149) (Lantz-PTT) JF - Dynamic Modeling and Expert Systems in Wastewater Engineering. Lewis Publishers, Inc., Chelsea Michigan. 1989. p 241-259, 3 fig, 3 tab, 16 ref. AU - Rossman, LA AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Expert systems KW - Computer programs KW - Environmental engineering KW - Waste disposal KW - Model studies KW - Hazard assessment KW - Synthetic liners KW - Landfills KW - Environmental protection KW - SW 3050:Ultimate disposal of wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19103769?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Applications+of+Expert+Systems+in+Environmental+Engineering&rft.au=Rossman%2C+LA&rft.aulast=Rossman&rft.aufirst=LA&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Microbial Degradation of Seven Amides by Suspended Bacterial Populations AN - 19103627; 9002787 AB - Microbial transformation rate constants were determined for seven amides in natural pond water. A second-order mathematical rate expression served as the model for describing the microbial transformation. Also investigated was the relationship between the infrared spectra and the second-order rate constants for these amides. Second-order rate constants (k2) ranged from a low of 2.0 x 10 to the minus 14th power to a high of 1.1 x 10 to the minus 9th power liters/organism/h for niclosamide (2 ' ,5-dichloro-4 ' -nitrosalicylanilide) and propachlor (2-chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide), respectively. The mechanism of degradation (i.e., microbially mediated hydrolysis) of the amides was consistent with that of other organic chemicals previously studied in a variety of natural waters. Preliminary investigations indicate that temporal variations in measured second-order rate constants are small. A simple linear regression of the infrared carbonyl-stretching frequency with log k2 gave a correlation coefficient (r sq) of 0.962. (Author 's abstract) JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AEMIDF Vol. 55, No. 10, p 2545-2549, 1989. 4 fig, 1 tab, 12 ref. AU - Steen, W C AU - Collette, T W AD - Environmental Protection Agency Athens, GA. Southeast Environmental Research Lab Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Biodegradation KW - Fate of pollutants KW - Microbiological studies KW - Amides KW - Microbial degradation KW - Ponds KW - Rate constants KW - Niclosamide KW - Propachlor KW - Regression analysis KW - SW 0880:Chemical processes KW - SW 0850:Lakes KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19103627?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Microbial+Degradation+of+Seven+Amides+by+Suspended+Bacterial+Populations&rft.au=Steen%2C+W+C%3BCollette%2C+T+W&rft.aulast=Steen&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - National Evaluation of the Leaching Potential of Aldicarb, Part I: An Integrated Assessment Methodology AN - 19103598; 9002766 AB - A methodology was developed to determine the potential for aldicarb to leach to ground water and appear at or near concentrations of concern in different areas of the continental United States. Aldicarb use in 11 ' ground water regions ', as defined by Heath, was evaluated. These regions were selected based on significant use of aldicarb on citrus, cotton, potatoes , peanuts, and soybeans. The unit of study, therefore, became known as crop/Heath-Region combinations ' (CHRCs). A total of 32 CHRCs were evaluated. Three measures of leaching potential were used to evaluate each CHRC. One was based on hydrogeologic vulnerability, one was based on agronomic and site-specific characteristics, and one was based on ground water monitoring data. Each measure was rated as ' high ', ' medium ', ' low ' or ' insufficient data ' in terms of potential for aldicarb to leach for crop-growing areas in the region. Using a weight-of-evidence approach, each CHRC was given a final rating of ' high ', ' medium ', and ' low ' potential to leach based on the three measures within the CHRC. Potatoes in Heath Regions 7 (Glaciated Central) and 9 (Northeast and Superior Uplands) were rated high, whereas potatoes in Regions 1 (Western Mountain Ranges), 3 (Columbia Lava Plateau), and 11 (Southeast Coastal Plain) were rated low. Cotton in Regions 1, 2 (Alluvial Basins), 5 (High Plains), 10B (Gulf Coastal Plain), and 11 were rated low. Citrus and peanuts in Region 11 were rated high. All other CHRCs, including all soybean CHRCs, were rated medium. (Author 's abstract) JF - Ground Water Monitoring Review GWMRDU Vol. 9, No. 4, p 109-125, 1989. 13 fig, 4 tab, 26 ref. AU - Lorber, M N AU - Cohen, S Z AU - Noren, SE AU - DeBuchananne, G D AD - Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Pesticides KW - Path of pollutants KW - Groundwater pollution KW - Agricultural chemicals KW - Leaching KW - Aldicarb KW - Monitoring KW - Geohydrology KW - Crops KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - SW 0840:Groundwater UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19103598?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=National+Evaluation+of+the+Leaching+Potential+of+Aldicarb%2C+Part+I%3A+An+Integrated+Assessment+Methodology&rft.au=Lorber%2C+M+N%3BCohen%2C+S+Z%3BNoren%2C+SE%3BDeBuchananne%2C+G+D&rft.aulast=Lorber&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fate of Fenthion in Salt-Marsh Environments: I. Factors Affecting Biotic and Abiotic Degradation Rates in Water and Sediment AN - 19103272; 9002837 AB - Fenthion (Baytex), an organophosphate insecticide, is frequently applied to salt-marsh environments to control mosquitoes. Shake-flask tests were used to study rates of abiotic and biotic degradation of fenthion and the environmental parameters that affect these rates. Water or water-sediment (500 mg dry weight/L) slurries from salt marshes located along the Northwest Florida Gulf Coast were used. Flasks contained 200 micrograms fenthion/L, and degradation rates were determined by following decrease of fenthion over time. Hydrolysis and biodegradation in water were relatively insignificant fate processes. The presence of nonsterile sediment resulted in a rapid exponential disappearance of fenthion (half-life > or = 3.8 d). Biodegradation was assumed since sterile sediment systems showed a much slower decrease of fenthion, and the production of polar compounds (hexane-unextractable) from radiolabeled fenthion was greater in the presence of sediment than sterilized sediment. The effect of environmental pH levels (5.0-7.0) on degradation was insignificant. No biotic degradation occurred at low oxygen concentration. An 8 degree C decrease in incubation temperature decreased the rate of sediment biodegradation 2.5-fold. Light caused a slight, but significant, increase in the biotic and abiotic degradation rates of fenthion in water. A two-fold variation in degradation was noted among sediment samples from three stations within one field site. Inclusion of whole marsh plants or plant parts increased the disappearance rate of fenthion in test systems. (See also W90-02838) (Author 's abstract) JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry ETOCDK Vol. 8, No. 9, p 747-758, 1989. 4 fig, 3 tab, 41 ref. EPA Cooperative Agreement CR-809370; Northrup Services, Inc. Contract 68-03-2134; and Technology Applications, Inc. Contract 68-03-6265. AU - Cripe, C R AU - O'Neill, E J AU - Woods, M C AU - Gilliam, W T AU - Pritchard, PH AD - Environmental Protection Agency Gulf Breeze, FL. Gulf Breeze Environmental Research Lab Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Biodegradation KW - Fate of pollutants KW - Sediments KW - Salt marshes KW - Insecticides KW - Organophosphorus pesticides KW - Mosquitoes KW - Marsh plants KW - Degradation KW - Products KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - SW 0890:Estuaries UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19103272?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Fate+of+Fenthion+in+Salt-Marsh+Environments%3A+I.+Factors+Affecting+Biotic+and+Abiotic+Degradation+Rates+in+Water+and+Sediment&rft.au=Cripe%2C+C+R%3BO%27Neill%2C+E+J%3BWoods%2C+M+C%3BGilliam%2C+W+T%3BPritchard%2C+PH&rft.aulast=Cripe&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Historical Development of the National Primary Drinking Water Regulations AN - 19102395; 9003731 AB - History gives ample evidence of the inescapable penalties paid by past civilizations that failed to provide for the safety of their water systems. Modern history shows that such waterborne diseases as typhoid, dysentery, and cholera are controllable, and in fact were all but eliminated in the United States by the 1930s by applying the principles identified in what are commonly referred to as the U.S. Public Health Service (PHS) Drinking Water Standards of 1914 and 1925. In 1942 and 1946, the standards were revised to include provisions for the use of membrane filter procedures in the bacteriological examination of water samples. The National Community Water Supply Study completed in 1969 suggested a backslide in drinking water quality, with trends in waterborne disease suggesting the slide is not over, even though the Safe Drinking Water Act has been on the books since 1974. Waterborne disease outbreaks in Pennsylvania, Maine, and other locations, and organic chemical problems only partially foreseen by those involved in revising the 1962 PHS standards, have made safe, palatable drinking water an enormous challenge in the 1980s. (See also W90-03730) (Lantz-PTT) JF - Safe Drinking Water Act: Amendments, Regulations and Standards. Lewis Publishers, Inc., Chelsea Michigan. 1989. p 3-15, 1 fig, 9 tab, 8 ref. AU - Larson, C D AD - Environmental Protection Agency Boston, MA. Water Supply Branch Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - History KW - Regulations KW - Drinking water KW - Water treatment KW - Legislation KW - Bacterial analysis KW - Standards KW - Public health KW - Safe Drinking Water Act KW - Human diseases KW - Water quality control KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution KW - SW 4050:Water law and institutions UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19102395?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Historical+Development+of+the+National+Primary+Drinking+Water+Regulations&rft.au=Larson%2C+C+D&rft.aulast=Larson&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Overview of the Current National Primary Drinking Water Regulations and Regulation Development Process AN - 19102354; 9003732 AB - The promulgation of the National Primary Drinking Water Regulations (NPDWR) follows specific steps. First, the Advance Notice of Proposed Rule Making (ANPRM) is published. It includes what EPA is considering for possible regulation and what is already known about the science and technology of the contaminant, and asks for more information and comments. Second, the EPA, as mandated by the SDWA Amendments, proposes maximum contaminant levels (MCLs), (enforceable standards) and maximum contaminant level goals (MCLGs) (nonenforceable health goals) simultaneously. More public comments are received, and eventually the regulations are finalized. The Office of Drinking Water developed a six-phase schedule that has attempted to parallel the SDWA-specified deadlines: Phase I--Volatile organic chemicals--July 8, 1987; Phase II--Synthetic organic chemicals and inorganic chemicals--June 1989, Microbials and surface water treatment (filtration)--June 1989, and Lead/copper (corrosion by-products)--December 1988; Phase III--Radionuclides--December 1988; Phase IV--Disinfectants and disinfection by-products--June 1989; Phase V--Other inorganic chemicals, synthetic organic chemicals, and pesticides--June 1989; and Phase VI--25 additional chemicals--January 1991. In selecting contaminants for regulation, the most relevant criteria are (1) potential health risk; (2) ability to detect a contaminant in the drinking water; and (3) occurrence or potential occurrence in drinking water. The EPA uses a three category approach for setting maximum contaminant level goals for carcinogens: Category I, strong evidence of carcinogenicity-zero; Category II, equivocal evidence--reference dose (RfD) approach or 0.00001 to 0.000001 cancer risk range; and Category III, inadequate or no evidence from animal studies--RfD approach. (See also W90-03730) (Lantz-PTT) JF - Safe Drinking Water Act: Amendments, Regulations and Standards. Lewis Publishers, Inc., Chelsea Michigan. 1989. p 17-28, 5 tab, 10 ref. AU - Cotruvo, JA AU - Regelski, M AD - Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC. Office of Drinking Water Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Primary Drinking Water Regulations KW - Water treatment KW - Regulations KW - Drinking water KW - Water quality control KW - Volatile organic compounds KW - Synthetic compounds KW - Microorganisms KW - Lead KW - Copper KW - Radioisotopes KW - Disinfectants KW - Inorganic compounds KW - Pesticides KW - Organic compounds KW - Safe Drinking Water Act KW - Carcinogens KW - Risk assessment KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution KW - SW 4050:Water law and institutions UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19102354?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Overview+of+the+Current+National+Primary+Drinking+Water+Regulations+and+Regulation+Development+Process&rft.au=Cotruvo%2C+JA%3BRegelski%2C+M&rft.aulast=Cotruvo&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of a Spill of Bunker Oil on the Marine Biological Communities in Hong Kong AN - 19101525; 9000515 AB - The effects of a recent bunker oil spill on the marine environment along the southern coast of Hong Kong Island were assessed through investigation of the rocky shore fauna, phytoplankton population and macrobenthic communities over a study period of 150 days. In addition, toxicity experiments were carried out in the laboratory to ascertain the toxic effect of the oil-plus-dispersant on selected test organisms. The impacts of the spill on the marine fauna were minimal with no visible reduction in species and individual numbers. Possible reasons were the small amount of oil spilled, the rapid containment and dispersion in the clean-up operations, and the less toxic effects of the heavy bunker oil. On Hong Kong shores, the limpets can be identified as indicator species to oil pollution. A quick survey of the limpet fauna on the rocky shores immediately after a spill provides an initial assessment of the impacts on the shoreline. However, faunal recovery over a long-term period may be difficult to assess in view of the lack of baseline data on most of the marine biological communities in Hong Kong waters. (Author 's abstract) JF - Environment International Vol. 14, No. 6, p 545-552, 1989. 13 fig, 31 ref. AU - Shin, PKS AD - Environmental Protection Agency Kowloon (Hong Kong) Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Hong Kong KW - Oil spills KW - Bioindicators KW - Water pollution effects KW - Oil pollution KW - Coastal waters KW - Phytoplankton KW - Macrobenthos KW - Rocky shore habitats KW - Toxicity KW - Limpets KW - Oil KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19101525?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effects+of+a+Spill+of+Bunker+Oil+on+the+Marine+Biological+Communities+in+Hong+Kong&rft.au=Shin%2C+PKS&rft.aulast=Shin&rft.aufirst=PKS&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxicity of Pyrethroids to Marine Invertebrates and Fish: A Literature Review and Test Results with Sediment-Sorbed Chemicals AN - 19101114; 9001177 AB - Data on the acute and chronic toxicities of permethrin, fenvalerate, cypermethrin and flucythrinate to marine invertebrates and fish are reviewed. The mysid Mysidopsis bahia consistently is among the most sensitive crustaceans tested, with 96-h LC50 's of less than 0.02 micrograms per liter for permethrin and of less than 0.01 micrograms per liter for fenvalerate, cypermethrin and flucythrinate. The potential for chronic toxicity to fish is minimal for permethrin, moderate for fenvalerate and relatively great for flucythrinate. Laboratory toxicity tests were conducted with sediment-source fenvalerate and cypermethrin under static and flow-through conditions to determine the degree of contamination necessary to achieve acute lethal effects on mysids, grass shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio) and pink shrimp (Penaeus duorarum). Mortality was observed in test animals only in systems where the concentrations of sediment-source pyrethroids were sufficient to establish lethal concentrations in the overlying water through sediment/water partitioning. For fenvalerate, effects occurred at nominal sediment concentrations of 0.1 mg/kg for mysids and grass shrimp and at 10 mg/kg for pink shrimp. Normal sediment concentrations of cypermethrin of 0.1 mg/kg or 1.0 milligram per kg resulted in mortality in mysids and grass shrimp, whereas 1.0 milligram per kg was the only test concentration that caused mortality in pink shrimp in the static and flow-through test systems. (Author 's Abstract) JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry ETOCDK Vol. 8, No. 5, p 393-401, 1989. 6 tab, 25 ref. AU - Clark, JA AU - Goodman, L R AU - Borthwick, P W AU - Patrick, J M AU - Cripe, G M AD - Environmental Protection Agency Gulf Breeze, FL. Gulf Breeze Environmental Research Lab Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Pesticide toxicity KW - Toxicity KW - Insecticides KW - Pyrethroids KW - Water pollution effects KW - Sediments KW - Fish KW - Aquatic animals KW - Reviews KW - Crustaceans KW - Invertebrates KW - Oysters KW - Shrimp KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19101114?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Toxicity+of+Pyrethroids+to+Marine+Invertebrates+and+Fish%3A+A+Literature+Review+and+Test+Results+with+Sediment-Sorbed+Chemicals&rft.au=Clark%2C+JA%3BGoodman%2C+L+R%3BBorthwick%2C+P+W%3BPatrick%2C+J+M%3BCripe%2C+G+M&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dispersant Use Guidelines for Freshwater and Other Inland Environments AN - 19098766; 9002336 AB - Work in progress by the American Society for Testing and Materials Subcommittee F20.13 on Treatment on a series of guidelines covering the use of dispersants in nonsaline environments is presented. These environments include freshwater ponds, lakes, and streams, as well as land. The guidelines are to be patterned after those produced by an earlier task group of the same committee covering saline environments. Discussions over a long period of time developed an outline of those environments where the use of dispersants might be considered: (I) No surface water--(a) over permafrost, (b) over porous ground, and (c) over nonporous ground; (II) Permanent surface water--(a) moving water (rivers, creeks and large lakes), and (b) non-moving water (swamps, small lakes, and ponds); and (III) Nonpermanent surface waters. It was apparent almost immediately that any experimental work actually done or being considered was confined to arctic and near-arctic areas. Use of dispersants on inland water or land, or in tropical areas, has had almost no consideration at all. The environments listed may be augmented in the future if discussion and thought indicate it would be desirable. (See also W90-02334) (Lantz-PTT) JF - Oil Dispersants: New Ecological Approaches. STP 1018. American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia PA. 1989. p 25-30, 6 fig, 3 tab, 4 ref. AU - Flaherty, L M AU - Katz, W B AU - Kaufmann, S AD - Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Oil dispersants KW - Dispersants KW - Water pollution treatment KW - Standards KW - Cleanup operations KW - Oil spills KW - Permafrost KW - Soil porosity KW - Cold regions KW - Rivers KW - Streams KW - Ponds KW - Lakes KW - Swamps KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - SW 4050:Water law and institutions UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19098766?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Dispersant+Use+Guidelines+for+Freshwater+and+Other+Inland+Environments&rft.au=Flaherty%2C+L+M%3BKatz%2C+W+B%3BKaufmann%2C+S&rft.aulast=Flaherty&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Wastewaters: A Perspective AN - 19097641; 9004393 AB - The 1987 Water Quality Act amendments to the Clean Water Act established a new direction in wastewater management. The federal grants program for municipal wastewater treatment works will be phased out in 1990 and replaced with a State Revolving Loan Program funded through 1994. Although federal funds will be declining, problems remain to be solved, including: (1) treatment works construction for communities of less than 10,000 population, estimated to cost between $10 and $15 billion nationwide; (2) agricultural nonpoint pollution, which is a cause of serious water quality problems in 24 states; (3) impaired water quality in lakes and reservoirs, mainly due to agricultural pollution; (4) large treatment needs in the industrial sector (e.g., acid mine drainage in Appalachia); (5) landfill leachates from both industrial and municipal solid wastes; and (6) industrial toxic chemical and hazardous waste treatment. Wetland systems represent one way to attempt to deal with these problems in an era of declining federal funding and increased concerns about water quality. (See also W90-04392) (Rochester-PTT) JF - Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment: Municipal, Industrial and Agricultural. Lewis Publishers, Chelsea Michigan. 1989. p 3-4. AU - Smith, A J AD - Environmental Protection Agency Atlanta, GA. Region IV Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - United States KW - Wastewater management KW - Clean Water Act KW - Financing KW - Loans KW - Lakes KW - Reservoirs KW - Industrial wastes KW - Water quality control KW - Toxic wastes KW - Municipal wastes KW - Wetlands KW - Nonpoint pollution sources KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - SW 4050:Water law and institutions UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19097641?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Wastewaters%3A+A+Perspective&rft.au=Smith%2C+A+J&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - EPA 's Approach to Evaluating and Cleaning Up Ground Water Contamination at Superfund Sites AN - 19097547; 9002773 AB - EPA 's approach for developing, evaluating, and selecting ground water response actions at Superfund sites with contaminated ground water involves a series of key decisions to support necessary actions. These actions include the following: (1) planning how the site will be managed, (2) determining data needs, (3) determining remedial action objectives, (4) developing alternatives, and (5) selecting and implementing the remedy. The key decisions should reflect a policy and decision-making approach developed within the framework of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA 1980) as amended by the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA 1986) and program policies to implement these acts. A flexible, iterative process, by which ground water remedies can be identified, evaluated, selected, and implemented at Superfund sites beginning with initial site investigation tasks and ending with evaluation of implemented actions is outlined. Proper consideration of the factors presented should result in an efficient, effective procedure for making remedial action decisions for contaminated ground water that ensures protection of human health and the environment. (Author 's abstract) JF - Ground Water Monitoring Review GWMRDU Vol. 9, No. 4, p 177-183, 1989. 8 ref. AU - Haley, J L AU - Lang, D J AU - Herrinton, L AD - Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC. Office of Emergency and Remedial Response Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Water pollution treatment KW - Cleanup KW - Landfills KW - Groundwater pollution KW - Superfund sites KW - Environmental protection KW - Policy making KW - Decision making KW - Remedies KW - SW 3010:Identification of pollutants KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - SW 0840:Groundwater UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19097547?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=EPA+%27s+Approach+to+Evaluating+and+Cleaning+Up+Ground+Water+Contamination+at+Superfund+Sites&rft.au=Haley%2C+J+L%3BLang%2C+D+J%3BHerrinton%2C+L&rft.aulast=Haley&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Creation of Wetlands for the Improvement of Water Quality: A Proposal for the Joint Use of Highway Right-of-Way AN - 19097439; 9004461 AB - A proposal is described to incorporate public lands through joint use of highway right-of-way. The proposal identifies a potential highway site in Maryland for joint use as an engineered wetland to control urban nonpoint source (NPS) pollution from highly developed, established urban areas and provides preliminary analysis of the site 's control effectiveness and design life costs. Several right-of-way sites within the Chesapeake Bay basin have been identified that (1) have large area and (2) intersect an urban stream. A portion of the Interstate 695 intersection with the Southeast Throughway and the Windlass Freeway in Middle River east of Baltimore was chosen as representative and calculations of pollutant removal efficiencies and pollutant removal costs were done. Removal efficiencies were predicted as follows: total P, 53%; total N, 41%; BOD5, 40%; Pb, 72%; Zn, 40%, and Cu, 40%. Based on the quantities of pollutants remove, a 50-yr design life, and estimates of routine and nonroutine maintenance, the estimated total cost, or net present cost, $1,420,000. Economies of scale, construction economies, and land acquisition economies make this the most cost-effective urban best management practice. Wetlands engineered to improve urban water quality on a basinwide scale also require large tracts of land. Objectives of transportation and water quality improvement may be compatible in many areas of highway right-of-way. Public benefits accrue from three aspects of a joint use program: (1) basinwide control provides considerable economies of scale in both construction and maintenance; (2) the ' cut and fill ' structure of major interchanges provides appropriate topography for engineered wetland; and (3) joint use of public land avoids the social and economic expense of condemning private land to assemble a separate tract of land for NPS control. (See also W90-04392) (Rochester-PTT) JF - Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment: Municipal, Industrial and Agricultural. Lewis Publishers, Chelsea Michigan. 1989. p 695-701, 1 fig, 2 tab, 5 ref. AU - Linker, L C AD - Environmental Protection Agency Annapolis, MD. Chesapeake Bay Liaison Office Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Land disposal KW - Artificial wetlands KW - Maryland KW - Highways KW - Land use KW - Urban runoff KW - Wetlands KW - Wastewater treatment KW - Biological wastewater treatment KW - Water pollution control KW - Macrophytes KW - Performance evaluation KW - Nutrient removal KW - Cost analysis KW - Construction costs KW - Economic aspects KW - Phosphorus KW - Nitrogen KW - Biological oxygen demand KW - Heavy metals KW - SW 0850:Lakes KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19097439?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Creation+of+Wetlands+for+the+Improvement+of+Water+Quality%3A+A+Proposal+for+the+Joint+Use+of+Highway+Right-of-Way&rft.au=Linker%2C+L+C&rft.aulast=Linker&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Monitoring of Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater AN - 19097157; 9004430 AB - Use of constructed wetlands for the disposal and treatment of wastewater is emerging as an alternative to conventional approaches for small communities and industries. Operation and maintenance of any process control system depend on a monitoring plan that provides information for judging the attainment of treatment objectives, performance, efficiency, and the long-term viability of the system. As the complexity of wastes treated by a wetland increases, so do the monitoring requirements, because more variables are introduced which may result in system failure or lead to undesirable side effects. Cost and effort of monitoring increase with chemical complexity of the influent to be treated and ecological diversity of the wetlands to be maintained. Monitoring strategies are presented here in hierarchical orders according to increasing complexity and implementation effort. Topics include: monitoring plan (compliance monitoring, wetlands system performance and treatment efficiency, and monitoring wetland viability and health). An appropriately designed and implemented monitoring plan is essential to the successful management, operation, and maintenance of constructed wetlands for treatment of wastewater. The monitoring plan has numerous components, including clearly stated objectives, technical and management responsibilities, quality assurance procedures, resources, and schedules. Scope of monitoring activities is a function of treatment goals, project benefits, and diversity of plant and animal communities involved in the wetland system. Results of monitoring determine compliance of the wetland discharge with permit limits established by pollution control agencies. Monitoring of the plant and animal communities provides surveillance data necessary to determine health and viability of the wetlands and identify early signs of stress to the aquatic communities of plants and animals. Early detection of a failing wetland system is essential to the operation and maintenance of the treatment system. Engineered wetlands as treatment systems are appealing because of their low costs of construction and simplicity of operation and maintenance needs. However, appropriate monitoring , though it adds costs, is a necessity and must be viewed as a priority over the life of the project. (See also W90-04392) (Rochester-PTT) JF - Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment: Municipal, Industrial and Agricultural. Lewis Publishers, Chelsea Michigan. 1989. p 447-455, 17 ref. AU - Hicks, D B AU - Stober, Q J AD - Environmental Protection Agency Athens, GA. Environmental Services Div Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Land disposal KW - Wastewater treatment KW - Wetlands KW - Monitoring KW - Artificial wetlands KW - Performance evaluation KW - Biological wastewater treatment KW - Water pollution control KW - Macrophytes KW - Management planning KW - Cost analysis KW - Ecosystems KW - Animals KW - Plants KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - SW 0850:Lakes KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19097157?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Monitoring+of+Constructed+Wetlands+for+Wastewater&rft.au=Hicks%2C+D+B%3BStober%2C+Q+J&rft.aulast=Hicks&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of Wetlands for Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Disposal: Regulatory Issues and EPA Policies AN - 19096199; 9004415 AB - Wetlands provide high levels of wastewater treatment, but concern has been expressed over (1) possible effects from of toxic materials and pathogens in wastewaters and (2) long-term degradation of wetlands from wastewater discharges. Constructed wetlands employ wetland vegetation to assist in treating wastewater in a more controlled environment than occurs in natural wetlands. Regulatory issues and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) policies involved in wastewater treatment with constructed wetlands are considered. Both natural and constructed treatment systems have achieved high removal efficiencies for BOD5, suspended solids, nutrients, heavy metals , trace organic compounds, and pathogens from municipal wastewater. In many areas, natural wetlands serve as receiving waters for permitted discharges of treated wastewater. More than 400 such discharges exist in the Southeast and another 100 occur in the Great Lakes States. In arid regions, wastewater effluents are often used to create, maintain, restore, or enhance wetlands. There are several circumstances under which wetlands are considered ' waters of the United States ' under 40 CFR Part 122.2; most natural wetlands are included, but most constructed wetlands are excluded from this definition. In addition to meeting minimum technology requirements, discharges to waters of the United States must comply with applicable state water quality standards. Very few states have established separate water quality standards for wetlands, and EPA has not developed water quality criteria specifically for wetlands. When altering natural wetlands for use in wastewater treatment, it generally is necessary to obtain a permit under section 404 of the Clean Water Act. A recent EPA task force concluded that natural wetlands should be viewed primarily as protected water bodies and that, in the absence of water quality criteria for wetlands, it is impossible to identify broadly conditions where they could be safely regarded as part of the ' treatment system. ' EPA encourages the use of constructed (artificial) wetlands through the innovative and alternative technology provisions of its construction grants program. (See also W90-04392) (Rochester-PTT) JF - Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment: Municipal, Industrial and Agricultural. Lewis Publishers, Chelsea Michigan. 1989. p 265-278, 1 fig, 27 ref. AU - Bastian, R K AU - Shanaghan, P E AU - Thompson, B P AD - Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC. Office of Municipal Pollution Control Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Land disposal KW - Water pollution control KW - Wastewater treatment KW - Clean Water Act KW - Wetlands KW - Administrative regulations KW - Environmental Protection Agency KW - Biological wastewater treatment KW - Policy making KW - Artificial wetlands KW - Macrophytes KW - Grants KW - Financing KW - Federal jurisdiction KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes KW - SW 0850:Lakes KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19096199?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Use+of+Wetlands+for+Municipal+Wastewater+Treatment+and+Disposal%3A+Regulatory+Issues+and+EPA+Policies&rft.au=Bastian%2C+R+K%3BShanaghan%2C+P+E%3BThompson%2C+B+P&rft.aulast=Bastian&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Wastewater Treatment and Receiving Water Body Interactions AN - 19095667; 9005154 AB - The dynamic nature of the interactions between wastewater discharges and receiving water quality can complicate the analysis of pollution abatement programs. A numerical example of ammonia toxicity is used to illustrate this point. It shows the role that correlated variables, chemical transformations, and water quality criteria play in determining water quality responses and their environmental significance. Several methods of waste load allocation--dynamic response approach, dynamic assimilative capacity approach, and steady-state response approach--that take these dynamic interactions into account are reviewed. Also reviewed are pollution control strategies based on variable effluent limits. These can lower treatment costs by allowing discharge levels to change by time of year or with conditions in the receiving water. A waste load allocation method for seasonal discharge limits is introduced that maintains an equal risk of water quality criteria violation with nonseasonal limits. Illustrations of these various approaches to waste load allocation are provided for ammonia toxicity example studies. (See also W90-05149) (Lantz-PTT) JF - Dynamic Modeling and Expert Systems in Wastewater Engineering. Lewis Publishers, Inc., Chelsea Michigan. 1989. p 129-166, 19 fig, 3 tab, 23 ref. AU - Rossman, LA AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Model studies KW - Dynamic models KW - Wastewater pollution KW - Wastewater treatment KW - Wastewater disposal KW - Water pollution control KW - Waste load KW - Pollution load KW - Ammonia KW - Toxicity KW - Water quality KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19095667?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Wastewater+Treatment+and+Receiving+Water+Body+Interactions&rft.au=Rossman%2C+LA&rft.aulast=Rossman&rft.aufirst=LA&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Summary of the 1986 Amendments to the Safe Drinking Water Act AN - 19095306; 9003713 AB - The Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) of 1974 includes legislation that gives the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) ultimate authority over all public water supplies. The 1986 amendments ot the SDWA require that EPA develop numerical standards or a treatment technique for 83 drinking water contaminants based upon the degree to which the contaminants can be removed using best available treatment technologies. The 83 contaminants that are regulated according to the amendments, including volatile organic chemicals, microbes, inorganic compounds and heavy metals, organic compounds and radionuclides, are listed. Also, proposed maximum contaminant level goals per proposed rules for other synthetic organic chemicals, volatile organic chemicals, radionuclides, total coliforms, and inorganic chemicals, as stipulated in the amendments, are listed. (See also W90-03708) (Friedmann-PTT) JF - Proceedings of the Nineteenth Mississippi Water Resources Conference. Water Resources Research Institute, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State MS. 1989. p 27-32. 6 tab, 5 ref. AU - Crum, W B AD - Environmental Protection Agency Atlanta, GA. Region IV Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Safe Drinking Water Act KW - Water law KW - Water policy KW - Administrative regulations KW - Drinking water KW - Water quality control KW - Water quality standards KW - Coliforms KW - Heavy metals KW - Trace elements KW - Organic compounds KW - Radioisotopes KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - SW 4050:Water law and institutions UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19095306?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Summary+of+the+1986+Amendments+to+the+Safe+Drinking+Water+Act&rft.au=Crum%2C+W+B&rft.aulast=Crum&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - National Primary Drinking Water Regulations for Additional Contaminants to Be Regulated by 1989 AN - 19095148; 9003737 AB - The Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) of 1974 requires the EPA to publish National Primary Drinking Water Regulations (NPRDWRs) for contaminants that may pose adverse human health effects. The 1986 Amendments to the SDWA state that: (1) EPA must propose and promulgate maximum contaminant level goals (MCLGs)(unenforceable health goals) and maximum contaminant levels (MCLs)(enforceable standards) simultaneously; (2) EPA must regulate 9 contaminants within one year of enactment, another 40 within two years, and 34 additional contaminants within three years (for a total of 83); (3) EPA has the option of substituting up to seven other contaminants for those listed by Congress if it finds this will provide greater health protection; (4) in addition to the 83 contaminants, at least 25 more primary drinking water standards will be required by 1991, with 25 more standards expected every three years thereafter; (5) EPA must prepare a report to Congress on comparative health risks of raw water contamination versus contamination by treatment chemicals (e.g., disinfection by-products) within 18 months of enactment. These contaminants all fall into five broad categories: (1) volatile organic chemicals, inorganics, microbials and turbidity, organics and radionuclides. Drinking Water Criteria Documents (CDs) have been or are being prepared for each contaminant to be regulated. These provide the health effects basis to be considered in establishing the MCLG. To achieve this objective, data on pharmacokinetics, human exposure, acute and chronic toxicity to animals and humans, epidemiology, and mechanisms of toxicity are evaluated. Specific emphasis is placed on literature data providing dose-response information. (See also W90-03730) (Lantz-PTT) JF - Safe Drinking Water Act: Amendments, Regulations and Standards. Lewis Publishers, Inc., Chelsea Michigan. 1989. p 71-82, 1 fig, 3 tab. AU - Ohanian, E V AD - Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC. Criteria and Standards Div Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Water treatment KW - Standards KW - Water quality control KW - Primary Drinking Water Regulations KW - Regulations KW - Inorganic compounds KW - Organic compounds KW - Human diseases KW - Risk assessment KW - Disinfectants KW - Volatile organic compounds KW - Microorganisms KW - Radioisotopes KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19095148?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=National+Primary+Drinking+Water+Regulations+for+Additional+Contaminants+to+Be+Regulated+by+1989&rft.au=Ohanian%2C+E+V&rft.aulast=Ohanian&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fluvial Hydrodynamic and Sediment Transport Model for the Chesapeake Bay Watershed AN - 19095146; 9005705 AB - A one-dimensional hydrodynamics and sediment transport model for rivers and estuaries was developed. It used the Saint Venant equations for fluid flow and sediment yield and sediment continuity equations for particulate transport. The Four Point Implicit numerical scheme was adopted for the time iteration. The Newton-Raphson iterative technique was used to treat nonlinearity. The flow equations were solved simultaneously for velocity and discharge at all cross sections. From these parameters, flow depth, channel width, and hydraulic radius were calculated to be used for the computation of bed shear velocity and velocity for incipient motion. These variables and the particle fall velocity were then used in the Yang equation (total load formula) for finding the sediment flux at a given cross section. The sediment flux was then used in the sediment continuity equation with lateral sediment inflow to calculate the sediment cross-sectional change. Scour and deposition was then calculated. Preliminary testing of the model on the Monocacy River, Maryland, produced promising results. (See also W90-05621) (Cassar-PTT) JF - Proceedings of the International Conference on Channel Flow and Catchment Runoff: Centennial of Manning 's Formula and Kuichling 's Rational Formula. University of Virginia, Charlottesville VA. 1989. p 792-801, 4 fig, 1 tab, 12 ref. AU - Hosseinipour, Z AD - Environmental Protection Agency Athens, GA. Southeast Environmental Research Lab Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Chesapeake Bay KW - Estuaries KW - Sediment transport KW - Hydraulics KW - Channel flow KW - Open-channel flow KW - Watersheds KW - Model studies KW - Mathematical studies KW - Sediment yield KW - Erosion KW - Monocacy River KW - Maryland KW - Rivers KW - Water quality KW - St Venant equation KW - Flow velocity KW - Hydraulic radius KW - SW 5080:Evaluation, processing and publication KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation KW - SW 0890:Estuaries UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19095146?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Fluvial+Hydrodynamic+and+Sediment+Transport+Model+for+the+Chesapeake+Bay+Watershed&rft.au=Hosseinipour%2C+Z&rft.aulast=Hosseinipour&rft.aufirst=Z&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of On-Site and Laboratory Toxicity Tests: Derivation of Site-Specific Criteria for Un-Ionized Ammonia in a Colorado Transitional Stream AN - 19093973; 9004695 AB - Acute tests with fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas Rafinesque), johnny darters (Etheostoma nigrum Rafinesque), white suckers (Catostomus commersoni Lacepede) and acute and chronic tests with Ceriodaphnia dubia were conducted to evaluate whether characteristics of the St. Vrain River in Colorado would ameliorate or enhance toxicity of un-ionized ammonia compared to laboratory (well) water and LC50 values found in the literature. Concurrently, tests were conducted on dilutions of Longmont, Colorado, wastewater to evaluate its toxicity in differing ammonia concentrations. Tests were conducted at two temperatures (approximately 6 and 20 C) to simulate seasonal differences. LC50s for fishes in the St. Vrain River water were similar to LC50s in laboratory water, indicating there was no site water effect. LC50s derived for fishes tested in warm conditions were within a factor of about two or three of literature values. However, the constituents in or characteristics of the wastewater appeared to enhance ammonia toxicity. Literature values (LC50s) for resident aquatic organisms and the new LC50 value for johnny darters tested on-site were used to derive site-specific criteria for un-ionized ammonia. Greater sensitivities of species to ammonia at cold versus warm temperatures suggests that colder, low-flow conditions may be a critical period for warm-water aquatic communities with regard to ammonia toxicity. (Author 's abstract) JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry ETOCDK Vol. 8, No. 12, p 1177-1189, 1989. 1 fig, 6 tab, 41 ref. AU - Nimmo, DWR AU - Link, D AU - Parrish, L P AU - Rodriguez, G J AU - Wuerthele, W AD - Environmental Protection Agency Denver, CO. Region VIII Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Toxicology KW - Fish physiology KW - Bioassay KW - Colorado KW - Ammonia KW - Aquatic animals KW - Toxicity KW - Water pollution effects KW - Fathead minnows KW - Sucker KW - Aquatic insects KW - Environmental effects KW - Ecological effects KW - Wastewater KW - Temperature effects KW - SW 0835:Streamflow and runoff KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19093973?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+On-Site+and+Laboratory+Toxicity+Tests%3A+Derivation+of+Site-Specific+Criteria+for+Un-Ionized+Ammonia+in+a+Colorado+Transitional+Stream&rft.au=Nimmo%2C+DWR%3BLink%2C+D%3BParrish%2C+L+P%3BRodriguez%2C+G+J%3BWuerthele%2C+W&rft.aulast=Nimmo&rft.aufirst=DWR&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Office of Drinking Water 's Health Advisory Program AN - 19093713; 9003738 AB - The Office of Drinking Water 's (ODW) Health Advisory (HA) Program provides information on health effects, analytical methodology and treatment technology that would be useful in dealing with the contamination of drinking water. Health Advisory documents include nonregulatory concentrations of contaminants in drinking water at which adverse effects would not be anticipated to occur over specific durations of exposure. A margin safety is included in the HA values to protect sensitive members of the population. The HA values are not legally enforceable federal standards. They are subject to change as new and better information becomes available. The HAs are offered as informal technical guidance to assist federal, state and local officials responsible for the protection of public health. Although not a formal component of ODW 's regulatory program, the information assembled under the HA Program has a major impact on the identification of contaminants that should be given priority for future regulation. Thus, the HA Program constitutes a vital role in ODW 's efforts to meet the regulatory requirements of the SDWA. The HA Program also serves as ODW 's primary technology transfer mechanisms to health officials and the public on the health effects of drinking water contamination. (See also W90-03730) (Lantz-PTT) JF - Safe Drinking Water Act: Amendments, Regulations and Standards. Lewis Publishers, Inc., Chelsea Michigan. 1989. p 85-103, 2 fig, 8 tab. AU - Ohanian, E V AD - Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC. Criteria and Standards Div Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Drinking water KW - Information exchange KW - Water quality control KW - Public health KW - Water treatment KW - Standards KW - Technology transfer KW - Regulations KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19093713?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Office+of+Drinking+Water+%27s+Health+Advisory+Program&rft.au=Ohanian%2C+E+V&rft.aulast=Ohanian&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Compliance by Public Water Supply Systems with National Primary Drinking Water Regulations AN - 19092787; 9003739 AB - Since the passage of the original Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) in 1974, the EPA has tracked the compliance by public water supply systems with the National Primary Drinking Water Regulations (NPDWR). EPA receives reports from the states with primary enforcement responsibility of all violations of the NPDWR and these violations are incorporated into the Federal Reporting Data System (FRDS). Of the 57 states and territories that are included in the public water systems supervision program under the SDWA, 54 have been granted primary enforcement responsibility, with 3 programs being administered directly by EPA regional offices. In addition to information on violations, quarterly reports are submitted to EPA on the basic characteristics of public water systems (PWS) such as population served, source of supply, and treatment, which is called the inventory of public water systems and is also incorporated into FRDS. These data indicate a very high level of compliance by most categories of water systems. The so-called small system problem is evident, with most violations occurring in the very small systems. Despite the efforts to focus attention and resources on these small systems, this problem is likely to persist as new regulations are promulgated. (See also W90-03730) (Lantz-PTT) JF - Safe Drinking Water Act: Amendments, Regulations and Standards. Lewis Publishers, Inc., Chelsea Michigan. 1989. p 105-112, 4 fig, 5 tab. AU - Karalekas, P C AU - Trax, JR AD - Environmental Protection Agency Boston, MA. Water Supply Branch Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Water treatment KW - Primary Drinking Water Regulations KW - Drinking water KW - Water quality control KW - Regulations KW - Public policy KW - Public health KW - Compliance KW - Governmental interrelations KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution KW - SW 4050:Water law and institutions UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19092787?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Compliance+by+Public+Water+Supply+Systems+with+National+Primary+Drinking+Water+Regulations&rft.au=Karalekas%2C+P+C%3BTrax%2C+JR&rft.aulast=Karalekas&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - National Primary Drinking Water Regulations for Volatile Organic Chemicals AN - 19091829; 9003733 AB - On July 8, 1987, the final rule was published for the National Primary Drinking Water Regulations (NPDWRs) in volatile organic chemicals (VOCs) and monitoring for unregulated contaminants. The setting of maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) for the eight VOCs in this rule (plus fluoride, promulgated April 6, 1986), satisfied the statutory deadlines in the Safe Drinking Water Act of 1974 (SDWA) in regard to completing the establishment of the first nine MCLs within 12 months. The eight synthetic VOCs in this rule are widely used as unleaded gas additives, household cleaning solutions, solvents for removing grease, air fresheners , and mothballs. They are found frequently in drinking water from groundwater sources. All have relatively low boiling points and vaporize readily. The respective maximum contaminant level goals (MCLGs) and MCLs for these eight VOCs are as follows: vinyl chloride--zero, 0.002; benzene--zero, 0.005; trichloroethylene--zero, 0.005; carbon tetrachloride--zero, 0.005; 1,2-dichloroethane--zero, 0.005; para-dichlorobenzene--0.075, 0.075; 1,1-dichloroethylene--0.007, 0.007; and 1,1,1-trichloroethane--0.2, 0.2. (See also W90-03730) (Lantz-PTT) JF - Safe Drinking Water Act: Amendments, Regulations and Standards. Lewis Publishers, Inc., Chelsea Michigan. 1989. p 29-34, 2 tab, 4 ref. AU - Cotruvo, JA AU - Regelski, M AD - Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC. Office of Drinking Water Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Water treatment KW - Drinking water KW - Volatile organic compounds KW - Primary Drinking Water Regulations KW - Regulations KW - Water quality control KW - Organic compounds KW - Standards KW - Solvents KW - Groundwater pollution KW - Vinyl chloride KW - Benzene KW - Trichloroethylene KW - Carbon tetrachloride KW - Dichloroethane KW - Dichlorobenzene KW - Dichloroethylene KW - Trichloroethane KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19091829?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=National+Primary+Drinking+Water+Regulations+for+Volatile+Organic+Chemicals&rft.au=Cotruvo%2C+JA%3BRegelski%2C+M&rft.aulast=Cotruvo&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chemical Detoxification of Dioxin-Contaminated Wastes Using Potassium Polyethylene Glycolate AN - 19091521; 9002601 AB - A chemical destruction technique known as KPEG (potassium polyethylene glycolate) was used successfully in the states of Montana and Washington to detoxify pentachlorophenol (PCP)-oil and spent solvent waste contaminated with dioxin. A mobile treatment unit, mounted on a 45-foot trailer, was employed to process 8,650 gallons of PCP wood-treating chemical waste at the Montana Pole site in Butte, Montana, in July 1986. This waste was generated as the oily phase of groundwater pumped from 21-foot deep recovery wells; after separation and decantation, approximately 3% PCP in light oil was obtained at the rate of 30 to 50 gallons per day. This site represents an inactive wood-treating facility located on a 20 acre, sloping, abandoned mining site, where contamination by dioxins (CDDs) and dibenzofurans (CDFs) has reached an adjacent creek, including groundwater and surface soil. The PCP-oil waste, containing CDD/CDF homologs, was processed in five batches. The treated oil was then pumped from the reactor into a holding tank from which composite samples were removed and sent for analysis. The chemistry of the destruction technique used employs two basic ingredients: potassium hydroxide and polyethylene glycol, which combine to form the reactive agent, KPEG. KPEG chemically removes chlorine atoms from the CDD molecule to form potassium chloride, thus rendering the dioxin molecule non-toxic. A battery of bioassay tests was used to ascertain whether KPEG byproducts (1) bioaccumulated in tissues of organisms, (2) caused cell mutations, or (3) caused immediate harm to fish or mammals. There was no evidence that the byproducts were toxic in any of the tests performed. The KPEG process successfully destroyed CDDs and CDFs in waste PCP-oil. (Author 's abstract) JF - Chemosphere CMSHAF Vol. 18, No. 1-6, p 343-353, 1989. 1 fig, 10 tab, 15 ref. AU - desRosiers, P E AD - Environmental Protection Agency Seattle, WA. Surveillance and Analysis Div Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Water pollution treatment KW - Dehalogenation KW - Pentachlorophenol KW - Wastewater treatment KW - Detoxification KW - Industrial wastes KW - Chemical wastes KW - Oil wastes KW - Organic compounds KW - Groundwater pollution KW - Bioassay KW - Polyethylene glycolate KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19091521?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Chemical+Detoxification+of+Dioxin-Contaminated+Wastes+Using+Potassium+Polyethylene+Glycolate&rft.au=desRosiers%2C+P+E&rft.aulast=desRosiers&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occurrence and Fate of PCDDs and PCDFs in Five Bleached Kraft Pulp and Paper Mills AN - 19091433; 9002617 AB - Due to earlier findings of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD) in fish collected downstream of several pulp and paper mills. Five such mills were subsequently screened to determine, whether the source or sources of 2,3,7,8-TCDD and other polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) were at the plants, and to quantify the untreated wastewater discharge loadings, final effluent discharge loadings, sludge concentrations, and wastewater treatment system efficiency for 2,3,7,8-TCDD and other PCDDs and PCDFs. 2,3,7,8-TCDD and 2,3,7,8-TCDF, were the principal PCDDs and PCDFs found in bleached kraft pulp and paper mill matrices, particularly when considered in light of the EPA 's 2,3,7,8-TCDD toxicity equivalents approach. The relative amounts of these two chemicals found in paper mill matrices were variable from mill to mill, but fairly consistent within a given mill. The distributions of 2,3,7,8-TCDD and 2,3,7,8-TCDF between bleached pulps and bleach plant wastewaters were highly variable form bleach line to bleach line. However, for a given bleach line, there was consistency between the distributions of 2,3,7 ,8-TCDD and 2,3,7,8-TCDF, and for the TCDF/TCDD ratio for the pulp and wastewaters. The distributions of 2,3,7,8-TCDD and 2,3 ,7,8-TCDF among mill exports (bleached pulps, wastewater sludges , and wastewater effluents) were highly variable for the mills studied. Mass balance calculations were difficult to resolve at two mills due to uncertainty in internal process flows, and 2,3 ,7,8-TCDD and 2,3,7,8-TCDF findings near the detection limits for certain samples. However, for three mills with fairly reliable flow estimates and detectable levels of TCDD and TCDF, mass balance calculations yielded agreement within + 30%. (Friedmann-PTT) JF - Chemosphere CMSHAF Vol. 18, No. 1-6, p 1181-1188, 1989. 5 ref. AU - Amendola, G AU - Barna, D AU - Blosser, R AU - LaFleur, L AU - McBride, A AD - Environmental Protection Agency Westlake, OH. Environmental Services Div Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Dioxins KW - Dibenzofurans KW - Aromatic compounds KW - Path of pollutants KW - Fate of pollutants KW - Organic compounds KW - Pulp wastes KW - Kraft mills KW - Pulp and paper industry KW - Industrial wastes KW - Wastewater treatment KW - Sludge disposal KW - Chemical wastes KW - Effluents KW - Chlorinated hydrocarbons KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19091433?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Occurrence+and+Fate+of+PCDDs+and+PCDFs+in+Five+Bleached+Kraft+Pulp+and+Paper+Mills&rft.au=Amendola%2C+G%3BBarna%2C+D%3BBlosser%2C+R%3BLaFleur%2C+L%3BMcBride%2C+A&rft.aulast=Amendola&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chlorinated Humic Acid Mixtures: Criteria for Detection of Disinfection Byproducts in Drinking Water AN - 19090909; 9001529 AB - The feasibility of using a chlorinated humic acid byproduct data base, developed in-house, as a drinking water quality screening tool is discussed. Specifically, a gas chromatographic-mass spectral (GC-MS) data base of more than 780 compounds identified during experiments involving the reaction of humic acids with chlorine has been compiled and systematically compared to GC-MS profiles from extracts of finished drinking water sampled from 10 preselected operating utilities. A major goal of the research was to narrow this library down to a smaller, more significant target compound list that would be representative of the chlorination byproducts most frequently encountered in the finished drinking water of utilities practicing chlorine disinfection. The study also demonstrates the practicality of using the described methodology for concentrating and identifying specific compounds from water samples at low concentrations. (See also W90-01491) (Author 's abstract) JF - Aquatic Humic Substances: Influence on Fate and Treatment of Pollutants. American Chemical Society, Washington DC. 1989. p 681-695, 1 fig, 2 tab, 25 ref. AU - Stevens, A A AU - Moore, LA AU - Slocum, C J AU - Smith, B L AU - Seeger AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH. Drinking Water Research Div Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Water analysis KW - Pollutant identification KW - Water treatment KW - Drinking water KW - Humic acids KW - Chlorinated humic acids KW - Chlorination KW - Byproducts KW - Chromatography KW - Spectroscopy KW - SW 3010:Identification of pollutants KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19090909?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Chlorinated+Humic+Acid+Mixtures%3A+Criteria+for+Detection+of+Disinfection+Byproducts+in+Drinking+Water&rft.au=Stevens%2C+A+A%3BMoore%2C+LA%3BSlocum%2C+C+J%3BSmith%2C+B+L%3BSeeger&rft.aulast=Stevens&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Trihalomethane Precursor and Total Organic Carbon Removal by Conventional Treatment and Carbon AN - 19089800; 9001525 AB - Data from four water-treatment plants (Cincinnati, Ohio; Jefferson Parish, Louisiana; Manchester, New Hampshire; and Evansville, Indiana) were used to describe the performance of conventional treatment and granular activated carbon for removing trihalomethane precursors to meet various treatment goals. Also presented are data for total organic carbon removal, which has been suggested as an organic surrogate for measuring the effectiveness of water treatment. Conventional treatment (coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, and filtration), as used in the four water-treatment plants evaluated, substantially reduced total organic carbon and trihalomethane precursor concentrations. Granular activated carbon may be a treatment alternative to consider for meeting trihalomethane standards as low as 50 micrograms/L. (See also W90-01491) (Author 's abstract) JF - Aquatic Humic Substances: Influence on FAte and Treatment of Pollutants. American Chemical Society, Washington DC. 1989. p 597-621, 15 fig, 5 tab, 12 ref. AU - Lykins, B W AU - Clark, R M AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH. Drinking Water Research Div Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Water treatment KW - Organic carbon KW - Activated carbon KW - Trihalomethanes KW - Coagulation KW - Flocculation KW - Sedimentation KW - Filtration KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19089800?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Trihalomethane+Precursor+and+Total+Organic+Carbon+Removal+by+Conventional+Treatment+and+Carbon&rft.au=Lykins%2C+B+W%3BClark%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=Lykins&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Federal Underground Storage Tank Regulations and Contaminated Soils AN - 19087345; 9003834 AB - Although federal regulations are necessary to initiate cleanup of soils contaminated with petroleum, EPA Office of Underground Storage Tanks (OUST) is enthusiastic about pursuing any activities that will enhance the cleanup of contaminated soil ' outside the regulations. ' One function of the federal government is to provide basic assistance and tools to its franchisees. The greatest need for this approach is in the area of contaminated soils, because so little information currently is available. With the assistance of the Office of Research and Development (ORD), the following two-pronged attack on this problem has been initiated: focus on better understanding the physical and chemical mechanisms that retain and release petroleum that has been absorbed into the soil; and evaluate innovative technologies for transforming existing treatment levels and achieve low level. The objectives of this first project will be: (a) to characterize the mechanism of hydrocarbon migration, retention, and transformation in the saturated, as well as unsaturated zones; and (b) to use this information to improve removal technologies, especially in in situ settings. These objectives could also be described as fate and transport as it applied to corrective action. The second ORD effort will be to evaluate some innovative technologies in the field, somewhat similar to the Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation Program (SITE program). Through the SITE program, EPA will assist in commercially developing and demonstrating the use of promising new technologies at hazardous waste sites. The UST program will try to build on the technology development and experience of SITE 's program. (See also W90-03830) (Lantz-PTT) JF - Petroleum Contaminated Soils. Volume I: Remediation Techniques, Environmental Fate, Risk Assessment. Lewis Publishers, Inc., Chelsea Michigan. 1989. p 55-60, 2 ref. AU - Valentinetti, R A AD - Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC. Office of Underground Storage Tanks Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Underground waste disposal KW - Underground storage KW - Waste disposal KW - Soil contamination KW - Oil pollution KW - Path of pollutants KW - Cleanup operations KW - Technology KW - Hazardous wastes KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19087345?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Federal+Underground+Storage+Tank+Regulations+and+Contaminated+Soils&rft.au=Valentinetti%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Valentinetti&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Issues in Developing National Primary Drinking Water Regulations for Disinfection and Disinfection By-Products AN - 19082910; 9003736 AB - The EPA is required to specify criteria for the disinfection of public water supplies. A number of issues need to be addressed, and further data on the health effects of disinfectants and their by-products are needed before the EPA can specify such criteria. Major issues to be addressed include the potential relationship of the three main disinfectants--chlorine, chlorine dioxide, and chloramine--to cardiovascular disease. For many disinfectants and disinfection by-products, the short-term toxicity has been well characterized. Ozone, however, is one disinfectant for which no toxicity studies are available. Studies have been performed on its by-products; ozone is unstable and does not persist in water to the consumer 's tap. Longer term studies are needed for the chlorinated acids, aldehydes, alcohols and ketones, haloacetonitriles, cyanogen chloride, chloropicrin, brominated trihalomethanes (THMs), chlorine, chlorine dioxide, chlorite, and chlorate. Other issues needing to be given attention include the consequences of the sequencing of disinfectants in the water treatment process. This needs to be studied so that water quality is highest at the lowest risk to health of by-products of disinfection. Promulgation of regulations for these substances is extremely complicated. EPA must keep in mind not only the chemical reactions, toxicology of health effects, benefits of these compounds in controlling microorganisms and in controlling pathogenic disease outbreaks, treatment techniques, and cost feasibilities when trying to set regulatory standards. (See also W90-03730) (Lantz-PTT) JF - Safe Drinking Water Act: Amendments, Regulations and Standards. Lewis Publishers, Inc., Chelsea Michigan. 1989. p 57-69, 1 tab, 43 ref. AU - Cotruvo, JA AU - Regelski, M AD - Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC. Office of Drinking Water Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Water treatment KW - Standards KW - Primary Drinking Water Regulations KW - Disinfection KW - Water quality control KW - Drinking water KW - Disinfectants KW - Chlorides KW - Chlorine dioxide KW - Chloramine KW - Ozone KW - Organic compounds KW - Regulations KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19082910?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Issues+in+Developing+National+Primary+Drinking+Water+Regulations+for+Disinfection+and+Disinfection+By-Products&rft.au=Cotruvo%2C+JA%3BRegelski%2C+M&rft.aulast=Cotruvo&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of Ammonia on Methane Fermentation Processes AN - 19076591; 8907482 AB - The effect of slug and continuous additions of ammonia on anaerobic acetate and propionate enrichment cultures was studied using chemostats. With slug additions, up to 8 g/L of total ammonia-N (TAN) was tolerated at a 15-day solids retention time (SRT); at 40- and 25-day SRTs, at most only 7 g/L of TAN was tolerated. With continuous addition at a 40-day SRT, up to 5 g/L of TAN added did not show any effect, whereas at a 15-day SRT only 2 g/L of TAN could be tolerated. Continuous additions of ammonia showed total-failure and no-effect conditions with relatively small changes in TAN concentrations; at a 40-day SRT, continuous addition of 5 g/L of TAN showed little effect, while a concentration of 6 g/L caused complete failure. Un-ionized ammonia-N (NH3-N) concentrations were calculated from measured TAN and pH; the maximum tolerable NH3-N was about 55 plus or minus 11 mg/L. (Author 's abstract) JF - Journal Water Pollution Control Federation JWPFA5 Vol. 61, No. 1, p 55-59, January 1989. 4 fig, 5 tab, 17 ref. NSF Grant CEE-83-00687. AU - Bhattacharya, S K AU - Parkin, G F AD - Cincinnati Univ. OH. EPA Test and Evaluation Facility Y1 - 1989/01// PY - 1989 DA - Jan 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Wastewater treatment KW - Fermentation KW - Anaerobic conditions KW - Toxicity KW - Ammonia KW - Methane KW - Methane bacteria KW - Chemical reactions KW - Enrichment KW - Culture media KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19076591?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effect+of+Ammonia+on+Methane+Fermentation+Processes&rft.au=Bhattacharya%2C+S+K%3BParkin%2C+G+F&rft.aulast=Bhattacharya&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - GC/MS Identification of Mutagens in Aqueous Chlorinated Humic Acid and Drinking Waters Following HPLC Fractionation of Strong Acid Extracts AN - 19073989; 9001759 AB - Method of identification of chlorination by-products are reviewed and the similarity of mutagenic disinfection by-products in chlorinated humic acid (CHA) and drinking waters is presented. Isolation, fractionation, and derivatization techniques in conjunction with high resolution capillary column GC/MS analysis have proven to be valuable tools in characterizing mutagenic activity in CHA solutions and in drinking waters. The characterization of mutagenic activity in test samples seems to be limited by problems in the analytical methodologies. I spite of improvements in isolation, concentration, and fractionation techniques, it will become necessary in future work to use more advanced mass spectroscopy (MS) techniques such as LC/MS and MS/MS with soft ionization in order to analyze these highly polar and labile constituents directly and quantitatively, thus avoiding derivatization and high temperature GC. The identification of disinfection by-products that are important contributors to the mutagenic activity of drinking water should provide a way of ranking chemicals for further testing in the more expensive animal carcinogenesis bioassays that are currently used to develop regulatory standards for carcinogens. The results of this study indicated that source waters containing significant humic materials produce, when chlorinated under drinking water treatment conditions, many of the same types of mutagenic compounds that are found in CHA solutions. These data indicate that additional health effects and treatment studies are necessary in order to determine the quantitative and qualitative impact of both MX-type compounds and chlorinated strong acids on human health. (See also W90-01750) (Friedmann-PTT) JF - Biohazards of Drinking Water Treatment, Lewis Publishers p 107-121, 1989. 6 fig, 3 tab, 18 ref. AU - Coleman, W E AU - Munch, J W AU - Hodakievic, P A AU - Kopfler, F C AU - Meier, J R AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Pollutant identification KW - Drinking water KW - Gas chromatography KW - Mass spectrometry KW - Chlorination KW - Humic acids KW - Water treatment KW - Disinfection KW - Water quality control KW - Mutagenicity KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - SW 3010:Identification of pollutants KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19073989?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=GC%2FMS+Identification+of+Mutagens+in+Aqueous+Chlorinated+Humic+Acid+and+Drinking+Waters+Following+HPLC+Fractionation+of+Strong+Acid+Extracts&rft.au=Coleman%2C+W+E%3BMunch%2C+J+W%3BHodakievic%2C+P+A%3BKopfler%2C+F+C%3BMeier%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Coleman&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins and Dibenzofurans in Selected Estuarine Sediments AN - 19072332; 9002604 AB - While reports of the concentrations and distributions of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs) in freshwater sediments have been characterized and published, there have been few reports of the distributions of these compounds in marine/estuarine environments. The concentrations of environmentally significant PCDDs and PCDFs were determined for several estuaries, and are compared and contrasted with observed isomer distribution with regard to possible sources of these compounds. It was found that when these isomer distributions were displayed on a log scale, comparisons of various estuarine sediments revealed significant differences. Principal components analyses displayed clusters that suggested relationships with different source materials. PCB contaminated sediments had elevated levels of PCDFs. PCP may be a source of PCDDs in some sediments, and is an endpoint in the principal components plots for this set of data. Principal components analysis based on normalized and log-transformed data seems to quantitate the observed differences in the distributions, and closely group some sets of related samples while contrasting them with other sets. (Friedmann-PTT) JF - Chemosphere CMSHAF Vol. 18, No. 1-6, p 553-560, 1989. 5 fig, 2 tab, 7 ref. AU - Norwood, C B AU - Hackett, M AU - Pruell, R J AU - Butterworth, B C AU - Williamson, K J AD - Environmental Protection Agency Narragansett, RI. Environmental Research Lab Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Water pollution sources KW - Chlorinated hydrocarbons KW - Dioxins KW - Dibenzofurans KW - Aromatic compounds KW - Path of pollutants KW - Organic compounds KW - Estuaries KW - Bottom sediments KW - Aquatic environment KW - Polychlorinated biphenyls KW - Pollutant identification KW - Pentachlorophenol KW - Isomers KW - Fate of pollutants KW - Spatial distribution KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - SW 0890:Estuaries UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19072332?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Polychlorinated+Dibenzo-p-Dioxins+and+Dibenzofurans+in+Selected+Estuarine+Sediments&rft.au=Norwood%2C+C+B%3BHackett%2C+M%3BPruell%2C+R+J%3BButterworth%2C+B+C%3BWilliamson%2C+K+J&rft.aulast=Norwood&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Treatment of Seasonal Pesticides in Surface Waters AN - 19070816; 8907691 AB - The Water Quality Laboratory at Heidelberg College (Tiffin, Ohio) has monitored a number of pesticides in the tributaries of Lake Erie since 1982 as a part of its efforts to assess the impact of agricultural practices on the Great Lakes. Numerous pesticides were monitored in surface waters in agricultural areas. Atrazine, alachlor, metolachlor, cyanazine, metribuzin, carbofuran, linuron, and simazine were found in the influent to three water treatment plants in stormwater runoff. All are were present in agricultural watersheds in microgram-per-liter concentrations for periods of two to six months or longer following application. Studies at these plants, together with bench-scale studies, demonstrated poor control by conventional treatment processes. The relatively high adsorption capacities of these agrochemicals indicate that granular activated carbon can be cost effective for their control. Powdered activated carbon applied at dosages used for the control of tastes and odors can also be effective if moderate percent removal is required. (Author 's abstract) JF - Journal of the American Water Works Association JAWWA5 Vol. 81, No. 1, p 43-52, January 1989. 8 fig, 18 tab, 38 ref. EPA Great Lakes National Program Office Grant R-005727 and Cooperative Agreement CR-813500. AU - Miltner, R J AU - Baker, D B AU - Speth, T F AU - Fronk, CA AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH Y1 - 1989/01// PY - 1989 DA - Jan 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Water pollution treatment KW - Activated carbon KW - Pesticide residues KW - Agricultural runoff KW - Water treatment KW - Herbicides KW - Insecticides KW - Monitoring KW - Adsorption KW - Surface water records KW - Lake Erie KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19070816?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Treatment+of+Seasonal+Pesticides+in+Surface+Waters&rft.au=Miltner%2C+R+J%3BBaker%2C+D+B%3BSpeth%2C+T+F%3BFronk%2C+CA&rft.aulast=Miltner&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - National Primary Drinking Water Regulations for Radionuclides AN - 19068609; 9003735 AB - In 1976, the EPA promulgated the National Interim Drinking Water Regulations (NIPDWR). The Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) of 1974 , as amended in 1986, requires that the EPA now promulgate the National Revised Primary Drinking Water Regulations (NRPDWR). Revised regulations are developed in two steps by establishing maximum contaminant level goals (MCLGs) and maximum contaminant levels (MCLs). Under the 1986 Amendments to the SDWA, these two values are published concurrently for each contaminant--first as proposed regulations and then as final regulations. The NL1PDWRs include both natural and man-made radionuclides. The standards for natural radionuclides include a gross alpha particle standard of 15 pCi/L and a combined 226-Ra and 228-Ra standard of 5 pCi/L. Both radon and uranium are specifically excluded from the gross alpha particle activity because of lack of data and information concerning their occurrence and toxicity. The interim standard for man-made radionuclides is a total dose equivalent of 4 millirems/yr. The MCLGs under development for radionuclides include values for 226-Ra and 228-Ra separately, natural uranium, 222-Rn, gross alpha particle activity and man-made radionuclides. All are estimated to pose carcinogenic risks to humans. A summary of the information compiled to date by the EPA toward development of the NRPDWRs for radionuclides is summarized. Emphasis is given to information available for radium, uranium, and radon, as these are the radioisotopes of primary concern with regard to current regulatory efforts. (See also W90-03730) (Lantz-PTT) JF - Safe Drinking Water Act: Amendments, Regulations and Standards. Lewis Publishers, Inc., Chelsea Michigan. 1989. p 45-55, 8 tab, 3 ref. AU - Ohanian, E V AD - Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC. Criteria and Standards Div Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Primary Drinking Water Regulations KW - Radioisotopes KW - Drinking water KW - Standards KW - Water treatment KW - Water quality control KW - Radium radioisotopes KW - Radon radioisotopes KW - Uranium radioisotopes KW - Radium KW - Uranium KW - Radon KW - Regulations KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19068609?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=National+Primary+Drinking+Water+Regulations+for+Radionuclides&rft.au=Ohanian%2C+E+V&rft.aulast=Ohanian&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Utility of Environmental Fate Models to Regulatory Programs AN - 19068272; 9003838 AB - The role of an environmental fate model in a regulatory agency such as EPA is as a predictive tool useful in estimating both present and potential exposures. The EPA Guidelines for Estimating Exposure define exposure as the contact with a chemical or physical agent. The magnitude of this contact is determined by measuring or estimating the amount of an agent available at the exchange boundaries (i.e., lungs, gut, skin) during some specific time. Three approaches are commonly used to evaluate exposure: (1) direct measurement of exposure; (2) reconstructive exposure assessment approach; and (3) predictive exposure assessment approach. Risk management decisions in EPA depend not only on risk assessment, but also on other factors such as cost and practicability. Environmental fate models can be powerful tools in helping assess both current situations and predicting the results of control alternatives being considered, but fate models themselves do not direct decisions. Models are an important part of a much larger process of risk assessment and risk management, and it is this process that the agency decision makers use to help them make regulatory decisions. (See also W90-03830) (Lantz-PTT) JF - Petroleum Contaminated Soils. Volume I: Remediation Techniques, Environmental Fate, Risk Assessment. Lewis Publishers, Inc., Chelsea Michigan. 1989. p 105-112, 1 fig, 3 tab, 13 ref. AU - Callahan, MA AD - Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC. Office of Research and Development Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Fate of pollutants KW - Management planning KW - Model studies KW - Risk assessment KW - Regulations KW - Population exposure KW - SW 5080:Evaluation, processing and publication KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - SW 4050:Water law and institutions UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19068272?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Utility+of+Environmental+Fate+Models+to+Regulatory+Programs&rft.au=Callahan%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Callahan&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acute Toxicity of Sediment from Eagle Harbor, Washington, to the Infaunal Amphipod Rhepoxynius abronius AN - 19037684; 8910013 AB - Creosote-contaminated sediment from one station (EH08) in Eagle Harbor, Washington, is among the most toxic sediment yet tested from U.S. estuaries and coastal waters. The total concentration of 13 polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in EH08 sediment was 6461 mg/kg (dry weight). The concentrations of phenanthrene and fluoranthene in this sediment were more than two orders of magnitude greater than their acutely lethal concentrations. In dilution experiments with uncontaminated sediment in Yaquina Bay , Oregon, the 4-day LC50 of EH08 sediment to the amphipod Rhepoxynius abronius (Barnard) was 666 mg/kg (wet weight). Sediment from other stations within 150 m of EH08 was not acutely toxic to Rhepoxynius, indicating the patchiness of sediment contamination and toxicity in Eagle Harbor. (Author 's abstract) JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry ETOCDK Vol. 8, No. 3, p 215-222, 1989. 1 fig, 6 tab, 22 ref. EPA cooperative agreement CX812-792-01-0. AU - Swartz, R C AU - Kemp, P F AU - Schults, D W AU - Ditsworth, G R AU - Ozretich, RJ AD - Environmental Protection Agency Narragansett, RI. Environmental Research Lab Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Sediment contamination KW - Eagle Harbor KW - Creosote KW - Water pollution effects KW - Washington KW - Toxicity KW - Organic compounds KW - Amphipods KW - Estuarine sediments KW - Oregon KW - Yaquina Bay KW - Phenanthrene KW - Fluoranthene KW - Spatial variation KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution KW - SW 0890:Estuaries UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19037684?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Acute+Toxicity+of+Sediment+from+Eagle+Harbor%2C+Washington%2C+to+the+Infaunal+Amphipod+Rhepoxynius+abronius&rft.au=Swartz%2C+R+C%3BKemp%2C+P+F%3BSchults%2C+D+W%3BDitsworth%2C+G+R%3BOzretich%2C+RJ&rft.aulast=Swartz&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Presence-Absence Coliform Test for Monitoring Drinking Water Quality AN - 19036278; 8909627 AB - The concern for improved monitoring of the sanitary quality of drinking water has prompted interest in alternative methods for the detection of total coliform bacteria. A simplified qualitative presence-absence test has been proposed as an alternate procedure for detecting coliform bacteria in potable water. Data from four comparative studies were analyzed to compare the recovery of total coliform bacteria from drinking water using the presence-absence test, the multiple fermentation tube procedure, and the membrane filter technique. The four studies were of water samples taken from four different geographic areas of the United States: Hawaii, New England (Vermont and New Hampshire), Oregon, and Pennsylvania. Analyses of the results of these studies were compared, based upon the number of positive samples detected by each method. Combined recoveries showed the presence-absence test detected significantly higher numbers of samples with coliforms than either the fermentation tube or membrane filter methods, P < 0.01. The fermentation tube procedure detected significantly more positive samples than the membrane filter technique, P < 0.01. Based upon the analysis of the combined data base, it is clear that the presence-absence test is as sensitive as the current coliform methods for the examination of potable water. The presence-absence test offers a viable alternative to water utility companies that elect to use the frequency-of-occurrence approach for compliance monitoring. (Author 's abstract) JF - Public Health Reports Vol. 104, No. 1, p 54-58, January-February 1989. 3 fig, 13 ref. AU - Rice, E W AU - Geldreich, EE AU - Read, E J AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH. Microbiological Treatment Branch Y1 - 1989/01// PY - 1989 DA - Jan 1989 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Drinking water KW - Water quality control KW - Monitoring KW - Coliforms KW - Bacteria KW - Membrane filters KW - Analysis of variance KW - Microbiological studies KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19036278?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Presence-Absence+Coliform+Test+for+Monitoring+Drinking+Water+Quality&rft.au=Rice%2C+E+W%3BGeldreich%2C+EE%3BRead%2C+E+J&rft.aulast=Rice&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biodegradability assessment under the Toxic Substances Control Act. AN - 16300158; 2820330 AB - Under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), manufacturers or importers of new chemicals must submit Premanufacture Notices (PMNs) to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 90 days in advance of commercial activity. The assessment of a new chemical's biodegradability is an important part of PMN review. Unfortunately, biodegradability must be estimated for most chemicals, since PMNs seldom contain biodegradation data. The lack of data on close structural analogs has generally precluded use of quantitative structure/biodegradability relationships, and placed heavy emphasis on informed judgment. JF - TOXIC SUBST. J. AU - Boethling, R S AD - US EPA, Washington, DC, USA Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 223 EP - 232 VL - 9 IS - 2-3 KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - biodegradation KW - chemical pollutants KW - USA KW - pollution legislation KW - environmental protection KW - pollution control KW - Q5 08501:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16300158?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=TOXIC+SUBST.+J.&rft.atitle=Biodegradability+assessment+under+the+Toxic+Substances+Control+Act.&rft.au=Boethling%2C+R+S&rft.aulast=Boethling&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=223&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=TOXIC+SUBST.+J.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - chemical pollutants; biodegradation; pollution legislation; environmental protection; pollution control; USA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An evaluation of the fathead minnow seven-day subchronic test for estimating chronic toxicity. AN - 16242993; 2774144 AB - Renewal and flow-through subchronic tests were conducted on fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas ) with nine chemicals and the results compared to early life stage (ELS) or life cycle toxicity values for one water type. In addition, ELS tests were conducted simultaneously with four chemicals to compare 7-d and 32-d test values. Reproducibility of the 7-d test was high. The no observable effect concentrations (NOECs) and lowest observed effect concentrations (LOECs) of the 7-d tests agreed with those of the life cycle test for 60% of the chemicals tested, similar to the agreement of the ELS tests to the life cycle tests for the same chemicals. ELS and 7-d NOECs and LOECs for seven of the nine chemicals agreed within a factor of two. Renewal and flow-through tests agreed well. Growth was the most sensitive parameter for 59% of the tests and survival was the most sensitive for only 11%. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Norberg-King, T J AD - U.S. EPA, Environ. Res. Lab., Duluth, MN 55804, USA Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 1075 EP - 1089 VL - 8 IS - 11 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - chemical pollutants KW - evaluation KW - sublethal effects KW - toxicity tests KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts KW - Pimephales promelas KW - toxicity KW - freshwater fish KW - Freshwater KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16242993?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=An+evaluation+of+the+fathead+minnow+seven-day+subchronic+test+for+estimating+chronic+toxicity.&rft.au=Norberg-King%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=Norberg-King&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1075&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - chemical pollutants; toxicity; freshwater fish; sublethal effects; toxicity tests; evaluation; Pimephales promelas; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Carbon isotopic compositions of estuarine bacteria. AN - 15901368; 2488174 AB - A bioassay was developed to assess the stable carbon isotopic compositions of planktonic bacteria from the Parker River estuary, Massachusetts. A small inoculum of natural bacteria was added to filtered estuarine water, then incubated for 24-48 h until bacteria reached the end of log-phase growth. Bacteria harvested at the end of these bioassays exhibited a wide range of delta super(13)C values from -11.5 ppt (near the -13 ppt value of Spartina ) to -27.4 ppt (near the -29 ppt value of upland C-3 plants). This wide range of delta super(13)C values suggests that bacteria in the estuary use substrates from a variety of primary producers. Experiments with glucose and dissolved organic carbon leached from oak and Spartina leaves showed that bacteria had delta super(13)C values within plus or minus 2 ppt of their growth substrates. The results suggest that carbon isotopic measurements are useful for tracing the linkage between bacteria and the plant sources of substrates that support bacterial growth. JF - Limnology and Oceanography AU - Coffin, R B AU - Fry, B AU - Peterson, B J AU - Wright, R T AD - Tech. Resour., U.S. EPA, Gulf Breeze ERL, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561, USA Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 1305 EP - 1310 VL - 34 IS - 7 SN - 0024-3590, 0024-3590 KW - bacterioplankton KW - carbon KW - carbon isotope ratios KW - composition KW - isotopes KW - Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - USA, Massachusetts KW - estuarine organisms KW - ANW, USA, Massachusetts, Parker Estuary KW - Brackish KW - bioassays KW - primary production KW - organic matter KW - plankton KW - bacteria KW - carbon fixation KW - food webs KW - Q1 08482:Ecosystems and energetics KW - O 1010:Viruses, Bacteria, Protists, Fungi and Plants KW - Q1 08481:Productivity KW - J 02905:Water KW - D 04620:Microorganisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15901368?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Limnology+and+Oceanography&rft.atitle=Carbon+isotopic+compositions+of+estuarine+bacteria.&rft.au=Coffin%2C+R+B%3BFry%2C+B%3BPeterson%2C+B+J%3BWright%2C+R+T&rft.aulast=Coffin&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1305&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Limnology+and+Oceanography&rft.issn=00243590&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - estuarine organisms; bacteria; carbon fixation; primary production; bioassays; organic matter; plankton; food webs; bacterioplankton; USA, Massachusetts; ANW, USA, Massachusetts, Parker Estuary; Brackish ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of menstrual cycle on serum cholinesterase. AN - 15889449; 2491414 AB - This study examined whether the variability in cholinesterase (ChE) values among and within women may be attributed to phase of menstrual cycle and/or circulating progesterone concentration. There was a significant positive correlation between serum ChE and progesterone values only for the two women on oral contraceptives although there were large weekly variations within individuals (CV:4-32%). Age significantly affected ChE values with 36-40 year olds having the lowest values and 30-35 year olds the highest. This variation in serum ChE probably is due to the influence of some sex steroid but, in women, there is not a direct one-to-one relationship between the enzyme and progesterone. However, when interpreting ChE tests used to monitor exposure of women to pesticides age and hormone intake must be considered in order to avoid false positive results. JF - Environmental Research AU - Fairbrother, A AU - Wagner, S L AU - Welch, S AU - Smith, B B AD - U.S. EPA, ERL, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 181 EP - 189 VL - 49 IS - 2 SN - 0013-9351, 0013-9351 KW - menstrual cycle KW - serum KW - cholinesterase KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - toxicity testing KW - man KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15889449?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Research&rft.atitle=Influence+of+menstrual+cycle+on+serum+cholinesterase.&rft.au=Fairbrother%2C+A%3BWagner%2C+S+L%3BWelch%2C+S%3BSmith%2C+B+B&rft.aulast=Fairbrother&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=181&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Research&rft.issn=00139351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - man; toxicity testing ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of food quality on feeding behavior of the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis . AN - 15869193; 2460895 AB - Recent studies of the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis , in nutrient-enriched mesocosms and in Long Island embayments suggest that feeding by this bivalve varies depending on both food quality and food availability. The observed behavior suggests a strategy in which ingestion is endogenously controlled to maintain, rather than maximize, phytoplankton consumption. The behavioral que upon which feeding rate appears to be based is the degree of "dilution" of available phytoplankton by non-phytoplankton particles. This behavior may partly explain observations of reduced bivalve feeding on ambient seston during algal "bloom" condition. However, this strategy was ineffective (i.e. growth was reduced) when food quality varied due to novel changes in seston composition, including 1) a non-algal diet of high particulate organic content and 2) the shift in phytoplankton composition to a noxious algal species. The implications of these results in regard to the evolution of the bivalve feeding strategy will be discussed. JF - Journal of Shellfish Research AU - Tracey, G A AD - Sci. Appl. Corp., c/o EPA, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 473 VL - 8 IS - 2 SN - 0730-8000, 0730-8000 KW - feeding behaviour KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts KW - food availability KW - Marine KW - phytoplankton KW - Mytilus edulis KW - Q3 08583:Shellfish culture KW - Q1 08583:Shellfish culture KW - Q1 08423:Behaviour KW - O 5060:Aquaculture KW - Q1 08425:Nutrition and feeding habits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15869193?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Shellfish+Research&rft.atitle=Effects+of+food+quality+on+feeding+behavior+of+the+blue+mussel%2C+Mytilus+edulis+.&rft.au=Tracey%2C+G+A&rft.aulast=Tracey&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=473&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Shellfish+Research&rft.issn=07308000&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Summary only. N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - food availability; phytoplankton; Mytilus edulis; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Function of brown cells in Crassostrea virginica and Mercenaria mercenaria . AN - 15866856; 2457886 AB - Brown cells of Crassostrea virginica and Mercenaria mercenaria are involved in the excretory process. As much as 50% of Ni and 30% of Cd added were detected in brown cells 15 minutes after introduction to cell isolates. Accumulation increased linearly with solute concentration and stopped when equilibrium was reached between intracellular and extracellular Ni and Cd concentrations. Brown cell isolates were separated into three fractions on a discontinuous Percoll gradient. Assays with lysates from each fraction indicated the presence of acid phosphatase, glutathione reductase and lysozyme. Lysozyme and acid phosphatase are good markers for lysosomes, therefore, their presence in brown vesicles suggested that these vesicles are secondary lysosomes. It appeared that brown cells function in accumulation and detoxification of inorganic and organic compounds. JF - Journal of Shellfish Research AU - Zaroogian, GE AU - Yevich, P P AD - U.S. EPA, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 439 EP - 440 VL - 8 IS - 2 SN - 0730-8000, 0730-8000 KW - brown cells KW - heavy metals KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts KW - Marine KW - detoxification KW - pollution indicators KW - histopathology KW - Crassostrea virginica KW - excretion KW - Mercenaria mercenaria KW - Q3 08583:Shellfish culture KW - Q1 08266:Physiology, biochemistry, biophysics KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - O 8050:Conferences UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15866856?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Shellfish+Research&rft.atitle=Function+of+brown+cells+in+Crassostrea+virginica+and+Mercenaria+mercenaria+.&rft.au=Zaroogian%2C+GE%3BYevich%2C+P+P&rft.aulast=Zaroogian&rft.aufirst=GE&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=439&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Shellfish+Research&rft.issn=07308000&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Summary only. N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - detoxification; pollution indicators; histopathology; excretion; Crassostrea virginica; Mercenaria mercenaria; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Test for effects of eutrophication on the toxicity of copper to the blue mussel Mytilus edulis . AN - 15864461; 2458765 AB - The effects of eutrophication on the toxicity of copper (Cu) to the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis , was tested using outdoor, 13,000 L experimental marine ecosystems (mesocosms). A single addition of CuSO sub(4) to each of 3 mesocosms elevated background Cu by 40 mu g/L. While total and dissolved Cu concentrations were similar among treatments over time, particulate-bound Cu concentrations were higher in treatments of lower nutrient enrichment. Bioenergetics measurements were made in the laboratory under standardized conditions in order to elucidate persistent treatment effects. After 4 days exposure, reduced clearance rates and reduced assimilation efficiencies of test algae were observed in mussels from treatments which had higher particulate Cu. After 32 days exposure, reduced assimilation efficiencies were noted in all Cu treatments in comparison to the control. These results suggested that eutrophication may modify the availability of biologically active Cu species. In addition, Cu uptake through food may have been a toxicologically significant route of exposure. JF - Journal of Shellfish Research AU - Tracey, G A AD - Science Applications International Corp., c/o EPA, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 439 VL - 8 IS - 2 SN - 0730-8000, 0730-8000 KW - copper KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts KW - Marine KW - ecophysiology KW - toxicity KW - eutrophication KW - Mytilus edulis KW - bioenergetics KW - Q3 08583:Shellfish culture KW - Q1 08482:Ecosystems and energetics KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - O 8050:Conferences UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15864461?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Shellfish+Research&rft.atitle=Test+for+effects+of+eutrophication+on+the+toxicity+of+copper+to+the+blue+mussel+Mytilus+edulis+.&rft.au=Tracey%2C+G+A&rft.aulast=Tracey&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=439&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Shellfish+Research&rft.issn=07308000&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Summary only. N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - ecophysiology; toxicity; eutrophication; bioenergetics; Mytilus edulis; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of freezing on toxicity of sediments contaminated with DDT and endrin. AN - 15837258; 2430877 AB - Two freshwater sediments containing 3 and 11% total organic carbon (TOC) were spiked with DDT and endrin to compare the effects of cold (4 degree C) and frozen (-20 degree C) storage of the sediment on toxicity to the amphipod Hyalella azteca in 10-d tests. Toxicity of the DDT-spiked sediment was reduced when it was frozen for 14 d. LC50 values for cold-stored and frozen-stored sediments were 4.2 and 7.3 mu g/g DDT (calculated on dry solids basis) at 3% sediment TOC and 11.1 and 23.2 mu g/g DDT at 11% sediment TOC, respectively. Toxicity of the 3% TOC endrin-spiked sediment was reduced by freezing; it exhibited LC50s of 5.1 and 7.7 mu g/g endrin, respectively, for cold and frozen storage. Toxicity of endrin in two tests in the 11% TOC sediment remained essentially unchanged by freezing. LC50s were 19.6 and 21.7 mu g/g endrin for cold and frozen sediments in one test and 10.3 and 9.8 mu g/g endrin in the second test. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Schuytema, G S AU - Nebeker, A V AU - Griffis, W L AU - Miller, CE AD - ERL, U.S. EPA, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 883 EP - 891 VL - 8 IS - 10 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - DDT KW - cold storage KW - crustaceans KW - endrin KW - freezing KW - freshwater crustaceans KW - pesticides (organochlorine) KW - pollutant persistence KW - toxicity KW - toxicity tests KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Toxicology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Freshwater KW - Hyalella azteca KW - freshwater pollution KW - sediments KW - pesticides KW - X 24131:Acute exposure KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15837258?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Effects+of+freezing+on+toxicity+of+sediments+contaminated+with+DDT+and+endrin.&rft.au=Schuytema%2C+G+S%3BNebeker%2C+A+V%3BGriffis%2C+W+L%3BMiller%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Schuytema&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=883&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - cold storage; DDT; sediments; freshwater pollution; pollutant persistence; freezing; freshwater crustaceans; pesticides; Hyalella azteca; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Factors controlling the removal of sulfate and acidity from the waters of an acidified lake. AN - 15829914; 2441342 AB - Although Lake Anna, an impoundment in Central Virginia, receives acid mine drainage (AMD) from Contrary Creek, the effects of the AMD pollution on the lake are less severe than expected. Previous work at Lake Anna has shown that bacterial sulfate reduction in the lake sediments plays an important role in the recovery of the lake from the AMD inputs. Sulfate removal rates were measured in sediment microcosms under a variety of experimental conditions to determine the factors controlling the rate of sulfate and acidity removal from the lake water. Microcosms with Fe had significantly higher rates of sulfate removal indicating that Fe plays an important role in transporting sulfate to the sediment and/or in preventing oxidation of the reduced sulfide. JF - Water, Air, & Soil Pollution AU - Herlihy, A T AU - Mills, AL AD - U.S. EPA, Environ. Res. Lab., 200 SW 35th St., Corvallis, OR 97333, USA Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 135 EP - 155 VL - 45 IS - 1-2 SN - 0049-6979, 0049-6979 KW - USA, Virginia, Anna L. KW - Virginia, Anna L. KW - chemical limnology KW - geochemical cycle KW - mine tailings KW - sediment chemistry KW - sulphate reduction KW - sulphates KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - acids KW - biogeochemistry KW - Freshwater KW - acidity KW - limnology KW - bacteria KW - freshwater pollution KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - Q2 09184:Composition of water KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - Q2 09187:Geochemistry of sediments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15829914?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.atitle=Factors+controlling+the+removal+of+sulfate+and+acidity+from+the+waters+of+an+acidified+lake.&rft.au=Herlihy%2C+A+T%3BMills%2C+AL&rft.aulast=Herlihy&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=135&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.issn=00496979&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - sulphates; acids; limnology; biogeochemistry; bacteria; chemical limnology; freshwater pollution; sediment chemistry; acidity; sulphate reduction; geochemical cycle; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Polychlorinated dibenzofurans and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins in Great Lakes fish: A baseline and interlake comparison. AN - 15827937; 2431018 AB - Fish from each of the Great Lakes and Lake St. Clair were analyzed for 10 congeners of polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and 8 congeners of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs). PCDFs and PCDDs were identified above detection limits in samples from each lake. Concentrations of PCDFs, principally 2,3,7,8-TCDF, were highest (102.4 ng/kg) in Lake Michigan lake trout and lowest in late trout from Lake Superior (20.9 ng/kg). Total PCDD concentrations ranged from 7.2 ng/kg in Lake Superior lake trout in 64.5 ng/kg in Lake Ontario lake trout. Concentrations of 2,3,7,8-TCDD ranged from 1.0 ng/kg in Lake Superior lake trout to 48.9 ng/kg in lake trout from Lake Ontario. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Vault, Dde AU - Dunn, W AU - Bergqvist, P-A AU - Wiberg, K AU - Rappe, C AD - U.S. EPA, Great Lakes Natl. Program Off., Chicago, IL 60604, USA Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 1013 EP - 1022 VL - 8 IS - 11 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - Great Lakes KW - St. Clair L. KW - aromatics KW - chemical pollutants KW - comparative studies KW - freshwater fish KW - freshwater pollution KW - pollutant detection KW - polychlorinated dibenzo(p)dioxins KW - polychlorinated dibenzofurans KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Toxicology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Freshwater KW - bioaccumulation KW - Pisces KW - North America, St. Clair L. KW - North America, Great Lakes KW - pollution effects KW - pollution detection KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - X 24156:Environmental impact KW - X 24153:Metabolism KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - X 24133:Metabolism KW - X 24136:Environmental impact UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15827937?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Polychlorinated+dibenzofurans+and+polychlorinated+dibenzo-p-dioxins+in+Great+Lakes+fish%3A+A+baseline+and+interlake+comparison.&rft.au=Vault%2C+Dde%3BDunn%2C+W%3BBergqvist%2C+P-A%3BWiberg%2C+K%3BRappe%2C+C&rft.aulast=Vault&rft.aufirst=Dde&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1013&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - chemical pollutants; comparative studies; freshwater fish; aromatics; pollution detection; pollution effects; bioaccumulation; Pisces; North America, St. Clair L.; North America, Great Lakes; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reply (to: Different interpretations of the importance of internal alkalinity generation in the alkalinity budgets of lakes and watersheds: A response). AN - 15827443; 2427004 JF - Water, Air, & Soil Pollution AU - Schaffer, P W AU - Hooper, R P AU - Eshleman, K N AU - Church, M R AD - NSI Technol. Serv., U.S. EPA Environ. Res. Lab., 200 SW 35th St., Corvallis, OR 97333, USA Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 179 EP - 182 VL - 47 IS - 1-2 SN - 0049-6979, 0049-6979 KW - chemical limnology KW - water hardness KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - acids KW - lakes KW - watersheds KW - Freshwater KW - limnology KW - acidification KW - alkalinity KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - Q2 09184:Composition of water UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15827443?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.atitle=Reply+%28to%3A+Different+interpretations+of+the+importance+of+internal+alkalinity+generation+in+the+alkalinity+budgets+of+lakes+and+watersheds%3A+A+response%29.&rft.au=Schaffer%2C+P+W%3BHooper%2C+R+P%3BEshleman%2C+K+N%3BChurch%2C+M+R&rft.aulast=Schaffer&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=179&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.issn=00496979&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - acids; limnology; water hardness; lakes; acidification; watersheds; alkalinity; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Statistical modeling of PM sub(10) sampling effectiveness data. AN - 15825502; 2424455 AB - A flexible distribution is used to fit experimental particulate-sampling effectiveness data by the linear expression of a logarithmically transformed aerodynamic diameter. This model, originally proposed for application to quantal-assay studies, is useful for judging whether the fit of simpler models, such as the logistic or probit, can be improved. The main practical advantage is that it facilitates accurate computation of expected particulate mass concentrations, as specified in the Code of Federal Regulations regarding performance specifications for PM sub(10) samplers. An unresolved problem is the exceedingly precise estimates of particle diameter corresponding to a sampling effectiveness value that may no reflect the true situation. JF - Aerosol Science & Technology AU - Holland, D M AU - Fitz-Simons, T R AD - Environ. Monit. Syst. Lab., Off. Res. and Dev., EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 475 EP - 481 VL - 10 IS - 3 SN - 0278-6826, 0278-6826 KW - particle size KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - aerodynamics KW - statistical analysis KW - air sampling KW - sampling methods KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15825502?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aerosol+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Statistical+modeling+of+PM+sub%2810%29+sampling+effectiveness+data.&rft.au=Holland%2C+D+M%3BFitz-Simons%2C+T+R&rft.aulast=Holland&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=475&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aerosol+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=02786826&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - sampling methods; aerodynamics; statistical analysis; air sampling ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The 1987 Toxics Release Inventory: An introduction. AN - 15820492; 2421398 AB - The 1987 Toxics Release Inventory was mandated by the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act enacted by Congress in October of 1986. The law, also known as Title III of the Superfund Amendments, is based on the premise that citizens have a "right-to-know" about toxic chemicals in their communities, and has two main purposes: to encourage planning for response to chemical accidents; and to provide the public and the government information about possible chemical hazards in their communities. The law requires states to establish State Emergency Response Commissions and Local Emergency Planning Committees to collect detailed information of local manufacturers. The law further requires certain manufacturers to report to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and to States the amounts of over 300 toxic chemicals that they release directly to air, water, or land, or that they transport to off-site facilities. JF - TOXIC SUBST. J. AU - Anonymous AD - U.S. EPA, Washington, DC, USA Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 327 EP - 351 VL - 9 IS - 4 KW - EPA KW - 1987 Toxic Release Inventory KW - Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - toxic materials KW - legislation KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - H SE3.5:STANDARDS, LAWS, REGULATIONS, AND POLICY UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15820492?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=TOXIC+SUBST.+J.&rft.atitle=The+1987+Toxics+Release+Inventory%3A+An+introduction.&rft.au=Anonymous&rft.aulast=Anonymous&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=327&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=TOXIC+SUBST.+J.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - legislation; toxic materials ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hydrolysis of chlorostilbene oxide: I. Hydrolysis in homogeneous systems. AN - 15803252; 2414848 AB - The hydrolysis kinetics of 4-chlorostilbene oxide (CSO) in buffered distilled water, in natural waters and in sediment-associated water are reported. The disappearance of CSO followed pseudo-first-order kinetics in buffered distilled water over the experimental pH range of 3 to 11. Below pH 5, acid-catalyzed hydrolysis dominates, with a second-order rate constant of 11.3 ( plus or minus 1.0) M super(-1) min super(-1). Above pH 5, hydrolysis is independent of pH, with a rate constant of 1.02 ( plus or minus 0.12) x 10 super(-4) min super(-1) at 25 degree C. In natural waters, the hydrolysis rate constant of CSO had an average value of 0.59 ( plus or minus 0.12) x 10 super(-4) min super(-1). In sediment-associated water, the observed rate constant was 1.70 ( plus or minus 0.05) x 10 super(-4) min super(-1). Sorption of CSO to the humic materials in natural waters and biotic effects in sediment-associated water appropriately explain the differences from sterile buffer solutions. Buffer catalysis was observed, but on the other hand, a negative ionic strength effect was determined. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - El-Sayed Metwally, M AU - Wolfe, N L AD - Environ. Res. Lab., U.S. EPA, Athens, GA 30613, USA Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 553 EP - 562 VL - 8 IS - 7 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - hydrolysis KW - natural water KW - chlorostilbene oxide KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - catalysis KW - sediments KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - H SE3.21:WATER POLLUTION/WATER QUALITY UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15803252?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Hydrolysis+of+chlorostilbene+oxide%3A+I.+Hydrolysis+in+homogeneous+systems.&rft.au=El-Sayed+Metwally%2C+M%3BWolfe%2C+N+L&rft.aulast=El-Sayed+Metwally&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=553&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - catalysis; sediments ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regional relationships between geomorphic/hydrologic parameters and surface water chemistry relative to acidic deposition. AN - 15803000; 2411301 AB - The authors determined geomorphic and hydrologic parameters for 144 forested, lake watersheds in the Northeast (NE) of the United States based primarily on measurements from topographic maps. These parameters were used to test for relationships with selected surface water chemistry relevant to acidic deposition. Analyses were conducted on regional and subregional scales delineated based on soils, land use, physiography, total sulfur deposition and statistical clustering of selected geomorphic/hydrologic parameters. Elevation had the most significant relationship with surface water chemistry, particularly in the mountainous areas. Other significant predictors of surface water chemistry were maximum relief, relief ratio, runoff, and estimates of basin elongation. Results suggest that elevational parameters might be surrogates for other watershed characteristics, such as soils or spatial deposition patterns. Stream order was a significant class variable with lower order systems tending to be associated with low pH and acid neutralizing capacity high sulfate and total aluminum. JF - Journal of Hydrology (Amsterdam) AU - Rochelle, B P AU - Liff, C I AU - Campbell, W G AU - Cassell, D L AU - Church, M R AU - Nusz, R A AD - U.S. EPA, 200 SW 35th St., Corvallis, OR 97333, USA Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 103 EP - 120 VL - 112 IS - 1-2 SN - 0022-1694, 0022-1694 KW - USA, Inland Waters KW - accumulation KW - acid deposition KW - aluminium KW - chemical limnology KW - inland water KW - inland waters KW - sulphur KW - watersheds KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - chemical analysis KW - Freshwater KW - limnology KW - freshwater pollution KW - acidification KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - Q2 09184:Composition of water UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15803000?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.atitle=Regional+relationships+between+geomorphic%2Fhydrologic+parameters+and+surface+water+chemistry+relative+to+acidic+deposition.&rft.au=Rochelle%2C+B+P%3BLiff%2C+C+I%3BCampbell%2C+W+G%3BCassell%2C+D+L%3BChurch%2C+M+R%3BNusz%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Rochelle&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=112&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=103&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.issn=00221694&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - sulphur; chemical analysis; limnology; inland waters; aluminium; chemical limnology; freshwater pollution; acidification; accumulation; acid deposition; inland water; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The case for methanol. AN - 15780861; 2383752 AB - The authors maintain that a move to pure methanol fuel would reduce vehicular emissions of hydrocarbons and greenhouse gases and could lessen U.S. dependence on foreign energy sources. JF - Scientific American AU - Gray, CL Jr AU - Alson, JA AD - U.S. EPA, Emiss. Control Technol. Div., Ann Arbor, MI, USA Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 108 EP - 115 VL - 261 IS - 5 SN - 0036-8733, 0036-8733 KW - methanol KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - automotive exhaust emissions KW - hydrocarbons KW - emission control KW - fuel technology KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15780861?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scientific+American&rft.atitle=The+case+for+methanol.&rft.au=Gray%2C+CL+Jr%3BAlson%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Gray&rft.aufirst=CL&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=261&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=108&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Scientific+American&rft.issn=00368733&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - hydrocarbons; emission control; automotive exhaust emissions; fuel technology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Health effects of inhaled radon progeny. AN - 15780722; 2383670 AB - Contents: I. Introduction II. Epidemiological Studies of the Health Effects of Radon III. General Comments on Epidemiology Studies IV. Population Risk Assessment and Discussion. JF - J. ENVIRON. SCI. HEALTH, PART C. AU - Cothern, C R AD - Sci. Adv. Board, A-101F, U.S. EPA, Washington, DC 20460, USA Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 75 EP - 108 VL - 7 IS - 1 KW - public health KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - epidemiology KW - radon KW - risk assessment KW - H SM3.9.1:RADIATION HAZARDS KW - P 8000:RADIATION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15780722?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+ENVIRON.+SCI.+HEALTH%2C+PART+C.&rft.atitle=Health+effects+of+inhaled+radon+progeny.&rft.au=Cothern%2C+C+R&rft.aulast=Cothern&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=75&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=J.+ENVIRON.+SCI.+HEALTH%2C+PART+C.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - epidemiology; radon; risk assessment ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of the toxicity of marine sediments and dredge spoils with the Microtox) bioassay. AN - 15729664; 2350525 AB - The Microtox) bioassay was used to evaluate the toxicity of sediment and dredge spoil elutriates from several potentially-contaminated sites in Mobile and Pascagoula Bays. Elutriates were prepared using either local seawater or distilled deionized water (osmotically adjusted with NaCl prior to testing), and Microtox) assays were performed with the elutriates and three reference toxicants. There were marked differences in the toxicity of several elutriates and reference toxicants in the two different waters, with the seawater generally resulting in the same or lesser toxicity than the osmotically-adjusted distilled deionized water. JF - Chemosphere AU - Ankley, G T AU - Hoke, R A AU - Giesy, J P AU - Winger, P V AD - U.S. EPA, Environ. Res. Lab., 6201 Congdon Blvd., Duluth, MN 55804, USA Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 2069 EP - 2075 VL - 18 IS - 9-10 SN - 0045-6535, 0045-6535 KW - ASW, USA, Mississippi, Pascagoula Bay KW - Alabama, Mobile Bay KW - Microtox) KW - Mississippi, Pascagoula Bay KW - marine pollution KW - sediments KW - toxicity tests KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts KW - Marine KW - ASW, USA, Alabama, Mobile Bay KW - bioassays KW - sediment pollution KW - toxicants KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - O 4080:Pollution - Control and Prevention KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - Q5 08502:Methods and instruments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15729664?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+the+toxicity+of+marine+sediments+and+dredge+spoils+with+the+Microtox%29+bioassay.&rft.au=Ankley%2C+G+T%3BHoke%2C+R+A%3BGiesy%2C+J+P%3BWinger%2C+P+V&rft.aulast=Ankley&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=9-10&rft.spage=2069&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere&rft.issn=00456535&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - bioassays; toxicity tests; sediment pollution; toxicants; ASW, USA, Alabama, Mobile Bay; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxicological evaluation of by-products from chemically dechlorinated 2,3,7,8-TCDD. AN - 15729511; 2349728 AB - Previous studies have shown that halogenated organics can be dechlorinated by a chemical treatment consisting of potassium hydroxide, polyethylene glycol 400, and dimethyl sulfoxide (KPEG). We have evaluated the mutagenicity (in Salmonella TA98 and TA100) and toxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) that had been treated with KPEG. Neither the KPEG solution itself nor the KPEG-treated TCDD solution were mutagenic to Salmonella TA98 in the presence or absence of rat liver S9. The KPEG-treated TCDD was not toxic to guinea pigs. Based on the dosages used in these studies, by-products from the dechlorination of TCDD with KPEG were less than 1/350th as toxic to the guinea pig as TCDD itself. JF - Chemosphere AU - DeMarini, D M AU - Simmons, JE AD - Health Eff. Res. Lab., U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 2293 EP - 2301 VL - 18 IS - 11-12 SN - 0045-6535, 0045-6535 KW - toxicology KW - by products KW - guinea pigs KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - TCDD KW - chemical treatment KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15729511?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=Toxicological+evaluation+of+by-products+from+chemically+dechlorinated+2%2C3%2C7%2C8-TCDD.&rft.au=DeMarini%2C+D+M%3BSimmons%2C+JE&rft.aulast=DeMarini&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=11-12&rft.spage=2293&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere&rft.issn=00456535&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - TCDD; chemical treatment ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of the insect growth regulator methoprene in natural waters by capillary gas-liquid chromatography. AN - 15723280; 2349644 AB - Residues of methoprene were measured in natural waters by capillary gas-liquid chromatography (GLC). Methoprene was extracted in the field by liquid-liquid partitioning with dichloromethane, transported to the laboratory, and extracted a second time with hexane. The extracts were dried with Na sub(2)SO sub(4) and analyzed by Capillary GLC on a 15m x 0.25mm, DB-5 capillary column using a hydrogen flame ionization detector. The recovery of methoprene from natural waters was 107.6 plus or minus 20.2% (n = 18). Methoprene was detected in 3 of 5 sites samples and ranged from 0.39 to 8.8 mu g/L. JF - Chemosphere AU - Knuth, M L AD - U.S. EPA, Environ. Res. Lab., 6201 Congdon Blvd., Duluth, MN 55804, USA Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 2275 EP - 2281 VL - 18 IS - 11-12 SN - 0045-6535, 0045-6535 KW - natural water KW - methoprene KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - residues KW - liquid chromatography KW - gas chromatography KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15723280?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=Determination+of+the+insect+growth+regulator+methoprene+in+natural+waters+by+capillary+gas-liquid+chromatography.&rft.au=Knuth%2C+M+L&rft.aulast=Knuth&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=11-12&rft.spage=2275&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere&rft.issn=00456535&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - gas chromatography; liquid chromatography; residues ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relationships between temperature units and sensitivity to handling for coho salmon and rainbow trout embryos. AN - 15717470; 2333698 AB - The relationship between embryo development, expressed as cumulative temperature units (TU; the number of TU is the difference between the daily mean temperature and 0 degree C), and the timing of the period during which embryos are sensitive to handling was determined for coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch ) and rainbow trout (O. mykiss , formerly Salmo gairdneri ). Each day after fertilization, a different group of embryos was subjected to standardized handling stress; subsequent survival in the group was compared to that of unhandled controls. Both species were incubated at three temperatures. The sensitive developmental stages (when handling significantly lowered survival; P less than or equal to 0.05) for coho salmon embryos was 90-139 TU at a mean incubation temperature of 8.9 degree C, 95-145 TU at 10.5 degree C, and 84-124 TU at 12.7 degree C. Minimum survival (about 20%) occurred at 111, 115, and 98 TU for temperatures of 8.9, 10.5, and 12.7 degree C, respectively. Rainbow trout embryos survived significantly less well when handled at 99 and 98 TU for incubation temperature of 9.3 and 10.4 degree C, respectively, but they evidenced no sensitivity to handling when incubated at 11.5 degree C. JF - Progressive Fish-Culturist AU - Johnson, S C AU - Chapman, G A AU - Stevens, D G AD - U.S. EPA, Hatfield Mar. Sci. Cent., Newport, OR 97365, USA Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 61 EP - 68 VL - 51 IS - 2 SN - 0033-0779, 0033-0779 KW - Salmo gairdneri KW - fish handling KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts KW - Marine KW - embryonic development KW - biological stress KW - toxicity tests KW - Oncorhynchus mykiss KW - fish physiology KW - temperature effects KW - Freshwater KW - Oncorhynchus kisutch KW - Q1 08346:Physiology, biochemistry, biophysics KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - Q5 08502:Methods and instruments KW - Q3 08582:Fish culture KW - Q1 08344:Reproduction and development KW - O 5060:Aquaculture KW - Q1 08582:Fish culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15717470?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Progressive+Fish-Culturist&rft.atitle=Relationships+between+temperature+units+and+sensitivity+to+handling+for+coho+salmon+and+rainbow+trout+embryos.&rft.au=Johnson%2C+S+C%3BChapman%2C+G+A%3BStevens%2C+D+G&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=61&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Progressive+Fish-Culturist&rft.issn=00330779&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - embryonic development; biological stress; toxicity tests; fish physiology; temperature effects; Oncorhynchus mykiss; Oncorhynchus kisutch; Marine; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of zinc exposure on subsequent acute tolerance to heavy metals in rainbow trout. AN - 15713444; 2335638 AB - The purposes of the tests described in this paper were: to investigate the potential for increased tolerance to zinc; to evaluate correlations between tolerance and liver metallothionein level; to go beyond simple one-step acclimation by increasing the acclimation levels as tolerance developed; to measure loss of tolerance following transfer of acclimated fish to control water; and to determine if zinc acclimation led to increased tolerance to copper and cadmium. Trout used in these tests were juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss ). JF - Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology AU - Anadu, DI AU - Chapman, G A AU - Curtis, L R AU - Tubb, R A AD - U.S. EPA, Hatfield Mar. Sci. Cent., Newport, OR 97365, USA Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 329 EP - 336 VL - 43 IS - 4 SN - 0007-4861, 0007-4861 KW - Salmo gairdneri KW - acclimation KW - cadmium KW - copper KW - heavy metals KW - toxicity tolerance KW - zinc KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Toxicology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts KW - Oncorhynchus mykiss KW - Freshwater KW - toxicity KW - O 4020:Pollution - Organisms/Ecology/Toxicology KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - Q3 08582:Fish culture KW - X 24161:Acute exposure KW - Q1 08582:Fish culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15713444?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+zinc+exposure+on+subsequent+acute+tolerance+to+heavy+metals+in+rainbow+trout.&rft.au=Anadu%2C+DI%3BChapman%2C+G+A%3BCurtis%2C+L+R%3BTubb%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Anadu&rft.aufirst=DI&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=329&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bulletin+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.issn=00074861&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - zinc; acclimation; toxicity; copper; cadmium; heavy metals; Oncorhynchus mykiss; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inexpensive method for repair of YSI model 403 thermistor probes. AN - 15707920; 2333154 AB - An inexpensive method of refurbishing failed YSI (Yellow Springs Instrument) thermistor probes by use of epoxy resin has been developed. The faulty thermistor is severed, a new one is soldered on, and the unit is sealed with epoxy resin in a glass test tube. JF - Progressive Fish-Culturist AU - Herman, L J AD - U.S. EPA, Environ. Res. Lab., 6201 Congdon Blvd., Duluth, MN 55804, USA Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 170 EP - 171 VL - 51 IS - 3 SN - 0033-0779, 0033-0779 KW - repair KW - thermistors KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - epoxy resins KW - leaks KW - aquaculture equipment KW - Freshwater KW - Q2 09142:Methods and instruments KW - O 2090:Instruments/Methods KW - Q3 08581:Aquaculture: General KW - Q1 08581:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15707920?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Progressive+Fish-Culturist&rft.atitle=Inexpensive+method+for+repair+of+YSI+model+403+thermistor+probes.&rft.au=Herman%2C+L+J&rft.aulast=Herman&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=170&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Progressive+Fish-Culturist&rft.issn=00330779&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - epoxy resins; aquaculture equipment; leaks; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ecological effects of dredged materials disposal. AN - 15678364; 2308738 AB - With the ban on ocean disposal of all wastes, except dredged materials, the ecological effects of dredged materials dumped in estuaries and coastal waters are receiving increased attention. From a review of recent and relevant literature, and an analysis of several case studies, it appears that adverse effects (principally smothering) are most likely to occur at frequently used small sites in confined waterways (fjords, narrow estuaries, etc.). Disposal of sand and other non-toxic materials in large estuaries or open coastal waters apparently has no lasting impact. However, concerns may be raised about a small percentage of dredged sediments with significant toxics contamination. Methods for assessing the toxicity of dredged materials, and the potential for release of toxic chemicals from disposal sites, are essential for a more complete understanding of the ecological effects of dredged material disposal. JF - OCEANS '89. pp. 136-138. 1989. AU - Valdes-Cogliano, S AU - Hinckley, D AU - Holm, H W AD - Sci.-Policy Integr. Branch, Off. Policy Anal. (PM-220), U.S. EPA, Washington, DC 20460, USA Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 136 EP - 138 KW - coastal water KW - dredge spoil KW - literature reviews KW - reviews KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Ecology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Oceanic Abstracts KW - IEEE-89CH2780-5 KW - marine pollution KW - estuaries KW - coastal waters KW - pollution effects KW - Marine KW - pollution monitoring KW - environmental impact KW - ocean dumping KW - waste disposal KW - D 04803:Pollution effects KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - O 8050:Conferences KW - Q5 08501:General KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT KW - Q5 08521:Mechanical and natural changes KW - Q2 09384:Dredging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15678364?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Aquatic+Science+%26+Fisheries+Abstracts+%28ASFA%29+3%3A+Aquatic+Pollution+%26+Environmental+Quality&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Valdes-Cogliano%2C+S%3BHinckley%2C+D%3BHolm%2C+H+W&rft.aulast=Valdes-Cogliano&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=136&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Ecological+effects+of+dredged+materials+disposal.&rft.title=Ecological+effects+of+dredged+materials+disposal.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - ocean dumping; estuaries; pollution monitoring; coastal waters; literature reviews; marine pollution; environmental impact; pollution effects; waste disposal; reviews; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ambient air hydroxyl radical concentrations: Measurements and model predictions. AN - 15672653; 2306068 AB - This review critically examines the limited number of recent near surface measurements of hydroxyl radicals in urban and rural areas. Predictions of average tropospheric, hemispheric and/or zonal concentrations of hydroxyl radicals from methylchloroform and carbon monoxide concentrations and models are discussed. The limitations of one- and two-dimensional model predictions of zonal and seasonal hydroxyl concentrations receive detailed consideration. Of aspecial concern on a regional scale are cloud cover effects on the penetration of ultraviolet radiation below 320 mu m which is critical to the subsequent reactions forming hydroxyl radicals. JF - JAPCA - J. AIR WASTE MANAGE. ASSOC. AU - Altshuller, A P AD - Atmos. Res. and Expos. Assess. Lab., U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 704 EP - 708 VL - 39 IS - 5 KW - urban areas KW - hydroxyl radicals KW - monitoring measurements KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - air quality KW - rural areas KW - seasonal variations KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15672653?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JAPCA+-+J.+AIR+WASTE+MANAGE.+ASSOC.&rft.atitle=Ambient+air+hydroxyl+radical+concentrations%3A+Measurements+and+model+predictions.&rft.au=Altshuller%2C+A+P&rft.aulast=Altshuller&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=704&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=JAPCA+-+J.+AIR+WASTE+MANAGE.+ASSOC.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - rural areas; seasonal variations; air quality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Screening approach for principal organic hazardous constituents and products of incomplete combustion. AN - 15665859; 2306047 AB - The body of information presented in this paper is directed to those individuals concerned with developing or implementing screening strategies for characterizing organic emissions from incinerators and other combustion sources. The need to characterize hazardous waste incinerator emissions for multiple compounds has been increasing for several years. This paper contains a discussion of fundamental principles of several kinds of screening strategies and recommends an approach suitable for incinerators and other combustion sources. The concept of a risk-driven analysis strategy is introduced and illustrated with a simplified example. JF - JAPCA - J. AIR WASTE MANAGE. ASSOC. AU - Johnson, L D AU - Midgett, M R AU - James, R H AU - Thomason, M M AU - Manier, M L AD - U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 709 EP - 713 VL - 39 IS - 5 KW - combustion KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - organic compounds KW - incinerators KW - hazardous wastes KW - sampling methods KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15665859?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JAPCA+-+J.+AIR+WASTE+MANAGE.+ASSOC.&rft.atitle=Screening+approach+for+principal+organic+hazardous+constituents+and+products+of+incomplete+combustion.&rft.au=Johnson%2C+L+D%3BMidgett%2C+M+R%3BJames%2C+R+H%3BThomason%2C+M+M%3BManier%2C+M+L&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=709&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=JAPCA+-+J.+AIR+WASTE+MANAGE.+ASSOC.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - hazardous wastes; incinerators; sampling methods; organic compounds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - EPA's perspective on risks from residential radon exposure. AN - 15632157; 2279979 AB - Indoor radon has been judged to be the most serious environmental carcinogen which the EPA must address for the general public. Based on current exposure and risk estimates, radon exposure in single-family houses may be a causal factor in roughly 20,000 lung cancer fatalities per year. Most of these projected fatalities are attributable to exposures in houses with average or moderately elevated radon levels (below 10 pCi/L). Hence to appreciably reduce radon-induced lung cancers, remediation efforts must include houses not highly elevated in radon. From either an individual risk or a cost-benefit standpoint, reduction of a few pCi/L per home appears to be justified. The optimal strategy for dealing with the indoor radon problem depends on the magnitude of the risk per unit exposure, the distribution of exposures in houses, and the effectiveness and costs of mitigation. EPA's current views with respect to these factors and the associated uncertainties are discussed. JF - JAPCA - J. AIR WASTE MANAGE. ASSOC. AU - Puskin, J S AU - Nelson, C B AD - Off. Radiat. Programs, U.S. EPA, 401 M St., S.W., Washington, DC 20460, USA Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 915 EP - 919 VL - 39 IS - 7 KW - EPA KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - P 8000:RADIATION KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15632157?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JAPCA+-+J.+AIR+WASTE+MANAGE.+ASSOC.&rft.atitle=EPA%27s+perspective+on+risks+from+residential+radon+exposure.&rft.au=Puskin%2C+J+S%3BNelson%2C+C+B&rft.aulast=Puskin&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=915&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=JAPCA+-+J.+AIR+WASTE+MANAGE.+ASSOC.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Wetlands protection through impact avoidance: A discussion of the 404(b)(1) alternatives analysis. AN - 15599829; 2258755 AB - To receive a Department of Army permit to discharge dredged or fill material into "waters of the United States", including wetlands, a permit applicant may have to clearly demonstrate that the proposed discharge is unavoidable and the least environmentally-damaging practicable alternative. Generally, the practicable alternative that involves the least amount of filled "waters" will be considered the least damaging; practicable alternatives that avoid "special aquatic sites" such as wetlands are always presumed to be less damaging environmentally than those that do not. For the analysis of alternatives to be useful, the project purpose must be defined generically, and separate analyses may be required for each component of a multiple-purpose project. The geographic scope of analysis must remain broad enough to reasonably consider all environmentally-preferable sites where the basic project purpose could be achieved. An alternative analysis, performed properly and early in the project formulation stage can reduce project costs, increase certainty, and most importantly, result in avoidance and protection of valuable wetland resources. JF - Wetlands AU - Yocom, T G AU - Leidy, R A AU - Morris, CA AD - U.S. EPA, Reg. IX, San Francisco, CA 94150, USA Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 283 EP - 297 VL - 9 IS - 2 SN - 0277-5212, 0277-5212 KW - Clean Water Act KW - wetlands KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - Marine KW - nature conservation KW - USA KW - dredge spoil KW - Brackish KW - waste disposal sites KW - Freshwater KW - environmental legislation KW - Q5 08523:Conservation, wildlife management and recreation KW - Q2 09123:Conservation KW - Q1 08121:Law, policy, economics and social sciences KW - Q5 08521:Mechanical and natural changes KW - Q2 09121:General KW - Q2 09384:Dredging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15599829?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wetlands&rft.atitle=Wetlands+protection+through+impact+avoidance%3A+A+discussion+of+the+404%28b%29%281%29+alternatives+analysis.&rft.au=Yocom%2C+T+G%3BLeidy%2C+R+A%3BMorris%2C+CA&rft.aulast=Yocom&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=283&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wetlands&rft.issn=02775212&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - nature conservation; dredge spoil; waste disposal sites; environmental legislation; USA; Marine; Brackish; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dietary lipid as a factor modulating xenobiotic metabolism in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus ). AN - 15598653; 2246031 AB - Adult channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus ) were fed diets containing menhaden oil (MHO), soybean oil (SBO), or beef tallow (BFT) as lipid sources for 116 d. The effects of these diets on two important hepatic xenobiotic-metabolizing enzyme systems, cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenases (MOs) and glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), were evaluated. Microsomal MO and cytosolic GST activities were consistently greater in fish fed MHO than in those receiving SBO or BFT. Generally, enzyme activities in fish fed SBO and BFT were similar. JF - Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences AU - Ankley, G T AU - Blazer, V S AU - Plakas, S M AU - Reinert, R E AD - U.S. EPA, Environ. Res. Lab., 6201 Congdon Blvd., Duluth, MN 55804, USA Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 1141 EP - 1146 VL - 46 IS - 7 SN - 0706-652X, 0706-652X KW - pollution tolerance KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts KW - lipids KW - fish culture KW - diets KW - enzymatic activity KW - Freshwater KW - Ictalurus punctatus KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - Q3 08582:Fish culture KW - Q1 08582:Fish culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15598653?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Fisheries+and+Aquatic+Sciences&rft.atitle=Dietary+lipid+as+a+factor+modulating+xenobiotic+metabolism+in+channel+catfish+%28Ictalurus+punctatus+%29.&rft.au=Ankley%2C+G+T%3BBlazer%2C+V+S%3BPlakas%2C+S+M%3BReinert%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Ankley&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1141&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Journal+of+Fisheries+and+Aquatic+Sciences&rft.issn=0706652X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - 38 ref. N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - lipids; fish culture; diets; enzymatic activity; Ictalurus punctatus; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A comparison of both neoplastic and non-neoplastic disorders in winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus ) from eight areas in New England. AN - 15594854; 2237922 AB - Distribution patterns of liver disease observed in winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus ) indigenous to the northeastern USA indicated that hepatocytic neoplasms were absent in populations from uncontaminated offshore areas and endemic in populations from moderately to highly contaminated inshore areas. Liver neoplasms in winter flounder collected from 8 different locations ranged from 0% in animals collected offshore from Cape Cod to 32% in the nearshore area of New Bedford, MA. The concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, other organic compounds and trace metals associated with marine sediment were elevated in urban embayments as compared with offshore locations. JF - RESPONSES OF MARINE ORGANISMS TO POLLUTANTS., 1989, pp. 393-397, Marine environmental research. London AU - Gardner, G R AU - Pruell, R J AU - Folmar, L C AD - EPA, Environ. Res. Lab., 27 Tarzwell Dr., Narragansett, RI 02882, USA A2 - Moore, MN A2 - Stegeman, JJ (eds) Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 VL - 28 IS - 1-4 SN - 0141-1136, 0141-1136 KW - pollution effects KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - industrial wastes KW - Marine KW - tumours KW - fish diseases KW - Pseudopleuronectes americanus KW - marine pollution KW - liver KW - ANW, USA, New England KW - aromatic hydrocarbons KW - PCB KW - heavy metals KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15594854?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=RESPONSES+OF+MARINE+ORGANISMS+TO+POLLUTANTS.%2C+1989%2C+pp.+393-397%2C+Marine+environmental+research.+London&rft.atitle=A+comparison+of+both+neoplastic+and+non-neoplastic+disorders+in+winter+flounder+%28Pseudopleuronectes+americanus+%29+from+eight+areas+in+New+England.&rft.au=Gardner%2C+G+R%3BPruell%2C+R+J%3BFolmar%2C+L+C&rft.aulast=Gardner&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=RESPONSES+OF+MARINE+ORGANISMS+TO+POLLUTANTS.%2C+1989%2C+pp.+393-397%2C+Marine+environmental+research.+London&rft.issn=01411136&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Actual publication date 1990. N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - industrial wastes; tumours; fish diseases; marine pollution; liver; heavy metals; PCB; aromatic hydrocarbons; Pseudopleuronectes americanus; ANW, USA, New England; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sampling and analysis experiments for improved characterization of products of incomplete combustion. AN - 15593986; 2240138 AB - Laboratory and field experiments were conducted to evaluate the volatile organic sampling train (VOST) methodology for the sampling and analysis of products of incomplete combustion (PICs). A pilot-scale incinerator was used to incinerate several volatile chlorinated organic compounds which were known to produce PICs. Approximately 300 ppm of 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, and trichloroethene were individually incinerated at 700 degree C. Standard VOST sampling apparatus was used to collect samples for determinations of precision and for distributive volume studies. A series of experiments was conducted to establish whether PICs were being formed at concentration levels which could be measured by the VOST methodology. JF - JAPCA - J. AIR WASTE MANAGE. ASSOC. AU - Fuerst, R G AU - Logan, T J AU - Midgett, M R AU - Sykes, AL AU - Buedel, T AU - Bursey, J AU - Homolya, J B AD - U.S. EPA, Atmos. Res. and Expos. Assess. Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 969 EP - 974 VL - 39 IS - 7 KW - volatile organic compounds KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - incineration KW - combustion KW - sampling methods KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15593986?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JAPCA+-+J.+AIR+WASTE+MANAGE.+ASSOC.&rft.atitle=Sampling+and+analysis+experiments+for+improved+characterization+of+products+of+incomplete+combustion.&rft.au=Fuerst%2C+R+G%3BLogan%2C+T+J%3BMidgett%2C+M+R%3BSykes%2C+AL%3BBuedel%2C+T%3BBursey%2C+J%3BHomolya%2C+J+B&rft.aulast=Fuerst&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=969&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=JAPCA+-+J.+AIR+WASTE+MANAGE.+ASSOC.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - combustion; incineration; sampling methods ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's SITE Emerging Technology Program. AN - 15588028; 2239784 AB - The purpose of this article is to provide the reader with: (1) an introduction to the Emerging Technology Program; (2) an understanding of how the Program operates; (3) a summary of those technologies currently being tested and evaluated under the Program; and (4) information on how to apply to the Program. JF - JAPCA - J. AIR WASTE MANAGE. ASSOC. AU - Bates, E R AU - Herrmann, J G AU - Sanning, DE AD - U.S. EPA, Off. Res. and Dev., Risk Reduct. Eng. Lab., Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 927 EP - 935 VL - 39 IS - 7 KW - technology KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - waste treatment KW - federal programs KW - hazardous wastes KW - economics KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15588028?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JAPCA+-+J.+AIR+WASTE+MANAGE.+ASSOC.&rft.atitle=The+U.S.+Environmental+Protection+Agency%27s+SITE+Emerging+Technology+Program.&rft.au=Bates%2C+E+R%3BHerrmann%2C+J+G%3BSanning%2C+DE&rft.aulast=Bates&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=927&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=JAPCA+-+J.+AIR+WASTE+MANAGE.+ASSOC.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - federal programs; hazardous wastes; waste treatment; economics ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Atmospheric weathering caused by dry deposition of acidic compounds. AN - 15581161; 2239970 AB - Controlled field studies were conducted at material exposure sites at Research Triangle Park, NC, and Steubenville, OH, between April 25, 1987, and December 28, 1987. Automatic covering/spray systems located at each site were used to expose panels of galvanized steel and paints under the following conditions: (1) dry deposition only; (2) dry plus ambient wet deposition; and (3) dry deposition plus deionized water (Dl). Ambient and Dl-runoff samples were collected on an event basis and underwent detailed chemical analyses. The results from the analyses of the Dl-runoff samples from galvanized steel and oil-based paint panels from each site are presented in this paper. The runoff results show that the dry deposition of acid gases at the sites increased the dissolution rate to galvanized steel corrosion products. JF - J. ENVIRON. SCI. HEALTH, PART A. AU - Edney, E O AU - Cheek, S F AU - Corse, E W AU - Spence, J W AU - Haynie, F H AD - Atmos. Res. and Expos. Assess. Lab., U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 439 EP - 457 VL - A24 IS - 5 KW - atmosphere KW - weathering KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - acid deposition KW - corrosion KW - neutralization KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15581161?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+ENVIRON.+SCI.+HEALTH%2C+PART+A.&rft.atitle=Atmospheric+weathering+caused+by+dry+deposition+of+acidic+compounds.&rft.au=Edney%2C+E+O%3BCheek%2C+S+F%3BCorse%2C+E+W%3BSpence%2C+J+W%3BHaynie%2C+F+H&rft.aulast=Edney&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=A24&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=439&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=J.+ENVIRON.+SCI.+HEALTH%2C+PART+A.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - corrosion; neutralization; acid deposition ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nonmethane organic compound to nitrogen oxide ratios and organic composition in cities and rural areas. AN - 15580837; 2239815 AB - The observed ranges in nonmethane organic compound (NMOC) concentrations, NMOC composition and nitrogen oxides (NO sub(x)) concentrations have been evaluated for urban and nonurban areas at ground level and aloft of the contiguous United States. The ranges in NMOC to NO sub(x) ratios also are considered. The NMOC composition consistently shifts towards less reactive compounds, especially the alkanes, in air parcels over nonurban areas compared to the NMOC composition near ground level within urban areas. JF - JAPCA - J. AIR WASTE MANAGE. ASSOC. AU - Altshuller, A P AD - Atmos. Sci. Res. Lab., U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 936 EP - 943 VL - 39 IS - 7 KW - organic compounds KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - air quality KW - urban areas KW - rural areas KW - nitrogen oxides KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15580837?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JAPCA+-+J.+AIR+WASTE+MANAGE.+ASSOC.&rft.atitle=Nonmethane+organic+compound+to+nitrogen+oxide+ratios+and+organic+composition+in+cities+and+rural+areas.&rft.au=Altshuller%2C+A+P&rft.aulast=Altshuller&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=936&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=JAPCA+-+J.+AIR+WASTE+MANAGE.+ASSOC.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - nitrogen oxides; rural areas; urban areas; air quality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of depletion of ascorbic acid or nonprotein sulfhydryls on the acute inhalation toxicity of nitrogen dioxide, ozone, and phosgene. AN - 15572044; 2226353 AB - The effect of depleting lung ascorbic acid (AH sub(2)) and nonprotein sulfhydryls (NPSH) on the acute inhalation toxicity of nitrogen dioxide (NO sub(2)), ozone (O sub(3)), and phosgene (COCl sub(2)) was investigated in guinea pigs. The results show that protection of lung tissue by AH sub(2) and NPSH is dependent on which toxicant gas is used, and the protective effect is not dose dependent, since in some cases the greatest protection was at the lower concentration. JF - Inhalation Toxicology AU - Slade, R AU - Highfill, J W AU - Hatch, GE AD - MD-82, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 261 EP - 271 VL - 1 IS - 3 SN - 0895-8378, 0895-8378 KW - nitrogen dioxide KW - acute toxicity KW - depletion KW - inhalation KW - phosgene KW - ascorbic acid KW - sulfhydryl groups KW - guinea-pigs KW - guinea pigs KW - ozone KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - toxicology KW - X 24151:Acute exposure KW - H SM9.31:INHALATION INJURIES UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15572044?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Inhalation+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+depletion+of+ascorbic+acid+or+nonprotein+sulfhydryls+on+the+acute+inhalation+toxicity+of+nitrogen+dioxide%2C+ozone%2C+and+phosgene.&rft.au=Slade%2C+R%3BHighfill%2C+J+W%3BHatch%2C+GE&rft.aulast=Slade&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=261&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Inhalation+Toxicology&rft.issn=08958378&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - ozone; inhalation; toxicology; sulfhydryl groups ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Uncertainty analysis of runoff estimates from a runoff contour map. AN - 15564452; 2225518 AB - The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in cooperation with the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) conducted an analysis to quantify the uncertainty associated with interpolating runoff to specific sites using a runoff contour map. The authors interpolated runoff to 93 gaged watersheds from a runoff contour map using (1) hand interpolation to the watershed outlet, (2) a computer interpolation to the watershed outlet, and (3) hand interpolation to the watershed centroid. They compared the interpolated values to the actual gaged values and found that there was a bias in the average interpolated value for runoff estimated at basin outlets, with interpolated values being less than the actual. They determined that they could estimate runoff, on the average, within approximately 8.9 cm (3.5 in; 15% of the measured value using the three methods. JF - Water Resources Bulletin AU - Rochelle, B P AU - Stevens, DL Jr AU - Church, M R AD - U.S. EPA, 200 S.W. 35th St., Corvallis, OR 97333, USA Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 491 EP - 498 VL - 25 IS - 3 SN - 0043-1370, 0043-1370 KW - contour maps KW - hydrology KW - interpolation KW - mapping KW - runoff KW - uncertainty KW - uncertainty analysis KW - water quality KW - watersheds KW - Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - Freshwater KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - Q2 09162:Methods and instruments KW - H SE3.21:WATER POLLUTION/WATER QUALITY UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15564452?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Uncertainty+analysis+of+runoff+estimates+from+a+runoff+contour+map.&rft.au=Rochelle%2C+B+P%3BStevens%2C+DL+Jr%3BChurch%2C+M+R&rft.aulast=Rochelle&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=491&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Bulletin&rft.issn=00431370&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - hydrology; water quality; runoff; mapping; Freshwater ER - TY - CONF T1 - Trial burn results and future activities of the EPA mobile incinerator. AN - 15491809; 2221022 AB - The EPA Mobile Incinerator has demonstrated its ability to successfully destroy dioxin. A trial burn conducted in 1987 demonstrated the incinerator's ability to destroy a wide variety of compounds. The destruction and removal efficiency (DRE) of carbon tetrachloride, hexachloroethane, and trichlorobenzene was greater than the required 99.99%, and the DRE for PCBs was greater than the required 99.9999%. The field demonstration of the mobile incinerator that began in 1985 is scheduled for completion in 1989 after incinerating 4,530,000 kg of waste material. JF - Chemosphere AU - Perdek, J M AU - Freestone, F J AU - Gupta, G D AU - King, G AU - Sawyer, R H AU - Stumbar, J P Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 561 EP - 564 VL - 19 IS - 1-6 KW - incinerators KW - dioxin KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - EPA KW - liquid wastes KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15491809?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=Trial+burn+results+and+future+activities+of+the+EPA+mobile+incinerator.&rft.au=Perdek%2C+J+M%3BFreestone%2C+F+J%3BGupta%2C+G+D%3BKing%2C+G%3BSawyer%2C+R+H%3BStumbar%2C+J+P&rft.aulast=Perdek&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1-6&rft.spage=561&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere&rft.issn=00456535&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Solving hazardous waste problems in Missouri using the EPA mobile incinerator. AN - 15490734; 2221005 AB - The U.S. EPA Mobile Incineration System has been involved in an extremely successful project in Southwest Missouri. Several dioxin sites in the area have been cleaned up using this equipment. This paper provides details of the project. JF - Chemosphere AU - Hazel, R H Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 557 EP - 560 VL - 19 IS - 1-6 KW - hazardous wastes KW - Missouri KW - dioxin KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - pollution control equipment KW - incinerators KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15490734?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=Solving+hazardous+waste+problems+in+Missouri+using+the+EPA+mobile+incinerator.&rft.au=Hazel%2C+R+H&rft.aulast=Hazel&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1-6&rft.spage=557&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere&rft.issn=00456535&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Analysis of 2,3,7,8-TCDD tumor promotion activity and its relationship to cancer. AN - 15488771; 2221042 AB - 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (hereafter referred to as TCDD) has a high estimated cancer potency in animals which has been reasoned to imply that TCDD might be carcinogenic to man. The animal cancer data show that TCDD can act in a solitary manner causing tumors without the participation of other known factors. However, there exists animal cancer data indicating that TCDD can act as a tumor promoting compound. This analysis examines which type of carcinogen and which mechanism best characterized TCDD cancer activity. It is suggested that TCDD acts by a hormonal mechanism to cause cancer in a solitary manner, at low doses, in two species, and in a number of different organs, including rare sites. These observations in toto characterize TCDD as complete carcinogen, which by definition encompasses both initiation and promotion carcinogenic activities. JF - Chemosphere AU - Holder, J W AU - Menzel, H M Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 861 EP - 868 VL - 19 IS - 1-6 KW - carcinogens KW - tumours KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - animals KW - hormones KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15488771?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+2%2C3%2C7%2C8-TCDD+tumor+promotion+activity+and+its+relationship+to+cancer.&rft.au=Holder%2C+J+W%3BMenzel%2C+H+M&rft.aulast=Holder&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1-6&rft.spage=861&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere&rft.issn=00456535&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Methodology used for a laboratory determination of relative contributions of water, sediment and food chain routes of uptake for 2,3,7,8-TCDD bioaccumulation by lake trout in Lake Ontario. AN - 15487420; 2221156 AB - A long-term laboratory exposure of lake trout to Lake Ontario sediment and smelt (food chain) provided comprehensive bioaccumulation relationships for 2,3,7,8-TCDD. The laboratory exposure was designed to investigate the rates of TCDD uptake via water, sediment, and food under simulated Lake Ontario conditions. Innovative methods of preparing sediment, dosing sediment, preparing food and feeding the fish were developed. Results indicated that bioaccumulation of 2,3,7,8-TCDD occurs primarily through the food chain and secondarily through contact with contaminated sediment. The water exposure route, even under simulated equilibrium conditions, and low suspended solids concentrations did not appear to make a significant contribution to 2,3,7,8-TCDD bioaccumulation. JF - Chemosphere AU - Batterman, A R AU - Cook, P M AU - Lodge, K B AU - Lothenbach, D B AU - Butterworth, B C Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 451 EP - 458 VL - 19 IS - 1-6 KW - TCDD KW - Lake Ontario KW - fish KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - laboratory methods KW - food chains KW - sediments KW - bioaccumulation KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15487420?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=Methodology+used+for+a+laboratory+determination+of+relative+contributions+of+water%2C+sediment+and+food+chain+routes+of+uptake+for+2%2C3%2C7%2C8-TCDD+bioaccumulation+by+lake+trout+in+Lake+Ontario.&rft.au=Batterman%2C+A+R%3BCook%2C+P+M%3BLodge%2C+K+B%3BLothenbach%2C+D+B%3BButterworth%2C+B+C&rft.aulast=Batterman&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1-6&rft.spage=451&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere&rft.issn=00456535&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Simulating the indirect effects of power plant entrainment losses on an estuarine ecosystem. AN - 15482510; 2218163 AB - A simple estuarine trophic dynamics model was constructed to determine the magnitude of the potential losses to major estuarine consumers in the Patuxent River, Maryland, USA, ecosystem due to the power plant-related losses of forage fish. Simulations were completed using two sets of feeding assumptions: feeding proportional to forage abundance, and feeding based on dietary preferences. The model demonstrates that striped bass, bluefish, and weakfish could experience significant losses (> 25%) to overall population production levels if they prefer to prey upon bay anchovy and silversides and entrainment losses to these forage populations is greater than or equal to 70% of juvenile recruitment. The model also shows that indirect predator losses would be expected to be low (< 5%) if the majority of their diets consisted of forage other than bay anchovy and silversides. JF - Ecological Modelling AU - Summers, J K AD - U.S. EPA Environ. Res. Lab., Sabine Island, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561, USA Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 31 EP - 47 VL - 49 IS - 1-2 SN - 0304-3800, 0304-3800 KW - ANW, USA, Maryland, Chalk Point Station KW - Maryland, Patuxent R. KW - Pisces KW - ecology KW - entrainment KW - environmental impact KW - fish KW - forage fish KW - models KW - population dynamics KW - power plants KW - predator prey equations KW - simulation KW - trophic levels KW - trophic relationships KW - water pollution KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - USA, Maryland, Patuxent R. KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications KW - D 04668:Fish KW - Q5 08521:Mechanical and natural changes KW - D 04210:Coastal ecosystems UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15482510?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Modelling&rft.atitle=Simulating+the+indirect+effects+of+power+plant+entrainment+losses+on+an+estuarine+ecosystem.&rft.au=Summers%2C+J+K&rft.aulast=Summers&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=31&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Modelling&rft.issn=03043800&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - forage fish; trophic levels; fish; entrainment; environmental impact; power plants; trophic relationships; simulation; water pollution; population dynamics; Pisces; USA, Maryland, Patuxent R. ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Database on promoters of chemical carcinogenesis. AN - 15481863; 2213870 AB - 1. Introduction. (i) Guiding Concepts and Criteria for Data Selection. (ii) Data Analysis, Evaluation and Classification - References to the Introduction. 2. Synoptic List of Promoters Covered in the Database. 3. The Database: (I) Aldehydes, Acids and Polycarboxylic Acids. (II) Aliphatic Hydrocarbons (substituted) and Solvents. (III) Aliphatic Hydroxy, Polyhydroxy Compounds and Polyacetates. (IV) Aromatic and Heteroaromatic Compounds (unsubstituted and alkyl substituted only). (V) Croton oil. (VI) Diterpenes of Croton oil, Terpenes and Terpene-Containing oils From Plants. (VII) Fatty Acids and Esters. (VIII) Indole and Compounds Containing Indole Substructure. (IX) Inorganic Chemicals. JF - J. ENVIRON. SCI. HEALTH. AU - Rao, V R AU - Woo, Yin-Tak AU - Lai, D Y AU - Arcos, J C AD - U.S. EPA (TS-778), 401 M St., SW, Washington, DC 20460, USA Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 145 EP - 186 VL - C7 IS - 2 KW - data bases KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - carcinogenesis KW - toxicology KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15481863?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+ENVIRON.+SCI.+HEALTH.&rft.atitle=Database+on+promoters+of+chemical+carcinogenesis.&rft.au=Rao%2C+V+R%3BWoo%2C+Yin-Tak%3BLai%2C+D+Y%3BArcos%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Rao&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=C7&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=145&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=J.+ENVIRON.+SCI.+HEALTH.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - carcinogenesis; toxicology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ranking of complex chemical mixtures for potential cancer hazard: Structure of a computerized system -- an outline. AN - 15464711; 2196052 AB - This report gives the outline of an ongoing project to build a software system that makes use of experimental data on chemical combination effects, existing but hitherto scattered in the literature, for the approximate ranking of complex chemical mixtures for potential cancer hazard concern. JF - J. ENVIRON. SCI. HEALTH, PART C. AU - Arcos, J C AU - Woo, Yin-Tak AU - Polansky, G AD - Off. Toxic Subst., (TS-778), U.S. EPA, 401 M St., S.W., Washington, DC 20460, USA Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 129 EP - 144 VL - 7 IS - 1 KW - cancer KW - weighting KW - information retrieval KW - ranking KW - chemical reactions KW - data bases KW - information systems KW - risk assessment KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - H SM10.21:CANCER KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15464711?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+ENVIRON.+SCI.+HEALTH%2C+PART+C.&rft.atitle=Ranking+of+complex+chemical+mixtures+for+potential+cancer+hazard%3A+Structure+of+a+computerized+system+--+an+outline.&rft.au=Arcos%2C+J+C%3BWoo%2C+Yin-Tak%3BPolansky%2C+G&rft.aulast=Arcos&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=129&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=J.+ENVIRON.+SCI.+HEALTH%2C+PART+C.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - risk assessment; chemical reactions; data bases; information systems ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Simulation of airborne microbial droplet transport. AN - 15463839; 2196021 AB - The framework for a simulation model which describes the dispersion of individual droplets of water containing viable microbes is presented. The model accounts for physical, chemical, biological, and measured meteorological parameters of each droplet at each of many short time steps. Repeating the modeling process for many droplets will simulate a cloud of droplets. The model is compared with the Tulelake, Calif., release in 1988 and found to show very similar patterns of deposition within 30 m, the maximum observation distance of the source. A hypothesis for the survival sequence in the microbe-containing droplets is discussed. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Lighthart, B AU - Kim, Jinwon AD - Microb. Ecol. and Biotechnol. Team, Ecotoxicol. Branch, Environ. Res. Lab., U.S. EPA, 200 SW 35th St., Corvallis, OR 97333, USA Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 2349 EP - 2355 VL - 55 IS - 9 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - models KW - simulations KW - airborne microorganisms KW - droplets KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - simulation KW - dispersion KW - meteorology KW - microorganisms KW - H SE3.20:AIR POLLUTION/AIR QUALITY KW - J 02908:Air KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - A 01103:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15463839?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Simulation+of+airborne+microbial+droplet+transport.&rft.au=Lighthart%2C+B%3BKim%2C+Jinwon&rft.aulast=Lighthart&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=2349&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - dispersion; meteorology; simulation; microorganisms ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Computerized search system for binary combination effects of chemical carcinogens and its use in data analysis. AN - 15463535; 2196077 AB - A Binary Carcinogen Interaction Database (BCIBD) software system has been developed. The BCIDB System is a unique computer program designed specifically for managing and retrieving information on the synergistic, additive and antagonistic interactions between chemical carcinogens. The System includes data exclusively on binary combination effects, since published reports on combination effects involving more than two structurally-defined carcinogens are extremely rare in the literature, and are mechanistically almost uninterpretable. JF - J. ENVIRON. SCI. HEALTH, PART C. AU - Polansky, G AU - Woo, Yin-Tak AD - U.S. EPA, (TS-796), 401 M St., S.W., Washington, DC 20460, USA Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 109 EP - 127 VL - 7 IS - 1 KW - cancer KW - information retrieval KW - management information systems KW - search strategies KW - chemical reactions KW - data bases KW - information systems KW - risk assessment KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - H SM10.21:CANCER KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15463535?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+ENVIRON.+SCI.+HEALTH%2C+PART+C.&rft.atitle=Computerized+search+system+for+binary+combination+effects+of+chemical+carcinogens+and+its+use+in+data+analysis.&rft.au=Polansky%2C+G%3BWoo%2C+Yin-Tak&rft.aulast=Polansky&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=109&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=J.+ENVIRON.+SCI.+HEALTH%2C+PART+C.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - information systems; chemical reactions; data bases; risk assessment ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Life after competitive exclusion: An alternative strategy for a competitive inferior. AN - 15461051; 2192778 AB - The mussel Mytilus californianus is the dominant competitor and barnacles the inferior competitors for primary substrate in exposed rocky intertidal systems in the Northeast Pacific. However, we frequently observed dense populations of barnacles growing on mussels in intertidal communities. This observation suggested that barnacle populations might not be reduced, and might actually be enhanced, by their dominant competitor. We tested this hypothesis by comparing the coverage of barnacles on the secondary space produced by M. californianus to the area of the primary substrate, the maximum coverage that could exist in the absence of mussels. We then contrasted the effects of the use of secondary space on the population biology of inferior competitors with the effects of interference and pre-emptive competition. JF - Oikos AU - Lee, H II AU - Ambrose, WG Jr AD - Pacific Ecosyst. Branch, U.S. EPA - Narragansett, Hatfield Mar. Sci. Cent., Newport, OR 97365, USA Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 424 EP - 427 VL - 56 IS - 3 SN - 0030-1299, 0030-1299 KW - competitive exclusion KW - population ecology KW - substrata KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - Marine KW - USA, Washington KW - Balanus KW - Semibalanus KW - Mytilus californianus KW - USA, Oregon KW - INE, USA KW - competition KW - D 04658:Molluscs KW - Q1 08482:Ecosystems and energetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15461051?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oikos&rft.atitle=Life+after+competitive+exclusion%3A+An+alternative+strategy+for+a+competitive+inferior.&rft.au=Lee%2C+H+II%3BAmbrose%2C+WG+Jr&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=424&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Oikos&rft.issn=00301299&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - competition; substrata; population ecology; Balanus; Semibalanus; Mytilus californianus; USA, Washington; USA, Oregon; INE, USA; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of stratospheric ozone depletion on marine organisms. AN - 15459196; 2190149 AB - As a result of stratospheric ozone depletion, UV-B radiation (290-320 nm) reaching aquatic environments is likely to increase over the next few decades. Available information suggests that UV-B radiation can have a variety of deleterious effects on marine and freshwater ecosystems (for reviews see Worrest, 1982, 1986; USEPA, 1987). Even if individual nations or the international community find stratospheric ozone reduction at any level to be unacceptable and eliminate ozone-destroying chemicals, it could take decades-to-centuries to reverse the current trend. Therefore, anticipation of the consequences of the "unavoidable" stratospheric ozone reduction, and the efforts to mitigate or adapt to such a decrease, are extremely important. JF - Environmental Conservation AU - Worrest, R C AD - Off. Res. and Dev. (RD-682), U.S. EPA, 401 M St., S.W., Washington, DC 20460, USA Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 261 EP - 263 VL - 16 IS - 3 SN - 0376-8929, 0376-8929 KW - U.V. radiation KW - aquatic organisms KW - atmospheric chemistry KW - depletion KW - effects on KW - marine organisms KW - ocean-atmosphere system KW - ozone KW - ultraviolet radiation KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Oceanic Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Marine KW - environmental impact KW - Brackish KW - Freshwater KW - stratosphere KW - marine environment KW - O 4020:Pollution - Organisms/Ecology/Toxicology KW - D 04803:Pollution effects KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - D 04330:Marine KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - Q5 08521:Mechanical and natural changes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15459196?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Conservation&rft.atitle=Effects+of+stratospheric+ozone+depletion+on+marine+organisms.&rft.au=Worrest%2C+R+C&rft.aulast=Worrest&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=261&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Conservation&rft.issn=03768929&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - ozone; stratosphere; marine environment; environmental impact; ocean-atmosphere system; atmospheric chemistry; depletion; ultraviolet radiation; U.V. radiation; Marine; Brackish; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pretreatment protects POTWs. AN - 15427179; 2165324 AB - Publicly owned treatment works are being hurt by a lack of enforcement of industrial wastewater pretreatment standards. JF - Waste Age AU - Wann, D AD - Off. Ext. Aff., U.S. EPA, Denver, CO, USA Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SN - 0043-1001, 0043-1001 KW - wastewater treatment KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - water quality standards KW - municipal wastewater KW - P 3000:SEWAGE & WASTEWATER TREATMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15427179?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Waste+Age&rft.atitle=Pretreatment+protects+POTWs.&rft.au=Wann%2C+D&rft.aulast=Wann&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Waste+Age&rft.issn=00431001&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - water quality standards; municipal wastewater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - EPA assessment of technologies for controlling emissions from municipal waste combustion. AN - 15426086; 2165603 AB - The EPA will soon propose new standards for municipal waste combustion facilities. This article explains background work performed by the agency to arrive at the proposed standards, and indicates emission levels that are estimated to be achievable by various types of facilities. JF - SOLID WASTE POWER. AU - Kilgroe, J D AU - Johnston, M G AD - U.S. EPA, Air and Energy Eng. Res. Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 18 EP - 30 VL - 3 IS - 6 KW - EPA KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - technology KW - combustion KW - emission control KW - municipal wastes KW - H SE3.20:AIR POLLUTION/AIR QUALITY KW - H SE3.23:WASTE DISPOSAL KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15426086?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SOLID+WASTE+POWER.&rft.atitle=EPA+assessment+of+technologies+for+controlling+emissions+from+municipal+waste+combustion.&rft.au=Kilgroe%2C+J+D%3BJohnston%2C+M+G&rft.aulast=Kilgroe&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=18&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=SOLID+WASTE+POWER.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - emission control; municipal wastes; combustion; technology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - What Reilly's order said about recycling & waste-to-energy. AN - 15425085; 2165510 JF - Waste Age AU - Reilly, W AD - U.S. EPA, USA Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SN - 0043-1001, 0043-1001 KW - recycling KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - waste treatment KW - refuse derived fuels KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT KW - H SE3.25:COMPOSTING, RECYCLING, REUSE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15425085?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Waste+Age&rft.atitle=What+Reilly%27s+order+said+about+recycling+%26amp%3B+waste-to-energy.&rft.au=Reilly%2C+W&rft.aulast=Reilly&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Waste+Age&rft.issn=00431001&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - refuse derived fuels; waste treatment ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental software at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Center for Exposure Assessment Modeling. AN - 15408112; 2149394 AB - The Center for Exposure Assessment Modeling (CEAM) was established to meet the scientific and technical exposure assessment needs of the United States Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Program and Regional Offices and the various state environmental agencies. To support environmental risk-based decisions concerning protection of air, water, and soil, CEAM provides proven predictive exposure assessment techniques for aquatic, atmospheric, terrestrial, and multimedia pathways for organic chemicals and metals. This paper reviews the capabilities of 12 environmental simulation models for urban and rural nonpoint sources, conventional and toxic pollution of streams, lakes and estuaries, tidal hydrodynamics, geochemical equilibrium, and aquatic food chain bioaccumulation. JF - Environmental Software AU - Ambrose, RB Jr AU - Barnwell, TO Jr AD - Cent. Exposure Assess. Model., Environ. Res. Lab., U.S. EPA, Athens, GA 30613, USA Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 76 EP - 93 VL - 4 IS - 2 SN - 0266-9838, 0266-9838 KW - environmental protection KW - EPA CEAM KW - pollution KW - chemical variables measurement KW - software packages KW - pollutant detection KW - computer applications KW - ecology KW - geochemistry KW - metals KW - risk assessment KW - simulation KW - Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - H SE3.2:DATA ANALYSIS UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15408112?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Software&rft.atitle=Environmental+software+at+the+U.S.+Environmental+Protection+Agency%27s+Center+for+Exposure+Assessment+Modeling.&rft.au=Ambrose%2C+RB+Jr%3BBarnwell%2C+TO+Jr&rft.aulast=Ambrose&rft.aufirst=RB&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=76&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Software&rft.issn=02669838&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - simulation; ecology; metals; risk assessment; geochemistry; computer applications ER - TY - JOUR T1 - EPA's concerns about the Big River Reservoir project. AN - 15403213; 2138129 AB - I would like to discuss EPA'S long-standing environmental concerns with the proposed Big River Reservoir. I recognize at the outset that our views are not shared by many of you. Some of you may believe that EPA should not be involved in state decisions affecting the supply of drinking water. On the contrary, EPA has significant responsibilities in the drinking water arena. JF - Journal of the New England Water Works Association AU - Keough, P G AD - EPA, Boston, MA 01432, USA Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 13 EP - 15 VL - 103 IS - 1 SN - 0028-4939, 0028-4939 KW - EPA KW - Environmental Protection Agency KW - Rhode Island, Big R. KW - USA, Rhode Island, Kent Cty., Big R. KW - government policy KW - reservoirs KW - reservoirs (water) KW - water management KW - water supplies KW - water supply KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts KW - wetlands KW - dams KW - environmental impact KW - Freshwater KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - Q5 08521:Mechanical and natural changes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15403213?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+New+England+Water+Works+Association&rft.atitle=EPA%27s+concerns+about+the+Big+River+Reservoir+project.&rft.au=Keough%2C+P+G&rft.aulast=Keough&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=13&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+New+England+Water+Works+Association&rft.issn=00284939&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - water supply; wetlands; environmental impact; dams; EPA; reservoirs; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Direct measurement technique for determining ventilation rate in the deposit feeding clam Macoma nasuta (Bivalvia, Tellinaceae). AN - 15391386; 2141969 AB - An exposure chamber, the "clambox", was developed to measure ventilation rate, sediment processing rate, and efficiency of pollutant uptake by Macoma nasuta a surface deposit-feeding clam. Clams, collected from Yaquina Bay, Oregon, USA, were cemented into a hole in a piece of rubber dental dam so that the inhalant and exhalant siphons were separated by a membrane. The dental dam was then clamped between two glass chambers. The inhalant and exhalant siphons were thus directed into separate chambers. Ventilation rate was not affected by the imposition of a 5 mm hydraulic head in the exhalant chamber, by having sediment only in the inhalant chamber, or by exposure to organic-free sediment. The mean weight-specific ventilation rate for M. nasuta was 7.3 ml g/h on a wet-flesh basis. This low rate, compared to rates for filter-feeding bivalves, supports the contention that deposit-feeding is the dominant feeding mode for M. nasuta . JF - Marine biology. Berlin, Heidelberg AU - Specht, D T AU - Lee, H II AD - Pacific Div., Environ. Res. Lab., Narragansett, U.S. EPA, Mark O. Hatfield Mar. Sci. Cent., Newport, OR 97365, USA Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 211 EP - 218 VL - 101 IS - 2 SN - 0025-3165, 0025-3165 KW - detritus feeders KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts KW - Marine KW - animal metabolism KW - fishery biology KW - INE, USA, Oregon, Yaquina Bay KW - measuring devices KW - feeding KW - Macoma nasuta KW - bioaccumulation KW - Q3 08583:Shellfish culture KW - Q1 08462:Benthos KW - O 1090:Instruments/Methods KW - Q5 08502:Methods and instruments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15391386?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+biology.+Berlin%2C+Heidelberg&rft.atitle=Direct+measurement+technique+for+determining+ventilation+rate+in+the+deposit+feeding+clam+Macoma+nasuta+%28Bivalvia%2C+Tellinaceae%29.&rft.au=Specht%2C+D+T%3BLee%2C+H+II&rft.aulast=Specht&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=211&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Marine+biology.+Berlin%2C+Heidelberg&rft.issn=00253165&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - 41 ref. N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - animal metabolism; fishery biology; feeding; measuring devices; bioaccumulation; Macoma nasuta; INE, USA, Oregon, Yaquina Bay; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The influence of building width and orientation on plume dispersion in the wake of a building. AN - 15381888; 2125889 AB - In a wind-tunnel study, the influence of building width and orientation into the wind was examined through concentration profiles in the near wake of the building. The model building was placed in a simulated atmospheric boundary layer. The effects of building width were examined for buildings having width-to-height ratios ranging from 2 to 22. The effects of oblique orientation were examined for angles ranging from -30 to +60 deg. For most cases, the source was placed midway along the lee side of the building. The stack height was either at ground level or 1.5 times the height of the building. The lateral plume spread from a point source placed near the center of the building was observed to be largest for a width/height ratio of 10. The influence of the end flow around the sides of the building had less effect for wider buildings. JF - Atmospheric Environment AU - Huber, AH AD - Atmos. Res. and Exp. Assess. Lab., U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 2109 EP - 2116 VL - 23 IS - 10 SN - 1352-2310, 1352-2310 KW - buildings KW - pollutant dispersion KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - plumes KW - wind tunnels KW - meteorology KW - boundary layers KW - air pollution KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15381888?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.atitle=The+influence+of+building+width+and+orientation+on+plume+dispersion+in+the+wake+of+a+building.&rft.au=Huber%2C+AH&rft.aulast=Huber&rft.aufirst=AH&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=2109&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.issn=13522310&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - plumes; wind tunnels; boundary layers; meteorology; air pollution ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A principal component analysis of SO super(2) sub(4) super(-) precipitation concentrations over the eastern United States. AN - 15381789; 2125812 AB - The spatial and temporal variability of SO super(2) sub(4) super(-) concentrations in precipitation over the eastern U.S. during the period 1981-1986 was examined through the use of principal component analysis. Application of Kaiser's Varimax orthogonal rotation led to the delineation of seven contiguous subregions, each displaying statistically unique SO super(2) sub(4) super(-) concentration characteristics. These seven statistically significant modes of variability, which together accounted for 74.2% of the total variance, corresponded well with major SO sub(x) emission patterns. Examination of the time series associated with each subregion revealed a general seasonality in which periods of high concentrations are more likely during the summer, while periods of low concentrations are more likely during the winter. This seasonal cycle, however, was more prevalent in those subregions which contained few major emissions, and was less prevalent and often obscured by perturbations in those subregions which contained major emissions. JF - Atmospheric Environment AU - Eder, B K AD - Atmos. Res. and Exp. Assess. Lab., Off. Res. and Dev., U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 2739 EP - 2750 VL - 23 IS - 12 SN - 1352-2310, 1352-2310 KW - United States, Eastern KW - sulphur oxides KW - acid precipitation KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - wet deposition KW - seasonal variations KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15381789?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.atitle=A+principal+component+analysis+of+SO+super%282%29+sub%284%29+super%28-%29+precipitation+concentrations+over+the+eastern+United+States.&rft.au=Eder%2C+B+K&rft.aulast=Eder&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=2739&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.issn=13522310&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - seasonal variations; wet deposition ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The evaluation of long-term sulfur deposition models. AN - 15379956; 2126097 AB - The International Sulfur Deposition Model Evaluation (ISDME) assessed the performance of 11 regional, long-term deposition models in predicting amounts of sulfur wet deposition. With few exceptions, each model predicted air concentrations and dry-wet deposition amounts of SO sub(2) and SO sub(4) super(2) super(-) at up to 66 sites across eastern North America for each season of 1980. Unlike its predecessors, this evaluation focused on the ability of the models to replicate, within the uncertainty limits of the data, the magnitude and position of the seasonal spatial patterns of S wet deposition. Both the spatial patterns and the uncertainties arising from measurement and interpolation errors were determined by a simple Kriging technique. Model performance measures included the per cent of subregions where interpolated predictions and observations were significantly different and differences between the magnitudes and locations of maxima, centroids and orientations of the major axes. JF - Atmospheric Environment AU - Clark, T L AU - Voldner, E C AU - Dennis, R L AU - Seilkop, S K AU - Alvo, M AU - Olson, M P AD - U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 2267 EP - 2288 VL - 23 IS - 10 SN - 1352-2310, 1352-2310 KW - sulphur KW - seasonal variations KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - acid deposition KW - meteorology KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15379956?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.atitle=The+evaluation+of+long-term+sulfur+deposition+models.&rft.au=Clark%2C+T+L%3BVoldner%2C+E+C%3BDennis%2C+R+L%3BSeilkop%2C+S+K%3BAlvo%2C+M%3BOlson%2C+M+P&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=2267&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.issn=13522310&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - acid deposition; meteorology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Suppression of lymphocyte proliferation by hexamethylene diamine. AN - 15379641; 2135067 AB - The antiproliferative potential of hexamethylene diamine (HMDA) for mitogen-stimulated splenic lymphocytes was evaluated in vitro at final concentrations of 0.1-16 mM. Addition at the start of culture or after 24 or 48 h of culture decreased the proliferative response to T and B cell mitogens. However, the concentration of HMDA required to cause suppression increased with incubation time. Removal of diamine after 24 h allowed cells to proliferate normally upon reculture with mitogen. Mitogenic responses of cultures containing the potent ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) inhibitor alpha -difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) were also inhibited in a time and dose dependent fashion. ODC activity, which was much greater in cultures stimulated with Con A than LPS, was markedly decreased by inclusion of diamine or DFMO in the culture medium. Addition of putrescine to cultures did not reverse the suppressive effects of diamine on proliferation but did restore DFMO-containing cultures to control levels of activity. JF - Toxicology AU - Luebke, R W AU - Copeland, C B AU - Irsula, O AU - Riddle, M M AU - Rogers, R R AU - Lau, C AU - Smialowicz, R J AD - Perinatal Toxicol. Branch, Health Eff. Res. Lab., U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 301 EP - 313 VL - 56 IS - 3 SN - 0300-483X, 0300-483X KW - 1,6-hexanediamine KW - proliferation KW - suppression KW - in vitro KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - lymphocytes KW - X 24152:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15379641?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology&rft.atitle=Suppression+of+lymphocyte+proliferation+by+hexamethylene+diamine.&rft.au=Luebke%2C+R+W%3BCopeland%2C+C+B%3BIrsula%2C+O%3BRiddle%2C+M+M%3BRogers%2C+R+R%3BLau%2C+C%3BSmialowicz%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Luebke&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=301&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology&rft.issn=0300483X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - lymphocytes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of bioassay methods to evaluate mutagenicity of ambient air collected near a municipal waste combustor. AN - 15377884; 2127623 AB - An ambient air sampling study was conducted around a municipal waste combustor; a primary goal was to develop procedures and methods to evaluate the emissions of organic mutagens resulting from incomplete combustion of municipal waste. Combustion emissions are generally recognized as a potential cancer risk since they contain many carcinogenic and mutagenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Analyzing such a complex mixture for the presence of even a few selected chemicals is difficult and provides risk information on only a fraction of the chemicals present. Bioassay methods, however, may be directly applied to evaluate the mutagenic and potential carcinogenic activity of the complex organics from combustion emissions. The Salmonella (Ames) assay was used to determine the mutagenicity associated with particles from ambient air collected near a municipal waste combustor. Dose-response data was generated, and mutagenicity concentrations were calculated to demonstrate the utility of bioassay in assessing the potential impact of emissions from municipal waste combustion. This phase of study quantified mutagenicity concentrations in ambient air but did not detect organic mutagens that could be attributed to incinerator emissions. JF - JAPCA - J. AIR WASTE MANAGE. ASSOC. AU - Watts, R AU - Fitzgerald, B AU - Heil, G AU - Garabedian, H AU - Williams, R AU - Warren, S AU - Fradkin, L AU - Lewtas, J AD - U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 1436 EP - 1439 VL - 39 IS - 11 KW - municipal wastes KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - mutagens KW - bioassays KW - combustion KW - volatile organic compounds KW - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - risk assessment KW - air sampling KW - cancer KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15377884?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JAPCA+-+J.+AIR+WASTE+MANAGE.+ASSOC.&rft.atitle=Use+of+bioassay+methods+to+evaluate+mutagenicity+of+ambient+air+collected+near+a+municipal+waste+combustor.&rft.au=Watts%2C+R%3BFitzgerald%2C+B%3BHeil%2C+G%3BGarabedian%2C+H%3BWilliams%2C+R%3BWarren%2C+S%3BFradkin%2C+L%3BLewtas%2C+J&rft.aulast=Watts&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1436&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=JAPCA+-+J.+AIR+WASTE+MANAGE.+ASSOC.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - combustion; air sampling; mutagens; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; volatile organic compounds; cancer; risk assessment; bioassays ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ozone production from irradiation of acetylene/chlorine mixtures in air. AN - 15376610; 2127783 AB - While studying the photooxidation of acetylene in the presence of chlorine atoms, an unexpected product, ozone, was observed. This occurred at short irradiation times. The system contained only acetylene, chlorine, and tank air devoid of any oxides of nitrogen. Under tropospheric conditions the usual source of ozone is through the photolysis of nitrogen dioxide in the presence of volatile organic hydrocarbons (VOCs). JF - JAPCA - J. AIR WASTE MANAGE. ASSOC. AU - Gay, BW Jr AU - Edney, E O AD - U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 1467 EP - 1468 VL - 39 IS - 11 KW - photooxidation KW - acetylene KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - chlorine KW - ozone KW - irradiation KW - volatile organic compounds KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15376610?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JAPCA+-+J.+AIR+WASTE+MANAGE.+ASSOC.&rft.atitle=Ozone+production+from+irradiation+of+acetylene%2Fchlorine+mixtures+in+air.&rft.au=Gay%2C+BW+Jr%3BEdney%2C+E+O&rft.aulast=Gay&rft.aufirst=BW&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1467&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=JAPCA+-+J.+AIR+WASTE+MANAGE.+ASSOC.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - ozone; chlorine; volatile organic compounds; irradiation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Derivation of oxygen correction factors for oxygen-enriched incinerators. AN - 15374922; 2127832 AB - Compliance monitoring for hazardous waste incinerators requires that the pollutant concentration measured in the stack gas be corrected to 7-percent oxygen level. JF - JAPCA - J. AIR WASTE MANAGE. ASSOC. AU - Garg, S AU - Castaldini, C AD - US. E.P.A., Washington, DC 20460, USA Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 1462 EP - 1464 VL - 39 IS - 11 KW - hazardous wastes KW - monitoring measurements KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - waste treatment KW - incinerators KW - oxygen KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15374922?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JAPCA+-+J.+AIR+WASTE+MANAGE.+ASSOC.&rft.atitle=Derivation+of+oxygen+correction+factors+for+oxygen-enriched+incinerators.&rft.au=Garg%2C+S%3BCastaldini%2C+C&rft.aulast=Garg&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1462&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=JAPCA+-+J.+AIR+WASTE+MANAGE.+ASSOC.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - incinerators; oxygen; waste treatment ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Creosote-contaminated sites. AN - 15373836; 2127713 AB - The wood-preserving industry uses more pesticides than any other industry worldwide. The major chemicals employed for this purpose are creosote, pentachlorophenol, and CCA (copper, chrome, and arsenate); hence their classification as the most widely used pesticides on a volume basis. JF - Environmental Science and Technology AU - Mueller, J G AU - Chapman, P J AU - Pritchard, PH AD - U.S. EPA, Environ. Res. Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL 32561, USA Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 1197 EP - 1201 VL - 23 IS - 10 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - creosote KW - preservation KW - groundwater contamination KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - biodegradation KW - lumber industry KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15373836?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+and+Technology&rft.atitle=Creosote-contaminated+sites.&rft.au=Mueller%2C+J+G%3BChapman%2C+P+J%3BPritchard%2C+PH&rft.aulast=Mueller&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1197&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+and+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - lumber industry; biodegradation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fate of dyes in aquatic systems 2. Solubility and octanol/water partition coefficients of disperse dyes. AN - 15369790; 2123276 AB - Water solubilities have been measured for 10 disperse dyes that are mostly of recent vintage. The solubilities and octanol/water partition coefficients are used to predict expected concentration factors for sediment and biota. The results show that these newer disperse dyes are likely to have greater potential toward sediment sorption and bioconcentration than older dyes. The data also confirm a previous conclusion that methods for estimating the octanol/water partition coefficient of these dyes give results that are significantly different from measured values. Possible explanations for the difference are discussed. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Yen, Chi-Ping C AU - Perenich, T A AU - Baughman, G L AD - Environ. Res. Lab., U.S. EPA, Athens, GA 30613, USA Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 981 EP - 986 VL - 8 IS - 11 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - fate KW - pollutant dispersion KW - pollution dispersion KW - solubility KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts KW - sediment pollution KW - dyes KW - bioaccumulation KW - industrial wastes KW - sediments KW - water pollution KW - P 3000:SEWAGE & WASTEWATER TREATMENT KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15369790?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Fate+of+dyes+in+aquatic+systems+2.+Solubility+and+octanol%2Fwater+partition+coefficients+of+disperse+dyes.&rft.au=Yen%2C+Chi-Ping+C%3BPerenich%2C+T+A%3BBaughman%2C+G+L&rft.aulast=Yen&rft.aufirst=Chi-Ping&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=981&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - industrial wastes; sediments; sediment pollution; solubility; water pollution; fate; bioaccumulation; dyes ER - TY - CONF T1 - Municipal wastewater treatment technology transfer activities of the United States Environmental Protection Agency. AN - 15369365; 2123827 AB - Technology transfer is an important activity within the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Specific technology transfer programs such as the activities of the Center for Environmental Research Information, the Innovative and Alternative Technology Program, as well as the Small Community Outreach Program are used to encourage the utilization of cost-effective municipal pollution control technology. Case studies of three technologies including a plant operations diagnostic/remediation methodology, alternative sewer technologies and ultraviolet disinfection are presented. JF - Water Science & Technology AU - Convery, J J AU - Kreissl, J F AU - Venosa, AD AU - Bender, J H AU - Lussier, D J Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 685 EP - 698 VL - 21 IS - 6-7 KW - municipal wastewater KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - EPA KW - sewers KW - wastewater treatment KW - ultraviolet radiation KW - P 3000:SEWAGE & WASTEWATER TREATMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15369365?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Municipal+wastewater+treatment+technology+transfer+activities+of+the+United+States+Environmental+Protection+Agency.&rft.au=Convery%2C+J+J%3BKreissl%2C+J+F%3BVenosa%2C+AD%3BBender%2C+J+H%3BLussier%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Convery&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=6-7&rft.spage=685&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=02731223&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identifying toxicants: NETAC's toxicity-based approach. AN - 15362283; 2120527 JF - Environmental Science and Technology AU - Burkhard, L P AU - Ankley, G T AD - U.S. EPA, Natl. Effluent Toxicity Assess. Cent. (NETAC), Duluth, MN 55804, USA Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 1438 EP - 1443 VL - 23 IS - 12 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - toxicants KW - suspended solids KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - legislation KW - monitoring methods KW - BOD KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15362283?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+and+Technology&rft.atitle=Identifying+toxicants%3A+NETAC%27s+toxicity-based+approach.&rft.au=Burkhard%2C+L+P%3BAnkley%2C+G+T&rft.aulast=Burkhard&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1438&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+and+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - monitoring methods; legislation; BOD ER - TY - JOUR T1 - EPA SITE demonstration of the Terra Vac in situ vacuum extraction process in Groveland, Massachusetts. AN - 15361399; 2120383 AB - This paper presents an EPA evaluation of the patented Terra Vac, Inc.'s in situ vacuum extraction process that was field-demonstrated on a trichloroethylene (TCE) contaminated soil in Groveland, Massachusetts, under the EPA Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE) program. The Terra Vac process employs vacuum for removal and venting of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), such as TCE, from the subsurface soil without excavation. JF - JAPCA - J. AIR WASTE MANAGE. ASSOC. AU - Stinson, M K AD - Releases Control Branch, Risk Reduct. Eng. Lab., US EPA, Edison, NJ 08837, USA Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 1054 EP - 1062 VL - 39 IS - 8 KW - volatile organic compounds KW - Massachusetts, Groveland KW - soils KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - contamination KW - disposal sites KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15361399?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JAPCA+-+J.+AIR+WASTE+MANAGE.+ASSOC.&rft.atitle=EPA+SITE+demonstration+of+the+Terra+Vac+in+situ+vacuum+extraction+process+in+Groveland%2C+Massachusetts.&rft.au=Stinson%2C+M+K&rft.aulast=Stinson&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1054&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=JAPCA+-+J.+AIR+WASTE+MANAGE.+ASSOC.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - disposal sites; contamination ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Temperature takeback in the Hood River Conservation Project. AN - 15339360; 2097627 AB - Gaps between actual and expected levels of energy savings for residential retrofit programs have led to speculation about behavioral changes (referred to as "takeback") following residential energy efficiency improvements. This analysis reveals a small, but statistically significant increase in temperature following residential retrofits in Hood River, Oregon. On average, residential temperature levels increased 0.3 degree C (0.5 degree F) due to the efficiency improvements, with low-income and wood-heated homes having larger increases in internal temperature. In total, if this reflects behavioral changes by Hood River households, it can account for only 5% of the gap between actual and predicted levels of savings induced by the Hood River Conservation Project. JF - Energy and Buildings AU - Dinan, T M AU - Trumble, D AD - Off. Pol. Anal., PM-221, U.S. EPA, 401 M St., S.W., Washington, DC 20460, USA Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 39 EP - 50 VL - 13 IS - 1 SN - 0378-7788, 0378-7788 KW - temperature KW - Hood River Conserv. Project KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - housing KW - economics KW - energy conservation KW - H SE1.26:ENERGY CONSERVATION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15339360?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Energy+and+Buildings&rft.atitle=Temperature+takeback+in+the+Hood+River+Conservation+Project.&rft.au=Dinan%2C+T+M%3BTrumble%2C+D&rft.aulast=Dinan&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=39&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Energy+and+Buildings&rft.issn=03787788&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - energy conservation; economics; housing ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The plan for medical wastes. AN - 15323074; 2081712 AB - During the summer of 1988, medical wastes moved to center stage in the nation's environmental consciousness. Local and national media reported numerous incidents of syringes, blood vials, and other medical-related wastes found on beaches along the Atlantic Coast, the Gulf Coast, and the Great Lakes. In response to public concerns about possible health threats, beaches in New York and New Jersey were closed on several occasions, causing substantial losses to the tourist industry. The U.S. Congress held public hearings on the issue. In the waning days of the last Congressional session, the Medical Waste Tracking Act of 1988 was passed to help ensure the proper disposal of certain kinds of medical wastes. JF - Waste Age AU - Moore, JA AD - U.S. EPA Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SN - 0043-1001, 0043-1001 KW - EPA KW - medical wastes KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - beaches KW - waste management KW - public concern KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15323074?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Waste+Age&rft.atitle=The+plan+for+medical+wastes.&rft.au=Moore%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=34%2B&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Waste+Age&rft.issn=00431001&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - public concern; waste management; beaches ER - TY - JOUR T1 - 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine-coated silica gel cartridge method for determination of formaldehyde in air: Identification of an ozone interference. AN - 15322936; 2081667 AB - The authors identified and quantitated substantial negative interference due to ozone in the determination of formaldehyde in air by the 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine- (2,4-DNPH-) coated silica gel cartridge (SGC) technique of Tejada. 2,4-DNPH acetonitrile solutions in impingers do not exhibit this interference. The first indication of an interference appeared when they used the 2,4-DNPH-SGC to measure HCHO in the presence of high O sub(3) concentrations in a study conducted at the University of North Carolina outdoor environmental (smog) chamber facility. Cosampling was conducted with four continuous HCHO analyzers that were based on different analytical methods. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Arnts, R R AU - Tejada, S B AD - Gas Kinet. and Photochem. Res. Branch and Mobile Source Emiss. Res. Branch, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 1428 EP - 1430 VL - 23 IS - 11 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - formaldehyde KW - pollutant detection KW - monitoring measurements KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - air quality KW - ozone KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15322936?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=2%2C4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine-coated+silica+gel+cartridge+method+for+determination+of+formaldehyde+in+air%3A+Identification+of+an+ozone+interference.&rft.au=Arnts%2C+R+R%3BTejada%2C+S+B&rft.aulast=Arnts&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1428&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - ozone; air quality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Factors associated with reduced fertility and implantation rates in females mated to acrylamide-treated rats. AN - 15318048; 2082330 AB - In initial experiments, males were gavaged with 0.5, 15, 30, 45 or 60 mg/kg acrylamide (ACR) for 5 days and then mated serially to naive females. ACR treatment reduced fertility and increased pre- and post-implantation loss, primarily over the first 3 weeks post-treatment. The effects at Week 1 appeard to result from an interference in sperm transport as demonstrated by the absence of sperm in the uteri of females following a single ejaculation by ACR-treated male rats. The effect was transient, with recovery of fertility in all but the 60 mg/kg group by Week 2. Attempts to explain the reduced rate of implantation concentrated on characterizing changes in measures of ejaculated sperm count and various motility parameters and evaluating sperm fertilizing ability. Males were again dosed acutely with ACR (p.o.). ACR produced statistically significant, but modest, alterations in sperm motility at Week 3. JF - Toxicology AU - Sublet, V H AU - Zenick, H AU - Smith, M K AD - U.S. EPA, HERL, 26 W. Martin Luther King Dr., Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 53 EP - 67 VL - 55 IS - 1-2 SN - 0300-483X, 0300-483X KW - acrylamide KW - rats KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - spermatozoa KW - fertility KW - implantation KW - X 24152:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15318048?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology&rft.atitle=Factors+associated+with+reduced+fertility+and+implantation+rates+in+females+mated+to+acrylamide-treated+rats.&rft.au=Sublet%2C+V+H%3BZenick%2C+H%3BSmith%2C+M+K&rft.aulast=Sublet&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=53&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology&rft.issn=0300483X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - fertility; implantation; spermatozoa ER - TY - CONF T1 - Ash data from combustion sources: Results of Tier 4 of the National Dioxin Study. AN - 15315775; 2075335 AB - Combustion ash samples were analyzed from 74 sites representing 22 combustion source categories. These data were correlated with plant process operating parameters and existing dioxin/furan data from stack tests. Fly ash data were found to be a qualitative indicator of dioxin/furan concentrations in the stack gas. JF - Chemosphere AU - Kuykendal, W B AU - Lamason, WH II AU - Miles, A J AU - Keating, M H Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 1227 EP - 1234 VL - 18 IS - 1-6 KW - combustion KW - National Dioxin Study KW - dioxin KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - EPA KW - fly ash KW - stacks KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15315775?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=Ash+data+from+combustion+sources%3A+Results+of+Tier+4+of+the+National+Dioxin+Study.&rft.au=Kuykendal%2C+W+B%3BLamason%2C+WH+II%3BMiles%2C+A+J%3BKeating%2C+M+H&rft.aulast=Kuykendal&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1-6&rft.spage=1227&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere&rft.issn=00456535&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A quiet sampler for the collection of semivolatile organic pollutants in indoor air. AN - 15315743; 2075293 AB - A prototype air sampler that is quiet and transportable was designed and constructed for the collection of semivolatile organic compounds in indoor air. The sampler combines a filter and adsorbent in series and can be operated at a flow rate sufficient to collect enough organic matter for chemical analysis and microbioassay. The acoustic insulation of the sampler allows it to meet a noise criterion of NC-35, roughly the sound level in a quiet conference room. Operation of the sampler with its exhaust both vented and not vented showed that the sampler itself does not significantly affect the levels of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in indoor air. Therefore it is unnecessary to vent the sampler outdoors during indoor air sampling for these compounds, thus minimizing the effect of the sampler on the house air exchange rate. JF - Environmental Science and Technology AU - Wilson, N K AU - Kuhlman, M R AU - Chuang, J C AU - Mack, G A AU - Howes, JE Jr AD - Atmos. Res. and Expos. Assess. Lab., U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 1112 EP - 1116 VL - 23 IS - 9 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - indoor environments KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - chemical analysis KW - flow rates KW - volatile organic compounds KW - air sampling KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15315743?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+and+Technology&rft.atitle=A+quiet+sampler+for+the+collection+of+semivolatile+organic+pollutants+in+indoor+air.&rft.au=Wilson%2C+N+K%3BKuhlman%2C+M+R%3BChuang%2C+J+C%3BMack%2C+G+A%3BHowes%2C+JE+Jr&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1112&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+and+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - air sampling; flow rates; chemical analysis; volatile organic compounds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A field strategy for sorting volatile organics into source-related groups. AN - 15315628; 2081742 AB - A new monitoring strategy, referred to as temporal profile analysis (TPA), has been developed. TPA uses fixed-site, ambient air monitoring of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to determine the number, VOC composition, and approximate trajectories of nearby source-related emissions. The strategy involves the interpretation of sequential ambient air gas chromatograms generated with sufficient frequency (hourly) to reveal the pronounced temporal variability of individual compounds. VOCs were monitored at a fixed site in the Richmond-Hopewell area of the Commonwealth of Virginia in September 1987 as a demonstration of TPA. The emissions from each of 12 nearby sources or source types were identified by comparing the prominent features in concentration time profiles. Two compound groups contain compounds usually associated with automotive emissions and as such constitute a VOC background that is generally prevalent in urban areas. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - McClenny, WA AU - Oliver, K D AU - Pleil, J D AD - Atmos. Res. and Expos. Assess. Lab., U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 1373 EP - 1379 VL - 23 IS - 11 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - volatile organic compounds KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - urban areas KW - emission control KW - gas chromatography KW - automotive exhaust emissions KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - H ST2.26:EMISSIONS AND EMISSION CONTROL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15315628?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=A+field+strategy+for+sorting+volatile+organics+into+source-related+groups.&rft.au=McClenny%2C+WA%3BOliver%2C+K+D%3BPleil%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=McClenny&rft.aufirst=WA&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1373&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - gas chromatography; emission control; automotive exhaust emissions; urban areas ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of macromolecules on chemical transport. AN - 15315121; 2078786 AB - Macromolecules in the pore fluid influence the mobility of hydrophobic compounds through soils. This study evaluated the significance of macromolecules in facilitating chemical transport under laboratory conditions. Partition coefficients between super(14)C-labeled hexachlorobenzene and three macromolecules (dextran, humic acid, and groundwater dissolved organic carbon (DOC)) were determined in a three-phase (water-macromolecule-soil) system. Breakthrough curves for dextran and groundwater DOC demonstrated apparent size exclusion, as these compounds eluted from the soil column before the super(3)H sub(2)O. The impact of the dextran was demonstrated under dynamic conditions by use of hexachlorobenzene, anthracene, and pyrene with and without macromolecules in replicated, biologically inhibited (sodium azide), saturated soil columns. The results may help explain the mechanism by which hydrophobic pollutants appear in deep groundwater aquifers. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Enfield, C G AU - Bengtsson, G AU - Lindqvist, R AD - R.S. Kerr Environ. Res. Lab., U.S. EPA, Ada, OK, USA Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 1278 EP - 1286 VL - 23 IS - 10 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - groundwater KW - pollutant dispersion KW - soils KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - mathematical models KW - leaching KW - aquifers KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15315121?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Influence+of+macromolecules+on+chemical+transport.&rft.au=Enfield%2C+C+G%3BBengtsson%2C+G%3BLindqvist%2C+R&rft.aulast=Enfield&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1278&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifers; mathematical models; leaching ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of expert systems technology in water quality modeling. AN - 15314750; 2067005 AB - Computerized modeling is becoming an integral part of decision making in water pollution control. Expert systems is an innovative methodology that can assist in building, using, and interpreting the output of these models. This paper reviews the use and evaluates the potential of expert systems technology in environmental modeling and describes elements of an expert advisor for the stream water quality model QUAL2E. Some general conclusions are presented about the tools available to develop this system, the level of available technology in knowledge-based engineering, and the value of approaching problems from a knowledge engineering perspective. JF - Water Science and Technology AU - Barnwell, TO Jr AU - Brown, L C AU - Marek, W AD - U.S. EPA, College Station Rd., Athens, GA 30613, USA Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 1045 EP - 1056 VL - 21 IS - 8-9 SN - 0273-1223, 0273-1223 KW - DO KW - QUAL2E KW - expert systems KW - mathematical models KW - pollution control KW - simulation KW - streams KW - water quality KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - Q5 08502:Methods and instruments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15314750?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Water+Science+and+Technology&rft.atitle=Application+of+expert+systems+technology+in+water+quality+modeling.&rft.au=Barnwell%2C+TO+Jr%3BBrown%2C+L+C%3BMarek%2C+W&rft.aulast=Barnwell&rft.aufirst=TO&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=8-9&rft.spage=1045&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Science+and+Technology&rft.issn=02731223&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - part 3. N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - mathematical models; simulation; pollution control; expert systems; streams ER - TY - CONF T1 - International information exchange activities on dioxins. AN - 15314361; 2075356 AB - A project promoting the exchange of information on polychlorinated dibenzo-para-dioxins and related chemicals has been initiated on an international basis. The project is being conducted under the auspices of the Committee on the Challenges of Modern Society of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization with representation from the following nations: Canada, Denmark, Federal Republic of Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, United Kingdom, and United States. Areas being studied include exposure and hazard assessment, technology assessment, and management of accidents. JF - Chemosphere AU - Kutz, F W AU - Bottimore, D P AU - Bretthauer, E W AU - McNelis, D N Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 753 EP - 758 VL - 18 IS - 1-6 KW - dioxin KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - accidents KW - technology KW - information systems KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15314361?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=International+information+exchange+activities+on+dioxins.&rft.au=Kutz%2C+F+W%3BBottimore%2C+D+P%3BBretthauer%2C+E+W%3BMcNelis%2C+D+N&rft.aulast=Kutz&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1-6&rft.spage=753&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere&rft.issn=00456535&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of room temperature OH rate constants for acetylene, ethylene dichloride, ethylene dibromide, p-dichlorobenzene and carbon disulfide. AN - 15314227; 2074627 AB - A relative rate procedure was used to measure hydroxyl rate constants at room temperature in the presence of oxygen. The photolysis of methyl nitrite in the presence of nitric oxide was used to generate OH radicals. Under a proposed EPA rule, this OH rate determination procedure could be used to determine if a given volatile organic will be subject to control for reduction of photochemical ozone. JF - JAPCA - J. AIR WASTE MANAGE. ASSOC. AU - Arnts, R R AU - Seila, R L AU - Bufalini, JJ AD - Atmos. Sci. Res. Lab., U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 453 EP - 460 VL - 39 IS - 4 KW - temperature KW - nitric oxides KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - photolysis KW - photochemicals KW - volatile organic compounds KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15314227?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JAPCA+-+J.+AIR+WASTE+MANAGE.+ASSOC.&rft.atitle=Determination+of+room+temperature+OH+rate+constants+for+acetylene%2C+ethylene+dichloride%2C+ethylene+dibromide%2C+p-dichlorobenzene+and+carbon+disulfide.&rft.au=Arnts%2C+R+R%3BSeila%2C+R+L%3BBufalini%2C+JJ&rft.aulast=Arnts&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=453&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=JAPCA+-+J.+AIR+WASTE+MANAGE.+ASSOC.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - photolysis; photochemicals; volatile organic compounds ER - TY - CONF T1 - The occurrence and fate of PCDDs and PCDFs in five bleached kraft pulp and paper mills. AN - 15314221; 2075250 AB - Preliminary results from the US EPA/Paper Industry Cooperative Dioxin Screening Survey are presented. Inputs, intermediates, and exports from five bleached kraft pulp and paper mills were analyzed for 2378-TCDD and 2378-TCDF. JF - Chemosphere AU - Amendola, G AU - Barna, D AU - Blosser, R AU - LaFleur, L AU - McBride, A AU - Thomas, F AU - Tiernan, T AU - Whittemore, R Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 1181 EP - 1188 VL - 18 IS - 1-6 KW - surveys KW - wastewater disposal KW - pollutant detection KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - EPA KW - pulp wastes KW - paper industry wastes KW - PCDF KW - PCDD KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15314221?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=The+occurrence+and+fate+of+PCDDs+and+PCDFs+in+five+bleached+kraft+pulp+and+paper+mills.&rft.au=Amendola%2C+G%3BBarna%2C+D%3BBlosser%2C+R%3BLaFleur%2C+L%3BMcBride%2C+A%3BThomas%2C+F%3BTiernan%2C+T%3BWhittemore%2C+R&rft.aulast=Amendola&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1-6&rft.spage=1181&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere&rft.issn=00456535&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sorption of toxic organic compounds on wastewater solids: Correlation with fundamental properties. AN - 15313944; 2075349 AB - Sorption of toxic organic compounds on primary, mixed-liquor, and digested solids from municipal wastewater treatment plants has been correlated with octanol/water partition coefficients and with modified Randic indexes. It has been shown that the correlations are the same for all three types of wastewater solids used in this study if partition coefficients are calculated on the basis of organic content of the solids. The correlations developed are useful for assessing the role of sorption in the treatment of toxic or hazardous compounds in conventional biological wastewater treatment plants. Correlations developed provide a basis for predicting the concentration of toxic compounds associated with wastewater solids at a given equilibrium concentration in the aqueous phase. Organic compounds in sludge can impact anaerobic digestion, land spreading, incineration, and ocean dumping of sludges. JF - Environmental Science and Technology AU - Dobbs, R A AU - Wang, L AU - Govind, R AD - US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 1092 EP - 1097 VL - 23 IS - 9 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - organic compounds KW - anaerobic process KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - ocean dumping KW - digestion KW - wastewater treatment plants KW - P 3000:SEWAGE & WASTEWATER TREATMENT KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15313944?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+and+Technology&rft.atitle=Sorption+of+toxic+organic+compounds+on+wastewater+solids%3A+Correlation+with+fundamental+properties.&rft.au=Dobbs%2C+R+A%3BWang%2C+L%3BGovind%2C+R&rft.aulast=Dobbs&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1092&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+and+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - wastewater treatment plants; ocean dumping; digestion ER - TY - CONF T1 - Solving dioxin contamination problems in Missouri. AN - 15313845; 2075217 AB - This paper discusses measures taken by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Region VII, to deal with the problem of dioxin contamination in Missouri. The Agency is moving rapidly toward a comprehensive, final solution to this problem. JF - Chemosphere AU - Hazel, R H Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 1171 EP - 1175 VL - 18 IS - 1-6 KW - dioxin KW - Missouri KW - soils KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - EPA KW - cleaning process KW - contamination KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15313845?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=Solving+dioxin+contamination+problems+in+Missouri.&rft.au=Hazel%2C+R+H&rft.aulast=Hazel&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1-6&rft.spage=1171&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere&rft.issn=00456535&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Review of plant uptake of 2,3,7,8-TCDD from soil and potential influences of bioavailability. AN - 15313483; 2075323 AB - Volatilization of 2,3,7,8-TCDD from soil and resorption on foliage represents a significant route of contamination. Some studies indicate low level uptake, translocation from roots to foliage and transpiration from foliage, while one shows more than 95% of 2,3,7,8-TCDD associated with edible fruits and with tubers is found in peels. Differences in bioavailability from different soils might account for some inconsistencies between existing studies, suggesting additional information useful in reporting future work. JF - Chemosphere AU - Kew, G A AU - Schaum, J L AU - White, P AU - Evans, T T Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 1313 EP - 1318 VL - 18 IS - 1-6 KW - plants KW - soils KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - TCDD KW - contamination KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15313483?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=Review+of+plant+uptake+of+2%2C3%2C7%2C8-TCDD+from+soil+and+potential+influences+of+bioavailability.&rft.au=Kew%2C+G+A%3BSchaum%2C+J+L%3BWhite%2C+P%3BEvans%2C+T+T&rft.aulast=Kew&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1-6&rft.spage=1313&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere&rft.issn=00456535&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Evaluation of method performance for measuring 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in ambient air. AN - 15313085; 2075697 AB - High volume sampling in combination with GC/MS analytical techniques have been used to measure 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD) in ambient air at numerous sites within Region VII, U.S. EPA. Extensive use of these procedures has resulted in a large database of information which has been used to evaluate and document the method's performance. JF - Chemosphere AU - Hudson, J L AU - Morey, DA Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 141 EP - 148 VL - 18 IS - 1-6 KW - gas chromatography KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - performance KW - TCDD KW - mass spectroscopy KW - air sampling KW - sampling methods KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15313085?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+method+performance+for+measuring+2%2C3%2C7%2C8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin+in+ambient+air.&rft.au=Hudson%2C+J+L%3BMorey%2C+DA&rft.aulast=Hudson&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1-6&rft.spage=141&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere&rft.issn=00456535&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Overcoming chemophobia: A key factor in solving the Missouri dioxin problem. AN - 15313050; 2075238 AB - This paper discusses measures taken by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Region VII, to deal with the problem of dioxin contamination in Missouri. JF - Chemosphere AU - Kay, M Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 1177 EP - 1180 VL - 18 IS - 1-6 KW - Missouri KW - dioxin KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - EPA KW - contamination KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15313050?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=Overcoming+chemophobia%3A+A+key+factor+in+solving+the+Missouri+dioxin+problem.&rft.au=Kay%2C+M&rft.aulast=Kay&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1-6&rft.spage=1177&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere&rft.issn=00456535&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Identification of bromo/chloro dibenzo-P-dioxins and dibenzofurans in ash samples. AN - 15312954; 2075567 AB - This paper describes the analytical procedures, results and identification of bromo/chloro dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in ash samples from several types of combustion and incineration processes. JF - Chemosphere AU - Harless, R L AU - Lewis, R G AU - McDaniel, D D AU - Dupuy, AE Jr Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 201 EP - 208 VL - 18 IS - 1-6 KW - dioxin KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - ash KW - incineration KW - PBB compounds KW - combustion KW - sampling methods KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15312954?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=Identification+of+bromo%2Fchloro+dibenzo-P-dioxins+and+dibenzofurans+in+ash+samples.&rft.au=Harless%2C+R+L%3BLewis%2C+R+G%3BMcDaniel%2C+D+D%3BDupuy%2C+AE+Jr&rft.aulast=Harless&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1-6&rft.spage=201&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere&rft.issn=00456535&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quality assurance for the SITE program demonstrations. AN - 15312784; 2074751 AB - The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has implemented a rigorous quality assurance (QA) program to ensure that the performance data generated during their Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE) Demonstration projects are of known and adequate quality to support decisions to use such technologies for hazardous waste site characterizations or remediations. A general overview of the ways in which this QA program has been conducted and of the results it has produced is presented. JF - JAPCA - J. AIR WASTE MANAGE. ASSOC. AU - Simes, G F AU - Harrington, J S AD - Risk Reduct. Eng. Lab., U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 431 EP - 436 VL - 39 IS - 4 KW - disposal sites KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - EPA KW - Superfund KW - hazardous wastes KW - cleaning process KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15312784?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JAPCA+-+J.+AIR+WASTE+MANAGE.+ASSOC.&rft.atitle=Quality+assurance+for+the+SITE+program+demonstrations.&rft.au=Simes%2C+G+F%3BHarrington%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Simes&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=431&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=JAPCA+-+J.+AIR+WASTE+MANAGE.+ASSOC.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Superfund; hazardous wastes; cleaning process; EPA ER - TY - CONF T1 - Characterization of the risks posed by CDDs and CDFs. AN - 15304906; 2059168 AB - The acknowledged exposure of humans to toxic CDDs and CDFs have led to a wide range "concentration levels of concern" (spanning more than 1000X) by regulatory agencies around the world. This diversity in risk characterization reflects incomplete knowledge of effects in humans and incomplete understanding of the mechanism by which these chemicals express their toxic action. JF - Chemosphere AU - Barnes, D G Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 33 EP - 39 VL - 18 IS - 1-6 KW - risk assessment KW - chlorine compounds KW - dioxin KW - polychlorinated dibenzo(p)dioxins KW - polychlorinated dibenzofurans KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - toxicity KW - public health KW - X 24230:Legislation & recommended standards KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15304906?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+the+risks+posed+by+CDDs+and+CDFs.&rft.au=Barnes%2C+D+G&rft.aulast=Barnes&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1-6&rft.spage=33&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere&rft.issn=00456535&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Regulatory analysis of pollutant emissions, including polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (CDDs) and dibenzofurans (CDFs), from the stacks of municipal waste combustors. AN - 15302816; 2059027 AB - Municipal waste combustors (MWCs) are known to emit into the air quantities of CDDs, CDFs and other carcinogenic and toxic organic and inorganic compounds from the stack. In support of a regulatory determination, an impact analysis, including a quantitative risk assessment of 13 pollutants in the air emissions, was conducted to evaluate the impacts of further controls on emissions. This paper describes the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) regulatory analysis of dioxins and other pollutant emissions from MWCs, and discusses the Agency's findings. JF - Chemosphere AU - Cleverly, D H AU - Morrison, R M AU - Riddle, B L AU - Kellam, R G Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 1143 EP - 1153 VL - 18 IS - 1-6 KW - municipal wastes KW - stacks KW - PCDD KW - PCDF KW - EPA KW - government regulations KW - emission control KW - polychlorinated dibenzo(p)dioxins KW - polychlorinated dibenzofurans KW - government policy KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - air pollution KW - carcinogens KW - incinerators KW - safety regulations KW - risk assessment KW - X 24230:Legislation & recommended standards KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15302816?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=Regulatory+analysis+of+pollutant+emissions%2C+including+polychlorinated+dibenzo-p-dioxins+%28CDDs%29+and+dibenzofurans+%28CDFs%29%2C+from+the+stacks+of+municipal+waste+combustors.&rft.au=Cleverly%2C+D+H%3BMorrison%2C+R+M%3BRiddle%2C+B+L%3BKellam%2C+R+G&rft.aulast=Cleverly&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1-6&rft.spage=1143&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere&rft.issn=00456535&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Advances in dioxin risk management control technologies. AN - 15301703; 2059432 AB - An intrinsic element of managing risk exposure to dioxins and related chemicals is to reduce release into the environment. Such efforts include modifying manufacturing processes and/or adding waste reduction and recovery technologies such as producing hexachlorophene from dichlorophenols, modifying pulp and paper mill bleaching processes, and pyrolyzing chlorinated still bottoms for HCl recovery. The identification, testing and evaluation of treatment technologies that can be employed prior to or as alternatives to land disposal represent a significant effort in risk reduction. Waste management options are discussed, which include in situ stabilization solidification/fixation and vitrification, storage in abandoned surface mines, and biological methods. JF - Chemosphere AU - desRosiers, P E AU - Skinner, J H Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 41 EP - 55 VL - 18 IS - 1-6 KW - pyrolysis KW - dioxin KW - waste management KW - hydrogen chloride KW - materials recovery KW - TCDD KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Pollution Abstracts KW - biodegradation KW - risk assessment KW - X 24222:Analytical procedures KW - A 01016:Microbial degradation KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15301703?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=Advances+in+dioxin+risk+management+control+technologies.&rft.au=desRosiers%2C+P+E%3BSkinner%2C+J+H&rft.aulast=desRosiers&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1-6&rft.spage=41&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere&rft.issn=00456535&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bacterial uptake of dissolved free and combined amino acids in estuarine waters. AN - 15296699; 2052738 AB - The Delaware Estuary was sampled at 10-14 stations along the main salinity axis from February to August 1985. Dissolved free and combined amino acid concentrations ranged from 50 nM to 1.4 mu M and 0.1 to 8.0 mu M, respectively. Combined amino acid concentrations were generally higher than dissolved free amino acids. Highest amino acid concentrations were measured in the lower estuary in early spring. Molecular weight analysis of the dissolved combined amino acids revealed that a high percentage of the pool contained peptides of < 1,000 daltons. Uptake of super(14)C-labeled amino acids and an algal protein were used to estimate the relative importance of these potential bacterial substrates. JF - Limnology and Oceanography AU - Coffin, R B AD - Technical Resources, Inc., c/o U.S. EPA, Gulf Breeze Environ. Res. Lab., Sabine Island, FL 32561, USA Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 531 EP - 542 VL - 34 IS - 3 SN - 0024-3590, 0024-3590 KW - USA, Delaware Estuary KW - aquatic bacteria KW - uptake KW - ASFA Marine Biotechnology Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Oceanic Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Ecology Abstracts KW - estuaries KW - amino acids KW - ANW, USA, Delaware Estuary KW - bacteria KW - Brackish KW - accumulation KW - O 1070:Ecology/Community Studies KW - Q1 08201:General KW - Q4 27480:Environmental Applications/Impact KW - Q1 08442:Population dynamics KW - J 02905:Water KW - D 04210:Coastal ecosystems UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15296699?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Limnology+and+Oceanography&rft.atitle=Bacterial+uptake+of+dissolved+free+and+combined+amino+acids+in+estuarine+waters.&rft.au=Coffin%2C+R+B&rft.aulast=Coffin&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=531&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Limnology+and+Oceanography&rft.issn=00243590&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - estuaries; amino acids; bacteria; accumulation; ANW, USA, Delaware Estuary; Brackish ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The EPA's approach to pollution prevention. AN - 15296595; 2044753 AB - Environmental protection and industrial productivity are not mutually exclusive. Waste minimization (or elimination) is a goal we all can live with. JF - Chemical Engineering Progress AU - Stephan, D G AU - Atcheson, J AD - U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 53 EP - 58 VL - 85 IS - 6 SN - 0360-7275, 0360-7275 KW - waste management KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - recycling KW - industrial wastes KW - EPA KW - economics KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT KW - H SE3.25:COMPOSTING, RECYCLING, REUSE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15296595?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemical+Engineering+Progress&rft.atitle=The+EPA%27s+approach+to+pollution+prevention.&rft.au=Stephan%2C+D+G%3BAtcheson%2C+J&rft.aulast=Stephan&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=53&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemical+Engineering+Progress&rft.issn=03607275&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - EPA; industrial wastes; economics; recycling ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Innovative thermal destruction technologies. AN - 15295026; 2045530 AB - Five innovative technologies for thermally destroying hazardous wastes were selected and are described. They are oxygen-enriched incineration, Westinghouse/O'Connor combustor, circulating bed combustion, infrared system, and plasma arc. Two important criteria used in selecting these technologies are that they are at least at the stage of pilot-scale demonstration and appear to be promising in terms of destruction effectiveness. JF - Environmental Progress AU - Lee, C C AU - Huffman, G L AD - U.S. EPA, Off. Res. and Dev., Off. Environ. Eng. and Technol. Demonstr., Risk Reduct. Eng. Lab., Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 190 EP - 199 VL - 8 IS - 3 SN - 0278-4491, 0278-4491 KW - hazardous wastes KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - oxygen KW - incineration KW - combustion KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15295026?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Progress&rft.atitle=Innovative+thermal+destruction+technologies.&rft.au=Lee%2C+C+C%3BHuffman%2C+G+L&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=190&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Progress&rft.issn=02784491&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - combustion; incineration; oxygen ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of environmental tobacco smoke. AN - 15293438; 2044709 AB - Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) has been analyzed with respect to several components following smoking of research cigarettes in an experimental chamber. Parameters analyzed and their airborne yield per cigarette included particulate matter (10 mg) and its mutagenic activity in a Salmonella bioassay, carbon monoxide (67 mg), nitrogen oxides (2 mg), nicotine (0.8-3.3 mg), formaldehyde (2 mg), acetaldehyde (2.4 mg), acrolein (0.56 mg), benzene (0.5 mg), and several unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons (e.g., 1,3-butadiene) of which isoprene (3.1 mg) had the highest yield. ETS from commercial cigarettes was likewise analyzed in the experimental chamber and at a public location. The relative component composition for ETS is similar when generated from either research or commercial cigarettes. JF - Environmental Science and Technology AU - Loefroth, G AU - Burton, R M AU - Forehand, L AU - Hammond, S K AU - Seila, R L AU - Zweidinger, R B AU - Lewtas, J AD - Health Eff. Res. Lab. and Atmos. Res. and Expos. Assess. Lab., U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 610 EP - 614 VL - 23 IS - 5 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - environmental monitoring KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - bioassays KW - smoke KW - tobacco KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - H SE4.26:DRUGS AND ALCOHOL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15293438?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+and+Technology&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+environmental+tobacco+smoke.&rft.au=Loefroth%2C+G%3BBurton%2C+R+M%3BForehand%2C+L%3BHammond%2C+S+K%3BSeila%2C+R+L%3BZweidinger%2C+R+B%3BLewtas%2C+J&rft.aulast=Loefroth&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=610&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+and+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - tobacco; smoke; bioassays ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sequential sampling of plasma cholinesterase in mallards (Anas platyrhynchos ) as an indicator of exposure to cholinesterase inhibitors. AN - 15288723; 2030608 AB - The use of sequential measurements of plasma cholinesterase (ChE) activity for monitoring exposure to organophosphorus pesticides was investigated in the mallard (Anas platyrhynchos ). At the onset of incubation, birds were assigned to treated pair-fed, control or nonincubating control groups. Blood samples were collected weekly during egglaying and every 3 d during incubation periods. Both plasma and brain samples were taken on day 24 of incubation. Plasma ChE was more variable than brain ChE among the birds and there were no significant correlations between plasma and brain samples within treatment groups. Reduced food consumption during incubation did not affect plasma ChE activity. Birds that abandoned their nests had significantly increased ChE activity at the time of abandonment. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Fairbrother, A AU - Bennett, R S AU - Bennett, J K AD - Environ. Res. Lab., U.S. EPA, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 117 EP - 122 VL - 8 IS - 2 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - cholinesterase KW - enzymatic activity KW - inhibitors KW - methyl parathion KW - pesticides (organophosphorus) KW - plasma KW - sampling KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Freshwater KW - enzymes KW - Anas platyrhynchos KW - pollution effects KW - pesticides KW - H SE1.21:WILDLIFE KW - X 24135:Biochemistry KW - Q1 08361:General KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15288723?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Sequential+sampling+of+plasma+cholinesterase+in+mallards+%28Anas+platyrhynchos+%29+as+an+indicator+of+exposure+to+cholinesterase+inhibitors.&rft.au=Fairbrother%2C+A%3BBennett%2C+R+S%3BBennett%2C+J+K&rft.aulast=Fairbrother&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=117&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - sampling; enzymatic activity; pollution effects; pesticides; enzymes; plasma; Anas platyrhynchos; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Composition and origin of summertime air pollutants at Deep Creek Lake, Maryland. AN - 15287706; 2045831 AB - A 1 month intensive summertime field study conducted in rural western Maryland resulted in a comprehensive set of fine particle, gaseous and meteorological data. Sulfur in the assumed form of ammonium sulfate accounted for 67% of the average fine particle mass and had a very high correlation with fine particle mass. Other measured species, including carbon and nitrate, made only minor contributions to the fine mass. Peak sulfate concentrations, averaged over 6-h intervals, exceeded 50 mu g m super(-3). Nitric acid concentrations showed strong daytime maxima and on a 24 h basis were about four times those of fine particle nitrate. Sulfur in the gas phase (SO sub(2)) constituted more than half of the total sulfur, indicating that the sampling site was being influenced by local sources. JF - Atmospheric Environment AU - Vossler, T L AU - Lewis, C W AU - Stevens, R K AU - Dzubay, T G AU - Gordon, GE AU - Tuncel, S G AU - Russwurm, G M AU - Keeler, G J AD - Atmos. Res. and Expos. Assess. Lab., U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 1535 EP - 1547 VL - 23 IS - 7 SN - 1352-2310, 1352-2310 KW - air pollutants KW - Maryland, Deep Creek Lake KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - rural areas KW - seasonal variations KW - meteorology KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15287706?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.atitle=Composition+and+origin+of+summertime+air+pollutants+at+Deep+Creek+Lake%2C+Maryland.&rft.au=Vossler%2C+T+L%3BLewis%2C+C+W%3BStevens%2C+R+K%3BDzubay%2C+T+G%3BGordon%2C+GE%3BTuncel%2C+S+G%3BRusswurm%2C+G+M%3BKeeler%2C+G+J&rft.aulast=Vossler&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1535&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.issn=13522310&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - seasonal variations; rural areas; meteorology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The SITE demonstration of the Shirco electric infrared incinerator. AN - 15283975; 2045492 AB - A test program for the Shirco infrared destruction process is described in this article. This incineration process is transportable and can be an affective method for cleanup of soils from Superfund sites. A pilot-scale unit and a 100-ton per day transportable unit were tested as part of the Superfund Technology Evaluation (SITE) program. The process consists of a thermal destruction chamber where electricity is used for infrared rods that heat the waste, and a second chamber where propane is used to destroy any remaining hydrocarbons in the exhaust from the first chamber. A venturi scrubber and horizontal packed tower were used for particulate removal before exhausting the gas to the atmosphere. The feed material was reduced to less than one inch in diameter before it was processed by the unit. JF - JAPCA - J. AIR WASTE MANAGE. ASSOC. AU - Wall, HO AU - Olexsey, R A AU - Rosenthal, S AD - Risk Reduct. Eng. Lab., U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 815 EP - 819 VL - 39 IS - 6 KW - incineration KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - scrubbers KW - thermal discharges KW - Superfund KW - disposal sites KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15283975?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JAPCA+-+J.+AIR+WASTE+MANAGE.+ASSOC.&rft.atitle=The+SITE+demonstration+of+the+Shirco+electric+infrared+incinerator.&rft.au=Wall%2C+HO%3BOlexsey%2C+R+A%3BRosenthal%2C+S&rft.aulast=Wall&rft.aufirst=HO&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=815&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=JAPCA+-+J.+AIR+WASTE+MANAGE.+ASSOC.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Superfund; disposal sites; scrubbers; thermal discharges ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chemical and biological characterization of products of incomplete combustion from the simulated field burning of agricultural plastic. AN - 15283907; 2044927 AB - Chemical and biological analyses were performed to characterize products of incomplete combustion emitted during the simulated open field burning of agricultural plastic. A small utility shed equipped with an air delivery system was used to simulate pile burning and forced-air-curtain incineration of a nonhalogenated agricultural plastic that reportedly consisted of polyethylene and carbon black. Emissions were analyzed for combustion gases; volatile, semi-volatile, and particulate organics; and toxic and mutagenic properties. Emission samples, as well as samples of the used (possibly pesticide-contaminated) plastic, were analyzed for the presence of several pesticides to which the plastic may have been exposed. JF - JAPCA - J. AIR WASTE MANAGE. ASSOC. AU - Linak, W P AU - Perry, E AU - Williams, R W AU - Ryan, J V AU - DeMarini, D M AD - Air and Energy Eng. Res. Lab., U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 836 EP - 846 VL - 39 IS - 6 KW - plastics KW - burning KW - biology KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - chemical analysis KW - emissions KW - agriculture KW - combustion KW - simulation KW - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15283907?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JAPCA+-+J.+AIR+WASTE+MANAGE.+ASSOC.&rft.atitle=Chemical+and+biological+characterization+of+products+of+incomplete+combustion+from+the+simulated+field+burning+of+agricultural+plastic.&rft.au=Linak%2C+W+P%3BPerry%2C+E%3BWilliams%2C+R+W%3BRyan%2C+J+V%3BDeMarini%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Linak&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=836&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=JAPCA+-+J.+AIR+WASTE+MANAGE.+ASSOC.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agriculture; combustion; emissions; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; simulation; chemical analysis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Incineration of solid waste. AN - 15282291; 2045454 AB - The concern over solid waste disposal and dump-site clean-up resulted in the passage of three major U.S. environmental laws. They are the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) of 1976, Public Law 94-580, and the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA) of 1980, Public Law 96-510. The implementation of these three laws has intensified incineration research, because incineration represents the highest degree of destruction and environmental control possible for various waste types. This paper reviews the fundamentals of incineration and provides an incinerator design example to show how combustion fundamentals are applied to an incineration system. JF - Environmental Progress AU - Lee, C C AU - Huffman, G L AD - U.S. EPA, Off. Res. and Dev., Off. Environ. Eng. and Technol. Demonst., Risk Reduct. Eng. Lab., Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 143 EP - 151 VL - 8 IS - 3 SN - 0278-4491, 0278-4491 KW - incineration KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - solid wastes KW - legislation KW - combustion KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15282291?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Progress&rft.atitle=Incineration+of+solid+waste.&rft.au=Lee%2C+C+C%3BHuffman%2C+G+L&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=143&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Progress&rft.issn=02784491&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - solid wastes; combustion; legislation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of respiratory-cardiovascular responses of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri ) in identifying acute toxicity syndromes in fish: Part 3. Polar narcotics. AN - 15282272; 2039487 AB - The physiological responses of rainbow trout to acutely lethal aqueous concentrations of the suspected polar narcotics -- phenol, 2,4-dimethylphenol, aniline, 2-chloroaniline and 4-chloroaniline -- were examined. Visible signs of intoxication included tremors that progressed to whole-organism clonic seizures, followed by general depression and respiratory-cardiovascular collapse. Tremors and seizures were usually initiated with coughs. The most striking changes in the respiratory-cardiovascular parameters for all five toxicants included elevated cough frequency (coincident with seizures), ventilation frequency and hematocrit, and depressed gill oxygen uptake efficiency, arterial pH, total arterial oxygen and total arterial carbon dioxide. The physiological responses noted were attributed to the initial muscular activity associated with seizures followed by respiratory-cardiovascular collapse. Using phenol as a model compound, these effects were found to be reversible when intoxicated fish were exposed to chemical-free water. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Bradbury, S P AU - Henry, T R AU - Niemi, G J AU - Carlson, R W AU - Snarski, V M AD - Environ. Res. Lab.-Duluth, U.S. EPA, Duluth, MN 55804, USA Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 247 EP - 261 VL - 8 IS - 3 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - Salmo gairdneri KW - aniline KW - aromatic compounds KW - aromatics KW - as-m-xylenol KW - cardiovascular system KW - effects on KW - narcotics KW - o-chloroaniline KW - p-chloroaniline KW - phenol KW - xylenol KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - respiration KW - Freshwater KW - toxicity KW - pollution effects KW - X 24151:Acute exposure KW - Q1 08341:General KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15282272?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Use+of+respiratory-cardiovascular+responses+of+rainbow+trout+%28Salmo+gairdneri+%29+in+identifying+acute+toxicity+syndromes+in+fish%3A+Part+3.+Polar+narcotics.&rft.au=Bradbury%2C+S+P%3BHenry%2C+T+R%3BNiemi%2C+G+J%3BCarlson%2C+R+W%3BSnarski%2C+V+M&rft.aulast=Bradbury&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=247&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - respiration; toxicity; aromatics; pollution effects; cardiovascular system; aromatic compounds; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relationship between photosynthetic and respiratory carbon metabolism in freshwater phytoplankton. AN - 15260026; 2022201 AB - Measurements of algal carbon metabolism in the light and the dark were conducted in short-term (3-h) light and dark incubations, a diel (24-h) experiment, and a longer-term (4-d) carbon accumulation experiment to examine the relationship between photosynthetic rates, photosynthetic carbon metabolism in the light, and respiration and carbon metabolism in the ensuing dark period in natural assemblages of freshwater phytoplankton. High rates of photosynthesis and polysaccharide synthesis in the light were followed by high rates of respiration and polysaccharide utilization in the dark. Polysaccharide was the major respiratory substrate in the dark, and small molecular weight metabolites, lipids, and protein were less important sources and metabolic energy. The protein pool accumulated carbon during dark incubations, but more slowly than during active photosynthesis in the light. JF - Hydrobiologia AU - Groeger, A W AU - Kimmel, B L AD - Environ. Res. Lab., U.S. EPA, 200 S.W. 35th St., Corvallis, OR 97333, USA Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 107 EP - 117 VL - 173 IS - 2 SN - 0018-8158, 0018-8158 KW - carbon KW - freshwater environments KW - phytoplankton KW - plant metabolism KW - production KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - respiration KW - photosynthesis KW - inland water environment KW - metabolism KW - primary production KW - Freshwater KW - Q1 08461:Plankton KW - Q1 08226:Physiology, biochemistry, biophysics KW - D 04627:Algae/lichens KW - K 03049:Algae UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15260026?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hydrobiologia&rft.atitle=Relationship+between+photosynthetic+and+respiratory+carbon+metabolism+in+freshwater+phytoplankton.&rft.au=Groeger%2C+A+W%3BKimmel%2C+B+L&rft.aulast=Groeger&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=173&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=107&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hydrobiologia&rft.issn=00188158&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - respiration; photosynthesis; inland water environment; metabolism; carbon; plant metabolism; primary production; freshwater environments; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of food availability on the acute toxicity of four chemicals to Mysidopsis bahia (Mysidacea) in static exposures. AN - 15259927; 2022150 AB - The effect of nutritionally deficient Artemia nauplii on the growth of the mysid, Mysidopsis bahia , were evaluated in static systems. When Artemia nauplii with or without highly unsaturated fatty acid 20:5 omega 3 were fed to 24-h-old M. bahia there was no difference in growth of mysids on either ration after 96 h of feeding. A study comparing amount of available food in static systems necessary for good survival and growth indicated that rations of 5, 10 or 30 Artemia per mysid per day (A/m/d) were different from 50, 70, 90 and 110 A/m/d as measured by dry weight. Static acute 96-h tests were conducted with less than or equal to 24-h-old Mysidopsis bahia using carbophenothion, cypermethrin, malathion, or 4-(tert-octyl)phenol. For each chemical, two replicate tests were conducted simultaneously with each of three rations of food provided. The rations chosen were 10 A/m/d, providing survival with minimal growth, a midpoint ration (60 A/m/d), and 110 A/m/d, clearly in excess of that necessary for good survival and growth. Only LC50s obtained in tests using 10 A/m/d were different from other test results. Lack of food does adversely affect results of mysid static tests. Excess food has the potential to reduce dissolved oxygen to nearly unacceptable concentrations. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Cripe, G M AU - Ingley-Guezou, A AU - Goodman, L R AU - Forester, J AD - U.S. EPA, Gulf Breeze Environ. Res. Lab., Sabine Island, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561, USA Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 333 EP - 338 VL - 8 IS - 4 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - 4-(tert-octyl)phenol KW - acute toxicity KW - bioindicators KW - carbophenothion KW - cypermethrin KW - food availability KW - foods KW - malathion KW - pollution indicators KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Marine KW - chemical pollution KW - Mysidopsis bahia KW - toxicity KW - growth KW - Q1 08286:Physiology, biochemistry, biophysics KW - X 24131:Acute exposure KW - Q1 08424:Age and growth KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing KW - Q1 08425:Nutrition and feeding habits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15259927?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Effect+of+food+availability+on+the+acute+toxicity+of+four+chemicals+to+Mysidopsis+bahia+%28Mysidacea%29+in+static+exposures.&rft.au=Cripe%2C+G+M%3BIngley-Guezou%2C+A%3BGoodman%2C+L+R%3BForester%2C+J&rft.aulast=Cripe&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=333&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - food availability; chemical pollution; toxicity; pollution indicators; growth; malathion; bioindicators; Mysidopsis bahia; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In vitro ozone exposure inhibits mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation and Il-2 production. AN - 15244890; 2004485 AB - Human blood mononuclear cells were exposed to ozone in vitro and thereafter analyzed for competence in mitogen-induced proliferation as well as IL-1 and IL-2 production. Proliferative responses induced by phytohemagglutinin (PHA), concanavalin A (Con A), and pokeweed mitogen (PWM) were all depressed in lymphocytes exposed to an ozone concentration of 1 ppm for 4-6 h. The response to PWM was most sensitive to the ozone effect (38% suppression); responses to Con A and PHA were suppressed to a lesser extent, 23% and 18%, respectively, and were not significantly different from each other. PWM responses were affected at an ozone concentration as low as 0.1 ppm; however, no suppression of Con A-induced proliferation was seen below 0.18 ppm or of PHA-induced proliferation below 0.5 ppm. JF - Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health AU - Becker, S AU - Jordan, R L AU - Orlando, G S AU - Koren, H S AD - U.S. EPA, Clin. Res. Branch, Res. Build. C 224H, Univ. North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 469 EP - 483 VL - 26 IS - 4 SN - 0093-4108, 0093-4108 KW - ozone KW - proliferation KW - inhibition KW - in vitro KW - Immunology Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - interleukin 2 KW - lymphocytes KW - man KW - X 24151:Acute exposure KW - F 06773:Interferons UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15244890?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health&rft.atitle=In+vitro+ozone+exposure+inhibits+mitogen-induced+lymphocyte+proliferation+and+Il-2+production.&rft.au=Becker%2C+S%3BJordan%2C+R+L%3BOrlando%2C+G+S%3BKoren%2C+H+S&rft.aulast=Becker&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=469&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health&rft.issn=00934108&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - lymphocytes; interleukin 2; man ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Building public confidence in Superfund. AN - 15241371; 2001814 AB - Superfund's strategic management plan is the basic tool for setting priorities and developing work plans, products, and schedules. It is used for building the budget, evaluating the program, planning the workforce, and monitoring progress. It will be the tool for integration and coordination to meet the goals, produce a quality product, and build public confidence. JF - J. WATER POLLUT. CONTROL FED. AU - Longest, H AD - Off. Emerg. Rem. Resp., U.S. EPA, 401 M St., S.W., Washington, DC 20460, USA Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 298 EP - 303 VL - 61 IS - 3 SN - 0043-1303, 0043-1303 KW - Superfund KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - public concern KW - environmental protection KW - cleaning process KW - disposal sites KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15241371?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+WATER+POLLUT.+CONTROL+FED.&rft.atitle=Building+public+confidence+in+Superfund.&rft.au=Longest%2C+H&rft.aulast=Longest&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=298&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=J.+WATER+POLLUT.+CONTROL+FED.&rft.issn=00431303&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - public concern; cleaning process; disposal sites; environmental protection ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Results from a cooperative federal, state, and trade association waste minimization research program. AN - 15239403; 2001769 AB - The U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development supported a waste minimization research program in 1986-1988 for small and medium sized generators to develop and promote the use of innovative technologies and management practices to reduce the generation of hazardous wastes. This program was established in response to the needs of small quantity hazardous waste generators in the areas of waste management, regulatory compliance, and waste reduction. Waste reduction is seen as one key way to help small businesses improve waste management by reducing liability, product costs, disposal costs, and environmental, health, and safety concerns. At the time, the program consisted of two efforts with the State of Minnesota and the Governmental Refuse Collection and Disposal Association (GRCDA). JF - HAZARDOUS WASTE HAZARDOUS MATER. AU - Bridges, J S AU - McComas, CA AU - Foecke, T AU - Swain, L AD - U.S. EPA, Off. Res. and Dev., Risk Reduct. Eng. Lab., Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 17 EP - 32 VL - 6 IS - 1 KW - waste management KW - research programmes KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - EPA KW - hazardous wastes KW - economics KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15239403?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=HAZARDOUS+WASTE+HAZARDOUS+MATER.&rft.atitle=Results+from+a+cooperative+federal%2C+state%2C+and+trade+association+waste+minimization+research+program.&rft.au=Bridges%2C+J+S%3BMcComas%2C+CA%3BFoecke%2C+T%3BSwain%2C+L&rft.aulast=Bridges&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=17&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=HAZARDOUS+WASTE+HAZARDOUS+MATER.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - EPA; hazardous wastes; economics ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimating the quality of environmental data. AN - 15237876; 2002140 AB - This article provides a description of a practical process that generators of environmental data can use to assess and report the quality of the data they generate to the data users. This ability is a critical element of any operational quality assurance (QA) program. The description of the quality of the environmental data should provide accurate information that is easily understood by both users. The QA Program should be capable of detecting and quantifying any changes in data quality over time and the assessment and reporting process should accurately provide that information to users and generators of the data. Although many of today's QA programs include policies and procedures relating to the components of data collection activities, there is currently no practical guidance for estimating and reporting the quality of environmental data. JF - Pollution Engineering AU - Fairless, B J AU - Bates, DI AD - U.S. EPA, Reg. VII Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 108 EP - 111 VL - 21 IS - 3 SN - 0032-3640, 0032-3640 KW - environmental monitoring KW - quality control KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - data collection KW - federal regulations KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15237876?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pollution+Engineering&rft.atitle=Estimating+the+quality+of+environmental+data.&rft.au=Fairless%2C+B+J%3BBates%2C+DI&rft.aulast=Fairless&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=108&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pollution+Engineering&rft.issn=00323640&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - data collection; federal regulations ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A framework for analysis. AN - 15235351; 2001998 AB - The new proposed technical sludge, regulations were developed under the authority of sections 405(d) and (e) of the Clean Water Act (CWA). Once issued in final form, these regulations will appear as 40 CFR Part 503 and will establish an initial set of minimum Federal requirements for the final use and disposal of sewage sludge. Covered practices include application to land, distribution and marketing, sludge-only landfilling (monofilling), surface disposal (impoundments), and incineration. JF - Biocycle AU - Walker, J M AD - U.S. EPA, Off, Munic, Pollut. Control, Washington, DC, USA Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 71 EP - 79 VL - 30 IS - 4 SN - 0276-5055, 0276-5055 KW - EPA KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - landfills KW - surveys KW - sludge disposal KW - federal regulations KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15235351?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biocycle&rft.atitle=A+framework+for+analysis.&rft.au=Walker%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=71&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biocycle&rft.issn=02765055&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - federal regulations; sludge disposal; surveys; landfills ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Overview of proposed revisions to the Superfund hazard ranking system. AN - 15232578; 2000546 AB - The Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 required EPA to amend the HRS so it will more accurately assess relative risks and take into account certain specific elements of risk. This paper describes the proposed revisions and summarizes major technical findings that support the revisions. As a result of the HRS revisions, there may be some changes in the types of sites that score high enough to be placed on the NPL. A projection of those changes in discussed JF - JAPCA - J. AIR WASTE MANAGE. ASSOC. AU - Caldwell, S AU - Ortiz, A AD - U.S. EPA, 401 M St., SW, Washington, DC 20460, USA Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 801 EP - 807 VL - 39 IS - 6 KW - disposal sites KW - ranking system KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Superfund KW - EPA KW - risk assessment KW - H SE3.23:WASTE DISPOSAL KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15232578?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JAPCA+-+J.+AIR+WASTE+MANAGE.+ASSOC.&rft.atitle=Overview+of+proposed+revisions+to+the+Superfund+hazard+ranking+system.&rft.au=Caldwell%2C+S%3BOrtiz%2C+A&rft.aulast=Caldwell&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=801&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=JAPCA+-+J.+AIR+WASTE+MANAGE.+ASSOC.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - EPA; Superfund; risk assessment ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nonphotosynthetic pigmented bacteria in a potable water treatment and distribution system. AN - 15202977; 1972978 AB - The occurrence of pigmented bacteria in potable water, from raw source water through treatment to distribution water, including dead-end locations, was compared at sample sites in a large municipal water system. Media used to enumerate heterotrophic bacteria and differentiate pigmented colonies were standard method plate count (SPC), m-SPC, and R2A agars, incubated up to 7 days at 35 degree C. The predominant pigmented bacteria at most sample locations were yellow and orange, with a small incidence of pink organisms at the flowing distribution site. Seasonal variations were seen, with the yellow and orange organisms shifting in dominance. SPC agar was the least productive medium for both heterotroph counts and pigmented bacteria differentiation. At the flowing distribution site, percentages of pigmented bacteria on SPC medium ranged from 2.3 to 9.67 times less than on m-SPC and from 2.3 to 9.86 times less than on R2A. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Reasoner, D J AU - Blannon, J C AU - Geldreich, EE AU - Barnick, J AD - Drink. Water Res. Div., Risk Reduct. Eng. Lab., U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 912 EP - 921 VL - 55 IS - 4 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - bacteria KW - containing KW - isolation KW - water systems KW - enumeration KW - potable water KW - Pollution Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - pigments KW - drinking water KW - P 3000:SEWAGE & WASTEWATER TREATMENT KW - A 01108:Other water systems KW - D 04620:Microorganisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15202977?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Nonphotosynthetic+pigmented+bacteria+in+a+potable+water+treatment+and+distribution+system.&rft.au=Reasoner%2C+D+J%3BBlannon%2C+J+C%3BGeldreich%2C+EE%3BBarnick%2C+J&rft.aulast=Reasoner&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=912&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - pigments; drinking water; enumeration ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of fecal coliforms in water by using ( super(14)C)mannitol. AN - 15195953; 1972695 AB - Interest in rapid bacterial detection methods for sanitary indicator bacteria in water prompted a study of the use of (U- super(14)C)mannitol to detect fecal coliforms (FC). A simple method which used in m-FC broth, membrane filtration, and two-temperature incubation (35 degree C for 2 h followed by 44.5 degree C for 2.5 h) was developed. (U- super(14))mannitol was added to the medium, and the temperature was raised to 44.5 degree C after 2 h at 35 degree C. super(14)CO sub(2) was collected as Ba super(14)CO sub(3) and assayed by liquid scintillation spectroscopy. Correlations were examined between FC cell numbers at the start of incubation (standard 24-h FC test) and Ba super(14)CO sub(3) counts per minute after 4.5 h. Results indicated that FC numbers ranging from 1 x 10 super(1) to 2.1 x 10 super(5) cells could be detected in 4.5 h. Within-sample reproducibility at all cell concentrations was good, but sample-to-sample reproducibility was variable. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Reasoner, D J AU - Geldreich, EE AD - Microbiol. Treat. Branch, Drink. Water Res. Div., Risk Reduction Eng. Lab., U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 907 EP - 911 VL - 55 IS - 4 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - carbon 14 KW - carbon dioxide KW - carbon-14 KW - coliforms KW - detection KW - fecal coliforms KW - mannitol KW - measurement KW - measurements KW - media (culture) KW - metabolism KW - monitoring measurements KW - radioactive labelling KW - sewage KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Marine KW - water quality KW - Brackish KW - Freshwater KW - radioisotopes KW - pollution detection KW - P 3000:SEWAGE & WASTEWATER TREATMENT KW - D 04801:Pollution monitoring and detection KW - Q1 08201:General KW - Q2:09442 KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - Q5 08502:Methods and instruments KW - J 02705:Others KW - A 01108:Other water systems KW - D 04620:Microorganisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15195953?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Detection+of+fecal+coliforms+in+water+by+using+%28+super%2814%29C%29mannitol.&rft.au=Reasoner%2C+D+J%3BGeldreich%2C+EE&rft.aulast=Reasoner&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=907&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - water quality; carbon 14; radioactive labelling; radioisotopes; pollution detection; measurement; carbon dioxide; coliforms; Marine; Brackish; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimation of maximum surface concentrations from sources near complex terrain in neutral flow. AN - 15183811; 1956269 AB - A wind tunnel study was conducted to determine maximum ground-level concentrations for a variety of source positions (locations and heights) both upstream and downstream of two model hills, an axisymmetric hill (maximum slope 24 degree ) and a two-dimensional ridge (maximum slope 16 degree ), immersed in a simulated neutral atmospheric boundary layer. Terrain amplification factors derived from these measurements were used to construct contour plots showing regions or "windows" of enhanced ground-level concentration. These windows of enhanced ground-level concentration are shown to be a useful guide for estimating the effects of complex terrain on pollutant dispersion or, conversely, for determining source locations near complex terrain which minimize the enhancement of ground-level concentration. JF - Atmospheric Environment AU - Lawson, RE Jr AU - Snyder, W H AU - Thompson, R S AD - Atmos. Sci. Model. Div., Atmos. Res. and Expos. Assess. Lab., U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 321 EP - 331 VL - 23 IS - 2 SN - 1352-2310, 1352-2310 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - atmosphere KW - mathematical models KW - meteorology KW - boundary layers KW - air pollution KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15183811?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.atitle=Estimation+of+maximum+surface+concentrations+from+sources+near+complex+terrain+in+neutral+flow.&rft.au=Lawson%2C+RE+Jr%3BSnyder%2C+W+H%3BThompson%2C+R+S&rft.aulast=Lawson&rft.aufirst=RE&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=321&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.issn=13522310&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - atmosphere; air pollution; boundary layers; meteorology; mathematical models ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The electrical leak location method for geomembrane liners. AN - 15179809; 1954665 AB - An electrical method for locating leaks in geomembrane liners was developed and demonstrated for a wide variety of applications. Geomembrane liners are sheets of elastomeric material used to prevent the leakage of waste and to prevent rainwater from infiltrating solid waste landfills and surface impoundments. When no leaks are present, a voltage applied between the material in the liner and the earth under the liner produces a relatively uniform electrical potential distribution in the material in the liner. Leaks are located by mapping the anomaly in the potential distribution caused by current flowing through a leak. A computer simulation model of layered earth sequences above and below an insulating liner with a leak was developed to efficiently predict the effect of a wide range of parameters on the leak signature. JF - J. HAZARDOUS MATER. AU - Darilek, G T AU - Parra, JO AD - U.S. EPA, Hazardous Waste Eng. Res. Lab., Cincinnati, OH, USA Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 177 EP - 187 VL - 21 IS - 2 KW - electronics KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - membranes KW - landfills KW - computer applications KW - monitoring methods KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT KW - H SE3.25:COMPOSTING, RECYCLING, REUSE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15179809?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+HAZARDOUS+MATER.&rft.atitle=The+electrical+leak+location+method+for+geomembrane+liners.&rft.au=Darilek%2C+G+T%3BParra%2C+JO&rft.aulast=Darilek&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=177&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=J.+HAZARDOUS+MATER.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - monitoring methods; membranes; landfills; computer applications ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hazardous waste cleanup programs: A critical review. AN - 15179322; 1953953 AB - Challenging times - technically and financially - lay ahead for waste management and site cleanup. But with strong commitments to research, education, and prevention, the challenges can be met. JF - Chemical Engineering Progress AU - Porter, J W AD - U.S. EPA, Washington, DC 20460, USA Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 16 EP - 25 VL - 85 IS - 4 SN - 0360-7275, 0360-7275 KW - research and development KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - education KW - cleaning process KW - hazardous wastes KW - research programs KW - economics KW - H SE3.23:WASTE DISPOSAL KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15179322?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemical+Engineering+Progress&rft.atitle=Hazardous+waste+cleanup+programs%3A+A+critical+review.&rft.au=Porter%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Porter&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=16&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemical+Engineering+Progress&rft.issn=03607275&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - hazardous wastes; cleaning process; education; research programs; economics ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The influence of ambient temperature on tailpipe emissions from 1984-1987 model year light-duty gasoline motor vehicles. AN - 15179068; 1956720 AB - Motor vehicle emissions are sensitive to a number of variables including ambient temperature, driving schedule (speed vs time) and fuel composition. Hydrocarbon (HC), aldehyde, CO and oxides of nitrogen (NO sub(x)) emissions were examined with nine recent technology 4-cylinder gasoline motor vehicles at 21.1 degree C (70 degree F), 4.4 degree C (40 degree F), and -6.7 degree C (20 degree F). About 200 HC and 12 aldehyde compounds were included in the organic emissions characterization. Two fuels and two driving schedules were used. Typically, HC and CO emissions were significantly increased by reduced ambient temperature. NO sub(x) emissions also increased, but to a lesser extent. There were no predictable formaldehyde emissions trends with temperature. Paraffins and aromatic HC emission fractions were sensitive to fuel composition, but the olefinic emission fraction (dominated by ethylene and propylene) was not. With low temperature cold start tests, preceding driving with a 5 min engine idle resulted in reduced CO emission rates and elevated NO sub(x) emission rates. HC emission rates were not predictably sensitive to the preliminary idle. JF - Atmospheric Environment AU - Stump, F AU - Tejada, S AU - Ray, W AU - Dropkin, D AU - Black, F AU - Crews, W AU - Snow, R AU - Siudak, P AU - Davis, C O AD - Atmos. Sci. Res. Lab., U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 307 EP - 320 VL - 23 IS - 2 SN - 1352-2310, 1352-2310 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - carbon monoxide KW - automotive exhaust emissions KW - gasoline KW - motor vehicles KW - temperature KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15179068?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.atitle=The+influence+of+ambient+temperature+on+tailpipe+emissions+from+1984-1987+model+year+light-duty+gasoline+motor+vehicles.&rft.au=Stump%2C+F%3BTejada%2C+S%3BRay%2C+W%3BDropkin%2C+D%3BBlack%2C+F%3BCrews%2C+W%3BSnow%2C+R%3BSiudak%2C+P%3BDavis%2C+C+O&rft.aulast=Stump&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=307&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.issn=13522310&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - temperature; motor vehicles; carbon monoxide; gasoline; automotive exhaust emissions ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cancer mortality in U.S. counties with hazardous waste sites and ground water pollution. AN - 15178220; 1954925 AB - Since the late 1950s, more than 750 million tons of toxic chemical wastes have been discarded in an estimated 30,000 to 50,000 hazardous waste sites (HWSs). Uncontrolled discarding of chemical wastes creates the potential for risks to human health. Utilizing the National Priorities Listing (NPL) of hazardous waste sites developed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), this study identified 593 waste sites in 339 U.S. counties in 49 states with analytical evidence of contaminated ground drinking water providing a sole source water supply. JF - Archives of Environmental Health AU - Griffith, J AU - Duncan, R C AU - Riggan, W B AU - Pellom, A C AD - U.S. EPA, Health Eff. Res. Lab. (MD-55A), Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 69 EP - 74 VL - 44 IS - 2 SN - 0003-9896, 0003-9896 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - chemical wastes KW - groundwater pollution KW - mortality KW - hazardous wastes KW - risk assessment KW - cancer KW - disposal sites KW - H SM3.8.2:CHEMICALS (CORROSION) KW - H SM6.8.2:CHEMICALS (CORROSION) KW - H SM10.21:CANCER KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15178220?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+Environmental+Health&rft.atitle=Cancer+mortality+in+U.S.+counties+with+hazardous+waste+sites+and+ground+water+pollution.&rft.au=Griffith%2C+J%3BDuncan%2C+R+C%3BRiggan%2C+W+B%3BPellom%2C+A+C&rft.aulast=Griffith&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=69&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+Environmental+Health&rft.issn=00039896&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - groundwater pollution; hazardous wastes; disposal sites; cancer; risk assessment; mortality; chemical wastes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Turbulent flame reactor studies of chlorinated hydrocarbon destruction efficiency. AN - 15177497; 1954009 AB - Four mixtures of C sub(1) and C sub(2) chlorinated hydrocarbons, diluted in heptane, were burned in a Turbulent Flame Reactor (TFR) under high and low oxygen conditions. Emissions of undestroyed feed, stable organic by-products, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and oxygen were measured and compared with the results of other thermal decomposition and combustion research on similar compounds. The results show that the volatile compounds emitted in the TFR's exhaust could be predicted based on an understanding of both the combustion chemistry of the compounds in question and of the physical environment existing within the combustion device during operation. Soot formation complicates the characterization of volatile organic emissions. JF - Waste Management AU - Staley, L J AU - Richards, M K AU - Huffman, G L AU - Olexsey, R A AU - Dellinger, B AD - U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, OH, USA Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 109 EP - 114 VL - 9 IS - 2 SN - 0956-053X, 0956-053X KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - oxygen KW - turbulence KW - carbon dioxide KW - soot KW - waste management KW - reactors KW - carbon monoxide KW - incineration KW - volatile organic compounds KW - hydrocarbons KW - H SE3.23:WASTE DISPOSAL KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15177497?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Waste+Management&rft.atitle=Turbulent+flame+reactor+studies+of+chlorinated+hydrocarbon+destruction+efficiency.&rft.au=Staley%2C+L+J%3BRichards%2C+M+K%3BHuffman%2C+G+L%3BOlexsey%2C+R+A%3BDellinger%2C+B&rft.aulast=Staley&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=109&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Waste+Management&rft.issn=0956053X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Incineration. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - turbulence; hydrocarbons; volatile organic compounds; carbon monoxide; carbon dioxide; oxygen; soot; waste management; incineration; reactors ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of electron microscopy data in receptor models for PM-10. AN - 15176826; 1955553 AB - Coarse particles (2.5-10 mu m) were collected in dichotomous samplers and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. The resulting data for coal-fly ash and botanical matter were included with x-ray fluorescence and neutron activation data in a chemical mass balance receptor model for fine and coarse particles, and the mass concentration of particles with diameters < 10 mu m was apportioned into 10 components. Mineral concentrations deduced by electron microscopy were in good agreement with soil concentrations deduced from x-ray fluorescence data. A comparison of results for an incinerator component indicated possible biases in results. JF - Atmospheric Environment AU - Dzubay, T G AU - Mamane, Y AD - Atmos. Sci. Res. Lab., U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 467 EP - 476 VL - 23 IS - 2 SN - 1352-2310, 1352-2310 KW - pollutant dispersion KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - particle size KW - fly ash KW - incinerators KW - coal KW - microscopy KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15176826?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.atitle=Use+of+electron+microscopy+data+in+receptor+models+for+PM-10.&rft.au=Dzubay%2C+T+G%3BMamane%2C+Y&rft.aulast=Dzubay&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=467&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.issn=13522310&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - coal; fly ash; incinerators; microscopy; particle size ER - TY - JOUR T1 - EPA's role in reducing radon risk. AN - 15176332; 1953882 AB - The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) estimates that radon contributes to approximately 20,000 lung cancer deaths each year. Radon is one of the best-documented environmental risks to human health. Unlike most other human health and environmental risk estimates, radon risk estimates are based on animal data from multiple studies as well as human health data from more than 40,000 underground miners. A recent National Academy of Sciences review of these studies confirmed that radon presents a significant risk at levels found in many homes. EPA's approach has been supported by the Public Health Service, the Surgeon General, and other national and international organizations. JF - FORUM. AU - Guimond, R J AU - Malm, S AD - Off. Radiat. Programs, U.S. EPA Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 17 EP - 19 VL - 4 IS - 1 SN - 0015-8364, 0015-8364 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - radon KW - EPA KW - federal policies KW - risk assessment KW - public health KW - H SM3.9.1:RADIATION HAZARDS KW - P 8000:RADIATION KW - H SE3.9.1:RADIATION HAZARDS KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15176332?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FORUM.&rft.atitle=EPA%27s+role+in+reducing+radon+risk.&rft.au=Guimond%2C+R+J%3BMalm%2C+S&rft.aulast=Guimond&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=17&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FORUM.&rft.issn=00158364&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - EPA; radon; risk assessment; public health; federal policies ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Health effects of tropospheric ozone. AN - 15132815; 1919057 JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Tilton, B E AD - U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 257 EP - 263 VL - 23 IS - 3 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - physicochemical process KW - acid precipitation KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - ozone KW - visibility KW - public health KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15132815?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Health+effects+of+tropospheric+ozone.&rft.au=Tilton%2C+B+E&rft.aulast=Tilton&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=257&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - ozone; visibility; public health ER - TY - JOUR T1 - On the relationship between Co, POHC, and PIC emissions from a simulated hazardous waste incinerator. AN - 15131980; 1917850 AB - Measurements conducted on full-scale hazardous waste incinerators have occasionally shown a relationship between carbon monoxide (CO) emissions and emissions of toxic organic compounds. In this study, four mixtures of chlorinated C sub(1) and C sub(2) hydrocarbons were diluted in commercial-grade heptane and burned in a water-cooled turbulent flame reactor (TFR) under two different excess air levels. No correlation between CO and organic emissions could be discerned. Reasons for this lack of observable correlations are discussed in terms of combustion and chemical reaction kinetic theory. JF - JAPCA - J. AIR WASTE MANAGE. ASSOC. AU - Staley, L J AU - Richards, M K AU - Huffman, G L AU - Olexsey, R A AU - Dellinger, B AD - Risk Reduct. Eng. Lab., U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 321 EP - 327 VL - 39 IS - 3 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - turbulence KW - simulation KW - emissions KW - waste treatment KW - carbon monoxide KW - incinerators KW - organic compounds KW - hydrocarbons KW - hazardous wastes KW - H SE3.20:AIR POLLUTION/AIR QUALITY KW - H SE3.23:WASTE DISPOSAL KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15131980?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JAPCA+-+J.+AIR+WASTE+MANAGE.+ASSOC.&rft.atitle=On+the+relationship+between+Co%2C+POHC%2C+and+PIC+emissions+from+a+simulated+hazardous+waste+incinerator.&rft.au=Staley%2C+L+J%3BRichards%2C+M+K%3BHuffman%2C+G+L%3BOlexsey%2C+R+A%3BDellinger%2C+B&rft.aulast=Staley&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=321&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=JAPCA+-+J.+AIR+WASTE+MANAGE.+ASSOC.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - hazardous wastes; carbon monoxide; hydrocarbons; simulation; turbulence; organic compounds; incinerators; waste treatment; emissions ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Remedial action costing procedures manual. AN - 15130878; 1919860 AB - The full manual provides specific procedures for the cost estimating and economic analysis steps required for preparing engineering cost estimates for selecting remedial action alternatives in response to the requirements of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) and the National Contingency plan (40 CFR 300). The manual is designed to be used in conjunction with EPA's manual entitled Guidance on Feasibility Studies Under CERCLA. The audience for this manual includes EPA Regional Project Officers, remedial investigation/feasibility study contractors, and state and local remedial action personnel and other Federal agencies. Detailed procedures are provided for generating estimated capital and annual operating costs, calculating annual costs and present worth for each remedial action alternative, and performing sensitivity analyses of the cost estimates to determine the impact of changes to various cost input parameters. JF - J. HAZARDOUS MATER. AU - Burgher, B AU - Culpepper, M AU - Zieger, W AD - H.S. EPA Hazard. Waste Eng. Res. Lab., Cincinnati, OH, USA Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 89 EP - 91 VL - 21 IS - 1 KW - coat benefit analysis KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - feasibility studies KW - waste management KW - EPA KW - hazardous wastes KW - economics KW - disposal sites KW - H SE3.23:WASTE DISPOSAL KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15130878?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+HAZARDOUS+MATER.&rft.atitle=Remedial+action+costing+procedures+manual.&rft.au=Burgher%2C+B%3BCulpepper%2C+M%3BZieger%2C+W&rft.aulast=Burgher&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=89&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=J.+HAZARDOUS+MATER.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - hazardous wastes; waste management; economics; EPA; feasibility studies; disposal sites ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Site program update: Part II. The SITE demonstration of the American Combustion Pyretron oxygen-enhanced burner. AN - 15127135; 1919397 AB - A demonstration of the American Combustion Pyretron super(TM) oxygen-enhanced burner was conducted under the Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE) program. The Demonstration was conducted at the U.S. EPA's Combustion Research Facility (CRF) in Jefferson, Arkansas. An eight week test series was conducted which involved burning a mixture of listed waste KO87 with contaminated soil from the Stringfellow Acid Pits under both oxygen enhancement and air-only conditions. Performance under both modes of operations was compared. Results show that the Pyretron operating with oxygen enhancement could meet RCRA emissions limitations at a through-put rate double that for air-only operation. Scrubber liquor and kiln ash from these tests contained no detectable levels of contaminants from either waste stream. JF - JAPCA - J. AIR WASTE MANAGE. ASSOC. AU - Staley, L J AU - Mournighan, R E AD - Risk Reduct. Eng. Lab., U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 149 EP - 153 VL - 39 IS - 2 KW - SITE Program KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - scrubbers KW - waste management KW - oxygen KW - combustion KW - cleaning process KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15127135?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JAPCA+-+J.+AIR+WASTE+MANAGE.+ASSOC.&rft.atitle=Site+program+update%3A+Part+II.+The+SITE+demonstration+of+the+American+Combustion+Pyretron+oxygen-enhanced+burner.&rft.au=Staley%2C+L+J%3BMournighan%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Staley&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=149&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=JAPCA+-+J.+AIR+WASTE+MANAGE.+ASSOC.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - oxygen; scrubbers; combustion; cleaning process; waste management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Description of EPA SITE demonstration of the HAZCON stabilization process at the Douglassville, Pennsylvania Superfund site. AN - 15123606; 1918053 AB - One technology field tested under the SITE research program was the HAZCON stabilization/solidification process. This process treats the waste by mixing it with portland cement, water (if needed) and Chloranan, a proprietary chemical. By comparing the chemical and physical properties of the waste before and after treatment, this field demonstration developed data on the strength and leaching potential expected from a range of waste characteristics after stabilization. Six wastes at the Douglassville, Pennsylvania Superfund site, containing up to 25 percent organics and 2 percent lead, were treated and evaluated. The physical strength (200 to 1500 psi) and durability, i.e., long-term stability, of the stabilized samples were good. Even in wastes with high levels of organics (25 percent), stabilization of lead was very successful. Leaching results determined that lead concentrations dropped by factors between 100 and 1000 after treatment. JF - JAPCA - J. AIR WASTE MANAGE. ASSOC. AU - de Percin, PR AD - Superfund Technol. Demonst. Div., U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 282 EP - 287 VL - 39 IS - 3 KW - Pennsylvania KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Superfund KW - physicochemical properties KW - leaching KW - disposal sites KW - H SE3.23:WASTE DISPOSAL KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15123606?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JAPCA+-+J.+AIR+WASTE+MANAGE.+ASSOC.&rft.atitle=Description+of+EPA+SITE+demonstration+of+the+HAZCON+stabilization+process+at+the+Douglassville%2C+Pennsylvania+Superfund+site.&rft.au=de+Percin%2C+PR&rft.aulast=de+Percin&rft.aufirst=PR&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=282&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=JAPCA+-+J.+AIR+WASTE+MANAGE.+ASSOC.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Superfund; disposal sites; leaching; physicochemical properties ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Communicating risk under Title III of SARA: Strategies for explaining very small risks in a community context. AN - 15123568; 1918013 AB - Under Title III of SARA, companies must provide information about chemicals that they manufacture, store, or process. Communities will use data about potential accidental releases to develop local emergency plans. Data about routine chemical releases will be made available to the public on a computer data base. Simply having such data available does not ensure consensus about reducing potential chemical risks. Laboratory and field research are summarized, indicating that people tend to edit small risks to zero as being too small to worry about, or to adjust them imperfectly from an anchor equal to the potential loss. JF - JAPCA - J. AIR WASTE MANAGE. ASSOC. AU - Fisher, A AU - McClelland, G H AU - Schulze, W D AD - U.S. EPA, Off. Pol. Anal., Washington, D.C. 20460, USA Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 271 EP - 276 VL - 39 IS - 3 KW - SARA KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - waste management KW - data bases KW - risk assessment KW - cleaning process KW - disposal sites KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15123568?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JAPCA+-+J.+AIR+WASTE+MANAGE.+ASSOC.&rft.atitle=Communicating+risk+under+Title+III+of+SARA%3A+Strategies+for+explaining+very+small+risks+in+a+community+context.&rft.au=Fisher%2C+A%3BMcClelland%2C+G+H%3BSchulze%2C+W+D&rft.aulast=Fisher&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=271&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=JAPCA+-+J.+AIR+WASTE+MANAGE.+ASSOC.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - risk assessment; data bases; disposal sites; cleaning process; waste management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Drinking water standards and risk assessment AN - 13769876; 198902451 AB - Risk assessment attempted to quantify human exposure to a substance from all routes (including drinking water), made inferences from animal toxicology, and human epidemiology, and estimated drinking water concentrations at which exposure would have no known or anticipated adverse effects on health, with a margin of safety. The approach adopted by the U.S. EPA is described. JF - Journal of Institution of Water and Environmental Management AU - Cotruvo, JA AD - U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 6 EP - 12 VL - 3 IS - 1 KW - Animals (see also individual groups below) KW - U.s. environmental protection agency KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13769876?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Institution+of+Water+and+Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=Drinking+water+standards+and+risk+assessment&rft.au=Cotruvo%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Cotruvo&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=6&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Institution+of+Water+and+Environmental+Management&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Treatment of seasonal pesticides in surface waters AN - 13769280; 198902139 AB - Data were collected at 3 waterworks on 2 catchments. Sampling was continued into the autumn to determine the persistence of the agrochemicals. Most of the herbicides and pesticides passed unaffected through the conventional coagulation/sedimentation /filtration/chlorination chain, but softening reduced the level of carbofuran, and chlorine or chlorine dioxide reduced that of metribuzin. Activated carbon, powdered or granular, in shallow (18 inches) beds proved effective and economical. There are 38 references. JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - Miltner, R J AU - Baker, D B AU - Speth, T F AU - Fronk, CA AD - U.S. EPA, Cincinnati Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 43 EP - 52 VL - 81 IS - 1 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - Surface water (s/a lakes,ponds,reservoirs,streams) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00004:Water Treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13769280?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=Treatment+of+seasonal+pesticides+in+surface+waters&rft.au=Miltner%2C+R+J%3BBaker%2C+D+B%3BSpeth%2C+T+F%3BFronk%2C+CA&rft.aulast=Miltner&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=43&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A sequential analysis for volatile organics in water by purge-and-trap capillary column gas chromatography with photoionization and electrolytic conductivity detectors in series AN - 13768391; 198902486 AB - A simple method analysing 58 of the 60 volatile organic compounds (VOC) specified in U.S. EPA drinking water regulations was developed. With the exception of two pairs of coeluted compounds all target compounds were separated and analysed. Method accuracies were 92-109 per cent and detection limits were in the range 0.1-0.01 ug per litre except for a very few VOC. An automated system was set up for routine monitoring analysis. JF - Journal of Chromatographic Science AU - Ho, JSY AD - U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 91 EP - 98 VL - 27 IS - 2 SN - 0021-9665, 0021-9665 KW - Analysis KW - Columns KW - U.s. environmental protection agency KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13768391?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chromatographic+Science&rft.atitle=A+sequential+analysis+for+volatile+organics+in+water+by+purge-and-trap+capillary+column+gas+chromatography+with+photoionization+and+electrolytic+conductivity+detectors+in+series&rft.au=Ho%2C+JSY&rft.aulast=Ho&rft.aufirst=JSY&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=91&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chromatographic+Science&rft.issn=00219665&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification vulnerable surface water utilities AN - 13768331; 198902262 AB - The feasibility of constructing a water quality model for a river system known to be subject to wide variations of flow and to pollution from point and non-point sources was assessed, using a 150-mile stretch of the Mississippi from New Orleans upstream to Baton Rouge. The model divided the 150-mile stretch into 50 3-mile units; processes affecting the decay, transport and deposition of pollutants within each unit were calculated, taking into account average water temperature, average wind velocity, bacterial population density, total active sorbing biomass, pH, organic content of sediments, and settling rate of suspended sediments. The predicted values were generally lower than actual values. JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - Clark, R M AU - Grayman, WM AU - Males, R M AU - Kilgore, R AD - U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 60 EP - 67 VL - 81 IS - 2 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - Modelling (-general-) KW - Pollution (s/a contamination, individ grps below) KW - Surface water (s/a lakes,ponds,reservoirs,streams) KW - Wind KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13768331?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=Identification+vulnerable+surface+water+utilities&rft.au=Clark%2C+R+M%3BGrayman%2C+WM%3BMales%2C+R+M%3BKilgore%2C+R&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=60&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biological treatment of leachate from a Superfund site AN - 13767925; 198903853 AB - Leachate from the New Lyme Superfund land disposal site was treated in Mill Creek Sewage Works in a pilot-sized rotating biological contactor operated in batch mode. Biomass was developed on the contactor discs with primary effluent from the treatment facility. Treatment rates, removal of organics and other pollutants, and effluent quality were determined under a range of conditions. The organics were effectively reduced, with priority pollutants converted and/or stripped from the leachate during treatment. The effluent quality was equivalent to a secondary treated effluent from a sewage works. Volatile organics were stripped from the leachate by the contactor when operated in batch mode. Pollutant removal is tabulated. JF - Environmental Progress AU - Opatken, E J AU - Howard, H K AU - Bond, J J AD - U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 12 EP - 18 VL - 8 IS - 1 SN - 0278-4491, 0278-4491 KW - Effluent (treated) (see also sewage works effluent) KW - Pollution (s/a contamination, individ grps below) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00006:Sewage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13767925?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Progress&rft.atitle=Biological+treatment+of+leachate+from+a+Superfund+site&rft.au=Opatken%2C+E+J%3BHoward%2C+H+K%3BBond%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=Opatken&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=12&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Progress&rft.issn=02784491&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Municipal wastewater treatment technology transfer activities of the United States Environmental Protection Agency AN - 13767564; 198903972 AB - Three case histories concerning typical technology transfer projects are outlined. The composite correction programme approach to the identification and elimination of effluent quality compliance problems in sewage works is discussed, the introduction and field evaluation of alternative sewer systems is reviewed, and the application of ultraviolet irradiation to disinfecting treated sewage effluents in pilot scale and full-scale installations is described. Particular consideration is given to the problems revealed during in-plant testing and evaluation of new processes. JF - Water Science & Technology AU - Convery, J J AU - Kreissl, J F AU - Venosa, AD AU - Bender, J H AU - Lussier, D J AD - U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 685 EP - 698 VL - 21 IS - 6/7 SN - 0273-1223, 0273-1223 KW - U.s. environmental protection agency KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00005:Underground Services and Water Use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13767564?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Municipal+wastewater+treatment+technology+transfer+activities+of+the+United+States+Environmental+Protection+Agency&rft.au=Convery%2C+J+J%3BKreissl%2C+J+F%3BVenosa%2C+AD%3BBender%2C+J+H%3BLussier%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Convery&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=6%2F7&rft.spage=685&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=02731223&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification and quantification of p-chlorobenzenesulphonic acid in groundwater AN - 13766487; 198902701 AB - Details are given of procedures used to identify and quantify a major polar organic pollutant (p-chlorobenzenesulphonic acid) in groundwater near a hazardous waste disposal site in southern California. Infrared spectra of various extracts were used to identify the compound which was then quantified by reversed-phase ion-pair liquid chromatography. This compound was responsible for about 50 per cent of the organic carbon in the groundwater. JF - Analytica Chimica Acta AU - Kendall, D S AD - U.S. EPA, Denver, Colo. Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 165 EP - 169 VL - 219 IS - 1 SN - 0003-2670, 0003-2670 KW - Pollution (s/a contamination, individ grps below) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13766487?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Analytica+Chimica+Acta&rft.atitle=Identification+and+quantification+of+p-chlorobenzenesulphonic+acid+in+groundwater&rft.au=Kendall%2C+D+S&rft.aulast=Kendall&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=219&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=165&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Analytica+Chimica+Acta&rft.issn=00032670&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cost estimates for GAC treatment systems AN - 13766187; 198902138 AB - Investigations covered the costs of initial construction (site work, excavation, concrete, steel, pipework, valves, electrics, labour, process housing), carbon use, carbon reactivation by various processes, carbon replacement, and contact time, for treatment units of widely differing continuous and discontinuous throughputs. Steel contactors were more cost-effective for flows of less than 10 mgd, beyond which concrete had the advantage. Infrared reactivation was preferable for small systems, fluidized bed for large. Economies of scale became increasingly apparent when systems exceeded 30 mgd. JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - Adams, J Q AU - Clark, R M AD - U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 35 EP - 42 VL - 81 IS - 1 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00004:Water Treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13766187?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=Cost+estimates+for+GAC+treatment+systems&rft.au=Adams%2C+J+Q%3BClark%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=Adams&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=35&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Contamination of fish by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin: a survey of fish from major watersheds in the United States AN - 13766173; 198904148 AB - Both bottom-feeding and predator fish were collected from 60 statistically selected sites and 305 regionally selected sites, and were analysed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Fish from 19 per cent of statistically sampled sites and 31 per cent of regionally selected sites were contaminated at or above the detection limit, and 10 per cent of all samples contained more than 5 pg TCDD per g. A higher frequency of contamination was found in samples collected from sites near discharges of pulp and paper industry effluents. JF - Chemosphere AU - Kuehl, D W AU - Butterworth, B C AU - McBride, A AU - Kroner, S AU - Bahnick, D AD - U.S. EPA, Duluth, Minn. Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 1997 EP - 2014 VL - 18 IS - 9/10 SN - 0045-6535, 0045-6535 KW - Analysis KW - Fish (see also individual groups listed below) KW - Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13766173?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=Contamination+of+fish+by+2%2C3%2C7%2C8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin%3A+a+survey+of+fish+from+major+watersheds+in+the+United+States&rft.au=Kuehl%2C+D+W%3BButterworth%2C+B+C%3BMcBride%2C+A%3BKroner%2C+S%3BBahnick%2C+D&rft.aulast=Kuehl&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=9%2F10&rft.spage=1997&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere&rft.issn=00456535&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in selected estuarine sediments AN - 13765351; 198903945 AB - The concentrations of environmentally significant polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDF) were determined in sediment samples collected from various estuarine sites along the east coast of the U.S.A. Following soxhlet extraction with benzene/acetone mixture, liquid chromatography and fractionation, the isomers were identified and quantified using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Concentration levels of the most biosignificant isomers are summarized, particularly those of tetra- and pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans. A log scale representation of the data showed differences in the relative distributions of these isomers in both sediments and source materials. Principal component analysis based on normalized and log-transformed data displayed clusters suggesting relationships with different source materials. JF - Chemosphere AU - Norwood, C B AU - Hackett, M AU - Pruell, R J AU - Butterworth, B C AU - Williamson, K J AU - Naumann, S M AD - U.S. EPA, Narragansett, R.I. Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 553 EP - 560 VL - 18 IS - 1/6 SN - 0045-6535, 0045-6535 KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13765351?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=Polychlorinated+dibenzo-p-dioxins+and+dibenzofurans+in+selected+estuarine+sediments&rft.au=Norwood%2C+C+B%3BHackett%2C+M%3BPruell%2C+R+J%3BButterworth%2C+B+C%3BWilliamson%2C+K+J%3BNaumann%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Norwood&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1%2F6&rft.spage=553&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere&rft.issn=00456535&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Oocyte atresia and reproductive success in fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) exposed to acidified hardwater environments AN - 13764951; 198902960 AB - The effects on the ovarian histology of fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) of chronic exposure to 3 environmental levels of pH were examined. Ovarian histological changes and lowered reproductive success were observed in direct association with levels of environmental stress. The association was most marked near the end of the spawning season, when reproductive impairment was correlated with a ratio of the volume of atretic (resorbing) oocytes in the ovary to the total ovarian volume which was greater than 20 per cent in a population. This was the case with fish at pH 5 sampled in August, but not with fish at pH 6 or 8. JF - Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology AU - McCormick, J H AU - Stokes, G N AU - Hermanutz, RO AD - U.S. EPA, Duluth, Minn. Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 207 EP - 214 VL - 18 IS - 1/2 SN - 0090-4341, 0090-4341 KW - Fish (see also individual groups listed below) KW - Reduction KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00008:Effects of Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13764951?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Oocyte+atresia+and+reproductive+success+in+fathead+minnows+%28Pimephales+promelas%29+exposed+to+acidified+hardwater+environments&rft.au=McCormick%2C+J+H%3BStokes%2C+G+N%3BHermanutz%2C+RO&rft.aulast=McCormick&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1%2F2&rft.spage=207&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.issn=00904341&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of preloading on the scale-up of GAC microcolumns AN - 13764945; 198903085 AB - A constant pattern homogeneous surface diffusion model (CP) was used to design a pilot column for the adsorption of organics from aqueous solution by GAC. A dispersed flow pore surface diffusion model (DF) was used to predict column breakthrough profiles. Adsorption capacities were determined by the short bed adsorber technique using cis-1,2-dichloroethene (DCE). Results obtained using distilled deionized water, groundwater and groundwater on preloaded columns, were compared with predicted values to verify scale-up procedures. Preloading of GAC columns with natural organic material significantly reduced the adsorption capacity for DCE, in contrast with previously reported data. Preloading negated the predictive ability of carbon adsorption models which did not allow for possible capacity reduction. CP and DF models gave comparable predictions, although the latter included more kinetic terms. There are 33 references. JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - Speth, T F AU - Miltner, R J AD - U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 141 EP - 148 VL - 81 IS - 4 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - Columns KW - Modelling (-general-) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00004:Water Treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13764945?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=Effect+of+preloading+on+the+scale-up+of+GAC+microcolumns&rft.au=Speth%2C+T+F%3BMiltner%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Speth&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=141&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Controlling organics with GAC: a cost and performance analysis AN - 13764701; 198903084 AB - The degree of adsorption for individual chemicals was converted into carbon use rate per unit volume of water to be treated, and into carbon bed life, with reservations frankly expressed as to whether these factors would be valid for real-life waters. The probable size and materials of construction of the structure required to hold the carbon, the frequency of carbon replacement, and the viability of carbon regeneration on- or off-site by various methods were considered in developing cost estimates. The sensitivity of these factors to water throughput was evaluated, to suggest a probable sequence of technologies to water utilities of different sizes, at least cost. As rough guides, and using the assumptions made on amortization and construction and carbon costs, costs were estimated to be within 0.5-1.5 dollars per 1000 gallons for works with throughputs of 1-100 mgd. For poorly adsorbed organic compounds, treatment by packed tower aeration or a combination of this with carbon might be both more effective and more economic. JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - Adams, J Q AU - Clark, R M AU - Miltner, R J AD - U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 132 EP - 140 VL - 81 IS - 4 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00004:Water Treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13764701?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=Controlling+organics+with+GAC%3A+a+cost+and+performance+analysis&rft.au=Adams%2C+J+Q%3BClark%2C+R+M%3BMiltner%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Adams&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=132&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Groundwater modelling key to isolating contamination AN - 13764453; 198902804 AB - Camp Dresser and McKee Inc., had developed a groundwater modelling technique. It was used to simulate the movement of a contaminant plume from Hollingsworth Solderless Terminal Co., Fort Lauderdale. The primary contaminants were trichloroethene, vinylchloride and trans 1,2-dichloroethene with lesser amounts of nickel, tin and copper. The model was the 'Random-Walk' solute transport model. It predicted that the plume could move away from nearby Prospect Wells. The U.S. Geological Survey 3-dimensional groundwater flow model was used to predict the groundwater flow regime at the site under various steady-state pumping scenarios. A groundwater recovery and disposal system consisting of 2 extraction wells located within the target area for decontamination surrounded by a ring of recharge wells was recommended. JF - Water & Wastewater International AU - Taylor, MD AU - Leslie, M K AU - Johnson, R C AD - Camp Environmental Protection Agency Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 12 EP - 13,15,17 VL - 4 IS - 1 KW - Modelling (-general-) KW - U.s. geological survey KW - Trans -- (see also without prefix) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13764453?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+%26+Wastewater+International&rft.atitle=Groundwater+modelling+key+to+isolating+contamination&rft.au=Taylor%2C+MD%3BLeslie%2C+M+K%3BJohnson%2C+R+C&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=MD&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=12&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+%26+Wastewater+International&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hybridization of DNA probes with whole-community genome for detection of genes that encode microbial responses to pollutants: mer genes and Hg(II) resistance AN - 13763489; 198903786 AB - DNA probes were used to determine the abundance of sequences similar to four characterized mer genes in nucleic acid fractions obtained from microbial communities adapted to mercuric ions and unadapted controls. During adaptation in a freshwater community, a 29-fold enrichment in sequences similar to the mer genes of transposon Tn501 occurred. In an estuarine community there was only 3- to 5-fold enrichment of all four mer genes. This result suggested that additional mer genes encoded adaptation to mercuric ions. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Barkay, T AU - Liebert, C AU - Gillman, M AD - U.S. EPA, Gulf Breeze, Fla. Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 1574 EP - 1577 VL - 55 IS - 6 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Hybridized KW - Pollution (s/a contamination, individ grps below) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13763489?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Hybridization+of+DNA+probes+with+whole-community+genome+for+detection+of+genes+that+encode+microbial+responses+to+pollutants%3A+mer+genes+and+Hg%28II%29+resistance&rft.au=Barkay%2C+T%3BLiebert%2C+C%3BGillman%2C+M&rft.aulast=Barkay&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1574&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Screening-level model for aerobic biodegradability based on a survey of expert knowledge AN - 13763454; 198903790 AB - A method of classifying untested chemicals as to whether or not they were readily biodegradable in receiving waters was developed on the basis of a set of the collective judgments of 22 biodegradation experts on the approximate time for the aerobic ultimate degradation of 46 diverse chemicals. A linear equation was developed relating ultimate degradation time to molecular connectivity indexes, and the number of covalent chlorine atoms, both normalized to molecular weight. A series of correction factors was also built up to reflect other important structural influences such as the presence of hydrolysable groups. The model correctly classified 90 per cent of two sets of chemicals. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Boethling, R S AU - Sabljic, A AD - U.S. EPA, Washington, D.C. Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 672 EP - 679 VL - 23 IS - 6 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - Modelling (-general-) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13763454?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Screening-level+model+for+aerobic+biodegradability+based+on+a+survey+of+expert+knowledge&rft.au=Boethling%2C+R+S%3BSabljic%2C+A&rft.aulast=Boethling&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=672&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cancer mortality in U.S. counties with hazardous waste sites and ground water pollution AN - 13762003; 198903782 AB - An attempt was made to identify spatial patterns possibly suggesting a broader distribution of selected cancers associated with hazardous wastes disposal sites. Age-adjusted, site-specific cancer mortality rates for sites in counties where there was evidence of groundwater contamination of sole-source water supplies due to hazardous waste sites were determined. Significant associations between excess deaths and all counties with hazardous waste sites were established for cancers of the lung, bladder, stomach, large intestine, and rectum for white males and females, and for oesophagus cancer in white males. JF - Archives of Environmental Health AU - Griffith, J AU - Duncan, R C AU - Riggan, W B AU - Pellom, A C AD - U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, N.C. Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 69 EP - 74 VL - 44 IS - 2 SN - 0003-9896, 0003-9896 KW - Pollution (s/a contamination, individ grps below) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13762003?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+Environmental+Health&rft.atitle=Cancer+mortality+in+U.S.+counties+with+hazardous+waste+sites+and+ground+water+pollution&rft.au=Griffith%2C+J%3BDuncan%2C+R+C%3BRiggan%2C+W+B%3BPellom%2C+A+C&rft.aulast=Griffith&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=69&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+Environmental+Health&rft.issn=00039896&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mercury in the freshwater environment: a legacy of gold mining in Victoria AN - 13761176; 199003387 AB - Data collected from 55 stream sites around Victoria since 1984 suggested that the mercury levels were usually less than 0.1 mg per m3. Many such streams had elevated sediment mercury levels greater than 1.0 ug per g, although others were not contaminated. The problem would continue for many decades, with stabilization and containment of eroding tailings being required to remove them as long term sources of contamination. JF - Water AU - Tiller, D G AD - EPA, Victoria Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 20 EP - 22 VL - 16 IS - 5 KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13761176?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water&rft.atitle=Mercury+in+the+freshwater+environment%3A+a+legacy+of+gold+mining+in+Victoria&rft.au=Tiller%2C+D+G&rft.aulast=Tiller&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=20&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Case Study. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regional lake and reservoir canonical environments AN - 13760514; 199001494 AB - A database containing selected hydrological and water quality parameters for receiving water bodies was developed by the U.S. EPA for use in connection with mathematical models for the prediction of the transport and transformations of toxic substances in the environment. The Canonical Environments Data Base brought together data on each reach of the major rivers in the U.S.A. and on individual reservoirs and lakes in the main river basins. The data were summarized into descriptions of canonical eutrophic and oligotrophic lakes for each hydrologic region. The intention was that only those environmental descriptors having a direct bearing on the fate of chemicals in aquatic ecosystems would be used. JF - Journal of Environmental Science and Health AU - Hedden, K F AU - Skaggs, R L AU - English, J AD - U.S. EPA, Las Vegas, Nev. Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 265 EP - 277 VL - A24 IS - 3 KW - U.s. environmental protection agency KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13760514?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Science+and+Health&rft.atitle=Regional+lake+and+reservoir+canonical+environments&rft.au=Hedden%2C+K+F%3BSkaggs%2C+R+L%3BEnglish%2C+J&rft.aulast=Hedden&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=A24&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=265&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Science+and+Health&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Application. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Formation and control of non-trihalomethane disinfection by-products AN - 13756703; 199000472 AB - The formation of disinfection by-products in Ohio river water due to the chlorination process had been examined from the standpoint of the effect of the pH of the clarification process. Low, high and neutral pH conditions were selected, and nearly all halogenated organic concentrations could be maximized or minimized by pH control, although dichloroacetic acid did not conform to this rule. The most obvious implication for water treatment was the direct trade-off between the low pH control of trihalomethanes and the high pH control of most other by-products. JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - Stevens, A A AU - Moore, LA AU - Miltner, R J AD - U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 54 EP - 60 VL - 81 IS - 8 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00004:Water Treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13756703?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=Formation+and+control+of+non-trihalomethane+disinfection+by-products&rft.au=Stevens%2C+A+A%3BMoore%2C+LA%3BMiltner%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Stevens&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=54&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effects of atrazine on microcosms developed from four natural plankton communities AN - 13756040; 199001662 AB - Studies on the effect of atrazine, at concentrations over the range 0-5000 ug per litre, on plankton in microcosms developed from 4 different natural communities, showed that the weedkiller reduced net primary production, pH value, and net production/respiration ratios. This effect was observed at a concentration of 100 ug per litre in 3 cases and of 200 ug per litre in the fourth system. The ranges of sensitivity observed in these experiments were similar to those reported for other microcosms and experimental ponds, but were lower than those reported for bio-assays using single species of common test organisms. There are 31 references. JF - Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology AU - Stay, F S AU - Katko, A AU - Rohm, C M AU - Fix, MA AU - Larsen, D P AD - U.S. EPA, Duluth, Minn. Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 866 EP - 875 VL - 18 IS - 6 SN - 0090-4341, 0090-4341 KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00008:Effects of Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13756040?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.atitle=The+effects+of+atrazine+on+microcosms+developed+from+four+natural+plankton+communities&rft.au=Stay%2C+F+S%3BKatko%2C+A%3BRohm%2C+C+M%3BFix%2C+MA%3BLarsen%2C+D+P&rft.aulast=Stay&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=866&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.issn=00904341&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dissolved oxygen and methane in water by a GC headspace equilibration technique AN - 13755751; 199000851 AB - The technique involved generation of a helium headspace in a water-filled bottle followed by gas chromatographic (GC) headspace analysis. It was possible to apply this method to the analysis of nitrogen and volatile aliphatic hydrocarbons such as ethane, propane and butane. The displaced water was used for aromatic hydrocarbon analysis. Detection limits for oxygen and methane were, respectively, 0.1 and 0.002 mg per litre. The GC headspace equilibrium technique was authenticated for oxygen analysis by good correlation with Winkler titration results. Oxygen was greatly depleted in some field samples when they were stored for 30 days at 4C without hydrochloric acid preservation. JF - International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry AU - Kampbell, D H AU - Wilson, J T AU - Vandegrift, SA AD - U.S. EPA, Ada, Okla. Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 249 EP - 257 VL - 36 IS - 4 SN - 0306-7319, 0306-7319 KW - Ethane KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13755751?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Environmental+Analytical+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Dissolved+oxygen+and+methane+in+water+by+a+GC+headspace+equilibration+technique&rft.au=Kampbell%2C+D+H%3BWilson%2C+J+T%3BVandegrift%2C+SA&rft.aulast=Kampbell&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=249&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Environmental+Analytical+Chemistry&rft.issn=03067319&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - HRGC/HRMS analysis of hazardous waste incinerator scrubber water for PCDDs and PCDFs AN - 13755716; 199001009 AB - Tabulated results are presented form an inter-laboratory study to enable the U.S. EPA to develop realistic method detection limitations and practical quantification limits for the recommended method for the determination of polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans in scrubber water from hazardous-waste incinerators, using high-performance gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. The results indicated that the proposed delisting concentrations for these compounds did not need to be revised. JF - Chemosphere AU - Beckert, W F AU - Stanley, J S AU - Tondeur, Y T AU - Lopez-Avila, V AU - Bauer, K M AU - Mitchum, R K AU - Billets, S AD - U.S. EPA, Las Vegas, Nev. Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 83 EP - 88 VL - 19 IS - 1/6 SN - 0045-6535, 0045-6535 KW - U.s. environmental protection agency KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13755716?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=HRGC%2FHRMS+analysis+of+hazardous+waste+incinerator+scrubber+water+for+PCDDs+and+PCDFs&rft.au=Beckert%2C+W+F%3BStanley%2C+J+S%3BTondeur%2C+Y+T%3BLopez-Avila%2C+V%3BBauer%2C+K+M%3BMitchum%2C+R+K%3BBillets%2C+S&rft.aulast=Beckert&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1%2F6&rft.spage=83&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere&rft.issn=00456535&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Understanding corrosion control strategies for lead AN - 13754777; 199000485 AB - A literature review (29 references) of the fundamental chemistry of plumbosolvency is presented, together with reports of alternative methods that had been adopted (mainly in the U.K. and the U.S.A.), to reduce lead levels by water treatment, including the addition of inhibitors. Principal topics discussed include the effects of pH on lead solubility, carbonate adjustment and the addition of silicate, orthophosphate and polyphosphate. The extent to which the effectiveness of these procedures, when applied to lead plumbing systems, was reproduced when considering lead release from solders used in copper plumbing systems as well as the extent of lead contributed by brass fittings, such as valves and taps. Secondary effects of adjustments of water characteristics that could be undesirable are touched upon, especially in connection with decreased chlorination efficiency, trihalomethane formation, and possible increased algal growth in open reservoirs if orthophosphate was applied before storage. Optimal points of pH adjustment and inhibitor addition could require modification of the installed treatment sequence. Methods of prescribing an optimal lead control strategy in a specific utility, including essential factors to be investigated during a test programme, are considered, and alternative strategies that should work effectively and economically with various types of waters are suggested. JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - Schock, M R AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 88 EP - 100 VL - 81 IS - 7 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - Pb KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00005:Underground Services and Water Use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13754777?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=Understanding+corrosion+control+strategies+for+lead&rft.au=Schock%2C+M+R&rft.aulast=Schock&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=88&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - No net loss of the nation's wetlands: a goal and a challenge AN - 13754765; 199002418 AB - The National Wetlands Policy Forum's November 1988 report recommended that the U.S.A. should adopt the goals of no overall net loss of the remaining wetlands in the short term, and of restoring and creating wetlands in the long term. Implementation questions included the question of responsibility, definition of what constituted a loss or gain in wetlands area, the geographic scope of the netting process, the appropriate metrics for accounting purposes, the appropriate accounting institution and the nature of necessary accounting, monitoring and reporting systems. JF - Water Environment & Technology AU - Davis, D G AD - U.S.EPA, Washington, D.C. Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 512 EP - 514 VL - 1 IS - 4 SN - 1044-9493, 1044-9493 KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13754765?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Environment+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=No+net+loss+of+the+nation%27s+wetlands%3A+a+goal+and+a+challenge&rft.au=Davis%2C+D+G&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=512&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Environment+%26+Technology&rft.issn=10449493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Practices, EPA policies for wastewater-wetlands projects evolve AN - 13753874; 199002416 AB - In the U.S.A. there was a growing interest in the potential use of wetlands to help treat or polish partially treated municipal wastewater effluents. In October 1987, the U.S. EPA clarified that the use of natural wetland treatment systems was limited to providing further treatment of secondary effluent, and only if applicable water quality standards for the protection of the wetland were met. The U.S. EPA aimed to develop water quality criteria for wetlands. Recently, attention had been given to the construction of artificial wetlands. JF - Water Environment & Technology AU - Bastian, R AD - U.S.EPA, Washington, D.C. Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 483 EP - 483,485 VL - 1 IS - 4 SN - 1044-9493, 1044-9493 KW - Effluent (treated) (see also sewage works effluent) KW - U.s. environmental protection agency KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13753874?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Environment+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Practices%2C+EPA+policies+for+wastewater-wetlands+projects+evolve&rft.au=Bastian%2C+R&rft.aulast=Bastian&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=483&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Environment+%26+Technology&rft.issn=10449493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Case Study. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Thermal and water source effects upon the stability of enteroviruses in surface freshwaters AN - 13753796; 199000440 AB - Factors influencing the persistence of human enteroviruses in surface freshwaters were investigated by chemical, physical and bacteriological analysis of samples from an artificial lake, a groundwater outlet pond, a large- and a medium-sized river and a small creek. Experiments in which water samples, which contained no indigenous viruses, were inoculated with Coxsackiev Virus B3, echovirus 7 or poliovirus 1, and stored at 22, 1 or minus 20C, showed that incubation temperature had a significant effect on viral inactivation rates. Statistical tests demonstrated that inactivation also depended on viral serotype and water source, and that rates of viral inactivation were correlated positively with water hardness and conductivity and with bacterial growth (as represented by the average number of generations of Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella oxytoca and Pseudomonas fluorescens) supported by a given water sample in seeding experiments. Viral inactivation was correlated negatively with the turbidity and suspended solids concentration of water. JF - Canadian Journal of Microbiology AU - Hurst, C J AU - Benton, W H AU - Mcclellan, KAM AD - U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 474 EP - 480 VL - 35 IS - 4 KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13753796?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Thermal+and+water+source+effects+upon+the+stability+of+enteroviruses+in+surface+freshwaters&rft.au=Hurst%2C+C+J%3BBenton%2C+W+H%3BMcclellan%2C+KAM&rft.aulast=Hurst&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=474&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Journal+of+Microbiology&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Municipal wastewater sludge. The potential public health impacts of common pathogens AN - 13753479; 199000432 AB - Tabulated data are presented on the types and densities of human microbial pathogens found in primary and secondary sewage sludges, and on the illnesses caused to humans by bacteria, viruses, protozoa, helminths, and fungi which may be present in sewage and sludge. The importance of developing risk-assessment methodologies for each method of sludge re-use or disposal is stressed. A bibliography of 31 references is appended. JF - Journal of Environmental Health AU - Fradkin, L AU - Gerba, C P AU - Goyal, S M AU - Scarpino, P AU - Bruins, RJF AU - Stara, J F AD - U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 148 EP - 152 VL - 57 IS - 3 SN - 0022-0892, 0022-0892 KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13753479?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Health&rft.atitle=Municipal+wastewater+sludge.+The+potential+public+health+impacts+of+common+pathogens&rft.au=Fradkin%2C+L%3BGerba%2C+C+P%3BGoyal%2C+S+M%3BScarpino%2C+P%3BBruins%2C+RJF%3BStara%2C+J+F&rft.aulast=Fradkin&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=148&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Health&rft.issn=00220892&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - EPA's approach to evaluating and cleaning up ground water contamination at Superfund sites AN - 13753104; 199002224 AB - An overview of the response to groundwater contamination adopted by the U.S. EPA for Superfund sites is presented. Necessary procedures for these sites included planning the management of the site, determining data needs, determining the objectives of remedial action, developing alternative courses of action, and selecting and implementing remedial action. The process was described in detail in the EPA's 'Guidance on Remedial Actions for Contaminated Ground Water at Superfund Sites', 1988, which set out relevant procedures from initial site investigation to evaluation of implemented actions. The major objectives were protection of health and protection of the environment. JF - Ground Water Monitoring Review AU - Haley, J L AU - Lang, D J AU - Herrinton, L AD - U.S. EPA, Washington, D.C. Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 177 EP - 183 VL - 9 IS - 4 KW - Superfund KW - U.s. environmental protection agency KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13753104?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ground+Water+Monitoring+Review&rft.atitle=EPA%27s+approach+to+evaluating+and+cleaning+up+ground+water+contamination+at+Superfund+sites&rft.au=Haley%2C+J+L%3BLang%2C+D+J%3BHerrinton%2C+L&rft.aulast=Haley&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=177&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ground+Water+Monitoring+Review&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A laboratory study of the leaching of lead from water faucets AN - 13752706; 199000430 AB - Results of a 1-year study to determine the extent of lead leaching from domestic taps, and to suggest an optimal sample volume when lead from this source alone was to be determined, are presented. A series of 12 new taps, of various makes and materials, were fed by a plumbing system constructed to deliver as little lead as possible from itself. Determinations were conducted on lead levels yielded when the taps were supplied by a non-aggressive water (Cincinnati supply water, with a pH range of 8.1-8.4), and a highly aggressive water (distilled water, with a pH range of 5.5-5.8). A wide range of water detention times was used in the investigations (30 minutes-34 days). The highest levels were found in the cast brass taps on their first exposure to distilled water. With all the taps, fillings after the first produced lower levels than the first. The longer the detention period the higher the lead level, though the greatest rate of pickup appeared early in that time. A sample volume of 125 ml was used; 60-75 per cent of the extractable lead appeared in this volume, 95 per cent being found in a volume double this size. Assuming the lead yielded by the test taps to be typical, and using the proposed U.S. EPA sample volume for the lead determinations of 1 litre, the tap itself was not expected to raise the lead level above the 10 ug per litre level beyond which the Agency may have required corrective measures to be taken. Such a sample volume was however, considered too large if the contribution of the tap alone was sought; 100-125 ml was considered more appropriate. JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - Gardels, MC AU - Sorg, T J AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 101 EP - 113 VL - 81 IS - 7 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - Pb KW - U.s. environmental protection agency KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13752706?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=A+laboratory+study+of+the+leaching+of+lead+from+water+faucets&rft.au=Gardels%2C+MC%3BSorg%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=Gardels&rft.aufirst=MC&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=101&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - U.S. EPA shifts its priorities to pollution prevention AN - 13752000; 199000928 AB - The U.S. EPA had established a Pollution Prevention Office (PPO) to attempt to control pollution of water, air and soil by moving away from end-of-pipe treatment towards source reduction and recycling. Both ground and drinking water standards had been exceeded over the past decade, and drinking water wells had been contaminated with one or more of 60 different pesticides. A 3 year research plan for pollution prevention had been proposed that was part of the overall effort of the PPO and associated bodies. JF - UNEP Industry and Environment AU - Morse, ME AD - U.S. EPA, Washington, D.C. Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 30 EP - 34 VL - 12 IS - 1 KW - U.s. environmental protection agency KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13752000?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=UNEP+Industry+and+Environment&rft.atitle=U.S.+EPA+shifts+its+priorities+to+pollution+prevention&rft.au=Morse%2C+ME&rft.aulast=Morse&rft.aufirst=ME&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=30&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=UNEP+Industry+and+Environment&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Developing a data base on infrastructure needs AN - 13751877; 199000478 AB - Aspects of an extensive programme of investigations into the causes of pipeline failures within water distribution systems, calling heavily on data collected during intensive studies of the repair records of 2 U.S. water utilities (Cincinnati and New Haven, Conn.), are discussed. The objective of the research was to ascertain whether the relevant utility would be in a better position to plan its distribution maintenance, given that preventive measures might not only be economic but might be the means of ensuring that water quality, as provided by the treatment works, did not decline during its transit to the consumer. A wide range of factors was relevant to the creation of an information base; these included pipe material, diameter and age, the corrosivity of the soil and of the water carried, whether the pipes were installed by direct labour or contractor, the time to first repair and to subsequent repairs, the effects of pressure, repair costs, the loss of pipeline carrying through tuberculation, the cost of increased pumping to counter this, and the probable social costs of a mainsbreak in a sensitive area, especially if structural damage was liable to occur. The time to first repair was a significant parameter of pipeline reliability. The combined use of a proportional hazard model, incorporating the risk factors, and a cost model is proposed as providing technico-economic evidence for a forward-looking repair and replacement policy. JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - Clark, R M AU - Goodrich, JA AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 81 EP - 87 VL - 81 IS - 7 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - Hazard KW - Modelling (-general-) KW - Pipes (see also conduits, drains, pipelines,sewers) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00005:Underground Services and Water Use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13751877?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=Developing+a+data+base+on+infrastructure+needs&rft.au=Clark%2C+R+M%3BGoodrich%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=81&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Cost Study. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Defining regional populations of lakes for the assessment of surface water quality AN - 13751042; 199000848 AB - The limitations of using maps to determine the numbers and characteristics of lakes in regional surveys of water quality, because of the types and densities of features portrayed and the technologies available for map production are discussed. In a study of maps for northeast U.S.A., the smallest lake depicted varied greatly between different maps. Recommendations for improving the accuracy and usefulness of assessments of regional resources are listed. JF - Water Resources Bulletin AU - Johnson, C B AU - Sullivan, T J AU - Blick, D J AD - U.S. EPA, Corvallis, Ore. Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 565 EP - 572 VL - 25 IS - 3 SN - 0043-1370, 0043-1370 KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13751042?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Defining+regional+populations+of+lakes+for+the+assessment+of+surface+water+quality&rft.au=Johnson%2C+C+B%3BSullivan%2C+T+J%3BBlick%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=565&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Bulletin&rft.issn=00431370&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Classifying soils for acidic deposition aquatic effects: a scheme for the northeast U.S.A. AN - 13747040; S199133888 AB - In the context of the Direct/Delayed Response Project, a study of lakes and streams which might become acidic as a result of acidic deposition, data on soils were acquired for various regions of the U.S.A.. About 600 soils were studied in the north-eastern region during mapping of 145 catchment areas. Each of 38 sampling classes were sampled across several catchments and properties of soils on specific catchments estimated from the regional means and variances of sampling classes and the occurrence of the classes in each catchment. The development and definition of the classes and the characteristics of soils within the classes are described. JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Lee, J J AU - Lammers, DA AU - Stevens, D L AU - Thornton, K W AU - Wheeler, KA AD - U.S. EPA, Corvallis, Ore. Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 1153 EP - 1162 VL - 53 IS - 4 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13747040?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Classifying+soils+for+acidic+deposition+aquatic+effects%3A+a+scheme+for+the+northeast+U.S.A.&rft.au=Lee%2C+J+J%3BLammers%2C+DA%3BStevens%2C+D+L%3BThornton%2C+K+W%3BWheeler%2C+KA&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1153&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Survival, reproduction and bioconcentration in invertebrates and fish exposed to hexachlorobenzene AN - 13746131; S199133543 AB - Results are reported from flow-through bio-assays to evaluate the effects of hexachlorobenzene (HCB) on cladocerans (Daphnia magna), amphipods (Hyalella azteca and Gammarus lacustris), annelid worms (Lumbriculus variegatus), and fish (flathead minnow, Pimephales promelas). Water HCB concentrations up to saturation (5 ug per litre) and tissue concentrations up to 223 ug per g had no effects on survival, growth, or reproduction in any of the test species. There was rapid uptake and change in tissue concentrations with changes in HCB concentration in the water, and depuration was rapid when the animals were transferred to clean water. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Nebeker, A V AU - Griffis, W L AU - Wise, C M AU - Hopkins, E AU - Barbitta, JA AD - U.S. EPA, Corvallis, Ore. Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 601 EP - 611 VL - 8 IS - 7 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - Animals (see also individual groups below) KW - Animals (invertebrates) (see also individ groups) KW - Fish (see also individual groups listed below) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00008:Effects of Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13746131?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Survival%2C+reproduction+and+bioconcentration+in+invertebrates+and+fish+exposed+to+hexachlorobenzene&rft.au=Nebeker%2C+A+V%3BGriffis%2C+W+L%3BWise%2C+C+M%3BHopkins%2C+E%3BBarbitta%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Nebeker&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=601&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fate of fenthion in salt-marsh environments: II. Transport and biodegradation in microcosms AN - 13746012; S199133599 AB - The significance of microbial populations associated with undisturbed sediment surfaces, bioturbation, and the presence of plants, in determining the fate of the organophosphate insecticide fenthion in a microcosm system representing a salt-marsh environment was examined. The salt-marsh plant Juncus roemerianus (black needlerush) was present in some of the sediment cores used. The half-life of fenthion was shortest in a non-sterile microcosm with plants. The distribution of fenthion in microcosms was modelled. Its occurrence at depths greater than those predicted by diffusion and sorption was an indication of the possible role of bioturbation. Biodegradation appeared to take place in the upper sediment layers (1-7mm). JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - O'Neill, E J AU - Cripe, C R AU - Mueller, L H AU - Connolly, J P AU - Pritchard, PH AD - U.S. EPA, Gulf Breeze, Fla. Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 759 EP - 768 VL - 8 IS - 9 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - Modelling (-general-) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13746012?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Fate+of+fenthion+in+salt-marsh+environments%3A+II.+Transport+and+biodegradation+in+microcosms&rft.au=O%27Neill%2C+E+J%3BCripe%2C+C+R%3BMueller%2C+L+H%3BConnolly%2C+J+P%3BPritchard%2C+PH&rft.aulast=O%27Neill&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=759&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acute toxicity of sediment from Eagle harbor, Washington, to the infaunal amphipod Rhepoxynius abronius AN - 13745413; S199133314 AB - Eagle harbor, Wash., was a small inlet on an island in Puget Sound, and sediment in the harbour had a high content of a mixture of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) typical of creosote. The acute toxicity of the sediments to the marine amphipod, Rhepoxynius abronius, was evaluated. The sediment and interstitial water from one location were highly toxic, while sediments from other sites were less toxic. The concentrations of a number of PAH in interstitial waters and sediments from the harbour are tabulated. The relative acute toxicities to the amphipod of sediments from the harbour and from other coastal sites around U.S.A. are compared. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Swartz, R C AU - Kemp, P F AU - Schults, D W AU - Ditsworth, G R AU - Ozretich, RJ AD - U.S. EPA, Newport, Ore. Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 215 EP - 222 VL - 8 IS - 3 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00008:Effects of Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13745413?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Acute+toxicity+of+sediment+from+Eagle+harbor%2C+Washington%2C+to+the+infaunal+amphipod+Rhepoxynius+abronius&rft.au=Swartz%2C+R+C%3BKemp%2C+P+F%3BSchults%2C+D+W%3BDitsworth%2C+G+R%3BOzretich%2C+RJ&rft.aulast=Swartz&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=215&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fate of fenthion in salt-marsh environments: I. Factors affecting biotic and abiotic degradation rates in water and sediment AN - 13744052; S199133598 AB - Rates of abiotic and biotic degradation of fenthion, an organophosphate insecticide often used to control mosquitoes in salt-marsh environments, were evaluated in shake-flask tests. Environmental parameters affecting these rates were also studied. A rapid expotential disappearance of fenthion occurred in sediment derived from salt marshes on the north-west Florida gulf coast, probably due to biodegradation. No biotic degradation took place at low oxygen concentrations. Higher incubation temperatures decreased the biodegradation rate, while light produced a small increase in degradation rates. Different degradation rates occurred with sediments from different locations, and the inclusion of marsh plants increased the fenthion disappearance rate. There are 41 references. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Cripe, C R AU - O'Neill, E J AU - Woods, ME AU - Gilliam, W T AU - Pritchard, PH AD - U.S. EPA, Gulf Breeze, Fla. Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 747 EP - 758 VL - 8 IS - 9 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - Aquatic macrophytes (see also individual groups b) KW - Reduction KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13744052?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Fate+of+fenthion+in+salt-marsh+environments%3A+I.+Factors+affecting+biotic+and+abiotic+degradation+rates+in+water+and+sediment&rft.au=Cripe%2C+C+R%3BO%27Neill%2C+E+J%3BWoods%2C+ME%3BGilliam%2C+W+T%3BPritchard%2C+PH&rft.aulast=Cripe&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=747&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Watershed surveys to support an assessment of the regional effects of acidic deposition on surface water chemistry AN - 13743449; S199133619 AB - Regional watershed surveys were conducted in the Northeast Region, the Southern Blue Ridge Province and the Mid-Appalachian Region of the U.S.A. to provide data for the Environmental Protection Agency's Direct/Delayed Response Project (DDRP) which was to assess the risk posed by acidic deposition to surface waters in these regions. Maps of soils, vegetation, land use, depth to bedrock and bedrock geology were made for each watershed, and soils were classified according to their hypothetical response to acidic deposition. The soil classes were then sampled to develop regional means and variances of soil properties for application to individual watersheds. After validation, the DDRP database would be made publicly available. JF - Environmental Management AU - Lee, J AU - Church, R AU - Lammers, D AU - Liegel, L AU - Johnson, M AU - Coffey, D AU - Holdren, R AU - Stevens, D AU - Turner, R AU - Blume, L AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, Ore. Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 95 EP - 108 VL - 13 IS - 1 SN - 0364-152X, 0364-152X KW - Hazard KW - Surface water (s/a lakes,ponds,reservoirs,streams) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13743449?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=Watershed+surveys+to+support+an+assessment+of+the+regional+effects+of+acidic+deposition+on+surface+water+chemistry&rft.au=Lee%2C+J%3BChurch%2C+R%3BLammers%2C+D%3BLiegel%2C+L%3BJohnson%2C+M%3BCoffey%2C+D%3BHoldren%2C+R%3BStevens%2C+D%3BTurner%2C+R%3BBlume%2C+L&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=95&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Management&rft.issn=0364152X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The demonstration of remedial action technologies for contaminated land and groundwater AN - 13741845; S199136839 AB - Summaries of national reports on the progress of experimental, pilot-scale and proven commercial technology endeavours to decontaminate soils and groundwaters which had been polluted with manufacturing wastes, presented at the 2nd Conference of the joint North Atlantic Treaty Organization/Committee for Challenges to Modern Society Pilot Study on Demonstration of Remedial Action Technologies for Contaminated Land and Groundwater, held in the Netherlands in 1988, are presented. The study, commissioned in 1986 and due for completion in 1991, encompassed an evaluation of technologies at 3 stages of development - proven, field assessment and laboratory. Reports were presented by 7 countries. Details are given of the investigation sites in each, the type of contaminant whose removal or destruction was sought and the means adopted to achieve it. An indication of the degree of success obtained and of areas in which process improvements remained necessary, is given. Names of national contacts from whom further information on the trials could be obtained are given. JF - Journal of Air & Waste Management Association AU - James, S C AU - Sanning, DE AD - U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 1178 EP - 1184 VL - 39 IS - 9 KW - Pollution (s/a contamination, individ grps below) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13741845?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.atitle=The+demonstration+of+remedial+action+technologies+for+contaminated+land+and+groundwater&rft.au=James%2C+S+C%3BSanning%2C+DE&rft.aulast=James&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1178&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reducing chemical waste: good for business and good for the environment AN - 13741681; S199133720 AB - America must concentrate on pollution prevention rather than end-of-the-pipe control to reduce the 600 billion lb of chemical waste per year. The U.S. EPA was taking an aggressive role in this respect, and for a plating operation, this had meant installing a new water recovery and treatment system that recirculated the process water. Substantial savings in water, sewer and metal recovery costs were being obtained. JF - Leather Manufacturer AU - Deland, M R AD - U.S. EPA Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 14 EP - 14,17 KW - Pollution (s/a contamination, individ grps below) KW - Reduction KW - U.s. environmental protection agency KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00007:Industrial Effluents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13741681?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Leather+Manufacturer&rft.atitle=Reducing+chemical+waste%3A+good+for+business+and+good+for+the+environment&rft.au=Deland%2C+M+R&rft.aulast=Deland&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=14&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Leather+Manufacturer&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Intralaboratory precision of saltwater short-term chronic toxicity tests AN - 13740451; S199134526 AB - Short-term chronic toxicity tests using the red algae Champia parvula, sea urchin (Arbacia punctulata), mysis (Mysidopsis bahia), sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus), and inland silverside (Menidia beryllina) were developed. Copper sulphate and sodium dodecyl sulphate were used as representative toxicants. LC50, IC50 and coefficients of variation were calculated. The intralaboratory precision of the tests are evaluated. The coefficients of variation ranged from 1.8 (growth of C. variegatus with copper) to 46.4 per cent (fertilization of A. punctulata with copper). The precision obtained was comparable to other toxicity tests. The acceptability of the precision of such tests was uncertain. JF - Journal of Water Pollution Control Federation AU - Morrison, G AU - Torello, E AU - Comeleo, R AU - Walsh, R AU - Kuhn, A AU - Burgess, R AU - Tagliabue, M AU - Greene, W AD - U.S. EPA Environmental Research Laboratory, Narragansett, R.I. Y1 - 1989 PY - 1989 DA - 1989 SP - 1707 EP - 1710 VL - 61 IS - 11/12 KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13740451?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Water+Pollution+Control+Federation&rft.atitle=Intralaboratory+precision+of+saltwater+short-term+chronic+toxicity+tests&rft.au=Morrison%2C+G%3BTorello%2C+E%3BComeleo%2C+R%3BWalsh%2C+R%3BKuhn%2C+A%3BBurgess%2C+R%3BTagliabue%2C+M%3BGreene%2C+W&rft.aulast=Morrison&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=11%2F12&rft.spage=1707&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Water+Pollution+Control+Federation&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Temperature regulation in laboratory mammals following acute toxic insult. AN - 78611237; 3062847 AB - The purpose of this paper is to provide a concise review of the effects of acute chemical toxicity on thermoregulation in mammals, with particular emphasis on the effects of xenobiotic compounds in laboratory rodents. It has been shown that acute administration of compounds such as nickel, cadmium, lead, and some pesticides causes a reduction in the body temperature of mice when tested at normal room temperatures. When provided with the option of selecting their preferred ambient temperature, the toxic-treated animals generally select cool temperatures which augment the hypothermic effect of the toxic compounds. It would appear that many of the xenobiotic compounds have central as well as peripheral effects on the control of body temperature. That is, the hypothermic animals select cool temperatures, a condition indicative of a centrally mediated decrease in the set-point. This decrease in set-point, or regulated hypothermia, may be beneficial to survival since the lethality of most xenobiotic compounds increases with rising body temperature. The observation that acute doses of various compounds leads to behaviorally and autonomically mediated changes in body temperature may have significant implications for the measurement of other biological effects of these chemical agents (e.g., CNS dysfunction, bradycardia, immunosuppression). JF - Toxicology AU - Gordon, C J AU - Mohler, F S AU - Watkinson, W P AU - Rezvani, A H AD - Neurotoxicology Division and Inhalation Toxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1988/12/30/ PY - 1988 DA - 1988 Dec 30 SP - 161 EP - 178 VL - 53 IS - 2-3 SN - 0300-483X, 0300-483X KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Guinea Pigs KW - Rabbits KW - Mice KW - Cricetinae KW - Body Temperature Regulation -- drug effects KW - Poisoning -- physiopathology KW - Animals, Laboratory UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78611237?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology&rft.atitle=Temperature+regulation+in+laboratory+mammals+following+acute+toxic+insult.&rft.au=Gordon%2C+C+J%3BMohler%2C+F+S%3BWatkinson%2C+W+P%3BRezvani%2C+A+H&rft.aulast=Gordon&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1988-12-30&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=161&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology&rft.issn=0300483X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-02-17 N1 - Date created - 1989-02-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry study of mixed haloacetic acids expected to be found in chlorinated drinking water. AN - 78727774; 3240376 JF - Biomedical & environmental mass spectrometry AU - Ireland, J C AU - Moore, L A AU - Pourmoghaddas, H AU - Stevens, A A AD - Drinking Water Research Division, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268. Y1 - 1988/12// PY - 1988 DA - December 1988 SP - 483 EP - 486 VL - 17 IS - 6 SN - 0887-6134, 0887-6134 KW - Acetates KW - 0 KW - Chlorine KW - 4R7X1O2820 KW - chloroacetic acid KW - 5GD84Y125G KW - bromoacetate KW - 68-10-0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry KW - Disinfection KW - Acetates -- analysis KW - Water Supply -- analysis KW - Sterilization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78727774?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biomedical+%26+environmental+mass+spectrometry&rft.atitle=Gas+chromatography%2Fmass+spectrometry+study+of+mixed+haloacetic+acids+expected+to+be+found+in+chlorinated+drinking+water.&rft.au=Ireland%2C+J+C%3BMoore%2C+L+A%3BPourmoghaddas%2C+H%3BStevens%2C+A+A&rft.aulast=Ireland&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1988-12-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=483&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biomedical+%26+environmental+mass+spectrometry&rft.issn=08876134&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-05-19 N1 - Date created - 1989-05-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Synaptonemal complex damage as a measure of genotoxicity at meiosis. AN - 78677677; 3228716 AB - Synaptonemal complex aberrations can provide a sensitive measure of chemical-specific alterations to meiotic chromosomes. Mitomycin C, cyclophosphamide, amsacrine, ellipticine, colchicine, vinblastine sulfate, and cis-platin exposures in mice have been shown to cause various patterns of synaptonemal complex structural damage and synaptic irregularity. These effects are suggestive of abnormal homologue pairing/synapsis/recombination effects which, theoretically, could be implicated in mechanisms leading to aneuploidy and other potentially heritable chromosomal disorders. JF - Cell biology and toxicology AU - Allen, J W AU - Poorman, P A AU - Backer, L C AU - Gibson, J B AU - Westbrook-Collins, B AU - Moses, M J AD - Genetic Toxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1988/12// PY - 1988 DA - December 1988 SP - 487 EP - 494 VL - 4 IS - 4 SN - 0742-2091, 0742-2091 KW - Alkaloids KW - 0 KW - Mitomycins KW - Cyclophosphamide KW - 8N3DW7272P KW - Cisplatin KW - Q20Q21Q62J KW - Index Medicus KW - Mitomycins -- toxicity KW - Animals KW - Mutagenicity Tests KW - Cisplatin -- toxicity KW - Alkaloids -- toxicity KW - Mice KW - Cyclophosphamide -- toxicity KW - Male KW - Synaptonemal Complex -- drug effects KW - Meiosis -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78677677?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cell+biology+and+toxicology&rft.atitle=Synaptonemal+complex+damage+as+a+measure+of+genotoxicity+at+meiosis.&rft.au=Allen%2C+J+W%3BPoorman%2C+P+A%3BBacker%2C+L+C%3BGibson%2C+J+B%3BWestbrook-Collins%2C+B%3BMoses%2C+M+J&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1988-12-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=487&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cell+biology+and+toxicology&rft.issn=07422091&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-04-17 N1 - Date created - 1989-04-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A monochromosomal hybrid cell assay for evaluating the genotoxicity of environmental chemicals. AN - 78675933; 3228717 AB - The development and utilization of a monochromosomal hybrid cell assay for detecting aneuploidy and chromosomal aberrations are described. The monochromosomal hybrid cell lines were produced by a two-step process involving transfer of a marker bacterial gene to a human chromosome and then by integration of that human chromosome into a mouse complement of chromosomes through microcell fusion. For chemically induced aneuploidy, the segregation of a single human chromosome among mouse chromosomes is used as a cytogenetic marker. The genetic assay for aneuploidy is based on the ability of the cells to grow in a medium that selects for the loss of the human chromosome. The assay for clastogenicity is based on survival of the cells after treatment with the chemicals in medium that selects for retention of the human chromosome but loss of its segment containing diphtheria toxin locus. The assays greatly simplify the detection of chromosomal aberrations induced by environmental factors at low-dose levels. JF - Cell biology and toxicology AU - Sandhu, S S AU - Gudi, R D AU - Athwal, R S AD - Genetic Toxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1988/12// PY - 1988 DA - December 1988 SP - 495 EP - 506 VL - 4 IS - 4 SN - 0742-2091, 0742-2091 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Mutagenicity Tests KW - Aneuploidy KW - Cell Survival -- drug effects KW - Humans KW - Hybrid Cells KW - Mice KW - Cell Line KW - Chromosome Aberrations -- drug effects KW - Environmental Pollutants -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78675933?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cell+biology+and+toxicology&rft.atitle=A+monochromosomal+hybrid+cell+assay+for+evaluating+the+genotoxicity+of+environmental+chemicals.&rft.au=Sandhu%2C+S+S%3BGudi%2C+R+D%3BAthwal%2C+R+S&rft.aulast=Sandhu&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1988-12-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=495&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cell+biology+and+toxicology&rft.issn=07422091&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-04-17 N1 - Date created - 1989-04-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chloroform mediated refractory state against ornithine decarboxylase induction by serial chloroform treatment. AN - 78660229; 3222528 AB - The chloroform mediated refractory state against ornithine decarboxylase induction in male and female rat liver was further studied. One aspect of the investigation was to determine the duration of the induced refractory period while the other component focused on the extent to which the inhibitory effect was dependent upon the concentration of the first dose. When the dosing interval between the first and second dose was varied from 1 to 31 days, the magnitude of the resistance to further stimulation by chloroform only decreased gradually. In studies where the concentration of the first dose was varied while the dosing interval was fixed, it was concluded that the extent of the inhibitory effect was dependent upon the concentration of the first dose. JF - Research communications in chemical pathology and pharmacology AU - Savage, R E AU - Guion, C AU - DeAngelo, A B AU - Pereira, M A AD - Health Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio. Y1 - 1988/12// PY - 1988 DA - December 1988 SP - 507 EP - 510 VL - 62 IS - 3 SN - 0034-5164, 0034-5164 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Chloroform KW - 7V31YC746X KW - Ornithine Decarboxylase KW - EC 4.1.1.17 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Liver -- enzymology KW - Enzyme Induction -- drug effects KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Time Factors KW - Male KW - Female KW - Chloroform -- administration & dosage KW - Chloroform -- toxicity KW - Ornithine Decarboxylase -- biosynthesis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78660229?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Research+communications+in+chemical+pathology+and+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Chloroform+mediated+refractory+state+against+ornithine+decarboxylase+induction+by+serial+chloroform+treatment.&rft.au=Savage%2C+R+E%3BGuion%2C+C%3BDeAngelo%2C+A+B%3BPereira%2C+M+A&rft.aulast=Savage&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1988-12-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=507&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Research+communications+in+chemical+pathology+and+pharmacology&rft.issn=00345164&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-03-17 N1 - Date created - 1989-03-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Extrapolation of animal toxicity data to man. AN - 78659486; 3222480 AB - Laboratory animals are used as models for humans in toxicity studies. This use is based on the assumption that extrapolation of biological data from animals to humans is valid. Three methods of extrapolation are considered: the use of body mass equivalence, caloric scaling across species, and the use of the surface area equivalence. Allometry, defined as the study of size and its consequences, is considered. There is still controversy whether there is an allometric relationship for energy metabolism. Allometry offers, among others, the concept that not all of the mass of the animal is equally involved in metabolism. In recent years the principles of pharmacokinetics have been applied to interspecies scaling; pharmacokinetic short-term studies can be used to determine whether allometric scaling is justified. Considerations, however, should be given to (pharmacokinetic) differences in the same species and to species variability. It would be useful to develop a set of criteria for deciding when the pharmacokinetic model is needed and when simpler models will suffice. JF - Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP AU - Vocci, F AU - Farber, T AD - Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pesticides Program, Washington, DC 20460. Y1 - 1988/12// PY - 1988 DA - December 1988 SP - 389 EP - 398 VL - 8 IS - 4 SN - 0273-2300, 0273-2300 KW - Index Medicus KW - Body Weight KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Disease Models, Animal KW - Administration, Inhalation KW - Species Specificity KW - Pharmacokinetics KW - Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78659486?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Regulatory+toxicology+and+pharmacology+%3A+RTP&rft.atitle=Extrapolation+of+animal+toxicity+data+to+man.&rft.au=Vocci%2C+F%3BFarber%2C+T&rft.aulast=Vocci&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1988-12-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=389&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Regulatory+toxicology+and+pharmacology+%3A+RTP&rft.issn=02732300&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-03-17 N1 - Date created - 1989-03-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A comparison of recovery of virus from wastewaters by beef extract-Celite, ferric chloride, and filter concentration procedures. AN - 78658999; 3220927 AB - An improved concentration method using sample volumes as large as 1500 ml has been developed to monitor for viruses in wastewaters. Non-precipitating dry beef extract powder is added to wastewater samples to give a 3% concentration and mixed until dissolved. This is followed by the addition of Celite as a virus adsorbent. By manipulating pH, viruses are eluted from the Celite in small volumes of phosphate buffer. This procedure was further tested without the aid of the Celite additives using a precipitating beef extract powder and substituting FeCl3 as an alternate reagent for the Celite. Comparison testing was also made with the currently recommended cartridge and disc filter procedures. In all cases, the non-precipitating beef extract-Celite method gave higher recovery rates in highly polluted waters. JF - Journal of virological methods AU - Dahling, D R AU - Wright, B A AD - Virology Section, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268. Y1 - 1988/12// PY - 1988 DA - December 1988 SP - 337 EP - 346 VL - 22 IS - 2-3 SN - 0166-0934, 0166-0934 KW - Chlorides KW - 0 KW - Ferric Compounds KW - Sewage KW - Diatomaceous Earth KW - 61790-53-2 KW - ferric chloride KW - U38V3ZVV3V KW - Index Medicus KW - Evaluation Studies as Topic KW - Animals KW - Filtration KW - Cattle KW - Meat Products KW - Adsorption KW - Viruses -- isolation & purification KW - Waste Disposal, Fluid KW - Water Microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78658999?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+virological+methods&rft.atitle=A+comparison+of+recovery+of+virus+from+wastewaters+by+beef+extract-Celite%2C+ferric+chloride%2C+and+filter+concentration+procedures.&rft.au=Dahling%2C+D+R%3BWright%2C+B+A&rft.aulast=Dahling&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1988-12-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=337&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+virological+methods&rft.issn=01660934&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-03-23 N1 - Date created - 1989-03-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reference dose (RfD): description and use in health risk assessments. AN - 78658279; 3222488 AB - For many years the concept of the "acceptable daily intake" has served the toxicological and regulatory fields quite well. However, as approaches to assessing the health significance of exposures to noncarcinogenic substances receive greater scrutiny, some difficulties with this traditional approach have become more apparent. Consequently, the concept of the "reference dose" is introduced in order to avoid use of prejudicial terms (e.g., "safety" and "acceptable"), to promote greater consistency in the assessment of noncarcinogenic chemicals, and to maintain the functional separation between risk assessment and risk management. JF - Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP AU - Barnes, D G AU - Dourson, M AD - Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances, United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), Washington, DC 20460. Y1 - 1988/12// PY - 1988 DA - December 1988 SP - 471 EP - 486 VL - 8 IS - 4 SN - 0273-2300, 0273-2300 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Environmental Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Reference Standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78658279?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Regulatory+toxicology+and+pharmacology+%3A+RTP&rft.atitle=Reference+dose+%28RfD%29%3A+description+and+use+in+health+risk+assessments.&rft.au=Barnes%2C+D+G%3BDourson%2C+M&rft.aulast=Barnes&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1988-12-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=471&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Regulatory+toxicology+and+pharmacology+%3A+RTP&rft.issn=02732300&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-03-17 N1 - Date created - 1989-03-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Research needs and advances in inhalation dosimetry identified through the use of mathematical dosimetry models of ozone. AN - 78642816; 3217941 AB - Knowledge of the quantitative relationship between exposure concentration and delivered dose (i.e., dosimetry) is a fundamental starting point in the evaluation of the toxicity of chemicals, not only for intra- and interspecies comparisons but also for designing experiments that elucidate mechanisms of action and that identify issues or research areas for further study. To these ends a mathematical, lower respiratory tract dosimetry model for gases has been developed which, when linked to experimentally determined upper respiratory tract removal of a gas, can be used for dosimetric extrapolations between one test condition to a theoretical condition (e.g., animal-to-man, child-to-adult, high-to-low dose). This paper, using the ozone (O3) dosimetry model as an example, describes (1) the results of sensitivity analyses that have identified variables that can significantly influence the precision of model predicted doses, (2) research progress in improving the precision of those highly sensitive variables, and (3) approaches being used to validate the model. Results from studies of upper respiratory tract removal of O3 in animals and human are used as inputs into the mathematical model of the lower respiratory tract to illustrate applications of dosimetric extrapolations. JF - Toxicology letters AU - Miller, F J AU - Graham, J A AD - Health Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1988/12// PY - 1988 DA - December 1988 SP - 231 EP - 246 VL - 44 IS - 3 SN - 0378-4274, 0378-4274 KW - Ozone KW - 66H7ZZK23N KW - Index Medicus KW - Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Trachea -- metabolism KW - Lung -- metabolism KW - Administration, Inhalation KW - Species Specificity KW - Models, Biological KW - Ozone -- metabolism KW - Computer Simulation KW - Respiratory System -- metabolism KW - Toxicology -- methods KW - Ozone -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78642816?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+letters&rft.atitle=Research+needs+and+advances+in+inhalation+dosimetry+identified+through+the+use+of+mathematical+dosimetry+models+of+ozone.&rft.au=Miller%2C+F+J%3BGraham%2C+J+A&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1988-12-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=231&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+letters&rft.issn=03784274&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-03-02 N1 - Date created - 1989-03-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Studies on calcium transport during carbon tetrachloride mediated hepatotoxicity in mice. AN - 78585880; 3202893 JF - Biochemical pharmacology AU - Reitman, F A AU - Berger, M L AU - Shertzer, H G AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Dallas, TX 75202. Y1 - 1988/12/01/ PY - 1988 DA - 1988 Dec 01 SP - 4584 EP - 4586 VL - 37 IS - 23 SN - 0006-2952, 0006-2952 KW - Calcium KW - SY7Q814VUP KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cell Membrane -- drug effects KW - Microsomes, Liver -- metabolism KW - Microsomes, Liver -- drug effects KW - Mice KW - Cell Membrane -- metabolism KW - Male KW - Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning -- metabolism KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Calcium -- pharmacokinetics KW - Liver -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78585880?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemical+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Studies+on+calcium+transport+during+carbon+tetrachloride+mediated+hepatotoxicity+in+mice.&rft.au=Reitman%2C+F+A%3BBerger%2C+M+L%3BShertzer%2C+H+G&rft.aulast=Reitman&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1988-12-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=23&rft.spage=4584&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biochemical+pharmacology&rft.issn=00062952&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-01-18 N1 - Date created - 1989-01-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Thermoregulatory responses in mice following acute administration of principal nitrogenous excretory substances. AN - 78774312; 3251252 AB - This study was designed to assess the effects of some key excretory nitrogenous substances on body temperature and selected ambient temperature (Ta) in the mouse. In the first experiment, a dosage-response curve was developed to assess the effects of urea, creatinine, and ammonium chloride on colonic temperature at a Ta of 20 degrees C. All three substances elicited a drop in body temperature at a critical dosage. The threshold dosages were 3280 mg/kg for urea, 1279 mg/kg for creatinine, and 365 mg/kg for ammonium chloride. In a second experiment the selected Ta was monitored using a temperature gradient system. Mice were injected with dosages of the nitrogenous substances that had previously been shown to cause hypothermia at a Ta of 20 degrees C. Urea and ammonium chloride had no significant effect on the selected Ta nor on the colonic temperature after 90 min in the temperature gradient. Creatinine elicited a slight lowering of the selected Ta but had no effect on colonic temperature. The thermoregulatory responses to extremely toxic dosages of the nitrogenous substances appear to be quite dissimilar to that when animals are treated with xenobiotic compounds. JF - Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior AU - Gordon, C J AD - Neurotoxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1988/11// PY - 1988 DA - November 1988 SP - 699 EP - 703 VL - 31 IS - 3 SN - 0091-3057, 0091-3057 KW - Ammonium Chloride KW - 01Q9PC255D KW - Urea KW - 8W8T17847W KW - Creatinine KW - AYI8EX34EU KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Mice KW - Mice, Inbred BALB C KW - Male KW - Body Temperature Regulation -- drug effects KW - Behavior, Animal -- drug effects KW - Creatinine -- pharmacology KW - Ammonium Chloride -- pharmacology KW - Urea -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78774312?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pharmacology%2C+biochemistry%2C+and+behavior&rft.atitle=Thermoregulatory+responses+in+mice+following+acute+administration+of+principal+nitrogenous+excretory+substances.&rft.au=Gordon%2C+C+J&rft.aulast=Gordon&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1988-11-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=699&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pharmacology%2C+biochemistry%2C+and+behavior&rft.issn=00913057&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-07-18 N1 - Date created - 1989-07-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Behavioral effects of acute p-xylene inhalation in rats: autoshaping, motor activity, and reversal learning. AN - 78735701; 3244347 AB - p-Xylene is a ubiquitous solvent and chemical precursor used in industry, gasoline, and household products. While the population at risk for exposure is thus quite large, little is known about its neurobehavioral effects. To evaluate the possibility that p-xylene affects cognitive behavior, male Long-Evans hooded rats inhaled p-xylene at concentrations of 0 or 1600 ppm, 4 hr per day for 1 to 5 days, and were evaluated after exposure on two learning tasks and a test of motor activity. Autoshaping was carried out across 5 successive days with p-xylene exposure in the morning followed by testing in the afternoon. For this test, the retraction of a single response lever on a variable-time 35-sec schedule was followed by delivery of a food pellet. When the force required to depress the lever was low (0.10 N), response acquisition was faster in animals having inhaled 1600 ppm p-xylene than in air-exposed controls. When the force was increased to 0.20 N, however, p-xylene-exposed rats acquired the response no faster than controls. In contrast, inhaled p-xylene at 1600 ppm suppressed response rates in an automaintained reversal learning paradigm without affecting reversal rate. Studies of motor activity showed that while vertically-directed activity was unaffected by p-xylene, horizontally-directed activity was increased by about 30% for the first 15 min of each daily 25-min test.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Neurotoxicology and teratology AU - Bushnell, P J AD - Neurotoxicology Division, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. PY - 1988 SP - 569 EP - 577 VL - 10 IS - 6 SN - 0892-0362, 0892-0362 KW - Xylenes KW - 0 KW - 4-xylene KW - 6WAC1O477V KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Reference Values KW - Administration, Inhalation KW - Time Factors KW - Male KW - Xylenes -- toxicity KW - Learning -- drug effects KW - Motor Activity -- drug effects KW - Xylenes -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78735701?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.atitle=Behavioral+effects+of+acute+p-xylene+inhalation+in+rats%3A+autoshaping%2C+motor+activity%2C+and+reversal+learning.&rft.au=Bushnell%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Bushnell&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1988-11-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=569&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.issn=08920362&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-06-08 N1 - Date created - 1989-06-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acute toxicity of malathion, tetrabromobisphenol-A, and tributyltin chloride to mysids (Mysidopsis bahia) of three ages. AN - 78701619; 2852978 JF - Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology AU - Goodman, L R AU - Cripe, G M AU - Moody, P H AU - Halsell, D G AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Research Laboratory, Gulf Breeze, Florida 32561. Y1 - 1988/11// PY - 1988 DA - November 1988 SP - 746 EP - 753 VL - 41 IS - 5 SN - 0007-4861, 0007-4861 KW - Polybrominated Biphenyls KW - 0 KW - Trialkyltin Compounds KW - Water Pollutants KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - tributyltin KW - 4XDX163P3D KW - tetrabromobisphenol A KW - FQI02RFC3A KW - Malathion KW - U5N7SU872W KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Age Factors KW - Seawater KW - Water Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Decapoda (Crustacea) -- drug effects KW - Trialkyltin Compounds -- toxicity KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- toxicity KW - Polybrominated Biphenyls -- toxicity KW - Malathion -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78701619?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+environmental+contamination+and+toxicology&rft.atitle=Acute+toxicity+of+malathion%2C+tetrabromobisphenol-A%2C+and+tributyltin+chloride+to+mysids+%28Mysidopsis+bahia%29+of+three+ages.&rft.au=Goodman%2C+L+R%3BCripe%2C+G+M%3BMoody%2C+P+H%3BHalsell%2C+D+G&rft.aulast=Goodman&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1988-11-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=746&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bulletin+of+environmental+contamination+and+toxicology&rft.issn=00074861&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-04-25 N1 - Date created - 1989-04-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genotoxic activity of organic chemicals in drinking water. AN - 78577247; 3059175 AB - The information summarized in this review provides substantial evidence for the widespread presence of genotoxins in drinking water. In many, if not most cases, the genotoxic activity can be directly attributed to the chlorination stage of drinking water treatment. The genotoxic activity appears to originate primarily from reactions of chlorine with humic substances in the source waters. Genotoxic activity in drinking water concentrates has been most frequently demonstrated using bacterial mutagenicity tests but results with mammalian cell assay systems are generally consistent with the findings from the bacterial assays. There is currently no evidence for genotoxic damage following in vivo exposures to animals. In some locations genotoxic contaminants of probable industrial and/or agricultural origin occur in the source waters and contribute substantially to the genotoxic activity of finished drinking waters. The method used for sample concentration can have an important bearing on study results. In particular, organic acids account for most of the mutagenicity of chlorinated drinking water, and their recovery from water requires a sample acidification step prior to extraction or XAD resin adsorption. Considerable work has been done to determine the identity of the compounds responsible for the mutagenicity of organic concentrates of drinking water. Recently, one class of acidic compounds, the chlorinated hydroxyfuranones, has been shown to be responsible for a major part of the mutagenic activity. Strategies for drinking water treatment that have been evaluated with respect to reduction of genotoxins in drinking water include granular activated carbon (GAC) filtration, chemical destruction, and the use of alternative means of treatment (i.e., ozone, chlorine dioxide, and monochloramine). GAC treatment has been found to be effective for removal of mutagens from drinking water even after the GAC is beyond its normal use for organic carbon removal. All disinfectant chemicals appear to have the capacity of forming mutagenic chemicals during water treatment. However, the levels of mutagenicity formed with the alternative disinfectants have been generally less than those seen with chlorine and, especially in the case of ozone, highly dependent on the source water.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) JF - Mutation research AU - Meier, J R AD - Toxicology and Microbiology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH 45268. Y1 - 1988/11// PY - 1988 DA - November 1988 SP - 211 EP - 245 VL - 196 IS - 3 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Mutagens KW - 0 KW - Water Pollutants KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - Index Medicus KW - Mutagenicity Tests KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Water Supply -- analysis KW - Water Pollutants -- analysis KW - Mutagens -- analysis KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78577247?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Genotoxic+activity+of+organic+chemicals+in+drinking+water.&rft.au=Meier%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Meier&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1988-11-01&rft.volume=196&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=211&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-01-18 N1 - Date created - 1989-01-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of in vivo and in vitro methods for assessing the effects of repeated dosing with carbon tetrachloride on the hepatic drug-metabolizing enzyme system. AN - 78518263; 2460974 AB - The effect of 7 daily i.p. injections of 0, 2, 20, or 200 microliters/kg carbon tetrachloride on the activity of the hepatic drug-metabolizing enzyme system was measured in the rat by a model substrate assay, employing lindane (gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane), and by a battery of in vitro enzyme assays. The data in this study indicated that repeated administration of CCl4 for 7 days significantly increased phase I and phase II reactions in vivo and in vitro. Though there were differences between the responses of the in vivo and in vitro assays, this is the first report of increased hepatic drug-metabolizing enzyme activity from repeated treatment with CCl4. JF - Toxicology letters AU - Chadwick, R W AU - Copeland, M F AU - Carlson, G P AU - Trela, B A AU - Most, B M AD - Health Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1988/11// PY - 1988 DA - November 1988 SP - 201 EP - 213 VL - 44 IS - 1-2 SN - 0378-4274, 0378-4274 KW - Carbon Radioisotopes KW - 0 KW - Lindane KW - 59NEE7PCAB KW - Hexobarbital KW - AL8Z8K3P6S KW - Carbon Tetrachloride KW - CL2T97X0V0 KW - L-Iditol 2-Dehydrogenase KW - EC 1.1.1.14 KW - Glucose-6-Phosphatase KW - EC 3.1.3.9 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Injections, Intraperitoneal KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Lindane -- metabolism KW - Chromatography, Gas KW - Glucose-6-Phosphatase -- metabolism KW - Hexobarbital -- metabolism KW - L-Iditol 2-Dehydrogenase -- metabolism KW - Female KW - Liver -- enzymology KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Carbon Tetrachloride -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78518263?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+letters&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+in+vivo+and+in+vitro+methods+for+assessing+the+effects+of+repeated+dosing+with+carbon+tetrachloride+on+the+hepatic+drug-metabolizing+enzyme+system.&rft.au=Chadwick%2C+R+W%3BCopeland%2C+M+F%3BCarlson%2C+G+P%3BTrela%2C+B+A%3BMost%2C+B+M&rft.aulast=Chadwick&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1988-11-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=201&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+letters&rft.issn=03784274&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1988-12-16 N1 - Date created - 1988-12-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A comparison of the variability of different techniques and sampling periods for measuring 222Rn and its decay products. AN - 78490899; 2846472 JF - Health physics AU - Ronca-Battista, M AU - Magno, P AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. 20460. Y1 - 1988/11// PY - 1988 DA - November 1988 SP - 801 EP - 807 VL - 55 IS - 5 SN - 0017-9078, 0017-9078 KW - Radon Daughters KW - 0 KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Polonium KW - DQY03U61EJ KW - Radon KW - Q74S4N8N1G KW - Bismuth KW - U015TT5I8H KW - Index Medicus KW - Housing KW - Radiometry -- instrumentation KW - Radon -- analysis KW - Polonium -- analysis KW - Radiometry -- methods KW - Bismuth -- analysis KW - Lead -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78490899?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Health+physics&rft.atitle=A+comparison+of+the+variability+of+different+techniques+and+sampling+periods+for+measuring+222Rn+and+its+decay+products.&rft.au=Ronca-Battista%2C+M%3BMagno%2C+P&rft.aulast=Ronca-Battista&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1988-11-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=801&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Health+physics&rft.issn=00179078&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1988-12-16 N1 - Date created - 1988-12-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acute Toxicity of Malathion, Tetrabromobisphenol-A, and Tributyltin Chloride to Mysids (Mysidopsis bahia) of Three Ages AN - 19234784; 8903203 AB - Little published comparative information is available on the affect of age on the acute sensitivity of Mysidopsis bahia to toxic compounds. The purpose of this study was to obtain information on the relative sensitivity of M. bahia of different ages and to obtain toxicity data on malathion (S-(1 ,2-dicarbethoxyethyl)-O,O-dimethyldithiophosphate, tetrabromobisphenol-A (2,2-bis(3 ,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)propane, or TBBPA), and tributyltin chloride (TBTC). Mysids of 3 ages (< or = 1 day, 4-5 days or 9-10 days) were exposed in the same aquaria during flow-through 96-h acute tests with each of the three test compounds. TBTC was the most toxic, with 96-h LC50 values of 1.1 micrograms/L for 1-d-old, 2.0 micrograms/L for 5-d-old, and 2.2 micrograms/L for 10-d-old mysids. Sensitivities of the three age groups of mysids to malathion were the same statistically at 3.0 for 1-d-olds, 3.1 for 5-d-olds and 2.6 for 10-d-olds. TBBPA was the least toxic of the compounds, with 96-h LC50 values of 860 ug/L for 1-d-olds, 1100 micrograms/L for 5-d-olds, and 1200 micrograms/L for 10-d-olds. The data demonstrate that age was not a large factor in the acute sensitivity of juvenile M. bahia to the compounds tested. (VerNooy-PTT) JF - Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology BECTA6 Vol. 41, No. 5, p 746-753, November 1988. 2 tab, 26 ref. AU - Goodman, L R AU - Cripe, G M AU - Moody, PH AU - Halsell, D G AD - Environmental Protection Agency Gulf Breeze, FL. Gulf Breeze Environmental Research Lab Y1 - 1988/11// PY - 1988 DA - Nov 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Toxicity KW - Malathion KW - Insecticides KW - Phenols KW - Tin KW - Mysids KW - Water pollution effects KW - Lethal limit KW - Bioassay KW - Median tolerance limit KW - Estuaries KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution KW - SW 0890:Estuaries UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19234784?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Acute+Toxicity+of+Malathion%2C+Tetrabromobisphenol-A%2C+and+Tributyltin+Chloride+to+Mysids+%28Mysidopsis+bahia%29+of+Three+Ages&rft.au=Goodman%2C+L+R%3BCripe%2C+G+M%3BMoody%2C+PH%3BHalsell%2C+D+G&rft.aulast=Goodman&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1988-11-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mass Balance Approach to Water Quality Management in the Great Lakes Basin Tributaries AN - 19104945; 9005774 AB - The mass balance approach is a simple accounting scheme that allows one to identify, quantify, and control, where possible, all significant sources of a toxicant to a receiving water. Its application requires no new theories or principles. It does require a broader view, however, of what sources need to be addressed under the Clean Water Act (CWA). It also requires an understanding of the transport and fate of toxicants in lotic and lentic ecosystems, so that the appropriate limiting water body is identified. In addition an appreciation of the sources and magnitudes of the error and uncertainty associated with modeling of the load-concentration relationships, is necessary in order to include an appropriate margin of safety in the waste load allocation formula. The tools that will be used in mass balance modeling are the same basic tools successfully utilized for conventional pollutants. The success of the mass balance effort for toxic chemicals relies on the ability to successfully monitor these chemicals from diffuse sources at levels corresponding to loading rates of concern and in the ambient environment at concentrations at or near the Water Quality Standard (WQS). This will require the characterization of as yet untested or inadequately tested environmental pollutants so that appropriate WQS can be derived. Once protective WQS are derived, analytical methods with the appropriate limits of quantification can be developed. With such methods it should be possible to evaluate how well the models used to calculate load-concentration relationships match actual monitoring results after all significant sources are identified and quantified, and the sources controls under the waste load allocation are implemented. Feedback from this follow-up monitoring will allow the refinment of the loading and fate rate estimates, as well as the accuracy and precision of model predictions. The 1978 Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement between the United States and Canada underscores the unique and irreplaceable character of the Great Lakes ecosystem, making it all the more imperative that the total loadings of the most persistent and bioaccumulative of the toxic pollutants to the Great Lakes be reduced to the maximum extent practicable in the shortest time possible. (See also W90-05772) (Lantz-PTT) JF - Protection of River Basins Lakes and Estuaries: Fifteen Years of Cooperation toward Solving Environmental Problems in the USSR and USA. Report No. EPA/600/9-88/023, November 1988. p 37-57, 1 fig, 4 ref. AU - Fink, LE AU - Wise, P L AD - Environmental Protection Agency Chicago, IL. Region V Y1 - 1988/11// PY - 1988 DA - Nov 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Great Lakes KW - Mass balance KW - Model studies KW - Water pollution control KW - Water quality management KW - Fate of pollutants KW - Management planning KW - Monitoring KW - Path of pollutants KW - SW 4070:Ecological impact of water development KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19104945?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Mass+Balance+Approach+to+Water+Quality+Management+in+the+Great+Lakes+Basin+Tributaries&rft.au=Fink%2C+LE%3BWise%2C+P+L&rft.aulast=Fink&rft.aufirst=LE&rft.date=1988-11-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Federal Ground Water Quality Protection Programs AN - 19058760; 8907122 AB - At the federal level, eleven agencies have some jurisdiction over groundwater. Of these agencies, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has the lead responsibility for groundwater quality and implements regulatory and research programs designed to protect groundwater. Some of the other federal agencies that also play major roles in the protection of groundwater include: land management agencies within the Department of Interior and the U.S. Department of Agriculture; source control agencies such as the Nuclear Regulatory Commission and the Department of Defense; and scientific agencies such as the U.S. Geological Survey which characterizes the groundwater resource and conducts broad-based site-specific research aimed at understanding the sources, movement, and fate of both natural and man-made chemicals in groundwater. Within EPA, groundwater protection has become an integral part of many programs which were originally established to meet other objectives. In order to provide focus for activities related to groundwater protection, the EPA established offices of groundwater protection in the offices of the headquarters in Washington and in each of the ten regional offices. In Region VI , the Office of Groundwater manages the groundwater protection portions of the Section 106 and Section 319 programs of the Clean Water Act as well as the Sole Source Aquifer, the Sole Source Aquifer Demonstration, and the Wellhead Protection Programs in Texas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Arkansas, Louisiana, and Indian lands belonging to the sixty-eight tribes in Region VI. (See also W89-07121) (Hammond-PTT) JF - Proceedings of the 32nd Annual New Mexico Conference on Ground Water Management. Albuquerque, NM November 5-6, 1987. New Mexico Water Resources Research Institute, Las Cruces, NM, February 1988. pp 1-11, 4 fig. AU - Kirkpatrick, K AD - Environmental Protection Agency Dallas, TX. Water Management Div Y1 - 1988/11// PY - 1988 DA - Nov 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Water pollution control KW - Federal jurisdiction KW - Groundwater KW - Water law KW - Water quality management KW - Governmental interrelations KW - Chemical properties Aquifers KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - SW 4050:Water law and institutions UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19058760?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Federal+Ground+Water+Quality+Protection+Programs&rft.au=Kirkpatrick%2C+K&rft.aulast=Kirkpatrick&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1988-11-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Carcinogen testing. Fact and fallacy. AN - 78434668; 3167787 AB - In the absence of human information on the carcinogenicity of chemical substances, one must rely primarily on information from long-term animal testing. Although far from perfect, animal studies seem to be reasonable predictors of the human experience, both qualitatively and quantitatively. Short-term tests for genotoxicity may be helpful for establishing priorities for chemical testing, but they are not as strong indicators of potential carcinogenicity as had been previously thought. New directions in toxicologic research hold the promise for scientists being able to perform more reasoned assessments of carcinogenic risk. JF - Cancer AU - Moore, J A AD - Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. 20460. Y1 - 1988/10/15/ PY - 1988 DA - 1988 Oct 15 SP - 1688 EP - 1690 VL - 62 IS - 8 Suppl SN - 0008-543X, 0008-543X KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Mutagenicity Tests KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Carcinogenicity Tests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78434668?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer&rft.atitle=Carcinogen+testing.+Fact+and+fallacy.&rft.au=Moore%2C+J+A&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1988-10-15&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=8+Suppl&rft.spage=1688&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer&rft.issn=0008543X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1988-11-09 N1 - Date created - 1988-11-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chronic effects of contaminated sediment on Daphnia magna and Chironomus tentans. AN - 78672567; 3224177 JF - Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology AU - Nebeker, A V AU - Onjukka, S T AU - Cairns, M A AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis Environmental Research Laboratory, Oregon 97333. Y1 - 1988/10// PY - 1988 DA - October 1988 SP - 574 EP - 581 VL - 41 IS - 4 SN - 0007-4861, 0007-4861 KW - Water Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Water Supply -- analysis KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - Male KW - Female KW - Water Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Daphnia -- physiology KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- toxicity KW - Diptera -- physiology KW - Chironomidae -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78672567?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+environmental+contamination+and+toxicology&rft.atitle=Chronic+effects+of+contaminated+sediment+on+Daphnia+magna+and+Chironomus+tentans.&rft.au=Nebeker%2C+A+V%3BOnjukka%2C+S+T%3BCairns%2C+M+A&rft.aulast=Nebeker&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1988-10-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=574&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bulletin+of+environmental+contamination+and+toxicology&rft.issn=00074861&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-04-06 N1 - Date created - 1989-04-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acute toxicity and behavioral effects of acrylates and methacrylates to juvenile fathead minnows. AN - 78671440; 3224179 JF - Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology AU - Russom, C L AU - Drummond, R A AU - Hoffman, A D AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Research Laboratory, Duluth, Minnesota 55804. Y1 - 1988/10// PY - 1988 DA - October 1988 SP - 589 EP - 596 VL - 41 IS - 4 SN - 0007-4861, 0007-4861 KW - Acrylates KW - 0 KW - Methacrylates KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Chromatography, Gas KW - Lethal Dose 50 KW - Time Factors KW - Molecular Weight KW - Behavior, Animal -- drug effects KW - Methacrylates -- toxicity KW - Fishes -- physiology KW - Acrylates -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78671440?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+environmental+contamination+and+toxicology&rft.atitle=Acute+toxicity+and+behavioral+effects+of+acrylates+and+methacrylates+to+juvenile+fathead+minnows.&rft.au=Russom%2C+C+L%3BDrummond%2C+R+A%3BHoffman%2C+A+D&rft.aulast=Russom&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1988-10-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=589&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bulletin+of+environmental+contamination+and+toxicology&rft.issn=00074861&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-04-06 N1 - Date created - 1989-04-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Functional teratogens of the rat kidney. I. Colchicine, dinoseb, and methyl salicylate. AN - 78643682; 3220214 AB - Substances known or suspected to cause subtle or transient anatomical alterations in renal development were administered prenatally or neonatally to rats in order to determine whether they are capable of altering renal functional development. Colchicine alters mitotic activity and cytoskeletal structure and is teratogenic in many species. Since the kidney of the newborn rat undergoes extensive cellular proliferation and nephron differentiation, it is possible that neonatal administration of colchicine may affect nephron development. Dinoseb and methyl salicylate have previously been reported to produce a high incidence of dilated renal pelvis in the term rat fetus. Colchicine was injected sc, at 75 micrograms/kg, to Postnatal Day (PD) 1 Sprague-Dawley rats. Dinoseb was administered ip to pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats on Gestation Days 10-12 at doses of 8 or 10.5 mg/kg/day, and methyl salicylate was administered ip at doses of 200, 250, or 300 mg/kg/day on Gestation Days 11-12. Renal function was examined in pups from immediately after birth through weaning. Maximal urine concentrating ability was measured after DDAVP (desmopressin acetate, a vasopressin analog) injection in suckling rats, and after 24 hr of water deprivation in weanlings. Proximal tubule transport was measured in renal cortical slices. Basal urinary parameters, including urine flow, osmolality, pH, and chloride content, were measured. Colchicine treatment had no effect on body weight or kidney weight. There was a significant decrease in maximal urine osmolality in PD 30 rats measured after 24 hr of water deprivation. The urine concentrating deficit detected in functionally mature PD 30 rats suggests that colchicine treatment during renal histogenesis causes a latent deficit in medullary function in the absence of any gross morphological effects. The 10.5 mg/kg/day dose of dinoseb caused a weight reduction in neonates which persisted after weaning. Urine volume after DDAVP challenge was increased over controls in both dose groups on PD 6, but maximal urine concentration was unaffected. On PD 14, maximal urine concentration after DDAVP injection was decreased in the 10.5 mg/kg/day group. By PD 30, urine concentrating ability was comparable to controls. Renal cortical slices from the 10.5 mg/kg/day dose group had an enhanced ability to accumulate organic anions on PD 3 and 31, but opposite effects were observed in the low-dose group. No other renal functional parameters were altered. Urine osmolality after DDAVP challenge was decreased over controls in the 250 mg/kg/day methyl salicylate group on PD 6, and urine volume was increased in this group after DDAVP injection on PD 14.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) JF - Fundamental and applied toxicology : official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Daston, G P AU - Rehnberg, B F AU - Carver, B AU - Rogers, E H AU - Kavlock, R J AD - Developmental Biology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1988/10// PY - 1988 DA - October 1988 SP - 381 EP - 400 VL - 11 IS - 3 SN - 0272-0590, 0272-0590 KW - Dinitrophenols KW - 0 KW - Herbicides KW - Salicylates KW - Teratogens KW - Deamino Arginine Vasopressin KW - ENR1LLB0FP KW - methyl salicylate KW - LAV5U5022Y KW - 2,4-Dinitrophenol KW - Q13SKS21MN KW - Colchicine KW - SML2Y3J35T KW - dinoseb KW - YD44ZEM22M KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats, Inbred Strains KW - Rats KW - Animals, Suckling KW - Kidney Function Tests KW - Animals KW - Fetus -- drug effects KW - Deamino Arginine Vasopressin -- toxicity KW - Kidney Cortex -- metabolism KW - Female KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects KW - Pregnancy KW - Colchicine -- toxicity KW - Salicylates -- toxicity KW - 2,4-Dinitrophenol -- analogs & derivatives KW - Kidney Diseases -- urine KW - Herbicides -- toxicity KW - Dinitrophenols -- toxicity KW - Kidney Diseases -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78643682?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fundamental+and+applied+toxicology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Functional+teratogens+of+the+rat+kidney.+I.+Colchicine%2C+dinoseb%2C+and+methyl+salicylate.&rft.au=Daston%2C+G+P%3BRehnberg%2C+B+F%3BCarver%2C+B%3BRogers%2C+E+H%3BKavlock%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Daston&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1988-10-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=381&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fundamental+and+applied+toxicology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=02720590&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-03-22 N1 - Date created - 1989-03-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ontogeny of the acoustic startle response and sensitization to background noise in the rat. AN - 78560874; 3196440 AB - The purpose of this study was to characterize the ontogeny of the acoustic startle response (ASR) and response sensitization to background noise in preweanling rats. Animals were tested daily from 11 to 21 days of age using one of four sets of background white noise levels [45-80 dB(A)]. With constant low-level (45 dB, SPL) background noise, response latency decreased steadily with age, whereas both response incidence and amplitude increased nonmonotonically with age. Two approaches were used to examine the ontogeny of sensitization to background noise: The first compared the ASR of animals tested at 75 dB background noise with ones tested at 45 dB; the second compared the ASR of animals tested at three background levels (30 dB range) within the test session. Sensitization was not evident before 15-16 days of age. By comparing these results with the results from naive animals, it was found that daily test experience does not alter ASR amplitude, latency, incidence, or the development of sensitization. JF - Behavioral neuroscience AU - Sheets, L P AU - Dean, K F AU - Reiter, L W AD - Neurotoxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. Y1 - 1988/10// PY - 1988 DA - October 1988 SP - 706 EP - 713 VL - 102 IS - 5 SN - 0735-7044, 0735-7044 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Acoustic Stimulation KW - Reaction Time -- physiology KW - Aging -- physiology KW - Auditory Pathways -- physiology KW - Noise KW - Reflex, Startle -- physiology KW - Sensory Thresholds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78560874?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Behavioral+neuroscience&rft.atitle=Ontogeny+of+the+acoustic+startle+response+and+sensitization+to+background+noise+in+the+rat.&rft.au=Sheets%2C+L+P%3BDean%2C+K+F%3BReiter%2C+L+W&rft.aulast=Sheets&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1988-10-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=706&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Behavioral+neuroscience&rft.issn=07357044&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-01-17 N1 - Date created - 1989-01-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nitrite-induced iron deficiency in the neonatal rat. AN - 78523501; 3188025 AB - Neonatal rats from dams receiving 2 or 3 g NaNO2/liter in the drinking water through -gestation and lactation suffered severe microcytic anemia as well as growth retardation and high mortality. Lipemia, fatty liver damage, decreased erythropoiesis of spleen and bone marrow, and reduced plasma and tissue iron levels were noted in affected pups. These effects were all consistent with and characteristic of iron deficiency. Experiments presented here were designed to show that the maternally mediated toxicity of nitrite is actually an iron deficiency syndrome in the pups caused by inadequate iron transfer from dam to pup. It was found that administration of exogenous iron supplement to pups of treated mothers reversed the anemia and other effects of nitrite toxicity noted both in previous studies and in unsupplemented littermates. Mothers of affected pups were themselves anemic. Finally, we fully documented severe iron deficiency in pups of nitrite-treated mothers and showed that these mothers produced milk of reduced iron content. It appears then that nitrite-consuming dams have a reduced capacity to transfer iron to their pups. The nitrite-associated toxicities in the pups are actually a result of an iron deficiency. JF - Toxicology and applied pharmacology AU - Roth, A C AU - Smith, M K AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Toxicology and Microbiology Division, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268. Y1 - 1988/10// PY - 1988 DA - October 1988 SP - 43 EP - 51 VL - 96 IS - 1 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - Nitrites KW - 0 KW - Iron KW - E1UOL152H7 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Maternal-Fetal Exchange KW - Animals KW - Anemia -- chemically induced KW - Weight Gain KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Lactation KW - Iron -- deficiency KW - Animals, Newborn -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78523501?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Nitrite-induced+iron+deficiency+in+the+neonatal+rat.&rft.au=Roth%2C+A+C%3BSmith%2C+M+K&rft.aulast=Roth&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1988-10-01&rft.volume=96&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=43&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1988-12-20 N1 - Date created - 1988-12-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative study of ozone (O3) uptake in three strains of rats and in the guinea pig. AN - 78514020; 3188019 AB - Ozone uptake was assessed in awake, spontaneously breathing Fischer-344 Sprague-Dawley, and Long-Evans rats and Hartley guinea pigs to provide data on the dosimetry of O3 in small laboratory animals. This information is needed for extrapolation of O3 toxicity data from experimental animals to man. Breathing measurements and O3 exposure data were obtained using a head-out body plethysmograph connected to a nose-only exposure system. The fractional uptake of O3 was computed by measuring flow and O3 concentration both upstream and downstream from the nose. The quantity of O3 removed by the animal, O2 consumption, CO2 production, and tidal breathing measurements were automatically recorded once each minute. All animal types were exposed for 1 hr to 0.3 ppm O3. Other Fischer-344 rats were also exposed for 1 hr to 0.0 or to 0.6 ppm O3. Exposure concentrations of O3 had no significant effect on percentage O3 uptake in Fischer-344 rats. Results showed that percentage O3 uptake (47%) did not differ significantly among the three strains of rats nor between the rats and the guinea pigs. Similarly, percentage O3 uptake was independent of animal age, lung weight, and lung volume as well as normal variations encountered in the resting breathing measures. However, species-specific ventilation and O3 concentration were the primary determinants of the accumulated lung dose of O3 during the exposures. JF - Toxicology and applied pharmacology AU - Wiester, M J AU - Tepper, J S AU - King, M E AU - Ménache, M G AU - Costa, D L AD - Toxicology Branch, Inhalation Toxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1988/10// PY - 1988 DA - October 1988 SP - 140 EP - 146 VL - 96 IS - 1 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - Ozone KW - 66H7ZZK23N KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Guinea Pigs KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Respiration KW - Male KW - Ozone -- pharmacokinetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78514020?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Comparative+study+of+ozone+%28O3%29+uptake+in+three+strains+of+rats+and+in+the+guinea+pig.&rft.au=Wiester%2C+M+J%3BTepper%2C+J+S%3BKing%2C+M+E%3BM%C3%A9nache%2C+M+G%3BCosta%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Wiester&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1988-10-01&rft.volume=96&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=140&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1988-12-20 N1 - Date created - 1988-12-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Synaptonemal complex damage induced by clastogenic and anti-mitotic chemicals: implications for non-disjunction and aneuploidy. AN - 78458324; 3173380 AB - Mice were treated with mitomycin C, cyclophosphamide, amsacrine, colchicine, or vinblastine sulfate, and meiotic prophase cells analyzed for synaptonemal complex (SC) damage. All test agents caused synaptonemal complex breakage and synapsis irregularities, although propensities for inducing specific types of damage at S-phase or prophase stages varied among the chemicals. The data indicate that SC analysis can reveal chemical-specific alterations to meiotic homologue pairing/synapsis which have not generally been recognized, and which theoretically may be implicated in non-disjunction. JF - Mutation research AU - Allen, J W AU - Gibson, J B AU - Poorman, P A AU - Backer, L C AU - Moses, M J AD - Genetic Toxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1988/10// PY - 1988 DA - October 1988 SP - 313 EP - 324 VL - 201 IS - 2 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Antineoplastic Agents KW - 0 KW - Mutagens KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Mice KW - Male KW - Aneuploidy KW - Synaptonemal Complex -- drug effects KW - Meiosis -- drug effects KW - Nondisjunction, Genetic KW - Mutagens -- pharmacology KW - Antineoplastic Agents -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78458324?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Synaptonemal+complex+damage+induced+by+clastogenic+and+anti-mitotic+chemicals%3A+implications+for+non-disjunction+and+aneuploidy.&rft.au=Allen%2C+J+W%3BGibson%2C+J+B%3BPoorman%2C+P+A%3BBacker%2C+L+C%3BMoses%2C+M+J&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1988-10-01&rft.volume=201&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=313&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1988-11-01 N1 - Date created - 1988-11-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - California Team Study: Breath Concentrations and Personal Exposures to 26 Volatile Compounds in Air and Drinking Water of 188 Residents of Los Angeles, Antioch, and Pittsburg, CA AN - 19271249; 8905914 AB - The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency carried out a study of personal exposures to 26 volatile organic chemicals in the air, drinking water, and exhaled breath of 188 California residents in 1984. Sixteen chemicals were often found above quantifiable limits in the personal air samples, but only the 4 trihalomethanes were often found in drinking water. The highest exposures were to 1,1,1-trichloroethane, para-dichlorobenzene, xylenes, benzene, and tetrachloroethylene. Indoor air concentrations generally exceeded outdoor air concentrations, particularly at the higher percentiles. Breath concentrations of 8 chemicals showed significant correlations with preceding personal air concentrations in the 2 visits to Los Angeles. Smoking, employment, and automobile-related activities were identified as important sources of personal exposure to a number of target compounds. (Author 's abstract) JF - Atmospheric Environment ATENBP Vol. 22, No. 10, p 2141-2163, October 1988. 8 fig, 26 tab, 17 ref. EPA Cooperative Agreement CR-812667-01-0. AU - Wallace, LA AU - Pellizzari, ED AU - Hartwell, T D AU - Whitmore, R AU - Zelon, H AD - Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC Y1 - 1988/10// PY - 1988 DA - Oct 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Population exposure KW - Respiration KW - Pollutant identification KW - Drinking water KW - Air pollution KW - California KW - Volatile organic compounds KW - Aromatic compounds KW - Aliphatic hydrocarbons KW - Chlorinated hydrocarbons KW - Breath sampling KW - Toxins KW - SW 3010:Identification of pollutants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19271249?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=California+Team+Study%3A+Breath+Concentrations+and+Personal+Exposures+to+26+Volatile+Compounds+in+Air+and+Drinking+Water+of+188+Residents+of+Los+Angeles%2C+Antioch%2C+and+Pittsburg%2C+CA&rft.au=Wallace%2C+LA%3BPellizzari%2C+ED%3BHartwell%2C+T+D%3BWhitmore%2C+R%3BZelon%2C+H&rft.aulast=Wallace&rft.aufirst=LA&rft.date=1988-10-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pilot-Plant Evaluations of Porous Biomass Supports AN - 19245076; 8903104 AB - Several porous biomass-support systems are currently available for use in the activated-sludge process. One of these systems, Captor, utilizes polyurethane foam pads to provide biofilm growth sites that transform an aerobic suspended-growth reactor into a fixed-film reactor. The pads are periodically withdrawn via a conveyor system and cleaned to remove excess biomass. A 2-year pilot-plant evaluation of the Captor biomass-support system was undertaken the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 's Test and Evaluation Facility. Three reactors were operated under various loading conditions, dissolved-oxygen (DO) levels, and pad-cleaning frequencies in both series and parallel flow configurations. The system efficiently converted soluble biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) to new biomass, but the majority of the solids exited in the process effluent rather than via the pad cleaners. Increased pad cleaning provided only marginal improvement. Nitrification was evaluated during series operation. Pad durability was good, but overall system economics were not impressive. There was no evidence of enhanced oxygen transfer efficiencies as previously claimed. (Author 's abstract) JF - Journal of Environmental Engineering (ASCE) JOEDDU Vol. 114, No. 5, p 1077-1096, October 1988. 8 fig, 6 tab, 14 ref. AU - Heidman, A AU - Brenner, R C AU - Shah, HJ AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab Y1 - 1988/10// PY - 1988 DA - Oct 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Activated sludge process KW - Wastewater treatment KW - Biological wastewater treatment KW - Porous Biomass support systems KW - Oxygen transfer efficiency KW - Pilot plants KW - Biomass KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19245076?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Pilot-Plant+Evaluations+of+Porous+Biomass+Supports&rft.au=Heidman%2C+A%3BBrenner%2C+R+C%3BShah%2C+HJ&rft.aulast=Heidman&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1988-10-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 's Strategy for Ground Water Quality Monitoring at Hazardous Waste Land Disposal Facilities Located in Karst Terranes AN - 19100503; 9003162 AB - Groundwater monitoring of hazardous waste land disposal units by a network of wells is ineffective when located in karstic terrains. The U.S. EPA is currently proposing to modify its current groundwater quality monitoring requirement of one upgradient well and three downgradient wells for disposal units located in karstic terrains. The convergent nature of subsurface flow to cave streams in karstic terrains requires that effective monitoring wells intercept the cave streams. Wells located around a hazardous waste disposal unit, but not in the specific cave stream draining the site, are only providing irrelevant data and a false sense of security because the water samples from such wells are not necessarily from the hazardous waste disposal unit. A case study of a site in Puerto Rico near the town of Barceloneta is provided in this paper. EPA is drafting a guidance document that will allow monitoring by wells, only if the up and downgradient wells can be demonstrated to be hydraulically connected by means of dye-trace studies. If not, then the monitoring of springs shown to be hydraulically connected to the facility by dye-tracing studies would be required. Monitoring for sinkhole development will also be required to provide advance warning of sinkhole collapse. The investigation and determination of the probability of sinkhole collapse will be given special treatment. (See also W90-03104) (Author 's abstract) JF - Karst Hydrogeology and Karst Environment Protection. Volume 2. Proceedings of the 21st Congress of the International Association of Hydrogeologists, Guilin, China October 10-15, 1988. IAHS Publication No. 176, (1988). p 1006-1011, 11 ref. AU - Field AD - Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC. Office of Research and Development Y1 - 1988/10// PY - 1988 DA - Oct 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Network design KW - Data acquisition KW - Karst hydrology KW - Path of pollutants KW - Groundwater quality KW - Monitoring KW - Hazardous wastes KW - Land disposal KW - Karst KW - Wells KW - Groundwater movement KW - Case studies KW - Tracers KW - Sinkholes KW - Geohydrology KW - Puerto Rico KW - Groundwater pollution KW - Water quality control KW - SW 5010:Network design KW - SW 3010:Identification of pollutants KW - SW 0840:Groundwater UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19100503?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=U.S.+Environmental+Protection+Agency+%27s+Strategy+for+Ground+Water+Quality+Monitoring+at+Hazardous+Waste+Land+Disposal+Facilities+Located+in+Karst+Terranes&rft.au=Field&rft.aulast=Field&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1988-10-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Neurotypic and gliotypic proteins as biochemical markers of neurotoxicity. AN - 78749551; 3247001 AB - Cells of the central and peripheral nervous system are differentially sensitive to toxic insults. Because biochemical differences between nervous system cell types are revealed by region- and cell-type-specific proteins, we proposed that these unique neuronal (neurotypic) and glial (gliotypic) proteins may be used to detect and characterize the cellular responses to chemical-induced injury (28). We are testing this hypothesis by administering known and suspected neurotoxicants to the developing and mature rat and assessing the effects of these agents on previously characterized neurotypic and gliotypic proteins. Using radioimmunoassays of these proteins in combination with their localization by immunohistochemistry, we have characterized several features of the neurotoxic state: 1) region-dependent patterns of neurotoxicity are revealed by changes in neurotypic and gliotypic proteins; 2) these changes are time-dependent and vary depending on the nature of the insult; and 3) significant changes in neurotypic and gliotypic proteins can be observed where there is no apparent pathology. Data obtained using a number of known neurotoxicants are presented to illustrate the use of this approach for assessing neurotoxicity. JF - Neurotoxicology and teratology AU - O'Callaghan, J P AD - Neurotoxicology Division (MD-74B), United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. PY - 1988 SP - 445 EP - 452 VL - 10 IS - 5 SN - 0892-0362, 0892-0362 KW - Biomarkers KW - 0 KW - Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein KW - Nerve Tissue Proteins KW - Neurotoxins KW - Triethyltin Compounds KW - triethyltin KW - 5XCT3EQJ85 KW - Bilirubin KW - RFM9X3LJ49 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Bilirubin -- toxicity KW - Triethyltin Compounds -- toxicity KW - Nerve Tissue Proteins -- analysis KW - Neuroglia -- pathology KW - Neurons -- drug effects KW - Brain -- pathology KW - Brain -- drug effects KW - Biomarkers -- analysis KW - Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein -- analysis KW - Neuroglia -- drug effects KW - Neurotoxins -- toxicity KW - Neurons -- pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78749551?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.atitle=Neurotypic+and+gliotypic+proteins+as+biochemical+markers+of+neurotoxicity.&rft.au=O%27Callaghan%2C+J+P&rft.aulast=O%27Callaghan&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1988-09-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=445&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.issn=08920362&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-06-16 N1 - Date created - 1989-06-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Drinking water standards and risk assessment. AN - 78701334; 3238060 AB - The role and use of risk assessment methods in the establishment of drinking water standards are described with emphasis on recent applications. The process essentially includes an attempt to quantify human exposure from all routes including drinking water, animal toxicology, and human epidemiology, when available, to arrive at drinking water concentrations at which exposure would result in "no known or anticipated adverse effects on health, with a margin of safety." The process itself is straightforward; however, the application to decision making for substances that are considered to be potentially nonthreshold acting in their toxicity (e.g., carcinogenic) requires many policy choices beyond the scientific data and is subject to considerable controversy. JF - Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP AU - Cotruvo, J A AD - Office of Drinking Water, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. 20460. Y1 - 1988/09// PY - 1988 DA - September 1988 SP - 288 EP - 299 VL - 8 IS - 3 SN - 0273-2300, 0273-2300 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Risk KW - Costs and Cost Analysis KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Water Pollution, Chemical -- adverse effects KW - Legislation as Topic KW - Water Supply -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78701334?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Regulatory+toxicology+and+pharmacology+%3A+RTP&rft.atitle=Drinking+water+standards+and+risk+assessment.&rft.au=Cotruvo%2C+J+A&rft.aulast=Cotruvo&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1988-09-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=288&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Regulatory+toxicology+and+pharmacology+%3A+RTP&rft.issn=02732300&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-04-21 N1 - Date created - 1989-04-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acute effects and long-term sequelae of 1,3-dinitrobenzene on male reproduction in the rat. I. Sperm quality, quantity, and fertilizing ability. AN - 78699426; 3235379 AB - Groups of eight adult male rats were given a single oral dose of 0 or 48 mg/kg of 1,3-dinitrobenzene and sacrificed at 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, 32, 72, and 175 days posttreatment. The groups killed at 175 days were bred to untreated females during weeks 3, 4, 6, 9, 13, and 24. Decreased testis weight and testicular sperm numbers were observed by day 4; decreased cauda sperm reserves and epididymis weight occurred by day 8 and day 16, respectively. Reduced numbers of motile spermatozoa and abnormal sperm morphology were seen in spermatozoa from the cauda epididymidis by day 16. Fertilizing ability, as indicated by the presence of two pronuclei and a sperm tail in eggs flushed from the oviducts of inseminated females, was slightly reduced by week 4 and declined to zero by week 6. Group means for reproductive organ weights, sperm production, and sperm reserves failed to return to control levels although some individual animals approached full recovery. Normal fertilizing ability was restored in most animals by week 13, but two of seven remained infertile. Occlusion of some efferent ductules was observed in three of seven animals at 175 days. This study indicates that 1,3-dinitrobenzene is a potent testicular toxicant in the rat, capable of producing marked testicular damage, infertility, and possibly sterility from a single exposure. JF - Journal of andrology AU - Linder, R E AU - Hess, R A AU - Perreault, S D AU - Strader, L F AU - Barbee, R R AD - Reproductive Toxicology Branch, Health Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. PY - 1988 SP - 317 EP - 326 VL - 9 IS - 5 SN - 0196-3635, 0196-3635 KW - Dinitrobenzenes KW - 0 KW - Nitrobenzenes KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats, Inbred Strains KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Spermatogenesis -- drug effects KW - Time Factors KW - Male KW - Female KW - Fertility -- drug effects KW - Sperm Count -- drug effects KW - Sperm-Ovum Interactions -- drug effects KW - Spermatozoa -- drug effects KW - Nitrobenzenes -- adverse effects KW - Dinitrobenzenes -- adverse effects KW - Sperm Motility -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78699426?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+andrology&rft.atitle=Acute+effects+and+long-term+sequelae+of+1%2C3-dinitrobenzene+on+male+reproduction+in+the+rat.+I.+Sperm+quality%2C+quantity%2C+and+fertilizing+ability.&rft.au=Linder%2C+R+E%3BHess%2C+R+A%3BPerreault%2C+S+D%3BStrader%2C+L+F%3BBarbee%2C+R+R&rft.aulast=Linder&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1988-09-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=317&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+andrology&rft.issn=01963635&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-04-25 N1 - Date created - 1989-04-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pharmacological evaluation of central adrenergic involvement in chlordecone-induced hypothermia. AN - 78515516; 2460796 AB - Adrenergic involvement in the hypothermia produced by systemically administered chlordecone (CLD) was evaluated in the rat using intracisternal pretreatment with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), alpha-adrenergic receptor antagonists (phenoxybenzamine and phentolamine) and beta-adrenergic antagonists (propranolol and atenolol). The effect of intraperitoneal administration of 75 mg/kg of chlordecone on colonic temperature (Tcol) in male Fischer-344 rats was measured 7 days after administration of 6-OHDA and 30 min following pretreatment with the receptor antagonists. Prior depletion of catecholamines in brain with 250 micrograms of 6-OHDA administered intracerebrally attenuated hypothermia induced by chlordecone, without affecting basal Tcol. Phenoxybenzamine (10 or 20 micrograms) and phentolamine (5 or 10 micrograms) also reduced the hypothermic response to chlordecone. The beta-adrenergic receptor antagonists propranolol (50 or 100 micrograms) and atenolol (10 or 20 micrograms) did not attenuate chlordecone-induced hypothermia. These data suggest that the hypothermia induced by chlordecone is a result of alterations in central alpha-adrenergic functions, possibly involved with the sympathetic control of vasomotor tone. JF - Neuropharmacology AU - Cook, L L AU - Edens, F W AU - Tilson, H A AD - Neurotoxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1988/09// PY - 1988 DA - September 1988 SP - 881 EP - 887 VL - 27 IS - 9 SN - 0028-3908, 0028-3908 KW - Hydroxydopamines KW - 0 KW - Insecticides KW - Receptors, Adrenergic KW - Phenoxybenzamine KW - 0TTZ664R7Z KW - Atenolol KW - 50VV3VW0TI KW - Oxidopamine KW - 8HW4YBZ748 KW - Propranolol KW - 9Y8NXQ24VQ KW - Chlordecone KW - RG5XJ88UDF KW - Dopamine KW - VTD58H1Z2X KW - Norepinephrine KW - X4W3ENH1CV KW - Phentolamine KW - Z468598HBV KW - Index Medicus KW - Hydroxydopamines -- pharmacology KW - Animals KW - Drug Interactions KW - Phentolamine -- pharmacology KW - Propranolol -- pharmacology KW - Colon -- drug effects KW - Atenolol -- pharmacology KW - Dopamine -- metabolism KW - Rats KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Norepinephrine -- metabolism KW - Phenoxybenzamine -- pharmacology KW - Injections KW - Cisterna Magna KW - Male KW - Chlordecone -- pharmacology KW - Insecticides -- pharmacology KW - Hypothermia, Induced KW - Receptors, Adrenergic -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78515516?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neuropharmacology&rft.atitle=Pharmacological+evaluation+of+central+adrenergic+involvement+in+chlordecone-induced+hypothermia.&rft.au=Cook%2C+L+L%3BEdens%2C+F+W%3BTilson%2C+H+A&rft.aulast=Cook&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1988-09-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=881&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neuropharmacology&rft.issn=00283908&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1988-12-16 N1 - Date created - 1988-12-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Possible brainstem involvement in the modification of thermoregulatory processes by chlordecone in rats. AN - 78512223; 2460795 AB - The involvement of the central nervous system in the hypothermia induced by chlordecone was studied by evaluating the effects of infusions of chlordecone injected into the lateral and third ventricles and the cisterna magna on colonic temperature (Tcol). Compared to rats given vehicle, infusions of 40, 320 or 800 micrograms of chlordecone into the lateral ventricle or 320 or 800 micrograms of chlordecone into the third ventricle, through chronic indwelling cannulae, did not change significantly Tcol. However, intracisternal infusions of 80, 160, 320 or 800 micrograms of chlordecone produced significant hypothermia (maximally 2.2 degrees C) which persisted for as long as 6 hr. Intracisternal infusions of chlordecone also produced a rapid increase in the temperature of the tail skin (Tsk) which persisted throughout the period of hypothermia. This suggests that the hypothermia produced by central administration of chlordecone is related to peripheral vasodilation. Since chlordecone has been reported to induce release of NE in the brainstem, and NE is known to modulate tonic vasomotor control in the medulla, the effects of NE infused intracisternally were studied. Intracisternal infusions of NE (16 micrograms) significantly decreased Tcol and increased Tsk, supporting the hypothesis that hypothermia induced by chlordecone is associated with vasodilatory effects, mediated by an adrenergic mechanism in the brainstem. JF - Neuropharmacology AU - Cook, L L AU - Edens, F W AU - Tilson, H A AD - Neurotoxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1988/09// PY - 1988 DA - September 1988 SP - 871 EP - 879 VL - 27 IS - 9 SN - 0028-3908, 0028-3908 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Chlordecone KW - RG5XJ88UDF KW - Norepinephrine KW - X4W3ENH1CV KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Catheterization KW - Skin -- drug effects KW - Norepinephrine -- pharmacology KW - Colon -- drug effects KW - Injections KW - Cisterna Magna KW - Injections, Intraventricular KW - Brain Stem -- drug effects KW - Body Temperature Regulation -- drug effects KW - Chlordecone -- pharmacology KW - Brain Stem -- physiology KW - Insecticides -- pharmacology KW - Chlordecone -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78512223?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neuropharmacology&rft.atitle=Possible+brainstem+involvement+in+the+modification+of+thermoregulatory+processes+by+chlordecone+in+rats.&rft.au=Cook%2C+L+L%3BEdens%2C+F+W%3BTilson%2C+H+A&rft.aulast=Cook&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1988-09-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=871&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neuropharmacology&rft.issn=00283908&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1988-12-16 N1 - Date created - 1988-12-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biochemical and morphological validation of a rodent model of organophosphorus-induced delayed neuropathy. AN - 78477612; 3176042 AB - Exposure to certain organophosphates (OPs) produces a delayed degeneration of the longest and largest nerve fibers (OPIDN). Until recently, investigators have used the chicken as the primary experimental model of OPIDN. Although the chicken is extremely sensitive to the ataxia associated with this neuropathy, it lacks an extensive biochemical, electrophysiological and pathological data-base. Because of this we set out to develop a rodent model of OPIDN with morphological and biochemical correlates similar to those seen in the chicken. Historically the rat had been labeled insensitive to OPIDN because of its lack of demonstrable ataxia in response to the neuropathic OPs. This paper describes the validation of a rodent model with biochemical and morphological endpoints similar to those described in the clinical and experimental literature for other models of OPIDN. JF - Toxicology and industrial health AU - Padilla, S AU - Veronesi, B AD - Neurotoxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1988/09// PY - 1988 DA - September 1988 SP - 361 EP - 371 VL - 4 IS - 3 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Organophosphorus Compounds KW - Phosphites KW - triphenyl phosphite KW - 9P45GRD24X KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats, Inbred Strains KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Organophosphorus Compounds -- toxicity KW - Male KW - Insecticides -- toxicity KW - Nerve Degeneration -- drug effects KW - Disease Models, Animal KW - Peripheral Nerves -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78477612?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.atitle=Biochemical+and+morphological+validation+of+a+rodent+model+of+organophosphorus-induced+delayed+neuropathy.&rft.au=Padilla%2C+S%3BVeronesi%2C+B&rft.aulast=Padilla&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1988-09-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=361&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1988-11-03 N1 - Date created - 1988-11-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Potential future requirements for immunotoxicology testing of pesticides. AN - 78477047; 3176044 AB - The thoughts presented above comprise a possible approach for revising Subdivision F guidelines with respect to testing of chemical pesticides as immunotoxicants. The main points of this report can be summarized as follows: 1. The tier system approach to Subdivision M guidelines allows for an effective screen (Tier I), and for in-depth (Tier II) evaluation of biochemical pesticides as immunotoxic agents. 2. Subchronic and chronic studies in Subdivision F guidelines can be modified to provide a more effective screen for evaluating the immunotoxic potential of chemical pesticides. 3. Addition to Subdivision F of studies to measure certain specific and non-specific cell-mediated immune responses might be considered appropriate for an immunotoxicity screen and, if included, would render Subdivision F data requirements analogous to those of Subdivision M. 4. When considered necessary, further studies can be done with chemical pesticides to provide sufficient data for an in-depth immunotoxicological risk evaluation. These studies would not necessarily be performed routinely (i.e., would not be included as data requirements in Subdivision F), but rather would be reserved for pesticides for which the immune system is shown to be a sensitive target of toxicity. JF - Toxicology and industrial health AU - Sjoblad, R D AD - Hazard Evaluation Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. 20460. Y1 - 1988/09// PY - 1988 DA - September 1988 SP - 391 EP - 395 VL - 4 IS - 3 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - Pesticides KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - Immune System -- drug effects KW - Toxicology -- standards KW - Toxicology -- methods KW - Pesticides -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78477047?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.atitle=Potential+future+requirements+for+immunotoxicology+testing+of+pesticides.&rft.au=Sjoblad%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Sjoblad&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1988-09-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=391&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1988-11-03 N1 - Date created - 1988-11-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pesticide sorption on geologic material of varying organic carbon content. AN - 78475815; 3255290 AB - Sorption of three pesticides on geologic material ranging in organic carbon content from 0.33 to 6.9 g kg-1 was measured in soil columns using a miscible displacement technique. An octanol-water partitioning model was shown to be inappropriate for predicting sorption of the less hydrophobic pesticides on the low organic carbon materials. JF - Toxicology and industrial health AU - Bouchard, D C AU - Wood, A L AD - Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Ada, Oklahoma 74820. Y1 - 1988/09// PY - 1988 DA - September 1988 SP - 341 EP - 349 VL - 4 IS - 3 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - Herbicides KW - 0 KW - Pesticides KW - Soil KW - Triazines KW - Diuron KW - 9I3SDS92WY KW - Atrazine KW - QJA9M5H4IM KW - hexazinone KW - Y51727MR1Y KW - Index Medicus KW - Geological Phenomena KW - Adsorption KW - Absorption KW - Geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78475815?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.atitle=Pesticide+sorption+on+geologic+material+of+varying+organic+carbon+content.&rft.au=Bouchard%2C+D+C%3BWood%2C+A+L&rft.aulast=Bouchard&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1988-09-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=341&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1988-11-03 N1 - Date created - 1988-11-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Erratum In: Toxicol Ind Health 1989 May;5(3):precedi N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Review of the Office of Pesticide Program's current toxicology guidelines for the testing of pesticides. AN - 78475785; 3176039 JF - Toxicology and industrial health AU - Engler, R AU - Quest, J A AD - Toxicology Branch, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. 20460. Y1 - 1988/09// PY - 1988 DA - September 1988 SP - 323 EP - 329 VL - 4 IS - 3 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - Mutagens KW - 0 KW - Pesticides KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Registries KW - Risk KW - Animals KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - Humans KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Toxicology -- methods KW - Pesticides -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78475785?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.atitle=Review+of+the+Office+of+Pesticide+Program%27s+current+toxicology+guidelines+for+the+testing+of+pesticides.&rft.au=Engler%2C+R%3BQuest%2C+J+A&rft.aulast=Engler&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1988-09-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=323&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1988-11-03 N1 - Date created - 1988-11-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of in vivo and in vitro methods for assessing the effects of carbon tetrachloride on the hepatic drug-metabolizing enzyme system. AN - 78467778; 2459810 AB - The effect of a single i.p. injection of 0, 20, 200, and 1000 microliter/kg carbon tetrachloride on the activity of the hepatic drug-metabolizing enzyme system was measured in the rat by a model substrate assay employing lindane (gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane) and by a battery of in vitro enzyme assays. The data in this study indicated that carbon tetrachloride had a biphasic influence on the phase I reactions with the lowest dose inducing a significant increase in enzyme activity while the highest dose produced significant inhibition. Significant CCl4-induced reductions in glucuronyltransferase and sulfotransferase activities were also observed while the effect on glutathione-S-transferase was ambiguous. The in vivo and in vitro assays showed good agreement. JF - Toxicology letters AU - Chadwick, R W AU - Copeland, M F AU - Carlson, G P AU - Trela, B A AU - Most, B M AD - Environmental Research Center, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1988/09// PY - 1988 DA - September 1988 SP - 309 EP - 316 VL - 42 IS - 3 SN - 0378-4274, 0378-4274 KW - Alcohols KW - 0 KW - Chlorophenols KW - Lindane KW - 59NEE7PCAB KW - Carbon Tetrachloride KW - CL2T97X0V0 KW - Glucuronosyltransferase KW - EC 2.4.1.17 KW - Sulfurtransferases KW - EC 2.8.1.- KW - Ethylmorphine KW - RWO67D87EU KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Ethylmorphine -- metabolism KW - Lindane -- metabolism KW - Chlorophenols -- metabolism KW - Sulfurtransferases -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Glucuronosyltransferase -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Rats KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Alcohols -- metabolism KW - Enzyme Induction -- drug effects KW - In Vitro Techniques KW - Female KW - Carbon Tetrachloride -- administration & dosage KW - Liver -- enzymology KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Carbon Tetrachloride -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78467778?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+letters&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+in+vivo+and+in+vitro+methods+for+assessing+the+effects+of+carbon+tetrachloride+on+the+hepatic+drug-metabolizing+enzyme+system.&rft.au=Chadwick%2C+R+W%3BCopeland%2C+M+F%3BCarlson%2C+G+P%3BTrela%2C+B+A%3BMost%2C+B+M&rft.aulast=Chadwick&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1988-09-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=309&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+letters&rft.issn=03784274&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1988-11-08 N1 - Date created - 1988-11-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimates of radiation dose and health risks to the United States population following the Chernobyl nuclear plant accident. AN - 78453701; 3170207 AB - Estimates of both individual and collective doses received by the United States population following the Chernobyl accident have been made by using the data obtained from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Environmental Radiation Ambient Monitoring System. Radionuclides associated with the debris first were measured in precipitation and surface air particulates at Portland, OR and Olympia, WA on 5 May 1986. Iodine-131 was the most consistently measured nuclide in all media, although several Cs and Ru isotopes also were observed. Strontium and any actinides notably were absent from the samples at the lower level of detection. The highest calculated individual-organ dose due to intake during May and June 1986 was 0.52 mSv to the infant thyroid in the state of Washington. This was predominantly (98%) from the ingestion of milk. The maximum U.S. collective dose equivalent to any organ was calculated to be 3,300 person-Sv to the thyroid. Risk estimates project three excess lung cancer deaths and an additional four deaths due to cancers of thyroid, breast and leukemia in the U.S. population over the next 45 y from exposure during the May-June 1986 interval. The only long-lived radionuclide measured in milk samples following the accident was 137Cs. We estimate 20 excess fatalities from the ingestion of 137Cs in milk during all subsequent years, with six of these due to lung cancer and the majority of the remainder distributed approximately equally among cancers of the thyroid, breast, liver and leukemia. A total of 100 excess fatalities from all dietary components was estimated. Because of the uncertainty of risk estimates from data such as those available for this study, all calculated values carry a range of uncertainty from a minimum of one-half the calculated value to a maximum of two times the calculated value. The estimated excess fatalities given above may be compared with corresponding projected cancer mortality from all other causes: 41,000 fatalities from thyroid cancer and 3,800,000 fatalities from lung cancer are estimated to occur within the U.S. population during the next 45 y. JF - Health physics AU - Broadway, J A AU - Smith, J M AU - Norwood, D L AU - Porter, C R AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Radiation Programs, Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility, Montgomery, AL 36109. Y1 - 1988/09// PY - 1988 DA - September 1988 SP - 533 EP - 539 VL - 55 IS - 3 SN - 0017-9078, 0017-9078 KW - Cesium Radioisotopes KW - 0 KW - Radioactive Fallout KW - Radioactive Pollutants KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Cesium Radioisotopes -- analysis KW - Animals KW - Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced -- etiology KW - Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Ukraine KW - Radioactive Pollutants -- analysis KW - Milk -- analysis KW - Radiation Dosage KW - Accidents KW - Radioactive Fallout -- analysis KW - Nuclear Reactors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78453701?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Health+physics&rft.atitle=Estimates+of+radiation+dose+and+health+risks+to+the+United+States+population+following+the+Chernobyl+nuclear+plant+accident.&rft.au=Broadway%2C+J+A%3BSmith%2C+J+M%3BNorwood%2C+D+L%3BPorter%2C+C+R&rft.aulast=Broadway&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1988-09-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=533&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Health+physics&rft.issn=00179078&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1988-11-02 N1 - Date created - 1988-11-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Developmental effects of maternal stress in the CD-1 mouse induced by restraint on single days during the period of major organogenesis. AN - 78400214; 3413801 AB - Maternal stress during gestation can produce significant fetal and/or postnatal effects, and can enhance the teratogenicity of other agents. We have previously shown that restraint stress on gestational day 8 in CD-1 mice produces significant increases in encephaloceles and supernumerary and fused ribs. In the present study we have examined the effects of stress induced by restraint on individual days during the period of major organogenesis (days 6-14). Weight loss and stress-induced analgesia as assessed by the tail-flick method were used to determine the degree of stress induced by a 12-h restraint period. Restrained animals lost significantly more weight and had longer tail-flick latencies than the concurrent food and water deprived controls on all gestational days. Significant increases in embryo/fetal mortality were also observed in the offspring of restrained animals. An increased incidence of supernumerary ribs was found in mice restrained on days 7 and 8. Since maternal toxicity induced by chemical teratogens may be accompanied by a general increase in maternal stress, our data suggest that such stress may be an etiological factor in teratology bioassays in which dose levels are sufficiently high to induce overt maternal toxicity. JF - Toxicology AU - Chernoff, N AU - Miller, D B AU - Rosen, M B AU - Mattscheck, C L AD - Health Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1988/09// PY - 1988 DA - September 1988 SP - 57 EP - 65 VL - 51 IS - 1 SN - 0300-483X, 0300-483X KW - Index Medicus KW - Body Weight KW - Animals KW - Restraint, Physical KW - Analgesia KW - Mice KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Stress, Physiological -- complications KW - Congenital Abnormalities -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78400214?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology&rft.atitle=Developmental+effects+of+maternal+stress+in+the+CD-1+mouse+induced+by+restraint+on+single+days+during+the+period+of+major+organogenesis.&rft.au=Chernoff%2C+N%3BMiller%2C+D+B%3BRosen%2C+M+B%3BMattscheck%2C+C+L&rft.aulast=Chernoff&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1988-09-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=57&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology&rft.issn=0300483X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1988-10-03 N1 - Date created - 1988-10-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ground Water Risk Management on Cape Cod: The Applicability of Geographic Information System Technology AN - 19061008; 8911941 AB - The Cape Cod Aquifer Management Project (CCAMP), a two year collaborative effort initiated by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), US Geological Survey (USGS), Massachusetts Dept. of Environmental Quality Engineering and the Cape Cod Planning and Economic Development Commission was charged with developing an integrated, resource-based approach to groundwater management. CCAMP searched for a method of compiling all significant factors needed to undertake a comprehensive analysis of the groundwater resource and its threats. CCAMP chose geographic information system (GIS) technology to undertake such an analysis and to demonstrate its applicability in groundwater management. The purposes of the demonstration were multi-faceted, including evaluation of its utility in groundwater risk management, identifying problems encountered in its application, and assessing transferability of the results. Scenarios for applying GIS to groundwater management were developed to identify data requirements, illustrate spatial relationships between wells and contaminant sources, analyze risks, and provide insights into management approaches. Scenarios included analyses at three scales study, a wellhead protection area in Barnstable, the Town of Eastham, and Cape Cod as a region. Management issues examined included siting of a new public water supply, inter-town management of a wellhead protection area, potential threats due to build out of zoning regulations, and ranking of threat posed by underground storage tanks and landfills. The professional presentation of GIS generated maps and the level of detail which can be attained minimize the margin of error which can be encorporated. Conclusions of the demonstration project focused on the critical need for accuracy in geographic and attribute data and the need for a strong scientific basis to support the analyses. The role GIS may play in groundwater management within state, regional and local governments is examined, including its potential to stimulate additional analysis because of its interactive capabilities and the ease with which refinements may be made. (See also W89-11916) (Author 's abstract) JF - Proceedings of the FOCUS Conference on Eastern Regional Ground Water Issues September 27-29, 1988, Stamford, Connecticut. National Water Well Association, Dublin, Ohio, 1988. p 427-461, 12 fig. AU - Steppacher, L AD - Environmental Protection Agency Boston, MA. Region I Y1 - 1988/09// PY - 1988 DA - Sep 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Water pollution prevention KW - Groundwater management KW - Groundwater quality KW - Cape Cod KW - Information systems KW - Geographic information systems KW - Data interpretation KW - Geohydrology KW - Simulation analysis KW - Aquifer management KW - Interagency cooperation KW - Geography KW - SW 2040:Groundwater management KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19061008?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Ground+Water+Risk+Management+on+Cape+Cod%3A+The+Applicability+of+Geographic+Information+System+Technology&rft.au=Steppacher%2C+L&rft.aulast=Steppacher&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1988-09-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cumulative Impacts on Wetlands: Linking Scientific Assessments and Regulatory Alternatives AN - 19055415; 8910771 AB - The conceptual overview and generic framework for evaluating cumulative effects on wetland functions is extended and applied to bottomland hardwood (BLH) forests of the southeastern United States. Present regulatory procedures are ineffective in preventing incremental forest loss because of the focus on permit-site evaluation, rather than on large landscapes. Spatial and temporal scales are of particular concern for landscape impact assessment. Linking technical information concerning cumulative effects on landscapes to the evaluation of cumulative impacts in regulatory programs (i.e., goal-setting) is a serious issue that can benefit from precedents found in the field of epidemiology, and in the establishment of clean air and clean water standards. Reference data sets must be developed, relating BLH function to structure (forest area). These can be used to set goals for individual watersheds, based on their present conditions and the magnitude and type of perceived development pressures. Thus the crucial steps in establishing a successful program appear to be (1) establish study unit boundaries, (2) assess the condition of study unit landscape integrity, (3) set goals, and (4) consider the impacts of permit proposals with both goals and the existing condition of the study unit landscape in mind. (See W89-10770 and W89-10772 thru W89-10783) (Author 's abstract) JF - Environmental Management EMNGDC Vol. 12, No. 5, p 591-602, September 1988. 9 fig, 1 tab, 24 ref. AU - Lee, L C AU - Gosselink, J G AD - Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC. Office of Wetlands Protection Y1 - 1988/09// PY - 1988 DA - Sep 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Wetlands KW - Management planning KW - Bottomland KW - Environmental effects KW - Regulations KW - Forests KW - Surveys KW - Permits KW - Legal aspects KW - Landscape functions KW - Data collections KW - Watershed management KW - SW 0850:Lakes KW - SW 4070:Ecological impact of water development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19055415?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Cumulative+Impacts+on+Wetlands%3A+Linking+Scientific+Assessments+and+Regulatory+Alternatives&rft.au=Lee%2C+L+C%3BGosselink%2C+J+G&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1988-09-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A cytogenetic comparison of the responses of mouse and human peripheral blood lymphocytes to 60Co gamma radiation. AN - 78380342; 3043538 AB - Experiments were conducted to compare the chromosome damaging effects of 60Co gamma radiation on mouse and human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs). Either whole blood or isolated and pelleted mononuclear leucocytes (MNLs) were irradiated with a 60Co unit to yield exposures of 1, 2, 3, or 4 Gy. In addition, mice were whole-body irradiated in vivo with the same doses so that an in vitro-in vivo comparison could be made. The results indicate that mouse PBLs irradiated in whole blood, whether in vivo or in vitro, respond similarly to 60Co gamma rays as measured by dicentric chromosome formation. In addition, mouse and human PBLs showed a similar radiosensitivity, but because the mouse PBL data were best fitted to an exponential function and the human PBL data to a quadratic function, direct comparisons were difficult to make. Pelleted MNLs from mice were much less sensitive to the clastogenic effects of gamma radiation than whole blood. This is believed to be due to hypoxic conditions that developed during irradiation and transport. Human PBLs did not show a marked difference whether irradiated in whole blood or as pelleted MNLs in tissue culture medium. JF - Radiation research AU - Kligerman, A D AU - Halperin, E C AU - Erexson, G L AU - Honoré, G AU - Westbrook-Collins, B AU - Allen, J W AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Genetic Toxicology Division, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1988/08// PY - 1988 DA - August 1988 SP - 334 EP - 346 VL - 115 IS - 2 SN - 0033-7587, 0033-7587 KW - Cobalt Radioisotopes KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Space life sciences KW - Animals KW - Histological Techniques KW - Gamma Rays KW - Humans KW - Blood -- radiation effects KW - Mice KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Adult KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Middle Aged KW - Species Specificity KW - Male KW - Leukocytes, Mononuclear -- radiation effects KW - Radiation Tolerance KW - Leukocytes, Mononuclear -- cytology KW - Chromosomes -- radiation effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78380342?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radiation+research&rft.atitle=A+cytogenetic+comparison+of+the+responses+of+mouse+and+human+peripheral+blood+lymphocytes+to+60Co+gamma+radiation.&rft.au=Kligerman%2C+A+D%3BHalperin%2C+E+C%3BErexson%2C+G+L%3BHonor%C3%A9%2C+G%3BWestbrook-Collins%2C+B%3BAllen%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Kligerman&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1988-08-01&rft.volume=115&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=334&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Radiation+research&rft.issn=00337587&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1988-09-16 N1 - Date created - 1988-09-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Synaptonemal complex damage in relation to meiotic chromosome aberrations after exposure of male mice to cyclophosphamide. AN - 78353390; 3405237 AB - The genetic implications of induced synaptonemal complex (SC) damage are not known. However, on theoretical grounds, such aberrations could be involved in mechanisms leading to potentially heritable defects. Cyclophosphamide (CP), a chemical reported to cause structural and numerical chromosomal aberrations in the mouse, was used to determine if SC damage observed in meiotic prophase is related to subsequent metaphase chromosomal aberrations. Male mice were injected i.p. with CP. In some instances, mice were also injected simultaneously with tritiated thymidine to label DNA so that cells could be tracked autoradiographically through spermatogenesis. Prophase, primary metaphase (M1), and secondary metaphase (M2) samples were sequentially harvested at appropriate times from the same individual, and nuclei were examined for aberrations. Correlation coefficients between SC and metaphase chromosome aberrations were calculated. The inclusion of tritium labeling increased the number and significance of positive correlations. Positive correlations were found between (1) dose-dependent total SC damage and damage to M1, and to a lesser extent, M2 chromosomes; (2) SC breaks/fragments and M1 chains/rings as well as isochromatid breaks/fragments; (3) SC asynapsis and M1 chromatid breaks/fragments; (4) SC multi-axial configurations and M1 chains/rings as well as isochromatid and chromatid breaks/fragments; and (5) SC multi-axial configurations and M2 hyperploidy. These correlations do not define mechanistic or causal relationships between SC and chromosomal damage. However, taken together with the observation that induced SC damage is many times greater than ensuing metaphase chromosome damage, they substantiate SC analysis as a highly sensitive indicator of potentially heritable effects of this (and presumably other) genotoxic agents. JF - Mutation research AU - Backer, L C AU - Gibson, J B AU - Moses, M J AU - Allen, J W AD - Health Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1988/08// PY - 1988 DA - August 1988 SP - 317 EP - 330 VL - 203 IS - 4 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Tritium KW - 10028-17-8 KW - Cyclophosphamide KW - 8N3DW7272P KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Aneuploidy KW - Tritium -- metabolism KW - Metaphase -- drug effects KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Mice KW - Autoradiography KW - Prophase -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Synaptonemal Complex -- drug effects KW - Meiosis -- drug effects KW - Chromosome Aberrations KW - Cyclophosphamide -- toxicity KW - Spermatogenesis -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78353390?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Synaptonemal+complex+damage+in+relation+to+meiotic+chromosome+aberrations+after+exposure+of+male+mice+to+cyclophosphamide.&rft.au=Backer%2C+L+C%3BGibson%2C+J+B%3BMoses%2C+M+J%3BAllen%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Backer&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1988-08-01&rft.volume=203&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=317&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1988-09-20 N1 - Date created - 1988-09-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Electrophysiological and morphological evidence for a diameter-based innervation pattern of the superior colliculus. AN - 78346934; 3396638 AB - Neurophysiological and morphological techniques were used to describe changes in the optic tract and superior colliculus (SC) in response to unilateral enucleation. Long-Evans, male (greater than 250 g) rats were implanted with chronic bipolar stimulating electrodes located in the optic chiasm and a recording electrode located below the stratum griseum superficiale (SGS) and referenced to a skull screw electrode. In rats with satisfactory electrode placements (n = 15), peaks corresponding to rapidly conducting presynaptic activity (Pre), rapidly conducting postsynaptic activity (N1), and slowly conducting postsynaptic activity (P3) were identified according to peak latency, polarity, stimulation threshold, and resistance to 100-Hz stimulation. These peaks diminished differentially over a 7 day (D1-7) postenucleation period. Those peaks reflecting rapidly conducting axons (i.e., Pre, N1) decayed by D2, whereas those reflecting slowly conducting axons (i.e., P3) persisted until D4 and decayed completely by D7. In a separate set of enucleated rats (n = 25), the progression of degeneration in the SC was outlined morphologically from D1-7 using both light and electron microscopy. Light microscopy of semithin epoxy sections indicated that degenerative changes, consisting largely of swollen axons and myelin debris, appeared first in the upper stratum opticum (SO) and lower SGS on D1,2, progressed upward throughout the middle SGS by D4, and finally involved the entire SGS and lower stratum zonale (SZ) by D5-7. Electron microscopy, however, indicated that although degenerated terminals were seen in the lower SGS, at (D1,2), the majority of degenerated synapses were restricted to the upper SGS at the later time points. Coupled with the electrophysiological data, these observations indicate that within the SGS, early degenerating, large diameter optic nerve fibers terminate below slower degenerating, smaller diameter fibers. JF - Experimental neurology AU - Boyes, W K AU - Veronesi, B AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Neurotoxicology Division, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1988/08// PY - 1988 DA - August 1988 SP - 190 EP - 207 VL - 101 IS - 2 SN - 0014-4886, 0014-4886 KW - Index Medicus KW - Nerve Degeneration KW - Animals KW - Wallerian Degeneration KW - Evoked Potentials KW - Microscopy, Electron KW - Ocular Physiological Phenomena KW - Electrophysiology KW - Time Factors KW - Superior Colliculi -- ultrastructure KW - Superior Colliculi -- anatomy & histology KW - Superior Colliculi -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78346934?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Experimental+neurology&rft.atitle=Electrophysiological+and+morphological+evidence+for+a+diameter-based+innervation+pattern+of+the+superior+colliculus.&rft.au=Boyes%2C+W+K%3BVeronesi%2C+B&rft.aulast=Boyes&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1988-08-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=190&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Experimental+neurology&rft.issn=00144886&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1988-09-07 N1 - Date created - 1988-09-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Morphometric and electrophysiological evidence for a diameter-based rate of degeneration in the optic nerve of the rat. AN - 78346895; 3396637 AB - The diameter-based rate of degeneration in the rat's optic nerve was examined using coordinated morphological and electrophysiological techniques. Long-Evans, male rats were implanted with indwelling stimulating electrodes in the optic chiasm and recording electrodes in the stratum opticum of the superior colliculus. After 1 week, unilateral enucleation was performed with the unoperated side serving as the control. Electrically evoked recordings, obtained on the day of enucleation (D0), displayed three distinct peaks, Pre, N1 and P3, with peak latencies of 1.22, 2.22, and 4.04 ms, respectively. In a parallel set of rats, morphological analysis of the optic nerve over D1-7 was performed. Electron micrographs were taken of cross sections of the entire optic nerve from both the enucleated and unoperated (i.e., control) side. Computer-linked morphometric analysis of the ultrastructurally normal axons from each nerve was assembled in three-dimensional, diameter-based histograms at each time point. The control population consisted of axons with diameters ranging from less than 0.5-5.0 microns with a modal peak of 1.5 micron and a well developed tail in the 3.5-5.0 microns range. By D1,2, a selective loss of large diameter (greater than 3.5 microns) axons occurred in the optic nerve, with medium diameter (2.0-3.5 microns) axons degenerating at D4 and smaller diameter populations (less than 2.0 microns) persisting until later time points (D5-7). A linear regression analysis showed an exponential rate of degeneration which was a direct function of axonal diameter. In summary, this study demonstrates that the fiber population of the optic nerve is separable electrophysiologically and by its rate of degeneration, with larger diameter fibers degenerating faster in response to transection. JF - Experimental neurology AU - Veronesi, B AU - Boyes, W K AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Neurotoxicology Division, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1988/08// PY - 1988 DA - August 1988 SP - 176 EP - 189 VL - 101 IS - 2 SN - 0014-4886, 0014-4886 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats, Inbred Strains KW - Rats KW - Myelin Sheath -- ultrastructure KW - Animals KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Evoked Potentials KW - Axons -- ultrastructure KW - Microscopy, Electron KW - Ocular Physiological Phenomena KW - Electrophysiology KW - Electric Stimulation KW - Male KW - Nerve Degeneration KW - Nerve Fibers -- anatomy & histology KW - Optic Nerve -- ultrastructure KW - Nerve Fibers -- ultrastructure KW - Optic Nerve -- physiology KW - Optic Nerve -- anatomy & histology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78346895?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Experimental+neurology&rft.atitle=Morphometric+and+electrophysiological+evidence+for+a+diameter-based+rate+of+degeneration+in+the+optic+nerve+of+the+rat.&rft.au=Veronesi%2C+B%3BBoyes%2C+W+K&rft.aulast=Veronesi&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1988-08-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=176&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Experimental+neurology&rft.issn=00144886&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1988-09-07 N1 - Date created - 1988-09-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - GAC Treatment Cost Experience at Two Drinking Water Utilities AN - 19062485; 8900495 AB - Because of extensive interest in the use of granular activated carbon (GAC) for drinking-water treatment, the EPA 's Drinking Water Research Division sponsored several field-scale research projects to demonstrate its use. Two of these projects, one at the Cincinnati (OH) Water Works and the other at the Manchester (NH) Water Works, yielded extensive information on capital and operating costs. Both projects utilized fluid-bed reactivation, and deep-bed contactors were constructed at Cincinnati. It was found that fluid-bed reactivation represented approximately 30% of the capital costs and 70% of the operations and maintenance costs. Carbon-loss rates ranged from about 11 to 23% and represented the largest individual cost item in the GAC-reactivation system. In cooperation with three smaller utilities, regional reactivation was studied at Manchester; regionalization was found to be cost-effective for these systems. (Author 's abstract) JF - Journal of Environmental Engineering (ASCE) JOEDDU Vol. 114, No. 4, p 944-961, August 1988. 10 tab, 5 ref. AU - Adams, J Q AU - Clark, R M AU - Lykins, B W AU - DeMarco, J AU - Kittredge, D AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH. Drinking Water Research Div Y1 - 1988/08// PY - 1988 DA - Aug 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Water treatment KW - Activated carbon KW - Capital costs KW - Operating costs KW - Water treatment facilities KW - Utilities KW - Field tests KW - Reactivation KW - Maintenance costs KW - Cincinnati KW - Ohio KW - Manchester KW - New Hampshire KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19062485?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=GAC+Treatment+Cost+Experience+at+Two+Drinking+Water+Utilities&rft.au=Adams%2C+J+Q%3BClark%2C+R+M%3BLykins%2C+B+W%3BDeMarco%2C+J%3BKittredge%2C+D&rft.aulast=Adams&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1988-08-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Stream Chemistry in the Southern Blue Ridge: Feasibility of a Regional Synoptic Sampling Approach AN - 19053421; 8905272 AB - A pilot study, which was conducted in the Southern Blue Ridge geographical province of the Southwestern U.S., demonstrated the feasibility of a probability-based regional synoptic design for the National Stream Survey, which is a project aimed at estimating the number and percentage of streams in various regions of the U.S. that are acidic or at risk from acid deposition. Estimated population distributions for key chemical variables were not appreciably affected by week-to-week variability in stream chemistry during the spring index period chosen for the study. Differences were observed in estimated acid neutralizing capacity (ANC), nitrate, and pH frequency distributions between spring and summer. Observations made at the downstream node did not represent the chemistry of the entire reach for some variables (ANC and nitrate) as indicated by differences in chemical concentrations between upstream and downstream sampling locations. Coefficients of variation in chemical species were low enough to provide a reasonably stable classification of streams based on ANC. Although median ANC, sulfate, and nitrate concentrations were quite low in the region , the probability of finding streams with pH < 6.3 is less than 1.3% at the alpha = 0.05 confidence level. (Author 's abstract) JF - Water Resources Bulletin WARBAQ Vol. 24, No. 4, p 821-829, August 1988. 6 fig, 2 tab, 21 ref. U.S. DOE Contract No. DE-AC05-840R21400. AU - Messer, J J AU - Ariss, C W AU - Baker, J R AU - Drouse, S K AU - Eshleman, K N AD - Environmental Protection Agency Research Triangle Park, NC Y1 - 1988/08// PY - 1988 DA - Aug 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Network design KW - Data acquisition KW - Water pollution sources KW - Streams KW - Hydrogen ion concentration KW - Acid rain KW - Feasibility studies KW - Stream pollution KW - Synoptic Analysis KW - Project planning KW - Acidic water KW - Seasonal variation KW - Chemical properties KW - Nitrates KW - Sulfates KW - SW 5010:Network design KW - SW 3010:Identification of pollutants KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19053421?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Stream+Chemistry+in+the+Southern+Blue+Ridge%3A+Feasibility+of+a+Regional+Synoptic+Sampling+Approach&rft.au=Messer%2C+J+J%3BAriss%2C+C+W%3BBaker%2C+J+R%3BDrouse%2C+S+K%3BEshleman%2C+K+N&rft.aulast=Messer&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1988-08-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Contaminant Propagation in Distribution Systems AN - 19052733; 8900494 AB - In order to study the factors that cause water-quality variations in drinking-water distribution systems, the Drinking Water Research Division of the EPA initiated a cooperative agreement with the North Penn Water Authority, Lansdale, PA. This agreement resulted in a series of field-monitoring and systems-modeling studies that provided insight into the movement of contaminants in distribution systems. Previous studies had developed a steady-state model, a quasi-steady-state model, and a dynamic model that provided useful approaches to modeling the general propagation of contaminants in distribution systems. The steady-state model was used to examine the actual pathways of water flow, the time of passage, and percentage of water that flows from a given source to a given node in a distribution system. The contaminant-propagation technique developed from this extension of the steady-state model provided a useful technique for analyzing many of the factors that affect water quality in a distribution system. Moreover, this research pointed out the importance of adequate hydraulic modeling of the systems being studied and the importance of field studies in verifying system performance. The approach suggested in this study provides useful insight into the water-quality variations that may impact consumers at the tap and the development of time- and spatially-sensitive monitoring strategies. (Author 's abstract) JF - Journal of Environmental Engineering (ASCE) JOEDDU Vol. 114, No. 4, p 929-943, August 1988. 9 fig, 1 tab, 12 ref. AU - Clark, R M AU - Grayman, WM AU - Males, R M AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH. Office of Research and Development Y1 - 1988/08// PY - 1988 DA - Aug 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Water distribution KW - Path of pollutants KW - Water mains KW - Water quality KW - Drinking water KW - Interagency cooperation KW - Model studies KW - Hydraulic models KW - Water users KW - Pennsylvania KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19052733?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Contaminant+Propagation+in+Distribution+Systems&rft.au=Clark%2C+R+M%3BGrayman%2C+WM%3BMales%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1988-08-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Untargeted viral mutagenesis is not found in X-irradiated monkey cells. AN - 78606620; 2850445 AB - The existence of untargeted viral mutagenesis in X-irradiated cells was investigated in a mammalian virus/cell system, where a low level of such viral mutagenesis can be demonstrated in UV-irradiated cells. In the positive control experiment UV-elicited mutagenesis was shown with cell exposures of 5, 10 and 15 J/m2 and a delay of 24 h between cell irradiation and infection with unirradiated herpes simplex virus. Although X-ray doses of 1, 3 and 10 Gy elicit enhanced reactivation of UV-irradiated virus, no untargeted mutagenesis for any X-ray dose at post-irradiation infection times of 0, 24 or 72 h was observed in this study. Thus untargeted mutagenesis of herpes simplex virus was not demonstrated in X-irradiated monkey cells, under conditions where X-ray-enhanced reactivation occurs and where untargeted mutagenesis in UV-irradiated cells occurs. JF - Mutagenesis AU - Lytle, C D AU - Carney, P G AU - Lee, W AU - Bushar, H F AD - Office of Science and Technology, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, FDA, Rockville, MD 20857. Y1 - 1988/07// PY - 1988 DA - July 1988 SP - 297 EP - 298 VL - 3 IS - 4 SN - 0267-8357, 0267-8357 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - X-Rays KW - Ultraviolet Rays KW - Cercopithecus aethiops KW - Kidney KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation KW - Cell Line KW - Simplexvirus -- genetics KW - Mutation KW - Cell Transformation, Viral -- radiation effects KW - Simplexvirus -- radiation effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78606620?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Untargeted+viral+mutagenesis+is+not+found+in+X-irradiated+monkey+cells.&rft.au=Lytle%2C+C+D%3BCarney%2C+P+G%3BLee%2C+W%3BBushar%2C+H+F&rft.aulast=Lytle&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1988-07-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=297&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutagenesis&rft.issn=02678357&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-02-22 N1 - Date created - 1989-02-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of effects of ozone exposure on influenza infection in mice using several indicators of susceptibility. AN - 78605571; 3209012 AB - Mice were exposed to 1 ppm O3, 3 hr/day, for 5 consecutive days. Separate groups of mice were infected with influenza following each of the individual exposures. A twofold increase in the incidence of mortality and a 3-day decrease in mean survival time were observed in mice infected after the second exposure. There were no effects on percentage mortality or mean survival time due to exposure to 1 ppm O3 in mice infected after the first, third, fourth, or fifth exposure. When the exposure concentration was lowered to 0.5 ppm, there were no effects on mortality in mice infected after the second exposure. Five, daily, 3-hr exposures to 1 ppm O3 had no effect on virus titers in the lungs of mice infected after either the second or fifth exposure. In contrast, wet lung weights were significantly enhanced over infected air controls in mice infected after the second O3 exposure at both 1 and 0.5 ppm but not at 0.25 ppm exposure concentrations. This effect on lung wet weight was observed in mice infected with a dose of virus which produced 7-33% mortality in controls as well as in mice infected with a sublethal dose of virus. Histopathologic changes due to sublethal influenza infection, including nonsuppurative pneumonitis and necrosis, squamous metaplasia and hyperplasia of the epithelium lining the bronchi and bronchioles, were more severe in mice infected after the second of five, 1 ppm O3 exposure than in comparable air controls. Sublethal infection caused a loss of lung volume with secondary reduction in diffusing capability and homogenity of ventilation distribution. These latter two effects were also exacerbated in mice infected after the second of five, 1 ppm O3 exposures as compared to air controls. When mice were infected after the fifth, 1 ppm O3 exposure, there was no effect due to ozone on either lung wet weight or histopathology. The data indicate that O3 has little if any effect on antiviral defense mechanisms since virus titers in the lungs were not affected by O3 exposure. However, mortality and morbidity, as indicated by lung wet weights, histopathology, and pulmonary function changes, were enhanced by O3 exposure in mice infected after the second of five exposures suggesting that symptoms due to infection can be enhanced in the absence of enhanced virus replication, possibly due to synergistic effects of O3 and virus in production of lung pathology.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) JF - Fundamental and applied toxicology : official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Selgrade, M K AU - Illing, J W AU - Starnes, D M AU - Stead, A G AU - Ménache, M G AU - Stevens, M A AD - Inhalation Toxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1988/07// PY - 1988 DA - July 1988 SP - 169 EP - 180 VL - 11 IS - 1 SN - 0272-0590, 0272-0590 KW - Ozone KW - 66H7ZZK23N KW - Index Medicus KW - Respiratory Function Tests KW - Animals KW - Disease Susceptibility KW - Mice KW - Lung -- pathology KW - Lung -- physiopathology KW - Female KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Orthomyxoviridae Infections -- physiopathology KW - Orthomyxoviridae Infections -- pathology KW - Ozone -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78605571?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fundamental+and+applied+toxicology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+effects+of+ozone+exposure+on+influenza+infection+in+mice+using+several+indicators+of+susceptibility.&rft.au=Selgrade%2C+M+K%3BIlling%2C+J+W%3BStarnes%2C+D+M%3BStead%2C+A+G%3BM%C3%A9nache%2C+M+G%3BStevens%2C+M+A&rft.aulast=Selgrade&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1988-07-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=169&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fundamental+and+applied+toxicology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=02720590&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-02-21 N1 - Date created - 1989-02-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental semivolatiles and nonvolatiles analysis by hyphenated spectral techniques. AN - 78410231; 3417837 AB - Environmental sample extracts contain a variety of volatile and nonvolatile organic compounds exhibiting a range of polarities and concentrations. Although gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) is the method of choice thus far for such analyses, this technique used alone cannot adequately characterize the volatiles in such samples and is not amenable to environmental nonvolatiles. A more complete characterization of environmental and hazardous waste samples is required to assess the dangers posed to the nation's groundwater by hazardous waste dumps. Online spectral confirmation by directly linked GC/Fourier transform infrared (FTIR)/MS is shown to provide useful structural information on environmental volatiles in hazardous wastes, even when the analyte's spectrum is not in either spectral database. This information can lead to biological-hazard estimation. The diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared (DRIFT) technique, used in conjunction with thermospray MS or fast atom bombardment (FAB) MS, provides confirmed identifications or confirmed compound class assignments of organic nonvolatiles in solid wastes. This is believed to be the first report of spectral confirmation (identification or functionality) of organic volatiles and nonvolatiles in environmental samples. JF - Journal of chromatographic science AU - Gurka, D F AU - Betowski, L D AU - Jones, T L AU - Pyle, S M AU - Titus, R AU - Ballard, J M AU - Tondeur, Y AU - Niederhut, W AD - Quality Assurance and Methods Development Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Las Vegas, Nevada 89114. Y1 - 1988/07// PY - 1988 DA - July 1988 SP - 301 EP - 309 VL - 26 IS - 7 SN - 0021-9665, 0021-9665 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Herbicides KW - Index Medicus KW - Spectrophotometry, Infrared KW - Mass Spectrometry KW - Herbicides -- analysis KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Air Pollutants -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78410231?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+chromatographic+science&rft.atitle=Environmental+semivolatiles+and+nonvolatiles+analysis+by+hyphenated+spectral+techniques.&rft.au=Gurka%2C+D+F%3BBetowski%2C+L+D%3BJones%2C+T+L%3BPyle%2C+S+M%3BTitus%2C+R%3BBallard%2C+J+M%3BTondeur%2C+Y%3BNiederhut%2C+W&rft.aulast=Gurka&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1988-07-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=301&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+chromatographic+science&rft.issn=00219665&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1988-10-26 N1 - Date created - 1988-10-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The usefulness of cholinesterase measurements. AN - 78395892; 3411723 JF - Journal of wildlife diseases AU - Fairbrother, A AU - Bennett, J K AD - U.S. EPA Corvallis Environmental Research Laboratory, Oregon 97333. Y1 - 1988/07// PY - 1988 DA - July 1988 SP - 587 EP - 593 VL - 24 IS - 3 SN - 0090-3558, 0090-3558 KW - Carbamates KW - 0 KW - Insecticides KW - Organophosphorus Compounds KW - Cholinesterases KW - EC 3.1.1.8 KW - Index Medicus KW - Brain -- enzymology KW - Animals KW - Reference Values KW - Toxicology -- standards KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Toxicology -- methods KW - Birds KW - Insecticides -- pharmacology KW - Cholinesterases -- metabolism KW - Animals, Wild -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78395892?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+wildlife+diseases&rft.atitle=The+usefulness+of+cholinesterase+measurements.&rft.au=Fairbrother%2C+A%3BBennett%2C+J+K&rft.aulast=Fairbrother&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1988-07-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=587&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+wildlife+diseases&rft.issn=00903558&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1988-10-03 N1 - Date created - 1988-10-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acute exposure of the neonatal rat to tributyltin results in decreases in biochemical indicators of synaptogenesis and myelinogenesis. AN - 78316777; 3392662 AB - Assays of neuron-localized (neurotypic) and glia-localized (gliotypic) proteins were used to detect and characterize the toxic effects of tributyltin (TBT) on the developing rat central nervous system. Four proteins associated with specific aspects of neuronal and glial development were evaluated: 1) p38, a synaptic vesicle-associated protein; 2) neurofilament 200, an intermediate filament protein of the neuronal cytoskeleton; 3) myelin basic protein, an oligodendroglia and myelin-sheath associated protein; and 4) glial fibrillary acidic protein, an intermediate filament protein of astrocytes. On postnatal days 13, 22 and 60, the amount of each protein in homogenates of cerebellum, forebrain and hippocampus was determined by radioimmunoassay. A single administration of TBT (2, 3 or 4 mg/kg i.p.) on postnatal day 5 caused dose- and region-dependent decreases in brain weight with the cerebellum being most affected. These decrements were not associated with light microscopic evidence of altered brain development (on postnatal day 61) but were accompanied by large dose- and region-dependent decreases in p38 and myelin basic protein. Decrements in both the per tissue (total) and per milligram of tissue protein (concentration) values for these proteins were observed in cerebellum and forebrain; hippocampus was largely unaffected. TBT-induced reductions in p38 and myelin basic protein were seen at dosages that did not affect brain, thymus or body weight. At dosages of TBT that did not affect body weight, reductions in brain weight, p 38 and myelin basic protein did not persist into adulthood. The data indicate that exposure to TBT on postnatal day 5 is toxic to the developing nervous system.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics AU - O'Callaghan, J P AU - Miller, D B AD - Neurotoxicology Division, Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. Y1 - 1988/07// PY - 1988 DA - July 1988 SP - 394 EP - 402 VL - 246 IS - 1 SN - 0022-3565, 0022-3565 KW - Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein KW - 0 KW - Myelin Proteins KW - Trialkyltin Compounds KW - tributyltin KW - 4XDX163P3D KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Myelin Proteins -- analysis KW - Animals KW - Brain -- drug effects KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein -- analysis KW - Spleen -- drug effects KW - Radioimmunoassay KW - Thymus Gland -- drug effects KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Animals, Newborn KW - Synapses -- physiology KW - Myelin Sheath -- physiology KW - Synapses -- drug effects KW - Myelin Sheath -- drug effects KW - Trialkyltin Compounds -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78316777?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+pharmacology+and+experimental+therapeutics&rft.atitle=Acute+exposure+of+the+neonatal+rat+to+tributyltin+results+in+decreases+in+biochemical+indicators+of+synaptogenesis+and+myelinogenesis.&rft.au=O%27Callaghan%2C+J+P%3BMiller%2C+D+B&rft.aulast=O%27Callaghan&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1988-07-01&rft.volume=246&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=394&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+pharmacology+and+experimental+therapeutics&rft.issn=00223565&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1988-08-17 N1 - Date created - 1988-08-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Standard measurement techniques and strategies for indoor 222Rn measurements. AN - 78307461; 3292460 JF - Health physics AU - Ronca-Battista, M AU - Magno, P AU - Nyberg, P C AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC 20460. Y1 - 1988/07// PY - 1988 DA - July 1988 SP - 67 EP - 69 VL - 55 IS - 1 SN - 0017-9078, 0017-9078 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Air Pollutants, Radioactive KW - Radon KW - Q74S4N8N1G KW - Index Medicus KW - Housing KW - Radon -- analysis KW - Air Pollutants, Radioactive -- analysis KW - Air Pollutants -- analysis KW - Radiometry -- methods KW - Radiometry -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78307461?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Health+physics&rft.atitle=Standard+measurement+techniques+and+strategies+for+indoor+222Rn+measurements.&rft.au=Ronca-Battista%2C+M%3BMagno%2C+P%3BNyberg%2C+P+C&rft.aulast=Ronca-Battista&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1988-07-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=67&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Health+physics&rft.issn=00179078&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1988-08-24 N1 - Date created - 1988-08-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Health Phys. 1989 Nov;57(5):842-4 [2592223] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of fish kills and associated water quality conditions in the Trinity River, Texas; II, Results of Phase I studies, 1985-86 AN - 51523376; 2006-088558 JF - LP - Texas Water Commission AU - Davis, Jack R AU - Bastian, Michael V Y1 - 1988/07// PY - 1988 DA - July 1988 SP - 199 PB - Texas Water Commission, [Austin, TX] KW - United States KW - hydrology KW - water quality KW - experimental studies KW - Chordata KW - stream sediments KW - surface water KW - rivers and streams KW - pollution KW - Texas KW - environmental analysis KW - Pisces KW - laboratory studies KW - Trinity River KW - toxicity KW - sediments KW - Vertebrata KW - water pollution KW - fluvial environment KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51523376?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/GeoRef&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Davis%2C+Jack+R%3BBastian%2C+Michael+V&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Jack&rft.date=1988-07-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Analysis+of+fish+kills+and+associated+water+quality+conditions+in+the+Trinity+River%2C+Texas%3B+II%2C+Results+of+Phase+I+studies%2C+1985-86&rft.title=Analysis+of+fish+kills+and+associated+water+quality+conditions+in+the+Trinity+River%2C+Texas%3B+II%2C+Results+of+Phase+I+studies%2C+1985-86&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2006-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 57 N1 - PubXState - TX] N1 - SuppNotes - Includes 2 appendices N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03458 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chordata; environmental analysis; experimental studies; fluvial environment; hydrology; laboratory studies; Pisces; pollution; rivers and streams; sediments; stream sediments; surface water; Texas; toxicity; Trinity River; United States; Vertebrata; water pollution; water quality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occurrence of Radon, Radium, and Uranium in Groundwater AN - 19060145; 8901108 AB - Radionuclides were determined in 1000 groundwater supplies during a survey, National Inorganics and Radionuclides Survey, authorized by the EPA. Radionuclides of interest were radon, radium 226 and 228, and uranium. Water supplies serving four population categories were targeted for sampling: very small (25-500); small (501-3300); medium (3301-10,000); and large/very large (10,001-100,000). Radon activity exceeded the minimum reporting level (MRL) of 100 pCi/liter at 71.9% of the sites. The population-weighted averages for radon were 194 pCi/liter for sites serving >1000 people; 602 pCi/liter for those serving 5 pCi/liter. The MRL of 1 pCi/liter for Ra-228 was exceeded at 11.9% of the sites, with the maximum of 12.1 pCi/liter. About 0.8% of the Ra-228 values exceeded 1.0 pCi/liter; 1.7% exceeded 3.0 pCi/liter. Uranium occurred at a mean value of 1.86 microgram/liter; maximum, 88.2 microgram/liter. The percentage of sites with concentrations greater than the MRL of 0.08 microgram/liter was 72.2%. The percentage of sites with U concentrations >10 microgram/liter was 3.17. (Cassar-PTT) JF - Journal of the American Water Works Association JAWWA5 Vol. 80, No. 7, p 84-93, July 1988. 8 fig, 12 tab, 7 ref. AU - Longtin, J P AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH Y1 - 1988/07// PY - 1988 DA - Jul 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - United States KW - Water pollution sources KW - Groundwater pollution KW - Radium radioisotopes KW - Radon radioisotopes KW - Uranium radioisotopes KW - National Inorganics and Radionuclides Survey KW - Hydrologic data collections KW - SW 5080:Evaluation, processing and publication KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - SW 0840:Groundwater UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19060145?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Occurrence+of+Radon%2C+Radium%2C+and+Uranium+in+Groundwater&rft.au=Longtin%2C+J+P&rft.aulast=Longtin&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1988-07-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Role of Economic Benefits Analysis in Funding Marine Combined Sewer Overflow Projects - Case Study of Boston Harbor AN - 19048947; 8901132 AB - An economic benefit-cost analysis of combined sewer overflow control projects was conducted for four areas in the Boston Harbor. Benefit categories included swimming, swimming-related health effects and shellfishing. A conditional, multinomial logit choice model was used to estimate demand for beach/swimming recreation under differing water quality conditions. Annual values of additional shellfish harvest corresponding to sewer overflow controls were estimated. The health benefit category considered the reduction in the incidence of gastroenteritis per 1000 swimmers. Benefit-cost results proved to be commensurable in three out of the four projects. (Author 's abstract) JF - Journal - Water Pollution Control Federation JWPFA5 Vol. 60, No. 7, p 1275-1280, July 1988. 2 fig, 6 tab, 7 ref. AU - Caulkins, P AU - Binkley, C AU - Ruf, C AU - Miller, C AD - Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC Y1 - 1988/07// PY - 1988 DA - Jul 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Combined sewers overflows KW - Cost-benefit analysis KW - Water pollution prevention KW - Boston Harbor KW - Storm sewers KW - Cost analysis KW - Benefits KW - Swimming KW - Shellfish KW - SW 3050:Ultimate disposal of wastes KW - SW 4030:Cost allocation, cost sharing, pricing KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19048947?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Role+of+Economic+Benefits+Analysis+in+Funding+Marine+Combined+Sewer+Overflow+Projects+-+Case+Study+of+Boston+Harbor&rft.au=Caulkins%2C+P%3BBinkley%2C+C%3BRuf%2C+C%3BMiller%2C+C&rft.aulast=Caulkins&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1988-07-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The significance of the dilated renal pelvis in the nitrofen-exposed rat fetus: effects on morphology and function. AN - 78293387; 3388425 AB - Previously (R. J. Kavlock, B. F. Rehnberg, and E. H. Rogers, 1987, Teratology 36, 51-58) we reported that gestational exposure of rats to adriamycin induced alterations in development of the fetal renal papilla that persisted postnatally. The morphological effect was associated with functional deficits in neonatal animals as seen by their performance during a test of renal concentrating ability in the second postnatal week. In the present study, we utilized an experimental approach similar to that in the adriamycin study to evaluate the fate of the dilated renal pelvis that is induced in fetal rats following prenatal exposure to nitrofen. Groups of Long-Evans rats were exposed to 0, 6.25, 12.5, or 25 mg/kg of nitrofen on gestation Days 7-16. Renal morphology of the offspring were determined on gestation Day 21 and postnatal Week 5. The postnatal cohort was tested in the second postnatal week for their ability to excrete an osmotically concentrated urine. As was the case with adriamycin, the renal concentrating ability in the neonate was reduced and poor performance in the function test was associated with permanence of the morphological effect. By utilizing a standardized semiquantitative procedure to describe the status of the kidneys and ureters during development in combination with physiological assessment of organ performance, we were able to assess the morphological and functional development of the kidney. In the absence of other anomalies we suggest that offspring be monitored during postnatal development when alterations of the fetal renal papilla are observed in standard teratology bioassays in order to determine whether the effect is transient or permanent. JF - Toxicology and applied pharmacology AU - Kavlock, R J AU - Hoyle, B R AU - Rehnberg, B F AU - Rogers, E H AD - Developmental and Cellular Toxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1988/06/30/ PY - 1988 DA - 1988 Jun 30 SP - 287 EP - 296 VL - 94 IS - 2 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - Phenyl Ethers KW - 0 KW - nitrofen KW - N71UYG034A KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Urogenital System -- drug effects KW - Urogenital System -- embryology KW - Weaning KW - Female KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects KW - Pregnancy KW - Fetus -- drug effects KW - Phenyl Ethers -- toxicity KW - Kidney Pelvis -- embryology KW - Kidney Pelvis -- pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78293387?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.atitle=The+significance+of+the+dilated+renal+pelvis+in+the+nitrofen-exposed+rat+fetus%3A+effects+on+morphology+and+function.&rft.au=Kavlock%2C+R+J%3BHoyle%2C+B+R%3BRehnberg%2C+B+F%3BRogers%2C+E+H&rft.aulast=Kavlock&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1988-06-30&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=287&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1988-08-05 N1 - Date created - 1988-08-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Adaptation of aquatic microbial communities to pollutant stress. AN - 78802170; 3079233 AB - The importance of microbial adaptation in the removal of environmental pollutants and in maintaining active microbial communities in impacted ecosystems is discussed using the biodegradation of p-nitrophenol and the volatilization of mercuric mercury as examples. A molecular mechanism of adaptation is suggested by enrichment of mercury resistance (mer) genes in some communities upon exposure to mercury. JF - Microbiological sciences AU - Barkay, T AU - Pritchard, H AD - US Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Research Laboratory, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561. Y1 - 1988/06// PY - 1988 DA - June 1988 SP - 165 EP - 169 VL - 5 IS - 6 SN - 0265-1351, 0265-1351 KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - 0 KW - Mercury KW - FXS1BY2PGL KW - Index Medicus KW - Bacteria -- genetics KW - Genes, Bacterial KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- pharmacology KW - Mercury -- pharmacology KW - Biotransformation KW - Drug Resistance, Microbial KW - Bacterial Physiological Phenomena KW - Bacteria -- drug effects KW - Gene Expression Regulation -- drug effects KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- metabolism KW - Water Pollution, Chemical KW - Water Microbiology KW - Adaptation, Biological UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78802170?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbiological+sciences&rft.atitle=Adaptation+of+aquatic+microbial+communities+to+pollutant+stress.&rft.au=Barkay%2C+T%3BPritchard%2C+H&rft.aulast=Barkay&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1988-06-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=165&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microbiological+sciences&rft.issn=02651351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1990-09-17 N1 - Date created - 1990-09-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lead and hypertension in a mortality study of lead smelter workers. AN - 78586447; 3203649 JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Selevan, S G AU - Landrigan, P J AU - Stern, F B AU - Jones, J H AD - Reproductive Effects Assessment Group, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460. Y1 - 1988/06// PY - 1988 DA - June 1988 SP - 65 EP - 66 VL - 78 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Hypertension -- chemically induced KW - Hypertension -- mortality KW - Lead Poisoning -- complications KW - Occupational Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Occupational Diseases -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78586447?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Lead+and+hypertension+in+a+mortality+study+of+lead+smelter+workers.&rft.au=Selevan%2C+S+G%3BLandrigan%2C+P+J%3BStern%2C+F+B%3BJones%2C+J+H&rft.aulast=Selevan&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1988-06-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=&rft.spage=65&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-02-06 N1 - Date created - 1989-02-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Br J Ind Med. 1966 Apr;23(2):101-4 [5929682] Am J Pathol. 1967 Apr;50(4):571-603 [4225664] Br J Cancer. 1969 Dec;23(4):765-71 [5367336] Cancer Res. 1970 May;30(5):1248-61 [5426930] Am J Ind Med. 1980;1(2):139-48 [7342761] J Occup Med. 1982 May;24(5):375-8 [7086551] Australas Ann Med. 1963 Nov;12:310-24 [14078907] Br J Ind Med. 1984 May;41(2):170-8 [6722043] Am J Epidemiol. 1985 Oct;122(4):673-83 [4025307] Br J Cancer. 1962 Jun;16:283-8 [13872194] Br J Cancer. 1962 Jun;16:289-97 [13890724] Br J Ind Med. 1963 Oct;20:313-5 [14072623] Am J Ind Med. 1981;2(3):293-7 [7345929] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evidence for effects of chronic lead exposure on blood pressure in experimental animals: an overview. AN - 78584704; 3060353 AB - Information obtained in a number of experimental studies conducted over the last 40 years on the effects of lead on blood pressure is reviewed. Differences in animal species, age at beginning of exposure, level of lead exposure, indices of lead burden, and blood pressure effects of each study are reported. In several of the high-dose experiments, hypertension was observed, but nephrotoxicity of lead may have contributed to its development. Moreover, in other high-dose experiments, no hypertension was observed, and in at least one experiment, the evidence suggested that lead could reduce an elevated blood pressure. In contrast, the lower dose experiments consistently demonstrated a hypertensive effect. Overall, the data suggest a biphasic dose response. Establishment of an appropriate animal model to study blood pressure effects of lead will require careful assessment of dietary interactions with lead, unstressed blood pressure monitoring with standardized techniques, and documentation of biologically effective lead burden. Future research should examine lead exposure at more environmentally appropriate levels in order to determine the validity of associating this pollutant with blood pressure effects in the human population. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Victery, W AD - Office of Health and Environmental Effects, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1988/06// PY - 1988 DA - June 1988 SP - 71 EP - 76 VL - 78 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Dogs KW - Columbidae KW - Male KW - Female KW - Lead -- pharmacology KW - Blood Pressure -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78584704?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Evidence+for+effects+of+chronic+lead+exposure+on+blood+pressure+in+experimental+animals%3A+an+overview.&rft.au=Victery%2C+W&rft.aulast=Victery&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1988-06-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=&rft.spage=71&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-02-06 N1 - Date created - 1989-02-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Am J Med Sci. 1969 Nov;258(5):359-65 [5355231] Med Lav. 1981 Jan-Feb;72(1):13-21 [7242439] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Oct;78(10):6494-8 [6947240] J Lab Clin Med. 1982 Mar;99(3):354-62 [7057062] Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1982 May;170(1):63-7 [7043471] Br J Pharmacol Chemother. 1952 Sep;7(3):349-57 [12978239] Med Toxicol. 1987 May-Jun;2(3):210-32 [3298924] Environ Health Perspect. 1988 Jun;78:101-6 [3060351] Environ Health Perspect. 1988 Jun;78:77-83 [3060354] Environ Health Perspect. 1988 Jun;78:85-9 [3060355] Environ Health Perspect. 1988 Jun;78:91-9 [3060356] Arch Toxicol. 1987 Feb;59(5):336-40 [3579598] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Summary of discussion sessions: symposium on lead-blood pressure relationships. AN - 78583633; 3203633 JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Victery, W AU - Tyroler, H A AU - Volpe, R AU - Grant, L D AD - Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1988/06// PY - 1988 DA - June 1988 SP - 139 EP - 155 VL - 78 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Health Surveys KW - Hypertension -- chemically induced KW - Hypertension -- epidemiology KW - Lead -- pharmacology KW - Blood Pressure -- drug effects KW - Lead -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78583633?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Summary+of+discussion+sessions%3A+symposium+on+lead-blood+pressure+relationships.&rft.au=Victery%2C+W%3BTyroler%2C+H+A%3BVolpe%2C+R%3BGrant%2C+L+D&rft.aulast=Victery&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1988-06-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=&rft.spage=139&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-02-06 N1 - Date created - 1989-02-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of chemically induced aneuploidy by the Vicia faba root tip assay. AN - 78475631; 3176037 AB - Six chemicals selected for their ability to induce aneuploidy in short-term bioassays were tested for their aneuploidy-inducing potential in the Vicia faba root assay system. Para-fluorophenylalanine, griseofulvin, maleic hydrazide, lithium chloride, and cyclophosphamide all induced significant levels of hyperdiploidy in V. faba root tip cells. Lithium chloride and sodium azide were negative for hyperdiploidy induction. In addition to the numerical loss or gain in chromosome number, the chemicals induced other specific chromosomal effects, possibly indicating different mechanisms by which these chemicals bring about genomic imbalance. Judging from the lowest effective aneuploidy-inducing dose of each chemical, the V. faba root tip assay system appears to be a sensitive and promising tool for evaluating the potential of chemicals to induce aneuploidy. JF - Toxicology and industrial health AU - Sandhu, S S AU - Acedo, G N AD - Genetic Toxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1988/06// PY - 1988 DA - June 1988 SP - 257 EP - 267 VL - 4 IS - 2 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - Index Medicus KW - Aneuploidy KW - Mutagenicity Tests -- methods KW - Plants, Medicinal KW - Fabaceae -- genetics KW - Fabaceae -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78475631?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.atitle=Detection+of+chemically+induced+aneuploidy+by+the+Vicia+faba+root+tip+assay.&rft.au=Sandhu%2C+S+S%3BAcedo%2C+G+N&rft.aulast=Sandhu&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1988-06-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=257&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1988-11-22 N1 - Date created - 1988-11-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ketamine alters rat flash evoked potentials. AN - 78472542; 3174774 AB - Discovering the neurotransmitters involved in the generation of flash evoked potentials (FEPs) would enhance the use of FEPs in screening for and assessment of neurological damage. Recent evidence suggests that the excitatory amino acids, glutamate and aspartate, may be transmitters in the visual system. Ketamine selectively antagonizes the actions of excitatory amino acids on n-methyl-d-aspartate receptors and may be administered systemically. Two experiments were designed to test the effects of ketamine on rat FEPs. First, the effects of ketamine (37, 75, 150 mg/kg) on FEPs recorded in light and dark backgrounds were investigated at a single (10 min) posttreatment interval. Ketamine administration resulted in dose-dependent alterations in FEP peak amplitudes and latencies. Peak P1 amplitude increased by a factor of 4, in a dose-dependent manner. Peak N1 virtually disappeared at 150 mg/kg. Peak P2 amplitude increased by 50%, but only in the light background, and only at 150 mg/kg. Second, ketamine (150 mg/kg) effects on FEPs were investigated 5 min and 30 min following administration. The decrease in peak N1 amplitude was maximal 5 min after administration and the amplitude was recovering at 30 min. The effects on peak P1 and peak N3 amplitudes were maximal 5 min after ketamine administration, but were not recovering 30 min postinjection. The various peak latencies were also affected differently. The possible role of glutamate or aspartate in the generation of rat FEPs is discussed. JF - Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior AU - Rigdon, G C AU - Dyer, R S AD - United States Environmental Protection Agency, Neurotoxicology Division/Neurophysiology Branch, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1988/06// PY - 1988 DA - June 1988 SP - 421 EP - 426 VL - 30 IS - 2 SN - 0091-3057, 0091-3057 KW - Ketamine KW - 690G0D6V8H KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats, Inbred Strains KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Photic Stimulation KW - Body Temperature -- drug effects KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Male KW - Evoked Potentials, Visual -- drug effects KW - Ketamine -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78472542?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pharmacology%2C+biochemistry%2C+and+behavior&rft.atitle=Ketamine+alters+rat+flash+evoked+potentials.&rft.au=Rigdon%2C+G+C%3BDyer%2C+R+S&rft.aulast=Rigdon&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1988-06-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=421&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pharmacology%2C+biochemistry%2C+and+behavior&rft.issn=00913057&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1988-11-01 N1 - Date created - 1988-11-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Optimization of suspended cell method and comparison with cell monolayer technique for virus assays. AN - 78423722; 3417841 AB - The suspended cell technique for enumeration of viruses from environmental samples was evaluated in regards to the number of cells necessary per bottle or flask, contact time with virus prior to overlay, and number of viruses per sample for maximum enumeration, using 40-cm2 (6 oz) glass bottles or 25-cm2 plastic culture flasks. Optimum cell numbers were determined to be 4 x 10(7) cells for the 40-cm2 bottles and 2.0 x 10(7) cells for the 25-cm2 flasks. The optimum exposure time of virus to cells at 37 degrees C was 60 min with significantly higher recoveries with shaken mixtures as opposed to static mixtures. Upon comparing the suspended cell technique with that of the cell monolayer system, using two sets of environmental sewage sample concentrates, 62 of the 67 samples yielded an average of 5-8 times greater viral recoveries with the suspended cell procedure. Based on our data we feel that all environmental samples should be tested using the suspended cell procedure. JF - Journal of virological methods AU - Dahling, D R AU - Wright, B A AD - Virology Section, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268. Y1 - 1988/06// PY - 1988 DA - June 1988 SP - 169 EP - 179 VL - 20 IS - 2 SN - 0166-0934, 0166-0934 KW - Sewage KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Viruses -- growth & development KW - Culture Techniques -- methods KW - Viruses -- isolation & purification KW - Virology -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78423722?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+virological+methods&rft.atitle=Optimization+of+suspended+cell+method+and+comparison+with+cell+monolayer+technique+for+virus+assays.&rft.au=Dahling%2C+D+R%3BWright%2C+B+A&rft.aulast=Dahling&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1988-06-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=169&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+virological+methods&rft.issn=01660934&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1988-10-25 N1 - Date created - 1988-10-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Economic costs of misinforming about risk: the EDB scare and the media. AN - 78394520; 3045904 AB - This study reports results of an analysis of consumer responses to news reports of grain-product contamination by the pesticide ethylene dibromide (EDB). The results demonstrate that it is possible to quantify market disruption related to the dissemination of risk information. Implications include the need for increased awareness among risk managers that public perceptions, regardless of their objective accuracy, can induce real economic costs. Such costs should be considered in designing regulatory and information policies. JF - Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis AU - Johnson, F R AD - Office of Policy Analysis, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Y1 - 1988/06// PY - 1988 DA - June 1988 SP - 261 EP - 269 VL - 8 IS - 2 SN - 0272-4332, 0272-4332 KW - Hydrocarbons, Brominated KW - 0 KW - Ethylene Dibromide KW - 1N41638RNO KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - Maximum Allowable Concentration KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Edible Grain KW - Food Contamination -- economics KW - Ethylene Dibromide -- toxicity KW - Public Opinion KW - Hydrocarbons, Brominated -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78394520?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Risk+analysis+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Society+for+Risk+Analysis&rft.atitle=Economic+costs+of+misinforming+about+risk%3A+the+EDB+scare+and+the+media.&rft.au=Johnson%2C+F+R&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1988-06-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=261&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Risk+analysis+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Society+for+Risk+Analysis&rft.issn=02724332&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1988-10-11 N1 - Date created - 1988-10-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The mouse teratogen dinocap has lower A/D ratios and is not teratogenic in the rat and hamster. AN - 78323669; 3400070 AB - The fungicide dinocap is currently used in the control of powdery mildew. We have reported that dinocap is teratogenic in the CD-1 mouse, causing cleft palate, otolith defects, and fetal weight deficits well below maternotoxic dose levels. In this study the maternal and fetal toxicity of dinocap was determined in the Sprague-Dawley rat and Syrian golden hamster, and adult-to-developmental (A/D) toxicity ratios were calculated and compared with the previously established A/D ratio of dinocap in the mouse. Dinocap in corn oil was administered by gavage to pregnant rats on gestation days 7-20 (0, 100, 150, 200 mg/kg/day) and to hamsters on gestation days 7-14 (0, 12.5, 25, 50, 75, 100, 200 mg/kg/day). Dams were killed on day 21 (rat) or day 15 (hamster), and litters were removed, counted, and weighed; half of each litter was necropsied for soft tissue defects, and the remaining half was processed for skeletal examination. In the rat, maternal extrauterine weight gain was significantly affected at 150 and 200 mg/kg/day, relative liver weight was elevated at 100 mg/kg/day and above, and fetal weight was lower at 150 and 200 mg/kg/day. In the hamster, maternal extrauterine weight was lower at 12.5 mg/kg/day and above; fetal weight was reduced, and the incidence of dilated renal pelvis was higher, at 25 mg/kg/day and above. Thus the A/D ratios for dinocap in the rat and hamster are similar, approximately 1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Teratology AU - Rogers, J M AU - Barbee, B AU - Burkhead, L M AU - Rushin, E A AU - Kavlock, R J AD - Perinatal Toxicology Branch, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1988/06// PY - 1988 DA - June 1988 SP - 553 EP - 559 VL - 37 IS - 6 SN - 0040-3709, 0040-3709 KW - Dinitrobenzenes KW - 0 KW - Fungicides, Industrial KW - Nitrobenzenes KW - Teratogens KW - dinocap KW - JZG115B8H5 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats, Inbred Strains KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Liver -- pathology KW - Fetal Resorption KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Mesocricetus KW - Species Specificity KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Fetal Death KW - Cricetinae KW - Nitrobenzenes -- toxicity KW - Fungicides, Industrial -- toxicity KW - Dinitrobenzenes -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78323669?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Teratology&rft.atitle=The+mouse+teratogen+dinocap+has+lower+A%2FD+ratios+and+is+not+teratogenic+in+the+rat+and+hamster.&rft.au=Rogers%2C+J+M%3BBarbee%2C+B%3BBurkhead%2C+L+M%3BRushin%2C+E+A%3BKavlock%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Rogers&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1988-06-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=553&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Teratology&rft.issn=00403709&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1988-09-08 N1 - Date created - 1988-09-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A retrospective look at Rn-induced lung cancer mortality from the viewpoint of a relative risk model. AN - 78259769; 3378895 AB - The potential contribution to U.S. lung cancer deaths from 1930 to 1987 from indoor 222Rn exposures is investigated from the standpoint of a constant relative risk model. Based on this model, which assumes a Rn risk proportional to the baseline lung cancer risk from other causes, the rate of Rn-induced lung cancer mortality has been increasing sharply since 1930. However, the estimated proportion of lung cancer deaths attributable to Rn has remained fairly constant. Applying the range of coefficients the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency employs in assessing the risk from indoor Rn, it is estimated that 8-25% of all current lung cancer deaths are "attributable to" past Rn exposures. The major sources of uncertainty in the estimates are discussed. JF - Health physics AU - Puskin, J S AU - Yang, Y AD - Bioeffects Analysis Branch, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460. Y1 - 1988/06// PY - 1988 DA - June 1988 SP - 635 EP - 643 VL - 54 IS - 6 SN - 0017-9078, 0017-9078 KW - Radon KW - Q74S4N8N1G KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Smoking -- adverse effects KW - Models, Biological KW - Mathematics KW - Lung Neoplasms -- etiology KW - Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced -- etiology KW - Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced -- mortality KW - Lung Neoplasms -- mortality KW - Radon -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78259769?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Health+physics&rft.atitle=A+retrospective+look+at+Rn-induced+lung+cancer+mortality+from+the+viewpoint+of+a+relative+risk+model.&rft.au=Puskin%2C+J+S%3BYang%2C+Y&rft.aulast=Puskin&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1988-06-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=635&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Health+physics&rft.issn=00179078&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1988-07-27 N1 - Date created - 1988-07-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lethality and hepatotoxicity of complex waste mixtures. AN - 78228367; 3371293 AB - Male F344 rats were exposed by gavage to samples of complex mixtures and evaluated 24 hr later. Seven of the 10 samples caused death at doses ranging from 1 to 5 ml/kg body wt. Eight of the 10 samples were hepatotoxic based on histopathologic evaluation; 6 were centrilobular and 2 were periportal hepatotoxicants. The waste samples exerted toxicity through different mechanisms, as indicated by differences in the severity and lobular location of the tissue damage. Nine of the 10 samples caused an increase in the ratio of liver weight to body weight (relative liver weight). With histopathological evaluation as the criterion, relative liver weight was the single best indicator of hepatotoxicity. Exposure to several of the waste samples increased serum total bilirubin and serum enzyme activities of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, and ornithine carbamyl transferase. As a battery, but not individually, the serum indicators separated the 8 hepatotoxic samples from the 2 nonhepatotoxic samples. In general, the hepatotoxicity of the waste samples did not appear to be readily predicted from (partial) chemical characterization data. An approach that includes both chemical characterization and biological testing should provide valuable information regarding the hazardous nature of complex wastes. JF - Environmental research AU - Simmons, J E AU - DeMarini, D M AU - Berman, E AD - Health Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1988/06// PY - 1988 DA - June 1988 SP - 74 EP - 85 VL - 46 IS - 1 SN - 0013-9351, 0013-9351 KW - Industrial Waste KW - 0 KW - Trichloroethylene KW - 290YE8AR51 KW - Carbon Tetrachloride KW - CL2T97X0V0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Carbon Tetrachloride -- toxicity KW - Trichloroethylene -- toxicity KW - Male KW - Liver -- pathology KW - Industrial Waste -- adverse effects KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Industrial Waste -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78228367?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+research&rft.atitle=Lethality+and+hepatotoxicity+of+complex+waste+mixtures.&rft.au=Simmons%2C+J+E%3BDeMarini%2C+D+M%3BBerman%2C+E&rft.aulast=Simmons&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1988-06-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=74&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+research&rft.issn=00139351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1988-07-08 N1 - Date created - 1988-07-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biochemical effects of DDT and DDE in rat and mouse liver. AN - 78222682; 3371291 AB - The effects of two hepatocarcinogens, 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-di-4-(chlorophenyl)ethane and 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (DDT and DDE), on hepatic biochemical parameters were examined in adult female rats and mice. Two oral administrations of DDT (66 mg/kg) at 21 and 4 hr before sacrifice increased rat hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 content by 28%. After two oral treatments with 175 and 525 mg/kg of DDE, rat hepatic ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity was increased 6.5- and 22-fold while cytochrome P-450 content was elevated by 58 and 123%, respectively. As DDT did not acutely increase rat ODC activity, a chronic exposure to DDT was also performed. Thirty days after a single oral treatment with 90 mg/kg DDT, rat hepatic ODC activity was not elevated above control values. Neither DDT nor DDE caused any significant biochemical changes in mouse liver. Thus rat hepatic ODC, a biochemical marker for tumor-promoters, responded to DDE, the stronger of the two hepatocarcinogens, but not to DDT. Neither DDT nor DDE caused hepatic DNA damage in either rat or mouse liver. JF - Environmental research AU - Kitchin, K T AU - Brown, J L AD - Developmental and Cell Toxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1988/06// PY - 1988 DA - June 1988 SP - 39 EP - 47 VL - 46 IS - 1 SN - 0013-9351, 0013-9351 KW - Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene KW - 4M7FS82U08 KW - DDT KW - CIW5S16655 KW - Ornithine Decarboxylase KW - EC 4.1.1.17 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats, Inbred Strains KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - DNA Damage KW - Mice KW - Ornithine Decarboxylase -- analysis KW - Female KW - Liver -- enzymology KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - DDT -- toxicity KW - Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78222682?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+research&rft.atitle=Biochemical+effects+of+DDT+and+DDE+in+rat+and+mouse+liver.&rft.au=Kitchin%2C+K+T%3BBrown%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Kitchin&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1988-06-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=39&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+research&rft.issn=00139351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1988-07-08 N1 - Date created - 1988-07-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Disinfection AN - 19074480; 8901476 AB - Literature published in 1987 on disinfection of wastewater is summarized, including microbiology and chemistry. Specific topics are halogen disinfection, oxychlorine compounds, ozone, ultraviolet light, photo-oxidation disinfection, gamma radiation for disinfection, maturation ponds, lagooning, electric fields, copper for disinfection of sanitary wastewater, disinfection of cooling towers, analytical chemistry, formation of byproducts and their control, treatment of wastes resulting from disinfection, and chemical reactions in the disinfection process. The review aims to include all pertinent, important and significant articles without evaluating their merit; when selections were made, availability of documents and the presence of new information in the article were used as inclusion criteria. A brief synopsis of the contents is given for each article cited. (Rochester-PTT) JF - Journal - Water Pollution Control Federation JWPFA5 Vol. 60, No. 6, p 845-852, June 1988. 106 ref. AU - Venosa, AD AU - Isaac, R A AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH Y1 - 1988/06// PY - 1988 DA - Jun 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Literature review KW - Wastewater treatment KW - Disinfection KW - Microbiological studies KW - Chemical treatment KW - Cooling towers KW - Halogens KW - Oxidation KW - Ozonation KW - Irradiation KW - Lagoons KW - Electric fields KW - Copper KW - Chemical analysis KW - Byproducts KW - Sanitary wastewater KW - Oxychlorine compounds KW - Ozone KW - Maturation ponds KW - Stabilization lagoons KW - Chemical reactions KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes KW - SW 8030:Secondary publication and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19074480?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Disinfection&rft.au=Venosa%2C+AD%3BIsaac%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Venosa&rft.aufirst=AD&rft.date=1988-06-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Point-of-Entry and Point-of-Use Devices for Meeting Drinking Water Standards AN - 19070141; 8913270 AB - After considering all public comments and through a variety of discussions at all levels of management, EPA decided that point-of-entry (POE) devices were suitable for compliance of drinking water standards, but they were not best available technology (BAT). It was also decided that point-of-use (POU) and bottled water could be used as interim measures, but were not to be considered BAT or a means of compliance. The EPA promulgated a rule in July 1987 that allowed POE devices as a means of compliance with the final maximum contamination levels (MCLs) for volatile organic chemicals. POU or bottled water could only be used to alleviate unreasonable risks to health during a variance or exemption period. It is hoped that this rule will allow for a more accessible means of compliance, and would, in turn, increase their compliance rate. The rule specifies criteria and procedures that attempt to assure quality and safety when POE is applied for compliance purposes. The five criteria necessary for compliance using POE are: central control , effective monitoring, application of effective technology, maintenance of microbial safety, and protection of all consumers. The goal of these five criteria is to assure that when POE devices are applied by public water systems for compliance with drinking water standards, the water is as safe as the time-tested methods of central water treatment. These criteria provide for adequate public health protection, while at the same time allowing for an innovative, decentralized approach (ie., POE). This approach will allow a cost effective means of compliance for small systems that have had the most violations of EPA 's drinking water standards. The criteria developed by EPA will be adopted and implemented by the states with the goal of providing safe drinking water to all communities. (See also W89-13269) (Lantz-PTT) JF - Proceedings: Conference on Point-of-Use Treatment of Drinking Water. Report No. EPA/9-88/012 June 1988. p 4-9, 2 ref. AU - Clark, S W AD - Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC Y1 - 1988/06// PY - 1988 DA - Jun 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Water quality standards KW - Drinking water KW - Water treatment KW - Water quality management KW - Potable water KW - Monitoring KW - Technology KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19070141?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Point-of-Entry+and+Point-of-Use+Devices+for+Meeting+Drinking+Water+Standards&rft.au=Clark%2C+S+W&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1988-06-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Point-of-Use and Point-of-Entry Treatment Devices Used at Superfund Sites to Remediate Contaminated Drinking Water AN - 19069887; 8913293 AB - Hazardous waste is one of this nation 's greatest concerns. In response to that concern. This law is the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) , referred to as the Superfund Law was enacted to deal with the hazardous waste problem. Over two-thirds of the Superfund actions to date, deal with a contaminated drinking water supply. Where the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) Standards are applicable to the Superfund cleanup, maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) are usually used. After a site is included on the National Priority List (NPL) of Superfund, a remedial action is planned. As a short-term response to alleviate the immediate danger of contaminated drinking water, bottled water is routinely utilized. This type of response is most often used in a removal action. In the interim, the following are commonly considered alternative where drinking water is a concern: providing bottled water; provide alternative water; installation of point-of-use (POU) treatment devices; and installation of point-of-entry (POE) treatment devices. As a longer term response, or as a permanent remedy, the following are commonly considered remedial alternatives for a contaminated drinking water supply: connecting to a community water system; provide a new water source (well or surface); and maintaining individual treatment unit previously installed. Two case studies which utilize both the short-term and long-term responses to drinking water problems are presented. The first case discussed is the Byron Johnson Salvage yard in Byron, IL, and the second is the Main Street Well Field and associated actions in Elkhart, IN. The geohydrology of each site is discussed, followed by in-depth time tables of the actions and alternatives, studied and applied , at each site. (See also W89-13269) (Lantz-PTT) JF - Proceedings: Conference on Point-of-Use Treatment of Drinking Water. Report No. EPA/9-88/012 June 1988. p 118-128, 5 fig. AU - Bianchin, S L AD - Environmental Protection Agency Chicago, IL. Region V Y1 - 1988/06// PY - 1988 DA - Jun 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Water quality control KW - Water treatment KW - Drinking water KW - Management planning KW - Water pollution treatment KW - Case studies KW - Illinois KW - Indiana KW - Water quality management KW - Superfund KW - Regulations KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19069887?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Point-of-Use+and+Point-of-Entry+Treatment+Devices+Used+at+Superfund+Sites+to+Remediate+Contaminated+Drinking+Water&rft.au=Bianchin%2C+S+L&rft.aulast=Bianchin&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1988-06-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fate of Pollutants AN - 19067439; 8901501 AB - Literature published in 1987 on fate of pollutants in aquatic systems is summarized under the following headings: chlorinated xenobiotic chemicals, nonchlorinated xenobiotic chemicals, hydrocarbons, pesticides, and heavy metals. Chemical processes, biodegradation, wastewater treatment options, sedimentary processes, and monitoring are discussed. The review aims to include all pertinent, important and significant articles without evaluating their merit; when selections were made, availability of documents and the presence of new information in the article were used as inclusion criteria. A brief synopsis of the contents is given for each article cited. (Rochester-PTT) JF - Journal - Water Pollution Control Federation JWPFA5 Vol. 60, No. 6, p 983-994, June 1988. 176 ref. AU - Pritchard, PH AD - Environmental Protection Agency Gulf Breeze, FL. Gulf Breeze Environmental Research Lab Y1 - 1988/06// PY - 1988 DA - Jun 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Literature review KW - Fate of pollutants KW - Chlorinated compounds KW - Xenobiotic compounds KW - Hydrocarbons KW - Pesticides KW - Heavy metals KW - Biodegradation KW - Chemical reactions KW - Wastewater treatment KW - Sedimentation KW - Monitoring KW - Ecosystems KW - Water pollution control KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - SW 8030:Secondary publication and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19067439?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Fate+of+Pollutants&rft.au=Pritchard%2C+PH&rft.aulast=Pritchard&rft.aufirst=PH&rft.date=1988-06-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Microbiological Studies of Granular Activated Carbon Point-of-Use Systems AN - 19064445; 8913285 AB - Activated carbon, powdered (PAC) or granular (GAC), has been used in water treatment for many years, primarily to remove tastes and odors. An aspect of GAC POU treatment devices that has been of concern to the Drinking Water Research Division of the US EPA in Cincinnati, is the long-term microbiological quality of the product water from such devices. The first phase of studies on the microbiological characteristics of carbon POU filters was begun in 1977. This phase examined four carbon POU filters for variations in bacterial counts, heterotrophic plate count (HPC), total organic carbon (TOC), and chloroform (CHCl3) levels. In addition, one filter was installed on a low-flow drinking water fountain, and bacteriological quality and THM content of the product water were monitored weekly. HPC levels in the effluents from the carbon filters were always higher than the bacterial levels of the influent tap water. Total organic carbon removal appeared to be minimal because influent TOC levels were always < 2 mg/L (2 ppm) and effluent levels were within 0.1 to 0.3 mg/L of the influent levels one day after installation. The initial percentage removal of CHCl3 ranged from 100% down to about 55%, and decreased with time over a period of 20 weeks. By the end of the 20-week test period, effluent CHCl3 concentrations for three of the test filters exceeded influent CHCL3 concentration, while the fourth filter unit was still removing about 20% of the influent CHCL3. The second phase examined four additional GAC POU filters designed to be installed as stationary filters under a kitchen sink on the cold water line to a common mixing faucet. Variations in HPC levels in the product water between morning and afternoon samples from the lost filters were similar to found during the first phase study. Additionally, it was shown that stagnation periods from several hours to several weeks resulted. The third phase of the GAC POU study, currently nearing completion, was designed to examine GAC POU treatment units intended to be installed as third-faucet units, treating only water for drinking and cooking, not all of the water going to the main kitchen faucet. The general implications of the studies conducted are that all GAC POU devices become generators of bacteria due to the large surface area exposed to the water, and due to adsorption of nutrients from the water that bacteria are able to use for growth. However, the potential for adverse human health effects from ingestion of large numbers of HPC bacteria in water appears to be low. (See also W89-13269) (Lantz-PTT) JF - Proceedings: Conference on Point-of-Use Treatment of Drinking Water. Report No. EPA/9-88/012 June 1988. p 81-83, 2 ref. AU - Reasoner, D J AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH. Drinking Water Research Div Y1 - 1988/06// PY - 1988 DA - Jun 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Activated carbon KW - Adsorption KW - Water treatment KW - Granular activated carbon KW - Microbiological studies KW - Filtration KW - Bacteria KW - Public health KW - Organic carbon KW - Chloroform KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19064445?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Microbiological+Studies+of+Granular+Activated+Carbon+Point-of-Use+Systems&rft.au=Reasoner%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Reasoner&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1988-06-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Aquatic Sediments AN - 19064374; 8901504 AB - Literature published in 1987 on aquatic sediments in relation to water pollution control is summarized under the following headings: methods, biological activity, oxygen demand and organic carbon, nutrients, metals, radionuclides, organics, dredging, and modeling, sediment transport and paleolimnology. The review aims to include all pertinent, important and significant articles without evaluating their merit; when selections were made, availability of documents and the presence of new information in the article were used as inclusion criteria. A brief synopsis of the contents is given for each article cited. (Rochester-PTT) JF - Journal - Water Pollution Control Federation JWPFA5 Vol. 60, No. 6, p 1077-1088, June 1988. 219 ref. AU - Davis, W S AU - Denbow, T J AD - Environmental Protection Agency Chicago, IL. Environmental Services Div Y1 - 1988/06// PY - 1988 DA - Jun 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Literature review KW - Sediments KW - Pollutant identification KW - Dredging KW - Paleolimnology KW - Oxygen demand KW - Organic carbon KW - Nutrients KW - Metals KW - Radionuclides KW - Model studies KW - Sediment transport KW - Path of pollutants KW - Fate of pollutants KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - SW 8030:Secondary publication and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19064374?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Aquatic+Sediments&rft.au=Davis%2C+W+S%3BDenbow%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1988-06-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Invertebrate Fish Food Resources of Lotic Environments AN - 19064188; 8901802 AB - Fish are the aquatic ecosystem 's end product harvested by man. Food supply may regulate the production of fish. This report deals with analysis and evaluation of fish food stocks. The scope is limited to river habitats and their invertebrate supplies of food. Information is most applicable to smaller streams or rivers--up to mean annual discharges of approximately 1,000 cfs. Emphasis is placed on the macroinvertebrate (visible to the naked eye) food animals. These are the primary food items of the carnivorous sport and food fishes (e.g., trout, bass, etc.) that are of high management interest. Three main sections discuss: (1) the habitat of fish food animals; (2) the ' drift ' phenomenon; and (3) the effects of flow on the habitat and organisms. Aquatic vegetation, logs, or debris in a stream increase the physical habitat available for benthic animals. A method is presented to estimate the area of habitat available from tree remains in a stream. A ' key ' is presented to aid managers in a cursory examination of fish and fish food information. The key assists in narrowing the range of potential problems managers need to consider in evaluating a river 's biological resources. (Author 's abstract) JF - Instream Flow Information Paper No. 24. Fish and Wildlife Service Biological Report 88(13) June 1988. 96 p, 9 fig, 10 tab, 107 ref, 2 append. AU - Keup, LE AD - Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC Y1 - 1988/06// PY - 1988 DA - Jun 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Invertebrates KW - Fish food KW - Instream flow KW - Water demand KW - Limnology KW - Lotic environment KW - Food chain KW - Fish KW - Ecosystems KW - Rivers KW - Aquatic plants KW - Detritus KW - SW 6090:Fisheries engineering KW - SW 0850:Lakes KW - SW 4040:Water demand UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19064188?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Invertebrate+Fish+Food+Resources+of+Lotic+Environments&rft.au=Keup%2C+LE&rft.aulast=Keup&rft.aufirst=LE&rft.date=1988-06-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regulatory Requirements for Point-of-Use Systems AN - 19063411; 8913271 AB - The majority of the water treatment products are registered for use in conjunction with municipally treated or microbiologically potable water. Five of these products are registered for use on untreated or raw water (ie., water of unknown quality or source). Types of registered water treatment products are: water filters, filtering media, replacement cartridges, and water purifiers. Prior to 1979, data requirements for bacteriostatic water filters consisted of bacteriological and chemical data. These data requirements were published as the Interim Requirements for Registration of Bacteriostatic Water Treatment Units for Home Use. In 1984, EPA formed a task force for the specific purpose of developing definitive guidance and specific test parameters for demonstrating effectiveness of water treatment units claiming to microbiologically purify water under conditions that simulated actual use. Current requirements for microbiological water purifiers consist of data showing effectiveness of the product against bacteria, viruses, and protozoan cysts. (See also W89-13269) (Lantz-PTT) JF - Proceedings: Conference on Point-of-Use Treatment of Drinking Water. Report No. EPA/9-88/012 June 1988. p 10-11, 1 ref. AU - Douglas, R AD - Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC. Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances Y1 - 1988/06// PY - 1988 DA - Jun 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Regulations KW - Water treatment KW - Filters KW - Microbiological studies KW - Standards KW - Drinking water KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19063411?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Regulatory+Requirements+for+Point-of-Use+Systems&rft.au=Douglas%2C+R&rft.aulast=Douglas&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1988-06-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Health Studies of Aerobic Heterotrophic Bacteria Colonizing Granular Activated Carbon Systems AN - 19056208; 8913286 AB - Aerobic heterotrophic bacteria are ubiquitous in the aquatic environment. These bacteria occur in drinking water at densities as high as several hundred thousand per milliliter in some cases , and they provide a constant seed for devices used to treat potable water at its point-of-use (POU). Granular activated carbon (GAC) filters, in this regard, are of special interest because of their increased use by the general population and because they have the capacity to adsorb bacteria from water. Once adsorbed on the GAC filter, the bacteria are able to multiply to even higher densities than observed in the influent water and they, in turn, slough off into the effluent water. Gram negative bacteria are predominant, just as in the water distribution systems. An epidemiological study conducted by Yale University was supported by the EPA in order to determine if adverse health effects are associated with GAC filter use. Two types of filters were used in the study. One was a faucet-type filter that attaches to the tap with a special adapter. The filter was activated by turning a valve that directed the water through the GAC bed. The second type of filter was a bypass-type that tapped directly to the cold water line and delivered the water through a separate tap attached to the sink. One interesting results of the monitoring was the high initial densities of heterotrophs observed in the water samples taken from the faucet filter housing units without carbon. The greatest exposure to heterotrophic bacteria occurred with the bypass filters. The exposure to heterotrophic bacteria was, on the average, about 20 times greater for bypass-filter users than for control groups exposed to heterotrophic bacteria in unfiltered tap water. The faucet-type filter effluents contained about 12 times more heterotrophs than were found in the tap water. However, the heterotrophic bacterial densities in the bypass and faucet-filter effluents exceeded that of the blank filter housing units by factors of only six and four, respectively. Thus, the exposure differences were not as great when the faucet housing only group was used as a control population, as was the case in this study. The means of the heterotroph densities of both the faucet-type and bypass-type filters were statistically significant from the mean density of heterotrophs observed in the blank housing unit effluents. (See also W89-13269) (Lantz-PTT) JF - Proceedings: Conference on Point-of-Use Treatment of Drinking Water. Report No. EPA/9-88/012 June 1988. p 84-87, 3 tab, 12 ref. AU - Dufour, AD AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH. Office of Research and Development Y1 - 1988/06// PY - 1988 DA - Jun 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Aerobic bacteria KW - Granular activated carbon KW - Water treatment KW - Activated carbon KW - Public health KW - Filtration KW - Bacteria KW - Contamination KW - Microbiological studies KW - Drinking water KW - Heterotrophic bacteria KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19056208?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Health+Studies+of+Aerobic+Heterotrophic+Bacteria+Colonizing+Granular+Activated+Carbon+Systems&rft.au=Dufour%2C+AD&rft.aulast=Dufour&rft.aufirst=AD&rft.date=1988-06-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lake and Reservoir Management AN - 19049647; 8901497 AB - Literature published in 1987 on lake and reservoir management in relation to water pollution control is summarized under the following headings: water quality (physicochemical studies, dissolved oxygen, ecosystem management and modelling, and in-lake treatment); nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, and nutrient management); sediment; toxic chemicals (heavy metals, herbicides and other organic chemicals, and contaminated sediments); acid deposition (atmospheric deposition, modeling, neutralizing capacity, and biological effects); viruses, bacteria, and protozoa; aquatic macrophytes; algae (phytoplankton, periphyton, and limnocorral experiments); zooplankton; macroinvertebrates; and fisheries (feeding strategies and food preference, reproduction, environmental factors and habitat). The review aims to include all pertinent, important and significant articles without evaluating their merit; when selections were made, availability of documents and the presence of new information in the article were used as inclusion criteria. A brief synopsis of the contents is given for each article cited. (Rochester-PTT) JF - Journal - Water Pollution Control Federation JWPFA5 Vol. 60, No. 6, p 940-959, June 1988. 408 ref. AU - McDonell, D B AU - Crocker, P A AD - Environmental Protection Agency Dallas, TX. Region VI Y1 - 1988/06// PY - 1988 DA - Jun 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Literature review KW - Lakes KW - Reservoir management KW - Acid rain KW - Lake management KW - Water pollution control KW - Eutrophication KW - Nitrogen KW - Phosphorus KW - Nutrients KW - Sediments KW - Heavy metals KW - Herbicides KW - Viruses KW - Bacteria KW - Protozoa KW - Macrophytes KW - Algae KW - Phytoplankton KW - Limnocorrals KW - Periphyton KW - Zooplankton KW - Macroinvertebrates KW - Fish KW - Aquatic habitats KW - Fisheries KW - Reproduction KW - Food habits KW - Ecology KW - SW 0850:Lakes KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - SW 8030:Secondary publication and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19049647?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Lake+and+Reservoir+Management&rft.au=McDonell%2C+D+B%3BCrocker%2C+P+A&rft.aulast=McDonell&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1988-06-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of Cost Equations for GAC Treatment Systems AN - 19036111; 8809531 AB - The use of granular activated carbon (GAC) as a broad spectrum adsorbent in the treatment of drinking water has been shown to be effective in removing or reducing concentrations of specific organics and total organic carbon. Much concern has been expressed, however, regarding the cost of GAC systems, and therefore several studies have been conducted to develop cost-estimating equations for system components. Early cost studies are based on design and not on as-built plants. A comparison between costs from some recently completed field projects and costs estimated from these conceptual design studies has resulted in a reevaluation of the early estimates. Most estimates are close to the actual costs derived from the field projects. However, by combining data from the field projects and design studies, an updated set of cost estimating equations has been developed for GAC treatment systems. These new equations can be used to estimate capital costs and individual operation and maintenance cost components. (Author 's abstract) JF - Journal of Environmental Engineering JOEDDU Vol. 114, No. 3, p 672-688, June 1988. 1 fig, 5 tab, 11 ref, 2 append. AU - Adams, J Q AU - Clark, R M AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH. Drinking Water Research Div Y1 - 1988/06// PY - 1988 DA - Jun 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Granulated activated carbon KW - Water treatment KW - Activated carbon KW - Organic compounds KW - Cost analysis KW - Capital costs KW - Drinking water KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19036111?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Development+of+Cost+Equations+for+GAC+Treatment+Systems&rft.au=Adams%2C+J+Q%3BClark%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=Adams&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1988-06-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of delay, intertrial interval, delay behavior and trimethyltin on spatial delayed response in rats. AN - 78597393; 3211102 AB - Working memory was modeled in rats using a delayed response task with spatial location as the discriminative cue. Rats received food for pressing 1 of 2 retractable levers in the choice phase of a trial if that lever had been presented in the prior sample phase of that trial. When delays of 0-20 sec were imposed between sample and choice, choice accuracy declined with increasing delay. With short intertrial intervals (ITIs), choice accuracy decreased more at long delays than at short delays, showing that interference from previous trials impaired memory but not discrimination. Rats emitted overt mediating responses during delay by pressing the levers in the retracted position. However, the frequency of delay presses was low (less than 2/trial in all rats) and neither their frequency nor accuracy was related to choice accuracy. Resetting the delay interval for each delay press did not significantly alter choice response accuracy. Trimethyltin (TMT), 7 mg/kg IV, reduced the choice accuracy of one rat to chance levels at all delays; two other rats were affected transiently. TMT reduced choice accuracy during weeks 1 and 4 postinjection, with significant effects on the linear slope and intercept of the mean retention gradient during week 4. TMT did not affect responses to the retracted levers during delays. TMT treatment also elevated levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in the CNS, measured 4 weeks after treatment. Hippocampal GFAP correlated highly with the reduction in choice accuracy during week 1 (r = -.903) and week 4 (r = -.797) postTMT.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Neurotoxicology and teratology AU - Bushnell, P J AD - Neurotoxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. PY - 1988 SP - 237 EP - 244 VL - 10 IS - 3 SN - 0892-0362, 0892-0362 KW - Trialkyltin Compounds KW - 0 KW - Trimethyltin Compounds KW - trimethyltin hydroxide KW - 56-24-6 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Conditioning, Operant -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Reference Values KW - Models, Psychological KW - Discrimination (Psychology) -- drug effects KW - Space Perception -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Trimethyltin Compounds -- pharmacology KW - Memory -- drug effects KW - Trialkyltin Compounds -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78597393?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+delay%2C+intertrial+interval%2C+delay+behavior+and+trimethyltin+on+spatial+delayed+response+in+rats.&rft.au=Bushnell%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Bushnell&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1988-05-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=237&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.issn=08920362&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-02-21 N1 - Date created - 1989-02-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Conditioned flavor aversion induced by inhaled p-xylene in rats. AN - 78596566; 3211107 AB - Xylenes have the potential for widespread public exposure, yet their neurotoxic properties are poorly understood. The conditioned flavor aversion (CFA) paradigm provides a sensitive behavioral assay for the aversiveness of many drugs and toxic chemicals. Male Long-Evans rats were placed on a restricted water schedule (30 min/day) 1 week after arrival in the laboratory at 40 days of age. Ten days later, all rats received 0.1% saccharin in place of water, and then were exposed immediately either to filtered air or to 50, 100, 200, 400, 800 or 1,600 ppm p-xylene for 4 hr, or to air or 400 ppm p-xylene for 0.5, 1, 2, 4 or 8 hr. The restricted water schedule remained in effect for the next 72 hr, at which time the rats were given a choice between saccharin and water. Inhalation of all concentrations of p-xylene reduced relative saccharin intake, with maximal aversion at 800 and 1,600 ppm. The aversion produced by 400 ppm p-xylene was maximal at exposures of 2 or more hr, with shorter exposures producing intermediate effects. Total fluid intake was unaffected by p-xylene exposure with the exception of a slight (nonsignificant) decrease in consumption following 1,600 ppm. Exposure to saccharin 24 hr prior to p-xylene produce no aversion, indicating that the reduction in saccharin intake required close temporal pairing of saccharin and p-xylene. Thus inhaled p-xylene at a concentration of 1/2 its TLV (= 100 ppm) caused a significant, learned change in rats' normal consumption of saccharin-flavored water, without disrupting total fluid consumption. JF - Neurotoxicology and teratology AU - Bushnell, P J AU - Peele, D B AD - Neurotoxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. PY - 1988 SP - 273 EP - 277 VL - 10 IS - 3 SN - 0892-0362, 0892-0362 KW - Xylenes KW - 0 KW - 4-xylene KW - 6WAC1O477V KW - Saccharin KW - FST467XS7D KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Reference Values KW - Administration, Inhalation KW - Male KW - Xylenes -- toxicity KW - Conditioning (Psychology) KW - Xylenes -- administration & dosage KW - Taste -- drug effects KW - Avoidance Learning UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78596566?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.atitle=Conditioned+flavor+aversion+induced+by+inhaled+p-xylene+in+rats.&rft.au=Bushnell%2C+P+J%3BPeele%2C+D+B&rft.aulast=Bushnell&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1988-05-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=273&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.issn=08920362&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-02-21 N1 - Date created - 1989-02-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Erratum In: Neurotoxicol Teratol 1988 Nov-Dec;10(6):585 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Behavioral and autonomic thermoregulation in the rat following chlordimeform administration. AN - 78595869; 3211099 AB - This study was designed to assess the effects of a single acute injection of chlordimeform (CDM) on some behavioral and autonomic effectors of the thermoregulatory system of the Sprague-Dawley rat. In one experiment rats injected intraperitoneally with 60 mg/kg CDM were placed in an environmental chamber set at an ambient temperature (Ta) of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 or 30 degrees C for 60 min. Exposure to CDM resulted in hypothermia at Ta's of 5 to 25 degrees C and had no effect on body temperature at a Ta of 30 degrees C. In a second experiment, rats injected with 60 mg/kg CDM were placed in a temperature gradient which permitted the continuous recording of preferred Ta (i.e., behavioral thermoregulation), oxygen consumption (i.e., metabolic rate), and total activity. CDM-treated rats preferred Ta's of 20 degrees C after 60 min in the temperature gradient in spite of a hypothermic body temperature (35.3 degrees C). That is, the animals could have moved to the warm end of the gradient and thereby prevented a fall in body temperature. CDM also led to a significant reduction in oxygen consumption. In a third experiment, foot and tail skin temperature, and heart rate were recorded in anesthetized rats maintained under normothermia while treated with CDM. Tail and foot skin temperature rapidly increased following CDM administration which was indicative of peripheral vasodilation and increased heat loss. The changes in temperature were concomitant with an abrupt drop in heart rate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Neurotoxicology and teratology AU - Gordon, C J AU - Watkinson, W P AD - Neurotoxicology and Inhalation Toxicology, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. PY - 1988 SP - 215 EP - 219 VL - 10 IS - 3 SN - 0892-0362, 0892-0362 KW - Amidines KW - 0 KW - Chlorphenamidine KW - GXA8FP6Y9C KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats, Inbred Strains KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Reference Values KW - Oxygen Consumption -- drug effects KW - Heart Rate -- drug effects KW - Body Temperature -- drug effects KW - Temperature KW - Skin Temperature -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Body Temperature Regulation -- drug effects KW - Chlorphenamidine -- pharmacology KW - Amidines -- pharmacology KW - Motor Activity -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78595869?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.atitle=Behavioral+and+autonomic+thermoregulation+in+the+rat+following+chlordimeform+administration.&rft.au=Gordon%2C+C+J%3BWatkinson%2C+W+P&rft.aulast=Gordon&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1988-05-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=215&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.issn=08920362&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-02-21 N1 - Date created - 1989-02-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effects of type I and II pyrethroids on motor activity and the acoustic startle response in the rat. AN - 78343943; 3396790 AB - Recent data have demonstrated that the in vivo effects of low dosages of two pyrethroids, cismethrin and deltamethrin, can be differentiated. Two behavioral tests, locomotor activity and the acoustic startle response (ASR), were utilized to separate the behavioral actions of Type I and II pyrethroids using permethrin, RU11679, cypermethrin, RU26607, fenvalerate, cyfluthrin, flucythrinate, fluvalinate and p,p'-DDT. Dosage-effect functions for all compounds were determined for both figure-eight-maze activity and the ASR in the rat. All compounds were administered po in 1 ml/kg corn oil 1.5-3 hr prior to testing. All compounds produced dosage-dependent decreases in locomotor activity. The Type I compounds, permethrin and RU11679, along with p,p'-DDT, increased amplitude and had no effect on latency to onset of the ASR. In contrast, the Type II pyrethroids, cypermethrin, cyfluthrin, and flucythrinate, decreased amplitude and increased the latency to onset of the ASR. Fenvalerate increased the amplitude, had no effect on latency, but unlike the other compounds tested, increased ASR sensitization. Fluvalinate had no effect on any measure of the ASR. These data provide further evidence of the differences between the in vivo effects of low dosages of Type I and II pyrethroids, and extend the findings of our previous work to other representatives of the two classes of pyrethroids. JF - Fundamental and applied toxicology : official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Crofton, K M AU - Reiter, L W AD - Neurotoxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1988/05// PY - 1988 DA - May 1988 SP - 624 EP - 634 VL - 10 IS - 4 SN - 0272-0590, 0272-0590 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Pyrethrins KW - DDT KW - CIW5S16655 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - DDT -- toxicity KW - Acoustic Stimulation KW - Male KW - Structure-Activity Relationship KW - Insecticides -- toxicity KW - Reflex, Startle -- drug effects KW - Pyrethrins -- toxicity KW - Motor Activity -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78343943?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fundamental+and+applied+toxicology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=The+effects+of+type+I+and+II+pyrethroids+on+motor+activity+and+the+acoustic+startle+response+in+the+rat.&rft.au=Crofton%2C+K+M%3BReiter%2C+L+W&rft.aulast=Crofton&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1988-05-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=624&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fundamental+and+applied+toxicology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=02720590&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1988-09-08 N1 - Date created - 1988-09-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genotoxicity of complex mixtures: strategies for the identification and comparative assessment of airborne mutagens and carcinogens from combustion sources. AN - 78340482; 3294073 AB - Two strategies for assessment of the toxicity of complex mixtures are described and illustrated with examples from genotoxicity studies of complex combustion mixtures. The first, a strategy for identifying biologically active compounds or compound classes in complex mixtures, is called bioassay-directed fractionation and characterization. The identification and assessment of mutagens and potential carcinogens in complex mixtures has been significantly advanced by the use of short-term genetic bioassays. Bioassay-directed fractionation coupled with new analytical characterization methods has provided the tools needed to more efficiently identify potential carcinogens in complex combustion emissions and urban air samples. These studies have shown that a significant portion of the mutagenicity in combustion emissions and urban air is found in fractions more polar than polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). A second strategy, the comparative potency method, provides an approach to evaluating the relative toxicities of a series of mixtures. The comparative mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of a series of combustion emissions has been assessed using dose-response studies in bacteria, mammalian cells, and rodents. Comparative mutagenic and tumorigenic emission rates or emission factors provide a means to directly compare the relative hazard of the sources. This data base has also been used to develop a comparative risk assessment methodology for combustion emissions. JF - Fundamental and applied toxicology : official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Lewtas, J AD - Genetic Bioassay Branch, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1988/05// PY - 1988 DA - May 1988 SP - 571 EP - 589 VL - 10 IS - 4 SN - 0272-0590, 0272-0590 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens, Environmental KW - Mutagens KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Air Pollutants -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78340482?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fundamental+and+applied+toxicology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Genotoxicity+of+complex+mixtures%3A+strategies+for+the+identification+and+comparative+assessment+of+airborne+mutagens+and+carcinogens+from+combustion+sources.&rft.au=Lewtas%2C+J&rft.aulast=Lewtas&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1988-05-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=571&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fundamental+and+applied+toxicology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=02720590&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1988-09-08 N1 - Date created - 1988-09-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Neutrophil influx measured in nasal lavages of humans exposed to ozone. AN - 78258081; 3382247 AB - Neutrophils (PMNs) obtained by nasal lavage were counted to determine if ozone, an oxidant air pollutant, induces an acute inflammatory response in the upper respiratory tract (URT) of humans. Background data were obtained by the nasal lavages from 200 nonexperimentally exposed subjects. Then, using a known inflammatory agent for the URT, rhinovirus-type 39, the induction, peak, and resolution of an acute inflammatory response was shown to be documented by the nasal lavage PMN counts. To determined if ozone induces this response, 41 subjects were exposed to either filtered air or 0.5 ppm ozone for 4 hr, on 2 consecutive days. Nasal lavages were taken pre-, immediately post each exposure, and 22 hr following the last exposure. Lavage PMN counts increased significantly (p = .005) in the ozone-exposed group, with 3.5-, 6.5-, and 3.9-fold increases over the air-exposed group at the post 1, pre 2, and post 2 time points, respectively. Ozone induces an inflammatory response in the URT of humans, and nasal lavage PMN counts are useful to assay the inflammatory properties of air pollutants. JF - Archives of environmental health AU - Graham, D AU - Henderson, F AU - House, D AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Health Effects Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. PY - 1988 SP - 228 EP - 233 VL - 43 IS - 3 SN - 0003-9896, 0003-9896 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Ozone KW - 66H7ZZK23N KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Space life sciences KW - Therapeutic Irrigation KW - Double-Blind Method KW - Random Allocation KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Atmosphere Exposure Chambers KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Leukocyte Count KW - Inflammation -- pathology KW - Common Cold -- pathology KW - Neutrophils -- drug effects KW - Nasal Mucosa -- cytology KW - Air Pollutants -- adverse effects KW - Ozone -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78258081?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+environmental+health&rft.atitle=Neutrophil+influx+measured+in+nasal+lavages+of+humans+exposed+to+ozone.&rft.au=Graham%2C+D%3BHenderson%2C+F%3BHouse%2C+D&rft.aulast=Graham&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1988-05-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=228&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+environmental+health&rft.issn=00039896&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1988-07-28 N1 - Date created - 1988-07-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-14 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-19 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regulatory health risk assessment classifies substances for hazards. AN - 78253695; 3374939 JF - Occupational health & safety (Waco, Tex.) AU - Beddows, N A AD - Environmental Protection Agency Region I, Boston, Mass. Y1 - 1988/05// PY - 1988 DA - May 1988 SP - 70 EP - 6, 79 VL - 57 IS - 5 SN - 0362-4064, 0362-4064 KW - Carcinogens, Environmental KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Risk KW - Animals KW - Carcinogens, Environmental -- adverse effects KW - Humans KW - Biological Availability KW - Environmental Exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78253695?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occupational+health+%26+safety+%28Waco%2C+Tex.%29&rft.atitle=Regulatory+health+risk+assessment+classifies+substances+for+hazards.&rft.au=Beddows%2C+N+A&rft.aulast=Beddows&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1988-05-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=70&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Occupational+health+%26+safety+%28Waco%2C+Tex.%29&rft.issn=03624064&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1988-07-11 N1 - Date created - 1988-07-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Electrophysiological measures of visual and auditory function as indices of neurotoxicity. AN - 78244733; 3287694 AB - The application of auditory and visual evoked potentials (VEP) to neurotoxicity testing of humans and animals is reviewed. VEPs elicited by flash, reversing-checkerboard patterns, and sine wave grating are described. The flask evoked potential in rats is altered by exposure to many heavy metals, pesticides and solvents. The brainstem auditory evoked potential also appears to be sensitive to neurotoxic chemicals, but the evidence available is limited. The homology of auditory and visual evoked potentials in rats and humans is useful for cross-species extrapolation in neurotoxicology research. JF - Toxicology AU - Otto, D AU - Hudnell, K AU - Boyes, W AU - Janssen, R AU - Dyer, R AD - Neurotoxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1988/05// PY - 1988 DA - May 1988 SP - 205 EP - 218 VL - 49 IS - 2-3 SN - 0300-483X, 0300-483X KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Evoked Potentials, Visual -- drug effects KW - Evoked Potentials, Auditory -- drug effects KW - Nervous System -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78244733?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology&rft.atitle=Electrophysiological+measures+of+visual+and+auditory+function+as+indices+of+neurotoxicity.&rft.au=Otto%2C+D%3BHudnell%2C+K%3BBoyes%2C+W%3BJanssen%2C+R%3BDyer%2C+R&rft.aulast=Otto&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1988-05-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=205&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology&rft.issn=0300483X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1988-06-28 N1 - Date created - 1988-06-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The genetic toxicology of Gene-Tox non-carcinogens. AN - 78220786; 3285185 AB - The Gene-Tox Program has identified 61 chemicals that have been tested in chronic rodent carcinogenesis bioassays and found to be inactive. The genetic toxicology data of these 61 non-carcinogens is reviewed and summarized. A large proportion of these chemicals have been tested to a limited extent in genetic toxicity bioassays: 32 in 2 tests or less. Of the remaining 29 chemicals, 28% have been tested in 9 or more tests which encompass a range of genetic endpoints: gene mutation, chromosomal effects, other genetic endpoints, and cell transformation. The genetic toxicity of 12 chemicals with sufficient data is discussed in detail: benzoin, caffeine caprolactam, ethanol, halothane, hycanthone methanesulfonate, malathion, maleic hydrazide, methotrexate, 1-naphthylamine, 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine, and p-phenylenediamine. A new technique for the evaluation of multiple test data, the "genetic activity profile", has been applied to 6 of these chemicals, allowing the qualitative and quantitative information to be compared collectively. In the evaluation of the genotoxicity effects of these non-carcinogens, a number of discrepancies between the results from genetic toxicity bioassays and chronic rodent bioassays have been uncovered. These discrepancies are discussed in light of current knowledge on the strengths and weaknesses of both genetic toxicity bioassays and chronic rodent bioassays. JF - Mutation research AU - Waters, M D AU - Bergman, H B AU - Nesnow, S AD - Genetic Toxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. PY - 1988 SP - 139 EP - 182 VL - 205 IS - 1-4 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Information Systems KW - Animals KW - Mutagenicity Tests -- methods KW - Chromosome Aberrations KW - Biological Assay KW - Mutation KW - DNA Damage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78220786?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=The+genetic+toxicology+of+Gene-Tox+non-carcinogens.&rft.au=Waters%2C+M+D%3BBergman%2C+H+B%3BNesnow%2C+S&rft.aulast=Waters&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1988-05-01&rft.volume=205&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=139&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1988-06-15 N1 - Date created - 1988-06-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of computerized data listings and activity profiles of genetic and related effects in the review of 195 compounds. AN - 78219950; 3367921 AB - Computer-generated listings of data from short-term tests for genetic and related effects (activity profile listings) were prepared for 195 compounds that included for each compound, the test system (identified by a three-letter code word), qualitative results and the lowest effective dose (LED) or highest ineffective dose (HID) tested. A corresponding bar or line graph (activity profile) was also generated, in which test systems are displayed along the x-axis and the LED or HID values along the y-axis. The listings were reviewed and the data summarized by an IARC Working Group. The methodology used to generate these listings and plots is described, and results are given for one compound, benzene. The entire data base contains approximately 7000 entries from 4000 references. JF - Mutation research AU - Waters, M D AU - Stack, H F AU - Brady, A L AU - Lohman, P H AU - Haroun, L AU - Vainio, H AD - Genetic Toxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. PY - 1988 SP - 295 EP - 312 VL - 205 IS - 1-4 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Benzene KW - J64922108F KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Mutagenicity Tests -- methods KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - DNA Damage KW - In Vitro Techniques KW - Structure-Activity Relationship KW - Information Systems UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78219950?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Use+of+computerized+data+listings+and+activity+profiles+of+genetic+and+related+effects+in+the+review+of+195+compounds.&rft.au=Waters%2C+M+D%3BStack%2C+H+F%3BBrady%2C+A+L%3BLohman%2C+P+H%3BHaroun%2C+L%3BVainio%2C+H&rft.aulast=Waters&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1988-05-01&rft.volume=205&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=295&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1988-06-15 N1 - Date created - 1988-06-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genetic activity profiles and pattern recognition in test battery selection. AN - 78217551; 3367918 AB - Computer-generated genetic activity profiles and pairwise matching procedures may aid in the selection of the most appropriate short-term bioassays to be used in test batteries for the evaluation of the genotoxicity of a given chemical or group of chemicals. Selection of test batteries would be based on a quantitative comparative assessment of the past performance of similar tests applied to other chemicals of the same structural group. The information potentially available for test-battery selection through the use of this pattern-recognition technique is considerably greater than the qualitative results obtained from individual short-term tests. Application of the method should further our understanding of the relationships between chemical properties and genotoxic responses obtained in short-term bioassays and also may contribute to our knowledge of the mechanisms of complex processes such as carcinogenesis. This approach to battery selection should be augmented by careful consideration of established principles of genetic toxicity testing; that is, a chemical should be evaluated in a battery of tests representing the full range of relevant genetic endpoints. JF - Mutation research AU - Waters, M D AU - Stack, H F AU - Rabinowitz, J R AU - Garrett, N E AD - Genetic Toxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. PY - 1988 SP - 119 EP - 138 VL - 205 IS - 1-4 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Mutagens KW - Index Medicus KW - Software KW - Animals KW - Computer Simulation KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - In Vitro Techniques KW - Biological Assay KW - Structure-Activity Relationship KW - Mutagenicity Tests -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78217551?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Genetic+activity+profiles+and+pattern+recognition+in+test+battery+selection.&rft.au=Waters%2C+M+D%3BStack%2C+H+F%3BRabinowitz%2C+J+R%3BGarrett%2C+N+E&rft.aulast=Waters&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1988-05-01&rft.volume=205&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=119&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1988-06-15 N1 - Date created - 1988-06-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An analysis of the Gene-Tox Carcinogen Data Base. AN - 78217315; 3285189 AB - The Gene-Tox Carcinogen Data Base is an evaluated source of cancer data on 506 chemicals selected in part for their previous assessment in genetic toxicology bioassays. This data base has been analyzed for the distribution of these chemicals into chemical classes. The major chemical classes (6% or greater of the total data base) are: acyl-, alkyl-, and aryl-halides; alcohols and phenols; aliphatic and aromatic amines, amides, and sulfonamides; benzene-ring-containing chemicals; organo-lead, -mercury, -phosphorous compounds, metals and derivatives, phosphoric acid esters, and phosphoramides; and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Cancer studies representing a subset of the Gene-Tox Carcinogen Data Base, 199 chemicals which were rated as Sufficient Positive/Negative or Limited Positive/Negative, were examined for distribution of those studies by animal species, gender, route of chemical administration, duration of study, major tumor sites, and major tumor types. These analyses revealed that the Gene-Tox Carcinogen Data Base contains a large number of lifetime studies involving the rat and mouse treated by oral routes of administration. The major organs that were targets were: liver, lung, skin, forestomach, bladder, and mammary gland, while the major tumor types were: carcinoma, sarcoma, papilloma, and adenoma. Chemicals in the data base have been assessed for species-specific carcinogenic effects, and these results indicate that for mice and rats there is a high correspondence (85%). This number is higher than that (71%) reported by Tennant et al. (1986) based on the recent results of 72 chronic cancer bioassays performed by the National Toxicology Program. This difference is probably based on the nature of the chemicals selected for inclusion in both data bases. Although the absolute value of this correspondence is unknown, it would seem to be within this range. When chemicals in the Gene-Tox Carcinogen Data Base were examined for their previous evaluation in 73 genetic toxicology bioassays, only 26 of these bioassays had 30 or more chemicals. In these 26 bioassays, the prevalence of positive chemicals was generally greater than 80-90%. This suggests that a thorough evaluation of genetic toxicology bioassays in regard to their ability to predict carcinogenic effects in animals is premature at this time. JF - Mutation research AU - Nesnow, S AU - Bergman, H AD - Genetic Toxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. PY - 1988 SP - 237 EP - 253 VL - 205 IS - 1-4 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Neoplasms, Experimental -- classification KW - Neoplasms, Experimental -- chemically induced KW - Biological Assay KW - Mice KW - Neoplasms, Experimental -- pathology KW - Structure-Activity Relationship KW - Information Systems KW - Carcinogens -- administration & dosage KW - DNA Damage KW - Carcinogens -- classification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78217315?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=An+analysis+of+the+Gene-Tox+Carcinogen+Data+Base.&rft.au=Nesnow%2C+S%3BBergman%2C+H&rft.aulast=Nesnow&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1988-05-01&rft.volume=205&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=237&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1988-06-15 N1 - Date created - 1988-06-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An analysis by chemical class of Salmonella mutagenicity tests as predictors of animal carcinogenicity. AN - 78216680; 3285187 AB - For a number of years, investigators have recognized that humans potentially are exposed to large numbers of genotoxicants. Many efforts have attempted to validate various short-term bioassays for use as rapid, inexpensive screens for genotoxicants--especially carcinogens. In this analysis, we examine Salmonella mutagenicity as an indicator of potential carcinogenicity by comparing published (and when possible, evaluated) Salmonella results with the evaluated Gene-Tox animal carcinogen data base. The Salmonella bioassay does especially well in those cases where the level of evidence for carcinogenicity is the strongest. Analysis shows that except for specific classes of compounds, the plate-incorporation protocol and the preincubation protocol are equally efficient at detecting mutagens. This paper also demonstrates how validation values (sensitivity, specificity, etc.) vary with chemical class. Overall, this analysis demonstrates that when used and interpreted in a meaningful chemical class context, the Salmonella bioassay remains extremely useful in identifying potential animal carcinogens. JF - Mutation research AU - Claxton, L D AU - Stead, A G AU - Walsh, D AD - Health Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. PY - 1988 SP - 197 EP - 225 VL - 205 IS - 1-4 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Information Systems KW - Animals KW - Neoplasms, Experimental -- chemically induced KW - In Vitro Techniques KW - Biological Assay KW - Structure-Activity Relationship KW - Mutagenicity Tests -- methods KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- drug effects KW - Mutagenicity Tests -- standards KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78216680?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=An+analysis+by+chemical+class+of+Salmonella+mutagenicity+tests+as+predictors+of+animal+carcinogenicity.&rft.au=Claxton%2C+L+D%3BStead%2C+A+G%3BWalsh%2C+D&rft.aulast=Claxton&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1988-05-01&rft.volume=205&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=197&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1988-06-15 N1 - Date created - 1988-06-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pharmacologic probing of amphotericin B-induced renal dysfunction in the neonatal rat. AN - 78215712; 3368916 AB - Acetazolamide, furosemide, chlorothiazide, and amiloride are pharmacologic agents that act primarily in the proximal tubule, loop of Henle, early distal tubule and late distal tubule and collecting duct, respectively. In order to investigate the renal pathophysiology induced by amphotericin B, these diuretic agents were used as probes of discrete segments of the nephron in the neonatal rat. Six-day-old rats were treated with amphotericin B (20 mg/kg, sc) or the vehicle. Twenty-four hours later, when evidence of amphotericin B-induced renal pathophysiology is detectable, the responses to the diuretic agents were assessed in a 2-hr clearance test, during which creatinine clearance (CCr) and the fractional excretion (FE) of water and various components of the filtrate were determined. Amphotericin B induced alterations in basal function including azotemia, hypostenuria, increases FE water and electrolytes, and a decreased FE urea (although CCr was normal). The diuretic responses to furosemide, chlorothiazide, and amiloride were not altered, indicating that the functional viability of the respective tubular segments was not affected by amphotericin B treatment. Although the maximal response to acetazolamide also remained unchanged in amphotericin B-treated pups, there was an attenuation in the half-maximal response, reflecting an apparent shift in the sensitivity to acetazolamide. All of the diuretic agents elicited an increase in urea excretion in amphotericin B-treated pups such that FE urea approached control values. Additionally, the magnitude of this increase was proportional to the magnitude of the increase in water excretion induced by each diuretic agent. These results indicate a disruption of urea recycling in the nephron and support the hypothesis that amphotericin B acts to increase the permeability of the distal tubule to urea. Thus, results from this study demonstrate the usefulness of pharmacologic agents as functional probes in the characterization of specific components of renal pathophysiology. JF - Toxicology and applied pharmacology AU - Gray, J A AU - Kavlock, R J AD - Developmental Biology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1988/05// PY - 1988 DA - May 1988 SP - 360 EP - 368 VL - 93 IS - 3 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - Diuretics KW - 0 KW - Amphotericin B KW - 7XU7A7DROE KW - Urea KW - 8W8T17847W KW - Index Medicus KW - Urea -- metabolism KW - Rats, Inbred Strains KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Drug Interactions KW - Diuretics -- pharmacology KW - Body Water -- metabolism KW - Female KW - Animals, Newborn -- physiology KW - Kidney -- physiology KW - Kidney -- drug effects KW - Amphotericin B -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78215712?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Pharmacologic+probing+of+amphotericin+B-induced+renal+dysfunction+in+the+neonatal+rat.&rft.au=Gray%2C+J+A%3BKavlock%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Gray&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1988-05-01&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=360&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1988-06-16 N1 - Date created - 1988-06-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Innovative Septic System Management AN - 19062463; 8900508 AB - Poorly installed and maintained septic systems pose a serious threat to groundwater quality, particularly in areas of high housing density. These dangers led the Panhandle Health District to establish an innovative septic system management program for Kootenai County, Idaho, to protect the water quality supplied by the Rathdrum Prairie Aquifer. The regulations provided a basis for managing growth, consistent with both economic and environmental needs. Sewage Management Agreements between the Panhandle Health District and individual cities tailor requirements to fit specific local circumstances in a way that encourages alternative proposals from cities and cooperative thinking. The Sewage Management Agreements have served as an effective vehicle for strengthening local environmental management through long-range land-use planning. Strong public education and extensive public participation in the Panhandle Health District strategy development for septic systems were important for its acceptance. The Panhandle Health District approach illustrated the central importance in undertaking a program of first educating the public and then inviting public participation. The process has resulted in a partnership between local and regional government that provides sufficient flexibility for local self-determination, while accomplishing regional goals for wastewater management. (Hammond-PTT) JF - Journal - Water Pollution Control Federation JWPFA5 Vol. 60, No. 5, p 614-620, May 1988. 15 ref. AU - Prins, C J AU - Lustig, K W AD - Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC. Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation Y1 - 1988/05// PY - 1988 DA - May 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Wastewater treatment KW - Septic tanks KW - Path of pollutants KW - Groundwater pollution KW - Environmental protection KW - Planning KW - Potable water KW - Effluents KW - Septic wastewater KW - Water pollution control KW - Aquifers KW - Idaho KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19062463?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Innovative+Septic+System+Management&rft.au=Prins%2C+C+J%3BLustig%2C+K+W&rft.aulast=Prins&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1988-05-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of Feeding Procedure on Microbial Reductions and Performance of Anaerobic Digestion AN - 19062380; 8900511 AB - The effects on microbial densities and other process parameters of changing the feeding protocol of a single stage digester from ' draw down, then fill ' to ' fill, then draw down ' were determined. The effects were barely noticeable for parameters like volatile solids that are reduced moderately during digestion but were large for viruses and the bacterial fecal indicators such as fecal coliform that normally are reduced in digestion by factors of 10 to 100. Equations based on first order kinetics were developed for predicting the effects of changes in hydraulic retention time and feeding protocol on microbial densities. (Author 's abstract) JF - Journal - Water Pollution Control Federation JWPFA5 Vol. 60, No. 5, p 635-644, May 1988. 5 fig, 10 tab, 10 ref. AU - Farrell, J B AU - Erlap, A E AU - Rickabaugh, J AU - Freedman, D AU - Hayes, S AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab Y1 - 1988/05// PY - 1988 DA - May 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Anaerobic digestion KW - Microbial degradation KW - Wastewater treatment KW - Operating policies KW - Pathogens KW - Hydraulics KW - Coliforms KW - Viruses KW - Kinetics KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Retention time KW - Biodegradation KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19062380?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Influence+of+Feeding+Procedure+on+Microbial+Reductions+and+Performance+of+Anaerobic+Digestion&rft.au=Farrell%2C+J+B%3BErlap%2C+A+E%3BRickabaugh%2C+J%3BFreedman%2C+D%3BHayes%2C+S&rft.aulast=Farrell&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1988-05-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Catalytic Oxidation of Groundwater Stripping Emissions AN - 19031647; 8810409 AB - The applicability of catalytic oxidation to control gaseous effluents resulting from air stripping of groundwater is reviewed, with special attention to system design. Several commercially available catalytic incinerators are described, although few of these have been used in conjunction with an air stripping unit. Case studies are presented, and system economics are discussed. It is concluded that catalytic destruction is an attractive technology because: (1) the contaminants are destroyed, not simply transferred to another phase; (2) destruction efficiencies in excess of 95% are readily attained; (3) it represents a cost-effective alternative to other available technologies; and (4) commercial units are currently available. However, data are limited. Control of air emissions from air stripping units differs from other applications because of the low concentrations of contaminants, the high humidity, and catalyst deactivation. Laboratory-scale research on matching of catalyst to contaminant, selection of reactor type and operating temperatures, and development of techniques for performance evaluation will greatly aid transfer of the technology to the field. (Doria-PTT) JF - Environmental Progress ENVPDI Vol. 7, No. 2, p 136-142, May 1988. 3 fig, 2 tab, 14 ref. AU - Kosusko, M AU - Mullins, ME AU - Ramanathan, K AU - Rogers, T N AD - Environmental Protection Agency Research Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab Y1 - 1988/05// PY - 1988 DA - May 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Oxidation KW - Water treatment KW - Chemical treatment KW - Groundwater pollution KW - Air pollution KW - Air stripping KW - Water pollution KW - Catalysts KW - Case studies KW - Environmental protection KW - Cost analysis KW - Organic compounds KW - Solvents KW - Organic solvents KW - Hydrocarbons KW - Chlorinated hydrocarbons KW - Fuel KW - Adsorption KW - Carbon KW - Incineration KW - Performance evaluation KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19031647?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Catalytic+Oxidation+of+Groundwater+Stripping+Emissions&rft.au=Kosusko%2C+M%3BMullins%2C+ME%3BRamanathan%2C+K%3BRogers%2C+T+N&rft.aulast=Kosusko&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1988-05-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Granular Activated Carbon for Controlling THMs AN - 19027686; 8809837 AB - Suggested reduction of the maximum contaminant level for trihalomethanes (THMs) could force many utilities to change disinfectants or to alter treatment processes. Faced with this possibility, more utilities are considering granular activated carbon (GAC) for trace organics removal. However, GAC will not be effective for all situations. This article presents performance and cost data, collected from five sites, for the removal of THMs, their precursors, and surrogates. The cost of GAC treatment varied for each location examined, with 14.9 cents/1000 gal being the lower cost for a 25-microgram/L total THM goal and 98 cents/1000 gal the highest cost. For a 50-microgram/L total THM goal, the lower cost was 13.8 cents/1000 gal and the highest cost was 82.9 cents/1000 gal. This cost would have to be evaluated with other treatment alternatives for controlling THMs, taking into account disinfection by-products other than THMs and any other detrimental effects. (Shidler-PTT) JF - Journal of the American Water Works Association JAWWA5 Vol. 80, No. 5, p 85-92, May 1988. 13 fig, 4 tab, 19 ref. AU - Lykins, B W AU - Clark, R M AU - Adams, J Q AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH Y1 - 1988/05// PY - 1988 DA - May 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Water treatment KW - Activated carbon KW - Organic compounds KW - Trihalomethanes KW - Disinfection KW - Water quality standards KW - Trace levels KW - Cost analysis KW - Operating costs KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19027686?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Granular+Activated+Carbon+for+Controlling+THMs&rft.au=Lykins%2C+B+W%3BClark%2C+R+M%3BAdams%2C+J+Q&rft.aulast=Lykins&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1988-05-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Region III Environmental Protection Agency Ground Water Protection Program AN - 19022361; 8808900 AB - In the summer of 1984, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) issued its strategy to protect groundwater. The aim of the Ground Water Strategy is to build up the institutional capability in the states and the EPA to deal with groundwater problems on a comprehensive and coordinated basis. It is felt that the Strategy provides greater consistency and coherence among EPA programs aimed at protecting groundwater and initiates new steps to deal with major forms of groundwater contamination that are presently not fully controlled. The basic elements of the Strategy are to do the following: (1) strengthen state groundwater programs, (2) cope with currently unaddressed groundwater problems, (3) create a policy framework for guiding EPA programs, and (4) strengthen internal groundwater organization. These 4 points are discussed in more detail, and the importance of this program in protecting groundwater in the U.S. is pointed out. (Brock-PTT) JF - Water Pollution Control Association of Pennsylvania Magazine Vol. 21, No. 3, p 7-9, May-June 1988. AU - Kerzner, S AD - Environmental Protection Agency Philadelphia, PA. Region III Y1 - 1988/05// PY - 1988 DA - May 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Water pollution control KW - Groundwater management KW - Groundwater pollution KW - Environmental protection KW - Federal jurisdiction KW - State jurisdiction KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19022361?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Region+III+Environmental+Protection+Agency+Ground+Water+Protection+Program&rft.au=Kerzner%2C+S&rft.aulast=Kerzner&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1988-05-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biotransformation of chlordecone by Pseudomonas species. AN - 78330818; 2456645 AB - 1. Six-month chlordecone enrichment cultures with added chlordecone yielded several Gram-negative micro-organisms that were resistant to and/or degraded chlordecone. 2. Three Pseudomonas spp. were further characterized for their chlordecone degrading ability. 3. Chlordecone and two derivatives, Mirex and Kelevan, supported growth of these strains. 4. All three Pseudomonas spp. decreased the concentration of chlordecone in the medium after 14 days incubation, as determined by h.p.l.c. analysis when it was added either as sole carbon source or in the presence of medium supplements. JF - Xenobiotica; the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems AU - George, S E AU - Claxton, L D AD - Health Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1988/04// PY - 1988 DA - April 1988 SP - 407 EP - 416 VL - 18 IS - 4 SN - 0049-8254, 0049-8254 KW - Culture Media KW - 0 KW - Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated KW - Insecticides KW - kelevan KW - 4234-79-1 KW - Chlordecone KW - RG5XJ88UDF KW - Mirex KW - Z917AN264P KW - Index Medicus KW - Mirex -- pharmacology KW - Biotransformation KW - Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated -- pharmacology KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Insecticides -- pharmacokinetics KW - Pseudomonas -- drug effects KW - Chlordecone -- pharmacokinetics KW - Pseudomonas -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78330818?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Xenobiotica%3B+the+fate+of+foreign+compounds+in+biological+systems&rft.atitle=Biotransformation+of+chlordecone+by+Pseudomonas+species.&rft.au=George%2C+S+E%3BClaxton%2C+L+D&rft.aulast=George&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1988-04-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=407&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Xenobiotica%3B+the+fate+of+foreign+compounds+in+biological+systems&rft.issn=00498254&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1988-08-29 N1 - Date created - 1988-08-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Was it poisoning? AN - 78266910; 3381480 JF - Veterinary and human toxicology AU - Kimbrough, R D AD - Environmental Protection Agency, Health and Risk Capabilities, ORO, Washington, DC 20460. Y1 - 1988/04// PY - 1988 DA - April 1988 SP - 113 EP - 118 VL - 30 IS - 2 SN - 0145-6296, 0145-6296 KW - Chlorphenamidine KW - GXA8FP6Y9C KW - Dimethylnitrosamine KW - M43H21IO8R KW - Index Medicus KW - Infant KW - Hemolysis -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Family KW - Chlorphenamidine -- poisoning KW - Occupational Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Dimethylnitrosamine -- poisoning KW - Male KW - Female KW - Poisoning -- veterinary KW - Poisoning -- diagnosis KW - Disease Outbreaks UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78266910?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+and+human+toxicology&rft.atitle=Was+it+poisoning%3F&rft.au=Kimbrough%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Kimbrough&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1988-04-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=113&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+and+human+toxicology&rft.issn=01456296&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1988-07-15 N1 - Date created - 1988-07-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hyperactivity induced by triadimefon, a triazole fungicide. AN - 78221026; 3371585 AB - Triadimefon is an agriculturally important triazole fungicide. The present experiments were conducted to characterize the effects of triadimefon on a measure of motor activity. Dosage-effect, time-effect, and the effect of repeated dosing (7 days) were determined following triadimefon exposure. Male Long Evans hooded rats, approximately 70 days old, received triadimefon po in 2.0 ml/kg corn oil. Motor activity testing was conducted for 1 hr in figure-eight mazes. For the dosage-effect determination, triadimefon (50-400 mg/kg) was administered 1 hr prior to testing. In the time-course study, triadimefon (200 mg/kg) was administered either 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, or 24 hr prior to testing. In the repeated dosing experiment animals received triadimefon (100 mg/kg) daily for 7 days and were tested 24 hr after the last exposure. Triadimefon produced significant hyperactivity following dosages of 100 and 200 mg/kg. This hyperactivity was rapid in both onset (0.5 hr) and recovery (8.0 hr). Repeated dosing with 100 mg/kg/day revealed no cumulative effects nor tolerance. These results indicate that triadimefon produces a transient hyperactivity at dosages 17 to 33% of the reported LD50. JF - Fundamental and applied toxicology : official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Crofton, K M AU - Boncek, V M AU - Reiter, L W AD - Neurotoxicology Division, Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1988/04// PY - 1988 DA - April 1988 SP - 459 EP - 465 VL - 10 IS - 3 SN - 0272-0590, 0272-0590 KW - Fungicides, Industrial KW - 0 KW - Triazoles KW - triadimefon KW - 1HW039CJF0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Stimulation, Chemical KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Male KW - Triazoles -- toxicity KW - Motor Activity -- drug effects KW - Fungicides, Industrial -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78221026?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fundamental+and+applied+toxicology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Hyperactivity+induced+by+triadimefon%2C+a+triazole+fungicide.&rft.au=Crofton%2C+K+M%3BBoncek%2C+V+M%3BReiter%2C+L+W&rft.aulast=Crofton&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1988-04-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=459&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fundamental+and+applied+toxicology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=02720590&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1988-07-14 N1 - Date created - 1988-07-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Underground Storage Tank Regulations: Status and Direction AN - 19272504; 8912048 AB - Leaking underground storage tanks (USTs) pose a number of environmental and safety threats, including a fire and explosion hazards and water, soil and air contamination. As a result of several well-publicized leak incidents and a general growing awareness of tank problems. Congress passed the 1984 amendments to the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). These amendments established a new Subtitle I, regulating USTs containing petroleum and hazardous substances. The UST program is based on a franchise approach. As such, implementation is expected to occur primarily on the state and local level rather than on the federal level. One reason for this approach is the very large size of the regulated community. To allow this approach to function, a high degree of flexibility has been built into the program and each state has a great deal of freedom in its approach to program implementation. The proposed rule is comprehensive, covering notification requirements, spill and overfill controls, performance standards for both new and existing petroleum and hazardous substance tanks, release detection, reporting and record keeping, corrective action and closure requirements. Separate rules cover financial responsibility and state program approval requirements. A final rule package is expected in early summer, 1988, and most parts should become effective 90 days after promulgation. (See also W89-12002) (Lantz-PTT) JF - HWHM 88: Hazardous Wastes and Hazardous Materials. Proceedings of the 5th National Conference held April 19-21 1988, Las Vegas, Nevada. 1988. p 347-350. AU - Cabreza, J AD - Environmental Protection Agency Seattle, WA. Region X Y1 - 1988/04// PY - 1988 DA - Apr 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Water pollution control KW - Underground storage KW - Legislation KW - Regulations KW - Federal jurisdiction KW - Leaching KW - Hazardous wastes KW - Waste storage KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - SW 4050:Water law and institutions UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19272504?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Underground+Storage+Tank+Regulations%3A+Status+and+Direction&rft.au=Cabreza%2C+J&rft.aulast=Cabreza&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1988-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Troubleshooting an Existing Treatment Plant AN - 19256237; 8908521 AB - Investigating a filtration plant that is not meeting the performance criteria for turbidity or is having a problem of performance may become a more common activity if the Surface Water Treatment Rule is enacted as proposed, with the operating criteria of producing water with a turbidity of 0.5 Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU) or lower in at least 95% of the samples measured each month, for plants that coagulate and filter water. This paper reviews the procedures used during the investigation of the Carrollton Water Filtration Plant in February 1987, at the time of a waterborne outbreak caused by Cryptosporidium. Recommendations for improvements in equipment and operating procedures are given, and the changes made are described. Information is presented on present water quality vs. quality before the outbreak. Improvements to the 9 MGD plant have cost about $300,000. (Lantz-PTT) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield VA 22161, as PB88-218441. Price codes: A03 in paper copy, A01 in microfiche. Report No. EPA/600/D-88/126, June 1988. 17p, 3 fig, 3 tab, 9 ref. AU - Logsdon, G S AU - Mason, L AU - Stanley, J B AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH. Drinking Water Research Div Y1 - 1988/04// PY - 1988 DA - Apr 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Water treatment facilities KW - Water treatment KW - Population expsosure KW - Performance evaluation KW - Turbidity KW - Filtration KW - Water quality control KW - Costs KW - Physical treatment KW - Water management KW - Human diseases KW - Case studies KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19256237?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Troubleshooting+an+Existing+Treatment+Plant&rft.au=Logsdon%2C+G+S%3BMason%2C+L%3BStanley%2C+J+B&rft.aulast=Logsdon&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1988-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of Technologies for Treating Aqueous Metal/Cyanide Bearing Hazardous Waste (F007) AN - 19256036; 8911006 AB - As a result of recent developments in the area of hazardous waste management, the U.S. EPA is evaluating the performance of various technologies for the treatment and/or destruction of certain wastes that are presently being disposed of in landfills and surface impoundments. As a part of this program testing is being conducted on existing treatment technologies that are applicable to metal and cyanide bearing hazardous wastes. The following unit processes were evaluated: alkaline chlorination, precipitation, filtration, anion exchange, and cation exchange. Results of these studies are presented. Two-stage alkaline chlorination coupled with anion exchange was able to polish a cyanide-bearing electroplating wastewater (F007) to the accepted discharge level for cyanide (< 1 parts per million (ppm) of total cyanide). Cation exchange polishing proved to be effective in removing residual metal species from the lime precipitation effluent (< 0.4 ppm for each metal). Examination of several process configurations utilizing alkaline chlorination and ion exchange determined that it was not possible to completely separate cyanide/cyanide complexes from metals in sludges produced in the treatment process. (Lantz-PTT) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield VA 22161, as PB88-249842. Price codes: A03 in paper copy, A01 in microfiche. Report No. EOA/600/D-88/195, August 1988. 14p, 77 fig, 9 tab, 3 ref. EPA Contract 68-03-4038. AU - Grosse, D W AU - Hassan, SO AU - Vitello, M P AU - Koczwara, M K AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab Y1 - 1988/04// PY - 1988 DA - Apr 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Liquid wastes KW - Cyanide KW - Hazardous wastes KW - Waste disposal KW - Landfills KW - Chlorination KW - Chemical treatment KW - Chemical precipitation KW - Filtration KW - Anion exchange KW - Cation exchange KW - Wastewater treatment KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19256036?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+Technologies+for+Treating+Aqueous+Metal%2FCyanide+Bearing+Hazardous+Waste+%28F007%29&rft.au=Grosse%2C+D+W%3BHassan%2C+SO%3BVitello%2C+M+P%3BKoczwara%2C+M+K&rft.aulast=Grosse&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1988-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Slow Sand Filtration in the United States AN - 19218294; 8910256 AB - Interest in slow sand filtration has increased dramatically in the United States in the past ten years. Research conducted to evaluate removal of Giardia cysts and bacteria, showed that slow sand filtration is very effective in removal of these contaminants. Slow sand filters are much simpler and easier to operate than plants that employ coagulation. Therefore, they are very well suited for treatment of previously unfiltered surface waters and would be well suited for small utilities serving from 25 to 3000 persons. The EPA estimates that about 1000 slow sand filters may be built as a result of proposed EPA regulations on surface water treatment. (Author 's abstract) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield VA 22161, as PB88-238118. Price codes: A03 in paper copy, A01 in microfiche. Report No. EPA/600/D-88/176, August 1988. 25p, 5 tab , 21 ref. AU - Logsdon, G S AU - Fox, K R AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH. Drinking Water Research Div Y1 - 1988/04// PY - 1988 DA - Apr 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Drinking water KW - Sand filters KW - Water treatment KW - Bacteria KW - Protozoa KW - Water quality control KW - Filtration KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19218294?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Slow+Sand+Filtration+in+the+United+States&rft.au=Logsdon%2C+G+S%3BFox%2C+K+R&rft.aulast=Logsdon&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1988-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Selection Criteria for Mathematical Models Used in Exposure Assessments: Ground-Water Models AN - 19203685; 8910998 AB - Prior to the issuance of the Guidelines for Estimating Exposures in 1986, the US EPA published proposed guidelines for public review and comment. The purpose of the guidelines is to provide a general approach and framework for carrying out human and nonhuman exposure assessments for specific pollutants. As a result of the review process, four areas were identified that required further research. One of these was the area of selection criteria for mathematical models used in exposure assessments. The purpose of this document is to present criteria that provide a means for selecting the most appropriate mathematical model(s) for conducting an exposure assessment related to groundwater contamination. General guidelines and principles for model selection criteria are presented followed by a step-by-step approach to identifying the appropriate models are grouped into categories and a framework is provided for selecting the appropriate model(s) based on the response to the technical criteria. Brief summaries of all the currently available models discussed in this report are contained in the appendix. Two site-specific example problems are provided to demonstrate the procedure for selecting the appropriate mathematical model for a particular application. (Author 's abstract) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield VA 22161, as PB88-248752. Price codes: A10 in paper copy, A01 in microfiche. Report No. EPA/600/8-88/075, May 1988. 225p, 2 fig, 3 tab, 43 ref, append. EPA Contract 68-01-6939. AU - Bond, F AU - Hwang, S AD - Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment Y1 - 1988/04// PY - 1988 DA - Apr 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Population exposure KW - Model studies KW - Standards KW - Mathematical models KW - Groundwater management KW - Groundwater movement KW - Comparison studies KW - Groundwater pollution KW - Hydrologic models KW - Decision making KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - SW 0840:Groundwater UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19203685?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Selection+Criteria+for+Mathematical+Models+Used+in+Exposure+Assessments%3A+Ground-Water+Models&rft.au=Bond%2C+F%3BHwang%2C+S&rft.aulast=Bond&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1988-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of Flexible Membranes in Protection of Groundwater AN - 19167602; 8903730 AB - Flexible membrane liners (FML) are increasingly being used to prevent leachate and other waste fluids generated at landfills, surface impoundments, and waste piles from entering the groundwater. The Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments (HSWA) of 1984 requires liners and leachate collection components to be chemically resistant to the fluids to be contained, be constructed of materials that can be properly installed, maintained and repaired, and be durable. Landfill disposal facilities that are properly designed, constructed, and operated continue to provide an economical and safe method for disposing of hazardous waste. Landfills with two (or more) FML liners, a primary and secondary leachate collection and removal system that can withstand chemical attack, and an esthetically pleasing cover system with adequate vegetation, drainage, and barrier layer can meet governmental regulations. EPA has and continues to support research into specific areas of concern, e.g., the design and chemical resistance of a land disposal system 's component parts and the establishment of guidelines for QA/QC plans relating to the construction of a land disposal facility. (Lantz-PTT) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield VA 22161, as PB88-195649. Price codes: A03 in paper copy, A01 in microfiche. Report No. EPA/600/D-88/060, April 1988. 14p, 5 ref. AU - Landreth, R E AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab Y1 - 1988/04// PY - 1988 DA - Apr 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Groundwater quality KW - Water pollution control KW - Membranes KW - Leachates KW - Landfills KW - Water pollution prevention KW - Liners KW - Waste disposal KW - SW 3050:Ultimate disposal of wastes KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19167602?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Use+of+Flexible+Membranes+in+Protection+of+Groundwater&rft.au=Landreth%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Landreth&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1988-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Superfund Record of Decision, John Deere Dubuque Works, IA AN - 19121788; 9100559 AB - The John Deere Dubuque Works (JDDW) site is located approximately 2.5 miles north of the City of Dubuque, Iowa. Prior to 1968, wastes were placed in the low areas of the landfill and combustible materials were burned. Wastes included caustics (sodium or potassium hydroxide), acids (hydrochloric and sulfuric), petroleum distillates (solvents, grinding oils), heavy metals (chromium, lead, zinc), cyanide and paint sludges. Another area of concern at the facility is the site of a 1980, 200,000- gallon diesel fuel spill. The primary contaminants of concern affecting the groundwater are volatile organic compounds including benzene, tetrachloroethylene, trichloroethane, and toluene. The selected remedial action for this site includes: development of an alternative potable water supply for the plant; extraction and offsite discharge of water from the contaminated alluvial aquifer using the existing production wells to maintain drawdown around the plant and landfill areas; continuation of extraction and treatment of non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) from production well number 3 with offsite discharge of treated groundwater and offsite disposal of collected NAPLs; imposition of deed restrictions to prevent inappropriate use of the plant property in the future; and development of a contingency plan to insure that contaminants do not migrate offsite in the event of a plant shutdown (which would result in the loss of drawdown from production wells). The estimated present worth cost for this remedial action is $5,151 ,800 with annual operations and maintenance costs of $276,600. (Lantz-PTT) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22161, as PB89-188718. Price codes: A03 in paper copy, A01 in microfiche. Report No. EPA/ROD/RO7-88/021, September 29, 1988. 48p, 5 fig, 3 tab. Y1 - 1988/04// PY - 1988 DA - Apr 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Cleanup operations John Deere Dubuque Work Site Site remediation KW - Superfund Acids Aquifers Bases Fuel Groundwater pollution KW - Groundwater quality Iowa Landfills Solvents Waste disposal KW - Wastewater treatment KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19121788?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Superfund+Record+of+Decision%2C+John+Deere+Dubuque+Works%2C+IA&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1988-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Superfund Record of Decision: Montgomery Township Housing Development, NJ AN - 19121174; 9103561 AB - The Montgomery Township Housing Development (MTHD) site is located in Somerset County, New Jersey. The Rocky Hill Municipal Wellfield (RHMW) Superfund site is also covered by this remedial action because of its proximity to the MTHD and the similarity of the contaminants present. The 72-acre MTHD site is a development which includes 71 private homes, with an additional 6 homes affected by the contamination in the surrounding residential areas. The RHMW consists of a two-acre tract of land in the Borough of Rocky Hill, which supplies public water to the residents of Rocky Hill. In 1978, a study of the RHMW revealed trichloroethylene (TCE) contamination, which led to closure of one well and eventual installation of an air stripping treatment unit on the well in 1983. Concern over the groundwater contamination in Rocky Hill spurred the initial sampling of residential wells in MTHD from December 1979 to January 1980. In March 1981, Elizabethtown Water Company water lines were installed in MTHD, and residents were advised not to use well water. Twenty homes initially elected to connect to the municipal supply, and at the present time 38 residences have hooked up. In September 1987, an operable unit Record of Decision (ROD) was signed by EPA, which provides for the supply of alternate water through the permanent hookup of all MTHD residences, and six residences outside of MTHD, to the available public water supply system. Incomplete field investigations have identified 13 possible sources of contamination. The nearby Princeton Gamma Tech property has been identified as a primary source of TCE contamination in the area. The primary contaminant of concern affecting the groundwater is TCE. The selected remedial action for this site includes: groundwater pump and treatment using air stripping and reinjection of the treated water back into the aquifer; connecting any remaining affected residences to the public water supply and sealing of remaining private water supply and monitoring wells within the contaminant plume; and implementation of groundwater monitoring. Present worth cost for this remedial action is $2, 548,000 with annual O &M costs of $94,000. (Author 's abstract) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22161, as PB89-204770/AS. Price codes: A04 in paper copy, A01 in microfiche. Report No. EPA/ROD/R02-88/060. June 1988. 63p, 8 fig, 6 tab. Y1 - 1988/04// PY - 1988 DA - Apr 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Cleanup operations New Jersey Path of pollutants Superfund KW - Trichloroethylene Air stripping Costs Water supply Wells KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19121174?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Superfund+Record+of+Decision%3A+Montgomery+Township+Housing+Development%2C+NJ&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1988-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Superfund Record of Decision: South Valley/SJ-6, NM. Third Remedial Action AN - 19120498; 9102664 AB - The South Valley/SJ-6 site is located on the southern margin of Albuquerque, New Mexico, just north of South Valley. The total site encompasses the SJ-6 municipal well, and six industrial facilities and their surrounding properties within an approximately one square mile radius. Land use is primarily industrial and agricultural with residential areas located immediately north of the site. Industrial development began in the South Valley area just prior to the 1940s. Metal parts were manufactured in the area starting around 1948. By the 1960s, organic chemicals were being handled and packaged on the site. Currently, petroleum fuels and various chlorinated organics are stored, handled and used within the South Valley areas. Groundwater contamination was first suspected in 1973 when foul tastes and odors were noted in groundwater from a private well on the Edmunds property in South Valley. Subsequent sampling revealed the presence of several VOCs in three municipal wells including SJ-6. One of the wells was resampled in 1988 and found to be free of contaminants, another well was taken out of service because of mechanical problems, and SJ-6 was shut down in 1980 due to the continual detection of low levels of solvents. This Record of Decision (ROD) addresses only the source and extent of groundwater contamination in the vicinity of JS-6. Principle threats at the site (i.e., the source and emanating plumes of contamination from surrounding areas) are being addressed through remedial actions initiated by EPA in separate RODs. The primary contaminants of concern affecting the groundwater are VOCs including 1,1-DCE, PCE and TCE. The selected remedial action for this site includes: removal and disposal of 100 cu yds of contaminated sediments at the base of the SJ-6 borehole; sealing abandoned wells; groundwater monitoring; and access restrictions. The estimated present worth cost for this remedial action is $4,000,000 with estimated an annual operation and maintenance of $300,000. (Author 's abstract) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22161, as PB89-204804/AS. Price codes: AO4 in paper copy, AO1 in microfiche. Report No. EPA/ROD/R06-88/041. September 1988. 62p, 3 fig, 1 tab, 3 append. Y1 - 1988/04// PY - 1988 DA - Apr 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Cleanup operations Groundwater pollution Industrial wastes New KW - Mexico Site remediation Soil contamination Superfund Costs KW - Monitoring Remediation measures Solvents Volatile organic KW - compounds KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19120498?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Superfund+Record+of+Decision%3A+South+Valley%2FSJ-6%2C+NM.+Third+Remedial+Action&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1988-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Five Year Program Strategy for the Great Lakes National Program Office, FY 1989-1993 AN - 19119442; 9100552 AB - A five year strategy for the EPA 's Great Lakes National Program Office (GLNPO) has two principle purposes: (1) to inform other EPA programs, Federal agencies, the Great Lakes States, and the public of GLNPO 's goals and how they will be addressed; and (2) To provide a long term strategic framework for GLNPO, within which annual budget and workplan priorities can be established. Chapter one provides an overview of the Great Lakes Program office and its role in relation to the governmental organizations that influence environmental management decisions within the Great Lakes Basin, both in the US and Canada. Chapter two provides an overview of the great lakes ecosystem. Chapter three describes water quality problems within the Great Lakes Basin. Chapter four summarizes Federal and State environmental programs that work in the Great Lakes Basin with a review of significant accomplishments. Chapter five describes the 1987 amendments to the Clean Water Act that define GLNPO 's statutory charter to coordinate the US response to the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement. Chapter six provides an overview of the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement. Chapter seven presents GLNPO 's five year strategy for addressing the priorities defined in the Agreement and for fulfilling its statutory mandate. (Lantz-PTT) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22161, as PB89-206023. Price codes: A05 in paper copy, A01 in microfiche. Report No. EPA/905/9-89/001, GLNPO-89/1 , December 1988. 84p, 6 fig, 4 tab. Y1 - 1988/04// PY - 1988 DA - Apr 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Great Lakes National Program Regulations Water quality KW - Ecosystems Environmental protection Federal jurisdiction Great KW - Lakes Management planning Project planning State jurisdiction KW - Water quality control Water quality management KW - SW 0850:Lakes KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19119442?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Five+Year+Program+Strategy+for+the+Great+Lakes+National+Program+Office%2C+FY+1989-1993&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1988-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Superfund Record of Decision: Avtex Fibers, VA. First Remedial Action AN - 19117706; 9102656 AB - The 440-acre Avtex Fibers site is located in Warren County, Front Royal, Virginia. The facility is bounded to the west and northwest by the Shenandoah River and to the south, northwest, and east by residential areas. Approximately 1,300 people live within one mile of the site. The western part of the site lies within the limits of the Shenandoah River ' s 100-year floodplain. The Avtex Fibers site has produced rayon fibers since 1940, polyester between 1970 and 1977, and polypropylene since 1985. During this 48-year period, byproducts from the rayon manufacturing process were disposed of in onsite surface impoundments. These byproducts included sodium cellulose xanthate-based viscose and zinc-hydroxide sludge. Fly ash (from incinerator exhaust air pollution control devices) and boiler house solids were disposed of in five other surface impoundments. Land disposal of viscose waste ceased in 1983; since that time, the waste has been routed directly to an onsite wastewater treatment plant. In 1982, carbon disulfide, a constituent of viscose waste, was identified in groundwater samples from residential wells located across the Shenandoah River from the site. In response to the results of a groundwater investigation Avtex implemented interim measures, which included purchasing 23 subdivision properties on the west side of the river that had contaminated domestic wells, and initiating a groundwater pump and treatment program. This Record of Decision (ROD) is the first of two operable units and addresses groundwater remediation and interim remedial measures for the viscose basins responsible for groundwater contamination. A subsequent remedial action will address source control and viscose basin remediation. The primary contaminants of concern affecting the groundwater are phenols, and metals including arsenic and lead. The selected remedial action for this site includes: groundwater and basin liquid pump and treatment in the existing onsite activated sludge wastewater treatment plant, following completion of necessary upgrades, modifications, and construction of pretreatment units, with offsite discharge of treated water to the Shenandoah River; monitoring on-site and off-site groundwater, surface water, and basin fluids; and placing deed restrictions prohibiting the use of groundwater on the affected properties. The estimated present worth cost for this remedial action is $9,122,000. (Author 's abstract) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22161, as PB89-206197/AS. Price codes: AO5 in paper copy, AO1 in microfiche. Report No. EPA/ROD/R03-88/055. September 1988. 80p, 5 fig, 10 tab. Y1 - 1988/04// PY - 1988 DA - Apr 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Cleanup operations Groundwater pollution Industrial wastes Site KW - remediation Superfund Virginia Water pollution treatment Arsenic KW - Costs Fly ash Heavy metals Lead Phenols Polyester Polypropylene KW - Rayon Remediation measures KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19117706?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Superfund+Record+of+Decision%3A+Avtex+Fibers%2C+VA.+First+Remedial+Action&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1988-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pesticides in Ground Water Data Base: 1988 Interim Report AN - 19114301; 9100569 AB - A pesticides database was developed to compile results from monitoring studies conducted by pesticide registrants, universities and government agencies. The Pesticides in Groundwater Data Base identifies the pesticides that have been searched for in groundwater, the areas that have been monitored, and the pesticides that have been detected. An important component in the development of the database was the data confirmation program which involves contacting the director or responsible agent for each study in order to document and assess the sample collection and analysis procedures used in the study. This report outlines the development of the database, the data confirmation program, and how the database will be used by the EPA to support the registration process for pesticides. An attempt is made to segregate the results according to the quality of the study and the origin of the contamination (i.e., point source origins vs. leaching through the soil following applications in accordance with registration). The report is an interim report in that the data confirmation continues and new data is added to it daily. (Author 's Abstract) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22161, as PB89-164230. Price codes: A03 in paper copy, A01 in microfiche. EPA Report No. 540/09-89-036, December 1988. 155p, 5 fig, 5 tab, 9 ref, 6 append. AU - Lorber, M N AU - Parsons, D W AU - Holden, P W AU - Williams, WM AD - Environmental Protection Agency Y1 - 1988/04// PY - 1988 DA - Apr 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Data collections Data storage and retrieval Databases KW - Groundwater pollution Pesticides Pollutant identification KW - Computers Monitoring KW - SW 5080:Evaluation, processing and publication KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - SW 0840:Groundwater UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19114301?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Pesticides+in+Ground+Water+Data+Base%3A+1988+Interim+Report&rft.au=Lorber%2C+M+N%3BParsons%2C+D+W%3BHolden%2C+P+W%3BWilliams%2C+WM&rft.aulast=Lorber&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1988-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Wetlands and Wastewater Management: Questions, Answers, Advice, and Guidance AN - 19113312; 9103014 AB - Focus is placed on the treatment or disposal of wastewater in natural or constructed wetlands both of which may be able to meet some of a community 's wastewater disposal and/or treatment needs. The final determination of the appropriateness of a specific discharge to a specific wetland rests on an individual, detailed site assessment. In this document, a number of factors relevant to the assessment are addressed, which include: (1) the initial background assessment of whether wetlands may be appropriate for meeting a community 's wastewater management needs; (2) a summary of the regulations which relate to wastewater discharge to wetlands; (3) an assessment of the quality and quantity of wastewater; (4) an analysis of the wetland values in a community and an evaluation of the wetland 's ability to tolerate or treat inflows of wastewater; (5) an outline of the possibilities that constructed wetlands may offer; (6) a presentation on the economics of using constructed or natural wetlands to meet treatment or disposal needs; and (7) a discussion of community wastewater management strategies. (Lantz-PTT) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22161, as PB89-190409. Price codes: A09 in paper copy, A01 in microfiche. February 1988. 173p, 91 ref, 2 append. AU - Wernstedt, K AD - Environmental Protection Agency Y1 - 1988/04// PY - 1988 DA - Apr 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Decision making Project planning Wastewater management KW - Wastewater treatment Wetland waste treatment Wetlands treatment KW - Artificial wetlands Community development Management planning KW - Social aspects Waste disposal Wastewater disposal KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19113312?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Wetlands+and+Wastewater+Management%3A+Questions%2C+Answers%2C+Advice%2C+and+Guidance&rft.au=Wernstedt%2C+K&rft.aulast=Wernstedt&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1988-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Superfund Record of Decision: Wildcat Landfill, DE AN - 19113270; 9103587 AB - The Wildcat Landfill site is located 2.5 mi southeast of Dover in Kent County, Delaware. The 44-acre site is bordered to the north and east by the St. Jones River and its associated wetlands, and to the south and west by residential and commercial developments. A pond created by construction of the landfill, is located directly adjacent to the site along the northwestern edge. The pond is the subject of a second operable unit for the site. Portions of the site lie within the 100-year floodplain of the St. Jones River. The site was operated as a permitted sanitary landfill between 1962 and 1973, accepting both municipal and industrial wastes. Industrial wastes suspected to have been disposed include latex waste and paint sludges. Throughout its 11 years of operation, the facility routinely violated operating and other permits issued by regulating agencies. EPA began investigating the site in 1982. Typical wastes encountered at the site included municipal refuse latex in strips and sheets; scattered crushed, empty, or intact drums; and manufactured plastic items. Much of the waste is located on low-lying wetland. Consequently, in that area of the landfill, wastes are in direct contact with the, surficial sand aquifer. The primary contaminants of concern affecting the soil and groundwater are volatile organic compounds including benzene , other organics including PCBs, and metals including arsenic and lead. The selected remedial action for this site includes: grading, installation of a soil cover, and revegetation of onsite direct contact risk areas; removal and offsite disposal of drums containing wastes by landfilling (if not hazardous) or incineration (if hazardous); replacement of two domestic wells adjacent to the site; institutional controls including well and land use restrictions; and groundwater monitoring. The estimated present worth cost for this remedial action is $ 5,400,000. (Author 's abstract) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22161, as PB89-196752. Price codes: A04 in paper copy, A01 in microfiche. Report No. EPA/ROD/R03-88/052, June 1988. 56p, 10 fig, 2 tab, 2 append. Y1 - 1988/04// PY - 1988 DA - Apr 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Cleanup operations Delaware Landfills Superfund Water pollution KW - sources Wildcat Landfill Site Benzene Costs Groundwater KW - pollution Heavy metals Industrial wastes Latex Monitoring KW - Polychlorinated biphenyls Site remediation Volatile organic KW - compounds Waste disposal KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19113270?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Superfund+Record+of+Decision%3A+Wildcat+Landfill%2C+DE&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1988-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Guidance on Remedial Actions for Contaminated Ground Water at Superfund Sites AN - 19112839; 9103031 AB - Information is provided that can be used in the process of investigating and assessing remedial actions for contaminated groundwater. The report may be considered a primer on pertinent aspects of groundwater contamination that are important to the development of sound remedies. The goal of Superfund groundwater remediation is to protect human health and the environment by restoring groundwater to its beneficial uses within a reasonable time frame, given the particular site circumstances. The Groundwater Protection Strategy (GWPS) plays an important role in the groundwater remedial action decision making process because the Superfund program generally applies the basic framework outlined in the strategy for protecting groundwater according to its current and future vulnerability, use and value. Before initiating remedial investigation/feasibility study (RI/FS) activities, site management planning should be conducted, and cleanup levels for groundwater must be selected to maintain the groundwater 's beneficial uses. If the groundwater is potentially potable, cleanup levels are determined according to health based standards for drinking water. If the groundwater discharges into an aquatic habitat, cleanup levels may be based on those protective of aquatic life. Aggregate effects of multiple contaminants found in groundwater should be assessed to insure that risks do not exceed protective levels. Remedial action objectives are developed after site characterization and specify the area of attainment, the restoration time frame, and cleanup levels. (Lantz-PTT) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22161, as PB89-184618. Price codes: A06 in paper copy, A01 in microfiche. EPA Report EPA/540/G-88/003, December 1988. 98p, 19 fig, 19 tab, 11 exhibits, 6 append. Y1 - 1988/04// PY - 1988 DA - Apr 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Cleanup operations Groundwater pollution Groundwater quality KW - Standards Superfund Water pollution treatment Environmental KW - protection Regulations KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - SW 0840:Groundwater UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19112839?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Guidance+on+Remedial+Actions+for+Contaminated+Ground+Water+at+Superfund+Sites&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1988-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Superfund Record of Decision: Old Springfield Landfill, VT AN - 19112790; 9103586 AB - The Old Springfield Landfill site is located approximately one mile southwest of the city center in Springfield, Windsor County , Vermont. The landfill was operated by the Town of Springfield between 1947 and 1968 for the disposal of municipal solid waste and hazardous industrial liquid and semi-liquid waste. The site is currently owned by Springfield Mobile Home Estates, which operates a trailer park currently consisting of 38 mobile homes. Approximately 60 people reside in the Springfield Mobile Estates trailer park, built on top of the landfill. The site first came to the attention of the Vermont Department of Health because of a complaint by a nearby resident of foul-smelling water. Investigation of the site found volatile organic compound (VOC) contamination in a spring and in a residential well near the mobile home park. EPA began investigations at the site in 1976. Four areas of contamination have been identified at the site where industrial waste was either disposed of in discrete trenches or mixed with the municipal waste. This remedial action addresses landfill seepage and groundwater contamination. The remedial action is designed for management of contaminant migration and study of final remediation alternatives. The primary contaminants of concern affecting the groundwater, soil, and sediments are VOCs including benzene, tetrachloroethene, trichloroethene, toluene, and other organics including polychlorinated biphenyls and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The selected remedial action for this site includes: construction of an underground collection system to collect leachate; installation of wells for extraction of contaminated groundwater; onsite treatment of the collected leachate and extracted groundwater, or discharge to the Publicly Owned Treatment Works for treatment; institutional controls; and conducting additional studies to determine the feasibility of isolating water materials from the groundwater (e.g., french drain, slurry wall, or waste removal). The estimated present worth cost for this remedial action in $5,374,000 with annual O &M costs of $173,000. (Author 's abstract) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22161, as PB89-204754. Price codes: A10 in paper copy, A01 in microfiche. Report No. EPA/ROD/R01-88/033, September 1988. 215p, 3 fig, 12 ref, append. Y1 - 1988/04// PY - 1988 DA - Apr 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Cleanup operations Landfills Old Springfield Landfill Superfund KW - Vermont Water pollution sources Costs Industrial wastes KW - Leachates Municipal wastes Organic compounds Polychlorinated KW - biphenyls Site remediation Tetrachloroethene Trichloroethene KW - Waste disposal KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19112790?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Superfund+Record+of+Decision%3A+Old+Springfield+Landfill%2C+VT&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1988-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Superfund Record of Decision: Ewan Property, NJ AN - 19112075; 9103562 AB - The 43-acre Ewan Property site is located in a predominantly agricultural and residential area of Shamong Township, Burlington County, New Jersey. Private residences are provided domestic water from wells as close as one mile downgradient from the site, drawing from an aquifer that extends from beneath the site. The site is broken into two study areas, Area A and Area B. Area A, consisting of nine acres, is the area of 500 to 8,000 55-gal drums containing hazardous industrial wastes were disposed of in trenches in Area A, and the trenches were subsequentially backfilled with soil. Investigations also revealed that many of the drums are ruptured, corroded or leaking. Soil and groundwater samples indicate the presence of VOCs and metals. It is estimated that Area A has 4,500 sq yd of highly contaminated soil and waste material, and 29,500 sq yd of moderately contaminated soil. Primary contaminants of concern affecting soil and groundwater are VOCs such as benzene, TCE, PCE, and xylenes, and metals including chromium and lead. The selected remedial action for this site includes: construction of decontamination, staging and waste characterization areas; excavation, staging and characterization of waste materials with offsite incineration of all appropriate wastes (approximately 4 ,500 sq yd of buried drums and heavily contaminated soil); temporary onsite storage and assessment of non-incinerable wastes to determine proper disposal method; and monitoring of air and groundwater during remedial activities. The estimated present worth cost of the selected remedy is $21,153,000 with estimated annual O&M costs of $22,000. (Author 's abstract) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22161, as PB89-196769/AS. Price codes: A06 in paper copy, A01 in microfiche. Report No. EPA/ROD/R02-88/073. September 1988. 111p, 8 fig, 7 tab. Y1 - 1988/04// PY - 1988 DA - Apr 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Cleanup operations New Jersey Path of pollutants Soil KW - contamination Superfund Volatile organic compounds Chromium KW - Costs Decontamination Excavation Incineration Lead Metals KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19112075?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Superfund+Record+of+Decision%3A+Ewan+Property%2C+NJ&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1988-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Superfund Record of Decision: Motorola (52nd Street Plant), AZ. First Remedial Action AN - 19111463; 9102652 AB - The Motorola 52nd Street site is located in the eastern part of the City of Phoenix, Maricopa County, Arizona. The site is bounded by the Phoenix Military Reservation and mixed residential and commercial neighborhoods. The site is currently owned by Motorola, Ind., which operates a manufacturing facility at the site using solvents for various manufacturing processes. In January 1983, Motorola tested some underground storage tanks used to store virgin solvents for leaks and determined that a 5 ,000-gallon tank containing 1,1,1-trichloroethane (TCA) was leaking. Subsequently, Motorola conducted a preliminary investigation, which indicated soil and groundwater contamination on the plant site and groundwater contamination offsite to the west. Motorola initiated an onsite groundwater treatment program in 1986, which included treatability testing, design and installation of a Pilot Treatment Plant (PTP), treatment of groundwater, and beneficial use of the effluent in the plant 's air fume scrubbers. The PTP is still in operation. The selected remedy for this Record of Decision (ROD) requires partial cleanup of onsite and offsite organic solvents contamination in the soil and alluvium groundwater. A subsequent remedial action will address cleanup of all onsite and offsite contamination in the soil, alluvium groundwater, and the bedrock underlying the alluvium. The primary contaminant of concern affecting the soil and groundwater is TCA. The selected remedial action for this site includes: onsite soil-gas extraction and treatment using granular activated carbon systems; pump and treatment of on-site and off-site groundwater with treatment onsite and use of the treated groundwater in site manufacturing processes; and groundwater monitoring. The estimated present worth cost for this remedial action is $7,600,000 with annual O &M costs of $700,000. (Author ' s abstract) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22161, as PB89-204861. Price codes: AO3 in paper copy, AO1 in microfiche. Report No. EPA/ROD/R09-88/024. September 1988. 48p, 2 fig. Y1 - 1988/04// PY - 1988 DA - Apr 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Arizona Cleanup operations Groundwater pollution Organic KW - solvents Site remediation Soil contamination Superfund Water KW - pollution treatment Costs Phoenix Scrubbers Storage tanks KW - Trichloroethane Underground storage KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19111463?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Superfund+Record+of+Decision%3A+Motorola+%2852nd+Street+Plant%29%2C+AZ.+First+Remedial+Action&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1988-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Superfund Record of Decision: Southern Maryland Wood, MD. First Remedial Action--Final AN - 19111411; 9102662 AB - The Southern Maryland Wood Treating (SMWT) site is located in Hollywood, St. Mary 's County, Maryland. The site is situated within a wetland area in a drainage divide such that runoff from the site discharges into Brooks Run and McIntosh Run tributaries , which flow into the Potomac River. The area surrounding the site is predominantly used for agricultural and residential purposes. From 1965 to 1975, SMWT operated as a pressure treatment facility for wood preservation. Currently, part of the site is being used as a retail outlet for pretreated lumber and crab traps. The waste generated a the site included retort and cylinder sludges, process wastes, and material spillage. These wastes were in six onsite unlined lagoons. An onsite freshwater pond became contaminated during the facility 's active and inactive periods with VOCs, polynuclear aromatics (PNAs), and base/neutral extractables due to contaminated groundwater and surface runoff. Cleanup actions were initiated in 1982 following legal actions by the Maryland Department of Health and Mental Hygiene. Liquids removed from the six lagoons were spray irrigated onto the nearby woods. The six lagoons were excavated, backfilled, and graded, and the freshwater pond was partially excavated. The excavated sludges were mixed with composited sludge and topsoil, and spread in a level treatment area located on the property. The primary contaminants of concern affecting the onsite groundwater soil, surface water, sediments, and debris include: VOCs, PNA, and base/neutral acid extractables. The selected remedial action for this site includes: excavation/dredging of soils, sediments, tank liquids, and cement, and treatment using onsite incineration with onsite disposal of non-hazardous residual ash, backfilling, regrading, and revegetating, where necessary; installation of a slurry wall; dewatering of the slurry wall area by a groundwater and surface water pumping system, and treatment using activated carbon adsorption or hydrogen peroxide and irradiation with discharge to the onsite pond; installation of a geotextile silt fence, sedimentation basins, and/or diversion; and groundwater, surface water, environmental, organic vapor, and dust monitoring. (Author 's abstract) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22161, as PB89-206387/AS. Price codes: AO5 in paper copy, AO1 in microfiche. Report No. EPA/ROD/RO3-88/051. June 1988. 85p, 5 fig, 15 tab. Y1 - 1988/04// PY - 1988 DA - Apr 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Cleanup operations Industrial wastes Maryland Site remediation KW - Superfund Water pollution sources Water pollution treatment KW - Activated carbon Cylinder sludges Groundwater pumping Monitoring KW - Remediation measures Retort sludges Sedimentation Surface water KW - pumping Volatile organic compounds KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19111411?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Superfund+Record+of+Decision%3A+Southern+Maryland+Wood%2C+MD.+First+Remedial+Action--Final&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1988-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Superfund Record of Decision: Velsicol Chemical Corporation, IL AN - 19111055; 9100445 AB - The Velsicol Chemical Corporation (VCC) is a manufacturing facility located in east-central Illinois, approximately one mile north of the City of Marshall, Clark County, Illinois. The site is bordered by a railroad on the south and by an unnamed tributary on the southwest. A total of 334 acres onsite are leased for crop farming. VCC was in operation between the mid-1930s and August 1987, and occupied an area of approximately 420 acres, 172 of which were used for production or disposal practices for petroleum derivatives including resins, solvents, and pesticides, including chlordane manufacturing. All process wastewater has been deep-well injected onsite since 1965 and the majority of the waste solids and sludges generated at the facility were disposed of in Pond 5/6 until 1980 when the firm ceased operations. Accidental and intentional offsite releases of wastes were noted during the period the ponds were in operation. In the 1980s, all contaminated soil and visually contaminated sediments were consolidated and stabilized with cement and fly ash, and covered with a temporary clay cap and vegetation. The primary contaminants of concern affecting the soil, sediments, surface water and groundwater are VOCs including benzene and other organics including PAHs and pesticides. The selected remedial action for this site includes: excavation of 10,200 sq yd of contaminated stream and pond sediments and 87,900 sq yd of contaminated soil and backfilling with clay, and revegetation; and consolidation of all excavated material onsite with in-place stabilization followed by construction of a RCRA cap; construction of groundwater collection drain with disposal via onsite deep well injection or treatment using granular activated carbon prior to offsite discharge; groundwater and surface monitoring; and implementation of land use and deed restrictions. The estimated present worth cost for this remedial action including O&M is $9 ,080,910. (Author 's abstract) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22161, as PB89-196703/AS. Price codes: A05 in paper copy, A01 in microfiche. Report No. EPA/ROD/R05-88/081, September 1988. 98p, 3 fig, 5 tab. Y1 - 1988/04// PY - 1988 DA - Apr 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Administrative decisions Illinois Site remediation Superfund KW - sites Volatile organic compounds Water pollution treatment Costs KW - Injection wells Land disposal Soil contamination Velsicol KW - Chemical Corporation Site KW - SW 3050:Ultimate disposal of wastes KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19111055?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Superfund+Record+of+Decision%3A+Velsicol+Chemical+Corporation%2C+IL&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1988-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Superfund Record of Decision: Perdido Groundwater, AL AN - 19110905; 9104648 AB - The Perdido Groundwater Contamination site is located in the Town of Perdido, Baldwin County, Alabama. Site contamination occurred as a result of a 1965 train derailment on the Louisville and Nashville Railroad (now CSX Transportation, Inc.). Chemicals (particularly benzene) from derailed tank cars spilled into drainage ditches, infiltrating the underlying aquifer. The area of groundwater contamination covers approximately 15 acres and is centered downgradient about 300 yards from the derailment site. The Alabama Department of Public Health, Division of Public Water Supply (ADPWS) first documented reports of taste and odor problems in resident 's water wells in 1981. Further studies showed benzene contamination in 6 of 27 wells, which led to supplying bottled water to 250 affected residents. In February 1983 EPA provided immediate removal funding to construct a water supply line to connect to a nearby town. CSXT voluntarily provided funds for and installed the water system in July 1983. The primary contaminant of concern affecting the groundwater is benzene. The selected remedial action for this site includes: groundwater pump and treatment using stripping or activated carbon adsorption with reinjection of treated water back into the aquifer, and air monitoring during operations; and groundwater monitoring to measure success of the cleanup. The estimated capital cost for this remedial action is $169,000 with estimated annual O&M cost of $103,000. (Author 's abstract) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22161, as PB89-206320. Price codes: A04 in paper copy, A01 in microfiche. Report No. EPA/ROD/R04-88/042, September 1988. Final Report. 59p, 14 fig, 4 tab, 2 append. Y1 - 1988/04// PY - 1988 DA - Apr 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Alabama Benzenes Cleanup operations Groundwater pollution KW - Perdido Site Superfund Water pollution sources Water pollution KW - treatment Activated carbon Adsorption Aquifers Costs Groundwater KW - quality Monitoring Reinjection Site remediation KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19110905?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Superfund+Record+of+Decision%3A+Perdido+Groundwater%2C+AL&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1988-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Guidance Document for Providing Alternative Water Supplies AN - 19110396; 9102601 AB - EPA has developed guidelines for providing information, when it becomes necessary, to develop or obtain alternate water supplies where releases of hazardous substances or pollutants have resulted in the closing of drinking water wells, or has contaminated a principal drinking water supply. This information was prepared to assist Superfund contractors and on-scene Federal, State and local officials with the planning and implementation of alternate water supplies at uncontrolled hazardous waste sites. Guidance is specifically provided for those sites that do not require a time critical removal action, but do require provision of an alternate water supply as either a non-time-critical removal action of 6 months or more, or a remedial action before implementation of a final remedy can be achieved (actions performed at National Priority List sites where short-term threats to the human population exist). These remedial actions are used to provide faster responses than can be achieved with normal remedial actions. The decision making process used in this document discusses the determination of water supply needs, screening and evaluating alternatives, and remedy implementation. (Author 's abstract) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22161, as PB89-167969. Price codes: A04 in paper copy, A01 in microfiche. Report No. EPA/540/G-87/006, February 1988. 3 fig, 3 tab, 19 ref, append. Y1 - 1988/04// PY - 1988 DA - Apr 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Decision making Water quality Water supply development Drinking KW - water Potable water Remedies Superfund Water quality control KW - Water supply KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19110396?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Guidance+Document+for+Providing+Alternative+Water+Supplies&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1988-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Superfund Record of Decision: Beachwood/Berkeley, NJ AN - 19110319; 9100451 AB - The Beachwood/Berkeley Well site, encompasses Beachwood Borough and Berkeley Township in central-east Ocean City, NJ. The total population of the two municipalities is approximately 23,000. In response to a public complaint of possible aluminum contamination of drinking water, the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP) sampled four potable wells and discovered the presence of lead in exceedance of the Federal Interim Primary Drinking Water Standard. Subsequent sampling confirmed the presence of lead at approximately 4 times the standard. The Ocean County Health Department, collected additional samples in the two municipalities. Results of analyses indicated that 15% of the total wells sampled in the Borough and 3% of the residential wells sampled in the Township exceeded the regulatory standard for lead in drinking water, however, there was no distinct geographical pattern to the occurrence of the lead contamination. By order of the NJDEP, an alternate supply of water was provided to the affected residents. After extensive investigation of lead levels in residential tap water, surface water, groundwater, sediments, soil, and lead concentrations in, and dissolution from plumbing systems, it was concluded that elevated concentrations of lead in drinking water were not caused by man-made or industrial sources. Rather, the sources of lead include; a minor contribution from native area groundwater, lead packers used in well construction, and dissolution of lead from lead-bearing materials of home plumbing systems, particularly lead/tin solder. Remediation under the Superfund program of the documented existence of lead in drinking water is precluded by law. The State of New Jersey is proceeding independently of Federal Superfund financing to address the presence of and the problems posed by lead in drinking water. (Author 's abstract) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22161, as PB89-189484/AS. Price codes: A03 in paper copy, A01 in microfiche. Report No. EPA/ROD/R02-88/062, June 1988. 45p. Y1 - 1988/04// PY - 1988 DA - Apr 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Administrative decisions Drinking water Lead New Jersey KW - Superfund sites Beachwood/Berkeley Site Groundwater quality KW - Plumbing State jurisdiction Wells KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19110319?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Superfund+Record+of+Decision%3A+Beachwood%2FBerkeley%2C+NJ&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1988-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Superfund Record of Decision, Broderick Wood Products Company AN - 19109580; 9100555 AB - Between 1947 and 1981, Broderick Wood Products operated a wood treatment facility in Adams County, CO, to treat power poles, fence posts, railroad ties and other wood products. Process wastes from the plant were conveyed through a clay pipe to two onsite, unlined surface impoundments, referred to as the main and secondary impoundments, located in the northwest corner of the facility. Records indicate that waste seepage was apparent just north of the site and became so extensive that the waste was burned off, starting in 1955. Site investigations conducted by the EPA in April 1981, and July 1982 noted several violations of Resource Conservation and Recovery Act requirements. Another site inspection in December 1982 revealed the possibility of serious contamination at a trench in the vicinity of the surface impoundments that reportedly had only been used for the disposal of solid waste. Wood treating chemicals were detected in a groundwater monitoring well located immediately downgradient of the surface impoundments. The main and secondary impoundments have been identified as the major sources of site contamination. The selected remedial action for this site includes: installation of access restrictions, excavation and onsite mobile incineration of the sludge and oil in the main and secondary impoundments, with offsite disposal of the residual ash; treatment of contaminated impoundment wastewater using carbon adsorption with disposal through onsite evapotranspiration or use as incinerator quench water; and excavation of the visibly contaminated soil beneath the impoundments, and onsite incineration if the volume is < 2500 cu yd, or onsite storage for further studies. (Lantz-PTT) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22161, as PB89-188742. Price codes: A06 in paper copy, A01 in microfiche. Report No. EPA/ROD/RO8-88/021, June 30, 1988. 116p 10 fig, 7 tab. Y1 - 1988/04// PY - 1988 DA - Apr 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Broderick Wood Products Cleanup operations Colorado Superfund KW - Waste disposal Water pollution sources Adsorption KW - Evapotranspiration Incineration Industrial wastes Monitoring KW - Sludge Soil contamination Wastewater treatment KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19109580?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Superfund+Record+of+Decision%2C+Broderick+Wood+Products+Company&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1988-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vulnerability of Karst Aquifers to Chemical Contamination AN - 19109481; 9103578 AB - Groundwater flow in Karst aquifers is very different from flow in granular or fractured aquifers. Karst groundwater flow is often turbulent within discrete conduits that are convergent in the upper reaches and divergent in the lower, simulating the flow pattern of surface water streams that are dendritic or trellised but with discharge to one or more springs. Significant precipitation tends to flood karst aquifers quickly, causing a rapid rise in the water table that may flood higher levels with discharge to different springs. The epikarstic zone stores and directs infiltrating water down discrete percolation points. The vulnerability of karst aquifers to chemical contamination is a result of these characteristics. Chemical contamination may be fed directly to a karst aquifer via overland flow to a doline with little or no attenuation that may contaminate downgradient wells, springs, and dolines within a few hours to a few days. Contaminants may also become temporarily stored in the epikarstic zone for eventual release to the aquifer. Flood pulses may flush the contaminants causing transiently higher levels of contamination in the aquifer and discharge points. The convergent nature of flow in karst aquifers may result in contamination becoming concentrated in conduits. These contaminants can affect delicate plant and animal life that exists in caves as well as contaminate drinking water supplies too rapidly for adequate warning. (Author 's abstract) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22161, as PB89-218820/AS. Price codes: AO3 in paper copy, AO1 in microfiche. Report No. EPA/600/D-89/008. November 1988. 16p, 1 fig, 28 ref. AU - Field AD - Environmental Protection Agency Y1 - 1988/04// PY - 1988 DA - Apr 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Groundwater movement Groundwater pollution Groundwater quality KW - Karst Path of pollutants Water pollution sources Aquifers Caves KW - Dolines Ecological effects Flood effects Springs Water table KW - Wells KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - SW 0840:Groundwater UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19109481?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Vulnerability+of+Karst+Aquifers+to+Chemical+Contamination&rft.au=Field&rft.aulast=Field&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1988-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Superfund Record of Decision: Selma Pressure Treating Company, CA. First Remedial Action--Final AN - 19108901; 9102654 AB - The Selma Pressure Treating Company is located in Selma, California, 15 miles south of the city of Fresno. The site encompasses approximately 18 acres, including a 3 to 4-acre wood treatment facility and 14 acres of adjacent vineyards that were used for site drainage. Land use in the vicinity of the site includes agricultural, residential and industrial areas, with 12 residences and businesses located within 0.25 mile. The groundwater resources in the area have been classified as a Sole-Source Aquifer and a current drinking water source with other beneficial uses. Wood preserving activities using pentachlorophenol (PCP) were conducted at the site from 1942 until 1965 under a series of owners. In 1965, a new facility was constructed converting operations to a pressure treating process using chemical preservatives. Prior to 1982, wastes generated from spent retort fluids and sludges were discharged to drainage and percolation ditches, dry wells, and an unlined pond and sludge pit, as well as onto open ground and the adjacent vineyards. An inspection conducted by EPA in 1981 raised concerns about the potential for groundwater contamination, and as a result the company was required to modify its operations to minimize the potential for contamination. The total volume of soil requiring remediation is approximately 16,000 cu yds. The primary contaminants of concern affecting the groundwater and soil are organics including dioxin and phenols, and metals including arsenic and chromium. The selected remedial action for this site includes: groundwater pump and treatment using precipitation, coagulation, and flocculation with reinjection into the aquifer or offsite discharge; soil excavation and solidification/stabilization with replacement in excavated areas and capping fixed soil with RCRA cap; groundwater and soil monitoring for approximately 30 years; and long-term access and land use restrictions for fixed areas and short-term institutional controls for groundwater use. The estimated present worth cost for this remedial action is $11,280,000 with an annual operation and maintenance of $1,300, 000. (Author 's abstract) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22161, as PB89-204853/AS. Price codes: AO6 in paper copy, AO1 in microfiche. Report No. EPA/ROD/R09-88/025. September 1988. 123p, 5 fig, 2 tab. Y1 - 1988/04// PY - 1988 DA - Apr 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - California Chemical wastes Cleanup operations Groundwater KW - pollution Site remediation Soil contamination Superfund Water KW - pollution treatment Arsenic Chromium Costs Dioxins Heavy metals KW - Pentachlorophenol Remediation measures KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19108901?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Superfund+Record+of+Decision%3A+Selma+Pressure+Treating+Company%2C+CA.+First+Remedial+Action--Final&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1988-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Superfund Record of Decision: Todtz, Lawrence Farm, IA. First Remedial Action--Final AN - 19107628; 9102649 AB - The 2.7-acre Dupont Impoundment of the Todtz Farm site is part of the 12- acre parcel of land known as the Todtz Farm Landfill, which is located on a 120-acre farm 1.25 miles west of Camanche, Iowa. Originally a sand and gravel mine, the landfill received municipal waste from 1969 to 1975. In 1971, Dupont constructed the impoundment in the northwest corner of the landfill and disposed of an estimated 4,300 tons of wet end cellophane process wastes from 1971 until its closure in 1975. Impoundment wastes are periodically in direct contact with the groundwater beneath the site, which flows southeasterly toward the Mississippi River. Domestic wells and the municipal water supply wells for Camanche located downgradient of the site may be affected by contamination from the site. In addition, several ponds and lakes in the vicinity are potential receptors for contaminated runoff and recharge. The primary contaminants of concern affecting the groundwater are volatile organic carbons (VOCs) including toluene and benzene, and metals including arsenic, lead, and chromium. The selected remedial action for this site includes installation of a soil cover over the Dupont Impoundment; implementation of institutional controls including deed and land use restrictions; provision of an alternate water supply for an affected residence by relocating an existing well; and groundwater monitoring. EPA has determined that further remedial actions will be immediately implemented if groundwater trigger levels provided in the Record of Decision (ROD) are met or exceeded. If groundwater monitoring indicates that contaminant levels exceed the less stringent chemical-specific action levels provided in the ROD, groundwater pumping and treatment will be implemented; if the more stringent action levels are exceeded, a treatability study of the impoundment waste will be conducted and either a permanent treatment remedy of the impoundment material or a cap and slurry wall containment system will be implemented. The estimated present worth cost for this remedial action is $1,030,000. (Author 's abstract) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22161, as PB89-229553/AS. Price codes: AO4 in paper copy, AO1 in microfiche. Report No. EPA/ROD/R07-89/022. November 1988. 59p, 10 fig, 6 tab. Y1 - 1988/04// PY - 1988 DA - Apr 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Cleanup operations Groundwater pollution Iowa Landfills Site KW - remediation Superfund Arsenic Benzene Chromium Costs Heavy KW - metals Lead Toluene Volatile organic compounds KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19107628?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Superfund+Record+of+Decision%3A+Todtz%2C+Lawrence+Farm%2C+IA.+First+Remedial+Action--Final&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1988-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Superfund Record of Decision: South Valley/Edmunds Street, NM. Second Remedial Action AN - 19107562; 9102658 AB - The South Valley/Edmunds Street site is a large area in the southern part of the City of Albuquerque, New Mexico, surrounding the municipal water well known as San Jose 6. Within this large area are a number of industrial properties owned and operated by different groups and individuals. This remedial action addresses the Edmunds Street Ground Water operable unit of the South Valley site; the Edmunds Street property is located in the southeastern corner of the site. The focus of this operable unit is the area around the monitoring well SV-10, referred to as the drainage pit area, on the Edmunds Street property. This area is the low spot of the property and receives much of the property drainage. Analyses of this area have shown significant levels of industrial solvents in the soil, and a plume of contaminated groundwater starting at the drainage pit area and extending to the east. The groundwater source will be treated as a sole-source aquifer because there are no alternate sources available to the City of Albuquerque. The contaminated groundwater currently poses a direct threat to Albuquerque 's water supply by moving toward the city 's well fields. The primary contaminants of concern affecting the groundwater include VOCs such as PCE and TCE. The selected remedial action for this site includes ground water pumping and treatment using air stripping (packed tower aeration) with reinjection of the treated water into the aquifer through infiltration galleries; and groundwater and air monitoring. The present worth cost for this remedial action is $874,000, with present worth operation and maintenance costs estimated at $280,000. (Author 's abstract) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22161, as PB89-225528/AS. Price codes: AO3 in paper copy, AO1 in microfiche. Report No. EPA/ROD/R06-88/037. June 1988. 47p, 3 fig, 2 tab. Y1 - 1988/04// PY - 1988 DA - Apr 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Cleanup operations Groundwater pollution Industrial wastes New KW - Mexico Site remediation Superfund Water pollution treatment Air KW - stripping Albuquerque Costs Groundwater pumping Remediation KW - measures Volatile organic compounds KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19107562?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Superfund+Record+of+Decision%3A+South+Valley%2FEdmunds+Street%2C+NM.+Second+Remedial+Action&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1988-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Wood-Degrading Fungi as Degraders of Hazardous Waste AN - 19105048; 9005731 AB - The biological detoxification of hazardous waste is largely an underdeveloped technology. Bacterial species are known to possess a variety of detoxification skills, apparently associated with the need to survive. Single bacterial species may not have the ability to convert a toxicant to carbon dioxide and water. The use of fungi to degrade waste materials has not been investigated to any extent until recently. Recent research has assessed the effects of selected soil types, temperatures, pH, and water potentials on the growth of fungus in sterile and non-sterile soils. Three well characterized soils (topsoil and subsoil) were used in this work. Biomass accumulations as well as growth habitat of Phanerochmete carysosporium were greatly influenced by soil type. Soil nitrogen content appears to be the primary factor responsible for differences in fungal growth in the three studied soils. Growth was strongly and positively correlated with nitrogen content. This factor, therefore, appears to play a major role in mediating the growth of the fungus in soil, and is easily controlled by nitrogen supplementation. The application of the fungus to treat contaminated soils will include small-scale treatment of selected pollutants at environmentally significant concentrations, the evaluation of amendments on primary and secondary metabolism, and the delivery of oxygen within the soil to the growing fungus. Ancillary investigations will look into the development of better estimates of fungal biomass in soil, the importance of soil sterilization to growth of the fungus, and inoculum development. (Lantz-PTT) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield VA 22161, as PB89-129076. Price codes: A02 in paper copy, A01 in microfiche. Report No. EPA/600/D-88/258, November 1988. 5p, 17 ref. AU - Glaser, JA AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab Y1 - 1988/04// PY - 1988 DA - Apr 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Hazardous wastes KW - Biodegradation KW - Fungi KW - Waste disposal KW - Waste treatment KW - Culturing techniques KW - Soil treatment KW - Biomass KW - Biological studies KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19105048?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Wood-Degrading+Fungi+as+Degraders+of+Hazardous+Waste&rft.au=Glaser%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Glaser&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1988-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Volunteer Lake Monitoring Program, 1987. Volume IV: West-Central Illinois Region AN - 19104302; 9005133 AB - This report is Volume IV of a series of seven reports summarizing Illinois EPA 's 1987 Volunteer Lake Monitoring Program (VLMP). It provides a program overview, a summary of 1987 VLMP lakes in West-Central Illinois, including a discussion of lake characteristics, volunteer participation, and a ranking of lakes on a regional basis. West-Central Illinois results are compared to statewide statistics. Lake assessment information from the Illinois Water Quality Report 1986-1987 for West-Central VLMP lakes is provided and briefly discussed. Lake/watershed management strategies are described. Thirty-five volunteers recorded total depth, Secchi disk transparency, and field observations for 20 lakes in West Central Illinois between May and October, 1987. Included were 10 dammed-stream impoundments and one strip mine lake. Average transparencies ranged from 13-91 inches. Twenty percent of the lakes exhibited average transparencies greater than 4 feet, 40% between 2 and 4 feet, and 40% had transparencies less than 2 feet. Two lakes were classified as mesotrophic, and the rest, eutrophic, based on average Secchi disc transparency. (See also W90-05134) (Author 's abstract) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield VA 22161, as PB89-127690. Price codes: A06 in paper copy, A01 in microfiche. Report No. IEPA/WPC/88-016d, September 1988. 94p, 2 fig, 5 tab, 24 ref, 2 append. AU - Hawes, J AU - Weatherby-Thomas, N AU - Wood, V AD - Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency Springfield. Div. of Water Pollution Control Y1 - 1988/04// PY - 1988 DA - Apr 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Illinois KW - Lakes KW - Water quality KW - Public participation KW - Monitoring KW - Water depth KW - Secchi disks KW - Field tests KW - Transparency KW - Trophic level KW - SW 0850:Lakes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19104302?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Volunteer+Lake+Monitoring+Program%2C+1987.+Volume+IV%3A+West-Central+Illinois+Region&rft.au=Hawes%2C+J%3BWeatherby-Thomas%2C+N%3BWood%2C+V&rft.aulast=Hawes&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1988-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Combined Sewer Overflow: A Management Study AN - 19102652; 9100568 AB - In many of the older cities of the United States, the capacity of the combined sewer is exceeded on a daily basis due to both wet weather storm surges and increased volumes of waste generated by new development. As a result, billions of gallons of untreated sewage are discharged on an annual basis into the nations marine bays and estuaries in episodes called ' combined sewer overflow'. There are two primary reasons for the increasing frequency and severity of overflow episodes: (1) the population of cities in coastal areas are growing at rates that far exceed the ability of the sewer infrastructure to accommodate them; and (2) the built-in efficiencies of the original design and of the combined sewer are being exploited by many municipalities to compensate for the increased volumes of sewage associated with the population growth. Since each combined sewer, the area that it drains, and the receiving water into which it discharges, constitutes a unique system, a management strategy should be site specific. This document proposes a framework within which a site-specific and cost-effective management strategy may be formulated. Emphasis is placed on providing tools and methods rather than explicit solutions. (Lantz-PTT) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22161, as PB89-190151. Price codes: A03 in paper copy, A01 in microfiche. EPA Report No. 600/9-89/010, 1988. 27p, 2 fig, 29 ref. AU - Reilly, A AD - Environmental Protection Agency Y1 - 1988/04// PY - 1988 DA - Apr 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Combined sewer overflows Management planning Urban runoff KW - Urbanization Wastewater management Combined sewers Sewers Storm KW - wastewater Wastewater disposal KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes KW - SW 4010:Techniques of planning UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19102652?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Combined+Sewer+Overflow%3A+A+Management+Study&rft.au=Reilly%2C+A&rft.aulast=Reilly&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1988-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Developing a State Wellhead Protection Program: A User 's Guide to Assist State Agencies under the Safe Drinking Water Act AN - 19101963; 9103222 AB - The 1986 Amendments to the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) established a new Wellhead Protection (WHP) Program to protect groundwaters that supply wells and wellfields that contribute drinking water to public water supply systems. Each state must prepare a WHP program and submit it to EPA by June 19, 1989. A Technical Assistance Document (TAD) has been prepared by EPA to assist states in developing their WHP programs. At a minimum, each state 's WHP program must: specify roles and duties of government agencies, delineate the wellhead protection area (WHPA) for each wellhead, identify sources of contaminants within each WHPA, develop management approaches, develop contingency plans, site new wells properly, and ensure public participation. The TAD also provides graphic illustrations that show a range of optional approaches a state might consider in developing the program element; and case study examples that illustrate how a state might address the element in its WHP program. (Fish-PTT) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161, as PB89-173751. Price codes: A03 in paper copy, A01 in microfiche. Report no. EPA 440/6-88-003, July 1988. 44 p, append. AU - Mierzwa, T AU - Barnsdale, A AU - Pye, V AU - Bendall, J AU - Bailey, P AD - Environmental Protection Agency Y1 - 1988/04// PY - 1988 DA - Apr 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Drinking water Groundwater management Legal aspects Regulations KW - Safe Drinking Water Act Water pollution prevention Water quality KW - control Water supply Environmental protection Groundwater KW - pollution State jurisdiction Water pollution control KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution KW - SW 4050:Water law and institutions UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19101963?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Developing+a+State+Wellhead+Protection+Program%3A+A+User+%27s+Guide+to+Assist+State+Agencies+under+the+Safe+Drinking+Water+Act&rft.au=Mierzwa%2C+T%3BBarnsdale%2C+A%3BPye%2C+V%3BBendall%2C+J%3BBailey%2C+P&rft.aulast=Mierzwa&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1988-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Superfund Record of Decision: Findett, Mo. First Remedial Action AN - 19101203; 9102657 AB - The Findett/Hayford Bridge Road Groundwater site is located just north of the City of St. Charles, in St. Charles County, east-central Missouri. The site lies 3.2 miles south of the Mississippi River and is within the floodplain. Land use in the site vicinity is primarily agriculture, but also includes a small industrial park containing Findett Corporation, Cadmus Corporation, and several other commercial and light industrial establishments. In addition, there are several residences within approximately 1,000 feet northeast and 1,500 feet south of the site. The Elm Point Wellfield, the primary drinking water supply for St. Charles, is located 1,800 feet northeast of the site. Until 1980, Findett Corporation reclaimed heat transfer fluids or oils, some of which contained PCBs, and received waste solvents for reclamation or recycling. Subsequently, Findett has custom blended or manufactured organic chemicals for other companies. The Findett site originally came to EPA 's attention when Findett Corporation reported handling PCBs at the site. There is PCB-contaminated soil at the Findett facility as well as the adjacent Cadmus Corporation Facility. The Elm Point Well Field is also at risk of contamination by releases from the site. Findett conducted several voluntary PCB soil cleanups pursuant to EPA Administrative Orders in 1981 and 1982; however, PCBs as well as VOCs remain in the soil in concentrations above recommended levels. In addition, groundwater investigations revealed substantial VOC contamination in the shallow aquifer near the contaminant sources and in the deep aquifer tapped by the nearby well field as a drinking water source. The primary contaminants of concern affecting the soil and groundwater are VOCs, and other organics including PCBs. The selected remedial action for this site includes onsite groundwater pumping and treatment using air stripping with discharge to the publicly owned treatment works (POTW); and excavation of contaminated soil with either offsite disposal or treatment. The estimated present worth cost for this remedial action is $8,306,000 with an annual operation and maintenance cost of $398,000. (Author 's abstract) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22161, as PB89-229538/AS. Price codes: AO3 in paper copy, AO1 in microfiche. Report No. EPA/ROD/R07-89/023. December 1988. 43p, 8 fig, 3 tab. Y1 - 1988/04// PY - 1988 DA - Apr 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Cleanup operations Groundwater pollution Industrial wastes KW - Missouri Site remediation Soil contamination Superfund Water KW - pollution treatment Air stripping Costs Groundwater pumping KW - Polychlorinated biphenyls Remediation measures Volatile organic KW - compounds KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19101203?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Superfund+Record+of+Decision%3A+Findett%2C+Mo.+First+Remedial+Action&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1988-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Superfund Record of Decision: Mason County Landfill, MI. First Remedial Action AN - 19101162; 9102660 AB - The Mason County Landfill site is located three miles south of the City of Ludington, Mason County, Michigan. The site occupies approximately 18 acres of a predominantly rural area in Pere Marquette Township. Approximately 10 acres of the site were used as a landfill. Less than 500 feet from the landfill there is a wetland area which drains into Babbin Pond, the headwaters of Iris Creek. There are 14 residential wells within a 0.5 mile radius of the landfill. The population within a 3-mile radius of the site is estimated to be 1,112. The Mason County Department of Public Works (DPW) leased the property in 1971 and entered into an agreement with Acme Disposal, Inc. to operate the site as a sanitary landfill. Although the Michigan Department of Natural Resources (MDNR) documented that slurry and sludge wastes from local industries were being dumped at the landfill, the site 's license was renewed annually until it was closed in August 1978 after reaching capacity. Public concerns over the water quality in Iris Creek prompted the DPW and MDNR to review closure activities. In 1983, a clay cap was installed over the landfill and berms and storm drains were constructed to improve site drainage. Two surface aerators were installed in Babbin Pond to facilitate biodegradation of organic matter and 15 gas vents were placed in the top of the landfill. The site has been separated into two operable units; one for the landfill contents and one for the groundwater. This source control remedial action addresses the landfill contents. Contamination of the shallow and deep aquifer will be addressed in a subsequent remedial action. Site investigations indicate that contamination of surface water, surface sediment, soil, and offsite air quality are not sufficient to warrant remedial action. The primary contaminants of concern affecting the groundwater are VOCs including benzene, PCE, TCE, and xylene. The selected remedial action for this site includes: construction of a RCRA cap over the landfill; access restrictions; deed restrictions on and near the site to prohibit use of the shallow aquifer; and groundwater monitoring. The estimated present worth cost for this remedial action if $ 2,800,000, with present worth operating and management costs of $1,000, 000 over 30 years. (Author 's abstract) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22161, as PB89-206213/AS. Price codes: AO6 in paper copy, AO1 in microfiche. Report No. EPA/ROD/R05-88/080. September 1988. 115p, 18 fig, 8 tab. Y1 - 1988/04// PY - 1988 DA - Apr 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Cleanup operations Groundwater pollution Industrial wastes KW - Michigan Site remediation Superfund Aerators Aquifers Benzene KW - Costs Gas vents Landfills Monitoring Remediation measures KW - Volatile organic compounds Xylenes KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19101162?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Superfund+Record+of+Decision%3A+Mason+County+Landfill%2C+MI.+First+Remedial+Action&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1988-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - At Intensive Survey of the Sugar Creek Basin, Crawford County, Illinois, 1986 AN - 19100949; 9004254 AB - An intensive survey of Sugar Creek and tributaries in the vicinity of Robinson, Illinois in Crawford County was conducted during the period June 24 to October 8, 1986. Sugar Creek, a tributary of the Wabash River, is 14 miles long and has a watershed of 69.5 sq mi. Major dischargers in the basin include the Robinson municipal wastewater facility (MWWTP) and the Marathon Oil Company refinery; both discharge to Robinson Creek. This survey was designed primarily to assess wastewater impact from these two sources upon water quality and biotic integrity of the receiving streams. Environmental quality was summarized utilizing various indices including water quality (WQI), macroinvertebrates (MBI), fish (AIBI), and habitat (PIBI). Individual stations were evaluated for degree of support of aquatic life and classified according to the Biological Stream Characterization system used for Illinois streams. An assessment of chemical and biotic data collected in the Sugar Creek basin revealed slight to moderate stream quality impacts in a 1.7-mile reach of Robinson Creek downstream from the Robinson MWWTP. Severe stream degradation evident in approximately 9.5 miles of Robinson and Sugar Creeks was attributed to wastewater from the Marathon Petroleum Company. (Author 's abstract) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield VA 22161, as PB89-127807. Price codes: A04 in paper copy, A01 in microfiche. Report No. IEPA/WPC/88-030, July 1988. 81p, 11 fig, 18 tab, 28 ref, append. AU - Hite, R L AU - King, M M AU - Matson, M R AU - Bickers, CA AD - Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency Springfield. Div. of Water Pollution Control Y1 - 1988/04// PY - 1988 DA - Apr 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Watersheds KW - Environmental quality KW - Water pollution sources KW - Water quality KW - Illinois KW - Industrial wastewater KW - Municipal wastewater KW - Water pollution effects KW - Sugar Creek KW - Macroinvertebrates KW - Fish KW - Environmental effects KW - Biological studies KW - Sediments KW - Stream biota KW - Aquatic habitats KW - Aquatic life KW - SW 3050:Ultimate disposal of wastes KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19100949?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=At+Intensive+Survey+of+the+Sugar+Creek+Basin%2C+Crawford+County%2C+Illinois%2C+1986&rft.au=Hite%2C+R+L%3BKing%2C+M+M%3BMatson%2C+M+R%3BBickers%2C+CA&rft.aulast=Hite&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1988-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Point-of-Use/Point-of-Entry Systems for Removing VOCs from Drinking Water AN - 19095654; 9000137 AB - Where available, centralized treatment is the recommended method for producing potable water. Many homes, however, cannot connect to a centralized water treatment system leaving them with no other alternative but to treat their own water. Point-of-use/point-of-entry (POU/POE) systems are effective for removing organic contaminants from drinking water if operated and maintained properly. Treatment methods discussed in this report include: activated carbon, reverse osmosis, distillation, ozone, UV irradiation, and air stripping. More homeowners with private drinking water sources are aware of the potential of contamination of these sources and are willing to have them tested. This has led to the identification of many organic compounds in these private drinking water sources. As testing continues, the potential exists for identifying more private drinking water sources that have been contaminated by agricultural use, industrial solvents, leaking gasoline tanks, and hazardous waste sites. Various treatment options are available to the homeowner for removing VOCs although activated carbon is the most widely used POU/POE system. With an increase in the number of households using POU/POE systems, many health departments and other agencies have implemented or they are giving serious consideration to centralized control of these systems. This control allows them to establish treatment requirements, operation and maintenance requirements, and proper waste disposal. (Lantz-PTT) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield VA 22161, as PB89-120844. Price codes: A03 in paper copy, A01 in microfiche. Report No. EPA/600/D-88/203, November 1988. 39p, 10 fig, 9 tab, 40 ref. AU - Lykins, B W AU - Baier, J H AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH. Drinking Water Research Div Y1 - 1988/04// PY - 1988 DA - Apr 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Water treatment KW - Volatile organic compounds KW - Drinking water KW - Potable water KW - Water quality control KW - Organic compounds KW - Water pollution sources KW - Administrative regulations KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19095654?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Point-of-Use%2FPoint-of-Entry+Systems+for+Removing+VOCs+from+Drinking+Water&rft.au=Lykins%2C+B+W%3BBaier%2C+J+H&rft.aulast=Lykins&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1988-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparisons of Various Filtration Media AN - 19095453; 9000238 AB - The use of filtering materials in diatomaceous earth (DE) filtration, slow sand filtration, and coagulation--rapid rate filtration, are reviewed. For DE filtration, increased effluent clarity (lower turbidity) is generally attained at the expense of increased rates of head loss increase. Changing the surface characteristics of DE from electronegative to electropositive permits use of coarser grades of DE for effective removal of fine particles. An important consideration in selecting media for slow sand filtration is whether to use media mined and prepared by a filter media processor, or whether to use a locally quarried and processed material as filter media. Trends in filter media design for plants employing coagulation and rapid rate filtration have varied over the decades. Practice has evolved from use of sand and anthracite and fine but dense garnet of ilmenite. Recently a 600 million gallon per day direct filtration plant was build with very deep beds consisting of a single medium--anthracite. Filter bed design is continuing to evolve and change. (Lantz-PTT) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield VA 22161, as PB89-118764. Price codes: A03 in paper copy, A01 in microfiche. Report No. EPA/600/D-88/217, October 1988. 22p, 4 tab, 23 ref. AU - Logsdon, G S AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH. Microbiological Treatment Branch Y1 - 1988/04// PY - 1988 DA - Apr 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Filtration KW - Water treatment KW - Filter media KW - Diatomaceous earth KW - Sand KW - Coagulation KW - Turbidity KW - Electrical properties KW - Anthracite KW - Ilmenite KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19095453?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Comparisons+of+Various+Filtration+Media&rft.au=Logsdon%2C+G+S&rft.aulast=Logsdon&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1988-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimating Toxicity of Industrial Chemicals to Aquatic Organisms Using Structure Activity Relationships AN - 19094217; 9002313 AB - Forty-nine structure activity relationships (SARs) are presented which are currently used by the Environmental Effects Branch of EPA to estimate the toxicity of industrial organics to aquatic organisms. These SARs can be applied to three broad categories of organic chemicals: (1) neutral organics which are non-reactive and non-ionizable, (2) neutral organics which are reactive and show excess toxicity in addition to narcosis, and (3) surface active organic compounds such as surfactants, and polycationic polymers. There are about 40 classes and sub-classes of organic compounds covered by these SARs. The scope of the SARs includes acute toxicity to vertebrates and invertebrates (freshwater and saltwater species), chronic toxicity to freshwater vertebrates and invertebrates, and toxicity to freshwater algae. (Author 's abstract) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield VA 22161, as PB89-117592. Price codes: A10 in paper copy, A01 in microfiche. Report No. EPA-560-6-88-001, July 1988. 287p, 81 tab. AU - Clements, R G AU - Johnson, D W AU - Lipnick, R L AU - Nabholz, J V AU - Newsome, L D AD - Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC. Office of Toxic Substances Y1 - 1988/04// PY - 1988 DA - Apr 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Water pollution effects KW - Toxicity KW - Aquatic life KW - Chemical wastes KW - Structure-activity relationships KW - Organic compounds KW - Surfactants KW - Polymers KW - Invertebrates KW - Algae KW - Aquatic animals KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19094217?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Estimating+Toxicity+of+Industrial+Chemicals+to+Aquatic+Organisms+Using+Structure+Activity+Relationships&rft.au=Clements%2C+R+G%3BJohnson%2C+D+W%3BLipnick%2C+R+L%3BNabholz%2C+J+V%3BNewsome%2C+L+D&rft.aulast=Clements&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1988-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Status of US EPA 's Sludge Incinerator Regulations AN - 19093694; 9005590 AB - A potential regulatory approach that the US EPA could use for controlling sewage sludge incinerators was developed. This approach utilizes a most exposed individual risk assessment to ensure that sludge incineration air emissions will not cause an unacceptable health risk. To expedite the permitting of facilities, the EPA has devised a three tier approach which will simplify the demonstration of compliance. The three tiers in essence define how the values of the dispersion factor (DF) and the pollutant control efficiencies (CE) are obtained. In Tier I, the owner/operator obtains credit for the height of his stack in determining the maximum allowable sludge concentration. For Tier I, the CE for each pollutant is taken from a table of reasonable worse case control efficiencies. These worse case control efficiencies were developed from a statistical analysis of a series of sludge incinerator tests. Thus, Tier I allows the calculation of reasonable worse case pollutant feed rates using only the reference air concentrations (RACs) specified by EPA, CE specified by EPA and the stack height at the facility. This approach will allow a significant number of US sludge incinerators to meet the new regulations with a minimum of effort and expense. An evaluation under Tier II is required if a facility can not demonstrate compliance under Tier I for all of the pollutants of concern. The Tier II assessment requires site specific air modeling to determine the value of DF and retains the reasonable worst case pollutant control efficiencies used in Tier I. If an evaluation under Tier II determines that one or more sludge pollutants fails the allowable pollutant feed rate (FR), then an evaluation under Tier III must be conducted. The Tier II assessment requires actual measurement of the control efficiency of the incinerator system by means of an emissions test. EPA is preparing guidance for the conducting of sludge incinerator tests. The guidance will specify sampling methods, sampling frequencies and test methods for the 17 pollutants. This guidance will be available prior to the final promulgation of the incinerator rules. Prior to the publication of the incinerator test guidance, any test plans for sludge incinerators prepared to comply with this regulation should be reviewed by the permitting official prior to the test. (Lantz-PTT) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield VA 22161, as PB89-124366. Price codes: A02 in paper copy, A01 in microfiche. Report No. EPA/600/D-88/231, November 1988. 4p, 3 tab, 11 ref. AU - Crumpler, E P AU - Rubin, AB AU - Bostian, HE AD - Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC Y1 - 1988/04// PY - 1988 DA - Apr 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Incineration KW - Sludge treatment KW - Regulations KW - Wastewater treatment KW - Air pollution KW - Pollution load KW - Dispersion KW - Standards KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19093694?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Status+of+US+EPA+%27s+Sludge+Incinerator+Regulations&rft.au=Crumpler%2C+E+P%3BRubin%2C+AB%3BBostian%2C+HE&rft.aulast=Crumpler&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1988-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Volunteer Lake Monitoring Program, 1987. Volume V: East-Central Illinois Region AN - 19093047; 9005134 AB - This report is Volume V of a series of 7 reports summarizing Illinois EPA 's 1987 Volunteer Lake Monitoring Program (VLMP). It provides a program overview, a summary of 1987 VLMP lakes in East-Central Illinois, including a discussion of lake characteristics, volunteer participation, and a ranking of lakes on a regional basis. East-Central Illinois results are compared to statewide statistics. Lake assessment information from the Illinois Water Quality Report 1986-1987 for East-Central VLMP lakes is provided and briefly discussed. Lake/watershed management strategies are described. Sixty-six volunteers recorded total depth, Secchi disk transparency, and field observations for 28 lakes in East-Central Illinois between May and October, 1987. Average transparencies ranged from 12-97 inches. Twenty-one percent of the lakes exhibited average transparencies greater than 4 feet, 40% between 2 and 4 feet, and 39% less than 2 feet. One lake was classified as mesotrophic , and the remainder, eutrophic, based on average Secchi disk transparency. (See also W90-05133) (Author 's abstract) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield VA 22161, as PB89-127708. Price codes: A06 in paper copy, A01 in microfiche. Report No. IEPA/WPC/88-016e, September 1988. 104p, 2 fig, 5 tab, 29 ref, 2 append. AU - Hawes, J AU - Weatherby-Thomas, N AU - Wood, V AD - Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency Springfield. Div. of Water Pollution Control Y1 - 1988/04// PY - 1988 DA - Apr 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Illinois KW - Lakes KW - Water quality KW - Public participation KW - Monitoring KW - Secchi disks KW - Field tests KW - Transparency KW - Trophic level KW - Water depth KW - SW 0850:Lakes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19093047?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Volunteer+Lake+Monitoring+Program%2C+1987.+Volume+V%3A+East-Central+Illinois+Region&rft.au=Hawes%2C+J%3BWeatherby-Thomas%2C+N%3BWood%2C+V&rft.aulast=Hawes&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1988-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Volunteer Lake Monitoring Program, 1987. Volume VI: Southwestern Illinois Region AN - 19092175; 9005827 AB - Illinois has more than 2900 lakes of 6 acres or more. These lakes comprise a valuable resource essential to the economic health of the State. Recognizing the need to assess the quality of Illinois lakes and devise protection and management strategies, Illinois EPA began investigating lakes in 1987. As a result of these early studies and growing public interest, the Volunteer Lake Monitoring Program (VLMP) was initiated in 1981. The intent of the VLMP was to involve citizen volunteers with lake monitoring, thereby providing public education in lake/watershed management, and at the same time to establish a lake information base which could be used to help diagnose lake problems and support lake management decision making. The volunteer lowers a Secchi disc into the water and records the depth at which it disappears from view to determine light penetration into a body of water. This measurement can be used to document changes in transparency of lake water due to algae, sediment and organic matter, which interfere with light penetration. The volunteer also records observations about other important environmental characteristics of the lake, such as water color, suspended algae and sediment, aquatic weeds and odor. Weather conditions on the day of sampling, as well as during the prior week, are recorded. Any recent lake management activities or other factors which could impact the lake are documented. VLMP data for 9 lakes in the Southwestern Illinois Region are organized as follows: (1) summary of 1987 regional results, discussion of lake characteristics, volunteer participation, ranking of lakes on a regional basis and comparison to statewide statistics; (2) individual lake summaries for those VLMP lakes that were monitored for nine or more periods during the 1987 season; and (3) individual lake data (in tabular and graphic form) for those VLMP lakes in the region which were monitored between four and eight sampling periods during the 1987 season. (Lantz-PTT) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield VA. 22161, as PB89-166797. Price codes: A04 in paper copy, A01 in microfiche. Report No. IEPA/WPC/88-016f, November 1988. 79p, 20 fig, 15 tab, 23 ref, 2 append. AU - Clement, ME AU - Andres, SE AD - Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency Springfield. Div. of Water Pollution Control Y1 - 1988/04// PY - 1988 DA - Apr 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Data acquisition KW - Illinois KW - Lakes KW - Monitoring KW - Public participation KW - Water quality control KW - Algae KW - Color KW - Data collections KW - Hydrologic data KW - Organic matter KW - Secchi disks KW - Suspended sediments KW - Turbidity KW - SW 0850:Lakes KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19092175?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Volunteer+Lake+Monitoring+Program%2C+1987.+Volume+VI%3A+Southwestern+Illinois+Region&rft.au=Clement%2C+ME%3BAndres%2C+SE&rft.aulast=Clement&rft.aufirst=ME&rft.date=1988-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Superfund Record of Decision: Brown Wood Preserving, FL AN - 19090134; 9103567 AB - The 55-acre Brown Wood Preserving Site is located approximately two miles west of the City of Live Oak, Suwannee County, Florida. The site is located in karst terrain in which sinkholes are a common geological feature. The areas surrounding the site are considered rural and light agricultural. There are four private wells located along the site periphery that obtain water from an aquifer 20-100 feet below the site. The public water supply wells for the City of Live Oak are located less than two miles away. The site contains a former wood preserving plant facility, which pressure treated timber products with creosote and some pentachlorophenol (PCP) for thirty years between 1948 and 1978. During this time, several different companies operated the facility. In addition, the facility was rebuilt following a fire in February 1974. Sludge and contaminated soils have been identified in the immediate vicinity of the plant site and an upgradient lagoon. This three-acre lagoon drains approximately 74-acres and contains water provided above approximately 3, 000 cu yds of creosote sludge and contaminated soil. In addition, small amounts of solidified creosote and PCP are contained in onsite storage tanks and retorts. In 1981, EPA was notified by one of the former facility owners that hazardous waste may have been handled at the site. In July 1982, the Florida Department of Environmental Regulation (FDER) inspected the site and detected a number of organic compounds. An action, completed in February 1988, resulted in the removal of approximately 200, 000 gallons of lagoon water and 15,000 tons of contaminated lagoon sludge and soil. The primary contaminants of concern affecting the soil, sediments, sludge, and wastewater are creosote constituents including Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The selected remedial action for this site includes: removal and treatment, if necessary, of lagoon water with discharge to a publicly-owned treatment works; excavation, treatment, and offsite disposal of approximately 1,500 tons of the most severely contaminated soil and sludge; onsite biodegradation of approximately 10, 000 tons of the remaining soils in a 14-acre treatment area constructed with a liner and an internal drainage and spray irrigation system; covering of the treatment area with clean fill after bioremediation; and groundwater monitoring. The estimated present worth cost for this remedial action is $2,740 ,000. (Author 's abstract) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22161, as PB90-104795/AS. Price codes: AO in paper copy, AO1 in microfiche. Report No. EPA/ROD/RO4-88/034. April 1988. 358p, 3 fig, 7 tab. Y1 - 1988/04// PY - 1988 DA - Apr 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Cleanup operations Creosote Florida Groundwater pollution Path KW - of pollutants Soil contamination Superfund Biodegradation Costs KW - Offsite disposal Organic compounds Polycyclic aromatic KW - hydrocarbons KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19090134?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Superfund+Record+of+Decision%3A+Brown+Wood+Preserving%2C+FL&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1988-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Superfund Record of Decision: Independent Nail, SC AN - 19081944; 9100446 AB - The Independent Nail site, occupying 24.6 acres, is located near the town of Beaufort, South Carolina. The site is surrounded by fields, woodlands, and wetlands. The United States Fish and Wildlife Service in 1987 indicated that endangered and threatened species may exist in the area of influence of the site, however, these species have not been confirmed to be inhabiting areas that may be impacted by the operations at the site. An estimated 25 residents live within one quarter mile of the site. The Black & Johnson Company, previous owners of the site, manufactured metallic screws and fasteners. As part of the manufacturing process, the company discharged approximately 33 ,000 gal/day of plating wastewater into a unlined infiltration lagoon. The discharge rate may have been as high as 75,000 gal/day. The lagoon was in use from approximately 1969 to 1980. The South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control reported that wastewater contained some organic cleaning solvents and metals. In April 1980, the Black & Johnson Company ceased operation. Two months later, the Independent Nail Company purchased the plant and currently operates a panelling-nail coating process, but does not discharge wastewater to the lagoon. The first remedial action at this site addressed the contaminants in the soil and lagoon sediments. This remedial action at this site addresses groundwater contamination. The primary contaminants of concern include chromium, zinc, and cyanide. The selected remedial action for this site addressing groundwater is a no action remedy. The source control remedial action conducted at the site was determined to have little or no impact on groundwater quality in the area of the site. This remedial action has no costs associated with it. (Author 's abstract) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22161, as PB89-209829/AS. Price codes: A04 in paper copy, A01 in microfiche. Report No. EPA/ROD/R04-88/040, August 1988. 69p, 4 fig, 4 tab. Y1 - 1988/04// PY - 1988 DA - Apr 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Administrative decisions Metal-finishing wastes Site remediation KW - South Carolina Superfund sites Endangered species Groundwater KW - quality Independent Nail Site Infiltration Wastewater lagoons KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19081944?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Superfund+Record+of+Decision%3A+Independent+Nail%2C+SC&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1988-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Superfund Record of Decision: G.E. Wiring, PR AN - 19081412; 9103565 AB - The GE Wiring Devices site is located in Juana Diaz, Puerto Rico. The General Electric Company (G.E.) owns and operates a five-acre wiring devices plant at this site, which assembled silent mercury switches from 1957 until 1969. Approximately half a ton of mercury was discarded along with 4,000 cu yd of defective switch parts and plastic scraps in an onsite waste-fill area about 1 acre in area and 1 to 4 feet deep. Several residences are located approximately 400 feet south of the waste-fill area, which is surrounded by a concrete retaining wall and a fence. Groundwater in the area is used as a source of drinking water with a public supply well located approximately 1 ,500 feet west of the waste- fill area. In addition, groundwater flows to the west toward the San Jacaquas River. About 500,000 gallons of perched water has accumulated within the waste-fill area as a result of precipitation/recharge. Evidence indicates that contamination of the water table is occurring due to the migration of perch water through the clay layer that exists beneath the waste-fill area. Approximately 1,500 cu yd of near-surface soil south and downgradient of the waste-fill area has been contaminated by mercury primarily as a result of previous surface runoff from the plant area. The primary contaminant of concern affecting the groundwater, soil, and debris is mercury. The selected remedial action for this site includes: onsite hydrometallurgical treatment of the waste-fill materials, perched water, and contaminated near-surface soil with disposal of the treatment residue in the former waste-fill area, followed by covering with a clean soil cover, and onsite treatment of the process leaching agent with discharge to a publicly-owned treatment works; additional investigation of the groundwater to determine the extent of contamination; and limited groundwater monitoring, provided there is no need for groundwater remediation. The estimated capital cost for this remedial action is $1,912,870. There are no O&M costs associated with this remedy. (Author 's abstract) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22161, as PB189518/AS. Price codes: AO3 in paper copy, AO1 in microfiche. Report No. EPA/ROD/RO2-88/069. September 1988. 36p, 6 fig, 2 tab. Y1 - 1988/04// PY - 1988 DA - Apr 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Cleanup operations Groundwater pollution Mercury Path of KW - pollutants Puerto Rico Superfund Costs Industrial wastes KW - Remedial action plans Soil contamination KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19081412?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Superfund+Record+of+Decision%3A+G.E.+Wiring%2C+PR&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1988-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Superfund Record of Decision: Croyden TCE Spill, PA AN - 19081383; 9103601 AB - The Croyden TCE Spill site is located in Bristol Township, Bucks County, Pennsylvania. Volatile organic compound (VOC) contamination in the groundwater has been detected over a 3.5 sq mi area referred to as the study area. The study area is predominantly residential with an estimated 3,000 residents. A small southeastern portion of the study area containing elevated levels of VOCs, particularly TCE, and numerous potential source areas have been identified and are referred to collectively as the ' focused area of investigation. ' This smaller area is composed of the Croyden residential community and several manufacturing and commercial establishments. The study area is bordered on the south by the Delaware River. Neshaminy Creek, which borders the study area to the west, and Hog Run Creek which flows through the focused area of investigation, both discharge to the river. Although the source of contamination has not been identified, the contaminant plume appears to be flowing south-southeast into the East Branch of Hog Run Creek and probably into the Delaware River. EPA identified the Croyden site following a series of studies beginning in 1984 conducted on the Rohm & Haas site, an industrial landfill, located on the southern boundary of the site. The primary contaminants of concern affecting the groundwater are TCE and PCE. The selected remedial action for the site includes connecting approximately 13 residences to the public water supply system via the construction of new water services lines, mains, hydrants, and valves; and groundwater monitoring to ensure that homes located outside of the TCE-contaminated zone will not be at risk from the migrating plume. The estimated present worth cost for this remedial action is $106,000 with annual O&M cost of $3,400 for 30 years. (Author 's abstract) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22161, as PB89-229512. Price codes: A04 in paper copy, A01 in microfiche. Report No. EPA/ROD/R03-89/066, December 1988. 55p, 2 fig, 7 tab. Y1 - 1988/04// PY - 1988 DA - Apr 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Chlorinated hydrocarbons Cleanup operations Path of pollutants KW - Pennsylvania Superfund Volatile organic compounds Industrial KW - wastes Polychloroethane Tetrachloroethane Water pollution KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19081383?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Superfund+Record+of+Decision%3A+Croyden+TCE+Spill%2C+PA&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1988-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Superfund Record of Decision: Berks Sand Pit, PA. First Remedial Action- Final AN - 19081041; 9102651 AB - The three to four-acre Berks Sand Pit site is located in Longswamp Township, Berks County, Pennsylvania. There are at least 20 single family homes within the investigation area, including one on top of the actual sand pit. The immediate vicinity of the site is zoned for low density residential use. The Berks Sand Pit was created by the removal of sand and gravel , but reportedly was used by area residents for refuse disposal. Industrial waste also was alleged to have been disposed of in the area around the pit. Houses were constructed and private wells installed at the location beginning in 1978, after the pit was backfilled. The site first came to the attention of EPA in January 1982 when area residents detected groundwater contamination. Emergency actions were undertaken by EPA in the summer of 1983. The pit was partially excavated and backfilled with clean fill, but no pocket of contamination was discovered. The primary contaminants of concern affecting the groundwater, surface water, and sediments are volatile organic carbons (VOCs) including 1,1,1-TCA, 1, 1,-DCA, PCE, and 1,1-DCE. The selected remedial action for this site included: excavation of contaminated sediments with offsite treatment by incineration; groundwater pump and treatment using air stripping and vapor phase carbon absorption with reinjection of treated water back into the aquifer; provision of an alternate water supply system, surface and groundwater monitoring; and restrictions to prevent installation of drinking water wells in the contaminated aquifer. The estimated present worth cost for this remedy is $10 ,773,100, with annual operating and maintenance costs of $459 ,200. (Author 's abstract) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22161, as PB89-206361/AS. Price codes: AO3 in paper copy, AO1 in microfiche. Report No. EPA/ROD/R03-88/060. September 1988. 38p, 7 fig, 8 tab. Y1 - 1988/04// PY - 1988 DA - Apr 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Cleanup operations Groundwater pollution Site remediation KW - Superfund Water pollution treatment Costs Pennsylvania Volatile KW - organic compounds Water supply KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19081041?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Superfund+Record+of+Decision%3A+Berks+Sand+Pit%2C+PA.+First+Remedial+Action-+Final&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1988-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Superfund Record of Decision: Cannon Engineering, MA. First Remedial Action--Final AN - 19080993; 9102655 AB - The Cannon Engineering Corporation (CEC) facility is located in a small industrial park in the western part of the Town of Bridgewater, Plymouth County, Massachusetts. The four-acre site is bordered by industrial developments to the north and east and a wooded lowland to the south and west. A wetland area lies south and west of the site. CEC, which has owned the property since 1974, handled, stored, and incinerated chemical waste onsite from 1974 to 1980. EPA conducted site investigations between 1980 and 1982, and in October 1982, Massachusetts contracted for the removal of sludge and liquid waste from onsite tanks and drums. In January 1988, EPA provided for the removal and disposal of numerous hazardous materials abandoned at the site. This remedial action addresses three discrete areas of soil and sediment contamination located in the northwestern and southern portions of the site, and the buildings, tanks, and other contaminated structures onsite. The volume of contaminated soil is estimated to be 325 cu yds. The primary contaminants of concern affecting the groundwater, soil, and debris are VOCs including benzene, TCE, and vinyl chloride, and other organics including PCBs and PAHs. The selected remedial action for this site includes: access restrictions; excavation and onsite treatment of VOC-contaminated soil by thermal aeration, and excavation and offsite treatment of PCB-contaminated soil by incineration; decontamination, removal, and disposal of contaminated buildings, tanks, and structures; additional soil sampling to assess effectiveness; groundwater monitoring and implementation of a water quality monitoring program to assess natural attenuation of contaminants; and institutional controls to restrict onsite groundwater use. The estimated present worth cost for this remedial action is between $3,400, 000, and $4,505 ,000 with present worth operation and maintenance of $700, 000. (Author 's abstract) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22161, as PB89-225577/AS. Price codes: A11 in paper copy, AO1 in microfiche. Report No. EPA/ROD/R01-88/031. March 1988. 228p, 3 fig, 9 tab, 3 append. Y1 - 1988/04// PY - 1988 DA - Apr 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Cleanup operations Industrial wastes Massachusetts Site KW - remediation Soil contamination Superfund Benzene Costs KW - Monitoring Polychlorinated biphenyls Polycyclic aromatic KW - hydrocarbons Remediation measures Storage tanks Vinyl chloride KW - Volatile organic compounds KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19080993?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Superfund+Record+of+Decision%3A+Cannon+Engineering%2C+MA.+First+Remedial+Action--Final&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1988-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Total Organic Halide Measurements AN - 19079013; 9002427 AB - Measurements of surrogates and of specific compounds can be useful in assessing water quality. In some cases, analyses for specific chemical provide the required information. In other situations, however, individual halogen-containing chemicals cannot be measured easily or at all, and total organic halides (TOX) or nonpurgeable organic halides (NPOX) measurements are a useful indicator of chemical content. For a survey of possible organohalide contamination, OX measurements may be satisfactory as a prelude to more detailed analysis or simply as an early warning indicator. An important application of OX measurements is in unit process design, control, and monitoring. Measurement of OX in wastewater primarily discerns compounds of industrial origin, whereas analysis of OX in finished drinking water primarily discerns disinfection by-products. Trihalomethane and NPOX data generated under carefully controlled ' treatment ' conditions can lead to a plant design that minimizes the formation, and thus the concentration, of halogenated disinfection by-products in the treated water. Halogenated by-products can be monitored and, to some extent, controlled in plant operation. From a health standpoint, minimizing these halogen-containing chemicals is assumed to be desirable, but in most cases an attempt is being made to control chemicals that cannot be directly measured. Many water samples have the potential for containing both disinfection by-products and industrial synthetic organics. Organohalide methods, being nonexclusive, have the hidden potential for biasing any attempted exclusive measure of either class of target organohalides. In spite of its shortcomings, the TOX method has a unique advantage in that it can verify the absence of OX contamination without the need to resort to a variety of specific methods to eliminate all the possibilities. Costs can be saved by using a single method to monitor a situation in which two or more methods might otherwise be required. To demonstrate the absence of either volatile organohalides or nonvolatile organohalides, measuring POX and NPOX can be used to similar advantage. (See also W90-02412) (Lantz-PTT) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield VA 22161, as PB89-124465. Price codes: A03 in paper copy, A01 in microfiche. Report No. EPA/600/D-88/234, November 1988. 18p, 2 fig, 5 tab, 25 ref. AU - Dressman, R C AU - Stevens, A A AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab Y1 - 1988/04// PY - 1988 DA - Apr 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Pollutant identification KW - Halides KW - Chemical analysis KW - Water analysis KW - Water quality control KW - Monitoring KW - Organic compounds KW - Wastewater KW - SW 3010:Identification of pollutants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19079013?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Total+Organic+Halide+Measurements&rft.au=Dressman%2C+R+C%3BStevens%2C+A+A&rft.aulast=Dressman&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1988-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Selected Municipal Sludge Topics AN - 19072646; 8903672 AB - The amount of sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plants is increasing in the United States as is resistance to its disposal. The Environmental Protection Agency adopted the concept of risk assessment as the basis for a set of sludge disposal regulations. For each disposal method, a list of toxic materials judged likely to have the most severe effect on human health was prepared and a maximum exposed individual (MEI) was defined. A three-tiered regulatory approach was developed that would allow different degrees of consideration to be given to site-specific factors. The Environmental Protection Agency also carried out an aggregate risk assessment that produced an estimate of the national impact of sludge disposal. The unreviewed results indicate a low incidence of negative health effects under existing conditions. Conversion of municipal treatment plant sludge to fuel eliminates the problem of disposal and provides income from sale of the fuel or saves operating expense through use in the treatment plant. Although the feasibility of recovering about one-half of the thermal energy in sludge as a liquid fuel has been shown, the economics of a full-scale system need to be determined. A full-scale vertical reactor for wet oxidation of municipal wastewater sludge was constructed at Longmont, Colorado in 1983 and has been operating on the sludge from that community. In the United States, about 40 percent of the sludge is disposed to solid waste landfills. A four-year study revealed that leachate was not produced immediately nor even after early additions of simulated rainwater. The addition of municipal wastewater sludge to solid waste landfills was not environmentally detrimental. To provide information on the relative destruction of pathogenic microorganisms in sludges from conventional activated sludge compared to extended aeration, a side-by-side continuous pilot study was carried out using the same wastewater feed. The longer solids retention time process, extended aeration, results in a greater reduction of indicator organisms. (See also W89-03657) (Davis-PTT) JF - Proceedings of the Eleventh United States/Japan Conference on Sewage Treatment Technology. Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield VA 22161, as PB88-214986. Price codes: A99 in paper copy, E04 in microfiche. April 1988, p 421-441. 5 fig, 4 tab, 8 ref. AU - Brunner, CA AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab Y1 - 1988/04// PY - 1988 DA - Apr 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Wastewater treatment KW - Sludge disposal KW - Regulations KW - Liquid fuel KW - Wet oxidation KW - Vertical reactor KW - Sludge utilization KW - SW 3050:Ultimate disposal of wastes KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes KW - SW 4050:Water law and institutions UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19072646?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Selected+Municipal+Sludge+Topics&rft.au=Brunner%2C+CA&rft.aulast=Brunner&rft.aufirst=CA&rft.date=1988-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Coliform Non-Compliance Nightmares in Water Supply Distribution Systems AN - 19070588; 8904847 AB - Coliform occurrences in distribution systems have created a great concern for both utilities and Water Authorities because of the implied public health implications and failure to meet Federal Regulations. Many of the known cases involve systems in the east and midwest. The common denominator is systems that have significant amounts of pipe networks over 75 years old and all are treating surface waters. Origins for these contamination events can be found in source water fluctuations, failures in treatment barrier protection or loss of pipe network integrity. Once passage into the distribution network has been achieved, some of the coliforms (Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Citrobacter) and other heterotrophic bacteria adapt to the pipe environment, finding protection and nutrient support in pipe sediments. Under conditions of seasonal warm waters (10 C) and availability of assimilable organics in the pipe sediments and tubercles, colonization grows into biofilms that may slough-off into the water supply, creating a coliform non-compliance problem. Significance of these occurrences and control measures are part of a realistic action plan presented for guidance. (Author 's abstract) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield VA 22161, as PB88-158936. Price codes: A03 in paper copy, A01 in microfiche. Report No. EPA/600/D-88/005, January 1988. 38p, 3 tab, 94 ref. AU - Geldreich, EE AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH. Drinking Water Research Div Y1 - 1988/04// PY - 1988 DA - Apr 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Water supply systems KW - Pipes KW - Coliforms KW - Microbiological studies KW - Bacteria KW - Water temperature KW - Water treatment KW - Water quality KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19070588?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Coliform+Non-Compliance+Nightmares+in+Water+Supply+Distribution+Systems&rft.au=Geldreich%2C+EE&rft.aulast=Geldreich&rft.aufirst=EE&rft.date=1988-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Role of Quality Assurance in Future EPA Audits AN - 19069375; 8904790 AB - An integral part of EPA 's compliance inspection process is the evaluation of the permittee 's laboratory and quality assurance (QA) program to determine whether approved procedures are followed and the data are reported according to permit requirements. A QA plan has two components: a QA program and quality control (QC) procedures. QA refers to the total program and is required for all functions bearing environmentally related measurements. This includes activities such as: project/study plans; sample collection; laboratory analysis; data validation, analysis, reduction, and reporting; documentation; and data storage. QC focuses on the detailed technical activities (calibrations, duplicates, spikes, monitoring of temperature regulated devices, etc.) needed to achieve a specified data quality and is implemented at the field/bench level. EPA criteria for evaluating the QA programs of permittee laboratories cover several points; among these are laboratory qualifications, laboratory performance evaluation standards, sample matrix effects, and documentation. The trend is toward stricter guidance to help data reviewers determine the reliability and usability of the data. Once the guidance is in place there is an excellent probability that it will be mandated by EPA. (See also W89-04782) (Rochester-PTT) JF - Analytical Techniques and Residuals Management in Water Pollution Control Specialty Conference April 19-20 1988. Water Pollution Control Federation, Alexandria, VA 22314-1994. p 74-79. AU - Birch, M H AD - Environmental Protection Agency Athens, GA Y1 - 1988/04// PY - 1988 DA - Apr 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Environmental Protection Agency KW - Performance evaluation KW - Water analysis KW - Environmental Protection Agency Audits KW - Quality control KW - Enforcement KW - Data acquisition KW - Standards KW - Quality assurance KW - SW 5010:Network design KW - SW 3010:Identification of pollutants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19069375?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Role+of+Quality+Assurance+in+Future+EPA+Audits&rft.au=Birch%2C+M+H&rft.aulast=Birch&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1988-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - EPA 's Sludge Permit Program AN - 19069336; 8904801 AB - Amendments to Section 405 of the Clean Water Act require that permits issued to publicly-owned treatment works (POTWs) contain conditions to protect public health and the environment from pollutants in sewage sludge. These conditions are to consist of sludge standards when promulgated and, prior to that time, conditions developed on a case-by-case basis. The amendments have initiated a federal permit program to protect the environment from contaminated sludge and to encourage the beneficial reuse of uncontaminated sludge through permits issued either by EPA or the states. Development of the sludge program by EPA will be done as much as possible by building on existing federal permit programs and state sludge programs. In the immediate future, a primary focus will be on identifying sludge use or disposal problems requiring immediate attention, and on developing case-by-case requirements for permits issued to those facilities that are most likely to be a threat to the public health or environment. (See also W89-0484782) (Author 's abstract) JF - Analytical Techniques and Residuals Management in Water Pollution Control Specialty Conference April 19-20 1988. Water Pollution Control Federation, Alexandria, VA 22314-1994. p 37-44. AU - Kirkpatrick, M AU - Clovis, D AD - Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC. Office of Water Enforcement and Permits Y1 - 1988/04// PY - 1988 DA - Apr 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Sludge disposal KW - Wastewater treatment KW - Permits KW - Clean Water Act KW - Environmental Protection Agency KW - Public health KW - Standards KW - Administrative regulations KW - SW 3050:Ultimate disposal of wastes KW - SW 4050:Water law and institutions UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19069336?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=EPA+%27s+Sludge+Permit+Program&rft.au=Kirkpatrick%2C+M%3BClovis%2C+D&rft.aulast=Kirkpatrick&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1988-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Promising Technologies for the Biological Detoxification of Hazardous Waste AN - 19068369; 8903322 AB - There are, under development, a number of new biological technologies that target the cleanup of contaminated hazardous waste sites. These technologies utilize specific organisms to degrade organic chemical contaminants to less toxic species. The attraction to this new area of treatment in the United States is the restrictions on waste burial, costs of conventional alternative technology, and the assumption that biological processes are more environmentally agreeable. Two areas of development discussed are the use of white rot fungus wood degrader for water and soil treatment and a pentachlorophenol degrader. The white rot based treatment is focused on the treatment of wood treating wastes, i.e. creosote, pentachlorophenol and associated materials. (Author 's abstract) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield VA 22161, as PB88-173356. Price codes: A03 in paper copy, A01 in microfiche. Report No. EPA/600/D-88/040, February 1988. 12p, 27 ref. AU - Glaser, JA AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH Y1 - 1988/04// PY - 1988 DA - Apr 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Hazardous wastes KW - Biological treatment KW - Wastewater treatment KW - Waste disposal KW - Cleanup operations KW - Organic compounds KW - Costs KW - Biodegradation KW - Fungi KW - Water pollution prevention KW - Soil contamination KW - Pentachlorophenol KW - Creosote KW - Wood wastes KW - SW 3050:Ultimate disposal of wastes KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19068369?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Promising+Technologies+for+the+Biological+Detoxification+of+Hazardous+Waste&rft.au=Glaser%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Glaser&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1988-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nation 's Water Quality: Into the 21st Century AN - 19067173; 8903670 AB - The new Water Quality Act of 1987 made important corrections to existing pollution control legislation and was passed in order to build upon progress achieved since 1972 which include: the Construction Grants Program which has assisted in the completion of improvement projects at over 4600 sewage treatment plants; expenditures at the Federal, state and local level which have allowed an increase of population served by secondary treatment by more than 50 million people since 1972; state governments successfully assigning designated use and water quality criteria to the waterbodies of the United States; more than 60,000 point source dischargers were issued permits; substantial improvements in water quality management capability and expertise occurring at the State and local levels of government; and water quality improvements despite substantial population growth and industrial development. Although most waterbodies have maintained the same water quality since 1972, over 4 times more stream miles have been improved than have been degraded. The Water quality Act of 1987 will address such issues as: developing innovative methods for financing of municipal facility construction, controlling nonpoint source pollution, providing adequate environmental protection for estuaries, controlling municipal and industrial stormwater discharges, identification and control of toxic pollutants, and establishing programs, including regulation, for sewage sludge management. (See also W89-03657) (Davis-PTT) JF - Proceedings of the Eleventh United States/Japan Conference on Sewage Treatment Technology. Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield VA 22161, as PB88-214986. Price codes: A99 in paper copy, E04 in microfiche. April 1988, p 365-390.1 fig. AU - Blanco, R J AD - Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC. Municipal Facilities Div Y1 - 1988/04// PY - 1988 DA - Apr 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Water pollution control KW - Water pollution treatment KW - Legislation KW - Water quality KW - Water quality standards KW - Congress KW - Impacted rivers KW - Estuaries KW - Stormwater discharges KW - Toxics KW - Sludge KW - Budgeting KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - SW 4050:Water law and institutions UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19067173?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Nation+%27s+Water+Quality%3A+Into+the+21st+Century&rft.au=Blanco%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Blanco&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1988-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of Sewage Sludge on Leachates and Gas from Sludge-Refuse Landfills AN - 19066230; 8904812 AB - A 4-yr experiment has been completed on the effect of municipal wastewater sludge on leachate quality and gas production from simulated landfill test cells containing municipal solid waste. Addition of 10-30% by weight of a 16-percent-solids sludge cake to the solid waste caused the initiation of rapid anaerobic biological stabilization (RBS) in about 10 mo. Solid waste test cells not containing sludge required about 30 mo before the onset of RBS. During the 20-mo interim, the test cells containing sludge produced leachates containing about 1500 mg/L COD compared to values averaging 30,000 mg/L for the test cells without sludge. Heavy metal concentrations (Cd, Cr, Pb, Ni, Fe, Zn) in the leachage were generally lower initially in the cells containing sludge but after 4 yr were about the same as for the cells lacking sludge. (See also W89-04782) (Author 's abstract) JF - Analytical Techniques and Residuals Management in Water Pollution Control Specialty Conference April 19-20 1988. Water Pollution Control Federation, Alexandria, VA 22314-1994. p 184-216, 11 fig, 11 tab, 4 ref. AU - Farrell, J B AU - Dotson, G K AU - Stamm, J W AU - Walsh, J J AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab Y1 - 1988/04// PY - 1988 DA - Apr 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Sludge disposal KW - Leachates KW - Landfills KW - Path of pollutants KW - Waste stabilization KW - Municipal wastewater KW - Wastewater analysis KW - Heavy metals KW - Pilot plants KW - Gas KW - SW 3050:Ultimate disposal of wastes KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19066230?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effects+of+Sewage+Sludge+on+Leachates+and+Gas+from+Sludge-Refuse+Landfills&rft.au=Farrell%2C+J+B%3BDotson%2C+G+K%3BStamm%2C+J+W%3BWalsh%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=Farrell&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1988-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Selected Innovative and Alternative Technology Developments AN - 19066148; 8903678 AB - New technologies for municipal wastewater treatment facilities are discussed. The trickling filter/solids contact (TF/SC) process is a biological and physical process that includes a TF, an aerobic solids contact basin, a flocculation zone, and a secondary clarifier. Most of the operating trickling filter plants use rock media. Work at the Morro Bay-Cayucos plant and at the Coeur d'Alene plant showed that effluent quality could be improved by replacing conventional secondary clarifiers with flocculator-clarifiers. The Two-Zone Process, which can be retrofilted to upgrade existing aerators or clarifiers, uses the lower portion of the tank as a biological reactor and the upper portion as the clarifier. Flow and load equalization should be provided whenever the peak-to-average hydraulic loading ratio and carbonaceous loading ratio, exceed 2.4 to 2.5 respectively. Influent flows to the Two-Zone Process should be pretreated with fine screening and primary treatment to avoid fouling of the oxygenator. A 0.07 MGD pilot plant study was conducted in South Lynn, MI to evaluate the Rim-Nut Process. This is a physical-chemical process which utilizes selective ion-exchange resin to remove both ammonium and phosphate ions from wastewater and recover ammonium magnesium phosphate. The rubber tide gate, based upon a check valve concept, provides a potential low maintenance and cost effective alternative to conventional flap gates. During the 18 month evaluation period of the rubber tide gate, it required almost no maintenance and indicated negligible inflow with good sealing and self-cleaning characteristics. (See also W89-03657) (Davis-PTT) JF - Proceedings of the Eleventh United States/Japan Conference on Sewage Treatment Technology. Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield VA 22161, as PB88-214986. Price codes: A99 in paper copy, E04 in microfiche. April 1988, p 785-824. 11 fig, 14 tab, 8 ref. AU - Convery, J J AU - Kreissl, J F AU - Heidman, JA AU - Brenner, R C AU - Dobbs, R A AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab Y1 - 1988/04// PY - 1988 DA - Apr 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Wastewater treatment KW - Technology KW - Economic aspects KW - Trickling filters contact KW - Two-zone process KW - Sludge drying KW - Gates KW - Ion exchange KW - Clarifiers KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19066148?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Selected+Innovative+and+Alternative+Technology+Developments&rft.au=Convery%2C+J+J%3BKreissl%2C+J+F%3BHeidman%2C+JA%3BBrenner%2C+R+C%3BDobbs%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Convery&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1988-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Summary of Chemical and Biological Phosphorus Removal Experience in North America AN - 19065821; 8903675 AB - The need to control phosphorus and nitrogen concurrently is being encountered frequently today. These requirements may take the form of combined phosphorus removal-nitrification or combined phosphorus removal-nitrogen removal. Over 15 years of experience with chemical phosphorus removal has produced a high degree of confidence in the technology 's ability to meet a wide range of effluent standards. Biological phosphorus removal is relatively new. Although some biological phosphorus removal approaches possess inherent potential advantages over mineral addition, their eventual acceptance and usage with the chemical alternative will depend on their ability to provide long-term reliable operation and performance. Lower effluent phosphorus concentrations can more consistently be attained with the sidestream PhoStrip biological phosphorus removal process than with the mainstream biological phosphorus removal processes. Recycle of significant quantities of solubilized phosphorus in digester supernatants back to the main plant flow is a distinct possibility that must be considered with some biological phosphorus removal options. Lower mineral salt dosages appear to be required with activated sludge plants than with plants employing fixed film biological systems. Part of the higher dosages required with the fixed film systems may be attributable to the generally shallower and less-conservatively designed final clarifiers provided in many older trickling filter plants. Biological phosphorus removal technology offers a variety of options for effectively combining nitrogen control with phosphorus removal. However, combining nitrogen and phosphorus control in a single biological system requires careful design to avoid upsetting the operation and efficiency of the anaerobic zone. (See also W89-03657) (Davis-PTT) JF - Proceedings of the Eleventh United States/Japan Conference on Sewage Treatment Technology. Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield VA 22161, as PB88-214986. Price codes: A99 in paper copy, E04 in microfiche. April 1988, p 603-667. 26 fig, 22 tab, 8 ref. AU - Brenner, R C AU - Lussier, D J AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab Y1 - 1988/04// PY - 1988 DA - Apr 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Phosphorus removal KW - Nitrogen removal KW - Wastewater treatment KW - Organic carbon removal KW - Suspended solids removal KW - Disinfection KW - Sludge KW - Economic aspects KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19065821?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Summary+of+Chemical+and+Biological+Phosphorus+Removal+Experience+in+North+America&rft.au=Brenner%2C+R+C%3BLussier%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Brenner&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1988-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biological Wastewater Treatment of Azo Dyes AN - 19063366; 8903327 AB - Azo dyes constitute a significant portion of Premanufacture Notification (PMN) submissions and specific azo dyes have recently been added to the EPA priority list for considerations in the development of test rules under Section 4 of the toxic Substances Control Act. Azo dyes are of concern because some of the dyes, dye precursors, and/or their degradation products such as aromatic amines (which are also dye precursors) have been shown to be, or are suspected to be, carcinogenic. The fate of azo dyes in biological wastewater treatment systems was studied to aid in the review of PMN submissions and to assist in the possible development of test rules. Extensive pilot-scale activated sludge process testing for 18 azo dyes and from fate studies of C.I. Disperse Blue 79 in aerobic and anaerobic wastewater treatment were performed but the results are not presented in this report. (Lantz-PTT) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield VA 22161, as PB88-213709. Price codes: A02 in paper copy, A01 in microfiche. Report No. EPA/600/D-88/084, May 1988. 3p. AU - Schaul, G M AU - Dempsey, C R AU - Dostal, KA AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab Y1 - 1988/04// PY - 1988 DA - Apr 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Wastewater treatment KW - Biological wastewater treatment KW - Azo dyes KW - Industrial wastewater KW - Dyes KW - Aromatic compounds KW - Amines KW - Organic compounds KW - Fate of pollutants KW - Monitoring KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19063366?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Biological+Wastewater+Treatment+of+Azo+Dyes&rft.au=Schaul%2C+G+M%3BDempsey%2C+C+R%3BDostal%2C+KA&rft.aulast=Schaul&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1988-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Volunteer Lake Monitoring Program, 1987. Volume I: Statewide Summary Report AN - 19063133; 8902869 AB - A Volunteer Lake Monitoring Program initiated by the Illinois EPA in 1981 was continued in 1987. Citizens were trained to measure Secchi disc transparency, total depth, and record field observations from a boat at designated sites on their chosen lake. Readings were to be taken at least twice a month from May through October, and the results forwarded to the Agency. In addition, volunteers for 15 lakes collected water samples for analysis of nutrients and suspended solids when performing the Secchi monitoring. An historical perspective of the Volunteer Lake Monitoring Program is described with program objectives and rationale. Methods for volunteer training and data handling/analysis are described; 1987 program results presented and discussed; and trends analyzed. Two hundred four volunteers participated in monitoring 150 lakes in 1987; 134 lakes had data for 4 or more sampling periods and are included in this report. Average transparencies for the lakes ranged from 7 inches to 167 inches. Two thirds of the 134 lakes monitored 4 or more sampling periods in 1987 had transparencies less than 4 feet; 28% were less than 2 feet. One lake was classified as oligotrophic, thirteen lakes mesotrophic, and the remaining 120 lakes, eutrophic, based on average Secchi disc transparency. (Author 's abstract) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield VA. 22161, as PB88-209044. Price codes: A06 in paper copy, A01 in microfiche. Report No. IEPA/WPC/88-016a, April 1988. 132p, 8 fig, 7 tab, 6 ref, 5 append. AU - Hawes, J B AD - Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency Springfield. Div. of Water Pollution Control Y1 - 1988/04// PY - 1988 DA - Apr 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Lakes KW - Public participation KW - Water quality KW - Monitoring KW - Illinois KW - Secchi disks KW - Transparency KW - Eutrophication KW - Limnology KW - Water sampling KW - Nutrients KW - Suspended solids KW - SW 0850:Lakes KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - SW 3010:Identification of pollutants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19063133?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Volunteer+Lake+Monitoring+Program%2C+1987.+Volume+I%3A+Statewide+Summary+Report&rft.au=Hawes%2C+J+B&rft.aulast=Hawes&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1988-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Investigation of Volatile Organic Chemical Contamination in Groundwater Near Rockton, Illinois AN - 19062742; 8910302 AB - The Illinois Environmental Protection Agency (IEPA) is conducting a special study of groundwater in the vicinity of the Blackhawk Subdivision north of Rockton as part of a broader study of groundwater contamination in Winnebago County. The purpose of this special study is to identify the extent and source of groundwater contamination affecting private drinking water wells. Private well sampling conducted by the IEPA confirms the presence of volatile organic chemicals (VOC's) in seventeen private drinking water wells. Proposed drinking water standards have been violated at three of these wells. Two wells exceeded standards for tetrachloroethylene and for trans 1 ,2-dichloroethylene. Two of these wells also exceeded established standards for 1,1,1-trichloroethane, 1 ,1-dichloroethylene and trichloroethylene. Concurrently, IEPA identified four potential sources of contamination in the immediate vicinity of the Blackhawk Subdivision. Three of these suspected sources, are downgradient of the contaminated wells, and neither use hazardous substances that were detected in monitoring wells and drinking water wells nor use the two chemicals of most concern, tetrachloroethylene and 1 ,1-dichloroethylene. One company is located upgradient of the effected drinking water wells and has handled or disposed of VOCs found in drinking water wells. These same chemicals have also appeared in three monitoring wells on its property. The IEPA monitoring well upgradient showed no contamination. All of the evidence gathered to date indicates this corporation 's property as the primary and perhaps sole source of VOC contamination found in residential wells. (Lantz-PTT) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield VA 22161, as PB88-239959. Price codes: A04 in paper copy, A01 in microfiche. March 1988. 70p, 6 fig, 1 tab, 11 ref, 5 append. AU - Otto, S AU - Michaud, G AU - Morse, J AD - Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency Springfield. Div. of Land Pollution Control Y1 - 1988/04// PY - 1988 DA - Apr 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Illinois KW - Groundwater pollution KW - Water pollution sources KW - Volatile organic compounds KW - Chlorinated hydrocarbons KW - Dichloroethylene KW - Trichloroethylene KW - Trichloroethane KW - Pollutant identification KW - SW 3010:Identification of pollutants KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19062742?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Investigation+of+Volatile+Organic+Chemical+Contamination+in+Groundwater+Near+Rockton%2C+Illinois&rft.au=Otto%2C+S%3BMichaud%2C+G%3BMorse%2C+J&rft.aulast=Otto&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1988-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Status of ' Site ' Program Demonstrations AN - 19060819; 8912036 AB - In response to the Superfund Amendments for Reauthorization Act of 1986, the Office of Research and Development (ORD) and the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response (OSWER) have established the Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE) program to accelerate the development and use of alternative technologies at Superfund sites. The SITE program will provide the opportunity to demonstrate new and innovative technologies, as well as provide assurance on performance data and cost information on those technologies. Since 1986, EPA has solicited requests for proposals three times. In 1986 (SITE-001) 21 responses were received and 10 technologies were selected for demonstration. The second solicitation (SITE-002) in 1987 received 29 responses. Of the 29 proposals, 11 were selected. The demonstration process on the SITE-001 1986 selected technologies began in 1987. The technologies were: (1) electric infrared furnace; (2) solidification and stabilization; (3) vacuum extraction; (4) oxygen enriched burner; (5) electric pyrolyzer; (6) circulating fluidized bed combustion; and (7) biological extraction. SITE-002 technologies went through a site selection process in January 1988 and demonstration plans for these technologies are being prepared. These technologies are: (1) biological; (2) extraction; (3) thermal; (4) ion exchange; and (5) solidification/stabilization. (See also W89-12002) (Lantz-PTT) JF - HWHM 88: Hazardous Wastes and Hazardous Materials. Proceedings of the 5th National Conference held April 19-21 1988, Las Vegas, Nevada. 1988. p 256-260, 5 ref. AU - Lewis, N M AU - Hill, R D AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab Y1 - 1988/04// PY - 1988 DA - Apr 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Site remediation KW - Water pollution treatment KW - Superfund KW - Field tests KW - Performance evaluation KW - Incineration KW - Heat treatment KW - Solidification KW - Stabilization KW - Biological treatment KW - Ion exchange KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19060819?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Status+of+%27+Site+%27+Program+Demonstrations&rft.au=Lewis%2C+N+M%3BHill%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1988-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Removal of Organics from Drinking Water AN - 19059929; 8905397 AB - Organic contamination of drinking water is caused by two general classes of organics; man-made synthetic organics and disinfection of naturally occurring organics (disinfection by-products). Many volatile and non-volatile synthetic organics at trace concentrations are being detected in surface and groundwaters. Contaminated groundwater usually contains two or more predominant organic compounds and several other identifiable ones at lesser concentrations. Surface waters, such as rivers, generally contain many organic compounds in low concentrations. The treatment technologies that EPA 's Drinking Water Research Division (DWRD) is evaluating for removal of volatile organic chemicals (VOCs), synthetic organic chemicals (SOCs) and disinfection by-products from water supplies are summarized. Carbon adsorption is effective for removing both VOCs and SOCs. Packed tower and diffused aeration are best suited for removing VOCs. Of the technologies that show promise and are being tested at the bench and pilot scales, conventional treatment with powdered activated carbon (PAC) is effective for removing a few of the SOCs, ozone oxidation is effective for removing certain classes of VOCs and SOCs, and certain reverse osmosis membranes and ultraviolet treatment are also potentially effectively against VOCs and SOCs. (Author 's abstract) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield VA 22161, as PB88-159058. Price codes: A03 in paper copy, A01 in microfiche. Report No. EPA/600/D-88/008, January 1988. 20p, 8 fig, 7 tab, 19 ref. AU - Lykins, B W AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH. Drinking Water Research Div Y1 - 1988/04// PY - 1988 DA - Apr 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Drinking water KW - Water treatment KW - Organic compounds KW - Synthetic organic compounds KW - Disinfection KW - Pollutant identification KW - Groundwater pollution KW - Volatile organic compounds KW - Activated carbon KW - Adsorption KW - Ozonation KW - Reverse osmosis KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19059929?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Removal+of+Organics+from+Drinking+Water&rft.au=Lykins%2C+B+W&rft.aulast=Lykins&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1988-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Improved Laboratory Dispersant Effectiveness Test AN - 19058883; 8904752 AB - A preliminary evaluation of the Improved Laboratory Dispersant Effectiveness Test indicates this test has a better scientific basis, uses a simpler apparatus, requires less laboratory space, and uses more up-to-date laboratory techniques to evaluate dispersants for floating oil on the ocean surface than the previous Revised Standard Dispersant Effectiveness Test. The improved test provides a method to evaluate dispersant effectiveness in a physically realistic condition by creating a test energy level dynamically similar to the small-scale ocean turbulence responsible for droplet formation. The preliminary evaluation shows a possible improvement in precision over the existing EPA method. (Author 's abstract) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield VA 22161, as PB88-184882. Price codes: A06 in paper, A01 in microfiche Report No. EPA/600/2-88/023, March 1988. 105p, 10 fig , 24 tab, 18 ref. Contract 68-03-3203. AU - Shum, J S AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH. Office of Research and Development Y1 - 1988/04// PY - 1988 DA - Apr 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Testing procedures KW - Oil spill cleanup KW - Chemical analysis KW - Water analysis KW - Dispersants KW - Improved Laboratory Dispersant Effectiveness Test KW - Revised Standard Dispersant Effectiveness Test KW - Laboratory equipment KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19058883?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Improved+Laboratory+Dispersant+Effectiveness+Test&rft.au=Shum%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Shum&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1988-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Microbiology and Drinking Water Filtration AN - 19057279; 8908551 AB - This paper briefly reviews historical filtration research for control of bacteria. It provides a comprehensive review of modern research for removal of bacteria, viruses, and protozoan cysts. Processes discussed are slow sand filtration, diatomaceous earth filtration, and the variations of coagulation-filtration (rapid sand filtration, direct filtration , and in-line filtration). Pilot plant data were emphasized, but when possible the results of full scale filter plants are also presented. All of the treatment processes reviewed in this chapter can remove viruses, bacteria, and Giardia cysts from raw water with proper facility design, necessary maintenance, and appropriate operational procedures. Filtration plant performance can be evaluated by a number of methods including turbidity, particle count by electronic instrument, total microscopic count of bacteria, microscopic analysis of particulate count from wound filters, and analysis for viruses, bacteria, or protozoan cysts. When culture techniques are used to evaluate microorganism removal in filtration, disinfection must not be practiced before filtered water samples are collected; otherwise the actual degree of physical removal can not be determined. Simultaneous use of more than one evaluation technique may be appropriate, not only for research but also for plant operation. (Lantz-PTT) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield VA 22161, as PB88-225057. Price codes: A04 in paper copy, A01 in microfiche. Report No. EOA/600/D-88/139, June 1988. 58p, 1 fig, 3 tab, 53 ref. AU - Logsdon, G S AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab Y1 - 1988/04// PY - 1988 DA - Apr 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Microbiological studies KW - Drinking water KW - Filtration KW - Water treatment KW - Bacteria KW - Viruses KW - Protozoa KW - Sand filters KW - Pilot plants KW - Physical treatment KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19057279?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Microbiology+and+Drinking+Water+Filtration&rft.au=Logsdon%2C+G+S&rft.aulast=Logsdon&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1988-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pesticide Assessment Guidelines Subdivision N, Chemistry: Environmental Fate. Series 161-2 and 161-3, Photolysis Studies. Addendum 4 on Data Reporting AN - 19056593; 8904874 AB - The Data Reporting Guideline (DRG) for Photolysis Studies in Water and on Soil, Series 161-2 and 161-3, gives guidance to pesticide registrants on the format for their study report so that the Agency can review it efficiently. This guidance clarifies sections in the existing Pesticides Assessment Guidelines, Subdivision N, on data reporting. It provides an outline for the study report and describes the topics which should be addressed such as the light source and relationship to natural sunlight, characteristics of the soil or water used, the equipment, experimental design, analytical method, description of the handling and analysis of samples and provides guidance on the presentation of the results of the study. Data submitters can use the DRG in preparing their reports for submission to EPA to meet 40 CFT 158 requirements for the registration of pesticides. (Author 's abstract) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield VA 22161, as PB88-159900. Price codes: A03 in paper copy, A01 in microfiche. January 1988. 8p. AU - Creeger, S M AU - Conerly, E B AD - Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC. Office of Pesticide Programs Y1 - 1988/04// PY - 1988 DA - Apr 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Pesticides KW - Fate of pollutants KW - Standards KW - Photolysis KW - Water quality control KW - Light intensity KW - Chemical analysis KW - Monitoring KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19056593?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Pesticide+Assessment+Guidelines+Subdivision+N%2C+Chemistry%3A+Environmental+Fate.+Series+161-2+and+161-3%2C+Photolysis+Studies.+Addendum+4+on+Data+Reporting&rft.au=Creeger%2C+S+M%3BConerly%2C+E+B&rft.aulast=Creeger&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1988-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Stringfellow Leachate Treatment with RBC AN - 19056469; 8903328 AB - A study was conducted with a rotating biological contactor (RBC) for treatment of leachate from the Stringfellow hazardous waste site in Riverside County, California. The leachate was transported from California to Cincinnati, where a pilot sized RBC was installed at the EPA 's Testing and Evaluation (T and E) Facility. A series of kinetic runs - made with primary effluent from the City of Cincinnati 's Mill Creek Sewage Treatment Plant to develop a biomass on the disks and to obtain a standard kinetic removal rate. These runs were then followed with Stringfellow leachate experiments that included: Operations at various ratios of leachate to primary effluent; Operations at 100% leachate; Operations to increase the percentage removal of dissolved organics. The study on treating Stringfellow leachate with a RBC showed that: 65% of the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) can be removed by biological treatment; the residuals remaining after biological treatment will require further processing with activated carbon to achieve levels below 100 mg DOC/L; The direct scaleup of the pilot plant result to the Stringfellow site would require 3.3 years of operation to recover the capital costs for a RBC treatment stage; and a modified design scaleup based on satisfying the reaction time requirements is an attractive alternative to reduce capital costs and thus reduce the capital cost recovery period from 3.3 years to 1.1 years. (Lantz-PTT) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield VA 22161, as PB88-170105. Price codes: A03 in paper copy, A01 in microfiche. Report No. EPA/600/D-88/013, February 1988. 17p, 5 fig, 2 tab, 6 ref. AU - Opatken, E J AU - Howard, H K AU - Bond, J J AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab Y1 - 1988/04// PY - 1988 DA - Apr 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Hazardous wastes KW - Wastewater treatment KW - Rotating biological contactor KW - Leachates KW - Biological wastewater treatment KW - Stringfellow Hazardous Waste Site KW - California KW - Primary effluents KW - Organic compounds KW - Organic carbon KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19056469?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Stringfellow+Leachate+Treatment+with+RBC&rft.au=Opatken%2C+E+J%3BHoward%2C+H+K%3BBond%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=Opatken&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1988-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reverse Osmosis for Removing Synthetic Organics from Drinking Water: A Cost and Performance Evaluation AN - 19056166; 8908484 AB - According to the Safe Drinking Water Act Amendments, granular activated carbon was specified as being feasible for control of synthetic organic chemicals (SOCs). Therefore, any treatment technique for SOCs must be as effective as granular activated carbon. One such treatment technique may be reverse osmosis. Until recently, reverse osmosis was mainly evaluated for removal of salts and other inorganic compounds but both bench-scale and field studies have shown its effectiveness for removing SOCs from drinking water. Using standardized cost curves, the cost of reverse osmosis for various scenarios was calculated. One of the main concerns and reservations of using reverse osmosis is concentrate disposal. If reverse osmosis is selected by a community, utility, or individual home owner as the best treatment for their situation, performance will be one selection criterion. Another consideration will be cost compared to other available treatment options. (Author 's abstract) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield VA 22161, as PB88-225016. Report No. EPA/600/D-88/134, June 1988. 25p, 12 fig, 6 tab, 9 ref. AU - Lykins, B W AU - Clark, R M AU - Fronk, CA AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab Y1 - 1988/04// PY - 1988 DA - Apr 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Cost analysis KW - Drinking water KW - Reverse osmosis KW - Organic compounds KW - Water treatment KW - Costs KW - Economic aspects KW - Activated carbon KW - Inorganic compounds KW - Waste disposal KW - Membrane processes KW - Performance evaluation KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19056166?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Reverse+Osmosis+for+Removing+Synthetic+Organics+from+Drinking+Water%3A+A+Cost+and+Performance+Evaluation&rft.au=Lykins%2C+B+W%3BClark%2C+R+M%3BFronk%2C+CA&rft.aulast=Lykins&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1988-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fate of Water Soluble Azo Dyes in the Activated Sludge Process AN - 19056158; 8902935 AB - Azo dyes are of concern because some of the dyes, dye precursors , and/or their degradation products such as aromatic amines (which are also dye precursors), have been shown to be, or are suspected to be, carcinogenic. Specific azo dyes were spiked at 1 and 5 mg/L to pilot-scale treatment systems with both liquid and sludge samples collected. Samples were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet-visible detector. Mass balance calculations were made to determine the percentage of the dye compound in the waste activated sludge and in the activated sludge effluent. Of the 18 dyes studied, 11 compounds passed through the activated sludge process substantially untreated, 4 were significantly adsorbed onto the waste activated sludge and 3 were apparently biodegraded. (Author 's abstract) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield VA 22161, as PB88-208251. Price codes: A04 in paper copy, A01 in microfiche. Report No. EPA/600/2-88/030, May 1988. 76p, 2 fig, 9 tab, 13 ref, append. AU - Shaul, G M AU - Dempsey, C R AU - Dostal, KA AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab Y1 - 1988/04// PY - 1988 DA - Apr 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Wastewater treatment KW - Dye industry wastes KW - Azo dyes KW - Activated sludge process KW - Sludge digestion KW - Chemical analysis KW - Aromatic compounds KW - Organic compounds KW - Biodegradation KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19056158?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Fate+of+Water+Soluble+Azo+Dyes+in+the+Activated+Sludge+Process&rft.au=Shaul%2C+G+M%3BDempsey%2C+C+R%3BDostal%2C+KA&rft.aulast=Shaul&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1988-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of Water and Soil Treatment Technology Based on the Utilization of a White-Rot, Wood Rotting Fungus AN - 19055592; 8910290 AB - The wood rotting fungus, Phanerochaete chrysosporium has been selected as a candidate species to be used as a degrader of hazardous waste organic constituents found in liquids and soils. The selection of this species is attributable to its rapid growth, its ability to degrade lignin rapidly, its ability to asexually multiply, and its high temperature optimum. Based on the fungus ' ability to degrade lignin several investigators speculated that the fungus should be able to degrade aromatic organic constituents found in hazardous waste. Early studies with the polychlorinated biphenyl mixture Arochlor 1254, DDT, Lindane and other chlorinated contaminants indicated that the fungus may have exceptional degradative abilities. The lignin degrading ability of the fungus is a secondary metabolic cycle that is controlled by the absence of certain nutrients. (Author 's abstract) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield VA 22161, as PB88-238175. Price codes: A03 in paper copy, A01 in microfiche. Report No. EPA/600/D-88/143, August 1988. 12p, 32 ref. AU - Glaser, JA AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab Y1 - 1988/04// PY - 1988 DA - Apr 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Wastewater treatment KW - Soil treatment KW - Biodegradation KW - Fungi KW - Hazardous wastes KW - Organic compounds KW - Lignin KW - Polychlorinated biphenyls KW - Arochlor KW - DDT KW - Lindane KW - Chlorinated hydrocarbons KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19055592?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Development+of+Water+and+Soil+Treatment+Technology+Based+on+the+Utilization+of+a+White-Rot%2C+Wood+Rotting+Fungus&rft.au=Glaser%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Glaser&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1988-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Research Activities in Drinking Water Technology: A Progress Report AN - 19055453; 8903738 AB - The Safe Drinking Water Act and its Amendments (SDWAA) have given EPA an aggressive standard setting agenda. This agenda, if carried out fully, will impact on water utilities in the U.S. EPA 's Drinking Water Research Division (DWRD) is responsible for evaluating technologies for meeting the maximum contaminant levels to be established under SDWAA. Work is actively being conducted in the following areas: identification and control of disinfection by-products; use of microcolumn and adsorption modeling to predict usage rates for granular activated carbon (GAC); cost of GAC systems; use of ozone and ozone/H2O2 for oxidation of organics; reverse osmosis; radon removal; calculation of column effluent concentration times time (C x t) values; and control of water quality in distribution systems. Among the most promising technologies for organic removal are ozone, ozone in combination with other oxidants, and reverse osmosis (ultrafiltration). Work will also continue in examining various techniques for disinfection of pathogenic organisms. (Author 's abstract) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield VA 22161, as PB88-171236. Price codes: A03 in paper copy, A01 in microfiche. Report No. EPA/600/D-88/036, February 1988. 39p, 16 fig, 8 tab, 15 ref. AU - Clark, R M AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH. Drinking Water Research Div Y1 - 1988/04// PY - 1988 DA - Apr 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Drinking water KW - Research priorities KW - Water treatment KW - Granular activated carbon KW - Ozonation KW - Oxidation KW - Organic compounds KW - Reverse osmosis KW - Radon KW - Ozone KW - Filtration KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19055453?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Research+Activities+in+Drinking+Water+Technology%3A+A+Progress+Report&rft.au=Clark%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1988-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In Situ Treatment and Removal of an Acidic Copper Plating Waste Spill from a Flowing Stream AN - 19054880; 8912023 AB - An in-stream treatment system consisting of an alum flocculation basin followed by a sand filter was developed to remove copper, resulting from a tank truck spill, from a 2-mile section of Ash Creek near Azle, Texas. The system was constructed from readily available materials in about six hours, and all contaminated water was treated within 24 hr. The copper removal efficiency approached 90% and varied with pH and alum addition rate. Optimal system performance occurred at a pH of 7.1 and an alum concentration of 1 gm/L. (See also W89-12002) (Author 's abstract) JF - HWHM 88: Hazardous Wastes and Hazardous Materials. Proceedings of the 5th National Conference held April 19-21 1988, Las Vegas, Nevada. 1988. p 172-176, 4 fig, 12 ref. AU - Staves, J C AU - Hammack, P L AD - Environmental Protection Agency Dallas, TX. Region VI Y1 - 1988/04// PY - 1988 DA - Apr 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Water treatment KW - In situ treatment KW - Copper KW - Metal-finishing wastes KW - Ash Creek KW - Texas KW - Flocculation KW - Filtration KW - Cleanup operations KW - Hydrogen ion concentration KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19054880?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=In+Situ+Treatment+and+Removal+of+an+Acidic+Copper+Plating+Waste+Spill+from+a+Flowing+Stream&rft.au=Staves%2C+J+C%3BHammack%2C+P+L&rft.aulast=Staves&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1988-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Status of Fine Pore Aeration in the United States AN - 19054823; 8903676 AB - Fine pore diffused aeration has become a major force in the United States aeration market. The effect of process operating conditions and the impact of diffuser cleaning on fine pore diffused aeration performance and design are described. The American Society of Civil Engineers Committee on Oxygen Transfer is composed of 50 volunteer engineers and scientists, primarily from the United States, but with representation from Canada, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and West Germany. The Steering Subcommittee meets four to five times a year to review progress on all phases of the project and to make mid-course changes in direction as needed. Fifteen major field studies have been funded by the Steering Subcommittee to generate the data necessary. The study sites and descriptions, as presented in a table, include: Whittier Narrows, CA; Terminal Island, CA; Frankenmuth, MI; Monroe, WI; Madison, WI; Hartford, CT; Glastonbury, CT; Ridgewood, NJ; Dallas, TX; Milwaukee, WI; Valencia, CA; and Northern Europe. Fine pore diffuser fouling in the United States does not appear to be as prevalent or severe as first contemplated. Other factors, most notably wastewater characteristics and process operating conditions, play a larger role than fouling in lower field oxygen transfer efficiency for some fine pore diffuser installations. A correlation appears to exist between fine pore diffuser performance and solids retention time. Increasing solids retention time promotes improved diffuser performance. Preliminary information indicates that plug flow operation may produce a higher standard oxygen transfer efficiency values than the step aeration mode of operation. Rigorous cleaning, while necessitating tank draining and process interruption, is effective in restoring ceramic diffuser field oxygen transfer efficiency to like new conditions. Internal acid gas cleaning effectiveness in restoring ceramic fine pore diffuser performance and or retarding the rate of field oxygen transfer efficiency loss appears to be site specific. (See also W89-03657) (Davis-PTT) JF - Proceedings of the Eleventh United States/Japan Conference on Sewage Treatment Technology. Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield VA 22161, as PB88-214986. Price codes: A99 in paper copy, E04 in microfiche. April 1988, p 669-701. 9 fig, 7 tab, 11 ref. AU - Brenner, R C AU - Boyle, W C AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab Y1 - 1988/04// PY - 1988 DA - Apr 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Aeration KW - Wastewater treatment KW - Energy KW - Fine pore diffusers KW - Oxygen demand KW - Flow regime KW - Cleaning techniques KW - Oxygen transfer KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19054823?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Status+of+Fine+Pore+Aeration+in+the+United+States&rft.au=Brenner%2C+R+C%3BBoyle%2C+W+C&rft.aulast=Brenner&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1988-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Air Strippers and Their Emissions Control at Superfund Sites AN - 19054703; 8910369 AB - Air stripping, a traditional means of making slightly contaminated groundwater potable, is being applied increasingly to more severe groundwater pollution at remedial action sites. Concentrations of volatile and semivolatile compounds at such sites may reach hundreds of parts per million. As a result, several changes have resulted in air stripping technology. New air stripping technologies are being employed to achieve very high (> 99%) removal of volatile compounds and to increase the removal of semivolatiles. New stripper designs are being investigated for compactness and mobility. In addition, emissions controls are being added because air pollution impacts are larger. This paper discusses these trends and provides examples from groundwater cleanup at remedial action sites in the United States. (Author 's abstract) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield VA 22161, as PB88-239082. Price codes: A03 in paper copy, A01 in microfiche. Report No. EPA/600/D-88/153, August 1988. 20p, 4 fig , 6 tab 25 ref. EPA Contract 68-02-3992. AU - Blaney, B L AU - Branscome, M AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab Y1 - 1988/04// PY - 1988 DA - Apr 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Water pollution treatment KW - Decontamination KW - Superfund KW - Air pollution KW - Emission control KW - Air stripping KW - Groundwater quality KW - Potable water KW - Water treatment KW - Groundwater pollution KW - Volatile organic compounds KW - Organic compounds KW - Cleanup operations KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - SW 0840:Groundwater KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19054703?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Air+Strippers+and+Their+Emissions+Control+at+Superfund+Sites&rft.au=Blaney%2C+B+L%3BBranscome%2C+M&rft.aulast=Blaney&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1988-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Locating and Repairing Leaks in Landfill/Impoundment Flexible Membrane Liners AN - 19054700; 8911005 AB - Large quantities of solid and hazardous wastes generated each year are commonly disposed of in landfills and surface impoundments. Because the liquids (leachates) in surface impoundments and landfills are frequently toxic, nearby surface water, groundwater, and soil must be protected. Geomembrane liners (flexible membrane liners, FMLs) are often used to form an impermeable barrier to prevent migration of contaminant liquids to nearby soil and water. The factory-fabricated sheets of polymeric materials are seamed together at a field site to form a continuous barrier between the landfill/impoundment (L/I) waste and the surrounding environment. As a pollution barrier this FML must be sound and without defect. The accuracy of surface earth potential measurements to locate leaks depends on several factors. The presence of instrument noise, poor electrical contact between the ground and the electrodes, localized inhomogeneities of the surface resistivity, electrode polarization noise, and the presence of interfering signals such as electrical power line interference all serve to decrease accuracy. A half-cell electrode, which reduces polarization noise significantly, was used in the tests. The electrical leak location (ELL) method, adapted to make surface soil potential measurements with the use of half-cell electrodes, was well suited for locating leaks in L/I FMLs with protective soil covers. Small leaks were located in an FML covered with soil without the need for an overlaying conductive layer of liquid. To reduce electrode contact noise, the electrodes were inserted into the soil to penetrate the dry surface soil. It was determined that surveys can be performed after the protective soil is put in place so that leaks caused by placing the soil can be located. The methods used to seam and test the seam quality of a particular FML are the same ones used to repair that FML. FMLs can be seamed with the use of: thermal methods, solvent methods, adhesives, and tape adhesives. (Lantz-PTT) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield VA 22161, as PB88-249651. Price codes: A03 in paper copy, A01 in microfiche. Report No. EPA/600/D-88/1183, August 1988. 11p, 2 fig, 8 ref. AU - Landreth, R E AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH Y1 - 1988/04// PY - 1988 DA - Apr 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Wastewater lagoons KW - Liners KW - Materials engineering KW - Maintenance KW - Landfills KW - Water pollution prevention KW - Waste disposal KW - Leaching KW - Geomembranes KW - Permselective membranes KW - Permeability KW - Electrical properties KW - Membrane liners KW - Leakage KW - Measuring instruments KW - Electrodes KW - Solid wastes KW - Hazardous materials KW - Leachates KW - Adhesives KW - Sealants KW - SW 3050:Ultimate disposal of wastes KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - SW 6070:Materials UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19054700?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Locating+and+Repairing+Leaks+in+Landfill%2FImpoundment+Flexible+Membrane+Liners&rft.au=Landreth%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Landreth&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1988-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Flushing and Scouring Flows for Habitat Maintenance in Regulated Streams AN - 19054649; 8912109 AB - This study explores the feasibility of maintaining and restoring sediment damaged aquatic and riparian habitats through managing reservoir releases to flush deposits of accumulated streambed sediments. Considered are: (1) classifying situations where controlled flushing or scouring could be applied beneficially, predict or evaluate effects, and by purpose; (2) review of pasta successes or failures; (3) methods of predicting flow requirements; and (4) presentation of two case studies (Platte River, NE and Trinity River, CA). Two major problems are the reliability of predictive methods and prediction of sediment loads from disturbed watersheds. Development of flows sufficient to contend with armored or cemented substrates and well developed bank vegetation may be especially difficult because of technical, legal and cost constraints. In many situations controlled reservoir releases will need to be combined with sediment management practices. Institutional problems would likely include: reservoir project repayment contracts, water rights, court decrees, and interstate compacts in addition to reprogramming reservoir operations. Technical considerations include the ecological need and environment trade-offs and site specific conditions including: watershed, flow regimen, sediment or bed composition, and channel morphology. (Author 's abstract) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield VA 22161, as PB89-101893. Price codes: A10 in paper copy, A01 in microfiche. Final Technical Report, 1988. 190p, 24 fig, 11 tab, 6 append. EPA Contract 68-01-6986. AU - Nelson, R W AU - Dwyer, J R AU - Greenberg, W E AU - Keup, LE AD - Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC. Office of Water Regulations and Standards Y1 - 1988/04// PY - 1988 DA - Apr 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Channel scour KW - Aquatic habitats KW - Regulated flow KW - Reservoirs KW - Sedimentation KW - Flushing KW - Reservoir operation KW - Reservoir silting KW - Flow control KW - Reservoir releases KW - Ecology KW - SW 0835:Streamflow and runoff KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation KW - SW 2010:Control of water on the surface UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19054649?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Flushing+and+Scouring+Flows+for+Habitat+Maintenance+in+Regulated+Streams&rft.au=Nelson%2C+R+W%3BDwyer%2C+J+R%3BGreenberg%2C+W+E%3BKeup%2C+LE&rft.aulast=Nelson&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1988-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Data-Based Water Quality Information System AN - 19053679; 8903360 AB - Various research activities conducted by the Drinking Water Research Division (DWRD) of the EPA have resulted in the generation of extensive measurement data pertaining to water quality. This data is useful for investigating the performance and cost of drinking water treatment process systems. In order to perform multiple and/or extensive evaluations of this data, it was necessary to develop a computer based information retrieval system that would provide a consistent input data format and the capability to manage, access and report required information. The computer software resulting from this effort has provided DWRD with an effective method for analyzing large amounts of field-scale research data and providing ideas to upgrade water quality. (Author 's abstract) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield VA 22161, as PB88-185 616. Price codes: A03 in paper copy, A01 in microfiche. Report No. EPA/600/D-88/055, March 1988. 10p, 6 fig, 2 ref. AU - Campbell, S AU - Finkeldey, J AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab Y1 - 1988/04// PY - 1988 DA - Apr 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Information storage and retrieval KW - Water quality KW - Databases KW - Data collections KW - Drinking water KW - Information exchange KW - Computers KW - Research KW - SW 5080:Evaluation, processing and publication KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19053679?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Data-Based+Water+Quality+Information+System&rft.au=Campbell%2C+S%3BFinkeldey%2C+J&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1988-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Flow Separation Conditions at Pipe Walls of Water Distribution Mains AN - 19053560; 8908485 AB - Biofilm formations on pipe walls have been found in potable water distribution mains. The biofilm layers contribute to accelerated corrosion rates, increased flow resistance, and formation of encrustations that may deteriorate drinking water quality. Research to evaluate the dependency on viscous pipe flow parameters and conditions at the pipe wall was conducted. Calculations illustrate that properties of separated flow conditions in cavities along the walls of water pipes can be determined from the governing equations of fluid dynamics. The self-purging of cavity-particle constituents was shown by modeling to be dependent upon diameter, specific gravity, and initial locations in the flow field. (Author 's abstract) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield VA 22161, as PPB88-220702. Price codes: A03 in paper copy, A01 in microfiche. Report No. EPA/600/D-88/130, June 1988. 10p, 1 fig, 4 ref. AU - Eilers, R G AU - Clark, R M AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab Y1 - 1988/04// PY - 1988 DA - Apr 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Flow separation KW - Pipes KW - Water conveyance KW - Pipe flow KW - Water distribution KW - Potable water KW - Corrosion KW - Water quality KW - Hydraulic structures KW - Biofilms KW - Fluid dynamics KW - Model studies KW - SW 6020:Hydraulics KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19053560?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Flow+Separation+Conditions+at+Pipe+Walls+of+Water+Distribution+Mains&rft.au=Eilers%2C+R+G%3BClark%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=Eilers&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1988-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - FLEX: An Expert System to Assess Flexible Membrane Liner Materials AN - 19052369; 8911004 AB - When a landfill or lagoon site is proposed, the U.S. EPA requires the party seeking the permit to submit evidence that the proposed site will not cause damage to the surrounding environment. To protect the soil and groundwater beneath and adjacent to the site, flexible membrane liners (FML) have been determined to meet the Agency 's liquids management strategy. Since there are wide variations in the quality of leachates from waste management sites and a wide variety of candidate liners, part of the proposal package must include data that will allow the EPA or state permit reviewer to judge the suitability of the proposed FML material. To demonstrate the chemical resistance of the FML, EPA requires that its Method 9090 be used, as a minimum , to test chemical resistance. In the test, the physical properties of FML specimens that have been immersed in waste/leachate (at 25 C and 50 C) are measured after each of four successive months and compared with the original unexposed FML physical properties. The FLEX (Flexible Liners Expert) system for evaluating chemical resistance data of FMLs, is a computer program whose results are presented in a written textual report generated as the system runs. This report lists problems with the data (too scattered or missing) as well as any values that indicate that the liner may be substandard or incompatible with the immersion medium. Also included in this report are explanations as to why any data are deficient. To test the validity of the FLEX advisory system, five recognized FML experts evaluated sample data sets for three types of FML 's--data sets similar to those produced by EPA Method 9090. The comparisons of the FLEX conclusions with those of the experts demonstrates the feasibility and practicality of FLEX. FLEX is able to advise concerning the FML chemical resistance of data submitted as part of a permit application. The system can be characterized as conservative--more stringent in its criteria than were some of the experts. Where FLEX and the experts disagreed, the system more often found the FML not resistant whereas the experts judged the data as being missing or with no indication not resistant. The system is presently useful to guide the permit reviewer and to identify those parts of the permit application where a more in-depth investigation is needed. (Lantz-PTT) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield VA 22161, as PB88-249578. Price codes: A03 in paper copy, A01 in microfiche. Report No. EPA/600/D-88/182, August 1988. 11p, 7 tab. AU - Landreth, R E AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH Y1 - 1988/04// PY - 1988 DA - Apr 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Computer programs KW - Materials engineering KW - Waste management KW - Liners KW - Water pollution prevention KW - FLEX KW - Membrane liners KW - Permselective membranes KW - Materials testing KW - Performance evaluation KW - Chemical properties KW - Data interpretation KW - Expert systems KW - Data collections KW - Permits KW - Landfills KW - Wastewater lagoons KW - Leachates KW - Physical properties KW - SW 3050:Ultimate disposal of wastes KW - SW 6070:Materials UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19052369?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=FLEX%3A+An+Expert+System+to+Assess+Flexible+Membrane+Liner+Materials&rft.au=Landreth%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Landreth&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1988-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reactivity of the Carbonate Radical with Aniline Derivatives AN - 19050719; 8901088 AB - Carbonate radicals generated by the photolysis of H2O2 at 313 nm in aqueous sodium bicarbonate, pH 8.3, or carbonate, pH 11.6, solution reacted with substituted aromatic amine derivatives. Particularly fast reactions were observed with anilines bearing electron-donating substituents, either on the ring or at the nitrogen atom. The results suggest that carbonate radicals may play a significant role in the removal of some aromatic amines from the aquatic environment, particularly in carbonate-rich waters. (Author 's abstract) JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry ETOCDK Vol. 7, No. 4, p 265-274, April 1988. 4 fig, 5 tab, 30 ref. AU - Larson, R A AU - Zepp, R G AD - Environmental Protection Agency Athens, GA. Southeast Environmental Research Lab Y1 - 1988/04// PY - 1988 DA - Apr 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Dyes KW - Path of pollutants KW - Fate of pollutants KW - Carbonates KW - Kinetics KW - Carcinogens KW - Anilines KW - Toxicity KW - Aquatic environment KW - Dissolved solids KW - Radioactive half-life KW - Aromatic compounds KW - Phenols KW - Sulfides KW - SW 0880:Chemical processes KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19050719?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Reactivity+of+the+Carbonate+Radical+with+Aniline+Derivatives&rft.au=Larson%2C+R+A%3BZepp%2C+R+G&rft.aulast=Larson&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1988-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pesticide Assessment Guidelines Subdivision N, Chemistry: Environmental Fate. Series 161-1, Hydrolysis Studies Addendum 3 on Data Reporting AN - 19050114; 8904875 AB - The Data Reporting Guideline (DRG) for Hydrolysis Studies, Series 161-1, gives guidance to pesticide registrants on the format for their study report so that the agency can review it efficiently. This guidance clarifies sections in the existing Pesticides Assessment Guidelines, Subdivision N, on data reporting. It provides an outline for the study report and describes the topics which should be addressed such as sampling intervals, source or preparation of buffers, the equipment used, method of sterilization, pH monitoring, description of the handling and analysis of samples, etc. and provides guidance on the presentation of the results of the study. Data submitters can use the DRG in preparing their reports for submission to EPA to meet 40 CFR 158 requirements for the registration of pesticides. (Author 's abstract) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield VA 22161, as PB88-159892. Price codes: A03 in paper copy, A01 in microfiche. January 1988. 8p. AU - Creeger, S M AU - Conerly, F B AD - Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC. Office of Pesticide Programs Y1 - 1988/04// PY - 1988 DA - Apr 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Pesticides KW - Fate of pollutants KW - Standards KW - Hydrolysis KW - Water quality control KW - Chemical analysis KW - Monitoring KW - Sample preparation KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19050114?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Pesticide+Assessment+Guidelines+Subdivision+N%2C+Chemistry%3A+Environmental+Fate.+Series+161-1%2C+Hydrolysis+Studies+Addendum+3+on+Data+Reporting&rft.au=Creeger%2C+S+M%3BConerly%2C+F+B&rft.aulast=Creeger&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1988-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Deterioration of Drinking Water Distribution Systems AN - 19039091; 8904751 AB - A frequently overlooked fact is the effect that the drinking water delivery system can have on the quality of water received at the tap. Deterioration of aging water supply systems can result in pipeline failures, pressure losses, fire hazards, damaged streets, human health concerns, and economic losses. The cumulative effects of inadequate maintenance and repair and a pipe 's local environment can contribute to leakage losses of up to 40% and > 2 breaks/km/year. Twenty percent of the waterborne disease outbreaks in the United States have been associated with distribution system failures. Coupled with these water quality considerations is the fact that delivery systems can account for up to 80% of the cost of water supply. (Author 's abstract) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield VA 22161, as PB88-159041. Price codes: A03 in paper copy, A01 in microfiche. Report No. EPA/600/D-88/007, January 1988. 28p, 16 fig, 1 tab, 8 ref. AU - Goodrich, JA AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH. Office of Research and Development Y1 - 1988/04// PY - 1988 DA - Apr 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Water conveyance KW - Drinking water KW - Water quality KW - Water distribution KW - Cost KW - Disease KW - Public health KW - Leakage KW - Pipes KW - Maintenance KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19039091?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Deterioration+of+Drinking+Water+Distribution+Systems&rft.au=Goodrich%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Goodrich&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1988-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dewatering Municipal Sewage Sludges Selecting a Process AN - 19035767; 8910248 AB - Using information and data obtained for an update of the EPA 's guidance document on dewatering municipal wastewater sludges, a sequential review is made of key considerations in selecting an optimum process. Included in the discussion are the principal mechanical dewatering devices now being applied: continuous belt filter presses, solid bowl centrifuges and recessed plate filter presses; their simplicity of operation and their major operational variables. All of the various methods of mechanical sludge dewatering have the capability to produce good recovery (> 90 percent) of feed solids and thus the major differentiation is the cake solids content. The capital cost and O&M costs associated with dewatering may be of secondary concern if there is a high cost associated with the water content of the sludge. Selection criteria for a plant 's dewatering process are critiqued in light of how the sludge will be disposed of, plant size and ease of the dewatering processes ' operation. (Author 's abstract) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield VA 22161, as PB88-238159. Price codes: A03 in paper copy, A01 in microfiche. Report No. EPA/600/D-88/175, August 1988. 7p, 4 fig, 7 tab. AU - Smith, JE AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH. Center for Environmental Research Information Y1 - 1988/04// PY - 1988 DA - Apr 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Dewatering KW - Wastewater treatment KW - Municipal wastewater KW - Sludge drying KW - Filtration KW - Centrifugation KW - Sludge disposal KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19035767?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Dewatering+Municipal+Sewage+Sludges+Selecting+a+Process&rft.au=Smith%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=1988-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Polychlorinated Dioxin and Furan Discharge During Carbon Reactivation AN - 19029795; 8808571 AB - Analyses were performed on samples collected from various effluent streams of a fluidized-bed and infrared furnace during reactivation of granular activated carbon used in treatment of drinking water. Polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans were produced during granular activated carbon reactivation. No detectable concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzodioxins or polychlorinated dibenzofurans were seen in the spent carbon fed to the reactivation furnaces. Although the total amount of organic halogens on the spent granular activated carbon ranged from 416-657 mg/kg, only small fractional amounts of polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and polychlorinated debenzofurans were formed. The low levels of polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans emitted into the atmosphere during granular activated carbon reactivation and the resulting cancer risks to the exposed population were minimal and negligible. (Author 's abstract) JF - Journal of Environmental Engineering JOEDDU Vol.114, No. 2, p , April 1988. 3 fig, 13 tab, 34 ref. AU - Lykins, B W AU - Clark, R M AU - Cleverly, D H AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab Y1 - 1988/04// PY - 1988 DA - Apr 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Dioxins KW - Furans KW - Activated carbon KW - Drinking water KW - Water treatment KW - Pollutants KW - Polychlorinated dibenzofurans KW - Granular activated carbon KW - Air pollution KW - Polychlorinated dibenzodioxins KW - Population exposure KW - Public health KW - Cancer KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19029795?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Polychlorinated+Dioxin+and+Furan+Discharge+During+Carbon+Reactivation&rft.au=Lykins%2C+B+W%3BClark%2C+R+M%3BCleverly%2C+D+H&rft.aulast=Lykins&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1988-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of Two-Dimensional Water Quality Model AN - 19018285; 8808572 AB - A two-dimensional, laterally averaged, finite-difference hydrodynamic and transport water quality model was applied to DeGray Lake, Arkansas, a reservoir extensively studied by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. The reservoir was known to exhibit strong longitudinal and vertical gradients in water quality, while lateral variations were generally small. DeGray Lake exhibited dissolved oxygen declines in the metalimnion of the main pool and hypolimnion of headwater regions during summer and fall months. Field data from two separate years were used to calibrate and verify the model. Spatial and temporal variations in dissolved oxygen concentrations and other water quality variables were successfully predicted throughout the stratification cycles. (Author 's abstract) JF - Journal of Environmental Engineering JOEDDU Vol.114, No. 2, p 317-336, April 1988. 7 fig, 3 tab, 33 ref. AU - Martin, J L AD - Environmental Protection Agency Athens, GA Y1 - 1988/04// PY - 1988 DA - Apr 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Water quality KW - Reservoirs KW - Lakes KW - DeGray Lake KW - Path of pollutants KW - Dissolved oxygen KW - Mathematical models KW - Model studies KW - Hydrodynamics KW - Arkansas KW - Limnology KW - SW 0850:Lakes KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19018285?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Application+of+Two-Dimensional+Water+Quality+Model&rft.au=Martin%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1988-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of CCl4-induced oxidation of hepatic tissue in vivo by oxygen-18 tracing. AN - 78155407; 3127945 AB - Oxidation of rat hepatic tissue was measured as incorporation of oxygen-18 (18O) from 18O2 following exposure to carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Anesthetized rats were injected with CCl4 and allowed to breathe 18O2 for 1 hr, and then livers were homogenized, fractionated, and dried. The dried fractions were pyrolyzed to CO by an oxygen elemental analyzer, the CO was oxidized to CO2, and isotope ratio mass spectrometry was used to determine the abundance of 18O in the CO2. Rats that breathed 18O2 (21% in N2) for 1 hr had significant incorporation of 18O into lipids, solutes, and macromolecules of the liver. Injection with CCl4 increased incorporation of 18O into all liver fractions, although this increase was significant only in the lipid fraction. Rats pretreated with phenobarbital and then given CCl4 had significantly increased 18O in all liver fractions although it was greatest in the lipid fraction. About 5 mumol of 18O per gram of dry liver was incorporated in phenobarbital/CCl4-treated rats, of which 60% was in the water-soluble fraction, 17% in the lipids, and 16% in the macromolecules. Piperonyl butoxide administration abolished the CCl4-induced 18O incorporation. Thus, 18O incorporation appeared to provide a measure of oxidation in all tissue fractions following in vivo CCl4-induced liver injury. JF - Toxicology and applied pharmacology AU - Hatch, G E AU - Santrock, J AU - Slade, R AU - Hayes, J M AD - Toxicology Branch, Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1988/03/30/ PY - 1988 DA - 1988 Mar 30 SP - 81 EP - 88 VL - 93 IS - 1 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - Oxygen Isotopes KW - 0 KW - Carbon Dioxide KW - 142M471B3J KW - Carbon Tetrachloride KW - CL2T97X0V0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Oxidation-Reduction KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Carbon Dioxide -- metabolism KW - Male KW - Lipid Metabolism KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Carbon Tetrachloride -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78155407?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Detection+of+CCl4-induced+oxidation+of+hepatic+tissue+in+vivo+by+oxygen-18+tracing.&rft.au=Hatch%2C+G+E%3BSantrock%2C+J%3BSlade%2C+R%3BHayes%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Hatch&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1988-03-30&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=81&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1988-05-03 N1 - Date created - 1988-05-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An alpha 2-adrenergic mode of action of chlordimeform on rat visual function. AN - 78157345; 2832971 AB - The hypothesis that chlordimeform increased the amplitude of components N1P1 and P1N3 in rat pattern-reversal visual evoked potentials through actions on alpha 2-adrenergic receptors was tested with two sets of experiments. First, rats received single injections of either vehicle, an alpha 2-adrenergic antagonist yohimbine (0.1, 0.5, or 2.0 mg/kg), or an alpha 2-adrenergic agonist clonidine (0.05, 0.1, or 0.5 mg/kg). Yohimbine alone had no effect on pattern-reversal evoked potential amplitude. Clonidine treatment produced a dosage related increase in amplitude of both components similar to that produced by chlordimeform (W.K. Boyes and R.S. Dyer, 1984, Brain Res. Bull., 10, 817-823). Second, rats were given double injections of either vehicle or yohimbine (0.05, 0.5, 2.0, or 5.0 mg/kg) followed by either vehicle, clonidine (0.1 or 0.2 mg/kg) or chlordimeform (10, 20, or 40 mg/kg). Yohimbine pretreatment attenuated the effects of subsequent treatment with either clonidine or chlordimeform. These results support the hypothesis that chlordimeform alters rat pattern-reversal evoked potentials through actions as a central nervous system alpha 2-adrenergic agonist. JF - Toxicology and applied pharmacology AU - Boyes, W K AU - Moser, V C AD - Neurotoxicology Division, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1988/03/15/ PY - 1988 DA - 1988 Mar 15 SP - 402 EP - 418 VL - 92 IS - 3 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - Amidines KW - 0 KW - Insecticides KW - Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha KW - Yohimbine KW - 2Y49VWD90Q KW - Chlorphenamidine KW - GXA8FP6Y9C KW - Clonidine KW - MN3L5RMN02 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Reaction Time -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Yohimbine -- pharmacology KW - Body Temperature -- drug effects KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Clonidine -- pharmacology KW - Male KW - Insecticides -- toxicity KW - Evoked Potentials, Visual -- drug effects KW - Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha -- drug effects KW - Amidines -- toxicity KW - Chlorphenamidine -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78157345?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.atitle=An+alpha+2-adrenergic+mode+of+action+of+chlordimeform+on+rat+visual+function.&rft.au=Boyes%2C+W+K%3BMoser%2C+V+C&rft.aulast=Boyes&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1988-03-15&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=402&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1988-04-26 N1 - Date created - 1988-04-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effects of low-level carbon monoxide exposure upon evoked cortical potentials in young and elderly men. AN - 78349398; 3398828 AB - The neurophysiological effects of acute, low-level carbon monoxide (CO) exposure are not well known. This experiment investigated the effects of a 5% carboxyhemoglobin level upon two indices of neurophysiological function, reaction time and the late positive component of the visual evoked potential in young and elderly men. Results indicated (1) no effects of CO upon any of the neurophysiological indices and (2) greater absorption of CO by young than by elderly men. These results, along with those of other studies, indicate that acute, low-level CO exposure is probably not neurotoxic, in normal, healthy men. JF - Neurotoxicology and teratology AU - Harbin, T J AU - Benignus, V A AU - Muller, K E AU - Barton, C N AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. PY - 1988 SP - 93 EP - 100 VL - 10 IS - 2 SN - 0892-0362, 0892-0362 KW - Carboxyhemoglobin KW - 9061-29-4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Carboxyhemoglobin -- metabolism KW - Reaction Time -- drug effects KW - Evoked Potentials -- drug effects KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Aging -- physiology KW - Carbon Monoxide Poisoning -- physiopathology KW - Carbon Monoxide Poisoning -- blood KW - Cerebral Cortex -- physiopathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78349398?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.atitle=The+effects+of+low-level+carbon+monoxide+exposure+upon+evoked+cortical+potentials+in+young+and+elderly+men.&rft.au=Harbin%2C+T+J%3BBenignus%2C+V+A%3BMuller%2C+K+E%3BBarton%2C+C+N&rft.aulast=Harbin&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1988-03-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=93&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.issn=08920362&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1988-08-26 N1 - Date created - 1988-08-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acute exposures to p-xylene and toluene alter visual information processing. AN - 78344553; 3398823 AB - Long-Evans hooded rats were exposed to single doses of toluene (PO) at 0, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg, to p-xylene (PO) at 0, 125, 250, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg, and to inhalation of p-xylene for 4 hr at 0, 800 or 1600 ppm. The functional integrity of the visual system was evaluated using flash-evoked potentials (FEPs). The data indicated a significant depression in amplitude of FEP peak N3 at 250 mg/kg and higher dosages of toluene and p-xylene. A similar depression in peak N3 amplitude was observed following inhalation exposure to 1600 ppm p-xylene. The effects produced by oral administration of 500 mg/kg p-xylene or toluene lasted at least 8 hr, while the effect of inhaled p-xylene dissipated within 75 min of removal from the exposure. FEP peak N3 is presumed to be related to arousal, such that increases in arousal from a relaxed state should decrease amplitude. Rats administered amphetamine in dosages of 0.6, 1.2 and 2.5 mg/kg (known to increase arousal) also had reduced N3 amplitude. The effects of p-xylene and toluene on FEPs, while indicative of altered processing of visual information, may be secondary to changes in arousal or excitability. JF - Neurotoxicology and teratology AU - Dyer, R S AU - Bercegeay, M S AU - Mayo, L M AD - Neurophysiology Branch, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. PY - 1988 SP - 147 EP - 153 VL - 10 IS - 2 SN - 0892-0362, 0892-0362 KW - Xylenes KW - 0 KW - Toluene KW - 3FPU23BG52 KW - 4-xylene KW - 6WAC1O477V KW - Amphetamine KW - CK833KGX7E KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats, Inbred Strains KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Evoked Potentials, Visual -- drug effects KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Amphetamine -- pharmacology KW - Male KW - Xylenes -- toxicity KW - Toluene -- toxicity KW - Visual Perception -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78344553?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.atitle=Acute+exposures+to+p-xylene+and+toluene+alter+visual+information+processing.&rft.au=Dyer%2C+R+S%3BBercegeay%2C+M+S%3BMayo%2C+L+M&rft.aulast=Dyer&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1988-03-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=147&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.issn=08920362&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1988-08-26 N1 - Date created - 1988-08-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The short-term test activity profile for procarbazine hydrochloride. AN - 78253428; 3288843 JF - Mutagenesis AU - Waters, M D AU - Stack, H F AD - Genetic Toxicology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1988/03// PY - 1988 DA - March 1988 SP - 89 EP - 94 VL - 3 IS - 2 SN - 0267-8357, 0267-8357 KW - Mutagens KW - 0 KW - Procarbazine KW - 35S93Y190K KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Mutagenicity Tests KW - Humans KW - Procarbazine -- pharmacology KW - Mutation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78253428?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutagenesis&rft.atitle=The+short-term+test+activity+profile+for+procarbazine+hydrochloride.&rft.au=Waters%2C+M+D%3BStack%2C+H+F&rft.aulast=Waters&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1988-03-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=89&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutagenesis&rft.issn=02678357&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1988-07-15 N1 - Date created - 1988-07-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The epidemiology of lung cancer in Xuan Wei, China: current progress, issues, and research strategies. AN - 78251337; 3377554 AB - In Xuan Wei, a rural Chinese county of about one million people, females' annual lung cancer mortality is China's highest, and males' is among China's highest. Xuan Wei's very high indoor air pollution levels (sometimes exceeding 20 mg/m3), residentially stable population, relatively uncomplicated lifestyle, and wide geographic variation in lung cancer mortality render it highly amenable to quantitative, interdisciplinary investigation of chemical carcinogens due to indoor air pollution. To date, epidemiologic findings reveal a closer association of lung cancer with the indoor burning of "smoky" coal (as opposed to "smokeless" coal or wood) than with tobacco use or occupation. Current aerometric, chemical, and toxicologic findings tend to confirm this association, though the specific carcinogenic constituents of Xuan Wei indoor air pollution have not yet been determined. Chinese and American investigators are conducting interdisciplinary field and laboratory investigations to quantify the lung cancer risk attendant on indoor air pollution relative to other factors, to measure and compare the characteristics of pollution from different Xuan Wei fuels, to determine the relative etiologic importance of pollution composition and concentration, and to develop quantitative relationships between air pollution dose and lung cancer risk. JF - Archives of environmental health AU - Chapman, R S AU - Mumford, J L AU - Harris, D B AU - He, Z Z AU - Jiang, W Z AU - Yang, R D AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. PY - 1988 SP - 180 EP - 185 VL - 43 IS - 2 SN - 0003-9896, 0003-9896 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens KW - Smoke KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Life Style KW - Smoke -- adverse effects KW - Sex Factors KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Smoking -- adverse effects KW - Middle Aged KW - Male KW - Female KW - China KW - Population Surveillance KW - Lung Neoplasms -- etiology KW - Lung Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Air Pollutants -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78251337?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+environmental+health&rft.atitle=The+epidemiology+of+lung+cancer+in+Xuan+Wei%2C+China%3A+current+progress%2C+issues%2C+and+research+strategies.&rft.au=Chapman%2C+R+S%3BMumford%2C+J+L%3BHarris%2C+D+B%3BHe%2C+Z+Z%3BJiang%2C+W+Z%3BYang%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Chapman&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1988-03-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=180&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+environmental+health&rft.issn=00039896&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1988-07-01 N1 - Date created - 1988-07-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-14 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-19 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Issues in qualitative and quantitative risk analysis for developmental toxicology. AN - 78244231; 3375503 AB - The qualitative and quantitative evaluation of risk in developmental toxicology has been discussed in several recent publications. A number of issues still are to be resolved in this area. The qualitative evaluation and interpretation of end points in developmental toxicology depends on an understanding of the biological events leading to the end points observed, the relationships among end points, and their relationship to dose and to maternal toxicity. The interpretation of these end points is also affected by the statistical power of the experiments used for detecting the various end points observed. The quantitative risk assessment attempts to estimate human risk for developmental toxicity as a function of dose. The current approach is to apply safety (uncertainty) factors to the no observed effect level (NOEL). An alternative presented and discussed here is to model the experimental data and apply a safety factor to an estimated risk level to achieve an "acceptable" level of risk. In cases where the dose-response curves upward, this approach provides a conservative estimate of risk. This procedure does not preclude the existence of a threshold dose. More research is needed to develop appropriate dose-response models that can provide better estimates for low-dose extrapolation of developmental effects. JF - Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis AU - Kimmel, C A AU - Gaylor, D W AD - Reproductive Effects Assessment Group, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460. Y1 - 1988/03// PY - 1988 DA - March 1988 SP - 15 EP - 20 VL - 8 IS - 1 SN - 0272-4332, 0272-4332 KW - Index Medicus KW - Risk KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Models, Biological KW - Toxicology -- methods KW - Embryonic and Fetal Development -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78244231?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Risk+analysis+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Society+for+Risk+Analysis&rft.atitle=Issues+in+qualitative+and+quantitative+risk+analysis+for+developmental+toxicology.&rft.au=Kimmel%2C+C+A%3BGaylor%2C+D+W&rft.aulast=Kimmel&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1988-03-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=15&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Risk+analysis+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Society+for+Risk+Analysis&rft.issn=02724332&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1988-06-29 N1 - Date created - 1988-06-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Goitrogens and thyroid follicular cell neoplasia: evidence for a threshold process. AN - 78215090; 3285378 AB - Thyroid neoplasia can result from many different causes. These include low iodine diets, subtotal thyroidectomy, radioactive iodine, natural goitrogens such as rape seed and cabbage, chemotherapeutic agents such as sulfathiazole, and pesticides such as amitrole. All of these appear to act through either direct or indirect interference with thyroid hormone synthesis. Decreased circulating levels of thyroid hormones in the blood result in increased release of thyroid-stimulating hormone by the anterior pituitary gland. This, in turn, results in hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the thyroid without a corresponding increase in blood thyroid hormone levels. Hyperplasia of the pituitary is also observed due to increased functional demand for continued production of thyroid-stimulating hormone. After prolonged stimulation of the pituitary/thyroid axis, hyperplasia may progress to neoplasia. Cessation of exposure prior to the induction of neoplasia results in a return to the normal state. It is clear that some degree of thyroid inhibition can be accommodated within the bounds of the normal feedback mechanism without the induction of either hyperplasia or neoplasia. A threshold for thyroid follicular neoplasia is therefore indicated. JF - Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP AU - Paynter, O E AU - Burin, G J AU - Jaeger, R B AU - Gregorio, C A AD - Hazard Evaluation Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. 20460. Y1 - 1988/03// PY - 1988 DA - March 1988 SP - 102 EP - 119 VL - 8 IS - 1 SN - 0273-2300, 0273-2300 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Adenocarcinoma -- physiopathology KW - Adenocarcinoma -- etiology KW - Goiter -- complications KW - Goiter -- chemically induced KW - Thyroid Neoplasms -- physiopathology KW - Thyroid Neoplasms -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78215090?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Regulatory+toxicology+and+pharmacology+%3A+RTP&rft.atitle=Goitrogens+and+thyroid+follicular+cell+neoplasia%3A+evidence+for+a+threshold+process.&rft.au=Paynter%2C+O+E%3BBurin%2C+G+J%3BJaeger%2C+R+B%3BGregorio%2C+C+A&rft.aulast=Paynter&rft.aufirst=O&rft.date=1988-03-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=102&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Regulatory+toxicology+and+pharmacology+%3A+RTP&rft.issn=02732300&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1988-06-16 N1 - Date created - 1988-06-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Boston Harbour: Past Problems and Future Solutions AN - 19242765; 8911860 AB - Boston Harbor is one of New England 's greatest resources. It is economically important to the region, supporting transportation, shipping, fishing and shellfish harvesting. It is a valuable recreational resource, providing boating, swimming and island visitations. The resource has been significantly affected because of the continuous discharge of sludge and partially treated sewage over the past several decades. To correct this problem will take the will and energy of institutions at all levels of government--local, state and federal--as well as the overall support of the federal court system. Estimated costs of correction are close to three billion dollars. The majority of these costs will be borne by the ratepayers in the Massachusetts Water Resource Authority system. Questions are being raised as to the necessity of clean up by those bearing the costs. Similar questions are raised to the ' costs ' of not cleaning up the harbor. (See also W89-11852) (Author 's abstract) JF - Canadian Conference on Marine Environmental Quality: Proceedings February 29-March 3, 1988, Halifax, Nova Scotia. The International Institute for Transportation and Ocean Policy Studies, 1236 Henry St., Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. 1988. p 155-171, 6 fig, 7 tab. AU - Kotelly, R AD - Environmental Protection Agency Boston, MA. Region I Y1 - 1988/03// PY - 1988 DA - Mar 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Harbors KW - Waste disposal KW - Wastewater outfall KW - Boston Harbor KW - Water pollution effects KW - Water quality management KW - Management planning KW - Sludge disposal KW - Wastewater disposal KW - Economic aspects KW - Costs KW - Social costs KW - SW 3050:Ultimate disposal of wastes KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - SW 4010:Techniques of planning UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19242765?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Boston+Harbour%3A+Past+Problems+and+Future+Solutions&rft.au=Kotelly%2C+R&rft.aulast=Kotelly&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1988-03-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - United States Nonpoint Source Phosphorus Reduction Effort AN - 19111754; 9103691 AB - A general framework for reducing phosphorus loadings to the Great Lakes was set forth in Annex 3 of the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement of 1978. This document established base and future phosphorus loads for each of the Great Lakes, presenting a general plan for decreasing eutrophication and improving water quality in the Lakes system. The governments of the U.S. and Canada were to confirm these target loads within 18 months of signing the agreement. In 1983, a Supplement to Annex 3 was developed and approved, providing a more detailed plan for reducing phosphorus by confirming the load reduction goals set in the original Annex document and by determining that further reductions would be needed after municipal treatment plants had achieved the required phosphorus load reductions. The Supplement recommended annual load reductions for each of the Great Lakes and for several key embayments over a five-year period ending in 1990. The Supplement placed special emphasis on reducing phosphorus loadings to Lake Erie, Lake Ontario, and Saginaw Bay. In order to achieve these target goals, each state and province was required to develop and implement a detailed phosphorus load reduction plan for each waterbody in question. The purpose of the state plans was to ensure that each state would achieve full compliance with point source discharge limits and that agricultural phosphorus loads were reduced through conservation tillage and improved nutrient management. The allocation of load reductions among states primarily reflects the potential in each state for reducing phosphorus loading to each waterbody in question. The State Phosphorus Reduction Plans were consolidated in the overall U.S. Plan. (See also W91-03672) (Author 's abstract) JF - The Great Lakes: Living with North America 's Inland Waters. Proceedings of a Symposium. American Water Resources Association , Bethesda, Maryland. 1988. p 173-177, 4 tab, 2 ref. AU - Kirschner, BA AU - Davenport, TE AU - Christensen, R AD - Environmental Protection Agency Y1 - 1988/03// PY - 1988 DA - Mar 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Governmental interrelations Great Lakes Lake management KW - Phosphorus Water pollution control Water quality management KW - Water resources management Eutrophication Farm wastes KW - Interagency cooperation Lake Erie Lake Ontario Municipal KW - wastewater Nonpoint pollution sources Nutrient removal Pollution KW - load Regulations Water quality control Water quality standards KW - SW 0850:Lakes KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - SW 4050:Water law and institutions UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19111754?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=United+States+Nonpoint+Source+Phosphorus+Reduction+Effort&rft.au=Kirschner%2C+BA%3BDavenport%2C+TE%3BChristensen%2C+R&rft.aulast=Kirschner&rft.aufirst=BA&rft.date=1988-03-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lake Michigan Toxic Pollution Control/Reduction Strategy AN - 19110090; 9103696 AB - Two goals in both the Clean Water Act and the 1978 Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement are: to restore, protect, and enhance the physical, chemical, and biological integrity of the Great Lakes. Lake Michigan is the largest body of fresh water totally within the borders of the U.S. It is used by millions as a drinking water supply and for recreation, such as boating, swimming, and sport fishing. It is also an important commercial fishery and transportation resource. At present however, lake uses are impaired because of the concentration of toxic pollutants found in its waters, sediments, fish, and birds. In recognition of these facts, Region V of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the states of Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, and Wisconsin have agreed to work together to end the Lake 's toxic substance pollution problem. The Lake Michigan Toxic Pollutant Control/Reduction Strategy has been prepared as an implementation plan to eliminate toxic pollutant problems from the Lake Michigan system. The Strategy proposes a two-phase process to guide restoration efforts beginning in 1986. Phase 1 is intended to define, quantify, and control the major sources of pollutants of concern (POCs) to Lake Michigan (1986-1991), and Phase 2 is designed to use models to determine if further controls are necessary. Region V Water Division established an intra-agency, multimedia workgroup to facilitate and track implementation of the Strategy within the EPA. Implementation of this Strategy will be closely coordinated with the Great Lakes Governors ' Toxic Control Agreement and The Water Quality Act of 1987. (See also W91- 03672) (Fish-PTT) JF - The Great Lakes: Living with North America 's Inland Waters. Proceedings of a Symposium. American Water Resources Association , Bethesda, Maryland. 1988. p 221-226, 1 tab. AU - Davenport, TE AU - Fenner, KA AD - Environmental Protection Agency Y1 - 1988/03// PY - 1988 DA - Mar 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Clean Water Act Great Lakes Lake Michigan Lake management Water KW - Quality Act Water pollution control Water quality management KW - Water resources management Environmental policy Governmental KW - interrelations Illinois Indiana Interagency cooperation Lake KW - restoration Michigan Model studies Wisconsin KW - SW 0850:Lakes KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19110090?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Lake+Michigan+Toxic+Pollution+Control%2FReduction+Strategy&rft.au=Davenport%2C+TE%3BFenner%2C+KA&rft.aulast=Davenport&rft.aufirst=TE&rft.date=1988-03-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Stormwater Nonpoint Source Pollution Control AN - 19110039; 9103725 AB - Urban stormwater has been found to include significant quantities of pollutants, and in many areas adversely affects water quality and impairs achievement of designated water resource uses. The Rouge Basin in southeast Michigan is a significant example of a situation where stormwater is contributing to use impairment. To address urban stormwater problems, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and state pollution control agencies will be issuing discharge permits to the owner/operators of stormwater collection and conveyance systems and the related outfalls. These permits will require data collection and reporting, and the development and implementation of programs for reducing pollutant loadings to receiving waters. Programs in some cases will call for capital improvements, but in many instances the cost-effective approaches for solving the problems will be Best Management Practices (BMPs). These BMPs will reduce the introduction of pollutants to the storm sewer systems, by managing nonpoint sources (NPS) of pollution. Requiring nonpoint source control components as part of stormwater permits will ensure: (1) that the permits will address all pollutants originating from nonpoint sources; (2) that the BMPs required under the permits will economically control the pollutants identified; and (3) that the NPS control activities identified as being necessary will be fully implemented. This approach is being recommended for use as part of the Remedial Action Plan developed for cleaning up the Rouge River. (See also W91-03704) (Author 's abstract) JF - Nonpoint Pollution: 1988-Policy, Economy, Management, and Appropriate Technology. Proceedings of a Symposium. American Water Resources Association, Bethesda, Maryland. 1988. p 183-193 , 8 ref. AU - Davenport, TE AU - Newport, R G AD - Environmental Protection Agency Y1 - 1988/03// PY - 1988 DA - Mar 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Nonpoint pollution sources Permits Storm water management Urban KW - runoff Water pollution control Water resources management Cost KW - analysis Economic aspects Interagency cooperation Management KW - planning Michigan Pollution load Storm sewers Storm wastewater KW - Water policy Water pollution sources Water quality control KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - SW 4050:Water law and institutions UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19110039?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Stormwater+Nonpoint+Source+Pollution+Control&rft.au=Davenport%2C+TE%3BNewport%2C+R+G&rft.aulast=Davenport&rft.aufirst=TE&rft.date=1988-03-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Management Approaches Within the 1987 US/Canada Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement AN - 19109289; 9103688 AB - Two major events occurred during 1987 that will change management approaches to environmental quality in the Great Lakes. Section 118 of the Clean Water Act now specifically recognizes the U.S./Canada Agreement and sets its purpose, ' to achieve goals embodied in the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement. ' The second event was the signing of amendments to the Agreement by the U.S. and Canada following a year-long review. The new management themes provided by the amendment consist of five elements: (1) accountability for taking action has been strengthened by calling for reports by specific dates and clarified in terms of the responsibilities of the federal governments, states, and the International Joint Commission; (2) a process is specified for sorting out the hundreds of chemicals of concern in the Lakes for the purpose of setting ambient objectives (criteria); (3) the two countries are to consult at least every two years to establish or modify ambient objectives, including ecosystem objectives; (4) the remedial action plans are called for to address designated geographic ' areas of concern ' - -hard core polluted areas where beneficial uses have not yet been fully restored; and (5) Lake Management Plans are called for to address ' critical pollutants, ' to be designated by the federal governments. These new provisions will allow all concerned to understand the problems and keep score on progress being made. (See also W91-03672) (Author 's abstract) JF - The Great Lakes: Living with North America 's Inland Waters. Proceedings of a Symposium. American Water Resources Association , Bethesda, Maryland. 1988. p 149-153. AU - Fuller, K AD - Environmental Protection Agency Y1 - 1988/03// PY - 1988 DA - Mar 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Environmental protection Governmental interrelations Great Lakes KW - Lake management Water quality management Water resources KW - management Canada Clean Water Act Ecosystems Interagency KW - cooperation International commissions United States Water KW - pollution management Water quality standards KW - SW 0850:Lakes KW - SW 4020:Evaluation process UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19109289?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Management+Approaches+Within+the+1987+US%2FCanada+Great+Lakes+Water+Quality+Agreement&rft.au=Fuller%2C+K&rft.aulast=Fuller&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1988-03-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nonpoint Source Regulation--A Watershed Approach AN - 19109074; 9103717 AB - For some waterbodies, nonpoint source pollution (NPS) prevents attainment of water quality standards and impairs designated uses. The traditional voluntary approach to NPS management has not been uniformly successful in controlling NPSs and some NPS problems still needed to be controlled to attain the goals of the Clean Water Act (CWA). The recently-passed Water Quality Act of 1987 creates a National Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Program, that mandates control of NPS pollution on a watershed basis to the maximum extent possible. Presently, technology exists to control point sources on a watershed basis. The present approach is to require compliance with water quality standards and application of a waste load allocation. The waste load allocation process apportions the assimilative capacity of the waterbody between dischargers and guarantees a margin of safety to protect the waterbody. Unlike point source controls, the Agency does not have direct regulatory or enforcement authority to ensure implementation or maintenance of nonpoint source controls. By combining the point source control approach with a watershed management planning and implementation program that can be tied to other regulatory mechanisms such as the conservation plans under the 1985 Farm Bill and Water Quality Management Plans required under Section 303 of CWA or National Pollution Discharge Elimination Permit System and 404 permit NPS controls may be imposed in some instances akin to other CWA regulatory requirements. (See also W91-03704) (Author 's abstract) JF - Nonpoint Pollution: 1988-Policy, Economy, Management, and Appropriate Technology. Proceedings of a Symposium. American Water Resources Association, Bethesda, Maryland. 1988. p 117-121 , 3 ref. AU - Davenport, TE AD - Environmental Protection Agency Y1 - 1988/03// PY - 1988 DA - Mar 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Nonpoint pollution sources Regulations Water policy Water KW - pollution control Water quality management Water resources KW - management Watershed management Clean Water Act Compliance Law KW - enforcement Management planning Waste load allocation Wastewater KW - disposal Water Quality Act Water quality standards KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection KW - SW 4050:Water law and institutions UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19109074?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Nonpoint+Source+Regulation--A+Watershed+Approach&rft.au=Davenport%2C+TE&rft.aulast=Davenport&rft.aufirst=TE&rft.date=1988-03-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Legislation and Future Developments in the Marine Disposal of Sewage and Sludge in the USA AN - 19089581; 9002319 AB - The history, status, and prognosis for marine disposal of sewage and sludge in the United States is described from a regulatory and environmental protection perspective, by focusing geographically on the near coastal waters (NCW) of the United States. The NCW include the Great Lakes (Lakes Superior, Huron, Michigan, Erie, and Ontario), estuaries, and shallow coastal waters out to the 12 mile, contiguous zone limit. It is EPA 's policy: (1) to protect the oceans from significant adverse effects of waste disposal; (2) to allow ocean disposal of publicly operated treatment works (POTW) sludges only when there are no practicable, land-based alternatives that have less impact on the total environment; and (3) over the long run, to encourage environmentally beneficial approaches to POTW sludge management, also, minimization and recycling of other wastes. EPA has documented evidence of five kinds of major problems: (1) widespread toxic contamination of fish and shellfish; (2) eutrophic conditions and hypoxia over thousands of hectares of coastal waters; (3) widespread pathogenic contamination of fish and shellfish as well as thousands of reported cases of gastrointestinal infections of persons consuming pathogen-contaminated fish and shellfish; (4) loss of, or adverse changes to, thousands of hectares of essential marine habitat each year and at increasing rates of loss; and (5) loss of living marine resources, such as substantial declines in recreational and commercial fisheries, as well as threatened and endangered birds and mammals. EPA fully recognizes that adequate protection of human health and the marine environment will require continued strict enforcement of existing regulatory authorities over ocean disposal of sewage and sludge, as well as ocean disposal of all other waste materials. (See also W90-02317) (Lantz-PTT) JF - Marine Treatment of Sewage and Sludge. Proceedings of the Conference Organized by the Institution of Civil Engineers and held in Brighton on 29-30 April 1989. Thomas Telford London. 1988. p 15-27. AU - Davies, T T AD - Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC. Office of Marine and Estuarine Protection Y1 - 1988/03// PY - 1988 DA - Mar 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Wastewater disposal KW - Ocean dumping KW - Sludge disposal KW - Legislation KW - Water pollution effects KW - Coastal waters KW - Great Lakes KW - Estuaries KW - Regulations KW - Eutrophication KW - Environmental effects KW - Fish KW - Shellfish KW - SW 3050:Ultimate disposal of wastes KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19089581?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Legislation+and+Future+Developments+in+the+Marine+Disposal+of+Sewage+and+Sludge+in+the+USA&rft.au=Davies%2C+T+T&rft.aulast=Davies&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1988-03-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Integrated Resource Management: Region V 's Nonpoint Source Control and Clean Lakes Program AN - 19081121; 9103721 AB - The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 's Region V has thousands of lakes, most of which are located in Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan. These lakes provide drinking water and/or recreational opportunities for millions of people each year. Generally, lakes located in the southern portion of these states have been affected by long-term degradation processes such as runoff from agricultural and urban areas. Historically, the Clean Lakes Program has focused on in-lake measures. While these solutions provide enhanced recreation potential in the short term, they are extremely costly and often do not address the basic causes of eutrophication. The Clean Lakes Program received low levels of funding over the past several years and therefore very few lakes have been rehabilitated. The Region has been involved in 71 individual lake restoration projects as part of the Clean Lakes Program in the last ten years. Some examples which highlight the Regional approach are: Lake Le- Aqua-Na in northwestern Illinois, Clearwater Chain-of-Lakes in Minnesota, and Big Stone Lake on the Minnesota and South Dakota border. In order to increase program participation and accomplishments, Region V will encourage the states to redirect their programs to implement comprehensive solutions. There are many lakes within the Region where management solutions can improve quality. (See also W91-03704) (Author 's abstract) JF - Nonpoint Pollution: 1988-Policy, Economy, Management, and Appropriate Technology. Proceedings of a Symposium. American Water Resources Association, Bethesda, Maryland. 1988. p 149-154 , 4 ref. AU - Loggins, CE AU - Kirshner, BA AU - Roberts, DE AU - Davenport, TE AD - Environmental Protection Agency Y1 - 1988/03// PY - 1988 DA - Mar 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Administrative agencies Environmental policy Lake restoration KW - Nonpoint pollution sources Water pollution control Water KW - resources management Drinking water Eutrophic lakes Farm wastes KW - Governmental interrelations Illinois Lake management Minnesota KW - Recreation South Dakota Water quality control Water quality KW - management KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - SW 4050:Water law and institutions UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19081121?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Integrated+Resource+Management%3A+Region+V+%27s+Nonpoint+Source+Control+and+Clean+Lakes+Program&rft.au=Loggins%2C+CE%3BKirshner%2C+BA%3BRoberts%2C+DE%3BDavenport%2C+TE&rft.aulast=Loggins&rft.aufirst=CE&rft.date=1988-03-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of Inherited Contamination on Egg and Larval Winter Flounder, Pseudopleuronectes Americanus AN - 19071396; 8904429 AB - The exposure of adult winter flounder, Pseudopleuronectes americanus, to contaminated estuarine environments and a possible impact of this exposure on their progeny was investigated. Polluted study areas included Gaspee Point in upper Narragansett Bay, RI, New Bedford Harbor in Buzzards Bay, MA, noted for its PCB (polychlorinated biphenyl) contamination, and Apponagansett Bay, MA, a less contaminated site near New Bedford. Fox Island, a relatively clean area in lower Narragansett Bay, served as a reference area. Although adult winter flounder disperse offshore during the summer, a tag and recapture study verified their yearly residence and exposure to contaminants at Gaspee Point during the spawning season. A similar migratory pattern was assumed for Buzzards Bay fish. Growth, survival and contaminant residues were measured in the progeny of fish collected from the study areas. Eggs from New Bedford Harbor flounder contained significantly higher levels of PCB (39.6 micrograms/g dry weight), and larvae which hatched from these eggs, under clean laboratory conditions, were significantly smaller in length (2.96 mm) and weight (0.018 mg) than those for Fox Island (1.08 micrograms PCB/g dry weight, 3.22 mm, 0.022 mg). Linear aggression analysis indicated a significant inverse relationship between PCB content of the eggs and length or weight at hatch. Small size at hatch may have severe consequences since the best survival strategy is rapid growth. Small larvae are inefficient predators and, at the same time, are more vulnerable to predation. (Brock-PTT) JF - Marine Environmental Research MERSDW Vol. 25, No. 1, p 45-62, 1988. 5 fig, 3 tab, 34 ref. AU - Black, DE AU - Phelps, D K AU - Lapan, R L AD - Environmental Protection Agency Narragansett, RI. Environmental Research Lab Y1 - 1988/03// PY - 1988 DA - Mar 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Estuaries KW - Water pollution effects KW - Polychlorinated biphenyls KW - Toxicity KW - Flounders KW - Growth stages KW - Fish eggs KW - Larvae KW - Rhode Island KW - Massachusetts KW - Hatching KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19071396?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effect+of+Inherited+Contamination+on+Egg+and+Larval+Winter+Flounder%2C+Pseudopleuronectes+Americanus&rft.au=Black%2C+DE%3BPhelps%2C+D+K%3BLapan%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Black&rft.aufirst=DE&rft.date=1988-03-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative Histopathological Effects of Chemically Contaminated Sediment on Marine Organisms AN - 19066250; 8904562 AB - Comparative pathological effects in three species of fish and six species of invertebrates were investigated using a chemically contaminated sediment from Black Rock Harbor, Connecticut. Substances contained in Black Rock Harbor sediment are known to be genotoxic, carcinogenic, co-carcinogenic and tumor-promoting. Proliferate lesions were observed in winter flounder (Pseudopleuronecteds americanus) external, oral, and esophageal epithelial surfaces, renal vascular and nephroblastic elements, and the pancreatic islets. Islet lesions included cystic adenomas and a diffuse islet proliferative condition, nesidioblastosis. In addition, pathology was enhanced when winter flounder were fed mussels (Mytilus edulis) previously exposed to Black Rock Harbor sediment. Neoplastic lesions developed in kidney tubule epithelia, gills, some regions of the gastrointestinal tract, neural elements and heart of oysters (Crassostrea virginica) exposed to Black Rock Harbor sediment for 30 days in the laboratory. In addition, renal carcinomas in three oysters had metastasized to the visceral ganglion. Lesions were also found in oysters exposed in situ in Black Rock Harbor and Long Island Sound for 30 or 36 days. Digestive diverticula, gills and kidneys appeared to be the prime organs affected in mussels, soft-shelled clams (Mya arenaria) and oysters exposed to Black Rock Harbor sediment. Mucous cell activity increased greatly in corals (Astrangia densa) while no microscopic lesions were detectable in lobster (Homarus americanus) exposed in the laboratory. Myxomas were also found in the hearts of <5% of the mussels exposed in the laboratory. (Author 's abstract) JF - Marine Environmental Research MERSDW Vol. 24, No. 1-4, 1988, p 311-316. 2 tab, 8 ref. AU - Gardner, G R AU - Yevich, P P AD - Environmental Protection Agency Narragansett, RI. Environmental Research Lab Y1 - 1988/03// PY - 1988 DA - Mar 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Water pollution effects KW - Toxicity KW - Carcinogens KW - Contamination KW - Sediment KW - Fish KW - Invertebrates KW - Fate of pollutants KW - Comparison studies KW - Connecticut KW - Path of pollutants KW - Long Island sound KW - Oysters KW - Lobsters KW - Mussels KW - Flounder KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19066250?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Comparative+Histopathological+Effects+of+Chemically+Contaminated+Sediment+on+Marine+Organisms&rft.au=Gardner%2C+G+R%3BYevich%2C+P+P&rft.aulast=Gardner&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1988-03-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tampa Harbor Project: A Major Monitoring Success AN - 19060064; 8907843 AB - The Tampa Harbor Project was a major dredging project for Tampa, Florida, that widened and deepened the existing shipping canal. The Project began in 1975, and was completed in 1985. Approximately 53.5 million cu m of dredged material were removed from the existing channel; the majority of the material was placed adjacent to the channel. However, approximately 6.4 million cu m were ocean-disposed. The Environmental Protection Agency and the Corps of Engineers were involved in all aspects of the Project, and a number of local and State organizations were considerably involved in portions of the planning process. All aspects of the Tampa Harbor Project are reviewed, from the initial disposal operations at Site A, the litigation initiated by Manatee County, the subsequent trial and judicial outcome, the numerous surveys for an alternate disposal site, the formulation of the monitoring and management plans, the selection of a new disposal area at Site 4, and the resumption of disposal operations. Also discussed are the scientific data, results and conclusions of the monitoring operations. It was apparent that at Sites A and 4, the disposed dredge material has provided ample surfaces for colonization by numerous sessile organisms, in the same manner as artificial reefs. The dredge material also provided superb habitats and protective cover in the interstices of the rocks and clay boulders for teleosts and motile invertebrate species. There is convincing evidence that over the next several years, complete recovery of both Sites A and 4 as a coral, sponge, and fish habitat is highly probable. (Friedmann-PTT) JF - Marine Pollution Bulletin MPNBAZ Vol. 19, No. 11B, p 637-646, November 1988. 4 fig, 11 tab. AU - Amson, JE AD - Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC. Office of Marine and Estuarine Protection Y1 - 1988/03// PY - 1988 DA - Mar 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Environmental effects KW - Dredging KW - Navigation KW - Channel improvement KW - Project planning KW - Environmental management KW - Monitoring KW - Administrative agencies KW - Administrative regulations KW - Environmental quality KW - Waste disposal KW - Florida KW - Judicial decisions KW - Ocean dumping KW - Regeneration KW - SW 2060:Effects on water of human nonwater activities KW - SW 4010:Techniques of planning KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19060064?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Tampa+Harbor+Project%3A+A+Major+Monitoring+Success&rft.au=Amson%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Amson&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=1988-03-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Simulation Procedure for Groundwater Quality Assessments of Pesticides AN - 19026099; 8807623 AB - A procedure is described for making regional assessments of pesticide residue loadings and movement in groundwater and downgradient from treated fields. A Monte-Carlo numerical simulation technique is used to generate model parameters for both the unsaturated and saturated zones. Simulations are performed using the Pesticide Root Zone Model linked to a simple groundwater solute transport model. The procedure is useful for evaluating the potential for producing pesticide residues in drinking water wells before actual field applications are made. Appropriate land management options, including restrictions on pesticide application, also can be developed using this procedure. The procedure was used to assess aldicarb levels in northeastern North Carolina groundwater resulting from application of the pesticide to peanuts. Probability density functions for selected soil characteristics were developed using a direct-access soils information data base. Probability density functions for selected groundwater characteristics were developed from available data for the study area. Simulation results indicated that mass fluxes to groundwater exceeded 0.01 and 0.1 kg/ha approximately 6.9 and 1.0 percent of the time, respectively. No fluxes exceeded 0.1 kg/ha at a distance of 60 m downgradient in any of the cases evaluated. (See also W88-07622) (Author 's abstract) JF - Journal of Contaminant Hydrology Vol. 2, No. 2, p 125-138, March 1988. 1 fig, 9 tab, 24 ref. AU - Carsel, R F AU - Jones, R L AU - Hansen, J L AU - Lamb, R L AU - Anderson, M P AD - Environmental Research Lab. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, GA 30613, U.S.A Y1 - 1988/03// PY - 1988 DA - Mar 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Path of pollutants KW - Regional analysis KW - Solute transport KW - Model studies KW - Simulation KW - Leachates KW - Groundwater pollution KW - Aldicarb KW - Pesticides KW - Peanuts KW - Stochastic process KW - Hydrology KW - Mathematical studies KW - Soil water KW - North Carolina KW - Monte Carlo method KW - Pesticide Root Zone Model KW - Prediction KW - Saturation zone KW - Aeration zone KW - SW 0845:Water in soils KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - SW 0840:Groundwater UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19026099?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Simulation+Procedure+for+Groundwater+Quality+Assessments+of+Pesticides&rft.au=Carsel%2C+R+F%3BJones%2C+R+L%3BHansen%2C+J+L%3BLamb%2C+R+L%3BAnderson%2C+M+P&rft.aulast=Carsel&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1988-03-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fate of Dyes in Aquatic Systems: I. Solubility and Partitioning of Some Hydrophobic Dyes and Related Compounds AN - 19021951; 8806958 AB - Solubilities and vapor pressures from the literature were combined with calculated octanol/water partition coefficients, K sub ow, to assess the expected environmental behavior of about 50 dyes. Most of the older disperse dyes (those that have been in use for decades) have solubilities on the order of 10 to the minus 7th power to 10 to the minus 6th power M. This solubility suggests the potential for a 30- to 150-fold concentration enhancement in sediments and bioconcentration of about 1,000 times in the absence of metabolism. The data also indicate that solubilities computed from K sub ow for disperse dyes is 10 to 100 times smaller than reported for most other compounds. Henry 's law constants calculated from solubility and vapor pressure show that the disperse and vat dyes will be entirely gas-phase-controlled in their rate of volatilization from water and that this process will be extremely slow. No definitive conclusions can be drawn about the behavior of more recently developed disperse dyes. The available physical constants are compiled along with structures, Color Index number, CAS number and names for 80 compounds. (Author 's abstract) JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry ETOCDK Vol. 7, No. 3, p 183-199, March 1988. 6 tab, 45 ref. EPA Grant No. CR812638. AU - Baughman, G L AU - Perenich, T A AD - Environmental Protection Agency Athens, GA. Southeast Environmental Research Lab Y1 - 1988/03// PY - 1988 DA - Mar 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Dyes KW - Dye dispersion KW - Solubility KW - Water pollution effects KW - Chemical properties KW - Bottom sediments KW - Henry 's law KW - Biological magnification KW - Computers KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19021951?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Fate+of+Dyes+in+Aquatic+Systems%3A+I.+Solubility+and+Partitioning+of+Some+Hydrophobic+Dyes+and+Related+Compounds&rft.au=Baughman%2C+G+L%3BPerenich%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=Baughman&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1988-03-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterizing the Uncertainty of Pesticide Leaching in Agricultural Soils AN - 19016067; 8807622 AB - A Monte-Carlo numerical simulation procedure for making regional assessments of pesticide leaching has been developed. This procedure uses probability density functions for organic matter, field capacity, and wilting point developed from information on approximately 3000 soils. Variations in climatic conditions were incorporated by random selection of yearly rainfall data. The procedure was demonstrated for aldicarb applied to corn grown in Ohio. A total of 2000 parameter sets were evaluated using the unsaturated zone model PRZM. The simulation results indicated that convergence of the 90th, 95th, and 99th percentiles for movement past 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, and 1.5 m was obtained after 500 simulations. The relative uncertainty associated with these percentiles was approximately 50% after 1500 simulations. The downward movement of aldicarb residues was most sensitive to changes in field capacity. These simulations, coupled with additional soil-specific simulations, indicated no significant movement of aldicarb residues beyond 1.8 m for applications to Ohio corn. (See also W88-07623) (Author 's abstract) JF - Journal of Contaminant Hydrology Vol. 2, No. 2, p 111-124, March 1988. 5 fig, 7 tab, 31 ref. AU - Carsel, R F AU - Parrish, R S AU - Jones, R L AU - Hansen, J L AU - Lamb, R L AD - Environmental Research Lab. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, GA 30613, U.S.A Y1 - 1988/03// PY - 1988 DA - Mar 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Leachates KW - Path of pollutants KW - Regional analysis KW - Model studies KW - Simulation KW - Aldicarb KW - Pesticides KW - Corn KW - Field capacity KW - Hydrology KW - Mathematical studies KW - Soil water KW - Monte Carlo method KW - Climates KW - Pesticide Root Zone Model KW - Stochastic process KW - Rainfall KW - Ohio KW - SW 0845:Water in soils KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19016067?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Characterizing+the+Uncertainty+of+Pesticide+Leaching+in+Agricultural+Soils&rft.au=Carsel%2C+R+F%3BParrish%2C+R+S%3BJones%2C+R+L%3BHansen%2C+J+L%3BLamb%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Carsel&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1988-03-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxicity of chlorpyrifos, endrin, or fenvalerate to fathead minnows following episodic or continuous exposure. AN - 78194951; 2452068 AB - Fathead minnow larvae (Pimephales promelas) were exposed to three individual pesticides during brief or continuous exposure in 96-hr and 28- to 30-day toxicity tests. Continuous exposure 96-hr LC50 values for chlorpyrifos, endrin, and fenvalerate were 122.2, 0.7, and 0.85 micrograms/liter, respectively. Continuous exposure chronic effect concentrations were chlorpyrifos, 2.1 micrograms/liter (increased deformities); endrin, 0.38 micrograms/liter (reduction in growth); and fenvalerate, 0.36 micrograms/liter (reduction in survival and growth). Brief exposure chronic test results indicated that fathead minnow exposure to chlorpyrifos for as few as 5 hr at a concentration similar to a continuous exposure 96-hr LC50 value resulted in increased deformities and a reduction in growth, whereas a 48-hr exposure at a concentration similar to a continuous exposure 96-hr LC50 value was required to cause a reduction in growth for endrin and a reduction in survival and growth for fenvalerate. It is suggested that although constant exposure laboratory tests are essential for hazard assessment, the relationships of exposure duration and toxicant intensity to ecotoxic effects are necessary for reliable risk assessments and implementation of water quality standards. JF - Ecotoxicology and environmental safety AU - Jarvinen, A W AU - Tanner, D K AU - Kline, E R AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Research Laboratory-Duluth, Minnesota 55804. Y1 - 1988/02// PY - 1988 DA - February 1988 SP - 78 EP - 95 VL - 15 IS - 1 SN - 0147-6513, 0147-6513 KW - Nitriles KW - 0 KW - Pyrethrins KW - Water Pollutants KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - Chlorpyrifos KW - JCS58I644W KW - Endrin KW - OB9NVE7YCL KW - fenvalerate KW - Z6MXZ39302 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Lethal Dose 50 KW - Water Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Endrin -- toxicity KW - Chlorpyrifos -- toxicity KW - Pyrethrins -- toxicity KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- toxicity KW - Cyprinidae -- physiology KW - Cyprinidae -- growth & development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78194951?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecotoxicology+and+environmental+safety&rft.atitle=Toxicity+of+chlorpyrifos%2C+endrin%2C+or+fenvalerate+to+fathead+minnows+following+episodic+or+continuous+exposure.&rft.au=Jarvinen%2C+A+W%3BTanner%2C+D+K%3BKline%2C+E+R&rft.aulast=Jarvinen&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1988-02-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=78&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecotoxicology+and+environmental+safety&rft.issn=01476513&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1988-05-31 N1 - Date created - 1988-05-31 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Validation of CHEMEST, an on-line system for the estimation of chemical properties. AN - 78192022; 3359953 AB - CHEMEST is an on-line system for estimating physical/chemical properties important in the assessment of environmental fate of chemicals. Measured values of boiling point, melting point, vapor pressure, water solubility, and soil organic carbon partition coefficient (Koc) were compared to values estimated by CHEMEST, for more than 170 chemicals. The chemicals were composed of seven classes: alcohols, aldehydes and ketones, amines, carbamates, esters, ethers, and phenols. Mean errors for boiling and melting point were 22.6 and 36.2 degrees C, respectively, with relatively little variability among classes. Carbamates were an exception, accuracy being much lower for both properties. Vapor pressures were quite accurately estimated, measured and estimated values generally differing by less than a factor of two. Mean error factors for water solubility and Koc were somewhat higher, but nevertheless better than the order of magnitude accuracy commonly assumed. Solubility was very inaccurately estimated for the phenols, however. The results indicate that, for the chemicals and properties studied, estimated values were sufficiently accurate for screening-level fate assessment. TSTCHEM, a revised version of CHEMEST, out-performed the latter with respect to the accuracy of solubility and vapor pressure estimates. JF - Ecotoxicology and environmental safety AU - Boethling, R S AU - Campbell, S E AU - Lynch, D G AU - LaVeck, G D AD - Office of Toxic Substances, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460. Y1 - 1988/02// PY - 1988 DA - February 1988 SP - 21 EP - 30 VL - 15 IS - 1 SN - 0147-6513, 0147-6513 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Evaluation Studies as Topic KW - Chemical Phenomena KW - Chemistry, Physical KW - Online Systems UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78192022?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecotoxicology+and+environmental+safety&rft.atitle=Validation+of+CHEMEST%2C+an+on-line+system+for+the+estimation+of+chemical+properties.&rft.au=Boethling%2C+R+S%3BCampbell%2C+S+E%3BLynch%2C+D+G%3BLaVeck%2C+G+D&rft.aulast=Boethling&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1988-02-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=21&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecotoxicology+and+environmental+safety&rft.issn=01476513&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1988-05-31 N1 - Date created - 1988-05-31 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inactivation of particle-associated coliforms by chlorine and monochloramine. AN - 78160272; 3355136 AB - Sieves and nylon screens were used to separate primary sewage effluent solids into particle fractions of less than 7- or greater than 7-micron size. The efficiency of separation was determined by using a particle counter. Indigenous coliforms associated with the particle fractions were tested for their resistance to chlorine and monochloramine. Coliforms associated with the less than 7-microns fraction were inactivated more rapidly by 0.5 mg of chlorine per liter at 5 degrees C and pH 7 than coliforms associated with the greater than 7-microns fraction. Homogenization of the greater than 7-microns fraction not only resulted in an increase in the number of less than 7-microns particles, but also increased the rate of inactivation to a rate similar to that of the less than 7-microns fraction. With 1 mg of monochloramine per liter at 5 degrees C and pH 7, particle size had no appreciable effect on the rate of inactivation. At pH 8, however, the less than 7-micron fraction was inactivated more rapidly than the greater than 7-micron fraction. The time required for 99% inactivation of the particle fractions with monochloramine at pH 7 or 8 was 20- to 50-fold greater than the time required for the same amount of inactivation with chlorine at pH 7. The results indicate that coliforms associated with sewage effluent particles are inactivated more rapidly with 0.5 mg of chlorine per liter than with 1.0 mg of monochloramine per liter. However, greater than 7-micron particles can have a protective effect against the disinfecting action of chlorine. JF - Applied and environmental microbiology AU - Berman, D AU - Rice, E W AU - Hoff, J C AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268. Y1 - 1988/02// PY - 1988 DA - February 1988 SP - 507 EP - 512 VL - 54 IS - 2 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Chloramines KW - 0 KW - Sewage KW - Chlorine KW - 4R7X1O2820 KW - chloramine KW - KW8K411A1P KW - Index Medicus KW - Disinfection KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - Enterobacteriaceae -- drug effects KW - Chlorine -- pharmacology KW - Water Microbiology KW - Chloramines -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78160272?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=Inactivation+of+particle-associated+coliforms+by+chlorine+and+monochloramine.&rft.au=Berman%2C+D%3BRice%2C+E+W%3BHoff%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Berman&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1988-02-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=507&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1988-05-10 N1 - Date created - 1988-05-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Clin Microbiol. 1981 May;13(5):982-8 [6263948] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1981 Jul;42(1):159-67 [7259162] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1982 Oct;44(4):972-87 [7149722] Zentralbl Bakteriol Mikrobiol Hyg B. 1987 Apr;183(5-6):511-29 [3109154] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1984 Sep;48(3):508-14 [6437328] Environ Health Perspect. 1986 Nov;69:7-13 [3816738] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1984 Aug;48(2):317-23 [6091546] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessment of recovery efficiency of beef extract reagents for concentrating viruses from municipal wastewater sludge solids by the organic flocculation procedure. AN - 78160179; 2833159 AB - This study was designed to assess the capacity of beef extract reagents to form flocs suitable for virus adsorption. Reagent comparisons resulted in the establishment of a modified organic flocculation procedure to concentrate viruses desorbed from sewage sludge solids with currently available modified powdered beef extracts. The method, based on supplementation with paste beef extract floc, achieved virus recoveries comparable to those obtained with powdered beef extract produced before a 1979 change in the manufacturing process. When primary settled sludge solids originating from mostly domestic waste were eluted with an unsupplemented modified powdered beef extract, high virus recovery efficiency was observed upon concentration by organic flocculation. This appreciable increase might have been due to floc-forming substances that were present in the primary settled sludge. These substances did not appear to be present in settled sludge collected from biologically treated wastes. Apparently, the floc-forming substances had been either removed or substantially altered during biological treatment. JF - Applied and environmental microbiology AU - Safferman, R S AU - Rohr, M E AU - Goyke, T AD - Biological Methods Branch, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268. Y1 - 1988/02// PY - 1988 DA - February 1988 SP - 309 EP - 316 VL - 54 IS - 2 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Sewage KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - Enterovirus B, Human -- isolation & purification KW - Adsorption KW - Flocculation KW - Virology -- methods KW - Poliovirus -- isolation & purification KW - Cell Line KW - Viruses -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78160179?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+recovery+efficiency+of+beef+extract+reagents+for+concentrating+viruses+from+municipal+wastewater+sludge+solids+by+the+organic+flocculation+procedure.&rft.au=Safferman%2C+R+S%3BRohr%2C+M+E%3BGoyke%2C+T&rft.aulast=Safferman&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1988-02-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=309&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1988-05-10 N1 - Date created - 1988-05-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Arch Gesamte Virusforsch. 1970;32(4):389-92 [4993582] Virology. 1971 Jun;44(3):554-68 [4332969] Health Lab Sci. 1974 Oct;11(4):275-82 [4369820] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1976 Oct;32(4):638-9 [10841] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1978 May;35(5):983-5 [207221] J Virol Methods. 1981 Dec;3(5):283-91 [7037808] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1986 Jun;51(6):1326-31 [3015024] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1984 Mar;47(3):591-2 [6324679] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1984 Sep;48(3):531-8 [6093689] Can J Microbiol. 1984 Oct;30(10):1253-63 [6095985] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1986 Jan;51(1):211-3 [3006587] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1986 Apr;51(4):790-812 [3010860] Can J Microbiol. 1982 May;28(5):553-6 [7104874] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Metabolism of benz[j]aceanthrylene (cholanthrylene) and benz[l]aceanthrylene by induced rat liver S9. AN - 78114203; 3345505 AB - The metabolites of benz[j]aceanthrylene (B[j]A) produced by incubation with liver S9 proteins from rats induced with Aroclor-1254 and phenobarbital have been identified as: trans-B[j]A-1,2-dihydrodiol, B[j]A-9,10-dihydrodiol, B[j]A-11,12-dihydrodiol, and 10-hydroxy-B[j]A. The major metabolite formed (58-60%) by both induced S9 preparations was trans-B[j]A-1,2-dihydrodiol, the cyclopenta-ring dihydrodiol while oxidation at the k-region or the proximal-bay region was minor. There were no statistical differences in individual or total B[j]A metabolite rates between the 2 induced S9 preparations. B[l]A was metabolized by Aroclor-1254 and phenobarbital induced rat liver S9 preparations to trans-B[l]A-1,2-dihydrodiol, B[l]A-7,8-dihydrodiol, and B[l]A-4,5-dihydrodiol. The major B[l]A metabolite formed (28-40%) by both induced S9 preparations was B[l]A-7,8-dihydrodiol, the k-region dihydrodiol. Cyclopenta-ring oxidation to trans-B[l]A-1,2-dihydrodiol was approximately 50% of that observed for k-region oxidation. Both induced S9s produced similar rates of B[l]A metabolites except for B[l]A-7,8-dihydrodiol formation which was higher for Aroclor-1254-induced S9. JF - Cancer letters AU - Nesnow, S AU - Easterling, R E AU - Ellis, S AU - Watts, R AU - Ross, J AD - Carcinogenesis and Metabolism Branch, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1988/02// PY - 1988 DA - February 1988 SP - 19 EP - 27 VL - 39 IS - 1 SN - 0304-3835, 0304-3835 KW - Aroclors KW - 0 KW - Benz(a)Anthracenes KW - Chlorodiphenyl (54% Chlorine) KW - 11097-69-1 KW - Methylcholanthrene KW - 56-49-5 KW - benz(l)aceanthrylene KW - 5GXM6N8UIH KW - benz(j)aceanthrylene KW - 844QXH8PK1 KW - Phenobarbital KW - YQE403BP4D KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Phenobarbital -- pharmacology KW - Aroclors -- pharmacology KW - Enzyme Activation -- drug effects KW - Methylcholanthrene -- analogs & derivatives KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Methylcholanthrene -- metabolism KW - Benz(a)Anthracenes -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78114203?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+letters&rft.atitle=Metabolism+of+benz%5Bj%5Daceanthrylene+%28cholanthrylene%29+and+benz%5Bl%5Daceanthrylene+by+induced+rat+liver+S9.&rft.au=Nesnow%2C+S%3BEasterling%2C+R+E%3BEllis%2C+S%3BWatts%2C+R%3BRoss%2C+J&rft.aulast=Nesnow&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1988-02-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=19&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+letters&rft.issn=03043835&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1988-04-21 N1 - Date created - 1988-04-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prenatal dinocap exposure alters swimming behavior in mice due to complete otolith agenesis in the inner ear. AN - 78109477; 3341037 AB - Exposure to the fungicide dinocap during gestation produces behavioral abnormalities in the house mouse that are not apparent at birth but become obvious at weaning. Pregnant mice (CD-1) were exposed on Days 7 to 16 of gestation to dinocap at 0, 6, 12, or 25 mg/kg/day and the postnatal behavioral development of the offspring was assessed. Torticollis (head-tilting) appears in the treated offspring at 3 weeks of age (4.4% at 12 and 25.3% at 25 mg/kg/day) and, during a test of swimming ability, many of the mice (6.8% at 12 and 47.2% at 25 mg/kg/day) sink below the surface or are unstable and swim on their side in the water. These behavioral abnormalities are the result of agenesis of the otoliths in the inner ears. These were the only developmental defects noted in the 12 mg/kg/day dosage group. In this group 4.4% of the mice displayed torticollis, 9.2% did not swim normally, 19% were missing one or more whole otoliths (7.7% were missing all four otoliths), and partial agenesis of the crystalline material was seen in an additional 11.6% of the mice. The frequency of behavioral and inner ear defects increased in the higher dosage group, but the order of sensitivity of the effects did not change. JF - Toxicology and applied pharmacology AU - Gray, L E AU - Rogers, J M AU - Ostby, J S AU - Kavlock, R J AU - Ferrell, J M AD - Reproductive Toxicology Branch, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1988/02// PY - 1988 DA - February 1988 SP - 266 EP - 273 VL - 92 IS - 2 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - Dinitrobenzenes KW - 0 KW - Fungicides, Industrial KW - Nitrobenzenes KW - dinocap KW - JZG115B8H5 KW - Index Medicus KW - Maternal-Fetal Exchange KW - Animals KW - Swimming KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Mice KW - Female KW - Torticollis -- chemically induced KW - Pregnancy KW - Otolithic Membrane -- drug effects KW - Otolithic Membrane -- abnormalities KW - Saccule and Utricle -- abnormalities KW - Nitrobenzenes -- toxicity KW - Motor Activity -- drug effects KW - Fungicides, Industrial -- toxicity KW - Dinitrobenzenes -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78109477?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Prenatal+dinocap+exposure+alters+swimming+behavior+in+mice+due+to+complete+otolith+agenesis+in+the+inner+ear.&rft.au=Gray%2C+L+E%3BRogers%2C+J+M%3BOstby%2C+J+S%3BKavlock%2C+R+J%3BFerrell%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Gray&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1988-02-01&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=266&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1988-03-23 N1 - Date created - 1988-03-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Simultaneous measurement of preferred ambient temperature and metabolism in rats. AN - 78109076; 3344833 AB - A recent study from this laboratory found that rats placed in a temperature gradient preferred ambient temperatures (Ta) that were significantly below the lower critical Ta of the thermoneutral zone for elevating metabolic rate (MR). To further evaluate the interaction between preferred Ta and MR in the rat, a system was developed where preferred Ta, MR (i.e., O2 consumption), and activity could be automatically monitored in the unrestrained rat. Two groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats, a light-weight group and a heavy-weight group, were placed in a longitudinal temperature gradient for 90 min. These animals were further divided into two groups. One group was permitted free run in the gradient with a temperature range of 7-40 degrees C, whereas another group was restricted to the warm end of the gradient where the coolest available temperature was approximately equal to the lower critical Ta (29 degrees C). The preferred Ta and MR data were statistically analyzed over the last 20 min of the experimental run. Rats allowed to run freely in the gradient selected Ta of 17-20 degrees C and had MR significantly higher than animals restricted to a range of Ta no cooler than the lower critical Ta. Animals that selected the cooler Ta were much more active than those forced to remain at the warmer Ta. In conclusion, the interaction between behavioral and autonomic thermoregulation in the rat is unique compared with other rodent species such as the mouse, hamster, and guinea pig, which prefer Ta associated with thermoneutrality. JF - The American journal of physiology AU - Gordon, C J AD - Neurotoxicology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1988/02// PY - 1988 DA - February 1988 SP - R229 EP - R234 VL - 254 IS - 2 Pt 2 SN - 0002-9513, 0002-9513 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Reference Values KW - Basal Metabolism KW - Oxygen Consumption KW - Energy Metabolism KW - Time Factors KW - Male KW - Temperature KW - Rats, Inbred Strains -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78109076?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+journal+of+physiology&rft.atitle=Simultaneous+measurement+of+preferred+ambient+temperature+and+metabolism+in+rats.&rft.au=Gordon%2C+C+J&rft.aulast=Gordon&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1988-02-01&rft.volume=254&rft.issue=2+Pt+2&rft.spage=R229&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+American+journal+of+physiology&rft.issn=00029513&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1988-03-30 N1 - Date created - 1988-03-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mutagenicity and clastogenicity of proflavin in L5178Y/TK +/- -3.7.2.C cells. AN - 78107719; 3343981 AB - We evaluated the ability of proflavin to induce specific-locus mutations at the heterozygous thymidine kinase (tk) locus of L5178Y/TK +/- -3.7.2C mouse lymphoma cells, which appears to permit the recovery of mutants due to single-gene and chromosomal mutations. Proflavin was highly mutagenic at the tk locus, producing 724-965 TK mutants/10(6) survivors (background = 56-85/10(6); survival = 29-32%). Most of the mutants were small colonies, which suggested that proflavin may induce chromosomal mutations. The potent clastogenicity of proflavin was confirmed by cytogenetic analysis for chromosomal aberrations. At the highest dose analyzed (1.5 micrograms/ml), proflavin produced 82 aberrations/100 metaphaes (background = 2/100). The large-colony TK mutant frequency produced by proflavin (48-109/10(6) survivors; background = 23/10(6); survival = 57-61%) was similar to published HPRT mutant frequencies produces by proflavin in L5178Y and CHO cells (50-100/10(6) survivors; background = 2-50/10(6); survival = 50-62%). These results lead to the conclusion that proflavin is a potent clastogen and induces a high frequency of small-colony TK mutants; however, it induces a low frequency of HPRT mutants and a low frequency of large-colony TK mutants. JF - Mutation research AU - DeMarini, D M AU - Brock, K H AU - Doerr, C L AU - Moore, M M AD - Genetic Toxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1988/02// PY - 1988 DA - February 1988 SP - 323 EP - 328 VL - 204 IS - 2 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Acridines KW - 0 KW - Neoplasm Proteins KW - Proflavine KW - CY3RNB3K4T KW - Thymidine Kinase KW - EC 2.7.1.21 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Mutagenicity Tests KW - Neoplasm Proteins -- genetics KW - Mice KW - Leukemia L5178 -- pathology KW - Thymidine Kinase -- genetics KW - Acridines -- pharmacology KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured -- drug effects KW - Proflavine -- pharmacology KW - Chromosome Aberrations KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured -- enzymology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78107719?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Mutagenicity+and+clastogenicity+of+proflavin+in+L5178Y%2FTK+%2B%2F-+-3.7.2.C+cells.&rft.au=DeMarini%2C+D+M%3BBrock%2C+K+H%3BDoerr%2C+C+L%3BMoore%2C+M+M&rft.aulast=DeMarini&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1988-02-01&rft.volume=204&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=323&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1988-03-29 N1 - Date created - 1988-03-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Do trifluorothymidine-resistant mutants of L5178Y mouse lymphoma cells re-express thymidine kinase activity following 5-azacytidine treatment? AN - 78096313; 2448615 AB - TFT is an effective selective agent for TK-deficient mutants of L5178Y TK+/- -3.7.2C mouse lymphoma cells. Mutants can be classified by colony size into small colonies (many of which show readily observable chromosome abnormalities associated with chromosome 11--the location of the TK gene) and large colonies (which may represent events affecting only the expression of the TK gene). The precise nature of the induced damage causing the loss of the TK-enzyme activity for both mutant type is not known and is currently under investigation. The hypomethylating agent 5-azacytidine can be utilized to investigate the possibility that mutants might be the result of a suppressed rather than an altered TK gene. Mutant cell lines are treated with 5-azacytidine and then evaluated for re-expression of the TK enzyme as measured by resistance to THMG. In these studies, 11 mutants have been evaluated. None of the 11, including 10 small-colony mutants (6 with chromosome 11 translocations) and 1 large-colony mutant, show a high conversion to TK competency following 5-azacytidine treatment. JF - Mutation research AU - Moore, M M AU - Applegate, M L AU - Hozier, J C AD - Genetic Toxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1988/02// PY - 1988 DA - February 1988 SP - 77 EP - 82 VL - 207 IS - 2 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Thymidine Kinase KW - EC 2.7.1.21 KW - Azacitidine KW - M801H13NRU KW - Trifluridine KW - RMW9V5RW38 KW - Thymidine KW - VC2W18DGKR KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Drug Resistance -- genetics KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured -- drug effects KW - Mice KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured -- enzymology KW - Translocation, Genetic KW - Trifluridine -- pharmacology KW - Leukemia L5178 -- genetics KW - Azacitidine -- toxicity KW - Thymidine Kinase -- deficiency KW - Leukemia L5178 -- enzymology KW - Mutation KW - Thymidine -- analogs & derivatives KW - Leukemia, Experimental -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78096313?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Do+trifluorothymidine-resistant+mutants+of+L5178Y+mouse+lymphoma+cells+re-express+thymidine+kinase+activity+following+5-azacytidine+treatment%3F&rft.au=Moore%2C+M+M%3BApplegate%2C+M+L%3BHozier%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1988-02-01&rft.volume=207&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=77&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1988-03-21 N1 - Date created - 1988-03-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mammalian cell mutagenesis, Banbury Conference. AN - 78095487; 3277046 JF - Mutation research AU - Moore, M M AU - DeMarini, D M AU - de Serres, F J AU - Tindall, K R AD - Genetic Toxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1988/02// PY - 1988 DA - February 1988 SP - 69 EP - 78 VL - 203 IS - 1 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Genes KW - DNA Repair KW - Mammals KW - DNA Damage KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Genetic Vectors KW - Recombination, Genetic KW - Mutagenicity Tests KW - Mutation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78095487?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Mammalian+cell+mutagenesis%2C+Banbury+Conference.&rft.au=Moore%2C+M+M%3BDeMarini%2C+D+M%3Bde+Serres%2C+F+J%3BTindall%2C+K+R&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1988-02-01&rft.volume=203&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=69&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1988-03-15 N1 - Date created - 1988-03-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Purple burps and the filtration of drinking water supplies. AN - 78093054; 3337323 JF - American journal of public health AU - Jakubowski, W AD - Health Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH 45268. Y1 - 1988/02// PY - 1988 DA - February 1988 SP - 123 EP - 125 VL - 78 IS - 2 SN - 0090-0036, 0090-0036 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - Filtration KW - Humans KW - Species Specificity KW - Water Supply -- standards KW - Giardiasis -- epidemiology KW - Disease Outbreaks -- epidemiology KW - Giardiasis -- transmission KW - Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic -- physiopathology KW - Water Pollution -- prevention & control KW - Giardia -- physiology KW - Giardiasis -- physiopathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78093054?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+public+health&rft.atitle=Purple+burps+and+the+filtration+of+drinking+water+supplies.&rft.au=Jakubowski%2C+W&rft.aulast=Jakubowski&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1988-02-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=123&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+public+health&rft.issn=00900036&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1988-02-12 N1 - Date created - 1988-02-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Ann Intern Med. 1977 Oct;87(4):426-32 [907241] Aust Paediatr J. 1977 Jun;13(2):98-104 [907577] Am J Public Health. 1988 Feb;78(2):139-43 [3276234] Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1986;80(1):56-9 [3726998] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1987 Jul;53(7):1574-9 [3310881] Am J Epidemiol. 1980 Jan;111(1):1-12 [6986081] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Stringfellow Leachate Treatment with RBC AN - 19039234; 8806741 AB - In order to determine if the leachate from Stringfellow, a hazardous waste site in California, which contains high concentrations of metals and organics can be economically converted into an innocuous waste by biochemical treatment with a rotating biological contactor (RBC), the leachate was treated to reduce the metal content and then transported to a pilot-sized RBC in Cincinnati. A series of kinetic runs were made using primary effluent from the City of Cincinnati 's Mill Creek Sewage Treatment Plant to develop a biomass on the disks and to obtain a standard kinetic removal rate. These runs were followed with Stringfellow leachate experiments including operations at various ratios of leachate to primary effluent, operations with 100% leachate, and operations to increase the percentage removal of dissolved organics. Using acclimated disks and 100% leachate, approximately four days were required to reduce the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from 300 to 100 mg/L. The major identified organic constituent, para-chlorobenzene sulfonic acid, was readily removed by the RBC treatment as was 65% of the DOC. The final leachate concentrations were: 110 mg/L DOC; 1 mg/L soluble biological oxygen demand (SBOD); and 370 mg/L for soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD). These results indicated close to 100% removal for biodegradable organics as defined by SBOD. After treatment with activated carbon and flocculation, the previously specified limits were met: total organic carbon was under 5 mg/L; DOC was 20 mg/L; and SCOD was 79 mg/L. An economic evaluation indicated that the direct scale-up of the pilot plant result to the Stringfellow site would require 3.3 years of operation to recover the capital costs for a RBC treatment stage. A modified design scale-up based on satisfying the reaction time requirements is an attractive alternative to reduce the capital costs recovery period to 1.1 years. (Wood-PTT) JF - Environmental Progress ENVPDI Vol. 7, No. 1, p 41-45, February 1988. 5 fig, 2 tab, 6 ref. AU - Opatken, E J AU - Howard, K AU - Bond, J J AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH Y1 - 1988/02// PY - 1988 DA - Feb 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Rotating biological contactors KW - Contact beds KW - Wastewater treatment KW - Water pollution control KW - Biological wastewater treatment KW - Leachates KW - Hazardous wastes KW - California KW - Organic compounds KW - Economic aspects KW - Costs KW - Capital costs KW - Biological oxygen demand KW - Chemical oxygen demand KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19039234?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Stringfellow+Leachate+Treatment+with+RBC&rft.au=Opatken%2C+E+J%3BHoward%2C+K%3BBond%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=Opatken&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1988-02-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Metabolism of Mutagenic Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Photosynthetic Algal Species AN - 19035972; 8806305 AB - Cultures of photosynthetic algal species were assayed for their ability to metabolize benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) under conditions which either permitted (white light) or disallowed (gold light) photooxidation of the compound. Growth of Selenastrum capricornutum, a fresh-water green alga, was completely inhibited when incubated in white light with 160 micrograms BaP/liter. When gold light was used, BaP at its upper limits of water solubility had no effect on algal growth. BaP quinones and phenol derivatives were found to inhibit growth of Selenastrum under white light. Chlorococcales were growth-inhibited by BaP in white light, but the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a blue-green, a yellow-green and an euglenoid alga did not respond in this fashion. Assays of radiolabeled BaP metabolism in Selenastrum showed that the majority of radioactivity associated with BaP was found in media as opposed to algal cell pellets, that the extent of metabolism was BaP concentration-dependent, and that the proportion of various metabolites detected was a function of the light source. After gold light incubation, BaP diols predominated while after white light treatment at equal BaP concentrations, the 3,6-quinone was found in highest concentrations. Extracted material from algal cell pellets and from media was tested for mutagenicity in a forward mutation suspension assay in Salmonella typhimurium using resistance to 8-azaguanine for selection. Direct-acting mutagens were detected in extracted media from incubation of Selenastrum with 400 micrograms BaP/liter for 1 day in gold light. Extracts of media from algae incubated in gold light from 1 to 4 days with 1200 micrograms BaP/liter had direct-acting mutagens as well as those requiring further metabolism. Media extracts from white light incubations of BaP were mutagenic upon addition of rat liver homogenates. Activity of these materials from white light treatment were attributable to unmetabolized BaP. (Cassar-PTT) JF - Mutation Research MUREAV Vol. 197, No. 2, p 289-302, February 1988. 3 fig, 7 tab, 53 ref. EPA Grant No. 808459 and 811201. AU - Schoeny, R AU - Cody, T AU - Warshawsky, D AU - Radike, M AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH. Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office Y1 - 1988/02// PY - 1988 DA - Feb 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Water pollution sources KW - Algae KW - Photosynthesis KW - Aromatic compounds KW - Hydrocarbons KW - Mutagens KW - Fate of pollutants KW - Path of pollutants KW - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - Bioaccumulation KW - Accumulation KW - Carcinogens KW - Benzopyrene KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19035972?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Metabolism+of+Mutagenic+Polycyclic+Aromatic+Hydrocarbons+by+Photosynthetic+Algal+Species&rft.au=Schoeny%2C+R%3BCody%2C+T%3BWarshawsky%2C+D%3BRadike%2C+M&rft.aulast=Schoeny&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1988-02-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxicity of Chlorpyrifos, Endrin, or Fenvalerate to Fathead Minnows Following Episodic or Continuous Exposure AN - 19029225; 8807474 AB - Fathead minnow larvae (Pimephales promelas) were exposed to three individual pesticides during brief or continuous exposure in 96-hr and 28- to 30-day toxicity tests. Continuous exposure 96-hr LC50 values for chlorpyrifos, endrin, and fenvalerate were 122.2, 0.7, and 0.85 micrograms/L, respectively. Continuous exposure chronic effect concentrations were chlorpyrifos, 2.1 micrograms/L (increased deformities); endrin, 0.38 micrograms/L (reduction in growth); and fenvalerate, 0.36 micrograms/L (reduction in survival and growth). Brief exposure chronic test results indicated that fathead minnow exposure to chlorpyrifos for as few as 5 hr at a concentration similar to a continuous exposure 96-hr LC50 value resulted in increased deformities and a reduction in growth, whereas a 48-hr exposure at a concentration similar to a continuous exposure 96-hr LC50 value was required to cause a reduction in growth for endrin and a reduction in survival and growth for fenvalerate. It is suggested that although constant exposure laboratory tests are essential for hazard assessment, the relationships of exposure duration and toxicant intensity to ecotoxic effects are necessary for reliable risk assessments and implementation of water quality standards. (Author 's abstract) JF - Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety EESADV Vol. 15, No. 1, p 78-95, February 1988. 6 fig, 6 tab, 48 ref. AU - Jarvinen, A W AU - Tanner, D K AU - Kline, E R AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, Minnesota 55804 Y1 - 1988/02// PY - 1988 DA - Feb 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Water pollution effects KW - Population exposure KW - Toxicity KW - Organic compounds KW - Minnows KW - Pesticides KW - Fish physiology KW - Water quality KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19029225?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Toxicity+of+Chlorpyrifos%2C+Endrin%2C+or+Fenvalerate+to+Fathead+Minnows+Following+Episodic+or+Continuous+Exposure&rft.au=Jarvinen%2C+A+W%3BTanner%2C+D+K%3BKline%2C+E+R&rft.aulast=Jarvinen&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1988-02-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inactivation of Particle-Associated Coliforms by Chlorine and Monochloramine AN - 19026607; 8807012 AB - Sieves and nylon screens were used to separate primary sewage effluent solids into particle fractions of 7-micron size. The efficiency of separation was determined by using a particle counter. Indigenous coliforms associated with the particle fractions were tested for their resistance to chlorine and monochloramine. Coliforms associated with the 7-micron fraction. Homogenization of the >7-micron fraction not only resulted in an increase in the number of 7-micron fraction. The time required for 99% inactivation of the particle fractions with monochloramine at pH 7 or 8 was 20- to 50-fold greater than the time required for the same amount of inactivation with chlorine at pH 7. The results indicate that coliforms associated with sewage effluent particles are inactivated more rapidly with 0.5 mg of chlorine per liter than with 1.0 mg of monochloramine per liter. However, >7-micron particles can have a protective effect against the disinfecting action of chlorine. (Author 's abstract) JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AEMIDF Vol. 54, No. 2, p 507-512, February 1988. 2 fig, 5 tab, 12 ref. AU - Berman, D AU - Rice, E W AU - Hoff, J C AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH Y1 - 1988/02// PY - 1988 DA - Feb 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Inactivation KW - Wastewater treatment KW - Disinfection KW - Primary wastewater treatment KW - Coliforms KW - Chlorine KW - Monochloramine KW - Effluents KW - Wastewater KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19026607?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Inactivation+of+Particle-Associated+Coliforms+by+Chlorine+and+Monochloramine&rft.au=Berman%2C+D%3BRice%2C+E+W%3BHoff%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Berman&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1988-02-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Surface Water Supplies and Health AN - 19025305; 8807036 AB - Rivers, streams, lakes, and reservoirs have long been important sources of drinking water. In the past, these sources were often heavily contaminated by sewage discharges and, unfortunately, were also important in the transmission of communicable diseases such as typhoid and cholera. With improvements in sewage disposal practices, development and protection of water sources, and water treatment, outbreaks of waterborne disease are less frequently reported, and drinking water becomes a less important route of transmission of communicable disease. In the United States, the incidence of waterborne disease is low but waterborne outbreaks continue to occur. In the 1971-1985 period, 123 outbreaks of waterborne disease were attributed to contamined, untreated surfaced water or inadequately treated surface water. Most of these outbreaks were in small community and noncommunity water systems. The use of chlorine as a disinfectant in water treatment facilities can lead to the formation of trihalomethanes. Epidemiologic studies have implicated chlorinated drinking water in the development of colon and bladder cancer and cardiovascular disease. (Alexander-PTT) JF - Journal of the American Water Works Association JAWWA5 Vol. 80, No. 2, p 40-52, February 1988. 8 fig, 10 tab, 55 ref. AU - Craun, G F AD - Epidemiology and Statistics Section Microbiology and Hazard Assessment Branch, Toxicology and Microbiology Div., US Environmental Protection Agency, 26 W. Martin Luther King Dr., Cincinnati, OH 45268 Y1 - 1988/02// PY - 1988 DA - Feb 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Chlorination KW - Water treatment KW - Water conveyance KW - Drinking water KW - Public health KW - Population exposure KW - Epidemiology KW - Statistical methods KW - Human diseases KW - Chlorinated hydrocarbons KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19025305?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Surface+Water+Supplies+and+Health&rft.au=Craun%2C+G+F&rft.aulast=Craun&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1988-02-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In vitro culture of postimplantation hamster embryos. AN - 78820091; 2980399 AB - In vitro culture of intact rat and mouse embryos has been described extensively, but information on the culture of other species is sparse. The present study examined some culture requirements of early somite stage hamster embryos and assessed the embryotoxic effects of sodium salicylate (SS), a direct acting chemical and cyclophosphamide (CP), a proteratogen, on these embryos. Hamster embryos explanted on gestation days (GD) 8 and 9 were cultured in Waymouth's embryo-hepatocyte co-cultivation medium (WEHC), 70% McCoy's 5A medium-30% male rat serum (MMRS) or 100% male rat serum (MRS) for 24 hours under various oxygen concentrations. Embryos cultured GD 8 to 9 in the various media grew and differentiated much as they did in vivo, while embryos cultured GD 9 to 10 grew best in MMRS as compared to embryos at the same stage in vivo. Embryos exposed to SS in MMRS at concentrations of 250, 300, or 400 micrograms/ml showed dose related embryotoxicity which included CNS defects, absence of hind limb bud formation, and lack of axial rotation. Hamster embryos co-cultivated with pregnant hamster hepatocytes and treated with 2.5, 6.25 and 12.5 micrograms/ml of CP, showed dose-dependent toxicity when compared to co-cultivated controls. Hamster embryos develop extensively in culture over a 24 hour period. This system may therefore provide a valuable tool for evaluating the species differences of a variety of potential teratogens and embryotoxins and allow the comparison of these embryotoxic effects between rat, mouse and hamster during similar stages of organogenesis. JF - Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) AU - Ebron-McCoy, M T AU - Beyer, P E AU - Oglesby, L A AU - Kavlock, R J AD - Developmental and Cell Toxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 31 EP - 36 VL - 2 IS - 1 SN - 0890-6238, 0890-6238 KW - Cyclophosphamide KW - 8N3DW7272P KW - Sodium Salicylate KW - WIQ1H85SYP KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Culture Techniques KW - Mesocricetus KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Embryonic and Fetal Development -- drug effects KW - Cricetinae KW - Abnormalities, Drug-Induced -- embryology KW - Cyclophosphamide -- toxicity KW - Embryonic Development -- physiology KW - Sodium Salicylate -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78820091?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reproductive+toxicology+%28Elmsford%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.atitle=In+vitro+culture+of+postimplantation+hamster+embryos.&rft.au=Ebron-McCoy%2C+M+T%3BBeyer%2C+P+E%3BOglesby%2C+L+A%3BKavlock%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Ebron-McCoy&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=31&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Reproductive+toxicology+%28Elmsford%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.issn=08906238&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-05-12 N1 - Date created - 1992-05-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The development of a protocol to assess reproductive effects of toxicants in the rat. AN - 78813854; 2485184 AB - The determination that a chemical poses a reproductive risk to man typically relies upon fertility studies using rodents. However, fertility in rodents is often difficult to disrupt and more sensitive indicators of reproductive function should be included in the risk assessment process. The present discussion compares the sensitivity of fertility to other endpoints following exposure to known reproductive toxicants. In our studies rats were dosed from weaning through puberty , gestation, and lactation. The reproductive function of the male, the female, and the offspring was assessed. The effects of methoxychlor, carbendazim (MBC), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), and lindane are discussed and compared to fertility. For each compound a ratio (SR = sensitivity ratio) of the lowest effect level (LEL) for infertility or reduced fecundity to the LEL for the most sensitive physiologic endpoint was calculated. The SR should be large when a compound produces effects over a wide range of doses, but should equal unity when the dose-response curve is very steep. For methoxychlor, which blocked implantation, pubertal landmarks and estrous cyclicity provided rapid and sensitive indicators of the subsequent reproductive failure. The SR = 8 (100/12) for methoxychlor using data from females. In contrast, DBP and MBC directly altered testicular function, and for these compounds, sperm and testicular measures provided sensitive indicators of toxicity. The SR for MBC was 2 (100/50), while DBP had a SR of 1 (500/500). In the lindane study, fertility was not reduced but most of the pups (F1) died shortly after birth. The SR for lindane is equal to 0.5 (10/20). At 20 mg/kg the treated females were larger and their estrous cycles were erratic.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) AU - Gray, L E AU - Ostby, J AU - Sigmon, R AU - Ferrell, J AU - Rehnberg, G AU - Linder, R AU - Cooper, R AU - Goldman, J AU - Laskey, J AD - Developmental Reproductive Biology, Endocrinology & Gerontology Section, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27111. Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 281 EP - 287 VL - 2 IS - 3-4 SN - 0890-6238, 0890-6238 KW - Benzimidazoles KW - 0 KW - Carbamates KW - Fungicides, Industrial KW - Hazardous Substances KW - Dibutyl Phthalate KW - 2286E5R2KE KW - Lindane KW - 59NEE7PCAB KW - carbendazim KW - H75J14AA89 KW - Methoxychlor KW - RIA79UD69L KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Lindane -- toxicity KW - Dibutyl Phthalate -- toxicity KW - Fungicides, Industrial -- toxicity KW - Male KW - Female KW - Benzimidazoles -- toxicity KW - Methoxychlor -- toxicity KW - Reproduction -- drug effects KW - Hazardous Substances -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78813854?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reproductive+toxicology+%28Elmsford%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.atitle=The+development+of+a+protocol+to+assess+reproductive+effects+of+toxicants+in+the+rat.&rft.au=Gray%2C+L+E%3BOstby%2C+J%3BSigmon%2C+R%3BFerrell%2C+J%3BRehnberg%2C+G%3BLinder%2C+R%3BCooper%2C+R%3BGoldman%2C+J%3BLaskey%2C+J&rft.aulast=Gray&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=281&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Reproductive+toxicology+%28Elmsford%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.issn=08906238&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-05-07 N1 - Date created - 1992-05-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Oral toxicology studies with xylene isomers and mixed xylenes. AN - 78737488; 3243184 AB - Xylene isomers and mixed xylenes were administered to male and female Sprague-Dawley rats to evaluate their effects on standard toxicological parameters which included body and organ weights, hematology, serum chemistries, urinalysis and histopathological examination. In the initial study, m, o- or p-xylene were administered in corn oil by gavage for 10 consecutive days at dose levels of 250, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg/day. The most noteworthy changes were increased liver weight in both sexes for all three isomers while decreases in spleen and thymus weights were seen less frequently. Rats were subsequently exposed to mixed xylenes by gavage in corn oil for 90 consecutive days at dose levels of 150, 750 and 1500 mg/kg/day. The most significant findings of the subchronic study were enlarged livers and kidneys. Histopathological evaluation of liver and kidney tissues revealed an increased incidence of minimal chronic renal disease in only female rats, while treatment related hepatic histopathological changes were not detected in either sex. JF - Drug and chemical toxicology AU - Condie, L W AU - Hill, J R AU - Borzelleca, J F AD - Health Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH 45268. Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 329 EP - 354 VL - 11 IS - 4 SN - 0148-0545, 0148-0545 KW - Xylenes KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Administration, Oral KW - Animals KW - Stereoisomerism KW - Sex Factors KW - Thymus Gland -- drug effects KW - Rats KW - Rats, Inbred Strains KW - Hematologic Tests KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Spleen -- drug effects KW - Female KW - Male KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Xylenes -- toxicity KW - Xylenes -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78737488?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Drug+and+chemical+toxicology&rft.atitle=Oral+toxicology+studies+with+xylene+isomers+and+mixed+xylenes.&rft.au=Condie%2C+L+W%3BHill%2C+J+R%3BBorzelleca%2C+J+F&rft.aulast=Condie&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=329&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Drug+and+chemical+toxicology&rft.issn=01480545&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-05-26 N1 - Date created - 1989-05-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene, benzo[a]pyrene and cyclosporin A on murine cytomegalovirus infection: studies of resistance mechanisms. AN - 78696650; 2853140 AB - Susceptibility to murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) was enhanced by treating B6C3F1 and CD-1 mice subcutaneously with 100 mg 7,12-dimethyl-benz[a]anthracene (DMBA)/kg fractionated over a 2 week period prior to sub-lethal infection. Virus-augmented natural killer cell (NKC) activity was depressed in B6C3F1 mice treated with 100 mg DMBA/kg, while serum interferon (IFN) levels were unaffected. Treatment with 50 mg DMBA/kg had no effect on susceptibility to virus or virus-augmented NKC activity. Susceptibility to MCMV was not affected by treating mice with 400 mg benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P)/kg using the same exposure regimen. Virus-augmented NKC activity was suppressed in B[a]P-treated mice, but the magnitude of the suppression (18%) was much less than that for DMBA-treated mice (39%). Susceptibility to MCMV, virus-augmented NKC and IFN induction were not affected in mice treated intraperitoneally with 50 mg cyclosporin A (CSA)/kg/day for 5 days and infected on the 5th day of treatment. In contrast, enhanced susceptibility to MCMV and depressed NKC activity were observed in mice treated by the same exposure regimen on days 1-5 post infection. Susceptibility was not affected by CSA given on days 5-9 post infection. The data are useful not only because they show that DMBA and appropriately-timed CSA treatments suppress virus augmented NKC and enhance susceptibility to MCMV, but also because they help to define the relative importance of certain immune responses in defending against the infection, thus improving the usefulness of MCMV as a host resistance model for immunotoxicity testing. The data suggest that chemicals which depress NKC are likely to enhance susceptibility to MCMV, and conversely that effects on NKC should be suspected when chemical exposure enhances susceptibility to MCMV. JF - International journal of immunopharmacology AU - Selgrade, M J AU - Daniels, M J AU - Burleson, G R AU - Lauer, L D AU - Dean, J H AD - Health Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 811 EP - 818 VL - 10 IS - 7 SN - 0192-0561, 0192-0561 KW - Cyclosporins KW - 0 KW - Benzo(a)pyrene KW - 3417WMA06D KW - 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene KW - 57-97-6 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic -- immunology KW - Mice KW - Time Factors KW - Killer Cells, Natural -- immunology KW - Killer Cells, Natural -- drug effects KW - Female KW - T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic -- drug effects KW - Cytomegalovirus Infections -- immunology KW - Cytomegalovirus Infections -- etiology KW - 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene -- toxicity KW - Cyclosporins -- toxicity KW - Benzo(a)pyrene -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78696650?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+immunopharmacology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+7%2C12-dimethylbenz%5Ba%5Danthracene%2C+benzo%5Ba%5Dpyrene+and+cyclosporin+A+on+murine+cytomegalovirus+infection%3A+studies+of+resistance+mechanisms.&rft.au=Selgrade%2C+M+J%3BDaniels%2C+M+J%3BBurleson%2C+G+R%3BLauer%2C+L+D%3BDean%2C+J+H&rft.aulast=Selgrade&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=811&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+immunopharmacology&rft.issn=01920561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-04-28 N1 - Date created - 1989-04-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Behavioral thermoregulation in the rat following the oral administration of ethanol. AN - 78670369; 3228459 AB - To assess if ethyl alcohol (ethanol) causes a reduction in the set-point for control of body temperature, behavioral thermoregulatory responses in the Fischer rat were measured following a single oral administration of ethanol. In a preliminary study, five rats were given 3.0 g/kg ethanol dissolved in saline (20%; v/v) by gavage and placed in a longitudinal temperature gradient for 2 hr. The temperature gradient permitted the rats to behaviorally thermoregulate (i.e. select a thermal preferendum). The selected ambient temperature (Ta) in the temperature gradient was notably lower during the initial and final stages of the test period when compared to the response of rats administered similar volumes of saline. Colonic temperature upon removal from the gradient was approximately 1.0 degree C below that of the saline-treated animals. In a follow-up study, rats were placed in the temperature gradient for 1 hr for accommodation purposes. The rats were then gavaged with 0, 1.0 or 3.0 g/kg ethanol and placed back in the gradient for another 2 hr. Selected Ta was significantly reduced in the 3.0 g/kg group during the second hour post-ethanol exposure. The 1.0 g/kg dosage had little effect on selected Ta. As in the preliminary study, the colonic temperature of the rats in the follow up study given 3.0 g/kg was 1.0 degree C below that of the control at 2 hr post-injection. Because the 3.0 g/kg treated animals were significantly hypothermic and selected cooler Tas in the temperature gradient, it was concluded that ethanol exerted a lowering of the set-point for control of body temperature. JF - Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire) AU - Gordon, C J AU - Fogelson, L AU - Mohler, F AU - Stead, A G AU - Rezvani, A H AD - Neurotoxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 383 EP - 390 VL - 23 IS - 5 SN - 0735-0414, 0735-0414 KW - Ethanol KW - 3K9958V90M KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Administration, Oral KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Body Temperature KW - Ethanol -- pharmacology KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Ethanol -- administration & dosage KW - Adaptation, Physiological KW - Male KW - Body Temperature Regulation -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78670369?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+and+alcoholism+%28Oxford%2C+Oxfordshire%29&rft.atitle=Behavioral+thermoregulation+in+the+rat+following+the+oral+administration+of+ethanol.&rft.au=Gordon%2C+C+J%3BFogelson%2C+L%3BMohler%2C+F%3BStead%2C+A+G%3BRezvani%2C+A+H&rft.aulast=Gordon&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=383&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+and+alcoholism+%28Oxford%2C+Oxfordshire%29&rft.issn=07350414&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-04-14 N1 - Date created - 1989-04-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Plasma binding of 1-butanol, phenol, nitrobenzene and pentachlorophenol in the rainbow trout and rat: a comparative study. AN - 78651787; 2905956 AB - 1. The in vitro binding of 1-butanol, phenol, nitrobenzene, and pentachlorophenol in trout plasma and rat plasma was determined. 2. Binding to rainbow trout plasma proteins agreed within 9% of that observed in rat plasma. 3. Percentage bound to rainbow trout (2-99%) or rat (10-99%) plasma proteins increased as the log octanol/water partition coefficient of the chemicals increased within the Log P 1-3 range, and was suggestive of hydrophobic interactions in binding. JF - Comparative biochemistry and physiology. C, Comparative pharmacology and toxicology AU - Schmieder, P K AU - Henry, T R AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Research Laboratory-Duluth, MN 55804. Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 413 EP - 418 VL - 91 IS - 2 SN - 0742-8413, 0742-8413 KW - Blood Proteins KW - 0 KW - Butanols KW - Chlorophenols KW - Nitrobenzenes KW - Phenols KW - Phenol KW - 339NCG44TV KW - 1-Butanol KW - 8PJ61P6TS3 KW - Pentachlorophenol KW - D9BSU0SE4T KW - nitrobenzene KW - E57JCN6SSY KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats, Inbred Strains KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Blood Proteins -- metabolism KW - Protein Binding KW - Chlorophenols -- blood KW - Phenols -- blood KW - Nitrobenzenes -- blood KW - Butanols -- blood KW - Trout -- blood KW - Pentachlorophenol -- blood KW - Salmonidae -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78651787?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Comparative+biochemistry+and+physiology.+C%2C+Comparative+pharmacology+and+toxicology&rft.atitle=Plasma+binding+of+1-butanol%2C+phenol%2C+nitrobenzene+and+pentachlorophenol+in+the+rainbow+trout+and+rat%3A+a+comparative+study.&rft.au=Schmieder%2C+P+K%3BHenry%2C+T+R&rft.aulast=Schmieder&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=413&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Comparative+biochemistry+and+physiology.+C%2C+Comparative+pharmacology+and+toxicology&rft.issn=07428413&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-03-23 N1 - Date created - 1989-03-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mutagenicity of topoisomerase-active agents in bacteriophage T4. AN - 78637890; 2905838 AB - Recently, the antitumor agent 4'-(9-acridinylamino)-methanesulfon-m-anisidide (m-AMSA) was shown to revert a frameshift mutant of T4 (rFC11), and its mutagenicity was shown to be mediated by T4 DNA topoisomerase II [Ripley et al.: J Mol Biol 200: 665-680, 1988]. Here we report dose-response data on the mutagenicity and toxicity of m-AMSA in T4 rFC11. We find that m-AMSA is among the most potent frameshift mutagens observed in T4, inducing a 10-fold increase in mutant frequency in the absence of toxicity and a 500-fold increase in mutant frequency at 31% survival. In addition to m-AMSA, the topoisomerase-active agents ellipticine, oxolinic acid, and nalidixic acid also reverted rFC11; however, they required concentrations 10-100 times greater than those required by m-AMSA in order to be mutagenic, and they did not produce mutant frequencies as high as those produced by m-AMSA. Unlike m-AMSA, all three agents were mutagenic only at toxic doses. The other agents evaluated--actinomycin D, adriamycin, 9-aminoellipticine, 9-methoxyellipticine, teniposide (VM-26), and novobiocin--were toxic but not mutagenic to T4 rFC11. Thus, m-AMSA appears to be distinctly different from the other topoisomerase-active agents in exhibiting such potent mutagenic activity in T4 rFC11. Because E. coli DNA gyrase may substitute for T4 topoisomerase II, we examined the ability of two inhibitors of E. coli DNA gyrase, novobiocin and nalidixic acid, to inhibit m-AMSA's mutagenicity. Both agents substantially reduced the mutagenicity of m-AMSA in T4 rFC11, further suggesting that topoisomerase mediates the mutagenicity of m-AMSA. JF - Teratogenesis, carcinogenesis, and mutagenesis AU - DeMarini, D M AU - Lawrence, B K AD - Genetic Toxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 293 EP - 301 VL - 8 IS - 5 SN - 0270-3211, 0270-3211 KW - Ellipticines KW - 0 KW - Amsacrine KW - 00DPD30SOY KW - Novobiocin KW - 17EC19951N KW - Dactinomycin KW - 1CC1JFE158 KW - Nalidixic Acid KW - 3B91HWA56M KW - Doxorubicin KW - 80168379AG KW - DNA Topoisomerases, Type II KW - EC 5.99.1.3 KW - Oxolinic Acid KW - L0A22B22FT KW - Index Medicus KW - Dactinomycin -- pharmacology KW - Nalidixic Acid -- pharmacology KW - Doxorubicin -- pharmacology KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Novobiocin -- pharmacology KW - Oxolinic Acid -- pharmacology KW - Ellipticines -- pharmacology KW - Amsacrine -- toxicity KW - T-Phages -- drug effects KW - Mutation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78637890?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Teratogenesis%2C+carcinogenesis%2C+and+mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Mutagenicity+of+topoisomerase-active+agents+in+bacteriophage+T4.&rft.au=DeMarini%2C+D+M%3BLawrence%2C+B+K&rft.aulast=DeMarini&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=293&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Teratogenesis%2C+carcinogenesis%2C+and+mutagenesis&rft.issn=02703211&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-03-02 N1 - Date created - 1989-03-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Immunologic effects of perinatal exposure of rats to dioctyltin dichloride. AN - 78571067; 3264347 AB - Studies were conducted to determine the period of immune system development that was most sensitive to perturbation by the known immunotoxicant di-n-octyltin dichloride (DOTC). Fischer 344 rats were exposed prenatally, both pre- and postnatally, or postnatally to DOTC by oral gavage of pregnant and/or lactating females. At various ages, ranging from 3 to 16 wk of age, offspring were examined for a number of immune functions. These included body and lymphoid organ weights; lymphoproliferative responses to B- and T-cell mitogens; natural killer cell activity; and primary antibody response to sheep erythrocytes. Prenatal (10-20 of gestation), pre- and postnatal (d 11-20 of gestation and 2-11 d of age), or postnatal (2-13 d of age) oral dosing of dams with 20-50 mg/kg DOTC resulted in no consistent alteration in immune function in offspring. However, direct oral dosing of rat pups to 5-15 mg/kg DOTC, beginning at 3 d of age and then 3 times per week up to 24 d of age for a total of 10 doses, resulted in significant suppression of the lymphoproliferative response of splenocytes to a T-cell mitogen in 10-wk-old rats (i.e., 7 wk after the last exposure to DOTC). Lymphoproliferative responses returned to control levels by 12 wk of age. In comparison young adult (8 wk old) rats dosed with 10 or 20 mg/kg DOTC under an identical dosing schedule (i.e., 3 times per week for a total of 10 doses) showed no suppression in the mitogen response of splenocytes 4 wk after the last exposure to DOTC. These results suggest that direct dosing of pups during early postnatal life may be the most effective means of inducing immunosuppression with DOTC during immune system development. The results also provide evidence for the greater sensitivity of the developing immune system compared with the fully developed immune system for a known immunotoxicant. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health AU - Smialowicz, R J AU - Riddle, M M AU - Rogers, R R AU - Rowe, D G AU - Luebke, R W AU - Fogelson, L D AU - Copeland, C B AD - Perinatal Toxicology Branch, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangel Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 403 EP - 422 VL - 25 IS - 4 SN - 0098-4108, 0098-4108 KW - Organotin Compounds KW - 0 KW - di-n-octyltin dichloride KW - TZ52I3CR3Q KW - Index Medicus KW - Spleen -- analysis KW - Rats KW - Administration, Oral KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Immune System -- growth & development KW - Immune System -- drug effects KW - Thymus Gland -- pathology KW - Spleen -- pathology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Organotin Compounds -- toxicity KW - Immunity, Cellular -- drug effects KW - T-Lymphocytes -- drug effects KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78571067?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health&rft.atitle=Immunologic+effects+of+perinatal+exposure+of+rats+to+dioctyltin+dichloride.&rft.au=Smialowicz%2C+R+J%3BRiddle%2C+M+M%3BRogers%2C+R+R%3BRowe%2C+D+G%3BLuebke%2C+R+W%3BFogelson%2C+L+D%3BCopeland%2C+C+B&rft.aulast=Smialowicz&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=403&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health&rft.issn=00984108&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-01-18 N1 - Date created - 1989-01-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Possible antiestrogenic activity of lindane in female rats. AN - 78567826; 2462049 AB - During chronic peroral (PO) treatment of weanling, female Fischer 344 rats with daily injections (0.069 mmol/kg) of either 1,1'-(2,2,2-trichloroethylidene) bis [4-chlorobenzene] (p,p'-DDT), 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D), or gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane (lindane), the lindane treatment induced a significant 20% increase in body weight after 110 days. Further investigation with 0, 5, 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg lindane confirmed a significant increase in average body weight gain at the two highest doses after ten weeks of treatment. Significantly greater food consumption was observed, and the Lee index indicated that lindane treatment induced obesity. In addition to obesity, lindane caused a delay in vaginal opening, disrupted estrous cycling, reduced pituitary and uterine weight, and elevated food consumption during proestrus (when appetite is normally suppressed by estradiol). These responses suggest that, by inducing alterations in the reproductive function of the female rat and by interfering with hormonal regulation of energy balance, lindane may be antiestrogenic rather than estrogenic as previously proposed. JF - Journal of biochemical toxicology AU - Chadwick, R W AU - Cooper, R L AU - Chang, J AU - Rehnberg, G L AU - McElroy, W K AD - Health Effects Research Laboratory, Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 147 EP - 158 VL - 3 SN - 0887-2082, 0887-2082 KW - Estrogen Antagonists KW - 0 KW - Lindane KW - 59NEE7PCAB KW - Index Medicus KW - Eating -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Liver -- pathology KW - Estrus -- drug effects KW - Uterus -- drug effects KW - Pituitary Gland -- drug effects KW - Sexual Maturation -- drug effects KW - Rats KW - Pituitary Gland -- pathology KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Uterus -- pathology KW - Female KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Lindane -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78567826?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+biochemical+toxicology&rft.atitle=Possible+antiestrogenic+activity+of+lindane+in+female+rats.&rft.au=Chadwick%2C+R+W%3BCooper%2C+R+L%3BChang%2C+J%3BRehnberg%2C+G+L%3BMcElroy%2C+W+K&rft.aulast=Chadwick&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=&rft.spage=147&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+biochemical+toxicology&rft.issn=08872082&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-01-26 N1 - Date created - 1989-01-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Thermoregulatory responses of the rabbit to subcutaneous injection of sulfolane. AN - 78562963; 3196156 AB - Earlier studies have shown that intraperitoneal injection of the industrial solvent sulfolane (tetrahydrothiophene-1,1-dioxide) caused a decrease in metabolic rate and a rapid, regulated hypothermia in mice and rats. In the present study, subcutaneous injections of 0, 100, 200, 400, 600, and 750 mg/kg sulfolane at an ambient temperature (Ta) of 10 degrees C caused a dose-dependent decrease in colonic temperature (Tc) of rabbits. Metabolic rate (MR) remained unchanged during the initial phase of the hypothermia for all dose groups; but peripheral vasodilation, as indicated by an increase in ear skin temperature, was seen at the higher dose levels. The observed thermoregulatory response to sulfolane was a function of Ta. Thus, at Tas of 10 and 20 degrees C, injection of 600 mg/kg sulfolane had no effect on MR but caused an increase in ear skin temperature. The magnitude of the hypothermia was similar at these two Tas, indicating the sulfolane-treated rabbits had some control over Tc. At a Ta of 28 degrees C, however, the animals became hyperthermic upon injection of 600 mg/kg sulfolane. JF - Archives of toxicology AU - Mohler, F S AU - Gordon, C J AD - United States Environmental Protection Agency, Health Effects Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 216 EP - 219 VL - 62 IS - 2-3 SN - 0340-5761, 0340-5761 KW - Thiophenes KW - 0 KW - sulfolane KW - Y5L06AH4G5 KW - Index Medicus KW - Seizures -- chemically induced KW - Animals KW - Basal Metabolism -- drug effects KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Rabbits KW - Species Specificity KW - Male KW - Body Temperature Regulation -- drug effects KW - Thiophenes -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78562963?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+toxicology&rft.atitle=Thermoregulatory+responses+of+the+rabbit+to+subcutaneous+injection+of+sulfolane.&rft.au=Mohler%2C+F+S%3BGordon%2C+C+J&rft.aulast=Mohler&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=216&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+toxicology&rft.issn=03405761&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1988-12-29 N1 - Date created - 1988-12-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Current status of behavioral teratology: science and regulation. AN - 78534236; 3056655 AB - The field of behavioral teratology has advanced rapidly in recent years since the advent of recommendations or requirements by several countries for behavioral teratology testing as part of safety evaluation procedures for pharmaceutical agents. A number of large-scale efforts in methods development have been undertaken and supported by U.S. regulatory agencies, and several recent documents have reviewed the state of the science and identified research needs in this area. Although U.S. regulatory agencies do not routinely require behavioral teratology testing, data on existing chemicals are reviewed and evaluated in the risk-assessment process. Currently, such data can be of value in at least three ways: (1) data from postnatal studies may be useful in elucidating the consequences of perinatal findings; (2) behavioral data may help to further define the lower end of the dose response curve; and (3) for chemicals where human exposure is likely, behavioral studies may help to focus on types of effects that may be important to monitor in the exposed human population. JF - Critical reviews in toxicology AU - Kimmel, C A AD - Reproductive Effects Assessment Group, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 1 EP - 10 VL - 19 IS - 1 SN - 1040-8444, 1040-8444 KW - Teratogens KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Behavior, Animal -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Research KW - Behavior -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78534236?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Critical+reviews+in+toxicology&rft.atitle=Current+status+of+behavioral+teratology%3A+science+and+regulation.&rft.au=Kimmel%2C+C+A&rft.aulast=Kimmel&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Critical+reviews+in+toxicology&rft.issn=10408444&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-01-03 N1 - Date created - 1989-01-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of reproductive parameters in adult male Wistar rats after subchronic exposure (gavage) to benomyl. AN - 78505553; 3184198 AB - Proven-breeder 102-d-old male Wistar rats were gavaged daily with 0, 1, 5, 15, or 45 mg/kg.d benomyl. The animals were bred to untreated females after 62 d and killed after 76-79 d for evaluation of selected male reproductive end points. Minimal to moderate changes were observed in rats dosed with 45 mg/kg.d; these included decreased testis and epididymis weight, reduced cauda sperm reserves, decreased sperm production, increased numbers of decapitated spermatozoa, and increased numbers of seminiferous tubules containing multinucleated giant cells. Reproductive performance, seminal vesicle and prostate weight, sperm motility, serum luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, prolactin, and androgen binding protein were not affected by any of the dosages tested. Based on these end points, the no-effect level was 15 mg/kg.d. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health AU - Linder, R E AU - Rehnberg, G L AU - Strader, L F AU - Diggs, J P AD - Health Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 285 EP - 298 VL - 25 IS - 3 SN - 0098-4108, 0098-4108 KW - Carbamates KW - 0 KW - Hormones KW - Benomyl KW - TLW21058F5 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats, Inbred Strains KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Hormones -- analysis KW - Random Allocation KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Copulation -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Female KW - Benomyl -- toxicity KW - Genitalia, Male -- anatomy & histology KW - Spermatozoa -- cytology KW - Genitalia, Male -- drug effects KW - Spermatozoa -- drug effects KW - Spermatogenesis -- drug effects KW - Benomyl -- administration & dosage KW - Carbamates -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78505553?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+reproductive+parameters+in+adult+male+Wistar+rats+after+subchronic+exposure+%28gavage%29+to+benomyl.&rft.au=Linder%2C+R+E%3BRehnberg%2C+G+L%3BStrader%2C+L+F%3BDiggs%2C+J+P&rft.aulast=Linder&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=285&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health&rft.issn=00984108&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1988-12-20 N1 - Date created - 1988-12-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental Protection Agency actions to stimulate use of biotechnology for pollution control and cleanup. AN - 78494557; 3178644 JF - Basic life sciences AU - Williams, M E AD - Office of Solid Waste, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. 20460. Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 373 EP - 379 VL - 45 SN - 0090-5542, 0090-5542 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Environmental Pollution -- prevention & control KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - Environmental Pollution -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Government Agencies KW - Biotechnology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78494557?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Basic+life+sciences&rft.atitle=Environmental+Protection+Agency+actions+to+stimulate+use+of+biotechnology+for+pollution+control+and+cleanup.&rft.au=Williams%2C+M+E&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=&rft.spage=373&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Basic+life+sciences&rft.issn=00905542&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1988-11-01 N1 - Date created - 1988-11-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A CASE-SAR study of mammalian hepatic azoreduction. AN - 78399823; 3411634 AB - A group of 36 aryl azo dyes were examined for their ability to be reduced by rat liver microsomal azoreductase. This group of azo dyes featured a variety of substituents, including sulfonic acid, phenol, nitro, amide, and methyl functionalities on phenyl, alpha-naphthyl, and beta-naphthyl rings. Reduction rates for each dye were obtained using a spectrophotometric method and anaerobic incubation conditions. These rates ranged from 0 to 7.35 nmol dye reduced/min.mg protein. The reduction rates and dye structures provided the data for a CASE-SAR (computer automated structure evaluation-structure-activity relationship) fragment analysis, and three major structure fragments associated with the ability of this group of azo dyes to be reduced were identified. The three CASE fragments correctly label 92% of the azo dye structures as active or inactive and may be useful in future predictions of the ability of azo dyes to undergo reduction by rat liver azoreductase. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health AU - Nesnow, S AU - Bergman, H AU - Bryant, B J AU - Helton, S AU - Richard, A AD - Carcinogenesis and Metabolism Branch (MD-68), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 499 EP - 513 VL - 24 IS - 4 SN - 0098-4108, 0098-4108 KW - Azo Compounds KW - 0 KW - Coloring Agents KW - NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases KW - EC 1.6.- KW - azoreductase KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Oxidation-Reduction KW - Animals KW - Male KW - Structure-Activity Relationship KW - Azo Compounds -- metabolism KW - Microsomes, Liver -- metabolism KW - NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases -- metabolism KW - Coloring Agents -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78399823?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health&rft.atitle=A+CASE-SAR+study+of+mammalian+hepatic+azoreduction.&rft.au=Nesnow%2C+S%3BBergman%2C+H%3BBryant%2C+B+J%3BHelton%2C+S%3BRichard%2C+A&rft.aulast=Nesnow&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=499&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health&rft.issn=00984108&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1988-09-26 N1 - Date created - 1988-09-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mutagenic screening of marker grenade dyes by the Salmonella reversion assay, L5178Y/TK+/- mouse lymphoma assay, and in vivo sister chromatid exchange analysis in mice. AN - 78384343; 3044784 AB - Two dyes (C.I. Solvent Yellow No. 33 and a mixture of C.I. Solvent Yellow No. 33 and C.I. Solvent Green No. 3) were tested for mutagenicity in the Salmonella reversion assay and the L5178Y/TK+/- mouse lymphoma assay, and also for sister chromatid exchange (SCE) induction in vivo in C57B1/6J mice. In addition, a greater than 99.9% pure sample of the yellow dye [2-(2'-quinolyl)-1,3-indandione] was tested with and without exogenous activation in the Salmonella reversion assay and the L5178Y/TK+/- mouse lymphoma assay. Neither C.I. Solvent Yellow No. 33 nor the C.I. Solvent Yellow No. 33 and Solvent Green No. 3 mixture was positive for inducing SCEs in vivo. All three dyes were tested in the standard plate incorporation test in seven Salmonella strains TA98, TA100, TA102, TA104, TA1535, TA1537, and TA1538. The dyes were negative with and without exogenous activation in TA98, TA1535, and TA1538. One test with TA1537 was positive with the greater than 99.9% purified yellow dye. All three dyes gave weakly positive results (less than a twofold increase) with S-9 in TA100 and were clearly positive in TA102 and TA104 both with and without S-9. They also induced mutation at the thymidine kinase locus in mouse lymphoma cells, produced both large- and small-colony trifluorothymidine-resistant mutants, and were clastogenic. The purified yellow dye was further tested for SCE induction in mouse lymphoma cells and was determined to give a slightly positive response in the presence of S-9. JF - Environmental and molecular mutagenesis AU - Moore, M M AU - Allen, J W AU - Claxton, L AU - Doerr, C AU - Gwaltney, C AU - Dutcher, J S AU - Kohan, M AU - Lawrence, B K AU - Templeton, R AU - Westbrook-Collins, B AD - Genetic Toxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 219 EP - 233 VL - 12 IS - 2 SN - 0893-6692, 0893-6692 KW - Anthraquinones KW - 0 KW - Coloring Agents KW - Mutagens KW - Quinolines KW - Thymidine Kinase KW - EC 2.7.1.21 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - DNA Mutational Analysis KW - Sister Chromatid Exchange -- drug effects KW - In Vitro Techniques KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- drug effects KW - Mice KW - Thymidine Kinase -- genetics KW - Cytogenetics KW - Quinolines -- toxicity KW - Coloring Agents -- toxicity KW - Anthraquinones -- toxicity KW - Military Medicine UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78384343?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Mutagenic+screening+of+marker+grenade+dyes+by+the+Salmonella+reversion+assay%2C+L5178Y%2FTK%2B%2F-+mouse+lymphoma+assay%2C+and+in+vivo+sister+chromatid+exchange+analysis+in+mice.&rft.au=Moore%2C+M+M%3BAllen%2C+J+W%3BClaxton%2C+L%3BDoerr%2C+C%3BGwaltney%2C+C%3BDutcher%2C+J+S%3BKohan%2C+M%3BLawrence%2C+B+K%3BTempleton%2C+R%3BWestbrook-Collins%2C+B&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=219&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.issn=08936692&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1988-09-28 N1 - Date created - 1988-09-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - High concentrations of sodium chloride induce a "positive" response at the TK locus of L5178Y/TK+/- mouse lymphoma cells. AN - 78380931; 3409878 JF - Environmental and molecular mutagenesis AU - Moore, M M AU - Brock, K H AD - Genetic Toxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 265 EP - 268 VL - 12 IS - 2 SN - 0893-6692, 0893-6692 KW - Sodium Chloride KW - 451W47IQ8X KW - Thymidine Kinase KW - EC 2.7.1.21 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Mice KW - Lymphoma KW - Thymidine Kinase -- genetics KW - Mutagenicity Tests -- methods KW - Sodium Chloride -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78380931?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.atitle=High+concentrations+of+sodium+chloride+induce+a+%22positive%22+response+at+the+TK+locus+of+L5178Y%2FTK%2B%2F-+mouse+lymphoma+cells.&rft.au=Moore%2C+M+M%3BBrock%2C+K+H&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=265&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.issn=08936692&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1988-09-28 N1 - Date created - 1988-09-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rat liver foci and in vitro assays to detect initiating and promoting effects of chlorinated ethanes and ethylenes. AN - 78300109; 3389679 AB - Nine chlorinated aliphatics (CAs) were examined in a rat liver foci assay for tumor initiating and promoting activities. In this model, young adult male Osborne Mendel rats were first subjected to a partial hepatectomy, the test chemical was then administered at the maximum tolerated dose in the initiation or promotion phase in conjunction with diethylnitrosamine (DEN; 30 mg/kg b.w.) or phenobarbital (PB; 0.05 percent, w/w, in the diet), and gamma glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) was used as a putative preneoplastic indicator. When administered in the promotion protocol after initiation with DEN, 1,1-dichloroethane, 1,1,2-trichloroethane (1,1,2-TCE), 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (1,1,2,2-TTCE), tetrachloroethylene (TTCY), and hexachloroethane induced significant increases in GGT+-foci above control levels. 1,1,2,2-TTCE, TTCY, and 1,1,2-TCE also induced significant increases in GGT+-foci when administered in the promotion protocol without DEN initiation. Two variants of GGT+-foci were observed: the classical type associated with PB promotion, and the other, which was more diffuse, less intensely stained, resembling foci undergoing redifferentiation and associated with CAs. A number of CAs were also genotoxic in short-term in vitro tests. Taken together, the studies suggest that CAs may be complete carcinogens in vivo with weak initiating activity and stronger promoting activity. JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Milman, H A AU - Story, D L AU - Riccio, E S AU - Sivak, A AU - Tu, A S AU - Williams, G M AU - Tong, C AU - Tyson, C A AD - Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. 20460. Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 521 EP - 530 VL - 534 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Ethylene Dichlorides KW - 0 KW - Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated KW - Trichloroethanes KW - 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane KW - 1L6BI049XV KW - 1,1,2-trichloroethane KW - 28E9ERN9WU KW - hexachloroethane KW - G30K3QQT4J KW - Ethane KW - L99N5N533T KW - Tetrachloroethylene KW - TJ904HH8SN KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Mutagenicity Tests KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Cell Transformation, Neoplastic -- drug effects KW - Mice KW - Male KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Ethane -- toxicity KW - Trichloroethanes -- toxicity KW - Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated -- toxicity KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Ethylene Dichlorides -- toxicity KW - Ethane -- analogs & derivatives KW - Tetrachloroethylene -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78300109?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Rat+liver+foci+and+in+vitro+assays+to+detect+initiating+and+promoting+effects+of+chlorinated+ethanes+and+ethylenes.&rft.au=Milman%2C+H+A%3BStory%2C+D+L%3BRiccio%2C+E+S%3BSivak%2C+A%3BTu%2C+A+S%3BWilliams%2C+G+M%3BTong%2C+C%3BTyson%2C+C+A&rft.aulast=Milman&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=534&rft.issue=&rft.spage=521&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1988-08-04 N1 - Date created - 1988-08-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Variation in individual response--will it really affect the regulatory response? AN - 78200720; 3365223 JF - Basic life sciences AU - Cortesi, R S AD - Office of Exploratory Research, Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460. Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 281 EP - 284 VL - 43 SN - 0090-5542, 0090-5542 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - Maximum Allowable Concentration KW - Humans KW - Legislation as Topic KW - Phenotype KW - Genetic Variation KW - Environmental Health KW - Environmental Pollutants -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78200720?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Basic+life+sciences&rft.atitle=Variation+in+individual+response--will+it+really+affect+the+regulatory+response%3F&rft.au=Cortesi%2C+R+S&rft.aulast=Cortesi&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=&rft.spage=281&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Basic+life+sciences&rft.issn=00905542&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1988-06-03 N1 - Date created - 1988-06-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The relationship between exposure duration and sulfur dioxide-induced bronchoconstriction in asthmatic subjects. AN - 78110710; 3344675 AB - The purpose of this study was to determine the shortest duration of exposure to 1.0 ppm sulfur dioxide (SO2) sufficient to induce bronchoconstriction significantly greater than that observed with exposure to clean air (CA) in exercising SO2-sensitive asthmatics. Asymptomatic, nonmedicated, male asthmatics (n = 12) with airway hyperresponsiveness to both methacholine and SO2 were exposed in a chamber (20 degrees C, 40% relative humidity) for 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 5.0 min to both CA and 1.0 ppm SO2 on separate days (10 exposures). Just prior to each exposure, subjects walked on a treadmill in CA for 5 min at a predetermined speed/elevation to elicit a target ventilation of about 40 L/min, i.e., a brisk pace up a slight incline. After this walk, subjects rapidly entered an adjoining exposure chamber containing either CA or SO2 and immediately walked at the same speed/elevation for the specified exposure duration. Subjects then rapidly exited the chamber. Specific airway resistance (SRaw) and ratings of respiratory symptoms associated with asthma [shortness of breath/chest discomfort (SB/CD) and wheezing (WHZ)] were measured prior to any exercise and following each exposure. Postexposure SRaw and symptom ratings increased with increased exposure duration in SO2; postexposure SRaw also was increased with increased exposure duration in CA but to a lesser extent. After adjusting for the CA response, significantly greater SO2-induced bronchoconstriction was observed for the 2.0 and 5.0 min exposures as indicated by substantially greater increases in SRaw and substantially higher ratings of respiratory symptoms. The authors conclude that with the above exposure conditions, on average, SO2-sensitive asthmatics exhibit significant bronchoconstriction at exposure durations of 2.0 min or more. JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association journal AU - Horstman, D H AU - Seal, E AU - Folinsbee, L J AU - Ives, P AU - Roger, L J AD - Clinical Research Branch, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1988/01// PY - 1988 DA - January 1988 SP - 38 EP - 47 VL - 49 IS - 1 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - Sulfur Dioxide KW - 0UZA3422Q4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Spirometry KW - Airway Resistance KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Plethysmography KW - Time Factors KW - Male KW - Sulfur Dioxide -- adverse effects KW - Sulfur Dioxide -- administration & dosage KW - Asthma, Exercise-Induced -- physiopathology KW - Bronchi -- drug effects KW - Asthma -- physiopathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78110710?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.atitle=The+relationship+between+exposure+duration+and+sulfur+dioxide-induced+bronchoconstriction+in+asthmatic+subjects.&rft.au=Horstman%2C+D+H%3BSeal%2C+E%3BFolinsbee%2C+L+J%3BIves%2C+P%3BRoger%2C+L+J&rft.aulast=Horstman&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=38&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1988-04-01 N1 - Date created - 1988-04-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of the microscreen phage-induction assay to assess the genotoxicity of 14 hazardous industrial wastes. AN - 78099871; 2962869 AB - The Microscreen phage-induction assay, which quantitatively measures the induction of prophage lambda in Escherichia coli WP2s(lambda), was used to test 14 crude (unfractionated) hazardous industrial waste samples for genotoxic activity in the presence and absence of metabolic activation. Eleven of the 14 wastes induced prophage, and induction was observed at concentrations as low as 0.4 pg per ml. Comparisons between the ability of these waste samples to induce prophage and their mutagenicity in the Salmonella reverse mutation assay indicate that the phage-induction assay detected genotoxic activity in all but one of the wastes that were mutagenic in Salmonella. Moreover, the Microscreen assay detected as genotoxic five additional wastes that were not detected in the Salmonella assay. The applicability of the Microscreen phage-induction assay for screening hazardous wastes for genotoxic activity is discussed, as are some of the problems associated with screening highly toxic wastes containing toxic volatile compounds. JF - Environmental and molecular mutagenesis AU - Houk, V S AU - DeMarini, D M AD - Genetic Toxicology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 13 EP - 29 VL - 11 IS - 1 SN - 0893-6692, 0893-6692 KW - Hazardous Waste KW - 0 KW - Industrial Waste KW - Index Medicus KW - Viral Plaque Assay KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Escherichia coli KW - Bacteriophage lambda -- growth & development KW - Industrial Waste -- toxicity KW - Virus Replication -- drug effects KW - Mutagenicity Tests -- methods KW - DNA Damage KW - Hazardous Waste -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78099871?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Use+of+the+microscreen+phage-induction+assay+to+assess+the+genotoxicity+of+14+hazardous+industrial+wastes.&rft.au=Houk%2C+V+S%3BDeMarini%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Houk&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=13&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.issn=08936692&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1988-02-26 N1 - Date created - 1988-02-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A mutagenicity assessment of acetaldehyde. AN - 78093369; 3122032 AB - Acetaldehyde has been shown in studies by several different laboratories to be a clastogen (chromosome-breaking) and inducer of sister-chromatid exchanges in cultured mammalian cells (Chinese hamster cells and human lymphocytes). Although there have been very few studies in intact mammals, the available evidence suggests that acetaldehyde produces similar cytogenetic effects in vivo. The production of cytogenetic abnormalities may be related to the ability of acetaldehyde to form DNA-DNA and/or DNA-protein cross-links. Acetaldehyde apparently has not been evaluated for its ability to cause gene mutations in cultured mammalian cells, but it has been shown to produce sex-linked recessive lethals in Drosophila. In general, bacteria tests have been negative. Although acetaldehyde is a genotoxic cross-linking agent, it does not appear to cause DNA strand breaks. There were no studies available regarding the potential of acetaldehyde to produce genetic damage in mammalian germ cells in vivo. Most mutagenicity testing on acetaldehyde has been motivated by attempts to define the proximate mutagen in ethanol metabolism. JF - Mutation research AU - Dellarco, V L AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Washington, DC 20460. Y1 - 1988/01// PY - 1988 DA - January 1988 SP - 1 EP - 20 VL - 195 IS - 1 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Peroxides KW - 0 KW - Acetaldehyde KW - GO1N1ZPR3B KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Peroxides -- pharmacology KW - Mammals KW - DNA Damage KW - Humans KW - Bacteria -- drug effects KW - Plants -- drug effects KW - Mutagenicity Tests KW - Caenorhabditis -- drug effects KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Sister Chromatid Exchange -- drug effects KW - Drosophila melanogaster -- drug effects KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- drug effects KW - Acetaldehyde -- pharmacology KW - Acetaldehyde -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78093369?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=A+mutagenicity+assessment+of+acetaldehyde.&rft.au=Dellarco%2C+V+L&rft.aulast=Dellarco&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=195&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1988-02-17 N1 - Date created - 1988-02-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genotoxicity of acrylic acid, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, and ethyl methacrylate in L5178Y mouse lymphoma cells. AN - 78090797; 3338441 AB - A series of monomeric acrylate/methacrylate esters (methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, and ethyl methacrylate) as well as acrylic acid were examined for genotoxic activity in L5178Y mouse lymphoma cells without exogenous activation. All five compounds induced concentration-dependent increases in mutant frequency. Small-colony, trifluorothymidine-resistant mutants were primarily induced, which suggests that these compounds may act via a clastogenic mechanism. This prediction was confirmed by the finding that all five compounds produced gross chromosome aberrations in mouse lymphoma cells. The two acrylates were much more potent in their response than acrylic acid. Methyl acrylate (22 micrograms/ml, survival = 18%) induced 385 mutants/10(6) survivors (total mutant frequency less the spontaneous mutant frequency) and 45 chromosome aberrations/100 cells analyzed (total aberrations less the spontaneous background). Ethyl acrylate (37.5 micrograms/ml, survival = 15%) induced 683 mutants/10(6) survivors and 48 aberrations/50 cells analyzed. Acrylic acid (500 micrograms/ml, survival = 22%) induced 245 mutants/10(6) survivors and 37 aberrations/100 cells analyzed. The two methacrylates required higher concentrations to induce a positive response. Methyl methacrylate (2,799 micrograms/ml, survival = 11%) induced 230 mutants/10(6) survivors and 29 aberrations/200 cells analyzed. Ethyl methacrylate was extremely difficult to test because of a plateau in the dose response, over which the toxicity fluctuated from 2% to 37% survival. Positive responses (twice the spontaneous background) were only obtained at toxicity levels with less than approximately 20% survival. A concentration of 1,626 micrograms/ml (survival = 16%) induced 83 mutants/10(6) survivors and 11 aberrations/200 cells analyzed. The evidence suggests that the genotoxicity of these compounds is most likely due to a clastogenic mechanism. JF - Environmental and molecular mutagenesis AU - Moore, M M AU - Amtower, A AU - Doerr, C L AU - Brock, K H AU - Dearfield, K L AD - Mutagenesis and Cellular Toxicology Branch, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 49 EP - 63 VL - 11 IS - 1 SN - 0893-6692, 0893-6692 KW - Acrylates KW - 0 KW - Methacrylates KW - Mutagens KW - Thymidine Kinase KW - EC 2.7.1.21 KW - acrylic acid KW - J94PBK7X8S KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Mutagenicity Tests KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured KW - Cell Survival -- drug effects KW - Biotransformation KW - Mice KW - Leukemia L5178 KW - Thymidine Kinase -- genetics KW - Mutation -- drug effects KW - Methacrylates -- toxicity KW - Chromosome Aberrations KW - Acrylates -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78090797?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Genotoxicity+of+acrylic+acid%2C+methyl+acrylate%2C+ethyl+acrylate%2C+methyl+methacrylate%2C+and+ethyl+methacrylate+in+L5178Y+mouse+lymphoma+cells.&rft.au=Moore%2C+M+M%3BAmtower%2C+A%3BDoerr%2C+C+L%3BBrock%2C+K+H%3BDearfield%2C+K+L&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=49&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.issn=08936692&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1988-02-26 N1 - Date created - 1988-02-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Workshop on the relationship between short-term information and carcinogenicity; Williamsburg, Virginia, January 20-23, 1987. AN - 78077010; 2892674 JF - Environmental and molecular mutagenesis AU - Auletta, A AU - Ashby, J Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 135 EP - 145 VL - 11 IS - 1 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Mutagens KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - In Vitro Techniques KW - Forecasting KW - Congresses as Topic KW - Time Factors KW - Information Systems KW - Mutagenicity Tests -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78077010?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Workshop+on+the+relationship+between+short-term+information+and+carcinogenicity%3B+Williamsburg%2C+Virginia%2C+January+20-23%2C+1987.&rft.au=Auletta%2C+A%3BAshby%2C+J&rft.aulast=Auletta&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=135&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.issn=08936692&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1988-02-26 N1 - Date created - 1988-02-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acrylamide: its metabolism, developmental and reproductive effects, genotoxicity, and carcinogenicity. AN - 78076435; 3275881 AB - Monomeric acrylamide is an important industrial chemical primarily used in the production of polymers and copolymers. It is also used for producing grouts and soil stabilizers. Acrylamide's neurotoxic properties have been well documented. This review will focus on pertinent information concerning other, non-neurotoxic, effects observed after exposure to acrylamide, including: its genotoxic, carcinogenic, reproductive, and developmental effects. It will also cover its absorption, metabolism, and distribution. The data show that acrylamide is capable of inducing genotoxic, carcinogenic, developmental, and reproductive effects in tested organisms. Thus, acrylamide may pose more than a neurotoxic health hazard to exposed humans. Acrylamide is a small organic molecule with very high water solubility. These properties probably facilitate its rapid absorption and distribution throughout the body. After absorption, acrylamide is rapidly metabolized, primarily by glutathione conjugation, and the majority of applied material is excreted within 24 h. Preferential bioconcentration of acrylamide and/or its metabolites is not observed although it appears to persist in tests and skin. Acrylamide can bind to DNA, presumably via a Michael addition-type reaction, which has implications for its genotoxic and carcinogenic potential. The available evidence suggests that acrylamide does not produce detectable gene mutations, but that the major concern for its genotoxicity is its clastogenic activity. This clastogenic activity has been observed in germinal tissues which suggest the possible heritability of acrylamide-induced DNA alterations. Since there is 'sufficient evidence' of carcinogenicity in experimental animals as outlined under the U.S. EPA proposed guidelines for carcinogen risk assessment, acrylamide should be categorized as a 'B2' carcinogen and therefore be considered a 'probable human carcinogen.' The very limited human epidemiological data do not provide sufficient evidence to enable one to judge the actual carcinogenic risk to humans. Acrylamide is able to cross the placenta, reach significant concentrations in the conceptus and produce direct developmental and post-natal effects in rodent offspring. It appears that acrylamide may produce neurotoxic effects in neonates from exposures not overtly toxic to the mothers. Acrylamide has an adverse effect on reproduction as evidenced by dominant lethal effects, degeneration of testicular epithelial tissue, and sperm-head abnormalities. JF - Mutation research AU - Dearfield, K L AU - Abernathy, C O AU - Ottley, M S AU - Brantner, J H AU - Hayes, P F AD - Health and Environmental Review Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460. Y1 - 1988/01// PY - 1988 DA - January 1988 SP - 45 EP - 77 VL - 195 IS - 1 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Acrylamides KW - 0 KW - Acrylamide KW - 20R035KLCI KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Glutathione KW - GAN16C9B8O KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Fetus -- drug effects KW - Glutathione -- metabolism KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- drug effects KW - Mice KW - Chromosomes -- drug effects KW - Intestinal Absorption KW - Eukaryotic Cells -- drug effects KW - Pregnancy KW - DNA -- drug effects KW - Rats KW - Mutagenicity Tests KW - Neoplasms, Experimental -- chemically induced KW - Biotransformation KW - Abnormalities, Drug-Induced -- etiology KW - Female KW - Male KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects KW - Acrylamides -- pharmacokinetics KW - Acrylamides -- toxicity KW - Acrylamides -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78076435?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Acrylamide%3A+its+metabolism%2C+developmental+and+reproductive+effects%2C+genotoxicity%2C+and+carcinogenicity.&rft.au=Dearfield%2C+K+L%3BAbernathy%2C+C+O%3BOttley%2C+M+S%3BBrantner%2C+J+H%3BHayes%2C+P+F&rft.aulast=Dearfield&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=195&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=45&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1988-02-17 N1 - Date created - 1988-02-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acute and chronic toxicity of triphenyltin hydroxide to fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) following brief or continuous exposure. AN - 78038864; 15092602 AB - Fathead minnow larvae (Pimephales promelas) were exposed to triphenyltin hydroxide (TPTH) during brief (single pulse) or continuous exposure in 96-h and 30-day toxicity tests. The continuous exposure 96-h LC(50) value was 7.1 microg litre(-1). Brief exposures for 12 to 72-h gave 96-h LC(50) values that ranged from 61.8 to 6.0 microg litre(-1), respectively. The continuous exposure 30-day chronic effect concentration, based upon reduced growth, was 0.23 microg litre. Survival was significantly reduced at 2.0 microg litre(-1). Brief exposures for 24, 48, and 72-h in 30-day tests significantly reduced survival and growth at 13.0, 13.0 and 60.0 microg litre(-1) respectively. It is suggested that both toxicant concentration and exposure duration are important factors to consider in the risk assessment of potential pesticide hazards in the environment. JF - Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) AU - Jarvinen, A W AU - Tanner, D K AU - Kline, E R AU - Knuth, M L AD - US Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Research Laboratory-Duluth, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, Minnesota 55804, USA. Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 289 EP - 301 VL - 52 IS - 4 SN - 0269-7491, 0269-7491 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78038864?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+pollution+%28Barking%2C+Essex+%3A+1987%29&rft.atitle=Acute+and+chronic+toxicity+of+triphenyltin+hydroxide+to+fathead+minnows+%28Pimephales+promelas%29+following+brief+or+continuous+exposure.&rft.au=Jarvinen%2C+A+W%3BTanner%2C+D+K%3BKline%2C+E+R%3BKnuth%2C+M+L&rft.aulast=Jarvinen&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=289&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+pollution+%28Barking%2C+Essex+%3A+1987%29&rft.issn=02697491&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-01-12 N1 - Date created - 2004-04-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Threshold effect in lead-induced peripheral neuropathy. AN - 78020774; 2826742 AB - We previously demonstrated a negative correlation between blood lead level and motor nerve conduction velocity in 202 asymptomatic 5 to 9-year-old children living near a lead smelter in Idaho. Blood lead levels ranged from 13 to 97 micrograms/dL. To determine whether a threshold exists between blood lead level and maximal motor nerve conduction velocity, we conducted three regression analyses on these data: a "hockey stick" regression, a logistic regression, and a quadratic regression. We found evidence for a threshold in all three analyses: at a blood level of 30 micrograms/dL in the "hockey stick" regression, at 20 micrograms/dL in the logistic, and at 25 to 30 micrograms/dL in the quadratic. Neither age, sex, socioeconomic status, nor duration of residence near the smelter significantly modified the relationship. These analyses confirm that asymptomatic increased lead absorption causes slowing of nerve conduction, but they also indicate that measurement of maximal motor nerve conduction velocity is an insensitive screen for low-level lead toxicity. JF - The Journal of pediatrics AU - Schwartz, J AU - Landrigan, P J AU - Feldman, R G AU - Silbergeld, E K AU - Baker, E L AU - von Lindern, I H AD - United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. Y1 - 1988/01// PY - 1988 DA - January 1988 SP - 12 EP - 17 VL - 112 IS - 1 SN - 0022-3476, 0022-3476 KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Idaho KW - Humans KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Child KW - Peroneal Nerve -- physiopathology KW - Child, Preschool KW - Peripheral Nervous System Diseases -- physiopathology KW - Lead Poisoning -- blood KW - Peripheral Nervous System Diseases -- etiology KW - Neural Conduction KW - Lead Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - Lead -- blood KW - Lead Poisoning -- physiopathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78020774?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+pediatrics&rft.atitle=Threshold+effect+in+lead-induced+peripheral+neuropathy.&rft.au=Schwartz%2C+J%3BLandrigan%2C+P+J%3BFeldman%2C+R+G%3BSilbergeld%2C+E+K%3BBaker%2C+E+L%3Bvon+Lindern%2C+I+H&rft.aulast=Schwartz&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=112&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=12&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+pediatrics&rft.issn=00223476&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1988-02-23 N1 - Date created - 1988-02-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Wellhead Protection Program; current status and future directions AN - 52548638; 1998-069519 JF - Abstracts - Annual American Water Resources Association Conference AU - Roy, Steven P AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 154 PB - American Water Resources Association, [location varies] VL - 24 KW - protection KW - water quality KW - programs KW - wellhead protection KW - regulations KW - government agencies KW - Wellhead Protection Program KW - U. S. Environmental Protection Agency KW - pollution KW - water resources KW - ground water KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52548638?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+-+Annual+American+Water+Resources+Association+Conference&rft.atitle=The+Wellhead+Protection+Program%3B+current+status+and+future+directions&rft.au=Roy%2C+Steven+P%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Roy&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=&rft.spage=154&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+-+Annual+American+Water+Resources+Association+Conference&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Twenty-fourth annual American Water Resources Association conference; Water for the years ahead; quality and quantity; 1990 and beyond N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1998-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #04579 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - government agencies; ground water; pollution; programs; protection; regulations; U. S. Environmental Protection Agency; water quality; water resources; wellhead protection; Wellhead Protection Program ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Preliminary estimation of high radon potential areas in EPA regions 3 and 4 as indicated by geologic factors AN - 51668739; 2005-070391 JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Goodknight, Craig S AU - Peake, R Thomas AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 337 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 20 IS - 7 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - United States KW - geologic hazards KW - radioactivity KW - government agencies KW - U. S. Environmental Protection Agency KW - mapping KW - radon KW - environmental analysis KW - noble gases KW - metals KW - uranium KW - actinides KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51668739?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Preliminary+estimation+of+high+radon+potential+areas+in+EPA+regions+3+and+4+as+indicated+by+geologic+factors&rft.au=Goodknight%2C+Craig+S%3BPeake%2C+R+Thomas%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Goodknight&rft.aufirst=Craig&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=337&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America 1988 centennial celebration N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2005-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - actinides; environmental analysis; geologic hazards; government agencies; mapping; metals; noble gases; radioactivity; radon; U. S. Environmental Protection Agency; United States; uranium ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The coastal plain of the eastern and southern United States; an area of low radon potential AN - 51668464; 2005-070392 JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Peake, R Thomas AU - Gundersen, L C S AU - Wiggs, C R AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 337 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 20 IS - 7 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - United States KW - geologic hazards KW - pollutants KW - government agencies KW - U. S. Environmental Protection Agency KW - pollution KW - Texas KW - Southern Atlantic Coastal Plain KW - radon KW - coastal plains KW - Alabama KW - Central Atlantic Coastal Plain KW - noble gases KW - Tennessee KW - sediments KW - risk assessment KW - New Jersey KW - permeability KW - Atlantic Coastal Plain KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51668464?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=The+coastal+plain+of+the+eastern+and+southern+United+States%3B+an+area+of+low+radon+potential&rft.au=Peake%2C+R+Thomas%3BGundersen%2C+L+C+S%3BWiggs%2C+C+R%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Peake&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=337&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America 1988 centennial celebration N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2005-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Alabama; Atlantic Coastal Plain; Central Atlantic Coastal Plain; coastal plains; geologic hazards; government agencies; New Jersey; noble gases; permeability; pollutants; pollution; radon; risk assessment; sediments; Southern Atlantic Coastal Plain; Tennessee; Texas; U. S. Environmental Protection Agency; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characteristics of lakes in mountainous areas of the Western United States AN - 51439562; 2007-049974 JF - Verhandlungen - Internationale Vereinigung fuer Theoretische und Angewandte Limnologie = Proceedings - International Association of Theoretical and Applied Limnology AU - Eilers, Joseph M AU - Brakke, David F AU - Landers, Dixon H AU - Kellar, Penelope E A2 - Sladecek, V. Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 144 EP - 151 PB - E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart VL - 23, Part 1 SN - 0368-0770, 0368-0770 KW - United States KW - calcium KW - alkaline earth metals KW - sulfate ion KW - lakes KW - hydrochemistry KW - variations KW - sampling KW - Western U.S. KW - metals KW - carbon KW - surveys KW - acidification KW - alkalinity KW - organic carbon KW - geochemistry KW - pH KW - baseline studies KW - 02B:Hydrochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51439562?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Verhandlungen+-+Internationale+Vereinigung+fuer+Theoretische+und+Angewandte+Limnologie+%3D+Proceedings+-+International+Association+of+Theoretical+and+Applied+Limnology&rft.atitle=Characteristics+of+lakes+in+mountainous+areas+of+the+Western+United+States&rft.au=Eilers%2C+Joseph+M%3BBrakke%2C+David+F%3BLanders%2C+Dixon+H%3BKellar%2C+Penelope+E&rft.aulast=Eilers&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=23%2C+Part+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=144&rft.isbn=3510540298&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Verhandlungen+-+Internationale+Vereinigung+fuer+Theoretische+und+Angewandte+Limnologie+%3D+Proceedings+-+International+Association+of+Theoretical+and+Applied+Limnology&rft.issn=03680770&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - XXIII congress of the International Association for Theoretical and Applied Limnology N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2007-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 12 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 4 tables, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - PITLAB N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - acidification; alkaline earth metals; alkalinity; baseline studies; calcium; carbon; geochemistry; hydrochemistry; lakes; metals; organic carbon; pH; sampling; sulfate ion; surveys; United States; variations; Western U.S. ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Geotechnical data requirements for earthen hydraulic barriers AN - 50173047; 1995-020414 JF - Contaminated Soil ... International TNO/BMFT Conference on Contaminated Soil AU - Grube, Walter E, Jr A2 - Wolf, K. A2 - van den Brink, W. J. A2 - Colon, F. J. Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 579 EP - 584 PB - Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht - Boston - London VL - 2 KW - solute transport KW - soils KW - soil mechanics KW - hydraulics KW - landfills KW - pollution KW - compactness KW - waste management KW - testing KW - waste disposal KW - permeability KW - disposal barriers KW - design KW - 30:Engineering geology KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50173047?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Contaminated+Soil+...+International+TNO%2FBMFT+Conference+on+Contaminated+Soil&rft.atitle=Geotechnical+data+requirements+for+earthen+hydraulic+barriers&rft.au=Grube%2C+Walter+E%2C+Jr&rft.aulast=Grube&rft.aufirst=Walter&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=579&rft.isbn=9024737141&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Contaminated+Soil+...+International+TNO%2FBMFT+Conference+on+Contaminated+Soil&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Second international TNO/BMFT conference on Contaminated soil N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03844 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - compactness; design; disposal barriers; hydraulics; landfills; permeability; pollution; soil mechanics; soils; solute transport; testing; waste disposal; waste management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Studies of organic pollutant uptake by plants AN - 50172968; 1995-020398 JF - Contaminated Soil ... International TNO/BMFT Conference on Contaminated Soil AU - Bell, R M AU - Sferra, P R AU - Ryan, J R AU - Vitello, M P A2 - Wolf, K. A2 - van den Brink, W. J. A2 - Colon, F. J. Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 451 EP - 458 PB - Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht - Boston - London VL - 2 KW - chlorinated hydrocarbons KW - climatic controls KW - PCBs KW - aliphatic hydrocarbons KW - water vapor KW - vegetation KW - volatilization KW - absorption KW - transpiration KW - sediments KW - halogenated hydrocarbons KW - mobility KW - soils KW - organic materials KW - migration KW - concentration KW - Plantae KW - clastic sediments KW - roots KW - pollutants KW - pollution KW - partition coefficients KW - organic compounds KW - mathematical methods KW - dust KW - hydrocarbons KW - air KW - pesticides KW - pore water KW - aromatic hydrocarbons KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50172968?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Contaminated+Soil+...+International+TNO%2FBMFT+Conference+on+Contaminated+Soil&rft.atitle=Studies+of+organic+pollutant+uptake+by+plants&rft.au=Bell%2C+R+M%3BSferra%2C+P+R%3BRyan%2C+J+R%3BVitello%2C+M+P&rft.aulast=Bell&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=451&rft.isbn=9024737141&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Contaminated+Soil+...+International+TNO%2FBMFT+Conference+on+Contaminated+Soil&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Second international TNO/BMFT conference on Contaminated soil N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 35 N1 - Document feature - 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03844 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - absorption; air; aliphatic hydrocarbons; aromatic hydrocarbons; chlorinated hydrocarbons; clastic sediments; climatic controls; concentration; dust; halogenated hydrocarbons; hydrocarbons; mathematical methods; migration; mobility; organic compounds; organic materials; partition coefficients; PCBs; pesticides; Plantae; pollutants; pollution; pore water; roots; sediments; soils; transpiration; vegetation; volatilization; water vapor ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Status of solidification/stabilization in the United States and factors affecting its use AN - 50171191; 1995-020472 JF - Contaminated Soil ... International TNO/BMFT Conference on Contaminated Soil AU - Wiles, C C AU - Barth, E AU - de Percin, P A2 - Wolf, K. A2 - van den Brink, W. J. A2 - Colon, F. J. Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 947 EP - 956 PB - Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht - Boston - London VL - 2 KW - United States KW - hazardous waste KW - chlorinated hydrocarbons KW - binders KW - acetone KW - government agencies KW - tetrachloroethylene KW - waste management KW - chemical reactions KW - halogenated hydrocarbons KW - mobility KW - heavy metals KW - soils KW - stabilization KW - pollutants KW - U. S. Environmental Protection Agency KW - soil treatment KW - pollution KW - volatiles KW - organic compounds KW - hydrocarbons KW - xylene KW - testing KW - leaching KW - consolidation KW - aromatic hydrocarbons KW - ketones KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50171191?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Contaminated+Soil+...+International+TNO%2FBMFT+Conference+on+Contaminated+Soil&rft.atitle=Status+of+solidification%2Fstabilization+in+the+United+States+and+factors+affecting+its+use&rft.au=Wiles%2C+C+C%3BBarth%2C+E%3Bde+Percin%2C+P&rft.aulast=Wiles&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=947&rft.isbn=9024737141&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Contaminated+Soil+...+International+TNO%2FBMFT+Conference+on+Contaminated+Soil&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Second international TNO/BMFT conference on Contaminated soil N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 4 N1 - Document feature - 4 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03844 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - acetone; aromatic hydrocarbons; binders; chemical reactions; chlorinated hydrocarbons; consolidation; government agencies; halogenated hydrocarbons; hazardous waste; heavy metals; hydrocarbons; ketones; leaching; mobility; organic compounds; pollutants; pollution; soil treatment; soils; stabilization; testing; tetrachloroethylene; U. S. Environmental Protection Agency; United States; volatiles; waste management; xylene ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Demonstration of electric infrared incineration AN - 50170144; 1995-020455 JF - Contaminated Soil ... International TNO/BMFT Conference on Contaminated Soil AU - James, Stephen C A2 - Wolf, K. A2 - van den Brink, W. J. A2 - Colon, F. J. Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 843 EP - 844 PB - Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht - Boston - London VL - 2 KW - pollutants KW - effluents KW - pollution KW - dioxins KW - combustion KW - gases KW - volatiles KW - organic compounds KW - ash KW - thermal recovery KW - incineration KW - testing KW - electric infrared incineration KW - waste disposal KW - solid waste KW - heavy metals KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50170144?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Contaminated+Soil+...+International+TNO%2FBMFT+Conference+on+Contaminated+Soil&rft.atitle=Demonstration+of+electric+infrared+incineration&rft.au=James%2C+Stephen+C&rft.aulast=James&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=843&rft.isbn=9024737141&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Contaminated+Soil+...+International+TNO%2FBMFT+Conference+on+Contaminated+Soil&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Second international TNO/BMFT conference on Contaminated soil N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03844 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - ash; combustion; dioxins; effluents; electric infrared incineration; gases; heavy metals; incineration; organic compounds; pollutants; pollution; solid waste; testing; thermal recovery; volatiles; waste disposal ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alternative investigation techniques for ground water contamination sites; soil gas testing and spinner-logging/depth sampling; a case study AN - 50166385; 1995-020350 JF - Contaminated Soil ... International TNO/BMFT Conference on Contaminated Soil AU - Rosenbloom, Jeff AU - Carlson, Fritz A2 - Wolf, K. A2 - van den Brink, W. J. A2 - Colon, F. J. Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 179 EP - 188 PB - Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht - Boston - London VL - 2 KW - wells KW - United States KW - hazardous waste KW - water quality KW - migration KW - experimental studies KW - pollutants KW - pollution KW - drinking water KW - cost KW - ground water KW - volatilization KW - volatiles KW - organic compounds KW - solvents KW - transmissivity KW - sampling KW - Arizona KW - volatile organic compounds KW - testing KW - waste disposal KW - soil gases KW - flowmeters KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50166385?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Contaminated+Soil+...+International+TNO%2FBMFT+Conference+on+Contaminated+Soil&rft.atitle=Alternative+investigation+techniques+for+ground+water+contamination+sites%3B+soil+gas+testing+and+spinner-logging%2Fdepth+sampling%3B+a+case+study&rft.au=Rosenbloom%2C+Jeff%3BCarlson%2C+Fritz&rft.aulast=Rosenbloom&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=179&rft.isbn=9024737141&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Contaminated+Soil+...+International+TNO%2FBMFT+Conference+on+Contaminated+Soil&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Second international TNO/BMFT conference on Contaminated soil N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. sects., 1 table, sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03844 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Arizona; cost; drinking water; experimental studies; flowmeters; ground water; hazardous waste; migration; organic compounds; pollutants; pollution; sampling; soil gases; solvents; testing; transmissivity; United States; volatile organic compounds; volatiles; volatilization; waste disposal; water quality; wells ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The environmental analysis of hazardous waste sites AN - 50146741; 2009-090160 JF - Abstracts, Annual Meeting - Association of American Geographers AU - La Courreye, Paul AU - Roberts, Rose Fabia AU - Rainman, Kermit Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 104 PB - Association of American Geographers, Washington, DC VL - 1988 SN - 0197-1700, 0197-1700 KW - hazardous waste KW - programs KW - Superfund KW - waste disposal sites KW - pollution KW - risk assessment KW - interpretation KW - possibilities KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50146741?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts%2C+Annual+Meeting+-+Association+of+American+Geographers&rft.atitle=The+environmental+analysis+of+hazardous+waste+sites&rft.au=La+Courreye%2C+Paul%3BRoberts%2C+Rose+Fabia%3BRainman%2C+Kermit&rft.aulast=La+Courreye&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=1988&rft.issue=&rft.spage=104&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts%2C+Annual+Meeting+-+Association+of+American+Geographers&rft.issn=01971700&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 1988 Association of American Geographers annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2009-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - hazardous waste; interpretation; pollution; possibilities; programs; risk assessment; Superfund; waste disposal sites ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biorestoration of aquifers contaminated with organic compounds AN - 50076613; 1996-013733 JF - Critical Reviews in Environmental Control AU - Lee, M D AU - Thomas, J M AU - Borden, R C AU - Bedient, P B AU - Ward, C H AU - Wilson, J T Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 29 EP - 89 PB - CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL VL - 18 IS - 1 SN - 1040-838X, 1040-838X KW - thallophytes KW - chlorinated hydrocarbons KW - water quality KW - agricultural waste KW - soil vapor extraction KW - chemical waste KW - air sparging KW - drinking water KW - remediation KW - ground water KW - ozone KW - water treatment KW - oil spills KW - ozonation KW - halogenated hydrocarbons KW - water use KW - concentration KW - biodegradation KW - Plantae KW - in situ KW - chemical dispersion KW - soil venting KW - pollutants KW - drainage KW - injection KW - soil treatment KW - pollution KW - mathematical models KW - bioremediation KW - aquifers KW - organic compounds KW - biogenic processes KW - infiltration KW - bacteria KW - industrial waste KW - hydrogen peroxide KW - trichloroethylene KW - waste disposal KW - water resources KW - microorganisms KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50076613?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Critical+Reviews+in+Environmental+Control&rft.atitle=Biorestoration+of+aquifers+contaminated+with+organic+compounds&rft.au=Lee%2C+M+D%3BThomas%2C+J+M%3BBorden%2C+R+C%3BBedient%2C+P+B%3BWard%2C+C+H%3BWilson%2C+J+T&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=29&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Critical+Reviews+in+Environmental+Control&rft.issn=1040838X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1996-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 272 N1 - PubXState - FL N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 9 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agricultural waste; air sparging; aquifers; bacteria; biodegradation; biogenic processes; bioremediation; chemical dispersion; chemical waste; chlorinated hydrocarbons; concentration; drainage; drinking water; ground water; halogenated hydrocarbons; hydrogen peroxide; in situ; industrial waste; infiltration; injection; mathematical models; microorganisms; oil spills; organic compounds; ozonation; ozone; Plantae; pollutants; pollution; remediation; soil treatment; soil vapor extraction; soil venting; thallophytes; trichloroethylene; waste disposal; water quality; water resources; water treatment; water use ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Aquatic Toxicology: Ten Years in Review and a Look at the Future AN - 19273595; 8910043 AB - A review of the publications from the first eight American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Aquatic Toxicology symposia indicates a maturation of the participants and the science. Publications on methods have decreased while more encompassing papers on perspective have increased. Vast improvements have occurred in aquatic toxicity testing laboratories in the areas of water treatment systems, diluter efficiency and dependability, data recording and retrieval, test animal culture and maintenance techniques, and electronic devices. Consensus test methods have been developed for evaluating aquatic hazards. Although the toxicity of chemicals can be accurately defined by performing tests of increasing complexity, the fate of chemicals is more difficult to determine. The challenge for the next decade is for environmental chemists to define exposure as precisely as toxicity has been measured in the past decade. Regulators must be educated as to the relevance and significance of the relationship between aquatic toxicology and environmental concentrations of toxicants in order to perform hazard assessments. Aquatic toxicology has advanced to the point where advanced, multivariate statistics must be used to evaluate effects beyond survival, growth, and reproduction. By using all data in a statistically sound manner, chronic no-effect concentrations may be predicted from acute data. Predictions outside known data may decrease precision of estimates but not necessarily the accuracy of the estimates. We do not live in a risk free world, and all options must be considered in deciding how and where to dispose of wastes. The cost of required environmental toxicity and fate studies must be included in any environmental protection formula. (See also W89-10042) (White-Reimer-PTT) JF - Aquatic Toxicology and Hazard Assessment: 10th Volume. American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia PA. 1988. p 7-25, 1 tab, 12 fig, 17 ref. AU - Parrish, PR AU - Dickson, K L AU - Hamelink, J L AU - Kimerle, R A AU - Macek, K J AD - Environmental Protection Agency Gulf Breeze, FL. Gulf Breeze Environmental Research Lab Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Toxicology KW - Water pollution effects KW - Toxicity KW - Contamination KW - Pollutants KW - Path of pollutants KW - Environmental effects KW - Environmental quality KW - Symposium KW - Data processing KW - Waste disposal KW - Aquatic environment KW - Aquatic habitats KW - Bioindicators KW - Pollutant identification KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19273595?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Aquatic+Toxicology%3A+Ten+Years+in+Review+and+a+Look+at+the+Future&rft.au=Parrish%2C+PR%3BDickson%2C+K+L%3BHamelink%2C+J+L%3BKimerle%2C+R+A%3BMacek%2C+K+J&rft.aulast=Parrish&rft.aufirst=PR&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Short-Term Chronic Toxicity Test Using Daphnia Magna AN - 19273283; 8910084 AB - A test method was developed in response to the need for a short-term chronic cladoceran test designed to fit into the normal work week and reduce the amount of weekend work. The test consisted of using ten-day-old Daphnia magna in a seven-day short-term chronic toxicity test instead of the Ceriodaphnia short-term test. The test was started on Friday so that weekend work was limited to feeding. Five tests, using sodium pentachlorophenate, conducted during the development of the method gave test results similar to those previously reported for Daphnia magna chronic tests and comparable to Ceriodaphnia short-term tests conducted at the U.S. Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory, Cincinnati. The advantages of using D. magna as an alternate to Ceriodaphnia include: (1) they are much better known both taxonomically and ecologically because of their long use as test organisms; (2) they are much easier to handle and counting of the neonates is much faster; (3) culturing and testing methods are better defined; (4) food requirements are better understood; (5) test media need not be changed daily; and (6) the test can be conducted with about half the man hours needed for the Ceriodaphnia test (the Ceriodaphnia test takes about 15 to 20 man hours while the Daphnia magna test requires about 9 or 10 man hours. (See also W89-10042) (White-Reimer-PTT) JF - Aquatic Toxicology and Hazard Assessment: 10th Volume. American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia PA. 1988. p 548-555, 2 tab, 16 ref. AU - Lewis, P A AU - Horning, W B AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH. Aquatic Biology Section Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Toxicity KW - Bioassay KW - Bioindicators KW - Water pollution effects KW - Toxicology KW - Testing procedures KW - Daphnia KW - Crustaceans KW - Sodium pentachlorophenate KW - Laboratory animals KW - Culturing techniques KW - SW 3010:Identification of pollutants KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19273283?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Short-Term+Chronic+Toxicity+Test+Using+Daphnia+Magna&rft.au=Lewis%2C+P+A%3BHorning%2C+W+B&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Partitioning of Toxic Organic Compounds on Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant Solids AN - 19096575; 9003594 AB - Preliminary studies have shown that partitioning of municipal wastewater treatment plant solids was not affected by solids-to-liquid ratio. Kinetic data on sorption of toxic organic compounds on wastewater treatment plant solids showed an initial rapid uptake followed by a slower rate over an extended period of time. Freeze-dried solids did not exhibit the same sorption characteristics as viable biomass. A correlation between sorption of toxic organics on wastewater treatment plant solids and octanol/water partition coefficient has been established. The relationship should be useful for estimating the removal of toxic organic compounds in municipal and industrial wastewater treatment plants by the sorption mechanism. The correlation also provides a basis for predicting concentrations of toxic compounds in various sludges provided the equilibrium concentration in the aqueous phase is known (or assumed). (See also W90-03562) (Lantz-PTT) JF - Biotechnology for Degradation of Toxic Chemicals in Hazardous Wastes. Noyes Data Corporation, Park Ridge New Jersey. 1988. p 584-600, 5 fig, 4 tab, 22 ref. AU - Dobbs, R A AU - Jelus, M AU - Cheng, KY AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Separation techniques KW - Poisons KW - Wastewater facilities KW - Sludge solids KW - Organic compounds KW - Sorption KW - Solids KW - Municipal wastewater KW - Wastewater treatment KW - Hazardous wastes KW - Kinetics KW - Biomass KW - Biological wastewater treatment KW - Statistical analysis KW - Biological treatment KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19096575?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Partitioning+of+Toxic+Organic+Compounds+on+Municipal+Wastewater+Treatment+Plant+Solids&rft.au=Dobbs%2C+R+A%3BJelus%2C+M%3BCheng%2C+KY&rft.aulast=Dobbs&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biological Treatment of Toxics in Wastewater: The Problems and Opportunities AN - 19093971; 9003563 AB - The toxicity impact on receiving water ecosystems, bioaccumulative uptake of toxics into the food chain, and effects of toxic discharges in wastewater effluents on the water quality of drinking water are strong factors driving the demand for improved technology for control of toxics. Ongoing EPA research should soon provide the scientific tools to support regulatory action by defining the environmental fate and effects and the health risk of toxics, by identifying the presence of toxics and toxicity in water and wastewater, and by tracing the toxics or toxicity to their sources. Effective toxics risk management through risk reduction, however, will require successful improvement of control technology. The EPA is thus addressing 3 major approaches to improve control technology for managing toxics in wastewater--partitioning (sorption) on solids and biomass, volatilization (air stripping and surface desorption), and biodegradation (aerobic and anaerobic). The costs for satisfactory control of the toxics will drive the EPA and the researchers in control technology to search for increasingly efficient and innovative technology. Systems engineering techniques will evolve to provide the tools for selection of technically effective and least costly combinations of control technology in industrial and municipal wastewater treatment and pretreatment and water treatment to meet the water quality and food chain requirements. (See also W90-03562) (Lantz-PTT) JF - Biotechnology for Degradation of Toxic Chemicals in Hazardous Wastes. Noyes Data Corporation, Park Ridge New Jersey. 1988. p 1-24, 3 fig, 7 tab, 33 ref. AU - Bishop, D F AU - Jaworski, NA AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Biological treatment KW - Detoxification KW - Wastewater treatment KW - Biological wastewater treatment KW - Toxicity KW - Costs KW - Economic aspects KW - Environmental protection KW - Research priorities KW - Risk assessment KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19093971?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Biological+Treatment+of+Toxics+in+Wastewater%3A+The+Problems+and+Opportunities&rft.au=Bishop%2C+D+F%3BJaworski%2C+NA&rft.aulast=Bishop&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Organic Chemical Waste Characterization for Marine Disposal of Black Rock Harbor Dredged Materials AN - 19069949; 8906726 AB - A waste characterization test was designed to determine the actual contaminants in dredged materials that are bioavailable. Unlike many smaller freshwater streams, marine habitats frequently are regulated on the basis of waste bioaccumulation potential. This implies that traditional chemical characterization of sediments may provide data that are not appropriate for marine systems. A waste characterization procedure was sought that would determine those contaminants in sediment that could bioaccumulate. A highly contaminated urban harbor sediment from Black Rock Harbor, Bridgeport, Connecticut, was chosen as the test material. The marine bivalve Mytilus edulis was exposed to suspended dredged material for 28 days in a flow-through exposure system. Exposed organisms then were extracted and analyzed for bioavailable, low-polarity contaminants by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS). All separable GC/MS peaks were tentatively identified. These tentatively identified contaminants were analyzed subsequently in the dredged material and quantified when appropriate standards were available. Compounds identified by this waste characterization procedure are assured of being both present in the dredged material and biologically available. (See also W89-06705) (Author 's abstract) JF - Chemical and Biological Characterization of Municipal Sludges, Sediments, Dredge Spoils, and Drilling Muds. American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia PA. 1988. p 213-222, 5 fig, 4 tab, 13 ref. AU - Rogerson, P F AD - Environmental Protection Agency Narragansett, RI. Environmental Research Lab Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Bioaccumulation KW - Bioavailability KW - Pollutant identification KW - Tissue analysis KW - Spoil banks KW - Marine sediments KW - Connecticut KW - Black Rock Harbor KW - Mussels KW - Gas chromatography KW - Mass spectroscopy KW - Wastewater analysis KW - SW 3010:Identification of pollutants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19069949?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Organic+Chemical+Waste+Characterization+for+Marine+Disposal+of+Black+Rock+Harbor+Dredged+Materials&rft.au=Rogerson%2C+P+F&rft.aulast=Rogerson&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sludge and Risk Assessment AN - 19067939; 8906706 AB - As a by-product of treatment systems, sludge represents an intentional concentration of inorganic and reduced organic materials that deliberately has been prevented from entering rivers, lakes, oceans, or other receiving media because past experience and scientific evidence show them to be pollutants of concern. Sludges can contain toxic, pathogenic, and other environmentally hazardous substances at concentrations far higher than found in either untreated waste or plant effluent. Drilling muds and dredged materials may range from being considered ' completely safe ' to ' significantly toxic. ' The history of risk assessment at EPA has been variable over the years since the mid-1970s. In 1984, a risk assessment/risk management framework began to prevail at EPA, and workshops were developed to acquaint nonscientists to become more familiar with the process. A state-of-the-art health risk assessment at EPA attempts to accomplish four steps: (1) hazard identification, (2) dose-response assessment, (3) exposure assessment, and (4) risk characterization. (See also W89-06705) (Rochester-PTT) JF - Chemical and Biological Characterization of Municipal Sludges, Sediments, Dredge Spoils, and Drilling Muds. American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia PA. 1988. p 2-6. AU - Ehreth, D J AU - Jutro, PR AD - Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC. Office of Research and Development Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Sludge KW - Chemical analysis KW - Risks KW - Sludge disposal KW - Environmental Protection Agency KW - Policy making KW - Decision making KW - Workshops KW - Standards KW - History KW - Stochastic process KW - Mathematical studies KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes KW - SW 3010:Identification of pollutants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19067939?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Sludge+and+Risk+Assessment&rft.au=Ehreth%2C+D+J%3BJutro%2C+PR&rft.aulast=Ehreth&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analytical Procedures for the Determination of Disperse Azo Dyes AN - 19067338; 8903615 AB - The development of methods for the analytical determination of Disperse Blue 79 and any possible degradation products in wastewater involved various phases. The first step was the purification of commercial material or presscake to obtain a standard for quantitative determination. Phase two involved the extraction of the dye from the matrices. Distilled water was used as the first spiking media and then raw effluent wastewater , waste activated sludge and anaerobic digestor effluent were spiked with Disperse Blue 79 and subjected to extraction methods. The third phase was the actual testing of the Disperse Blue 79 in the waste activated sludge system and anaerobic digestor. Recovery of the dye and any degradation products at each sampling point was the goal of this phase. Several potential degradation products were monitored, including bromodinitroaniline which could result from reduction followed by cleavage of the azo bond and bromonitrodiaminobenzene. A project to monitor the fate of Disperse Red 1 revealed degradation products associated with both reduction of a nitro group and the azo linkage. Tandem mass spectrometric methods were used in conjunction with thermospray ionization to obtain additional structural information on possible degradation products. (See also W89-03595) (Miller-PTT) JF - Preprints of Papers Presented at the 196th ACS National Meeting. Vol. 28 No. 2. Division of Environmental Chemistry, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC. 1988. p 184-185. EPA contract 68-03-3249. AU - Betowski, L D AU - Jones, T L AU - Munslow, W AU - Nunn, N J AD - Environmental Protection Agency Las Vegas, NV Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Chemical analysis KW - Dyes KW - Wastewater treatment KW - Activated sludge process KW - Anaerobic digestion KW - Disperse Blue 79 dye KW - Disperse Red 1 dye KW - Wastewater analysis KW - Spectrometry KW - Monitoring KW - Dye industry wastes KW - Degradation products KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - SW 3010:Identification of pollutants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19067338?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Analytical+Procedures+for+the+Determination+of+Disperse+Azo+Dyes&rft.au=Betowski%2C+L+D%3BJones%2C+T+L%3BMunslow%2C+W%3BNunn%2C+N+J&rft.aulast=Betowski&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Establishing and Meeting Ground Water Protection Goals in the Superfund Program AN - 19064649; 8913200 AB - Under the National Contingency Plan, remedial actions at Superfund sites shall meet or exceed all applicable or relevant and appropriate federal requirements and consider other pertinent federal criteria, advisories, and guidances and state standards. Federal requirements that may be applicable are included in the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act Subpart F regulations. Determinations of groundwater protection levels may be based on a site-specific risk assessment. The Safe Drinking Water and Clean Water acts resulted in the development of maximum concentration levels and goals, health advisories, and water quality criteria for the protection of public health. In addition, the Environmental Protection Agency 's groundwater protection strategy specifies that groundwater should be protected differentially based on characteristics of vulnerability, use, and value. Source control measures should facilitate the achievement of long-term remediation objectives and goals. The Environmental Protection Agency 's guidance document for feasibility studies under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act calls for the development, screening, and detailed evaluation of alternatives proposed for remedial actions. The performance goal of each groundwater alternative should be expressed in terms of a cleanup concentration and a time period for the restoration for all locations in the area of attainment. Factors that influence the decision as to which remedial action alternative to select and implement for carcinogens and noncarcinogens include health risks, feasibility of providing alternative water supplies, current use of groundwater, potential needs, institutional controls and the ability to monitor. Other factors may include limiting the extent of the contamination, its impact on environmental receptors, the technical practicability of alternative implementation, and the alternative 's cost. The remedial process must be flexible, allowing changes in the remedy based on the performance of several years of operation. (See also W89-13198) (Hammond-PTT) JF - Hazardous Waste Site Management: Water Quality Issues. National Academy Press. Washington DC. 1988. p 22-30, 4 fig, 5 ref. AU - Barth, E F AU - Hanson, W AU - Shaw, E A AD - Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Cleanup operations KW - Water quality standards KW - Water quality control KW - Water pollution control KW - Regulations KW - Water law KW - Environmental policy KW - Legislation KW - Superfund KW - Legal aspects KW - Contamination KW - Public policy KW - Remedies KW - Economic aspects KW - Federal jurisdiction KW - Groundwater management KW - Standards KW - Hazardous materials KW - Institutional constraints KW - Carcinogens KW - Risk assessment KW - Public health KW - SW 3050:Ultimate disposal of wastes KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - SW 0840:Groundwater UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19064649?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Establishing+and+Meeting+Ground+Water+Protection+Goals+in+the+Superfund+Program&rft.au=Barth%2C+E+F%3BHanson%2C+W%3BShaw%2C+E+A&rft.aulast=Barth&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Climatological Variability of Sulfur Depositions in Europe AN - 19064191; 8906486 AB - The climatological variability in historical and projected sulfur deposition levels for Europe have been simulated using a simple source-receptor model (RCDM) that runs on a personal computer using an extended period of wind and precipitation data. The variability in historical temperature and precipitation data has been analyzed to assess the representativeness of the limited meteorological period used in the EMEP model (1978-1982). A match-up between 40 selected EMEP (European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme)monitoring sites and the closest climatological station showed that 5-yr average for the EMEP period (1978-1982) and the 35-yr precipitation amounts in generally good agreement for the majority of sites. Comparisons between the RCDM model simulations using the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) base 1980 SO2 emissions and the 1978-1982 average precipitation amounts showed the model predictions were generally within a factor of two of the EMEP concentrations and depositions at 40 selected sites. The sensitivity of model evaluation results to free parameter tuning and the appropriateness of the resulting free parameters requires more analysis. The total sulfur depositions at the IIASA receptors predicted by the RCDM model under base year 1980 emissions showed very small differences between the predicted total sulfur depositions for the 1978-1982 EMEP period and the 1951-1985 normal period. The long-period variability in annual total sulfur depositions simulated by the RCDM with constant emissions showed the largest fluctuations in the mid-1970s and showed that the means and C.V.s were not significantly different between the time periods of interest. It is recommended that additional source areas for the Soviet Union be added to the model and the sensitivity to country emission and area centroid locations be explored. (Author 's abstract) JF - Water, Air, and Soil Pollution WAPLAC Vol. 40, No. 1-2, p 79-94, 1988. 10 fig, 5 tab, 17 ref. AU - Niemann, B L AD - Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC. Office of Air and Radiation Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Air pollution KW - Climatology KW - Acid rain KW - Sulfur KW - Europe KW - Deposition KW - Model studies KW - Water pollution sources KW - Air temperature KW - Precipitation KW - Meteorological data collection KW - Soviet Union KW - Model testing KW - Wind KW - SW 5080:Evaluation, processing and publication KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - SW 0815:Precipitation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19064191?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Climatological+Variability+of+Sulfur+Depositions+in+Europe&rft.au=Niemann%2C+B+L&rft.aulast=Niemann&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - U.S. Sludge Management Guidelines Explained AN - 19063933; 8906707 AB - The EPA is developing comprehensive technical regulations under the Clean Water Act Section 405(d) on the reuse and disposal of municipal wastewater sludge. The reuse and disposal options are land application (including distribution and marketing), landfilling, incineration, and ocean disposal. Key questions to be addressed by EPA are identified and the tasks and major steps to pursue in answering these key questions are outlined. The EPA has developed a work plan for generating the technical regulations for reuse/disposal options; there are three tasks: (1) identification of pollutants of concern, (2) development of risk assessment methodologies, and (3) use of the outputs of tasks (1) and (2) to yield degrees of risk for specific applications and disposal rates. Documents aimed at summarizing the results of the three tasks will cover the following topics: fate and transport of pollutants, site-specific factors, economic evaluations and benefit analyses, compliance monitoring requirements, intermedia analysis, and description of data gaps. (See also W89-06705) (Rochester-PTT) JF - Chemical and Biological Characterization of Municipal Sludges, Sediments, Dredge Spoils, and Drilling Muds. American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia PA. 1988. p 9-12. AU - Fradkin, L AU - Bruins, RJF AU - Stara, J F AU - Rubin, AB AU - Lomnitz, ED AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH. Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Sludge KW - Sludge disposal KW - Policy making KW - Risks KW - Environmental Protection Agency KW - Public health KW - Decision making KW - Administrative regulations KW - Landfills KW - Incineration KW - Land application KW - Ocean dumping KW - Clean Water Act KW - SW 3050:Ultimate disposal of wastes KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19063933?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=U.S.+Sludge+Management+Guidelines+Explained&rft.au=Fradkin%2C+L%3BBruins%2C+RJF%3BStara%2C+J+F%3BRubin%2C+AB%3BLomnitz%2C+ED&rft.aulast=Fradkin&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analytical Methods Necessary to Implement Risk-based Criteria for Chemicals in Municipal Sludge AN - 19063268; 8906744 AB - The Ambient Water Quality Criteria that were promulgated by the EPA in 1980 included water concentration levels that, for many pollutants, were so low as to be unmeasurable by standard analytical methods. Criteria for controlling toxics in municipal sludge likely would pose similar problems of sampling and analysis. Risk assessment methodologies recently developed by the EPA provide criteria derivation procedures for each of the following sludge management practices: land application (including distribution and marketing), landfilling, incineration, and ocean disposal. These methodologies recommend that numerical limits on toxicant concentrations in sludge, or on rates of toxicant disposal, should be used to minimize risk to human health and the environment. Implementation of these numerical criteria would require refinement of sampling and analytical techniques for sludges, and various types of field validation studies would be needed to ensure that the criteria are appropriately protective. (See also W89-0 ) (Author 's abstract) JF - Chemical and Biological Characterization of Municipal Sludges, Sediments, Dredge Spoils, and Drilling Muds. American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia PA. 1988. p 465-471, 18 ref. AU - Bruins, RJF AU - Fradkin, L AU - Stara, J F AU - Peirano, W B AU - Molak, V AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH. Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Sludge disposal KW - Risks KW - Water quality standards KW - Toxins KW - Wastewater analysis KW - Land application KW - Ocean dumping KW - Landfills KW - Incineration KW - Sampling KW - Public health KW - SW 3050:Ultimate disposal of wastes KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19063268?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Analytical+Methods+Necessary+to+Implement+Risk-based+Criteria+for+Chemicals+in+Municipal+Sludge&rft.au=Bruins%2C+RJF%3BFradkin%2C+L%3BStara%2C+J+F%3BPeirano%2C+W+B%3BMolak%2C+V&rft.aulast=Bruins&rft.aufirst=RJF&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Status of the U.S. EPA 's Sediment Quality Criteria Development Effort AN - 19063242; 8906708 AB - In July, 1984, under the authority of the Clean Water Act, the EPA initiated an effort to develop sediment quality criteria. This effort was initiated with a workshop in which a variety of experts worked to identify and approach by which the Agency could develop numerical sediment quality criteria. Efforts are under way to evaluate, modify, and verify the approach selected by the workshop using literature reviews, bioassays, data analysis, and field verification studies. The near-term goal of this effort is to present the findings of the activity to the EPA 's Science Advisory Board for review and eventual approval. Specific activities over the last 2 yr have covered the following: review of methodologies, national perspective using STORET, sediment criteria development workshop, theory elaboration, toxicity testing protocol, development of screening level considerations, technical steering committee meetings, preliminary field verification study, uncertainty analysis, sampling guidance, and regulatory options. Future activities will cover general regulatory considerations, nonpolar organic compounds, and metals. A flowchart of sediment quality criteria development is presented. (See also W89-06705) (Rochester-PTT) JF - Chemical and Biological Characterization of Municipal Sludges, Sediments, Dredge Spoils, and Drilling Muds. American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia PA. 1988. p 13-17, 1 fig. AU - Zarba, C S AD - Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Sediments KW - Environmental Protection Agency KW - Water quality standards KW - Pollutant identification KW - Administrative regulations KW - Policy making KW - Workshops KW - Clean Water Act KW - SW 3050:Ultimate disposal of wastes KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19063242?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Status+of+the+U.S.+EPA+%27s+Sediment+Quality+Criteria+Development+Effort&rft.au=Zarba%2C+C+S&rft.aulast=Zarba&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risk Due to Radionuclides in Drinking Water AN - 19062353; 8903606 AB - Estimates of risk due to radionuclides in drinking water require knowledge of occurrence and dose-response relationships for humans. Using information presented at a workshop (published as the May 1985 issue of Health Physics) and more recent additional information, the risk due to radionuclides in drinking water has been evaluated. The estimated annual population risks (the number of fatalities per year in the United States) are: (1) 226Ra - 3 to 60 excess cases, (2) 228Ra - 3 to 60 excess cases, (3) natural uranium - 1 to 10 excess cases, (4) 222Ra - 80 to 800 excess cases, and (5) 90Sr - 0.2 to 1 excess cases. (See also W89-03595) (Author 's abstract) JF - Preprints of Papers Presented at the 196th ACS National Meeting. Vol. 26 No. 2. Division of Environmental Chemistry, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC. 1988. p 149-150. 1 tab. AU - Cothern, C R AU - Milvy, P AD - Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste Management Programs Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Radioisotopes KW - Drinking water KW - Risks KW - Human diseases KW - Water pollution effects KW - Uranium KW - Strontium KW - Radium KW - Radionuclides KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19062353?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Risk+Due+to+Radionuclides+in+Drinking+Water&rft.au=Cothern%2C+C+R%3BMilvy%2C+P&rft.aulast=Cothern&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modeling Contaminant Propagation in Drinking Water Distribution Systems AN - 19060947; 8900929 AB - The development of models that can be used to understand the temporal and spatial variation in contaminant levels that may be found in distribution systems is described. Model development was accomplished via a cooperative research program between the EPA and the North Penn Water Authority. The North Penn Water Authority serves 14,500 customers in 10 municipalities, with an average of 5 million gallons of water per day and is located north of Philadelphia, PA. Steady state, quasi-steady state, time of passage and dynamic models are described. A round the clock sampling program was conducted to calibrate the model. Based on the results of the research, it is clear that modeling of contaminant propagation can provide useful insights into system behavior. It was found that an indepth understanding of the behavior of the hydraulics of the system was essential to provide effective and representative modeling. It was also concluded that properly collected field data is important in developing, verifying and understanding predictive models. (Author 's abstract) JF - Aqua AQUAAA No. 3, p 137-151, 1988. 18 fig, 2 tab, 13 ref. AU - Clark, R M AU - Grayman, WM AU - Males, R M AU - Coyle, JA AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Path of pollutants KW - Model studies KW - Contamination KW - Drinking water KW - Water distribution KW - Water pollution KW - Temporal distribution KW - Spatial distribution KW - SW 5080:Evaluation, processing and publication KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19060947?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Modeling+Contaminant+Propagation+in+Drinking+Water+Distribution+Systems&rft.au=Clark%2C+R+M%3BGrayman%2C+WM%3BMales%2C+R+M%3BCoyle%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of Benthic Oxygen Flux Measurements in Wasteload Allocation Studies AN - 19058636; 8906743 AB - Effects of benthic activities on stream oxygen balances are often overlooked in municipal wasteload allocations (WLAs). To improve dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration predictions for the central Scioto River, Ohio, benthic oxygen flux (BOF) rates were incorporated into the QUAL-2e water quality model by measuring the BOF rates in situ with opaque and translucent hemispherical chambers under the low-flow conditions of late September 1985. The average light and dark chamber BOF rates were 6.46 g O2/sq m/day and -2.74 g O2/sq m/day, respectively. The net BOF rate applied to the model was 1.74 g O2/sq m/day, corrected for water column demands. Measurements conducted during variable weather conditions showed a strong influence of cloud cover on BOF rates. The inclusion of the BOF term in the calibrated model resulted in a predicted DO increase as high as 1.15 mg/L in some stream segments, compared with 0.08 gm/L for planktonic photosynthesis. The BOF rates used in the QUAL-2e WLA model improved the DO predictions for the Scioto River. (See also W89-06705) (Author 's abstract) JF - Chemical and Biological Characterization of Municipal Sludges, Sediments, Dredge Spoils, and Drilling Muds. American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia PA. 1988. p 450-462, 3 fig, 6 tab, 20 ref. AU - Davis, W S AU - Brosnan, T M AU - Sykes, R M AD - Environmental Protection Agency Chicago, IL. Region V Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Water analysis KW - Wastewater analysis KW - Municipal wasteload allocations KW - Pollution load KW - Dissolved oxygen KW - Benthic oxygen flux KW - Scioto River KW - Ohio KW - Prediction KW - Weather KW - Photosynthesis KW - Algae KW - Plankton KW - Model studies KW - SW 3050:Ultimate disposal of wastes KW - SW 3010:Identification of pollutants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19058636?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Use+of+Benthic+Oxygen+Flux+Measurements+in+Wasteload+Allocation+Studies&rft.au=Davis%2C+W+S%3BBrosnan%2C+T+M%3BSykes%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chemical Analysis of Distribution and Marketing (D and M) Municipal Sludges AN - 19056240; 8903642 AB - The occurrence of chemicals in distribution and marketing sludges was determined to provide a data base of priority pollutant metals and organics from sludges produced at facilities in 26 cities across the U.S. Efforts were also made to characterize non-target organic chemicals in sample extracts from each city using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Of the 15 trace metals analyzed, all but beryllium and thallium were detected 100% of the time in all 67 composite samples. Beryllium as at low but detectable concentrations in 97% of the samples, but thallium was never detected. Volatile priority pollutant organics were rarely detected, hence this group of compounds appears to have little significance in sludge products. Relatively few of the extractable priority pollutant organics were detected in any of the samples. Bis-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate was detected in all samples; two-, three- and four-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols, chlordane, and DDT metabolites were found in several samples. Six other compounds were detected in one sample each. The polychlorinated biphenyl mixture, Aroclor 1248, was detected in two samples. The gas chromatography/mass spectrometry characterization of major organic components in 26 sludge extracts did not reveal any new compounds. There was a preponderance of compounds which belong to aliphatic, phenolic, and carboxylic acid classes; and baseline hump characteristic of petroleum residues was apparent in the majority of samples. (See also W89-03595) (Miller-PTT) JF - Preprints of Papers Presented at the 196th ACS National Meeting. Vol. 28 No. 2. Division of Environmental Chemistry, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC. 1988. p 366-367. 5 ref. AU - Coleman, W E AU - Baird, R AU - Gabrielian, S M AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH. Drinking Water Research Div Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Toxic wastes KW - Chemical analysis KW - Sludge disposal KW - Municipal wastewater KW - Biodegradation KW - Organic compounds KW - Metals KW - Trace metals KW - Wastewater treatment KW - Phenols KW - DDT KW - Polychlorinated biphenyls KW - Chlordanes KW - Halogenated pesticides KW - Gas chromatography KW - Aromatic compounds KW - SW 3050:Ultimate disposal of wastes KW - SW 3010:Identification of pollutants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19056240?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Chemical+Analysis+of+Distribution+and+Marketing+%28D+and+M%29+Municipal+Sludges&rft.au=Coleman%2C+W+E%3BBaird%2C+R%3BGabrielian%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Coleman&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Gene Probes as a Tool for the Detection of Specific Genomes in the Environment AN - 19056169; 8910044 AB - Gene probes have the potential for becoming a powerful tool in monitoring specific organisms and genes in environmental samples and providing a cost-effective, simple tool for monitoring the distribution and abundance of specific organisms. This methodology is especially significant due to the concern about the fate and effects of genetically engineered organisms (GEMs) in the environment. The full utilization of gene probes is currently limited by technical difficulties pertaining to their sensitivity, specificity, and universality. The ability to probe specific DNA sequences directly from the environment, to include concentration steps, and to enrich specific sequences by affinity chromatography would increase sensitivity. The careful preparation of specific probes which cover all possible genetic determinants is possible through molecular genetics, and would improve the specificity and universality of the method. The direct application of probes to environmental samples by using autoradiography may become possible through a better understanding of the fate of naked DNA in the environment. This methodology would reduce the excessive sample handling which currently complicates the statistical analysis of the observations. (See also W89-10042) (White-Reimer-PTT) JF - Aquatic Toxicology and Hazard Assessment: 10th Volume. American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia PA. 1988. p 29-36, 3 tab, 1 fig, 21 ref. AU - Barkay, T AU - Sayler, G S AD - Environmental Protection Agency Gulf Breeze, FL. Gulf Breeze Environmental Research Lab Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Monitoring KW - Laboratory equipment KW - Instrumentation KW - Bioindicators KW - Water quality KW - Gene probes KW - Aquatic populations KW - Microorganisms KW - Distribution KW - Autoradiography KW - DNA KW - Fate of pollutants KW - Path of pollutants KW - Chromatography KW - Genetically engineered organisms KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - SW 3010:Identification of pollutants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19056169?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Gene+Probes+as+a+Tool+for+the+Detection+of+Specific+Genomes+in+the+Environment&rft.au=Barkay%2C+T%3BSayler%2C+G+S&rft.aulast=Barkay&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Legal Aspects of the Source-Receptor Relationship: An Agency Perspective AN - 19055267; 8910967 AB - How effectively or ineffectively the Clean Air Act operates to deal with the long-range transport issue is examined. The key mechanism is the regulations relating to existing sources under Sections 108, 109 and 110 of the Act, representing a three-step process. It starts with the listing of a pollutant, based on criteria set out in 108. Once the pollutant criteria are selected, the Administrator has further the duty to establish both primary and secondary ambient air quality standards for that particular pollutant. From there, once the standard is established, the next step is the implementation of the standard itself, through the Section 110 process for establishing State Implementation Plans (SIPs). In a field like acid rain, where there is a range of effects about which only scattered and incomplete information is available, the EPA is not presented with a nice, neat basis for an informed regulatory judgement. In such a case, the ongoing SO2 and particulate standard reviews that are underway must be considered, and are at different stages of progress. The sulfur dioxide standard is presently under review and a proposal package should be out within the next year or so. This review tends to emphasize the cumbersome nature of the process. Much of this is inherent in the ambient standard process, which starts from a cause and effect relationship and works back to the source. Some have suggested that life would have been a lot simpler if Congress had crafted an Air Act that was more akin to the Water Act, using a technology-based approach. The Agency is presently faced with a statute that was crafted originally in 1970, with 1977 refinements, to gauge basically localized pollution problems based on the ambient approach established in the 108, 109 and 110 process. It is just not well-suited to the kind of phenomenon being dealt with here. The situation therefore remains, where Congress must press on to obtain the knowledge needed to make informed judgements on what type of regulatory program, if any, is appropriate to address the acid rain phenomenon. (See also W89-10965) (Lantz-PTT) JF - Acid Rain: The Relationship between Sources and Receptors. Elsevier Science Publishers New York. 1988. p 27-30. AU - Carter, C S AD - Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC. Air and Radiation Div Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Path of pollutants KW - Administrative agencies KW - Air pollution control KW - Legal aspects KW - Water pollution sources KW - Acid rain KW - Legislation KW - Water pollution control KW - Clean Air Act KW - Clean Water Act KW - Regulations KW - Water quality standards KW - Planning KW - Air pollution effects KW - Particulate matter KW - Reviews KW - Technology KW - Environmental policy KW - Environmental quality KW - Surveys KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - SW 4050:Water law and institutions UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19055267?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Legal+Aspects+of+the+Source-Receptor+Relationship%3A+An+Agency+Perspective&rft.au=Carter%2C+C+S&rft.aulast=Carter&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Recent Developments in Technology for Removing Radionuclides from Drinking Water AN - 19055189; 8903609 AB - Two treatment methods for the removal of radium, uranium and radon from drinking water are being applied to treat both community water supplies and individual home water supplies: (1) granular activated carbon, and (2) aeration. Concerns have been raised regarding external radiation from household granular activated carbon systems and the buildup of radionuclides within the carbon. Shielding devices are being examined to minimize the amount of radiation adjacent to these systems. Studies are also being conducted to determine the amount and location of the radon decay products. Aeration has also been found to be very effective for radon removal. Pilot plant tests have shown that bubble aeration, packed tower aeration and spray aeration are good, practical methods for radon removal, particularly for small communities. Radium, uranium and radon are all naturally occurring contaminants in groundwater. While the EPA drinking water regulations apply only to community water supply systems and not to individual home water supplies, concerns still exist for homeowners. To solve these problems, point-of-use/point-of-entry treatment systems are available to remove all three contaminants. A very important aspect of treatment is the removal of waste residuals from the treatment processes. Because these wastes contain radionuclides, concerns for their disposal have been raised by federal, state and local agencies. Several states have developed regulations for the disposal of radium sludges and brines and other states are considering similar action. (See also W89-03595) (Miller-PTT) JF - Preprints of Papers Presented at the 196th ACS National Meeting. Vol. 26 No. 2. Division of Environmental Chemistry, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC. 1988. p 157-158. AU - Sorg, T J AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Radioisotopes KW - Drinking water KW - Water treatment KW - Radium KW - Radon KW - Uranium KW - Activated carbon KW - Aeration KW - Radioactive waste disposal KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19055189?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Recent+Developments+in+Technology+for+Removing+Radionuclides+from+Drinking+Water&rft.au=Sorg%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=Sorg&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Superfund AN - 19053380; 8911900 AB - In response to public concern over poor past disposal practices of hazardous wastes and the thousands of uncontrolled waste sites throughout the United States, in December 1980 Congress enacted the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act, PL96-510, commonly known as CERCLA or Superfund. This Act was a result of the wide publicity that sites such as Love Canal, Valley of the Drums, and Stringfellow had received that made the public aware that uncontrolled hazardous waste sites were either causing harm to the public health and environment or were a potential threat. The Superfund Act was enacted in part because of the recognition that the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, commonly referred to as RCRA or Solid Waste Act, provided a regulatory program for active hazardous waste facilities but not inactive sites. The Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act, PL 99-499, called SARA, were adopted October 17,1986. This Act established a new fund of $8.5 billion over a five-year period beginning January 1 , 1987. Superfund defines a ' hazardous substance ' as: (1) any substance designated as a hazardous pollutant under Section 311 of the Clean Air Act; (2) any toxic pollutant listed under Section 307(a) of the Clean Water Act; (3) any hazardous air pollutant listed under Section 112 of the Clean Air Act; (4) any hazardous waste under RCRA; (5) any imminently hazardous chemical substance or mixture with regard to which the EPA Administrator has taken action under Section 7 of the Toxic Substance Control Act (TSCA); and (6) any substance designated as hazardous under Section 102 of Superfund. ' Reportable quantities ' have been promulgated for 442 hazardous substances based on scientific criteria relating to the risk posed by a release of that substance. The cornerstone of Superfund is the National Contingency Plan (NCP). The plan establishes the procedures, and standards, for responding to releases of hazardous substances, pollutants, and contaminants. In addition, it contains the National Priority List (NPL) which indicates those sites that present the greatest danger to public health. Removal actions are undertaken when the EPA determines that there is a threat to public health or welfare or the environment. SARA places a limit on removal actions of $2 million and/or the lapse of 12 months from the date of the initial removal, unless it is found that circumstances warrant continued action. (See also W89-11898) (Lantz-PTT) JF - Hazardous and Toxic Materials: Safe Handling and Disposal. John Wiley and Sons New York. 1988. p 281-307, 9 fig, 4 tab, 11 ref. AU - Hill, R D AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Legislation KW - Superfund KW - Regulations KW - Cleanup operations KW - Hazardous wastes KW - Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability KW - Act KW - Standards KW - Water pollution treatment KW - Risk assessment KW - Public health KW - Environmental protection KW - Waste disposal KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - SW 4050:Water law and institutions UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19053380?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Superfund&rft.au=Hill%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Hill&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development, Evaluation, and Use of the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedures (TCLP) AN - 19052655; 8906719 AB - The EPA introduced the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) in an effort to expand the capability of the Extraction Procedure (EP) leaching test to address organic components (including volatiles) and to address some operational problems. The TCLP has been proposed for use in the Land Disposal Restrictions Rule and will soon be proposed in the expansions of the EP Toxicity Characteristic. Both actions were mandated by the Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments of 1984. The TCLP is described in terms of its development, evaluation, and use. Data are presented regarding precision and ruggedness, and several operational aspects of the procedure are described in detail. Emphasis is placed on a comparison of the existing EP to the TCLP in terms of additional operational and analytical requirements. Aspects of the test being examined for possible improvement also are discussed. (See also W89-06705) (Author 's abstract) JF - Chemical and Biological Characterization of Municipal Sludges, Sediments, Dredge Spoils, and Drilling Muds. American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia PA. 1988. p 129-140, 3 fig, 2 tab, 14 ref. AU - Kimmell, T A AD - Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure KW - Pollutant identification KW - Administrative regulations KW - Land disposal KW - Chemical analysis KW - Leaching KW - Toxicity KW - Comparison studies KW - Performance evaluation KW - SW 3010:Identification of pollutants KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19052655?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Development%2C+Evaluation%2C+and+Use+of+the+Toxicity+Characteristic+Leaching+Procedures+%28TCLP%29&rft.au=Kimmell%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=Kimmell&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genetically Engineered Microorganisms in the Aquatic Environment: Environmental Safety Assessment AN - 19050456; 8910046 AB - Genetically engineered microorganisms (GEMs) may find their way into the aquatic environment either by direct release into that environment or, after use on land, by way of surface runoff and soil seepage into groundwaters, streams, lakes, and estuaries. Since experience with the deliberate release of GEMs is very limited, it is necessary to develop approaches for risk assessment of the potential adverse effects that could be caused by the introduction of a large number of novel microorganisms into the aquatic environment. Several models applicable to the risk assessment of GEMs in the aquatic environment exist that vary in their predictive value from purely qualitative to quantitative. None of the quantitative models has yet been validated. Therefore, the exact prediction of the fate and transport of GEMs is not yet possible. However, semiquantitative estimates based on characteristics that can be determined in a contained environment, such as a greenhouse or aquatic microcosm , can be made. These include the survival function in the aquatic environment, survival in the soil environment, and adsorption to soil particles. Each GEM has to be evaluated for a particular aquatic environment of deliberate release because the survival function may depend on the properties of the GEM, the initial concentration of GEM at the application site, and the properties of the aquatic environment. This risk assessment is that of ' critical mass, ' defined as the number of GEMs applied at a specific site that would result in replacement of endogenous microorganisms. (See also W89-10042) (White-Reimer-PTT) JF - Aquatic Toxicology and Hazard Assessment: 10th Volume. American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia PA. 1988. p 43-50, 3 fig, 18 ref. AU - Molak, V AU - Stara, J F AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH. Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Fate of pollutants KW - Path of pollutants KW - Environmental effects KW - Microorganisms KW - Genetic engineering KW - Environmental control KW - Microbial degradation KW - Microbiological studies KW - Bacterial physiology KW - DNA KW - Aquatic bacteria KW - Model studies KW - Risks KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19050456?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Genetically+Engineered+Microorganisms+in+the+Aquatic+Environment%3A+Environmental+Safety+Assessment&rft.au=Molak%2C+V%3BStara%2C+J+F&rft.aulast=Molak&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Drinking Water Microbiology Research in the United States: an Overview of the Past Decade AN - 19049323; 8911083 AB - The passage of the Safe Drinking Water Act in 1974 significantly influenced microbiological, chemical and engineering research on drinking water quality in the United States. Microbiological quality research during the past 10 years encompassed the two basic areas of treatment and distribution. Much of the treatment research focused on generation of data to support the evaluation of turbidity and coliform maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) for the Interim Primary Drinking Water Standards. Major efforts were also directed toward disinfection, research on enteric viruses, pathogenic bacteria and the protozoan pathogen, Giardia lamblia. Basic distribution system studies examined the occurrence of heterotrophic bacterial numbers and types in treated and untreated distribution waters, and coliform occurrence and colonization problems. Methodology developments bridged both treatment and distribution, and included enteric virus detection methods, injured coliform recovery, heterotrophic bacteria enumeration, and giardia cyst detection. Knowledge gained from the research efforts of the past decade has resulted in new challenges and opportunities to improve drinking water quality. (Author 's abstract) JF - Water Science and Technology WSTED4 Vol. 20, No. 11/12, p 101-107, 1988. 49 ref. AU - Reasoner, D J AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH. Drinking Water Research Div Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Microbiological studies KW - Reviews KW - Water conveyance KW - Water treatment KW - Drinking water KW - Potable water KW - Water quality KW - Water quality control KW - Human pathogens KW - Water quality standards KW - Water law KW - Legislation KW - Administrative regulations KW - Protozoa KW - Coliforms KW - Viruses KW - Bacteria KW - Turbidity KW - Heterotrophic bacteria KW - Giardia KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19049323?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Drinking+Water+Microbiology+Research+in+the+United+States%3A+an+Overview+of+the+Past+Decade&rft.au=Reasoner%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Reasoner&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxicity Testing of Drilling Fluids: Assessing Laboratory Performance and Variability AN - 19049301; 8906737 AB - The Analysis and Evaluation and the Industrial Technology Divisions in the Office Water Regulations and Standards and the EPA Gulf Breeze (Florida) Laboratory worked together to develop a protocol for a drilling fluid toxicity test using mysids (Mysidopsis bahia) to support the New Source Performance Standards/Best Available Technology Economically Achievable (NSPS/BAT) Effluent Guideline for the offshore segment of the oil and gas extraction industry. To evaluate the laboratory performance of this toxicity test, the EPA obtained data from 10 laboratories. Each laboratory applied the toxicity test protocol to an EPA-provided sample of the same well-mixed, pretested batch of drilling fluid. The results of the toxicity test for each laboratory were compared with the results of a concurrent test by the EPA. The statistical procedures for comparison and evaluation of inter- and intralaboratory differences are presented, including a SAS macro package for parametric dose-response models. (See also W89-06705) (Author 's abstract) JF - Chemical and Biological Characterization of Municipal Sludges, Sediments, Dredge Spoils, and Drilling Muds. American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia PA. 1988. p 334-374, 4 fig, 10 tab, 24 ref, 2 append. EPA Contract 68-01-6912, SAIC Subproject No. 2-834-37-632-XX, Work Assignments E-25 and G-34. AU - Bailey, R C AU - Eynon, B P AD - Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC. Office of Water Regulations and Standards Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Quality assurance KW - Crustaceans KW - Toxicity KW - Bioassay KW - Drilling fluids KW - Pollutant identification KW - Hydrocarbons KW - Comparison studies KW - Performance evaluation KW - Standards KW - Environmental Protection Agency KW - Oil industry KW - Statistics KW - Computer programs KW - SW 3010:Identification of pollutants KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19049301?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Toxicity+Testing+of+Drilling+Fluids%3A+Assessing+Laboratory+Performance+and+Variability&rft.au=Bailey%2C+R+C%3BEynon%2C+B+P&rft.aulast=Bailey&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Water Quality-Based Controls and Ecosystem Recovery AN - 19037047; 8809460 AB - A new toxics guidance is the first comprehensive attempt of the Environmental Protection Agency to include the concept of ecosystem-level hazard assessment in the water quality-based control process. The Technical Support Document describes an integrated strategy for implementing new water quality criteria in National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permits using both biomonitoring (effluent bioassays, ambient biological surveys) and chemical-specific (individual pollutant) modeling techniques. Also for the first time, an ecological rather than an operational rationale is presented for defining critical parameters for exposure and waste load allocation modeling. This paper summarizes the background for developing this rationale and describes how ecosystem recovery is now being considered in defining and implementing water quality criteria. (See also W88-09457) (Lantz-PTT) JF - Rehabilitating Damaged Ecosystems. Volume II. CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton Florida. 1988. p 87-96, 3 tab, 28 ref. AU - Plafkin, J L AD - Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC. Monitoring and Data Support Div Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Regulations KW - Ecosystems KW - Water pollution control KW - Self-purification KW - Reclamation KW - Toxicity KW - Hazardous wastes KW - Monitoring KW - Bioassay KW - Bioaccumulation KW - Management planning KW - National Pollution Discharge Elimination System KW - Environmental Protection Agency KW - Standards KW - Bioassays KW - Model studies KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - SW 4010:Techniques of planning KW - SW 4050:Water law and institutions UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19037047?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Water+Quality-Based+Controls+and+Ecosystem+Recovery&rft.au=Plafkin%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Plafkin&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxicity Reduction at Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants AN - 19028592; 8804885 AB - Treatment plants receiving wastewaters from domestic/commercial sources and receiving wastewater from domestic/commercial + industrial sources were evaluated to assess toxicity reduction and determine the importance of source. Seven-day renewal fathead minnow survival and Ceriodaphnia survival and reproduction tests were applied to raw wastewater, unchlorinated , chlorinated, and dechlorinated secondary effluents. All plant influents were toxic and all plant influents showed some residual toxicity. Influent toxicity of the two plant categories was similar. The plant receiving the most toxic influents showed the largest reduction in toxicity and had the least toxic effluents. Toxicity at plants with little industrial wastewater flow was not reduced. Nitrification was reduced at one plant and a high metals concentration occurred at another plant. Toxicity reduction and industrial waste flow did not correlate strongly. Consideration of effluent percentage flow contribution in the receiving waters suggested that potential biological impacts could occur in the reeving waters of the Cuyahoga River at Akron and Great Miami River at Piqua (Ohio). (Author 's abstract) JF - Journal - Water Pollution Control Federation JWPFA5 Vol. 60, No. 1, p 57-67, January 1988. 1 fig, 8 tab, 35 ref. AU - Neiheisel, T W AU - Horning, W B AU - Austern, B M AU - Bishop, D F AU - Reed, T L AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH. Aquatic Biology Section Y1 - 1988/01// PY - 1988 DA - Jan 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Activated sludge KW - Industrial wastewater KW - Toxicity KW - Secondary wastewater KW - Wastewater treatment KW - Bioassay KW - Nitrification KW - Ohio KW - Cladocera KW - Fish KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19028592?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Toxicity+Reduction+at+Municipal+Wastewater+Treatment+Plants&rft.au=Neiheisel%2C+T+W%3BHorning%2C+W+B%3BAustern%2C+B+M%3BBishop%2C+D+F%3BReed%2C+T+L&rft.aulast=Neiheisel&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental Protection in the United States Pulp, Paper, and Paperboard Industry: An Overview of Regulation of Wastewater under the U.S. Clean Water Act AN - 19025973; 8810309 AB - The pulp, paper, and paperboard industry in the United States is the largest industrial user of water, with half of the facilities discharging wastewater directly. The major pollutants of concern have historically been the conventional pollutants: biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), total suspended solids (TSS), and pH. Biological treatment systems are currently employed to reduce these pollutants. Sludges generated by these treatment systems have been categorized as nonhazardous and are generally landfilled. Under the Clean Water Act, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has promulgated all the required regulations for this industry. The national regulations are applied to individual pulp and paper mills through permits issued by EPA Regional or State staff. Permit limits can be written that are more restrictive than the national regulations to protect local water quality. In its current projects concerning the pulp and paper industry, EPA is focusing on the reduction of toxic pollutants. The Agency is conducting a joint EPA/industry program to study dioxin discharges at bleached kraft mills. The Agency will also undertake a comprehensive review of the pulp and paper regulations in 1988. (Author 's abstract) JF - Water Science and Technology WSTED4 Vol. 20, No. 1, p 1-7, 1988. AU - Hanmer, R W AD - Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC. Office of the Assistant Administrator for Water Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Environmental protection KW - Pulp and paper industry KW - United States KW - Water pollution control KW - Regulations KW - Clean Water Act KW - Wastewater KW - Permits KW - Protection KW - Administrative regulations KW - Industrial wastewater KW - Wastes KW - Industrial wastes KW - Pulp wastes KW - Reviews KW - Legal aspects KW - Water quality management KW - Sludge disposal KW - Technology KW - Standards KW - Water quality standards KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19025973?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Environmental+Protection+in+the+United+States+Pulp%2C+Paper%2C+and+Paperboard+Industry%3A+An+Overview+of+Regulation+of+Wastewater+under+the+U.S.+Clean+Water+Act&rft.au=Hanmer%2C+R+W&rft.aulast=Hanmer&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Capacity of Aquatic Bacteria To Act as Recipients of Plasmid DNA AN - 19025403; 8807000 AB - A total of 68 gram-negative freshwater bacterial isolates were screened for their ability to receive and express plasmids from Pseudomonas aeruginosa donors. The plate mating technique identified 26 of the isolates as recipient active for the self-transmissible wide-host-range plasmid R68; 10 were recipient active by R68 mobilization for the wide-host-range plasmid cloning vector R1162. Frequencies of transfer were compared by using three conjugal transfer procedures: broth, plate, and filter mating. For every recipient tested, a solid environment was superior to a liquid environment for transfer. The broth mating technique failed to demonstrate R68 transfer in 63% of the recipient-active isolates. Filter mating, in general, yielded the highest transfer frequencies. The more-rapid plate mating procedure, however, was just as sensitive for testing the capacity of natural isolates to participate in conjugal plasmid transfer. (Author 's abstract) JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AEMIDF Vol. 54, No. 1, p 115-117, January 1988. 2 tab, 12 ref. AU - Genthner, F J AU - Chatterjee, P AU - Barkay, T AU - Bourquin, A W AD - Environmental Protection Agency Gulf Breeze, FL. Gulf Breeze Environmental Research Lab Y1 - 1988/01// PY - 1988 DA - Jan 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Environmental effects KW - Genetic engineering KW - Water pollution sources KW - Path of pollutants KW - Bacterial physiology KW - Plasmid transfer KW - Pseudomonas KW - Culturing techniques KW - Bacteria KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19025403?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Capacity+of+Aquatic+Bacteria+To+Act+as+Recipients+of+Plasmid+DNA&rft.au=Genthner%2C+F+J%3BChatterjee%2C+P%3BBarkay%2C+T%3BBourquin%2C+A+W&rft.aulast=Genthner&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Arctic Pedogenesis: 2. Threshold-Controlled Subsurface Leaching Episodes AN - 19021020; 8807172 AB - The analysis of soil solutions generated by a large, isolated, summer rainstorm in the boreal forest of arctic Alaska has provided direct evidence for threshold-controlled subsurface translocation in soils. Intense leaching apparently initiates progressive weakening and eventual breakdown of amorphous particle coatings in the Bs horizon. The result is a highly punctuated pulse of organometallic soil plasma that originates in the Bs and temporarily transports material at over 100 times normal rates. Episodic pulse mechanisms of this type have not been reported before; they may play a critical role in the formation of other young or unstable soil environments. In this case they help explain the unusual morphology of Spodosols in arctic Alaska. (Author 's abstract) JF - Soil Science SOSCAK Vol. 145, No. 1, p 46-51, January 1988. 1 fig, 2 tab, 21 ref. NSF Grant DPP80-05795. AU - Stoner, M G AU - Ugolini, F C AD - Environmental Protection Agency HW-113, Seattle, WA Y1 - 1988/01// PY - 1988 DA - Jan 1988 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Soil solution KW - Leaching KW - Arctic KW - Soil genesis KW - Rainstorms KW - Storm seepage KW - Forest soils KW - Soil horizons KW - Translocation KW - Alaska KW - SW 0845:Water in soils KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19021020?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Arctic+Pedogenesis%3A+2.+Threshold-Controlled+Subsurface+Leaching+Episodes&rft.au=Stoner%2C+M+G%3BUgolini%2C+F+C&rft.aulast=Stoner&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Contaminants and trends in fall run coho salmon AN - 16963112; 3613045 AB - Fillets of fall run coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) from each of the Great Lakes were analyzed for pesticides and industrial compounds. PCBs were the dominant contaminant in all samples ranging from trace concentrations in Lake Superior to 1.74 mu g/kg in Lake Ontario. Compounds which have been banned or restricted were detected in most samples. These include PCB, DDT, chlordane, dieldrin, toxaphene, endrin, lindane, and heptachlor-epoxide. The herbicide, dacthal, was detected in samples from Lakes Michigan, Huron, and Erie. Comparison of 1984 coho salmon with those collected in 1980 through 1983 indicates that concentrations of PCB and DDT in coho from Lakes Erie and Michigan have declined, following first order loss kinetics. JF - Journal of Great Lakes Research AU - DeVault, D S AU - Clark, J M AU - Lahvis, G AU - Weishaar, J AD - U.S. EPA, Great Lakes Natl. Program Off., 230 S. Dearborn St., Chicago, IL 60605, USA Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 23 EP - 33 VL - 14 IS - 1 SN - 0380-1330, 0380-1330 KW - North America, Great-Lakes KW - insectides KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts KW - fish fillets KW - organic compounds KW - DDT KW - herbicides KW - Freshwater KW - Oncorhynchus kisutch KW - toxicants KW - histochemistry KW - PCB KW - Q1 08346:Physiology, biochemistry, biophysics KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - Q3 08582:Fish culture KW - Q1 08627:Food quality and standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16963112?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Great+Lakes+Research&rft.atitle=Contaminants+and+trends+in+fall+run+coho+salmon&rft.au=DeVault%2C+D+S%3BClark%2C+J+M%3BLahvis%2C+G%3BWeishaar%2C+J&rft.aulast=DeVault&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=23&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Great+Lakes+Research&rft.issn=03801330&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - organic compounds; fish fillets; herbicides; DDT; toxicants; PCB; histochemistry; Oncorhynchus kisutch; Freshwater ER - TY - CONF T1 - Definition of "hazardous waste" under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. AN - 15440022; 2175013 AB - This paper describes the methods currently used to identify wastes as hazardous under the U.S. regulations governing the management of hazardous wastes. The legislative authority for the hazardous waste definition and the current regulations implementing the legislation are described. In addition, the paper presents a brief discussion on EPA's current reevaluation of its approach to distinguishing hazardous from nonhazardous wastes. JF - HAZARDOUS WASTE: DETECTION, CONTROL, TREATMENT. PART A. AU - Straus, MA AU - Hammett, N H Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 KW - RCRA KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - waste treatment KW - legislation KW - hazardous wastes KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15440022?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=HAZARDOUS+WASTE%3A+DETECTION%2C+CONTROL%2C+TREATMENT.+PART+A.&rft.atitle=Definition+of+%22hazardous+waste%22+under+the+Resource+Conservation+and+Recovery+Act.&rft.au=Straus%2C+MA%3BHammett%2C+N+H&rft.aulast=Straus&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=HAZARDOUS+WASTE%3A+DETECTION%2C+CONTROL%2C+TREATMENT.+PART+A.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Implementing the new Superfund: An ambitious agenda for EPA. AN - 15437272; 2175454 AB - Last October, after almost four years of Congressional debate, the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986, or SARA, was enacted. These Amendments represent an ambitious challenge to EPA, a challenge: to meet statutory deadlines for cleanup accomplishments and promulgation of required regulations; to apply both Federal and State standards in selecting cleanup alternatives; to choose permanent remedies that utilize innovative treatment technologies; and to increase State, local and citizen involvement in the cleanup process. During the last year EPA has made substantial progress in meeting these SARA challenges, particularly after a year-long period of slowdown as a result of the expired taxing authority. In order to fully appreciate the changes in program operations that were brought about by SARA, it is important to step back and examine the first six years of Superfund. JF - HAZARDOUS WASTE: DETECTION, CONTROL, TREATMENT. PART A. AU - Lingle, SA Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 KW - SARA KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - government regulations KW - waste management KW - EPA KW - cleaning process KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15437272?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=HAZARDOUS+WASTE%3A+DETECTION%2C+CONTROL%2C+TREATMENT.+PART+A.&rft.atitle=Implementing+the+new+Superfund%3A+An+ambitious+agenda+for+EPA.&rft.au=Lingle%2C+SA&rft.aulast=Lingle&rft.aufirst=SA&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=HAZARDOUS+WASTE%3A+DETECTION%2C+CONTROL%2C+TREATMENT.+PART+A.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Polychlorinated biphenyls: How do they affect human health?. AN - 15358266; 2120423 JF - Health & Environment Digest AU - Kimbrough, R D AD - U.S. EPA, Off. Reg. Oper., USA Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 1 EP - 3 VL - 2 IS - 7 KW - PCB compounds KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - toxicology KW - public health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15358266?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Health+%26+Environment+Digest&rft.atitle=Polychlorinated+biphenyls%3A+How+do+they+affect+human+health%3F.&rft.au=Kimbrough%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Kimbrough&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Health+%26+Environment+Digest&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - public health; toxicology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - On the importance of photosynthetic picoplankton in the nutrition of bivalve molluscs, with specific reference to the summer 1985 Narragansett Bay "brown tide" and associated mass mortalities in blue mussel (Mytilus edulis ) populations. AN - 15322618; 2090399 AB - Picoplankton are bacterial-sized cells in the 0.2 to 2.0 mu m diameter size fraction of the plankton. In coastal waters their abundance is typically 10 super(6) cells/l ml super(-1), consisting mainly of photosynthetic cyanobacteria but also eucaryotic cells. Recent field studies have demonstrated both beneficial and detrimental effects of picoplankton on the nutrition of bivalves. In Narragansett Bay, massive mortalities among blue mussel (Mytilus edulis ) populations were observed in conjunction with an extremely dense picoalgal bloom. The dominant alga, being greater than 10 super(6) cells/ml super(-1) and 95% by numerical abundance, previously was unknown to these waters. Feeding experiments demonstrated anorexigenic properties of the bloom algae on bivalve molluscs, whereas similar effects were not observed with other similarly-sized algae isolated from the bloom. JF - Journal of Shellfish Research AU - Tracey, G A AU - Steele, R L AU - Prager, J C AU - Sieburth, JMcN AD - Science Applications International Corp., c/o U.S. EPA, South Ferry Rd., Narragansett, RI 02882, USA Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 VL - 7 IS - 1 SN - 0730-8000, 0730-8000 KW - ANW, Narragansett Bay KW - algal blooms KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts KW - Marine KW - animal nutrition KW - nannoplankton KW - Mytilus edulis KW - mortality causes KW - Q1 08483:Species interactions: general KW - Q3 08583:Shellfish culture KW - O 8050:Conferences KW - Q1 08425:Nutrition and feeding habits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15322618?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Shellfish+Research&rft.atitle=On+the+importance+of+photosynthetic+picoplankton+in+the+nutrition+of+bivalve+molluscs%2C+with+specific+reference+to+the+summer+1985+Narragansett+Bay+%22brown+tide%22+and+associated+mass+mortalities+in+blue+mussel+%28Mytilus+edulis+%29+populations.&rft.au=Tracey%2C+G+A%3BSteele%2C+R+L%3BPrager%2C+J+C%3BSieburth%2C+JMcN&rft.aulast=Tracey&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=P.+178&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Shellfish+Research&rft.issn=07308000&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Summary only. N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - animal nutrition; nannoplankton; mortality causes; Mytilus edulis; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of organophosphorus pesticide samples by high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry. AN - 15313653; 2075073 AB - Ten analytes from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's SW-846 Method 8140, Organophosphorus Pesticide Parameters, were subjected to analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS) and HPLC/MS/MS with thermospray ionization. The compounds chosen suffered poor recoveries under analysis by method 8140, which is a gas chromatographic procedure. Limits of detection, precision values, and retention times were generated with HPLC/MS methods on pure analytical standards. Collision activated dissociation daughter ion spectra were also collected by tandem mass spectrometric techniques. Four environmental samples known to contain organophosphorus pesticides were analyzed by HPLC/MS, and these results were compared with similar analyses by GC/MS. Tandem mass spectrometry was used to confirm the compounds identified by HPLC/MS. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Betowski, L D AU - Jones, T L AD - Environ. Monit. Syst. Lab., US EPA, P.O. Box 93478, Las Vegas, NV 89193-3478, USA Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 1430 EP - 1433 VL - 22 IS - 12 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - organophosphorus compounds KW - pollutant detection KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - liquid chromatography KW - chemical analysis KW - mass spectroscopy KW - pesticides KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15313653?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+organophosphorus+pesticide+samples+by+high-performance+liquid+chromatography%2Fmass+spectrometry+and+high-performance+liquid+chromatography%2Fmass+spectrometry%2Fmass+spectrometry.&rft.au=Betowski%2C+L+D%3BJones%2C+T+L&rft.aulast=Betowski&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1430&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - pesticides; liquid chromatography; mass spectroscopy; chemical analysis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Low NO sub(x), high efficiency multistaged burner: Fuel oil results. AN - 15313306; 2075177 AB - A multistaged combustion burner designed for in-furnace NO sub(x) control and high combustion efficiency is being evaluated for high nitrogen content fuel and waste incineration application in a 0.6 MW package boiler simulator. A low NO sub(x) precombustion chamber burner has been reduced in size by approximately a factor of two and coupled with (1) air staging, resulting in a three-stage configuration, and (2) natural gas fuel staging, yielding up to four stoichiometric zones. Natural gas, doped with ammonia to yield a 5.8 percent fuel nitrogen content, and distillate fuel oil, doped with pyridine to yield a 2 percent fuel nitrogen content, were used to simulate high nitrogen content fuel/waste mixtures. The multistaged burner reduced NO emissions by 85 percent from emission levels from a conventional unstaged burner mounted on a commercial package boiler. JF - J. AIR POLLUT. CONTROL ASSOC. AU - Mulholland, JA AU - Srivastava, R K AD - U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 1162 EP - 1167 VL - 38 IS - 9 KW - nitrogen oxides KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - incineration KW - combustion KW - simulation KW - emission control KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15313306?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+AIR+POLLUT.+CONTROL+ASSOC.&rft.atitle=Low+NO+sub%28x%29%2C+high+efficiency+multistaged+burner%3A+Fuel+oil+results.&rft.au=Mulholland%2C+JA%3BSrivastava%2C+R+K&rft.aulast=Mulholland&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1162&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=J.+AIR+POLLUT.+CONTROL+ASSOC.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - combustion; incineration; emission control; simulation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The federal paper guideline. AN - 15295707; 2044763 AB - The EPA today is issuing a revised guideline for federal procurement of paper and paper products containing recovered materials. It provides for the use of post-consumer recovered materials in most grades of paper; in the case of printing and writing papers, it provides for the use of waste paper; while in the case of cotton fiber papers, it provides for the use of recovered materials. JF - Waste Age AU - Sanjour, W AD - Off. Solid Waste, WH-563, U.S. EPA, 401 M St., S.W., Washington, DC 20460, USA Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SN - 0043-1001, 0043-1001 KW - recycling KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - EPA KW - waste management KW - federal regulations KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT KW - H SE3.25:COMPOSTING, RECYCLING, REUSE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15295707?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Waste+Age&rft.atitle=The+federal+paper+guideline.&rft.au=Sanjour%2C+W&rft.aulast=Sanjour&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Waste+Age&rft.issn=00431001&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - waste management; federal regulations; EPA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Design and performance of a saltwater low dissolved oxygen test system. AN - 15295614; 2053093 AB - Dissolved oxygen (D.O.) concentration in marine systems are a major limiting factor, yet information on D.O. requirements of marine species is largely lacking. A system was designed for flow-through acute and chronic tests to develop data for marine D.O. water quality criteria. Initial specifications included the capability to select six D.C. treatments regulated over the range of 0.5 mg/L to saturation to plus or minus 0.1 mg/L, a total flow rate of 4 gal./min., and operational stability for at least 30 days. Results of acute tests with winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus ) include a mean LC50 of 1.9 mg D.L./L for late embryo to hatch stage, 1.5 mg/L for four-day larvae, and 1.4 mg/L for 2 cm (TL) juveniles; for juvenile sand shrimp (Crangon septemspionsa ) a mean LC50 of 1.6 mg D.O./L; and for 2 cm surfclam (Spisula solidissima ) a mean LC50 of 0.6 mg D.O./L. A 28-day chronic exposure of Atlantic silverside (Menidia menidia ) resulted in 47% reduction in growth at 3.9 mg D.O./L. JF - Journal of Shellfish Research AU - Miller, D C AU - Body, DE AU - Sinnet, J C AU - Poucher, S AU - Sewall, J AD - US EPA, USA Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 573 VL - 7 IS - 3 SN - 0730-8000, 0730-8000 KW - aquaculture systems KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts KW - Marine KW - marine aquaculture KW - dissolved oxygen KW - Q3 08581:Aquaculture: General KW - Q1 08581:General KW - O 8050:Conferences UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15295614?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Shellfish+Research&rft.atitle=Design+and+performance+of+a+saltwater+low+dissolved+oxygen+test+system.&rft.au=Miller%2C+D+C%3BBody%2C+DE%3BSinnet%2C+J+C%3BPoucher%2C+S%3BSewall%2C+J&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=573&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Shellfish+Research&rft.issn=07308000&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Summary only. N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - marine aquaculture; dissolved oxygen; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of inorganic and organic nutrient enrichment on growth and bioenergetics of the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis . AN - 15294984; 2053299 AB - The effects of inorganic and organic enrichment on growth and bioenergetics of the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis , were experimentally tested. Matching additions of nutrients or sewage sludge over an 8-fold concentration range provided the potential for differing environmental conditions of water quality, food availability and food quality that might occur in marine waters receiving anthropogenic wastes. Growth of mussels within mesocosms declined with increased loading from both nutrient sources. Ingestion rates at equivalent food concentrations increased with increasing enrichment, thus counteracting food dilution effects. These results suggest that M. edulis can maintain food-proportional growth in environments widely varying in water and food quality. JF - Journal of Shellfish Research AU - Tracey, G A AD - Science Applications Int. Corp., c/o U.S. EPA, Narragansett, RI, USA Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 562 VL - 7 IS - 3 SN - 0730-8000, 0730-8000 KW - mussel culture KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts KW - food availability KW - Marine KW - environmental conditions KW - Mytilus edulis KW - bioenergetics KW - growth KW - Q3 08583:Shellfish culture KW - Q1 08424:Age and growth KW - Q1 08266:Physiology, biochemistry, biophysics KW - Q1 08583:Shellfish culture KW - O 8050:Conferences KW - Q1 08425:Nutrition and feeding habits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15294984?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Shellfish+Research&rft.atitle=Effects+of+inorganic+and+organic+nutrient+enrichment+on+growth+and+bioenergetics+of+the+blue+mussel%2C+Mytilus+edulis+.&rft.au=Tracey%2C+G+A&rft.aulast=Tracey&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=562&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Shellfish+Research&rft.issn=07308000&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Summary only. N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - food availability; environmental conditions; bioenergetics; growth; Mytilus edulis; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of cytopathogenicity, immunofluorescence and in situ DNA hybridization as methods for the detection of adenoviruses. AN - 15290390; 2045938 AB - Three different methods were compared for their efficiency at detection of adenoviruses. The samples examined for viral analysis consisted of concentrates prepared from raw sewage, chosen as providing a representation of the spectrum of viruses being intestinally shed from a large population at any given time. When using one single cell line, HEp-2, the overall numbers of adenoviruses detected using cytopathogenicity and immunofluorescence were roughly equal. In situ hybridization was approx. 40% more sensitive than either of these other methods as determined by average virus titers for the different samples, and also proved to be better by means of a nonparametric comparison. JF - Water Research AU - Hurst, C J AU - McClellan, KA AU - Benton, W H AD - Health Eff. Res. Lab., US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 1547 EP - 1552 VL - 22 IS - 12 SN - 0043-1354, 0043-1354 KW - viruses KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - fluorescence KW - sewage treatment KW - cytology KW - assays KW - P 3000:SEWAGE & WASTEWATER TREATMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15290390?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Research&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+cytopathogenicity%2C+immunofluorescence+and+in+situ+DNA+hybridization+as+methods+for+the+detection+of+adenoviruses.&rft.au=Hurst%2C+C+J%3BMcClellan%2C+KA%3BBenton%2C+W+H&rft.aulast=Hurst&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1547&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Research&rft.issn=00431354&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - assays; sewage treatment; cytology; fluorescence ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of the amphipod crustacean Hyalella azteca in freshwater and estuarine sediment toxicity tests. AN - 15289104; 2043106 AB - Hyalella azteca (Saussure), which are currently used in toxicity tests with freshwater sediments, were tested to determine their suitability for tests with estuarine sediments. Reproduction was good after 24 d at and below 12.5 g/L (ppt) salinity in water only. EC50 values (50% reduction in young) were 10.5 and 10.4 g/L salinity. Survival was good in tests conducted with estuarine sediments collected from a range of freshwater to full seawater sites, using fresh water overlaying the sediments (200 ml sediment, 800 ml water). The results demonstrate that H. azteca can be used to test the toxicity of sediments from both freshwater and estuarine sites. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Nebeker, A V AU - Miller, CE AD - Corvallis Environ. Res. Lab., U.S. EPA, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 1027 EP - 1033 VL - 7 IS - 12 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - Hyalella azteca KW - fresh water KW - freshwater KW - pollution indicators KW - toxicity KW - toxicity testing KW - toxicity tests KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Freshwater KW - estuaries KW - sediments KW - Q2:09442 KW - Q1 08502:General KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - Q1:08281 KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15289104?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Use+of+the+amphipod+crustacean+Hyalella+azteca+in+freshwater+and+estuarine+sediment+toxicity+tests.&rft.au=Nebeker%2C+A+V%3BMiller%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Nebeker&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1027&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - estuaries; pollution indicators; sediments; toxicity tests; fresh water; freshwater; Hyalella azteca; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessing potential effects of incinerating organic wastes at sea: Using research to answer management questions. AN - 15288429; 2042111 AB - In 1985, the US Environmental Protection Agency developed a strategy for accurately measuring possible environmental and public health effects of incinerating organic wastes at sea. Plans for conducting research at sea include emissions sampling and conduct of toxicity tests in conjunction with monitoring for emissions constituents in the air, surface water, sea-surface microlayer, and organisms that live in surface waters (neuston). Samples from the sea-surface microlayer will also be used as test media for toxicity tests. Results of the research conducted at sea may be used to refine the procedures to be used in permitting and monitoring ocean incineration activities. JF - Marine Pollution Bulletin. 1988. AU - Redford, D AU - Jackson, M AU - Gentile, J AU - Oberacker, D AU - Boehm, P AU - Werme, C AD - US EPA, Off. Mar. and Estuar. Prot., 401 M St., S.W., Washington, DC 20460, USA A2 - Waldichuk, M (ed) Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SN - 0025-326X, 0025-326X KW - hazardous materials KW - incineration KW - incinerators KW - organic wastes KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Toxicology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - marine pollution KW - marine organisms KW - Marine KW - pollution monitoring KW - ocean dumping KW - waste disposal KW - Q1:08504 KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous KW - Q1 08502:MARINE POLLUTION KW - D 04801:Pollution monitoring and detection KW - Q2:09444 KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - O 8050:Conferences KW - Q5 08505:Prevention and control KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15288429?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Aquatic+Science+%26+Fisheries+Abstracts+%28ASFA%29+3%3A+Aquatic+Pollution+%26+Environmental+Quality&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Redford%2C+D%3BJackson%2C+M%3BGentile%2C+J%3BOberacker%2C+D%3BBoehm%2C+P%3BWerme%2C+C&rft.aulast=Redford&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Assessing+potential+effects+of+incinerating+organic+wastes+at+sea%3A+Using+research+to+answer+management+questions.&rft.title=Assessing+potential+effects+of+incinerating+organic+wastes+at+sea%3A+Using+research+to+answer+management+questions.&rft.issn=0025326X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - hazardous materials; ocean dumping; pollution monitoring; organic wastes; incineration; marine pollution; waste disposal; marine organisms; incinerators; Marine ER - TY - CONF T1 - Use of biomonitoring to control toxics in the United States. AN - 15283206; 2045344 AB - A biomonitoring program has been developed in support for the National Policy for the Development of Water Quality-Based Permit Limitations for Toxic Pollutants. The program focuses on the use of laboratory toxicity tests on aquatic plants and animals to predict ecosystem impact caused by toxic pollutants. Both acute and chronic toxicity tests were developed to test effluents and ambient waters. Laboratory and biological field studies were conducted at nine sites. Single species laboratory toxicity tests were found to be good predictors of impacts on the ecosystem when two or more species were used. Biomonitoring can be undertaken either on effluents and/or on the receiving waters. In that toxicity related to seeps, leachates and storm sewers has often been found upstream from dischargers, it is beneficial to conduct both effluent and ambient biomonitoring. JF - Water Science and Technology AU - Thomas, NA Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 101 EP - 108 VL - 20 IS - 10 KW - United States KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - effluent treatment KW - leachates KW - laboratory testing KW - water pollution control KW - toxicity KW - sewers KW - P 3000:SEWAGE & WASTEWATER TREATMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15283206?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Science+and+Technology&rft.atitle=Use+of+biomonitoring+to+control+toxics+in+the+United+States.&rft.au=Thomas%2C+NA&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=NA&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=101&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Science+and+Technology&rft.issn=02731223&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative uptake of hexachlorobenzene by fathead minnows, amphipods and oligochaete worms from water and sediment. AN - 15281320; 2039508 AB - Fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas ), the worm Lumbriculus variegatus and the amphipod Hyalella azteca were exposed in static tests to hexachlorobenzene (HCB) in water with and without HCB-spiked sediment to evaluate the relative importance of water and sediment as routes of uptake. The concentration of HCB in water was maintained by passing air saturated with HCB vapor through the test vessels. The presence of HCB-spiked sediment did not result in a significant increase in bioconcentration factor in two tests with H. azteca . The presence of HCB-spiked sediment did significantly increase the bioconcentration factor in two tests with fathead minnows and in one of three tests with L. variegatus . The gas phase transfer method was efficient at maintaining a reasonably constant concentration of HCB in water. However, complete control of the aqueous phase activity of HCB through gas phase transfer was not achieved because of the source/sink capacity of the sediment, organisms and food. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Schuytema, G S AU - Krawczyk, D F AU - Griffis, W L AU - Nebeker, A V AU - Robideaux, M L AU - Brownawell, B J AU - Westall, J C AD - Environ. Res. Lab., U.S. EPA, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 1035 EP - 1045 VL - 7 IS - 12 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - chlorine compounds KW - hexachlorobenzene KW - uptake KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Marine KW - water quality KW - bioaccumulation KW - Hyalella azteca KW - Lumbriculus variegatus KW - Pimephales promelas KW - freshwater pollution KW - sediments KW - pollution effects KW - Q1 08281:General KW - Q1 08341:General KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - X 24153:Metabolism KW - Q1 08241:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15281320?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Comparative+uptake+of+hexachlorobenzene+by+fathead+minnows%2C+amphipods+and+oligochaete+worms+from+water+and+sediment.&rft.au=Schuytema%2C+G+S%3BKrawczyk%2C+D+F%3BGriffis%2C+W+L%3BNebeker%2C+A+V%3BRobideaux%2C+M+L%3BBrownawell%2C+B+J%3BWestall%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Schuytema&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1035&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - water quality; chlorine compounds; sediments; freshwater pollution; pollution effects; bioaccumulation; Hyalella azteca; Lumbriculus variegatus; Pimephales promelas; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of mixtures of sediment contaminants on the marine infaunal amphipod, Rhepoxynius abronius . AN - 15277460; 2039445 AB - The infaunal amphipod, Rhepoxynius abronius Barnard, was exposed to mixtures of sediment contaminants at concentrations of the individual compounds that produce few or no effects. Combinations of zinc, mercury, polychlorinated biphenyls (Aroclor 1254) and fluoranthene produced joint toxicological actions that could be classified as additive or less than additive. To be more ecologically relevant, sediment quality criteria should be expressed in relation to a model of interactive effects. A relatively small decrease in the total volatile solids content of sediment from 1.72 to 1.30% increased the concentration of contaminants in interstitial water and increased sediment toxicity. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Swartz, R C AU - Kemp, P F AU - Schults, D W AU - Lamberson, JO AD - U.S. EPA, Mark O. Hatfield Mar. Sci. Cent., Newport, OR 97365, USA Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 1013 EP - 1020 VL - 7 IS - 12 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - PCB KW - PCB compounds KW - contaminants KW - effects on KW - fluoranthene KW - heavy metals KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Marine KW - Rhepoxynius abronius KW - sediments KW - pollution effects KW - Q1 08281:General KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - X 24162:Chronic exposure KW - X 24152:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15277460?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Effects+of+mixtures+of+sediment+contaminants+on+the+marine+infaunal+amphipod%2C+Rhepoxynius+abronius+.&rft.au=Swartz%2C+R+C%3BKemp%2C+P+F%3BSchults%2C+D+W%3BLamberson%2C+JO&rft.aulast=Swartz&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1013&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - sediments; pollution effects; PCB; contaminants; PCB compounds; Rhepoxynius abronius; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of environmental viruses in sludge: Enhancement of enterovirus plaque assay titers with 5-IODO-2'-deoxyuridine and comparison to adenovirus and coliphage titers. AN - 15235170; 2001120 AB - Enteroviruses present in the primary sludge of two wastewater treatment plants were quantitated by plaque assay using a continuous African green monkey kidney cell line (BGM). Incubation of BGM monolayers with 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine (50 mu g ml super(-1)) for 4 days prior to use enhanced the number of PFU detected in 10 of 10 concentrated sludge samples. Coliphages also present in these samples were detected using as hosts E. coli C and E. coli A-19, in Hfr strain. E. coli C coliphage titers were consistantly higher than E. coli A-19 titers, and were 10 super(2)-10 super(3) times higher than the enterovirus titers obtained with BGM cells. Adenoviruses present in the sludge samples were detected by immunofluorescence assay. Interestingly, those results suggest that adenoviruses were also more numerous than enteroviruses (as detected by either IDU-treated or untreated BGM plaque assay). JF - Water Research AU - Williams, FP Jr AU - Hurst, C J AD - Health Eff. Res. Lab., U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 847 EP - 851 VL - 22 IS - 7 SN - 0043-1354, 0043-1354 KW - primary treatment KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - viruses KW - assays KW - wastewater treatment plants KW - P 3000:SEWAGE & WASTEWATER TREATMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15235170?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Research&rft.atitle=Detection+of+environmental+viruses+in+sludge%3A+Enhancement+of+enterovirus+plaque+assay+titers+with+5-IODO-2%27-deoxyuridine+and+comparison+to+adenovirus+and+coliphage+titers.&rft.au=Williams%2C+FP+Jr%3BHurst%2C+C+J&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=FP&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=847&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Research&rft.issn=00431354&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - wastewater treatment plants; viruses; assays ER - TY - JOUR T1 - At the crossroads of change. AN - 15233694; 2000944 AB - As the volume of municipal solid wastes continues to mount in the face of dwindling landfill capacity, the U.S. and its EPA are shifting their attentions. The object of this shift is one of the most difficult problems confronting states and municipalities: How can the millions of tons of refuse produced annually be reduced and handled safely? With nearly a third of our landfills reaching capacity in the next three to five years, this country is truly standing at the crossroads of change. JF - Waste Age AU - Porter, J W AD - U.S. EPA Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SN - 0043-1001, 0043-1001 KW - municipal solid wastes KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - waste management KW - materials handling KW - landfills KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15233694?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Waste+Age&rft.atitle=At+the+crossroads+of+change.&rft.au=Porter%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Porter&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Waste+Age&rft.issn=00431001&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - landfills; waste management; materials handling ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Feeding reduction, reproductive failure, and mortality in Mytilus edulis during the 1985 "brown tide" in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island. AN - 15215822; 1977561 AB - During summer 1985, reduced feeding, reproductive failure and massive mortalities were observed in populations of the blue mussel Mytilus edulis during an extremely dense algal bloom (10 super(6) cells/ml) in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island (USA). The dominant alga was an extremely small (1 to 2 mu m diameter) non-flagellated chrysophycean form previously unobserved in coastal or offshore waters. Reductions in clearance rate of mussels were independent of cell size and extra-cellular exudates of the bloom alga. JF - Marine ecology progress series. Oldendorf AU - Tracey, G A AD - Sci. Appl. Int. Corp., Mar. Serv. Branch, U.S. EPA, Environ. Res. Lab., Narragansett, RI 02882, USA Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 73 EP - 81 VL - 50 IS - 1-2 SN - 0171-8630, 0171-8630 KW - ANW, Narragansett Bay KW - USA, Rhode Island, Narragansett Bay KW - effects on KW - feeding behaviour KW - Oceanic Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - mortality KW - feeding KW - Mytilus edulis KW - reproduction KW - algal blooms KW - O 1070:Ecology/Community Studies KW - D 04658:Molluscs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15215822?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+ecology+progress+series.+Oldendorf&rft.atitle=Feeding+reduction%2C+reproductive+failure%2C+and+mortality+in+Mytilus+edulis+during+the+1985+%22brown+tide%22+in+Narragansett+Bay%2C+Rhode+Island.&rft.au=Tracey%2C+G+A&rft.aulast=Tracey&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=73&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Marine+ecology+progress+series.+Oldendorf&rft.issn=01718630&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - feeding behaviour; feeding; mortality; reproduction; algal blooms; Mytilus edulis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of indoor and outdoor air associated with residences using woodstoves: A pilot study. AN - 15183178; 1956163 AB - Particulate, semivolatile organic compound (SVOC), volatile organic compound (VOC), and aldehyde samples were simultaneously collected during two nighttime 12-hour sampling periods at three Raleigh. NC, residences with operating woodstoves during February 1985. Particulate and SVOC samples were also collected from the woodstoves by using the Woodstove Dilution Sampling System. Extensive inorganic and organic analyses were conducted. Mutagenic activity on the particle samples was determined by using the forward mutation assay to 8-azaguanine resistance in Salmonella typhimurium . CO and air exchange rates were measured in each residence. Indoor fine particle mass was significantly lower than the corresponding outdoor fine particle mass in the three homes monitored. Vapor-phase extractable organic mass was approximately six times the corresponding particle-bound extractable organic mass, suggesting the need for additional research in the collection and characterization of indoor air vapor phase organic components. JF - Environment International AU - Highsmith, V R AU - Zweidinger, R B AU - Merrill, R G AD - Environ. Monit. Syst. Lab. and Atmos. Sci. Res. Lab., U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 213 EP - 219 VL - 14 IS - 3 SN - 0160-4120, 0160-4120 KW - woodstoves KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - air quality KW - volatile organic compounds KW - assays KW - carbon dioxide KW - particulates KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15183178?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environment+International&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+indoor+and+outdoor+air+associated+with+residences+using+woodstoves%3A+A+pilot+study.&rft.au=Highsmith%2C+V+R%3BZweidinger%2C+R+B%3BMerrill%2C+R+G&rft.aulast=Highsmith&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=213&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environment+International&rft.issn=01604120&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - particulates; volatile organic compounds; assays; air quality; carbon dioxide ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A look at strategies & tactics for the nation's war on wastes. AN - 15182842; 1955968 AB - Both the U.S. Congress and the EPA have recognized the need for a stronger federal role in achieving an integrated solid waste management program. As a result, several things have already happened to start us down a new path. JF - Waste Age AU - Porter, J W AD - U.S. EPA, Washington, D.C., USA Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SN - 0043-1001, 0043-1001 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - waste management KW - EPA KW - solid wastes KW - landfills KW - federal regulations KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15182842?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Waste+Age&rft.atitle=A+look+at+strategies+%26amp%3B+tactics+for+the+nation%27s+war+on+wastes.&rft.au=Porter%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Porter&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Waste+Age&rft.issn=00431001&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - EPA; federal regulations; solid wastes; waste management; landfills ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Report: Hazardous waste combustion in industrial cement and lime kilns. AN - 15179651; 1955640 AB - The full report summarizes the results of several studies relating to hazardous waste combustion in cement and lime kilns. The tests included in this study are four kilns tested by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), four kilns tested by State agencies or the kiln operator, two Canadian tests, and one Swedish test. The predominant types of wastes tested included chlorinated organic compounds, aromatic compounds, and metalaromatic compounds, and metal contaminated waste oil. The kiln types include eight cement and one lime kiln. Fabric filters or electrostatic precipitators (ESPs) were the pollution control devices used in these processes, and the primary fuels included coal, coke and fuel oil. JF - Waste Management & Research AU - Mournighan, R E AD - U.S. EPA, HWERL, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 400 EP - 402 VL - 6 IS - 4 SN - 0734-242X, 0734-242X KW - report KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - hazardous wastes KW - lime KW - cement KW - combustion KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15179651?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Waste+Management+%26+Research&rft.atitle=Report%3A+Hazardous+waste+combustion+in+industrial+cement+and+lime+kilns.&rft.au=Mournighan%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Mournighan&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=400&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Waste+Management+%26+Research&rft.issn=0734242X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - cement; hazardous wastes; combustion; lime ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Long-range water supply planning and management in Massachusetts. AN - 15178560; 1955489 AB - Proper planning for the development, siting, management and protection of public water supplies will identify potentially conflicting situations and help the community attract the quality development necessary to sustain continual growth. Over the past five years the Massachusetts Legislature has passed innovative legislation that has allowed the DEQE to develop a wide variety of programs to assist communities with better management, planning, protection and cleanup of public water supplies. This paper will summarize the status of water supply development, review the contamination problem and outline the programs the agency has developed to respond to long-range water supply planning and management in Massachusetts. JF - J. N. ENG. WATER WORKS ASSOC. AU - Roy, S P AD - U.S. EPA, Washington, D.C., USA Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 117 EP - 120 VL - 102 IS - 2 KW - Massachusetts KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - water supplies KW - legislation KW - government programs KW - P 3000:SEWAGE & WASTEWATER TREATMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15178560?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+N.+ENG.+WATER+WORKS+ASSOC.&rft.atitle=Long-range+water+supply+planning+and+management+in+Massachusetts.&rft.au=Roy%2C+S+P&rft.aulast=Roy&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=117&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=J.+N.+ENG.+WATER+WORKS+ASSOC.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - water supplies; legislation; government programs ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Title III has kept us busy. AN - 15177620; 1954247 AB - There has long been a structure in the United States for dealing with hazardous materials events. The National Response Team, the National Contingency Plan, regional response teams, federal on-scene coordinators, and state and local organizations prepared to deal with emergencies have existed for many years. However, until recently, there was not a focused federal, state, or local program to deal explicitly with the issues of chemical releases or chemical accidents. An event in India at the end of 1984 changed all that. JF - Waste Age AU - Porter, W J AD - U.S. EPA Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SN - 0043-1001, 0043-1001 KW - SARA KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - environmental protection KW - chemicals KW - hazardous materials KW - accidents KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - H SE3.5:STANDARDS, LAWS, REGULATIONS, AND POLICY UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15177620?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Waste+Age&rft.atitle=Title+III+has+kept+us+busy.&rft.au=Porter%2C+W+J&rft.aulast=Porter&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Waste+Age&rft.issn=00431001&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - hazardous materials; chemicals; accidents; environmental protection ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Distribution of reduced inorganic sulfur compounds in lake sediments receiving acid mine drainage. AN - 15133687; 1923658 AB - The sediments of Lake Anna, Virginia, act as a major sink for incoming acid mine drainage (AMD) pollutants (Fe, SO sub(4) super(2) super(-), H super(+)) due to bacterial sulfate reduction (SR). Acid-volatile sulfide (AVS), elemental S, and pyrite concentrations in the sediments of the polluted arm or the lake are significantly greater than those in unpolluted sections of the lake. Measurements of SR using super(35)S-SO sub(4) super(2) super(-) showed that AVS and S super(0) are the major short-term (48 h) products of SR in these sediments. Inorganic forms of S (AVS, S super(0), and FeS sub(2)) made up from 60 to 100% of the total sediment S concentration. Pyrite concentrations in the sediment were high but decreased exponentially with distance from the AMD source, suggesting that the pyrite was deposited as stream detritus from the abandoned mines. The results suggest that in Fe- and S-rich locations such as those contaminated with acid mine drainage, the distribution of end products of SR may vary substantially from those reported for more moderate environments. JF - Applied Geochemistry AU - Herlihy, A T AU - Mills, AL AU - Herman, J S AD - U.S. EPA, Environ. Res. Lab., 200 S.W. 35th St., Corvallis, OR 97333, USA Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 333 EP - 344 VL - 3 IS - 3 SN - 0883-2927, 0883-2927 KW - USA, Virginia, Anna L. KW - Virginia, Anna L. KW - drainage water KW - mine drainage KW - sediment analysis KW - sulphate reduction KW - sulphur KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - mining KW - acids KW - sediment pollution KW - Freshwater KW - acidity KW - sediments KW - inorganic compounds KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - Q2:09445 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15133687?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Geochemistry&rft.atitle=Distribution+of+reduced+inorganic+sulfur+compounds+in+lake+sediments+receiving+acid+mine+drainage.&rft.au=Herlihy%2C+A+T%3BMills%2C+AL%3BHerman%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Herlihy&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=333&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Geochemistry&rft.issn=08832927&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - sulphur; mining; acids; sediments; sediment analysis; drainage water; sediment pollution; acidity; inorganic compounds; sulphate reduction; mine drainage; Freshwater ER - TY - CONF T1 - Radon reduction in homes: Research phase to operational phase. AN - 15132932; 1918998 AB - The United States Environment Protection Agency's (USEPA) House Evaluation Program (HEP) is an ongoing programme designed to transfer research findings on radon diagnostic and mitigation technologies to the general public. The HEP accomplishes this technology transfer by providing guidance and hands-on training to States, homeowners and local contractors while conducting radon diagnostics and mitigation design planning in houses. An overview of the HEP is given and the programme's accomplishments and findings to data are discussed. JF - RADIAT. PROT. DOSIM. AU - Mardis, H M AU - Guimond, R J AU - Fisher, E Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 537 EP - 539 VL - 24 IS - 1-4 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - technology KW - housing KW - radon KW - training KW - EPA KW - H SI1.9.1:RADIATION HAZARDS KW - P 8000:RADIATION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15132932?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=RADIAT.+PROT.+DOSIM.&rft.atitle=Radon+reduction+in+homes%3A+Research+phase+to+operational+phase.&rft.au=Mardis%2C+H+M%3BGuimond%2C+R+J%3BFisher%2C+E&rft.aulast=Mardis&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=537&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=RADIAT.+PROT.+DOSIM.&rft.issn=01448420&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chemical scoring system for hazard and exposure identification. AN - 15132511; 1917845 AB - To assist in the preliminary evaluation of compounds of toxicological and environmental interest to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), a scoring system was devised as a collaborative effort between the EPA and the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The scoring system combines objective guidelines with professional judgment to evaluate chemicals and consists of 11 separate scoring parameters, 6 of which pertain directly to toxicity, e.g., aquatic toxicity and oncogenicity. The remaining parameters are related to environmental fate and occupational, consumer, and environmental exposure. The scoring system was designed to rapidly score chemicals in a minimal amount of time readily available information. It is used by the Office of Toxic Substances of the EPA as a tool to help set priorities in conjunction with other criteria. It is particularly useful in performing preliminary evaluations involving large chemical classes, such as petroleum distillates. JF - Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health AU - O'Bryan, T R AU - Ross, R H AD - Existing Chem. Assess. Div., Off. Toxic Subst., U.S. EPA, 401 M St., S.W., Washington, DC 20460, USA Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 119 EP - 134 VL - 25 IS - 1 SN - 0093-4108, 0093-4108 KW - evaluation KW - methodology KW - laboratory methods KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - xenobiotics KW - hazards KW - toxicants KW - safety KW - H SE4.20:POISONS AND POISONING KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15132511?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health&rft.atitle=Chemical+scoring+system+for+hazard+and+exposure+identification.&rft.au=O%27Bryan%2C+T+R%3BRoss%2C+R+H&rft.aulast=O%27Bryan&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=119&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health&rft.issn=00934108&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - toxicants; xenobiotics; safety; hazards; laboratory methods ER - TY - CONF T1 - Radon 222 concentrations in the United States--results of sample surveys in five states. AN - 15131798; 1919093 AB - During the winter of 1986-1987, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) provided assistance to ten states to begin state-wide radon surveys. This paper presents survey results from the five states that completed a survey using a probability sample of housing units. Radon concentrations in six thousand homes in Alabama, Kentucky, Tennessee, Wisconsin, and Wyoming were measured. The data recorded from detectors placed in those houses have been compiled into the first multi-state survey of radon levels that allows valid extrapolation to the population at large. The target population was ground level, owner occupied residences with listed telephone numbers. Each state was partitioned into strata according to geologic characteristics relevant to radon levels. A systematic random sample of telephone numbers was selected within each stratum, and the telephone numbers together with associated names and addresses were supplied to each state. Charcoal canisters were deployed for a two-day period in each sample home, following the EPA screening measurement protocol. Strict procedures were followed to ensure randomness of the sample and the accuracy of the measurements. JF - RADIAT. PROT. DOSIM. AU - Ronca-Battista, M AU - Moon, M AU - Bergsten, J AU - White, S B AU - Alexander, B AU - Holt, N Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 307 EP - 311 VL - 24 IS - 1-4 KW - United States KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - radon KW - geology KW - environmental monitoring KW - indoor environments KW - surveys KW - P 8000:RADIATION KW - H SE3.9.1:RADIATION HAZARDS UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15131798?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=RADIAT.+PROT.+DOSIM.&rft.atitle=Radon+222+concentrations+in+the+United+States--results+of+sample+surveys+in+five+states.&rft.au=Ronca-Battista%2C+M%3BMoon%2C+M%3BBergsten%2C+J%3BWhite%2C+S+B%3BAlexander%2C+B%3BHolt%2C+N&rft.aulast=Ronca-Battista&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=307&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=RADIAT.+PROT.+DOSIM.&rft.issn=01448420&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - CONF T1 - The influence of changing exposure conditions on measurements of radon concentrations with the charcoal adsorption technique. AN - 15128487; 1919393 AB - The charcoal adsorption technique is now widely used to measure indoor radon concentrations. Deployment periods range from two to seven days. The passive nature of the activated charcoal allows continual adsorption and desorption of radon, and the adsorbed radon undergoes radioactive decay during the exposure period. Therefore, the technique does not uniformly integrate radon concentrations during the exposure period. The technique can be calibrated to yield precise results for exposures during relatively constant radon concentrations. During a deployment period of several days in a home, however, radon concentrations can vary by a greater magnitude than under controlled laboratory conditions. Charcoal canisters were exposed in an environmental chamber to controlled radon concentrations, and temperature and humidity conditions were varied during the exposure period. The collection efficiency of the charcoal was investigated for a variety of exposure conditions and exposure periods. The conclusions of these investigations led to a change in exposure time from 96 h to 48 h in the United States Environmental Protection Agency charcoal adsorber measurement programme, and an improved understanding of the limitations and capabilities of the charcoal adsorption technique. JF - RADIAT. PROT. DOSIM. AU - Ronca-Battista, M AU - Gray, D Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 361 EP - 365 VL - 24 IS - 1-4 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - radon KW - temperature KW - indoor environments KW - meteorology KW - charcoal KW - adsorption KW - humidity KW - P 8000:RADIATION KW - H SE3.9.1:RADIATION HAZARDS UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15128487?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=RADIAT.+PROT.+DOSIM.&rft.atitle=The+influence+of+changing+exposure+conditions+on+measurements+of+radon+concentrations+with+the+charcoal+adsorption+technique.&rft.au=Ronca-Battista%2C+M%3BGray%2C+D&rft.aulast=Ronca-Battista&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=361&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=RADIAT.+PROT.+DOSIM.&rft.issn=01448420&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Radon and geology in the United States. AN - 15128202; 1919622 AB - Regional geology and indoor radon concentrations appear to be related in the U.S. Using data from probability based samples, indoor radon frequency distributions have been developed in areas with similar regional geology. These frequency distributions can be used to define relative radon potential in the U.S. The geologic factors which determine regional radon potential are: (1) Lithologic: Rock types with known or potentially high uranium concentrations have a high probability of generating elevated indoor radon levels. Lithologies with US DOE National Uranium Resource Evaluation (NURE) equivalent uranium concentrations greater than 3 ppm may constitute high radon potential areas; (2) Soils: Soil permeability greatly influences radon potential. For example, evidence suggests that high permeabilities (> 0.01 cm.s super(-1)) can cause elevated indoor radon levels even if radium concentrations are low. JF - RADIAT. PROT. DOSIM. AU - Peake, R T Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 173 EP - 178 VL - 24 IS - 1-4 KW - United States KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - radon KW - geology KW - indoor environments KW - P 8000:RADIATION KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - H SE3.9.1:RADIATION HAZARDS KW - H SE2.9.1:RADIATION HAZARDS UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15128202?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=RADIAT.+PROT.+DOSIM.&rft.atitle=Radon+and+geology+in+the+United+States.&rft.au=Peake%2C+R+T&rft.aulast=Peake&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=173&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=RADIAT.+PROT.+DOSIM.&rft.issn=01448420&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Prospective dioxin research and regulatory issues in the United States. AN - 15127769; 1905443 AB - The purpose of this paper is to present a review of the prospective research and regulatory issues relevant to polyhalogenated dioxins and furans in the United States. The prospective time frame was loosely defined as the next one to two years. Information was collected largely through interviews and personal contacts with key government, university, and private sector managers and planners. The authors wish to acknowledge with thanks the many public and private sector officials who contributed information so willingly to this presentation. It should be emphasized that attempting to predict research funding levels and regulatory time schedules with a high degree of accuracy is a difficult endeavor, thus, the information contained in this report is subject to change. JF - Chemosphere AU - Kutz, F W AU - Bottimore, D P AU - Bretthauer, E W Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - N63 EP - N67 VL - 17 IS - 11 KW - United States KW - research and development KW - dioxin KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - government regulations KW - research programs KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - H SE4.5:STANDARDS, LAWS, REGULATIONS, AND POLICY UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15127769?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=Prospective+dioxin+research+and+regulatory+issues+in+the+United+States.&rft.au=Kutz%2C+F+W%3BBottimore%2C+D+P%3BBretthauer%2C+E+W&rft.aulast=Kutz&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=N63&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere&rft.issn=00456535&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Information and News Section. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - CONF T1 - History and achievements of the NATO/CCMS pilot study on international information exchange on dioxins. AN - 15127373; 1905302 JF - Chemosphere AU - Kutz, F W AU - Bottimore, D P AU - Bretthauer, E W AU - McNelis, D N Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - N2 EP - N7 VL - 17 IS - 11 KW - dioxin KW - research and development KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - historical account KW - toxicity KW - research programs KW - risk assessment KW - H SE4.10:SAFETY EDUCATION, TRAINING, COMMUNICATION KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15127373?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=History+and+achievements+of+the+NATO%2FCCMS+pilot+study+on+international+information+exchange+on+dioxins.&rft.au=Kutz%2C+F+W%3BBottimore%2C+D+P%3BBretthauer%2C+E+W%3BMcNelis%2C+D+N&rft.aulast=Kutz&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=N2&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere&rft.issn=00456535&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Information and News Section. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Recycling: A national effort. AN - 15113325; 1905738 AB - The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) favors an integrated solid-waste management strategy that includes: reducing the amount of solid waste generated, recycling as much refuse as possible, incinerating some garbage with appropriate environmental controls (usually with energy recovery), and continuing safe landfill practices. EPA is promoting a national four-year goal of reducing the amount of municipal solid waste bound for disposal by 25 percent. Currently, the United States recycles only about 10 percent of total refuse nationwide. About half of all aluminum cans, one-third of newspapers, and about 10 percent of glass bottles are recycled currently. JF - American City and County AU - Porter, J W AD - Solid Waste and Emerg. Resp., U.S. EPA Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 1 VL - 103 IS - 8 SN - 0149-337X, 0149-337X KW - Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - solid wastes KW - recycling KW - landfills KW - EPA KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT KW - H SE3.25:COMPOSTING, RECYCLING, REUSE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15113325?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+City+and+County&rft.atitle=Recycling%3A+A+national+effort.&rft.au=Porter%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Porter&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=RR11&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+City+and+County&rft.issn=0149337X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - recycling; landfills; solid wastes; EPA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A multispecies system for evaluation of infectivity and pathogenicity of microbial pest control agents in nontarget aquatic species. AN - 15101680; 1899404 AB - Microbial pest control agents (MPCAs - viruses, bacteria, protozoa, fungi) are being used as biological pesticides and herbicides. Many of these agents are considered potential MPCAs and could be used widely in the environment. Therefore, test animals must be selected and laboratory systems developed to evaluate safety of such agents to nontarget species. A simple, multispecies laboratory system has been designed and used to determine risks of infectivity and pathogenicity of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Collego)), a registered postemergent mycoherbicide, to nontarget freshwater and estuarine plant and animal species. JF - Diseases of Aquatic Organisms AU - Fournie, J W AU - Foss, S S AU - Couch, JA AD - US EPA, Environ. Res. Lab., Sabine I., Gulf Breeze, FL 32561, USA Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 63 EP - 70 VL - 5 IS - 1 SN - 0177-5103, 0177-5103 KW - Colletotrichum gloeosporioides KW - aquatic plants KW - biological control KW - efficacy KW - estuarine organisms KW - evaluation KW - freshwater organisms KW - microbial KW - multispecies test systems KW - nontarget organisms KW - pest control KW - safety KW - test organisms KW - tests KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Brackish KW - Freshwater KW - Q1 08221:General KW - K 03069:Fungi KW - Q1 08201:General KW - O 1010:Viruses, Bacteria, Protists, Fungi and Plants KW - J 02890:Microbial symbiosis, antibiosis and predation KW - Q1 08484:Species interactions: parasites and diseases KW - W 30513:Pest control KW - H SE1.23:FAUNA AND FLORA ECOLOGY KW - Q1 08485:Species interactions: pests and control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15101680?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Diseases+of+Aquatic+Organisms&rft.atitle=A+multispecies+system+for+evaluation+of+infectivity+and+pathogenicity+of+microbial+pest+control+agents+in+nontarget+aquatic+species.&rft.au=Fournie%2C+J+W%3BFoss%2C+S+S%3BCouch%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Fournie&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=63&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Diseases+of+Aquatic+Organisms&rft.issn=01775103&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biological control; test organisms; tests; pest control; aquatic plants; safety; nontarget organisms; Brackish; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Attenuation of the discriminative stimulus properties of ethanol and oxazepam, but not of pentobarbital, by Ro 15-4513 in mice. AN - 15094957; 1884241 AB - The imidazobenzodiazepine Ro 15-4513 has a high affinity for central benzodiazepine binding sites and has been shown to antagonize certain effects of ethanol. The purpose of the present study was to determine if Ro 15-4513 would attenuate the discriminative stimulus properties of ethanol and the other central nervous system depressants pentobarbital and oxazepam. Although the alcohols, barbiturates and benzodiazepines share discriminative stimulus properties under may conditions, the selective blockade of their stimulus effects provides evidence that their actions may be mediated by different cellular mechanisms. The data also show that Ro 15-4513 may attenuate behavioral effects of ethanol relevant to its abuse. JF - Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics AU - Rees, D C AU - Balster, R L AD - Health Environ. Review Div., US EPA, 401 M St. SW, Washington, DC 20460, USA Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 592 EP - 598 VL - 244 IS - 2 SN - 0022-3565, 0022-3565 KW - attenuation KW - ethanol KW - oxazepam KW - mice KW - imidazobenzodiazepine KW - Ro 15-4513 KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - discriminative stimuli KW - X 24112:Chronic exposure KW - X 24180:Social poisons & drug abuse KW - Y 25817:Mammals (excluding primates) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15094957?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Pharmacology+and+Experimental+Therapeutics&rft.atitle=Attenuation+of+the+discriminative+stimulus+properties+of+ethanol+and+oxazepam%2C+but+not+of+pentobarbital%2C+by+Ro+15-4513+in+mice.&rft.au=Rees%2C+D+C%3BBalster%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Rees&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=244&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=592&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Pharmacology+and+Experimental+Therapeutics&rft.issn=00223565&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - discriminative stimuli ER - TY - JOUR T1 - EPA selects seven emerging technologies for demonstration under SITE program. AN - 15085215; 1876056 AB - The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has announced the selection of seven emerging technologies for demonstration under the Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE) program. The SITE program was established to promote the development and use of innovative technologies to clean up Superfund sites across the country. The program is a joint effort between the Office of Research and Development and the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. The program consists of the demonstration program, the emerging technologies program and the measurement and monitoring program. JF - J. AIR POLLUT. CONTROL ASSOC. AU - Frietsch, W III AD - U.S. EPA, Superfund Technol. Demonstr. Div., 26 W. Martin Luther King Dr., Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 8 EP - 8,1480 VL - 38 IS - 12 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - EPA KW - solid wastes KW - technology KW - Superfund KW - cleaning process KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15085215?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+AIR+POLLUT.+CONTROL+ASSOC.&rft.atitle=EPA+selects+seven+emerging+technologies+for+demonstration+under+SITE+program.&rft.au=Frietsch%2C+W+III&rft.aulast=Frietsch&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=8&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=J.+AIR+POLLUT.+CONTROL+ASSOC.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - cleaning process; EPA; technology; Superfund; solid wastes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Technologies for the recovery of solvents from hazardous wastes. AN - 15082940; 1876147 AB - About 1.5 billion gallons of hazardous waste solvents were disposed of to the land in 1985. The Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments (HSWA) of 1984 required that EPA prohibit the direct land disposal of these materials after November 8, 1986. Alternatives to direct land disposal include source reduction, destruction, treatment, and recovery. This paper describes several technologies that can be used to recover solvent materials from hazardous wastes. Such technologies include evaporation, distillation, solvent extraction, critical fluids processing, steam and air stripping, and carbon adsorption. Data from USEPA studies are presented on recovery efficiencies for several of the unit processes. JF - HAZARDOUS WASTE HAZARDOUS MATER. AU - Olexsey, R A AU - Blaney, B L AU - Turner, R J AU - Brown, L M AD - U.S. EPA, Hazardous Waste Eng. Res. Lab., Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 365 EP - 377 VL - 5 IS - 4 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - distillation KW - air stripping KW - evaporation KW - solvents KW - materials recovery KW - hazardous wastes KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15082940?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=HAZARDOUS+WASTE+HAZARDOUS+MATER.&rft.atitle=Technologies+for+the+recovery+of+solvents+from+hazardous+wastes.&rft.au=Olexsey%2C+R+A%3BBlaney%2C+B+L%3BTurner%2C+R+J%3BBrown%2C+L+M&rft.aulast=Olexsey&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=365&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=HAZARDOUS+WASTE+HAZARDOUS+MATER.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - solvents; hazardous wastes; materials recovery; evaporation; distillation; air stripping ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of a process gas chromatograph as a continuous emission monitor for benzene and vinyl chloride. AN - 15082861; 1875951 AB - The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) monitors trace organic compounds in stationary source air emissions. The organics industry often uses a gas chromatograph (GC) to determine concentrations of many organic compounds in process streams. A process GC can be used as a continuous emission monitor for some organic compounds to record the concentration of organic compounds in emission gas samples and ,at the same time, to monitor the operation and maintenance of the control device. This study evaluates the accuracy and long-term reliability of the process GC as a continuous-emission monitor. JF - J. AIR POLLUT. CONTROL ASSOC. AU - Pau, J C AU - Knoll, JE AU - Midgett, M R AD - U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 1528 EP - 1529 VL - 38 IS - 12 KW - monitoring systems KW - polyvinyl chloride KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - gas chromatography KW - organic compounds KW - benzene KW - emission control KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15082861?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+AIR+POLLUT.+CONTROL+ASSOC.&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+a+process+gas+chromatograph+as+a+continuous+emission+monitor+for+benzene+and+vinyl+chloride.&rft.au=Pau%2C+J+C%3BKnoll%2C+JE%3BMidgett%2C+M+R&rft.aulast=Pau&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1528&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=J.+AIR+POLLUT.+CONTROL+ASSOC.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - gas chromatography; emission control; benzene; organic compounds ER - TY - CONF T1 - Comparison of breath CO, CO exposure, and Coburn model predictions in the U.S. EPA Washington-Denver (CO) study. AN - 15082392; 1876119 AB - The U.S. EPA studied the carbon monoxide (CO) exposures and resulting breath CO concentrations of 625 non-smoking persons in Washington, D.C., and 454 non-smokers in Denver, CO, in the winter of 1982-83. Mean population-weighted breath concentrations were 5.1 plus or minus 0.2 (SE) ppm in Washington and 7.2 plus or minus 0.2 ppm in Denver. These values were correlated with the preceding personal air CO exposures but not with the outdoor concentrations. However, the breath measurements did not agree very closely with the personal exposures according to the current (Coburn) model relating alveolar CO to ambient CO. One reason for the discrepancy may have been the slight observed negative bias displayed by the personal monitors. JF - Atmospheric Environment AU - Wallace, L AU - Thomas, J AU - Mage, D AU - Ott, W Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 2183 EP - 2193 VL - 22 IS - 10 KW - Washington, DC KW - Colorado, Denver KW - monitoring measurements KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - statistical analysis KW - hematology KW - EPA KW - carbon monoxide KW - public health KW - H SE3.20:AIR POLLUTION/AIR QUALITY KW - H SM3.8.2:CHEMICALS (CORROSION) KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - H SM6.8.2:CHEMICALS (CORROSION) KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15082392?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+breath+CO%2C+CO+exposure%2C+and+Coburn+model+predictions+in+the+U.S.+EPA+Washington-Denver+%28CO%29+study.&rft.au=Wallace%2C+L%3BThomas%2C+J%3BMage%2C+D%3BOtt%2C+W&rft.aulast=Wallace&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=2183&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.issn=13522310&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Municipal waste combustion ash. AN - 15082285; 1875837 AB - Among the major environmental issues facing the nation today is an increasingly problematic municipal solid waste dilemma. The quantities of municipal solid waste requiring management are steadily increasing: 160 million tons/year in 1987 projected to 200 million tons/year by 2000. American per capita generation is high with estimates of over 5 pounds per day. The nation has traditionally relied on landfilling as the primary method of solid waste management and for many sections of the country landfill capacity is shrinking at an alarming rate. JF - J. AIR POLLUT. CONTROL ASSOC. AU - Skinner, J H AD - Off. Environ. Eng. and Technol. Demonstr., U.S. EPA Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 1486 VL - 38 IS - 12 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - environmental impact KW - landfills KW - combustion KW - waste management KW - municipal wastes KW - air pollution control KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15082285?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+AIR+POLLUT.+CONTROL+ASSOC.&rft.atitle=Municipal+waste+combustion+ash.&rft.au=Skinner%2C+J+H&rft.aulast=Skinner&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1486&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=J.+AIR+POLLUT.+CONTROL+ASSOC.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - municipal wastes; combustion; waste management; landfills; environmental impact; air pollution control ER - TY - CONF T1 - Validation of the simulation of human activity and pollutant exposure (SHAPE) model using paired days from the Denver, CO, carbon monoxide field study. AN - 15081974; 1875847 AB - The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) developed the Simulation of Human Activity and Pollutant Exposure (SHAPE) model to estimate the frequency distribution of population exposures to carbon monoxide (CO) by computer simulation of microenvironmental concentrations and human activity patterns. To validate the SHAPE model, measured personal CO exposures from an EPA study in Denver, CO, in the winter of 1982-83 were compared with estimates generated by the model. Microenvironmental CO concentrations for the model were generated by Monte Carlo simulation based on the Denver, microenvironmental data, but the activity simulation portions of the model were modified to accommodate real activity patterns from Denver. Observed and predicted population exposure frequency distributions then were compared. JF - Atmospheric Environment AU - Ott, W AU - Thomas, J AU - Mage, D AU - Wallace, L Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 2101 EP - 2113 VL - 22 IS - 10 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - simulation KW - air pollution KW - mathematical models KW - EPA KW - carbon monoxide KW - public health KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH KW - H SE3.2:DATA ANALYSIS UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15081974?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.atitle=Validation+of+the+simulation+of+human+activity+and+pollutant+exposure+%28SHAPE%29+model+using+paired+days+from+the+Denver%2C+CO%2C+carbon+monoxide+field+study.&rft.au=Ott%2C+W%3BThomas%2C+J%3BMage%2C+D%3BWallace%2C+L&rft.aulast=Ott&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=2101&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.issn=13522310&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An air quality data analysis system for interrelating effects, standards, and needed source reductions: Part 10. Potential ambient O sub(3) standards to limit soybean crop reduction. AN - 15081195; 1875870 AB - Soybean percent crop reduction was estimated as a function of ambient O sub(3) concentrations for each of 80 agricultural sites in the National Aerometric Data Bank (NADB) for each available year of data for years 1981-1985. Fourteen O sub(3) concentration statistics were calculated for each of the resulting 320 site-years of data. The two statistics that correlated best with estimated crop reduction were an effective mean O sub(3) concentration (1 percent of variance unexplained) and an arithmetic mean O sub(3) concentration (4 percent unexplained). The worst correlation of the 14 was for the statistic used in the present O sub(3) National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS), the second highest daily maximum 1-h O sub(3) concentration (42 percent unexplained). The number of site-years for estimated percent soybean yield reductions was plotted versus increasing O sub(3) concentrations for each of the 14 O sub(3) statistics. A maximum crop reduction line was drawn on each plot. These lines were used to estimate (and list) potential ambient O sub(3) standards for each of the 14 statistics that would limit soybean crop reduction at agricultural NADB sites to 5, 10 15, or 20 percent. JF - J. AIR POLLUT. CONTROL ASSOC. AU - Larsen, R I AU - McCurdy, T R AU - Johnson, P M AU - Heck, W W AD - U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 1497 EP - 1503 VL - 38 IS - 12 KW - Glycine mix KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - ozone KW - statistical analysis KW - agriculture KW - air quality standards KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15081195?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+AIR+POLLUT.+CONTROL+ASSOC.&rft.atitle=An+air+quality+data+analysis+system+for+interrelating+effects%2C+standards%2C+and+needed+source+reductions%3A+Part+10.+Potential+ambient+O+sub%283%29+standards+to+limit+soybean+crop+reduction.&rft.au=Larsen%2C+R+I%3BMcCurdy%2C+T+R%3BJohnson%2C+P+M%3BHeck%2C+W+W&rft.aulast=Larsen&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1497&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=J.+AIR+POLLUT.+CONTROL+ASSOC.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - air quality standards; ozone; agriculture; statistical analysis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Efficiency of uptake of hexachlorobenzene from water by the tellinid clam, Macoma nasuta . AN - 15076352; 1872859 AB - A study was undertaken to determine the efficiency with which a marine deposit-feeding clam (Macoma nasuta ) extracted hexachlorobenzene (HCB) from water (EPW). An exposure chamber (clam-box) was designed that separated the inhalant and exhalant siphons, allowing the collection of ventilated water. Seawater dosed with super(14)C-labeled HCB was pumped into the inhalant chamber of the clambox. Clams were exposed to three temperatures (12, 17, 22 degree C) to vary weight-specific ventilation volume (Vg). Loss of HCB from the exhalant chamber precluded determination of EPW from the difference in HCB concentrations between the inhalant and exhalant chambers. Instead, gross EPW was calculated by dividing the HCB tissue residues by the amount of HCB to which the clam was exposed (water ventilated x the HCB concentration). Gross EPW averaged 82%. Correcting for non-gill uptake (surface sorption of HCB), gill EPW averaged 64-66%, and did not decrease with increasing Vg. JF - Aquatic Toxicology AU - Boese, B L AU - Lee, H II AU - Specht, D T AD - U.S. EPA, Hatfield Mar. Sci. Cent., Newport, OR 97365, USA Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 345 EP - 356 VL - 12 IS - 4 SN - 0166-445X, 0166-445X KW - aromatic hydrocarbons KW - cages KW - chemical pollutants KW - efficiency KW - hexachlorobenzene KW - toxicity tests KW - uptake KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Marine KW - Macoma nasuta KW - bioaccumulation KW - toxicity KW - O 4020:Pollution - Organisms/Ecology/Toxicology KW - Q1 08266:Physiology, biochemistry, biophysics KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - Q1 08422:Environmental effects KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - X 24153:Metabolism KW - Q1 08182:Methods and instruments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15076352?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aquatic+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Efficiency+of+uptake+of+hexachlorobenzene+from+water+by+the+tellinid+clam%2C+Macoma+nasuta+.&rft.au=Boese%2C+B+L%3BLee%2C+H+II%3BSpecht%2C+D+T&rft.aulast=Boese&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=345&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aquatic+Toxicology&rft.issn=0166445X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - chemical pollutants; toxicity; cages; toxicity tests; aromatic hydrocarbons; bioaccumulation; hexachlorobenzene; Macoma nasuta; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modeling ozone concentrations. AN - 15073483; 1876373 AB - Urban- and regional-scale models are needed to develop emission control policies that reduce ozone levels. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Schere, K L AD - EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 488 EP - 495 VL - 22 IS - 5 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - ozone KW - sociology KW - economics KW - air quality standards KW - emission control KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15073483?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Modeling+ozone+concentrations.&rft.au=Schere%2C+K+L&rft.aulast=Schere&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=488&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - ozone; emission control; economics; sociology; air quality standards ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Xenon-133 in California, Nevada, and Utah from the Chernobyl accident. AN - 15069137; 1859157 AB - The accident at the Chernobyl nuclear reactor in the USSR introduced numerous radioactive nuclides into the atmosphere including the noble gas xenon-133. EPA's Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory, Las Vegas, NV, detected xenon-133 from the Chernobyl accident in air samples from a monitoring network that consists of 15 stations located in Nevada, Utah, and California. The peak concentration of xenon-133 was found in weekly air samples collected during May 6-13, 1986. The network average concentration of xenon-133 was 41 pCi/m super(3) during that time. A lower average was found in air samples collected in the following week. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Holloway, R W AU - Liu, Chung-King AD - Environ. Monit. Syst. Lab., U.S. EPA, P.O. Box 93478, Las Vegas, NV 89193-3478, USA Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 583 EP - 586 VL - 22 IS - 5 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - USSR, Chernobyl KW - air sampling KW - California KW - Nevada KW - Utah KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - laboratory testing KW - accidents KW - radioisotopes KW - xenon KW - environmental monitoring KW - nuclear power plants KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - P 8000:RADIATION KW - H SI4.22:RADIOACTIVE FALLOUT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15069137?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Xenon-133+in+California%2C+Nevada%2C+and+Utah+from+the+Chernobyl+accident.&rft.au=Holloway%2C+R+W%3BLiu%2C+Chung-King&rft.aulast=Holloway&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=583&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - radioisotopes; accidents; laboratory testing; xenon; environmental monitoring; nuclear power plants ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chloroform: Available on tap. AN - 15058284; 1860403 AB - But one chemical--chloroform--was very different from the others in its multiplicity of sources. For all other chemicals studied, the major exposure route was air--inhalation accounted for a least 99 percent of exposure. Exposure to chloroform, on the other hand, can come from air, water, cold beverage, several foods, and even washing clothes or taking a shower. JF - Health & Environment Digest AU - Wallace, L AD - Off. Res. and Dev., U.S. EPA, Washington, DC 20460, USA Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 3 EP - 4 VL - 2 IS - 5 KW - pollutant dispersion KW - pollutant detection KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - chloroform KW - public health KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15058284?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Health+%26+Environment+Digest&rft.atitle=Chloroform%3A+Available+on+tap.&rft.au=Wallace%2C+L&rft.aulast=Wallace&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=3&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Health+%26+Environment+Digest&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - chloroform; public health ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Seasonal changes in the standing crop and chlorophyll content of Thalassia testudinum Banks ex Koenig and its epiphytes in the northern Gulf of Mexico. AN - 15046887; 1851622 AB - The seasonal cycles for standing crop and chlorophyll content of Thalassia testudinum Banks ex Koenig and its epiphytes are described from monitoring data collected at a study site in Santa Rosa Sound, northwestern Florida, from December 1983 through March 1987. Water temperature correlated more highly with standing crop and chlorophyll measurements than did salinity or incident light. The seasonal cycle described for Thalassia was positively correlated with temperature, whereas epiphyte standing crop was negatively correlated with water temperature. JF - Aquatic Botany AU - Macauley, J M AU - Clark, J R AU - Price, WA AD - U.S. EPA, Environ. Res. Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL 32561, USA Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 277 EP - 287 VL - 31 IS - 3-4 SN - 0304-3770, 0304-3770 KW - USA, Florida, Santa Rosa Sound KW - chlorophyll KW - chlorophylls KW - levels KW - standing crop KW - Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - Marine KW - ASW, USA, Florida, Santa Rosa Sound KW - biomass KW - epiphytes KW - environmental conditions KW - Thalassia testudinum KW - seasonal variations KW - O 1070:Ecology/Community Studies KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms KW - Q1 08481:Productivity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15046887?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aquatic+Botany&rft.atitle=Seasonal+changes+in+the+standing+crop+and+chlorophyll+content+of+Thalassia+testudinum+Banks+ex+Koenig+and+its+epiphytes+in+the+northern+Gulf+of+Mexico.&rft.au=Macauley%2C+J+M%3BClark%2C+J+R%3BPrice%2C+WA&rft.aulast=Macauley&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=277&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aquatic+Botany&rft.issn=03043770&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-05 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biomass; epiphytes; environmental conditions; seasonal variations; chlorophylls; standing crop; Thalassia testudinum; ASW, USA, Florida, Santa Rosa Sound; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of ethyl alcohol on thermoregulation in mice following the induction of hypothermia or hyperthermia. AN - 15027535; 1837435 AB - This study was designed to assess the effects of ethyl alcohol (ethanol) administration on behavioral and autonomic thermoregulation in mice subjected to severe hypothermia or hyperthermia. Relatively large dosages of ethanol impair behavioral and autonomic thermoregulation and may lower the set-point for the control of body temperature in mice. JF - Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior AU - Gordon, C J AU - Stead, A G AD - MD-74B, NTD, HERL, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 693 EP - 698 VL - 29 IS - 4 SN - 0091-3057, 0091-3057 KW - disruption KW - ethanol KW - mice KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts KW - thermoregulatory behavior KW - X 24180:Social poisons & drug abuse KW - Y 25507:Mammals (excluding primates) KW - Y 25817:Mammals (excluding primates) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15027535?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pharmacology+Biochemistry+and+Behavior&rft.atitle=Effect+of+ethyl+alcohol+on+thermoregulation+in+mice+following+the+induction+of+hypothermia+or+hyperthermia.&rft.au=Gordon%2C+C+J%3BStead%2C+A+G&rft.aulast=Gordon&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=693&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pharmacology+Biochemistry+and+Behavior&rft.issn=00913057&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - thermoregulatory behavior ER - TY - JOUR T1 - On the contribution of motor vehicles to the Athenian "nephos": An application of factor signatures. AN - 15023879; 1829984 AB - Suspended particles were sampled at several sites in Athens during the summer of 1982 and the winter of 1982-83. This paper examines the trace element and carbon composition of the Athens aerosol. Chemical element balances indicate that motor vehicle exhaust was a major contributor to fine particle mass concentrations. Statistical analyses of the ambient measurements indicate that the emissions of elemental and organic carbon by local vehicles were relatively high. The observed effects of an experiment in which stringent restrictions were placed on vehicle use were somewhat ambiguous. JF - Atmospheric Environment AU - Valaoras, G AU - Huntzicker, J J AU - White, W H AD - U.S. EPA, 401 M St. SW, PM-223, Washington, DC 20460, USA Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 965 EP - 971 VL - 22 IS - 5 SN - 1352-2310, 1352-2310 KW - Greece, Athens KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - statistical analysis KW - motor vehicles KW - aerosols KW - seasonal variations KW - trace elements KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15023879?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.atitle=On+the+contribution+of+motor+vehicles+to+the+Athenian+%22nephos%22%3A+An+application+of+factor+signatures.&rft.au=Valaoras%2C+G%3BHuntzicker%2C+J+J%3BWhite%2C+W+H&rft.aulast=Valaoras&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=965&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.issn=13522310&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aerosols; motor vehicles; seasonal variations; trace elements; statistical analysis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reduction of total toxic organic discharges and VOC emissions from paint stripping operations using plastic media blasting. AN - 15023520; 1829757 AB - Three depainting methods were compared for their ability to strip Army communications shelters: chemical stripping, sandblasting, and plastic media blasting (PMB). Each process was studied with respect to the economics, the environmental impact, and the quality of the product. Currently, large pieces of military equipment constructed of various alloys and composite materials are either sandblasted or chemically stripped. These methods have economic and environmental drawbacks. PMB is being evaluated by the U.S. Air Force for depainting military aircraft, and is currently being introduced to commercial aviation. The purpose of this study was to determine if the PMB method is applicable to Army communications shelters and whether it would be advantageous for the Army to convert to this procedure both from the perspective of process efficiency and pollution reduction. JF - J. HAZARDOUS MATER. AU - Wolbach, C D AU - McDonald, C AD - U.S. EPA, Water Eng. Res. Lab., Cincinnati, OH, USA Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 209 EP - 213 VL - 19 IS - 2 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - plastics KW - environmental impact KW - emission control KW - volatile organic compounds KW - economics KW - paints KW - pollution control KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15023520?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+HAZARDOUS+MATER.&rft.atitle=Reduction+of+total+toxic+organic+discharges+and+VOC+emissions+from+paint+stripping+operations+using+plastic+media+blasting.&rft.au=Wolbach%2C+C+D%3BMcDonald%2C+C&rft.aulast=Wolbach&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=209&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=J.+HAZARDOUS+MATER.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - paints; volatile organic compounds; plastics; economics; environmental impact; pollution control; emission control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comment on "estimation of effect of environmental tobacco smoke on air quality within passenger cabins of commercial aircraft". AN - 15021782; 1830457 JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Repace, J L AU - Lowrey, AH AD - U.S. EPA, Washington, DC 20460, USA Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 1238 EP - 1240 VL - 22 IS - 10 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - air quality KW - cigarettes KW - aircraft KW - smoke KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15021782?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Comment+on+%22estimation+of+effect+of+environmental+tobacco+smoke+on+air+quality+within+passenger+cabins+of+commercial+aircraft%22.&rft.au=Repace%2C+J+L%3BLowrey%2C+AH&rft.aulast=Repace&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1238&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aircraft; air quality; smoke; cigarettes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Removal of organic toxic pollutants by trickling filter and activated sludge. AN - 15021519; 1834133 AB - The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), in a long-term program, is conducting research to determine the ability of wastewater treatment processes to remove toxic organics. A previous publication reported removals by five less-than-secondary processes and by a conventional activated sludge process as control. One of the less-than-secondary processes was high rate trickling filter, which showed poor toxics removal when compared to the activated sludge system. Because of the numerous trickling filter systems in use for municipal wastewater treatment in the U.S., the high rate trickling filter was converted to a standard rate trickling filter and the toxics removal abilities were determined, again operating in parallel with an activated sludge system as a control. JF - J. WATER POLLUT. CONTROL FED. AU - Hannah, SA AU - Austern, B M AU - Eralp, A E AU - Dobbs, R A AD - U.S. EPA Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 1281 VL - 60 IS - 7 SN - 0043-1303, 0043-1303 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - toxic materials KW - activated sludge process KW - EPA KW - trickling filters KW - pollution control KW - municipal wastewater KW - P 3000:SEWAGE & WASTEWATER TREATMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15021519?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+WATER+POLLUT.+CONTROL+FED.&rft.atitle=Removal+of+organic+toxic+pollutants+by+trickling+filter+and+activated+sludge.&rft.au=Hannah%2C+SA%3BAustern%2C+B+M%3BEralp%2C+A+E%3BDobbs%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Hannah&rft.aufirst=SA&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1281&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=J.+WATER+POLLUT.+CONTROL+FED.&rft.issn=00431303&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - trickling filters; activated sludge process; EPA; municipal wastewater; pollution control; toxic materials ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Removing organic contaminants from groundwater. AN - 15019829; 1830431 AB - Results of a number of recent studies show that much of our nation's groundwater currently is or soon will become contaminated. A survey conducted by EPA has documented that 22% of approximately 466 randomly sampled utilities that use groundwater as their source have produced drinking water that contains volatile organic chemical (VOCs) at detectable levels. The various technologies being examined are discussed in this section, and a brief performance comparison is presented based on results to date. Table 1 summarizes the treatment technologies that DWRD is evaluating for removal of VOCs and synthetic organic chemicals (SOCs) from water supplies. JF - Environmental Science and Technology AU - Clark, R M AU - Fronk, CA AU - Lykins, BW Jr AD - U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 1126 EP - 1130 VL - 22 IS - 10 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - groundwater KW - water supplies KW - performance KW - volatile organic compounds KW - surveys KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15019829?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+and+Technology&rft.atitle=Removing+organic+contaminants+from+groundwater.&rft.au=Clark%2C+R+M%3BFronk%2C+CA%3BLykins%2C+BW+Jr&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1126&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+and+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - groundwater; volatile organic compounds; performance; water supplies; surveys ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Contribution of woodsmoke and motor vehicle emissions to ambient aerosol mutagenicity. AN - 15018505; 1830779 AB - A multiple linear regression form of receptor modeling has been used to determine the sources of the mutagenicity (a measure of potential carcinogenicity) of fine-particle ambient aerosol samples collected during the winter in a residential area of Albuquerque, NM. Virtually all the mutagenicity (Salmonella typhimurium TA98 +S9) could be accounted for by woodsmoke and motor vehicle emissions. Woodsmoke was found to be the greater contributor to the average ambient concentrations of both extractable organics and mutagenicity. The mutagenic potency (revertants per microgram) of extractable organics traced to motor vehicles, however, was 3 times greater than that with a woodsmoke origin. The results were confirmed by super(14)C measurements. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Lewis, C W AU - Baumgardner, R E AU - Stevens, R K AU - Claxton, L D AU - Lewtas, J AD - Atmos. Sci. Res. Lab., U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 968 EP - 971 VL - 22 IS - 8 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - New Mexico, Albuquerque KW - monitoring measurements KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - mutagens KW - automotive exhaust emissions KW - aerosols KW - H SM5.8.2:CHEMICALS (CORROSION) KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - H ST2.26:EMISSIONS AND EMISSION CONTROL KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15018505?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Contribution+of+woodsmoke+and+motor+vehicle+emissions+to+ambient+aerosol+mutagenicity.&rft.au=Lewis%2C+C+W%3BBaumgardner%2C+R+E%3BStevens%2C+R+K%3BClaxton%2C+L+D%3BLewtas%2C+J&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=968&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - automotive exhaust emissions; aerosols; mutagens ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Qualitative and quantitative environmental analysis by capillary column gas chromatography/lightpipe Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. AN - 15017200; 1830172 AB - A new state-of-art commercial gas chromatography/Fourier transform infrared (GC/FT-IR) lightpipe-containing system has been evaluated for its applicability to qualitative and quantitative environmental analysis of typical environmental contaminants. This system exhibited minimum identifiable quantities, for many compounds, in the 10-50-ng range. On a wide-bore capillary column, quantitation curves generated from chromatogram peak areas were linear over the 10-25-ng range. The mean correlation coefficient for 38 quantitation calibration curves on 24 standards was 0.976. The selectivity of the new system was evaluated with standards, soil, and still-bottom samples. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Gurka, D F AU - Pyle, S M AD - Qual. Assur. and Methods Dev. Div., Environ. Monit. Syst., Lab., U.S. EPA, Las Vegas, NV 89193-3478, USA Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 963 EP - 967 VL - 22 IS - 8 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - soils KW - pollutant detection KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - gas chromatography KW - environmental monitoring KW - contaminants KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15017200?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Qualitative+and+quantitative+environmental+analysis+by+capillary+column+gas+chromatography%2Flightpipe+Fourier+transform+infrared+spectrometry.&rft.au=Gurka%2C+D+F%3BPyle%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Gurka&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=963&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - gas chromatography; environmental monitoring; contaminants ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detailed hydrocarbon and aldehyde mobile source emissions from roadway studies. AN - 15017099; 1830797 AB - A field study was conducted along U.S. Highway 70 near Raleigh, NC, to evaluate methods for estimating emission factors and, in particular, for determining volatile organic carbon (VOC) species (i.e. individual hydrocarbons and aldehydes) emitted from traffic. Integrated samples were collected 1 m from the roadway between 7:30 and 8:30 a.m. at four different roadside locations representing various combinations of traffic conditions (cruise, acceleration, deceleration, and idle). The light-duty traffic component (> 90%) was classified by model year between 1975 and 1983. JF - Environmental Science and Technology AU - Zweidinger, R B AU - Sigsby, JE Jr AU - Tejada, S B AU - Stump, F D AU - Dropkin, D L AU - Ray, W D AU - Duncan, J W AD - Mobile Source Emiss. Res. Branch, Environ. Sci. Res. Lab., U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 956 EP - 962 VL - 22 IS - 8 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - North Carolina, Raleigh KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - aldehydes KW - automotive exhaust emissions KW - volatile organic compounds KW - hydrocarbons KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - H ST2.26:EMISSIONS AND EMISSION CONTROL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15017099?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+and+Technology&rft.atitle=Detailed+hydrocarbon+and+aldehyde+mobile+source+emissions+from+roadway+studies.&rft.au=Zweidinger%2C+R+B%3BSigsby%2C+JE+Jr%3BTejada%2C+S+B%3BStump%2C+F+D%3BDropkin%2C+D+L%3BRay%2C+W+D%3BDuncan%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Zweidinger&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=956&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+and+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - hydrocarbons; aldehydes; automotive exhaust emissions; volatile organic compounds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Indoor particle concentrations associated with use of tap water in portable humidifiers. AN - 15000485; 1810965 AB - A study was conducted in Boise, ID, residences to investigate the impact on indoor air quality of using tap water in portable home humidifiers. Commercially available units tested with tap water of known dissolved solids content included ultrasonic, impeller, and steam. Samples were collected for gravimetric analysis along with information on temperature, relative humidity, and air-exchange rates. Fine particle concentrations measured in the bedroom of one residence were greater than 590 mu g/m super(3) when an ultrasonic humidifier was operated in the kitchen using tap water containing 303 mg/L total dissolved solids. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Highsmith, V R AU - Rodes, CE AU - Hardy, R J AD - Environ. Monit. Syst. Lab., U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 1109 EP - 1112 VL - 22 IS - 9 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - Idaho, Boise KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - air quality KW - gravimetric analysis KW - humidity KW - indoor environments KW - particles KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15000485?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Indoor+particle+concentrations+associated+with+use+of+tap+water+in+portable+humidifiers.&rft.au=Highsmith%2C+V+R%3BRodes%2C+CE%3BHardy%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Highsmith&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1109&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - air quality; indoor environments; gravimetric analysis; humidity; particles ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Catalytic oxidation of groundwater stripping emissions. AN - 15000462; 1810938 AB - This paper reviews the applicability of catalytic oxidation to control groundwater air stripping gaseous effluents with special attention given to system designs and case histories. The variety of contaminants and catalyst poisons encountered in stripping operations are also reviewed. JF - Environmental Progress AU - Kosusko, M AU - Mullins, ME AU - Ramanathan, K AU - Rogers, T N AD - U.S. EPA, Air and Energy Eng. Res. Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 136 EP - 142 VL - 7 IS - 2 SN - 0278-4491, 0278-4491 KW - soils KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - effluent treatment KW - air stripping KW - oxidation KW - groundwater KW - catalysis KW - volatile organic compounds KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15000462?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Progress&rft.atitle=Catalytic+oxidation+of+groundwater+stripping+emissions.&rft.au=Kosusko%2C+M%3BMullins%2C+ME%3BRamanathan%2C+K%3BRogers%2C+T+N&rft.aulast=Kosusko&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=136&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Progress&rft.issn=02784491&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - catalysis; oxidation; air stripping; effluent treatment; groundwater; volatile organic compounds ER - TY - CONF T1 - The sampling of reactive atmospheric species by transition-flow reactor: Application to nitrogen species. AN - 14986634; 1802758 AB - Concentrations of nitric acid vapor and fine particulate were measured during the 1985 Nitrogen Species Methods Comparison Study at Claremont, California, with a transition-flow reactor. This system separates atmospheric gases and particles by differential diffusion in a transition-flow stream and thereby minimizes sampling artifacts for these reactive species. Error analysis showed that (HNO sub(3)) was determined with typical uncertainties (1 sigma ) of 5-8% and fine particulate (NO sub(3) super(-)) at typical uncertainties of 5-11%. JF - Atmospheric Environment AU - Ellestad, T G AU - Knapp, K T Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 1595 EP - 1600 VL - 22 IS - 8 KW - acid precipitation KW - California, Claremont KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - nitric acid KW - atmosphere KW - reactors KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14986634?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.atitle=The+sampling+of+reactive+atmospheric+species+by+transition-flow+reactor%3A+Application+to+nitrogen+species.&rft.au=Ellestad%2C+T+G%3BKnapp%2C+K+T&rft.aulast=Ellestad&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1595&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.issn=13522310&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special Section: The Nitrogen Species Methods Comparison Study. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ambient air analyses using nonspecific flame ionization and electron capture detection compared to specific detection by mass spectroscopy. AN - 14984227; 1801988 AB - Amblent air samples from various studies were analyzed for a specific set of trace-level volatile organic compounds by using a gas chromatograph (GC) equipped with a flame ionization detector (FID) in parallel with an electron capture detector (ECD). The samples were then reanalyzed on a second GC system equipped with a mass selective detector (MSD). GC-FID/ECD data were compared to the nominally correct GC-MSD data to determine the accuracy of the nonspecific detectors, which often do not differentiate the targeted compound from interfering compounds. Qualitative accuracy (capability for correctly identifying compounds on the basis of retention time only) and quantitative accuracy (capability for correctly identifying compounds on the basis of retention time only) and quantitative accuracy (capability for correctly measuring the concentration of an identified compound on the basis of peak area) were evaluated. JF - J. AIR POLLUT. CONTROL ASSOC. AU - Pleil, J D AU - Oliver, K D AU - McClenny, WA AD - Methods Dev. Branch, Environ. Monit. Syst. Lab., U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 1006 EP - 1010 VL - 38 IS - 8 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - gas chromatography KW - volatile organic compounds KW - mass spectroscopy KW - air sampling KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14984227?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+AIR+POLLUT.+CONTROL+ASSOC.&rft.atitle=Ambient+air+analyses+using+nonspecific+flame+ionization+and+electron+capture+detection+compared+to+specific+detection+by+mass+spectroscopy.&rft.au=Pleil%2C+J+D%3BOliver%2C+K+D%3BMcClenny%2C+WA&rft.aulast=Pleil&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1006&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=J.+AIR+POLLUT.+CONTROL+ASSOC.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - mass spectroscopy; gas chromatography; volatile organic compounds; air sampling ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of improved inlets and annular denuder systems to measure inorganic air pollutants. AN - 14983705; 1802904 AB - Modifications were made to various components of an annular denuder system for the collection of ambient SO sub(2), HNO sub(3), HNO sub(2), NH sub(3), SO sub(4) super(2) super(-), and NO sub(3) super(-). The annular denuder was modified to incorporate a laminar restoration section as part of the annular denuder itself in order to reduce construction costs and to minimize leaks in the system during field operation. Teflon-coated glass impactors and cyclone inlets for the annular denuders were developed and evaluated for their inertness to acidic gases collected in the annular denuders. Paired samples were collected over a period of several months on the roof of the EPA laboratory in Research Triangle Park, NC in order to compare the new inlets. For 17 sampling runs when two different types of inlets were compared, average differences for the measurement of SO sub(2), HNO sub(3), and HNO sub(2) were 3.4, 6.4 and 8.3% respectively. JF - Atmospheric Environment AU - Vossler, T L AU - Stevens, R K AU - Paur, R J AU - Baumgardner, R E AU - Bell, J P AD - U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 1729 EP - 1736 VL - 22 IS - 8 SN - 1352-2310, 1352-2310 KW - air pollutants KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - chromatography KW - EPA KW - sampling methods KW - particulates KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14983705?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+improved+inlets+and+annular+denuder+systems+to+measure+inorganic+air+pollutants.&rft.au=Vossler%2C+T+L%3BStevens%2C+R+K%3BPaur%2C+R+J%3BBaumgardner%2C+R+E%3BBell%2C+J+P&rft.aulast=Vossler&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1729&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.issn=13522310&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - EPA; chromatography; particulates; sampling methods ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evidence for cloud venting of mixed layer ozone and aerosols. AN - 14980560; 1800498 AB - Observations are presented which substantiate the hypothesis that significant vertical exchange of ozone (O sub(3)) and aerosol pollutants occurs between the mixed layer and the free troposphere during cumulus cloud convective activity. Flight experiments conducted in July 1981 utilized the airborne UV-DIAL (Ultra-Violet Differential Absorption Lidar) system developed by NASA. This system provides simultaneous range resolved O sub(3) concentration and aerosol backscatter profiles with high spatial resolution. Data were obtained during the afternoon along east-west and south-north intersecting transects over North Carolina in the presence of active, non-precipitating cumulus clouds. JF - Atmospheric Environment AU - Ching, JKS AU - Shipley, ST AU - Browell, E V AD - U.S. EPA., Atmos. Sci. Res. Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 225 EP - 242 VL - 22 IS - 2 SN - 1352-2310, 1352-2310 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - clouds KW - ozone KW - lidar KW - aerosols KW - boundary layers KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14980560?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.atitle=Evidence+for+cloud+venting+of+mixed+layer+ozone+and+aerosols.&rft.au=Ching%2C+JKS%3BShipley%2C+ST%3BBrowell%2C+E+V&rft.aulast=Ching&rft.aufirst=JKS&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=225&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.issn=13522310&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - ozone; aerosols; lidar; clouds; boundary layers ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Weighing environmental risks: EPA'S unfinished business. AN - 14980328; 1800572 AB - The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Unfinished Business project was an attempt to put in perspective the myriad environmental problems facing the agency and the nation. Agency experts' views on environmental risks, arrived at through comparative risk assessment, often contrast with agency program priorities and current public perceptions. JF - ENVIRONMENT. AU - Morgenstern, R AU - Sessions, S AD - Off. Policy Anal., U.S. EPA, Washington, DC, USA Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 VL - 30 IS - 6 SN - 0013-9149, 0013-9149 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - EPA KW - risk assessment KW - pollution control KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - H SE1.5:STANDARDS, LAWS, REGULATIONS, AND POLICY UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14980328?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ENVIRONMENT.&rft.atitle=Weighing+environmental+risks%3A+EPA%27S+unfinished+business.&rft.au=Morgenstern%2C+R%3BSessions%2C+S&rft.aulast=Morgenstern&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=vp&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=ENVIRONMENT.&rft.issn=00139149&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - EPA; risk assessment; pollution control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Performance of a Gaussian model for centerline concentrations in the wake of buildings. AN - 14974302; 1799797 AB - This paper examines the performance and inherent limitations of a Gaussian plume model for predicting ground-level plume centerline concentrations in the wake of buildings. The Gaussian plume equation has been modified to incorporate building wake enhanced dispersion parameters. Model-predicted concentrations were compared to three sets of field observations. Predicted and observed concentrations were partitioned into groups by source-receptor distance, atmospheric stability class, and source-release height. The group analyses provided a way to identify sources of model error. The variability or errors was found to have values between 50 and 100% of the mean observed concentration for groups where the mean error was small. JF - Atmospheric Environment AU - Huber, AH AD - Atmos. Sci. Res. Lab., U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 1039 EP - 1050 VL - 22 IS - 6 SN - 1352-2310, 1352-2310 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - air quality KW - plumes KW - buildings KW - atmosphere KW - mathematical models KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14974302?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.atitle=Performance+of+a+Gaussian+model+for+centerline+concentrations+in+the+wake+of+buildings.&rft.au=Huber%2C+AH&rft.aulast=Huber&rft.aufirst=AH&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1039&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.issn=13522310&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - atmosphere; air quality; mathematical models; buildings; plumes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Science, evidence and regulation. AN - 14970315; 1795154 AB - The author, however, misses several key philosophical issues which must be understood in order to see the rationality underlying regulatory decisions such as will occur for Rn. We discuss these issues below in no particular order. JF - Health Physics AU - Cothern, C R AU - Crawford-Brown, D J AD - Sci. Adv. Board, Off. Adm., U.S. EPA, Washington, DC 20460, USA Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 566 VL - 54 IS - 5 SN - 0017-9078, 0017-9078 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - radon KW - EPA KW - risk assessment KW - federal regulations KW - P 8000:RADIATION KW - H SE3.9.1:RADIATION HAZARDS UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14970315?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Health+Physics&rft.atitle=Science%2C+evidence+and+regulation.&rft.au=Cothern%2C+C+R%3BCrawford-Brown%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Cothern&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=566&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Health+Physics&rft.issn=00179078&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - radon; federal regulations; EPA; risk assessment ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fate of dyes in aquatic systems: I. Solubility and partitioning of some hydrophobic dyes and related compounds. AN - 14966045; 1793147 AB - Solubilities and vapor pressures from the literature are combined with calculated octanol/water partition coefficients, K sub(ow), to assess the expected environmental behavior of about 50 dyes. Most of the older disperse dyes (those that have been in use for decades) have solubilities on the order of 10 super(-7) to 10 super(-6) M. This solubility suggests the potential for a 30- to 150-fold concentration enhancement in sediments and bioconcentration of about 1,000 times in the absence of metabolism. The data also indicate that solubilities computed from K sub(ow) (estimated by the substituent method) may be significantly overestimated and that the product of subcooled liquid solubility and estimated K sub(ow) for disperse dyes is 10 to 100 times smaller than reported for most other compounds. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Baughman, G L AU - Perenich, T A AD - Environ. Res. Lab., U.S. EPA, Athens, GA 30613, USA Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 183 EP - 199 VL - 7 IS - 3 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - aquatic environments KW - pollutant dispersion KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - sorption KW - dyes KW - sediments KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - H SI6.1:BASIC APPROACHES, CONCEPTS, AND THEORY UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14966045?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Fate+of+dyes+in+aquatic+systems%3A+I.+Solubility+and+partitioning+of+some+hydrophobic+dyes+and+related+compounds.&rft.au=Baughman%2C+G+L%3BPerenich%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=Baughman&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=183&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - dyes; sediments; sorption ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effect of inherited contamination on egg and larval winter flounder, Pseudopleuronectes americanus . AN - 14965044; 1790848 AB - The exposure of adult winter flounder, Pseudopleuronectes americanus , to contaminated estuarine environments and a possible impact of this exposure on their progeny was investigated. Polluted study areas included Gaspee Point in upper Narragansett Bay, RI, New Bedford Harbor in Buzzards Bay, MA, noted for its PCB contamination, and Apponagansett Bay, MA, a less contaminated site near New Bedford. Fox Island, a relatively clean area in lower Narragansett Bay, served a reference area. Linear regression analysis indicated a significant inverse relationship between PCB content of the eggs and length or weight at hatch. The adverse ecological consequence of small size at hatch is discussed. JF - Marine environmental research. London AU - Black, DE AU - Phelps, D K AU - Lapan, R L AD - Environ. Res. Lab., EPA, South Ferry Rd., Narragansett, RI 02882, USA Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 45 EP - 62 VL - 25 IS - 1 SN - 0141-1136, 0141-1136 KW - offspring KW - PCB compounds KW - PCB KW - environmental effects KW - fish eggs KW - fish larvae KW - Oceanic Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - marine pollution KW - Pseudopleuronectes americanus KW - ecology KW - Marine KW - eggs KW - larvae KW - O 4020:Pollution - Organisms/Ecology/Toxicology KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - X 24156:Environmental impact UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14965044?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+environmental+research.+London&rft.atitle=The+effect+of+inherited+contamination+on+egg+and+larval+winter+flounder%2C+Pseudopleuronectes+americanus+.&rft.au=Black%2C+DE%3BPhelps%2C+D+K%3BLapan%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Black&rft.aufirst=DE&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=45&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Marine+environmental+research.+London&rft.issn=01411136&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pseudopleuronectes americanus; eggs; larvae; PCB compounds; ecology; marine pollution; PCB; environmental effects; fish eggs; fish larvae; offspring; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Some characteristics of ozone formation in the urban plume of St. Louis, MO. AN - 14948384; 1768937 AB - The O sub(3) measurements from the Regional Air Monitoring System (RAMS) in St. Louis in the upwind and downwind flow directions have been used to evaluate the first day impact of the urban plume of St. Louis. The time periods between April and October 1975 and 1976 have been utilized for this purpose. Ozone formation in the urban plume has been evaluated with respect to the distribution of O sub(3) concentrations at RAMS stations downwind. The relationships between O sub(3) concentrations in the urban plume and such meteorological parameters as wind direction, wind speed, temperature, solar radiation intensity and maximum mixing heights have been investigated. Plume widths also have been estimated and related to plume O sub(3) intensities. JF - Atmospheric Environment AU - Altshuller, A P AD - Atmos. Sci. Res. Lab., Off. Res. and Dev., U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 499 EP - 510 VL - 22 IS - 3 SN - 1352-2310, 1352-2310 KW - Missouri, St. Louis KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - plumes KW - ozone KW - urban areas KW - atmosphere KW - meteorology KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14948384?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.atitle=Some+characteristics+of+ozone+formation+in+the+urban+plume+of+St.+Louis%2C+MO.&rft.au=Altshuller%2C+A+P&rft.aulast=Altshuller&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=499&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.issn=13522310&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - ozone; urban areas; plumes; meteorology; atmosphere ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A model analysis of metal partitioning in a hazardous waste incineration system. AN - 14948209; 1769008 AB - The 1984 Amendments to the Solid Waste Act require that wastes listed under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) be analyzed to assess the feasibility of further banning from land disposal. Incineration is expected to be used more often for disposing of either the banned wastes directly or the residues of various treatment processes. Incineration of hazardous wastes, municipal wastes and industrial sludges produces some extent of trace metals. This paper provides a preliminary model concept for analyzing metal partitioning during incineration. The paper concludes that a model for predicting metal partitioning phenomena is feasible and could reduce costs in conducting metal emission testing in the field. JF - J. AIR POLLUT. CONTROL ASSOC. AU - Lee, C C AD - U.S. EPA, Hazard. Waste Eng. Res. Lab., Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 941 EP - 945 VL - 38 IS - 7 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - metals KW - incineration KW - hazardous wastes KW - waste disposal KW - feasibility studies KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14948209?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+AIR+POLLUT.+CONTROL+ASSOC.&rft.atitle=A+model+analysis+of+metal+partitioning+in+a+hazardous+waste+incineration+system.&rft.au=Lee%2C+C+C&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=941&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=J.+AIR+POLLUT.+CONTROL+ASSOC.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - hazardous wastes; incineration; feasibility studies; metals; waste disposal ER - TY - JOUR T1 - USEPA radioactive waste disposal standards: Issued and under development. AN - 14936839; 1762334 AB - The U.S. EPA has issued and is developing generally applicable environmental standards for the disposal of radioactive wastes. Standards have been issued for the disposal of spent nuclear fuel, high-level and transuranic wastes, and for uranium mill tailings. Standards are being developed for the land disposal of low-level radioactive wastes and for wastes considered "Below Regulatory Concern." Regulations for ocean disposal of low-level radioactive wastes are also under consideration. JF - NUCL. CHEM. WASTE MANAGE. AU - Holcomb, W F AU - Clark, R L AU - Dyer, R S AU - Galpin, F L AD - U.S. EPA, Off. Radiat. Programs, Washington, DC 20460, USA Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 3 EP - 12 VL - 8 IS - 1 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - EPA KW - nuclear fuels KW - radioactive wastes KW - transuranics KW - waste disposal KW - P 8000:RADIATION KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14936839?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NUCL.+CHEM.+WASTE+MANAGE.&rft.atitle=USEPA+radioactive+waste+disposal+standards%3A+Issued+and+under+development.&rft.au=Holcomb%2C+W+F%3BClark%2C+R+L%3BDyer%2C+R+S%3BGalpin%2C+F+L&rft.aulast=Holcomb&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=3&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=NUCL.+CHEM.+WASTE+MANAGE.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - radioactive wastes; waste disposal; nuclear fuels; transuranics; EPA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measurement of atmospheric concentrations of common household pesticides: A pilot study. AN - 14933649; 1765877 AB - Air concentrations of 28 of the most commonly used household pesticides were measured inside nine homes in Jacksonville, Florida, and compared with corresponding outdoor levels. The households selected were sorted into three categories according to the degree of pesticide indoor usage. Personal air monitoring was also performed on one resident of each household by means of a portable sampler, which was kept with the person at all times. Five of the pesticides were found in the air inside of the majority of the homes at concentrations as high as 15 mu g m super(-3). Indoor levels were generally one to two orders of magnitude higher than surrounding outdoor air levels and personal air measurements were within plus or minus 50% of corresponding indoor values. All samples were collected over 24-hr periods on polyurethane foam and analyzed by capillary column gas chromatography with mass spectrometric and/or electron capture detection. JF - Environmental Monitoring and Assessment AU - Lewis, R G AU - Bond, A E AD - U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 59 EP - 73 VL - 10 IS - 1 SN - 0167-6369, 0167-6369 KW - Florida, Jacksonville KW - monitoring measurements KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - air quality KW - indoor environments KW - atmosphere KW - mass spectroscopy KW - pesticides KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14933649?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.atitle=Measurement+of+atmospheric+concentrations+of+common+household+pesticides%3A+A+pilot+study.&rft.au=Lewis%2C+R+G%3BBond%2C+A+E&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=59&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.issn=01676369&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - atmosphere; pesticides; air quality; mass spectroscopy; indoor environments ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Managing municipal solid waste. AN - 14926457; 1761887 AB - It is necessary to cut the quantity of waste produced and substantially increase our recycling rate. Next, incineration, with attendant energy-recovery, is going to be necessary in urban areas, where new landfills will be difficult or impossible to develop. And we will still need well-managed landfills to handle some solid waste directly, as well as to receive incinerator ash or nonrecyclable items. JF - J. AIR POLLUT. CONTROL ASSOC. AU - Thomas, L M AD - U.S. EPA, Washington, DC, USA Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 750 EP - 751 VL - 38 IS - 6 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - recycling KW - urban areas KW - municipal solid wastes KW - landfills KW - energy recovery KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14926457?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+AIR+POLLUT.+CONTROL+ASSOC.&rft.atitle=Managing+municipal+solid+waste.&rft.au=Thomas%2C+L+M&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=750&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=J.+AIR+POLLUT.+CONTROL+ASSOC.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - municipal solid wastes; recycling; energy recovery; urban areas; landfills ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Performance/cost estimates for retrofitting control technologies at 12 coal-fired power plants. AN - 14925714; 1761735 AB - The U.S. EPA's Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory is responsible for assessing control technology performance and costs under the National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program. A major part of this assessment involves developing site-specific estimates of the performance and costs of retrofitting SO sub(2) and NO sub(x) control technologies for the top 200 SO sub(2)-emitting (1980) coal-fired power plants in the 31-state eastern region. This effort includes detailed evaluation of a small number of plants (30 or less) representing a cross-section of the top 200 population. In cooperation with the states of Ohio and Kentucky efforts were undertaken to visit and conduct detailed evaluation of 12 coal-fired plants-five in Ohio, seven in Kentucky and the Tennessee Valley Authority System. A variety of commercial and advanced SO sub(2) and NO sub(x) control technologies-including precombustion, combustion, and postcombustion technologies-were applied to each plant through conceptual designs. Retrofit factors, cost "adders", and costs were developed for applying the control technologies to the boilers of each plant. JF - J. AIR POLLUT. CONTROL ASSOC. AU - Jones, J W AU - Emmel, TE AU - Laseke, BA AD - U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 852 VL - 38 IS - 6 KW - NAPAP KW - acid precipitation KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - sulfur dioxide KW - power plants KW - control systems KW - performance KW - coal KW - nitrogen oxides KW - economics KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14925714?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+AIR+POLLUT.+CONTROL+ASSOC.&rft.atitle=Performance%2Fcost+estimates+for+retrofitting+control+technologies+at+12+coal-fired+power+plants.&rft.au=Jones%2C+J+W%3BEmmel%2C+TE%3BLaseke%2C+BA&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=852&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=J.+AIR+POLLUT.+CONTROL+ASSOC.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - coal; power plants; performance; economics; sulfur dioxide; nitrogen oxides; control systems ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Capacity of aquatic bacteria to act as recipients of plasmid DNA. AN - 14913415; 1745113 AB - A total of 68 gram-negative freshwater bacterial isolates were screened for their ability to receive and express plasmids from Pseudomonas aeruginosa donors. The plate mating technique identified 26 of the isolates as recipient active the self-transmissible wide-host-range plasmid R68; 10 were recipient active by R68 mobilization for the wide-host-range plasmid cloning vector R1162. Frequencies of transfer were compared by using three conjugal transfer procedures: broth, plate, and filter mating. For every recipient tested, a solid environment was superior to a liquid environment for transfer. The broth mating technique failed to demonstrate R68 transfer in 63% of the recipient-active isolates. Filter mating, yielded the highest transfer frequencies. The more-rapid plate mating procedure, however, was just as sensitive for testing the capacity of natural isolates to participate in conjugal plasmid transfer. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Genthner, F J AU - Chatterjee, P AU - Barkay, T AU - Bourquin, A W AD - Environ. Res. Lab., Microbiol. Ecol. and Biotechnol. Branch, US EPA, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561, USA Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 115 EP - 117 VL - 54 IS - 1 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - aquatic bacteria KW - donors KW - plasmid R68 KW - recipients KW - transfer KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - aquatic organisms KW - bacteria KW - DNA KW - plasmids KW - Freshwater KW - Pseudomonas aeruginosa KW - J 02760:Plasmids KW - Q1 08205:Genetics and evolution KW - G 07200:P PLASMIDS UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14913415?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Capacity+of+aquatic+bacteria+to+act+as+recipients+of+plasmid+DNA.&rft.au=Genthner%2C+F+J%3BChatterjee%2C+P%3BBarkay%2C+T%3BBourquin%2C+A+W&rft.aulast=Genthner&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=115&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-05 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquatic organisms; bacteria; DNA; plasmids; aquatic bacteria; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The unfulfilled promise of the 1985 Food Security Act. AN - 14910919; 1735391 AB - The Food Security Act of 1985 represents a major shift in agricultural legislation in the United States. While the emphasis on controlling various commodity supplies and concern about the financial plight of American farmers and ranchers remained paramount, the legislation placed more emphasis on conservation of soil and water resources. The act strongly suggests that Americans are concerned not only with supply control, future productivity, and farm income but also want to limit the negative impacts of agriculture on the environment. The American people were promised improvements in the quality of their environmental resources, such as water quality and wildlife habitat. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Lovejoy, S B AD - Policy Anal., U.S. EPA, Washington, DC 20450, USA Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 85 VL - 43 IS - 1 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - Food Security Act-1985 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - conservation KW - legislation KW - agriculture KW - crops KW - H SE2.5:STANDARDS, LAWS, REGULATIONS, AND POLICY UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14910919?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=The+unfulfilled+promise+of+the+1985+Food+Security+Act.&rft.au=Lovejoy%2C+S+B&rft.aulast=Lovejoy&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=85&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agriculture; legislation; crops; conservation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regulating water quality: A farmer's perspective. AN - 14905937; 1735897 JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Erwin, W AD - U.S. EPA, 2595 14B Rd., Bourbon, IN 46504, USA Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 65 EP - 66 VL - 43 IS - 1 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - water quality KW - conservation KW - ecology KW - federal regulations KW - pollution control KW - agriculture KW - nonpoint pollution KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - H SE3.5:STANDARDS, LAWS, REGULATIONS, AND POLICY UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14905937?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Regulating+water+quality%3A+A+farmer%27s+perspective.&rft.au=Erwin%2C+W&rft.aulast=Erwin&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=65&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agriculture; water quality; pollution control; nonpoint pollution; federal regulations; conservation; ecology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Wood smoke impacted air: Mutagenicity and chemical analysis of ambient air in a residential area of Juneau, Alaska. AN - 14905238; 1729307 AB - An ambient air sampling program was conducted in a wood smoke impacted residential area of Juneau, Alaska during the winter of 1985-86. This study was undertaken to determine the bacterial mutagenicity (Ames test) and chemical characteristics of respirable particulate matter collected in this area. JF - J. AIR POLLUT. CONTROL ASSOC. AU - Watts, R R AU - Drago, R J AU - Merrill, R G AU - Williams, R W AU - Perry, E AU - Lewtas, J AD - U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 USA Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 652 EP - 660 VL - 38 IS - 5 KW - Alaska, Juneau KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - chemical analysis KW - mutagens KW - wood KW - bioassays KW - smoke KW - particulates KW - air sampling KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14905238?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+AIR+POLLUT.+CONTROL+ASSOC.&rft.atitle=Wood+smoke+impacted+air%3A+Mutagenicity+and+chemical+analysis+of+ambient+air+in+a+residential+area+of+Juneau%2C+Alaska.&rft.au=Watts%2C+R+R%3BDrago%2C+R+J%3BMerrill%2C+R+G%3BWilliams%2C+R+W%3BPerry%2C+E%3BLewtas%2C+J&rft.aulast=Watts&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=652&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=J.+AIR+POLLUT.+CONTROL+ASSOC.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - wood; smoke; air sampling; chemical analysis; particulates; mutagens; bioassays ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Indoor air pollution source database. AN - 14891439; 1729250 AB - High concentrations of pollutants in the indoor environment can often be traced to indoor sources. The importance of these sources has been recently emphasized by weatherization and energy conservation techniques, which decrease the infiltration of ambient air and allow the concentrations of harmful chemicals to accumulate in the indoor environment. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency recognized the need to gather available source characterization experimental data into a computerized database to provide the medium for data transfer between source characterization researchers and interest groups including monitoring teams, policymakers, private industry and consumer groups. JF - J. AIR POLLUT. CONTROL ASSOC. AU - Bare, J C AD - U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 670 EP - 671 VL - 38 IS - 5 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - ventilation KW - indoor environments KW - data bases KW - air pollution KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14891439?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+AIR+POLLUT.+CONTROL+ASSOC.&rft.atitle=Indoor+air+pollution+source+database.&rft.au=Bare%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Bare&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=670&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=J.+AIR+POLLUT.+CONTROL+ASSOC.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - data bases; air pollution; indoor environments; ventilation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Response of an Alaskan wetland to nutrient enrichment. AN - 14889697; 1729578 AB - Studies were performed to determine the effects of nutrient addition to an Alaskan freshwater wetland. Nitrogen (as urea), phosphorus (as a super triple phosphate fertilizer), and secondary sewage were added to a freshwater Sphagnum wetland. Changes in the end-of-season standing biomass of the herb and shrub community were estimated. The nutrient-depth distribution in the Sphagnum was also recorded. Plots receiving the urea and phosphate fertilizer showed increased biomass when compared to controls. No changes in community structure were observed. Added nutrients appeared to be retained in the surface of the Sphagnum . JF - Aquatic Botany AU - Sanville, W AD - U.S. EPA, Environ. Res. Lab., Duluth, 6201 Congdon Blvd., Duluth, MN 55804, USA Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 231 EP - 243 VL - 30 IS - 3 SN - 0304-3770, 0304-3770 KW - biocenosis KW - community structure KW - habitat improvement (chemical) KW - nitrogen KW - nutrient enrichment KW - nutrients (mineral) KW - phosphorus KW - plant communities KW - plant populations KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Ecology Abstracts KW - USA, Alaska KW - Sphagnum KW - sewage KW - biomass KW - Freshwater KW - wetlands KW - D 04200:Wetlands KW - Q5 08521:Mechanical and natural changes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14889697?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aquatic+Botany&rft.atitle=Response+of+an+Alaskan+wetland+to+nutrient+enrichment.&rft.au=Sanville%2C+W&rft.aulast=Sanville&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=231&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aquatic+Botany&rft.issn=03043770&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-05 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - plant populations; sewage; biomass; wetlands; phosphorus; nutrients (mineral); habitat improvement (chemical); nitrogen; plant communities; community structure; nutrient enrichment; Sphagnum; USA, Alaska; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A guidance manual for selection and use of sorbents for liquid hazardous substance releases. AN - 14886034; 1725997 AB - The document described herein is a guidance manual developed to provide information for the selection and use of sorbents for cleanup or control of liquid hazardous substances. Literature reviews, sorbent manufacturer data and experiences of Federal On-Scene Coordinators were reviewed in conjunction with laboratory studies to determine the compatibility and sorption capacity of selected representative hazardous liquid-sorbent pairs. The combined experimental and literature data were used to prepare the manual. On-scene coordinators and their technical support personnel are the primary target audience for the manual. JF - J. HAZARDOUS MATER. AU - Melvold, R W AU - Gibson, S C AD - U.S. EPA, Hazard. Waste Eng. Res. Lab., Cincinnati, OH, USA Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 329 EP - 335 VL - 17 IS - 3 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - hazardous materials KW - EPA KW - materials handling KW - landfills KW - laboratory testing KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14886034?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+HAZARDOUS+MATER.&rft.atitle=A+guidance+manual+for+selection+and+use+of+sorbents+for+liquid+hazardous+substance+releases.&rft.au=Melvold%2C+R+W%3BGibson%2C+S+C&rft.aulast=Melvold&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=329&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=J.+HAZARDOUS+MATER.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - hazardous materials; laboratory testing; landfills; materials handling; EPA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Total mass emissions from a hazardous waste incinerator. AN - 14884999; 1723707 AB - The full report presents results of a characterization of incinerator effluents to the extent that the emitted compounds can be identified and quantified. Measurements were made of both Appendix VII and non-Appendix VIII compounds in all effluents (stack, ash, water, etc.) from a full-scale incinerator. A broad array of sampling and analysis techniques were used. Sampling methods included Modified Method 5, volatile organic sampling train (VOST), and specific techniques for compounds such as formaldehyde. Analysis techniques included gas chromatograph (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Continuous measurements were also made for a variety of compounds including total hydrocarbons by flame ionization detection (FID). JF - J. HAZARDOUS MATER. AU - Trenholm, A AU - Lapp, T AU - Scheil, G AU - Cootes, J AU - Klamm, S AU - Cassady, C AD - U.S. EPA, Hazard. Waste Eng. Res. Lab., Cincinnati, OH, USA Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 99 EP - 106 VL - 18 IS - 1 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - mass spectroscopy KW - emission control KW - hazardous materials KW - gas chromatography KW - waste management KW - incinerators KW - volatile organic compounds KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14884999?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+HAZARDOUS+MATER.&rft.atitle=Total+mass+emissions+from+a+hazardous+waste+incinerator.&rft.au=Trenholm%2C+A%3BLapp%2C+T%3BScheil%2C+G%3BCootes%2C+J%3BKlamm%2C+S%3BCassady%2C+C&rft.aulast=Trenholm&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=99&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=J.+HAZARDOUS+MATER.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - incinerators; hazardous materials; waste management; emission control; volatile organic compounds; gas chromatography; mass spectroscopy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of high sulfur dioxide concentrations and carbon dioxide in electric utility plants by alkaline permanganate sampling and ion chromatography. AN - 14879972; 1723818 AB - A manual 24-h integrated method for determining high concentrations of SO sub(2) and CO sub(2) in electric utility plants was field-tested upstream from an SO sub(2) control system. Samples were collected in an alkaline, potassium-permanganate solution contained in restricted-orifice impingers. JF - J. AIR POLLUT. CONTROL ASSOC. AU - Margeson, J H AU - Knoll, JE AU - Midgett, M R AD - Environ. Monit. Syst. Lab., U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 388 EP - 391 VL - 38 IS - 4 KW - electric power plants KW - alkaline permanganate KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - chromatography KW - sulfur dioxide KW - air sampling KW - carbon dioxide KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14879972?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+AIR+POLLUT.+CONTROL+ASSOC.&rft.atitle=Determination+of+high+sulfur+dioxide+concentrations+and+carbon+dioxide+in+electric+utility+plants+by+alkaline+permanganate+sampling+and+ion+chromatography.&rft.au=Margeson%2C+J+H%3BKnoll%2C+JE%3BMidgett%2C+M+R&rft.aulast=Margeson&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=388&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=J.+AIR+POLLUT.+CONTROL+ASSOC.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - sulfur dioxide; carbon dioxide; chromatography; air sampling ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Oil recyclers target do-it-yourselfers. AN - 14879024; 1719404 AB - A 1986 review of state programs prepared for the U.S. EPA found that 19 of the 48 states surveyed (and the District of Columbia) were addressing the problems of Do-It-Yourselfer (DIY) used oil at the state level. The depressed crude oil market, and a lack of funding for new programs, were cited as the primary reasons why more states did not have programs. Another disincentive was the proposed listing of used oil as a RCRA hazardous waste (although EPA has since classified it non-hazardous). JF - Biocycle AU - Carney, S AD - Off. Solid Waste Energ. Resp., U.S. EPA, Washington, DC 20460, USA Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 46 EP - 47 VL - 29 IS - 4 SN - 0276-5055, 0276-5055 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - recycling KW - education KW - state programs KW - oil recovery KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT KW - H SE3.25:COMPOSTING, RECYCLING, REUSE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14879024?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biocycle&rft.atitle=Oil+recyclers+target+do-it-yourselfers.&rft.au=Carney%2C+S&rft.aulast=Carney&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=46&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biocycle&rft.issn=02765055&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - oil recovery; recycling; state programs; education ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Environmental Protection Agency's hazardous waste research and development program. AN - 14874191; 1719132 AB - The Environmental Protection Agency conducts research, development, and demonstrations supporting statutory missions to clean up and regulate solid and hazardous wastes. EPA's research, development, and demonstration program concentrates on predicting the transport and transformation of hazardous chemicals in soil, water, ground water, and the biosphere; improving environmental detection and monitoring methods; determining the effects of hazardous wastes on human health; evaluating existing waste control technologies; developing innovative and emerging waste control technologies; and assessing the risks to human health and ecosystems posed by hazardous wastes. Committed to scientific and engineering excellence, EPA has established university-based research centers to support long-term environmental research in science and engineering. A cornerstone of EPA's research program, projected to increase in importance as U.S. hazardous waste laws and regulations stabilize, is its technical assistance and dissemination of technical information to EPA regions and state and local governments regarding specific, technical operational or enforcement problems. JF - J. AIR POLLUT. CONTROL ASSOC. AU - Skinner, J H AU - Bassin, N J AD - U.S. EPA, Washington, DC 20460, USA Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 377 EP - 387 VL - 38 IS - 4 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - hazardous materials KW - waste management KW - research programs KW - solid wastes KW - EPA KW - risk assessment KW - public health KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT KW - H SE3.25:COMPOSTING, RECYCLING, REUSE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14874191?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+AIR+POLLUT.+CONTROL+ASSOC.&rft.atitle=The+Environmental+Protection+Agency%27s+hazardous+waste+research+and+development+program.&rft.au=Skinner%2C+J+H%3BBassin%2C+N+J&rft.aulast=Skinner&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=377&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=J.+AIR+POLLUT.+CONTROL+ASSOC.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - EPA; research programs; solid wastes; hazardous materials; waste management; risk assessment; public health ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Factors affecting the photochemical treatment of hazardous waste. AN - 14854205; 1685888 AB - Treatment of wastes by photochemical reaction differs from usual chemical techniques in that the prime reactant, light, somehow must be added to the system, which is usually contained in a glass vessel or outdoor treatment system. The light source may be the sun or a lamp of some type. Photochemical treatment can be optimized by taking into account various factors that influence photoreaction rates. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Zepp, R G AD - U.S. EPA, Res. Lab., Athens, GA 30613, USA Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 VL - 22 IS - 3 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - waste treatment KW - hazardous materials KW - chemical reactions KW - photolysis KW - photochemicals KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14854205?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Factors+affecting+the+photochemical+treatment+of+hazardous+waste.&rft.au=Zepp%2C+R+G&rft.aulast=Zepp&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - hazardous materials; waste treatment; chemical reactions; photochemicals; photolysis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relationship between the mass concentration and light attenuation of particulate emissions from coal-fired power plants. AN - 14853060; 1685690 AB - Data are presented on 40 mass concentration-light attenuation tests of particulate emissions at coal-fired power plants with electrostatic precipitator controls, and on particle size measurements at two plants near the high and low extremes in the range of the mass concentration-light attenuation ratio. Good correlations were observed between mass concentration and light attenuation measurements at most of the plants during the typically three-day test period. Ninety-three percent of the tests had correlation coefficients of 0.90 or better. The repeatability of the mass concentration-light attenuation tests at the same plants at different times was inconsistent. JF - J. AIR POLLUT. CONTROL ASSOC. AU - Conner, W D AU - Knapp, K T AD - Atmos. Sci. Res. Lab., U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 152 EP - 157 VL - 38 IS - 2 KW - monitoring measurements KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - coal KW - power plants KW - industrial emissions KW - particulates KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14853060?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+AIR+POLLUT.+CONTROL+ASSOC.&rft.atitle=Relationship+between+the+mass+concentration+and+light+attenuation+of+particulate+emissions+from+coal-fired+power+plants.&rft.au=Conner%2C+W+D%3BKnapp%2C+K+T&rft.aulast=Conner&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=152&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=J.+AIR+POLLUT.+CONTROL+ASSOC.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - particulates; coal; power plants; industrial emissions ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hazardous waste siting negotiation conducted in Rhode Island. AN - 14850168; 1689728 AB - In 1982 the state of Rhode Island passed the Hazardous Waste Management Facilities Act (HWMFA) requiring that the developers of a proposed hazardous waste management facility negotiate a siting agreement with the potential host community. JF - Resolve AU - Connors, K AD - U.S. EPA, 401 M St., S.W., Washington, DC 20460, USA Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 IS - 19 KW - mediation KW - Rhode Island KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - hazardous materials KW - waste management KW - legislation KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14850168?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Resolve&rft.atitle=Hazardous+waste+siting+negotiation+conducted+in+Rhode+Island.&rft.au=Connors%2C+K&rft.aulast=Connors&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=19&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Resolve&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - hazardous materials; waste management; legislation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Continuous measurement of diesel particulate emissions. AN - 14844620; 1683723 AB - Evaluation of emerging diesel particulate emissions control technology will require analytical procedures capable of continuous or " real-time" measurement of transient organic and elemental carbon emissions. Procedures based on the flame ionization properties of organic carbon and the opacity or light extinction properties of elemental carbon are described, and applied for measurement of particulate emissions from diesel engines. The instrumentation provided adequate sensitivity and time resolution for observation of the transient emissions associated with typical automobile urban driving conditions. JF - J. AIR POLLUT. CONTROL ASSOC. AU - Cha, S AU - Black, F AU - King, F AD - U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 252 EP - 257 VL - 38 IS - 3 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - urban areas KW - particulates KW - gravimetric analysis KW - automotive exhaust emissions KW - filtration KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - H ST2.26:EMISSIONS AND EMISSION CONTROL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14844620?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+AIR+POLLUT.+CONTROL+ASSOC.&rft.atitle=Continuous+measurement+of+diesel+particulate+emissions.&rft.au=Cha%2C+S%3BBlack%2C+F%3BKing%2C+F&rft.aulast=Cha&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=252&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=J.+AIR+POLLUT.+CONTROL+ASSOC.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - automotive exhaust emissions; particulates; filtration; gravimetric analysis; urban areas ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of a method for determination of methylene chloride emissions at stationary sources. AN - 14838030; 1684666 AB - Methylene chloride (CH sub(2)Cl sub(2)) is presently under study by the U.S. EPA and other agencies to determine if the compound presents an unreasonable risk to human health and to determine if regulatory action is needed to reduce the risk. This paper describes one portion of the study which required the development and validation of a method of sampling and analysis for source emission measurements. JF - J. AIR POLLUT. CONTROL ASSOC. AU - Butler, F E AU - Coppedge, E A AU - Suggs, J C AU - Knoll, JE AU - Midgett, M R AU - Sykes, AL AU - Hartman, M W AU - Steger, J L AD - U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 272 EP - 277 VL - 38 IS - 3 KW - methylene chloride KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - EPA KW - risk assessment KW - emission control KW - public health KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14838030?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+AIR+POLLUT.+CONTROL+ASSOC.&rft.atitle=Development+of+a+method+for+determination+of+methylene+chloride+emissions+at+stationary+sources.&rft.au=Butler%2C+F+E%3BCoppedge%2C+E+A%3BSuggs%2C+J+C%3BKnoll%2C+JE%3BMidgett%2C+M+R%3BSykes%2C+AL%3BHartman%2C+M+W%3BSteger%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Butler&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=272&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=J.+AIR+POLLUT.+CONTROL+ASSOC.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - emission control; risk assessment; public health; EPA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know. AN - 14836435; 1685140 AB - The Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know law is an exciting new approach to environmental protection. It is based on the belief that the more information citizen have about environmental conditions in their communities, the better equipped they will be to insure their own protection from unacceptable risks to their health and safety. The law requires disclosure by industry of both the presence and release into the environment--including both accidental and "routine" releases--of hazardous substances. The information will be available not only to government regulators, but also people most directly affected--the residents of the communities where the substances are located. JF - J. AIR POLLUT. CONTROL ASSOC. AU - Elkins, CL AU - Makris, J L AD - U.S. EPA, Washington, DC, USA Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 243 EP - 247 VL - 38 IS - 3 KW - Energ. Plannn. Commun. Right-to-Know KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - legislation KW - environmental protection KW - risk assessment KW - public health KW - H SM3.5:STANDARDS, LAWS, REGULATIONS, AND POLICY KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14836435?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+AIR+POLLUT.+CONTROL+ASSOC.&rft.atitle=Emergency+Planning+and+Community+Right-to-Know.&rft.au=Elkins%2C+CL%3BMakris%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Elkins&rft.aufirst=CL&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=243&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=J.+AIR+POLLUT.+CONTROL+ASSOC.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - public health; legislation; risk assessment; environmental protection ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessment of techniques for in situ repair of flexible membrane liners: Final report. AN - 14834777; 1684830 AB - The feasibility of using either patching or plugging to make in situ repairs of damaged areas in in-service flexible membrane liners (FMLs) was investigated. Applying the basic criteria used in assessing and testing liners and seams in FMLs that are being installed, it appears highly questionable that conditions required for preparation of adequate seams and permanent repairs can be met with FMLs exposed below wastes. Exposed liners, however, can be repaired if the proper conditions of cleanliness and dryness are met. Repairing with formed-in-place plugs holds some promise for short-term use; however, the compatibility of the plugging material with the waste liquid should be assessed. JF - J. HAZARDOUS MATER. AU - Haxo, HE Jr AD - Hazard. Waste Eng. Res. Lab., U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 223 EP - 225 VL - 17 IS - 2 KW - liners KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - waste management KW - membranes KW - liquid wastes KW - feasibility studies KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14834777?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+HAZARDOUS+MATER.&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+techniques+for+in+situ+repair+of+flexible+membrane+liners%3A+Final+report.&rft.au=Haxo%2C+HE+Jr&rft.aulast=Haxo&rft.aufirst=HE&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=223&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=J.+HAZARDOUS+MATER.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - feasibility studies; membranes; liquid wastes; waste management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Organic emissions from consumer products and building materials to the indoor environment. AN - 14828077; 1684517 AB - Organic vapors are emitted to the indoor air from a variety of consumer products and building materials. The U.S. EPA is evaluating the emission characteristics from such sources using small environmental test chambers. Emission rate data are presented, and the effect of temperature and air exchange rate are discussed. Models are used to account for the impact of chamber concentration and "wall effects" on emission rates. Indoor concentrations of specific organics emitted from a silicone caulk are estimated from the chamber test data. JF - J. AIR POLLUT. CONTROL ASSOC. AU - Tichenor, BA AU - Mason, MA AD - U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 264 EP - 268 VL - 38 IS - 3 KW - vapor KW - consumer industry KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - emissions KW - indoor environments KW - construction materials KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14828077?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+AIR+POLLUT.+CONTROL+ASSOC.&rft.atitle=Organic+emissions+from+consumer+products+and+building+materials+to+the+indoor+environment.&rft.au=Tichenor%2C+BA%3BMason%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Tichenor&rft.aufirst=BA&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=264&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=J.+AIR+POLLUT.+CONTROL+ASSOC.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - indoor environments; emissions; construction materials ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multilaboratory study of automated determinations of polychlorinated biphenyls and chlorinated pesticides in water, soil, and sediment by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. AN - 14825638; 1684893 AB - Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and chlorinated pesticides were determined in two water, three soil, and two sediment samples by six laboratories that used uniform calibration solutions and analytical procedures. Target analytes were identified and measured with special software operating on minicomputers that controlled mass spectrometer operation. PCBs were determined by level of chlorination, not as Aroclor formulations. All samples, except one soil sample, were fortified with pesticides. Water samples were fortified with PCBs (mixtures of Aroclors), but solid samples were known to be environmentally contaminated with PCBs. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Alford-Stevens, AL AU - Eichelberger, J W AU - Budde, W L AD - Environ. Monit. and Support Lab., Off. Res. and Dev., U.S. EPA, 26 West St. Clair St., Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 304 EP - 312 VL - 22 IS - 3 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - automation KW - soils KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - water quality KW - mass spectroscopy KW - laboratory testing KW - gas chromatography KW - sediments KW - pesticides KW - PCB compounds KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14825638?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Multilaboratory+study+of+automated+determinations+of+polychlorinated+biphenyls+and+chlorinated+pesticides+in+water%2C+soil%2C+and+sediment+by+gas+chromatography%2Fmass+spectrometry.&rft.au=Alford-Stevens%2C+AL%3BEichelberger%2C+J+W%3BBudde%2C+W+L&rft.aulast=Alford-Stevens&rft.aufirst=AL&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=304&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - PCB compounds; sediments; laboratory testing; water quality; gas chromatography; mass spectroscopy; pesticides ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A composite receptor method applied to Philadelphia aerosol. AN - 14824837; 1685264 AB - A composite of chemical mass balances, multiple linear regression, and wind trajectory receptor models was developed to apportion particulate mass into source categories. It was applied to 156 aerosol samples collected in dichotomous samplers at three sites in the Philadelphia area and analyzed by X-ray fluorescence, instrumental neutron activation, ion chromatography, and pyrolysis JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Dzubay, T G AU - Stevens, R K AU - Gordon, GE AU - Olmez, I AU - Sheffield, A E AU - Courtney, W J AD - Atmos. Sci. Res. Lab., U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 46 EP - 52 VL - 22 IS - 1 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - Pennsylvania, Philadelphia KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - chromatography KW - statistical analysis KW - fluorescence KW - pyrolysis KW - aerosols KW - neutron activation analysis KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14824837?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=A+composite+receptor+method+applied+to+Philadelphia+aerosol.&rft.au=Dzubay%2C+T+G%3BStevens%2C+R+K%3BGordon%2C+GE%3BOlmez%2C+I%3BSheffield%2C+A+E%3BCourtney%2C+W+J&rft.aulast=Dzubay&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=46&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - pyrolysis; chromatography; neutron activation analysis; aerosols; fluorescence; statistical analysis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prediction of substrate removal rates of attached microorganisms and of relative contributions of attached and suspended communities at field sites AN - 13796947; 198802875 AB - A mathematical model was presented for predicting the removal rate of compounds readily degradable by attached communities in aquatic ecosystems less than 1 m deep. The model was based on the relationship between bulk water velocities and second-order microbial transformation rate coefficients. Transformation rate coefficients for 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid methyl ester (2,4-DME) were determined from the results of 31 kinetic experiments in 9 field areas representing a range of aquatic ecosystems. Using 2,4-DME as a benchmark, the microbial transformation rates of the butoxyethyl ester of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-DBE) was predicted at 5 additional sites. Predicted half-lives ranged from 1500-fold and were within a factor of approximately 3 of measured half-lives. An equation was derived to predict the relative contributions of attached and suspended micro-organisms to total microbial activity from the ratio of water velocity and depth of an aquatic ecosystem. The activity of attached micro-organisms was probably insignificant in deep lentic ecosystems and significant in lakes or ponds but activity of suspended organisms was probably insignificant in streams or shallow rivers. The activities of both suspended and attached organisms were significant in wetlands. The proposed model could have a broad application for estimating substrate removal rates at field sites. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Lewis, D L AU - Gattie, D K AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, Ga. Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 434 EP - 440 VL - 54 IS - 2 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - 2,4-d KW - Suspended KW - Standing waters (see also individual types) KW - Modelling (-general-) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00004:Water Treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13796947?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Prediction+of+substrate+removal+rates+of+attached+microorganisms+and+of+relative+contributions+of+attached+and+suspended+communities+at+field+sites&rft.au=Lewis%2C+D+L%3BGattie%2C+D+K&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=434&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Stringfellow leachate treatment with RBC AN - 13796164; 198802720 AB - Leachate from the Stringfellow hazardous waste site, Riverside County, Calif. was treated in a pilot scale rotating biological contactor (RBC) at the U.S. EPA's testing and evaluation facility, Cincinnati. The RBC was initially operated with primary effluent from Cincinnati's Mill Creek Sewage Treatment Plant to develop a biomass on the discs and to obtain a standard kinetic removal rate. The RBC was operated using Stringfellow leachate with increasing ratios of leachate:RBC-treated primary effluent (1:2, 1:1, 3:1). The economics of leachate treatment with an RBC were compared to treatment with regenerated granular activated carbon. JF - Environmental Progress AU - Opatken, E J AU - Howard, H K AU - Bond, J J AD - U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 41 EP - 45 VL - 7 IS - 1 SN - 0278-4491, 0278-4491 KW - Effluent (treated) (see also sewage works effluent) KW - U.s. environmental protection agency KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00006:Sewage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13796164?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Progress&rft.atitle=Stringfellow+leachate+treatment+with+RBC&rft.au=Opatken%2C+E+J%3BHoward%2C+H+K%3BBond%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=Opatken&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=41&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Progress&rft.issn=02784491&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Surface water supplies and health AN - 13796053; 198803030 AB - Regulatory aspects of the Safe Drinking Water Act are outlined and the historical development of the multiple barrier concept for the treatment of surface waters is described. Outbreaks of waterborne diseases in surface water systems between 1971 and 1985 are discussed. Epidemiological studies of disinfection and chronic disease are detailed and included consideration of descriptive epidemiological studies, analytical epidemiological studies, colon and bladder cancer risks and cardiovascular disease risks. The need for pretreatment, filtration and disinfection of surface waters for the removal and inactivation of waterborne pathogens and protozoa was confirmed. There are 55 references. JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - Craun, G F AD - U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 40 EP - 52 VL - 80 IS - 2 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - Diseases (see also individual groups below) KW - Waterborne KW - Analysis KW - Hazard KW - Surface water (s/a lakes,ponds,reservoirs,streams) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13796053?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=Surface+water+supplies+and+health&rft.au=Craun%2C+G+F&rft.aulast=Craun&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=40&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modelling microbial fate in the subsurface environment AN - 13795668; 198801708 AB - Waterborne disease outbreaks in the U.S.A. since 1920 are discussed. Factors influencing bacterial and viral fates in the subsurface are reviewed, including temperature, microbial activity, moisture content, pH, salt species and concentration, soil properties, virus or bacterium type, organic matter, hydraulic conditions, virus association with the soil, virus aggregation. Predictive models of microbial survival and transport in the subsurface are reviewed. Models of the effects of inactivation, physical filtration, adsorption, and kinetic adsorption are described. There are 223 references. JF - CRC Critical Reviews in Environmental Control AU - Yates, M V AU - Yates AD - U.S. EPA, Ada, Okla. Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 307 EP - 344 VL - 17 IS - 4 KW - Viruses (-general-) (see also individ grps below) KW - Modelling (-general-) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13795668?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CRC+Critical+Reviews+in+Environmental+Control&rft.atitle=Modelling+microbial+fate+in+the+subsurface+environment&rft.au=Yates%2C+M+V%3BYates&rft.aulast=Yates&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=307&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=CRC+Critical+Reviews+in+Environmental+Control&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Investigation of Legionella pneumophila in drinking water AN - 13795175; 198803032 AB - A two phase investigation into the presence of L. pneumophila in drinking water systems and domestic plumbing is described. In phase 1, 68 water samples from domestic plumbing from 17 community water systems were analysed. No L. pneumophila organisms were found. In the second phase, kitchen sink taps, aerators, shower heads and supply pipes were swabbed and analysed together with samples from the hot water systems. From the 184 samples examined, L. pneumophila was isolated from 2 water heaters. One of these was in a community water supply and one was fed from a shallow well. L. pneumophila might be transported from natural aquatic sources via distribution systems in very low concentrations to house water heaters. There are 56 references. JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - Witherell, LE AU - Duncan, R W AU - Stone, K M AU - Stratton, L J AU - Orciari, L AU - Kappel, S AU - Jillson, DA AD - U.S. EPA, Boston, Mass. Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 87 EP - 93 VL - 80 IS - 2 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - Pipes (see also conduits, drains, pipelines,sewers) KW - Analysis KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13795175?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=Investigation+of+Legionella+pneumophila+in+drinking+water&rft.au=Witherell%2C+LE%3BDuncan%2C+R+W%3BStone%2C+K+M%3BStratton%2C+L+J%3BOrciari%2C+L%3BKappel%2C+S%3BJillson%2C+DA&rft.aulast=Witherell&rft.aufirst=LE&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=87&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of mercury(II) and organomercury compounds by reversed-phase liquid chromatography with reductive electrochemical detection AN - 13790670; 198802129 AB - Details are given of equipment and procedure for determination of divalent mercury and organic mercury compounds by electrochemical detection in the reductive mode at a gold-amalgamated mercury electrode combined with reversed-phase liquid chromatography. The mercury complexes were eluted cleanly and efficiently with methanol buffered to pH 5.5. Detection limits were about 1-2 ug per litre. Results obtained on spiked water samples containing inorganic mercury and 3 organic mercury compounds are tabulated. JF - Analyst (London) AU - Evans, O AU - McKee, G D AD - U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 243 EP - 246 VL - 113 IS - 2 SN - 0003-2654, 0003-2654 KW - Inorganic -- (see also without this prefix) KW - Equipment KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13790670?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Analyst+%28London%29&rft.atitle=Determination+of+mercury%28II%29+and+organomercury+compounds+by+reversed-phase+liquid+chromatography+with+reductive+electrochemical+detection&rft.au=Evans%2C+O%3BMcKee%2C+G+D&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=O&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=113&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=243&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Analyst+%28London%29&rft.issn=00032654&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Application. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Innovative thermal processes for the destruction of hazardous wastes AN - 13789225; 198803285 AB - Innovative thermal processes for the destruction of hazardous wastes identified for further evaluation by the U.S. EPA Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Laboratory are described. Process descriptions, suitable waste streams and the state of development of each process are outlined. The processes were: high temperature fluid wall; molten salt destruction, wet air oxidation; plasma arc technology, pyrolysis/incineration; the Huber advanced electric reactor; circulating bed waste incineration; molten glass incineration; and the supercritical water process. JF - Pollution Equipment News AU - Freeman, H AD - U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 105 EP - 110 VL - 21 IS - 2 KW - U.s. environmental protection agency KW - Arc KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00007:Industrial Effluents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13789225?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pollution+Equipment+News&rft.atitle=Innovative+thermal+processes+for+the+destruction+of+hazardous+wastes&rft.au=Freeman%2C+H&rft.aulast=Freeman&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=105&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pollution+Equipment+News&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Investigating the fate of dyes in the environment AN - 13789068; 198803408 AB - The feasibility of using mathematical modelling as an alternative to costly and time-consuming field studies for predicting the fate of dyes in the environment is considered. The use of a knowledge of environmental and dye chemistry as an indication of reactions likely to determine the fate of dyes in natural waters is discussed. It is suggested that reactions involving precipitation of calcium and magnesium salts may be important for anionic dyes, and ion exchange with sediments may be important for cationic dyes. Possible volatilization, sorption, and bioaccumulation of uncharged dyes are also considered briefly. JF - American Dyestuff Reporter AU - Baughman, G L AU - Perenich, T A AD - U.S. EPA, Athens, Ga. Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 19 EP - 19,48 VL - 77 IS - 2 SN - 0002-8266, 0002-8266 KW - Modelling (-general-) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13789068?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Psychological+Reports&rft.atitle=Examination+Stress%2C+Salivary+Cortisol%2C+and+Academic+Performance&rft.au=Ng%2C+Vivian%3BKoh%2C+David%3BChia%2C+Sin-Eng&rft.aulast=Ng&rft.aufirst=Vivian&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=3%2CPt2&rft.spage=1133&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Psychological+Reports&rft.issn=00332941&rft_id=info:doi/10.2466%2FPR0.93.8.1133-1134 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Methods for removing uranium from drinking water AN - 13788885; 198804397 AB - A literature review of techniques for the removal of uranium from water supplies is presented. After an introductory section on uranium chemistry, coagulation, lime softening, ion-exchange, activated alumina, granular activated carbon and reverse osmosis are considered. The effectiveness of ferric, ferrous and aluminium sulphate coagulants was closely related to dose and pH, with optima at between 10 and 25 mg per litre and 10, respectively; removals were then not less than 80 per cent, and generally exceeded 90 per cent. A similar pH, and the use of lime at 50-250 mg per litre, effected 85-90 per cent radium reduction. With the cationic resins, the sodium form achieved 70-85 per cent reduction at pH 4-7, respectively, but the calcium form proved never more than 65 per cent effective, and then within a narrower pH range. Anionic resins' initial reduction of 99 per cent declined smoothly and predictably in proportion to the volume of water treated. Activated alumina and activated carbon were exhausted much sooner than anionic resins. Reverse osmosis, tested with 4 different membranes, achieved 99 per cent removal. JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - Sorg, T J AD - U.S. EPA, Cincinnati Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 105 EP - 111 VL - 80 IS - 7 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00004:Water Treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13788885?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=Methods+for+removing+uranium+from+drinking+water&rft.au=Sorg%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=Sorg&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=105&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxicity reduction at municipal wastewater treatment plants AN - 13788878; 198802340 AB - The effect of different waste sources on the toxicity of sewage entering the works and the reduction in toxicity during sewage treatment was studied at 6 Ohio sewage works. Tabulated data are given on the sewage works surveyed, average concentrations of conventional pollutants in crude sewage and percentage removals for 1984-85, and percentage of wastewater causing no observable effect in toxicity tests with fish (fathead minnows) and Ceriodaphnia. All works influents were toxic, and all effluents showed some residual toxicity. The greatest reduction in toxicity, and the least toxic effluent, occurred at the plant receiving the most toxic influent. Toxicity was not reduced at plants receiving little industrial inflow. A bibliography of 35 references is appended. JF - Journal of Water Pollution Control Federation AU - Neiheisel, T W AU - Horning, W B AU - Austern, B M AU - Bishop, D F AU - Reed, T L AU - Estenik, J F AD - U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 57 EP - 67 VL - 60 IS - 1 KW - Pollution (s/a contamination, individ grps below) KW - Fish (see also individual groups listed below) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00006:Sewage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13788878?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Water+Pollution+Control+Federation&rft.atitle=Toxicity+reduction+at+municipal+wastewater+treatment+plants&rft.au=Neiheisel%2C+T+W%3BHorning%2C+W+B%3BAustern%2C+B+M%3BBishop%2C+D+F%3BReed%2C+T+L%3BEstenik%2C+J+F&rft.aulast=Neiheisel&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=57&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Water+Pollution+Control+Federation&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Case Study. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of Selenastrum capricornutum to assess the toxicity potential of surface and ground water contamination caused by chromium waste AN - 13788489; 198802030 AB - The toxic potential of ground and surface water samples from a site for the disposal of chrome-plating wastewaters was assessed using 96-h Selenastrum capricornutum bioassays. EC50 values calculated on the basis of bioassays of one set of samples for different chromium concentrations gave an excellent correlation with values for a later set for groundwater and drainage ditch samples, but no correlation was obtained with off-site surface water samples. Even in simple systems, toxicity was difficult to predict solely on the basis of chemical analysis. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Greene, J C AU - Miller, W E AU - Debacon, M AU - Long, MA AU - Bartels, CL AD - U.S. EPA, Corvallis, Ore. Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 35 EP - 39 VL - 7 IS - 1 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - Surface water (s/a lakes,ponds,reservoirs,streams) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00008:Effects of Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13788489?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Use+of+Selenastrum+capricornutum+to+assess+the+toxicity+potential+of+surface+and+ground+water+contamination+caused+by+chromium+waste&rft.au=Greene%2C+J+C%3BMiller%2C+W+E%3BDebacon%2C+M%3BLong%2C+MA%3BBartels%2C+CL&rft.aulast=Greene&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=35&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Kinetics of mixed microbial assemblages enhance removal of highly dilute organic substrates AN - 13788470; 198804378 AB - Laboratory microcosms were used to grow biofilms from natural water samples. Biofilms were detached and blended. Kinetic studies were carried out by incubating water samples or biofilms with a range of concentrations of carbon-14 labelled glucose, phenol, cresol, methanol, butanol, p-chlorophenol and acetone or with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid methyl ester (DME). Samples were incubated for 24 h. Rate data were analysed by linear and nonlinear regression analysis and values of maximal reaction velocity and half saturation constant at various substrate concentrations (S) were derived from the slopes and intercepts of biodegradation data. Pseudo first order rate coefficients were calculated. Mineralization curves are depicted and graphs showing enhancement of removal of DME and glucose are included. The rate limiting process changed with S such that substrate removal was enhanced at low S values. The variability of dominant kinetic parameters over a range of S caused the kinetics of complex assemblages to be dissimilar to those of systems possessing a single set of kinetic parameters. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Lewis, D L AU - Hodson, R E AU - Hwang, H M AD - U.S. EPA, Athens, Ga. Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 2054 EP - 2057 VL - 54 IS - 8 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Analysis KW - 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13788470?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Kinetics+of+mixed+microbial+assemblages+enhance+removal+of+highly+dilute+organic+substrates&rft.au=Lewis%2C+D+L%3BHodson%2C+R+E%3BHwang%2C+H+M&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=2054&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Atmospheric wet sulphate deposition and lakewater chemistry AN - 13787964; 198802085 AB - Lake chemistry data from the National Lake Survey and interpolated precipitation volumes were used to estimate wet sulphate deposition at lake sites. Median values for sulphate concentrations in lake water showed high correlation with the estimated wet sulphate deposition for each subregion. The results indicated that acidic deposition depleted the acid-neutralizing capacity of low-base-cation lakes, and that internal sources of sulphate were significant for many lakes with high-base-cation and acid-neutralizing capacity. Acidic lakes of more than 4 ha. were not found generally in areas receiving low wet sulphate deposition (less than 10 kg per ha.year), whereas current lake acidity in the northeastern United States was due to relatively high concentrations of sulphate. JF - Nature AU - Sullivan, T AU - Eilers, J M AU - Church, M R AU - Blick, D J AU - Eshleman, K N AU - Landers, D H AU - Dehaan AD - Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, Ore. Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 607 EP - 609 VL - 331 IS - 6157 SN - 0028-0836, 0028-0836 KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13787964?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Atmospheric+wet+sulphate+deposition+and+lakewater+chemistry&rft.au=Sullivan%2C+T%3BEilers%2C+J+M%3BChurch%2C+M+R%3BBlick%2C+D+J%3BEshleman%2C+K+N%3BLanders%2C+D+H%3BDehaan&rft.aulast=Sullivan&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=331&rft.issue=6157&rft.spage=607&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nature&rft.issn=00280836&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Case Study. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regulation of storm water point source discharges AN - 13787444; 198802234 AB - The author discusses changes in legislation in the U.S.A. controlling discharges of stormwater from point sources, with particular reference to the effect of the U.S. Water Quality Act 1987. This had postponed deadlines for application for such discharges under the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) and staggered the date to give the U.S. EPA time to deal with the matter. The problems caused by this legislation are considered. JF - Journal of Water Pollution Control Federation AU - Korpics, J J AD - U.S. EPA, Dallas, Tex. Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 50 EP - 56 VL - 60 IS - 1 KW - U.s. environmental protection agency KW - National pollutant discharge elimination system KW - Postponement KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13787444?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Water+Pollution+Control+Federation&rft.atitle=Regulation+of+storm+water+point+source+discharges&rft.au=Korpics%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=Korpics&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=50&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Water+Pollution+Control+Federation&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Legislation. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Contaminant propagation in distribution systems AN - 13787346; 198804368 AB - A co-operative agreement between the Drinking Water Research Division of U.S. EPA with the North Penn Water Authority had resulted in a series of field monitoring and systems modelling studies on the movement of contaminants in water distribution systems. A steady-state model, a quasi-steady-state model and a dynamic model were developed to predict contaminant distribution. The actual pathway of water flow and time of passage and percentage of water that flowed from a given source to a given node in a distribution system were examined using results from the steady-state model. This water tracing model was applied to the North Penn system and travel time plots prepared for steady state conditions. The use of the model for analysing many factors affecting water quality in a distribution system is discussed. The importance of adequate hydraulic modelling of the systems being studied was emphasized together with the importance of field studies in verifying systems performance. JF - Journal of Environmental Engineering AU - Clark, R M AU - Grayman, WM AU - Males, R M AD - U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 929 EP - 943 VL - 114 IS - 4 SN - 0733-9372, 0733-9372 KW - Analysis KW - Modelling (-general-) KW - Water authorities KW - U.s. environmental protection agency KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13787346?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Engineering&rft.atitle=Contaminant+propagation+in+distribution+systems&rft.au=Clark%2C+R+M%3BGrayman%2C+WM%3BMales%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=114&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=929&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Engineering&rft.issn=07339372&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Application. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Granular activated carbon for controlling THMs AN - 13786770; 198803464 AB - Data on performance and cost of removal of THM, precursors and surrogates were collected from 5 sites in the U.S. Graphs showing TOC or TOX removal at each site are presented. Treatment processes for the removal of TOC, TOX and THM by GAC at each site are briefly described. Data on the length of GAC operation and cost estimates for removals are tabulated. The effects of prechlorination are discussed and correlations made between TOC and THM formation potential to predict THM concentrations. When chlorine was not applied prior to conventional treatment, THM precursors were removed to a limited extent. GAC effectively removed some precursors but not in all situations. For a goal of 25 ug per litre total THM, costs of treatment varied between 14.9 and 98 cents per 1000 gallons. For a goal of 50 ug per litre, the costs varied between 13.8 and 82.9 cents per 1000 gallons. JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - Lykins, B W AU - Clark, R M AU - Adams, J Q AD - U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 85 EP - 92 VL - 80 IS - 5 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00004:Water Treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13786770?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=Granular+activated+carbon+for+controlling+THMs&rft.au=Lykins%2C+B+W%3BClark%2C+R+M%3BAdams%2C+J+Q&rft.aulast=Lykins&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=85&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Case Study. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental applications of hyphenated quadrupole techniques AN - 13786517; 198802651 AB - The applications of computer-supported quadrupole mass spectrometry (QMS) are reviewed. The three systems having the greatest potential for improved environmental analysis were, firstly, a directly linked gas chromatography-Fourier Transform Infrared-mass spectrometry (GC-FTIR-MS) system, secondly a thermospray triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (TQMS) system and, thirdly, an inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) system. The particular advantages and selectivities of each are compared with special attention being given to sample introduction, analyte ionization and data collection. JF - Analytical Chemistry AU - Gurka, D F AU - Betowski, L D AU - Hinners, T A AU - Heithmar, E M AU - Titus, R AU - Henshaw, J M AD - U.S. EPA, Las Vegas, Nev. Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 454 EP - 456,458,461-462 VL - 60 IS - 7 KW - Analysis KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13786517?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Analytical+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Environmental+applications+of+hyphenated+quadrupole+techniques&rft.au=Gurka%2C+D+F%3BBetowski%2C+L+D%3BHinners%2C+T+A%3BHeithmar%2C+E+M%3BTitus%2C+R%3BHenshaw%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Gurka&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=454&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Analytical+Chemistry&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Health aspects of water supply in the year 2000 AN - 13786330; 198803573 AB - Most water quality concerns and issues being raised today were expected to exist in some communities in the year 2000. They included viruses and protozoa in surface waters and groundwaters, legionella in distribution systems, toxicity of disinfectants and their organic byproducts, release of lead from pipes and fittings, chemical contaminants in groundwaters and surface waters, and radon in groundwaters. More sophisticated analytical methods would bring more contaminants to light, and public concern would constrain suppliers to take the initiative in applying new technologies to ensure the highest quality of drinking water at the consumer's tap. JF - Water Supply AU - Cotruvo, J W AD - U.S. EPA, Washington, D.C. Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 43 EP - 48 VL - 6 IS - 1/2 SN - 0735-1917, 0735-1917 KW - Viruses (-general-) (see also individ grps below) KW - Analysis KW - Pipes (see also conduits, drains, pipelines,sewers) KW - Surface water (s/a lakes,ponds,reservoirs,streams) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13786330?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Supply&rft.atitle=Health+aspects+of+water+supply+in+the+year+2000&rft.au=Cotruvo%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Cotruvo&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=1%2F2&rft.spage=43&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Supply&rft.issn=07351917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: General. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of cost equations for GAC treatment systems AN - 13785376; 198803602 AB - An updated set of cost estimating equations for granular activated carbon (GAC) drinking water treatment systems was developed by comparing costs from some recently-completed projects and from conceptual design studies. The resulting equations were suitable for estimating the capital costs of complete GAC treatment systems and of individual operation and maintenance components. JF - Journal of Environmental Engineering AU - Adams, J Q AU - Clark, R M AD - U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 672 EP - 688 VL - 114 IS - 3 SN - 0733-9372, 0733-9372 KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00004:Water Treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13785376?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Engineering&rft.atitle=Development+of+cost+equations+for+GAC+treatment+systems&rft.au=Adams%2C+J+Q%3BClark%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=Adams&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=114&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=672&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Engineering&rft.issn=07339372&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Cost Study. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fate of pollutants AN - 13785373; 198803974 AB - The authors reviews recently published information on the fate of various types of pollutant (chlorinated and nonchlorinated xenobiotic chemicals, hydrocarbons, pesticides, and heavy metals) in the aquatic environment. A bibliography of 176 references is appended. JF - Journal of Water Pollution Control Federation AU - Pritchard, PH AD - U.S. EPA, Gulf Breeze, Fla. Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 983 EP - 994 VL - 60 IS - 6 KW - Xenobiotic compounds KW - Pollution (s/a contamination, individ grps below) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13785373?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Water+Pollution+Control+Federation&rft.atitle=Fate+of+pollutants&rft.au=Pritchard%2C+PH&rft.aulast=Pritchard&rft.aufirst=PH&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=983&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Water+Pollution+Control+Federation&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hazardous waste minimization AN - 13785285; 198804049 AB - The concept of waste minimization, an umbrella term covering several categories of the U.S. EPA's preferred strategy for hazardous waste management, is defined. The term covered waste reduction at source through changes in industrial processes, waste separation and concentration from mixtures in which they occurred, waste exchange through clearing houses or industrial recycling, and reuse or recycling of wastes for the original or some other purpose. This concept was promoted in the Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments of 1984 to the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. An overview of waste minimization methods is given, with examples. JF - Journal of Air Pollution Control Association AU - Freeman, H M AD - U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 59 EP - 61 VL - 38 IS - 1 KW - U.s. environmental protection agency KW - Hazard KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00007:Industrial Effluents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13785285?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Air+Pollution+Control+Association&rft.atitle=Hazardous+waste+minimization&rft.au=Freeman%2C+H+M&rft.aulast=Freeman&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=59&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Air+Pollution+Control+Association&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: General. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Disinfection AN - 13785134; 198804025 AB - Giving a bibliography of 106 references, the authors review recent literature on the microbiology and chemistry of disinfection processes, including effects of disinfection with halogens, oxychlorine compounds, ultraviolet radiation, and miscellaneous disinfectants; disinfection of cooling towers; formation and control of byproducts; and chemical reactions occurring during disinfection of water, sewage, and wastewaters. JF - Journal of Water Pollution Control Federation AU - Venosa, AD AU - Isaac, R A AD - U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 845 EP - 852 VL - 60 IS - 6 KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00006:Sewage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13785134?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Water+Pollution+Control+Federation&rft.atitle=Disinfection&rft.au=Venosa%2C+AD%3BIsaac%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Venosa&rft.aufirst=AD&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=845&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Water+Pollution+Control+Federation&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lake and reservoir management AN - 13784928; 198803939 AB - The authors review recent publications dealing with studies on water quality in lakes, sources and effects of nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus), control of nutrients, sedimentation in lakes, occurrence and effects of toxic chemicals (heavy metals, weedkillers and pesticides), effects of acid precipitation on lakes, studies on aquatic macrophytes, algae, zooplankton, and macroinvertebrates, and fisheries in lakes. A bibliography of 408 references is appended. JF - Journal of Water Pollution Control Federation AU - McDonell, D B AU - Crocker, P A AD - U.S. EPA, Dallas, Tex. Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 940 EP - 959 VL - 60 IS - 6 KW - Animals (invertebrates) (see also individ groups) KW - Aquatic macrophytes (see also individual groups b) KW - Algae (see also individual groups below) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13784928?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Water+Pollution+Control+Federation&rft.atitle=Lake+and+reservoir+management&rft.au=McDonell%2C+D+B%3BCrocker%2C+P+A&rft.aulast=McDonell&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=940&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Water+Pollution+Control+Federation&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Aquatic sediments AN - 13784898; 198803955 AB - The authors review recent publications reporting studies on aquatic sediments from freshwater, estuarine, and marine environments, including analytical techniques, biological activity in sediments, oxygen demand, nutrients, metals, radionuclides, organic compounds, effects of dredging, and modelling of sediment transport and palaeolimnology. A bibliography of 219 references is appended. JF - Journal of Water Pollution Control Federation AU - Davis, W S AU - Denbow, T J AD - U.S. EPA, Chicago, Ill. Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 1077 EP - 1088 VL - 60 IS - 6 KW - Paleolimnology KW - Analysis KW - Modelling (-general-) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13784898?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Water+Pollution+Control+Federation&rft.atitle=Aquatic+sediments&rft.au=Davis%2C+W+S%3BDenbow%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1077&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Water+Pollution+Control+Federation&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation and comparison of two short-term fathead minnow tests for estimating chronic toxicity AN - 13784276; 198804160 AB - Results of studies to evaluate and compare 2 chronic toxicity tests using fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas), namely the larval survival and growth tests, and the embryo-larval survival and teratogenicity test are reported. Both these tests were developed by the U.S. EPA for use in regional and state monitoring programmes and for estimating the chronic toxicity of effluents and receiving waters before issuing permits for waste discharges. The experimental data were analysed statistically, and both tests gave highly reproducible results. However, the comparative sensitivities of the 2 methods varied, depending on the toxicant used. JF - Water Research AU - Pickering, Q H AD - U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 883 EP - 893 VL - 22 IS - 7 SN - 0043-1354, 0043-1354 KW - U.s. environmental protection agency KW - Analysis KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13784276?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Research&rft.atitle=Evaluation+and+comparison+of+two+short-term+fathead+minnow+tests+for+estimating+chronic+toxicity&rft.au=Pickering%2C+Q+H&rft.aulast=Pickering&rft.aufirst=Q&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=883&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Research&rft.issn=00431354&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of chemicals on microorganisms AN - 13782550; 198804080 AB - In a review of recent literature on the effects of chemicals on micro-organisms, results of experiments on the toxicity of various chemicals, and the estimated EC50 values, are summarized in a table. Other topics discussed included: bacterial toxicity tests based on measurements of bioluminescence, microcalorimetry, enzyme activity, reduction of tetrazolium dye, oxygen uptake, growth, methanogenesis, and ATP; tests on toxicity to algae, fungi and yeasts; and the use of microbes to assess toxicity in different environments. The comparative toxicities of several organic compounds to activated sludge micro-organisms, invertebrates, fish, and algae are tabulated. A bibliography of 67 references is appended. JF - Journal of Water Pollution Control Federation AU - Walker, J D AD - U.S. EPA, Washington, D.C. Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 1106 EP - 1121 VL - 60 IS - 6 KW - Yeasts (see also individual groups below) KW - Fish (see also individual groups listed below) KW - Algae (see also individual groups below) KW - Enzymes (see also individual groups below) KW - Animals (invertebrates) (see also individ groups) KW - Tetrazolium KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00008:Effects of Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13782550?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Water+Pollution+Control+Federation&rft.atitle=Effects+of+chemicals+on+microorganisms&rft.au=Walker%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1106&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Water+Pollution+Control+Federation&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Classification of binary mass spectra of toxic compounds with an inductive expert system and comparison with SIMCA class modelling AN - 13782081; 198900098 AB - An inexpensive expert system, 1ST-CLASS, based on the ID3 algorithm, was compared to the SIMCA mass spectral class modelling system, for investigating the compressed binary mass spectra of 78 toxic volatile organics commonly found in environmental samples. The classes (6 main and 2 sub-classes), resulting from 1ST-CLASS and the corresponding derived rules, were the same as those previously found with SIMCA. Classification accuracy for the expert system, however, was 97-100 per cent compared to 79-96 per cent for SIMCA. JF - Analytica Chimica Acta AU - Scott AD - U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, N.C. Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 11 EP - 29 VL - 211 IS - 1/2 SN - 0003-2670, 0003-2670 KW - Modelling (-general-) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13782081?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Analytica+Chimica+Acta&rft.atitle=Classification+of+binary+mass+spectra+of+toxic+compounds+with+an+inductive+expert+system+and+comparison+with+SIMCA+class+modelling&rft.au=Scott&rft.aulast=Scott&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=211&rft.issue=1%2F2&rft.spage=11&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Analytica+Chimica+Acta&rft.issn=00032670&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Can public notification work for you? AN - 13779737; 198900747 AB - The obligations on U.S. water utilities, under the Safe Drinking Water Act 1986, to inform consumers of occasions when their water supply had fallen below the stipulated quality, and the reasons for them, are outlined. The time-scale within which consumers should be informed, the media through which this had to be accomplished, and the frequency of repetition of the public notice were defined. In the absence of a definitive form for such notices, scope existed for indicating to consumers the underlying reasons for any shortfall in a utility's performance: ideas are put forward for using this opportunity to create a better informed public by showing the human face of the utility and outlining the range of its difficulties. JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - Hoffbuhr, J W AD - U.S. EPA Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 37 EP - 38 VL - 80 IS - 10 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - Notice KW - Media KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13779737?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=Can+public+notification+work+for+you%3F&rft.au=Hoffbuhr%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Hoffbuhr&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=37&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biological and abiotic degradation of xenobiotic compounds in in vitro estuarine water and sediment/water systems AN - 13777427; 198903413 AB - First order biotic and abiotic degradation rate constants of 14 pesticides were determined in estuarine water and sediment/water slurry systems. The pesticides were: thiobencarb, sulprofos, chlorothalonil, chloropyrifos, EPN, fenthion, diclofop-methyl, PCNB, phorate, trifluralin, oxyfluorfen, endosulfan, methoxychlor, and methomyl. Rate constants from non sterile sediment treatments were significantly greater than rate constants from sterile sediment treatments for thiobencarb, sulprofos, chlorothalonil, diclofop-methyl, fenthion, oxyfluorfen, methoxychlor, phorate and trifluralin. Degradation was primarily abiotic for chlorpyrifos and EPN. Endosulfan and PCNB biodegraded faster in the absence of sediment. Diclofopmethyl and phorate were the least persistent with half lives of a few days. Oxyfluorfen and chloropyrifos had half lives greater than 2 weeks. There are 47 references. JF - Chemosphere AU - Walker, W W AU - Cripe, C R AU - Pritchard, PH AU - Bourquin, A W AD - U.S. EPA, Ocean Springs, Miss. Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 2255 EP - 2270 VL - 17 IS - 12 SN - 0045-6535, 0045-6535 KW - Xenobiotic compounds KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13777427?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=Biological+and+abiotic+degradation+of+xenobiotic+compounds+in+in+vitro+estuarine+water+and+sediment%2Fwater+systems&rft.au=Walker%2C+W+W%3BCripe%2C+C+R%3BPritchard%2C+PH%3BBourquin%2C+A+W&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=2255&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere&rft.issn=00456535&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of nonvolatile organic compounds in aqueous environmental samples using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry AN - 13777040; 198900252 AB - Using a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) separation, retention data were collected for 52 pesticides and other environmentally significant compounds. HPLC effluent was directed through a volatile salt ionization (VSI) thermospray interface to a quadruple mass spectrometer (MS) for analyte measurement. Method precision and accuracy data were obtained for 29 of the target analytes in water using either liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) or liquid-solid extraction (LSE) prior to separation and measurement. The HPLC/VSI-thermospray/MS method was sufficiently accurate with either LLE or LSE to recognise target compounds with a low probability of false positives or false negatives. JF - Analytical Chemistry AU - Bellar, T A AU - Budde, W L AD - U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 2076 EP - 2083 VL - 60 IS - 19 KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13777040?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Analytical+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Determination+of+nonvolatile+organic+compounds+in+aqueous+environmental+samples+using+liquid+chromatography%2Fmass+spectrometry&rft.au=Bellar%2C+T+A%3BBudde%2C+W+L&rft.aulast=Bellar&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=19&rft.spage=2076&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Analytical+Chemistry&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reproductive and developmental responses in the self-fertilizing fish, Rivulus marmoratus induced by the plasticizer, di-n-butylphthalate AN - 13774891; S198929747 AB - The cyprinodontiform hermaphrodite fish, Rivulus marmoratus, released fertilized eggs throughout the year, and was therefore a useful species for studying effects of pollutants on all stages of ontogeny and, ultimately, population success. In this experiment, adult R. marmoratus were exposed to di-n-butylphthalate (DSP; 1,2 mg per litre) for 21 weeks, followed by 9 weeks post-exposure observations. Over the 30 weeks, numbers of eggs produced and hatching success were adversely affected by the higher DBP exposure concentrations. Embryonic viability was reduced (p less than 0.001) during 21 weeks exposure to 2 mg DBP per litre, but no significant treatment related differences in embryonic viability were observed during the post-exposure period. An increased frequency of skeletal abnormalities in progeny of DBP exposed parents was observed during the treatment period (10 and 19 per cent in 1 and 2 mg per litre treatments, respectively, compared with 4 per cent in controls), but not during the post-treatment observation. JF - Environmental Biology of Fishes AU - Davis, W P AD - U.S.EPA, Gulf Breeze, Fla. Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 81 EP - 90 VL - 21 IS - 2 SN - 0378-1909, 0378-1909 KW - Pollution (s/a contamination, individ grps below) KW - Fish (see also individual groups listed below) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00008:Effects of Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13774891?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Biology+of+Fishes&rft.atitle=Reproductive+and+developmental+responses+in+the+self-fertilizing+fish%2C+Rivulus+marmoratus+induced+by+the+plasticizer%2C+di-n-butylphthalate&rft.au=Davis%2C+W+P&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=81&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Biology+of+Fishes&rft.issn=03781909&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of an environmental data base for rivers, lakes and reservoirs AN - 13771666; 198900408 AB - The development of the U.S. EPA Canonical Environmental Data Base, to be used in conjunction with the Exposure Analysis Modelling System (EXAMS) is described. The database contained data on water quality and hydrologic parameters for input to EXAMS, which predicted the exposure of humans or organisms to a specific chemical or toxicant, and its ecological and health effects. Data were gathered for 15 major catchments which comprised more than 70 per cent of the land area of continental U.S.A. JF - Journal of Environmental Science and Health AU - Hedden, K F AU - Skaggs, R L AD - U.S. EPA, Las Vegas, Nev. Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 103 EP - 126 VL - A23 IS - 2 KW - U.s. environmental protection agency KW - Modelling (-general-) KW - Modelling (-specific names-ii) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13771666?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Science+and+Health&rft.atitle=Development+of+an+environmental+data+base+for+rivers%2C+lakes+and+reservoirs&rft.au=Hedden%2C+K+F%3BSkaggs%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Hedden&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=A23&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=103&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Science+and+Health&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Stream chemistry in the southern Blue Ridge: feasibility of a regional synoptic sampling approach AN - 13771115; 198901347 AB - The frequency distribution of acid neutralizing capacity (ANC), nitrate and pH varied between spring and summer. Levels of ANC and nitrate changed between upstream and downstream sites. Coefficients of variation of chemical species were low and allowed a stable classification of streams based on ANC. The probability of finding streams in the southern Blue Ridge with a pH less than 6.3 was less than 1.3 per cent at the 0.05 confidence level. JF - Water Resources Bulletin AU - Messer, J J AU - Ariss, C W AU - Baker, J R AU - Drouse, S K AU - Eshleman, K N AU - Kinney, A J AU - Overton, W S AU - Sale, MJ AU - Schonbrod, R D AD - U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, N.C. Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 821 EP - 829 VL - 24 IS - 4 SN - 0043-1370, 0043-1370 KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13771115?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Stream+chemistry+in+the+southern+Blue+Ridge%3A+feasibility+of+a+regional+synoptic+sampling+approach&rft.au=Messer%2C+J+J%3BAriss%2C+C+W%3BBaker%2C+J+R%3BDrouse%2C+S+K%3BEshleman%2C+K+N%3BKinney%2C+A+J%3BOverton%2C+W+S%3BSale%2C+MJ%3BSchonbrod%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Messer&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=821&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Bulletin&rft.issn=00431370&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Organic cationic effects on the sorption of metals and neutral organic compounds on aquifer material AN - 13770922; 198902281 AB - Batch equilibration studies on the effect of the surfactant cation ethylhexadecyldimethylammonium (EHDDMA) on the retention of metals and 3 neutral organic compounds by aquifer materials with low organic carbon content showed there was greater sorption of EHDDMA by the material containing an expansive clay (smectite). The increased concentration of metals in the aqueous phase with increasing EHDDMA sorption suggested an equimolar charge exchange, with EHDDMA replacing metals at exchange sites. The neutral organic compounds toluene, diuron and naphthalene were not highly sorbed on either aquifer material. On the smectite-containing material, the sorption coefficient of toluene increased by 2 orders of magnitude as the sorbed phase concentration of EHDDMA increased, and this was attributed to the increased hydrophobic surface area provided by the hydrocarbon moiety of the organic cation. JF - Journal of Environmental Science and Health AU - Bouchard, D C AU - Powell, R M AU - Clark, DA AD - U.S. EPA, Ada, Okla. Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 585 EP - 601 VL - A23 IS - 6 KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13770922?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Science+and+Health&rft.atitle=Organic+cationic+effects+on+the+sorption+of+metals+and+neutral+organic+compounds+on+aquifer+material&rft.au=Bouchard%2C+D+C%3BPowell%2C+R+M%3BClark%2C+DA&rft.aulast=Bouchard&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=A23&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=585&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Science+and+Health&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fate of viruses during wastewater sludge treatment processes AN - 13770718; 198902358 AB - Giving a bibliography of 119 references, the author reviews information on the types of viruses present in sewage, the removal of viruses during various sewage-treatment processes, and factors affecting the viability of viruses in sewage sludge. The effect on viruses of sludge digestion, storage and dewatering by evaporation, lagooning of digester sludge and land disposal, lime stabilization, irradiation and pasteurization, and composting are discussed. Tabulated data are included on types of human viruses shed in faeces and in urine, and on the reductions in viruses during various treatment processes. JF - Critical Reviews in Environmental Control AU - Hurst, C J AD - U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 317 EP - 343 VL - 18 IS - 4 KW - Lime treatment KW - Viruses (-general-) (see also individ grps below) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00006:Sewage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13770718?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Critical+Reviews+in+Environmental+Control&rft.atitle=Fate+of+viruses+during+wastewater+sludge+treatment+processes&rft.au=Hurst%2C+C+J&rft.aulast=Hurst&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=317&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Critical+Reviews+in+Environmental+Control&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Developing joint probability distributions of soil water retention characteristics AN - 13770533; 198900583 AB - Probability density functions for parameters of the soil moisture relationships of capillary head and hydraulic conductivity were developed to assess water flow and solute transport in unsaturated media. A statistical multiple regression equation previously proposed for estimating these relationships was adopted. The equation used the soil saturated water content and the percentages of sand and clay. The method was useful for examining uncertainty associated water flow or solute transport in unsaturated media. JF - Water Resources Research AU - Carsel, R F AU - Parrish, R S AD - U.S. EPA, Athens, Ga. Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 755 EP - 769 VL - 24 IS - 5 SN - 0043-1397, 0043-1397 KW - Media KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13770533?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Research&rft.atitle=Developing+joint+probability+distributions+of+soil+water+retention+characteristics&rft.au=Carsel%2C+R+F%3BParrish%2C+R+S&rft.aulast=Carsel&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=755&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Research&rft.issn=00431397&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Combined use of biochemical indicators to assess sublethal pollution effects on the gulf killifish (Fundulus grandis) AN - 13764188; S199030845 AB - Total cytochrome P-450 content, aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) and ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activities, and the specific induction of the LM4b isozyme of the cytochrome P-450 system were measured in the livers of gulf killifish from the heavily polluted Bayou Chico. Similar determinations were carried out on variously treated fish (uninjected, of pretreated with 3-methylcholanthrene (3MC), phenylbarbital (PB) or corn oil) from the unpolluted Santa Rosa Sound. EROD, AHH and LM4b were induced in the 3MC-treated fish and, to a lesser extent, in fish from the Bayou Chico. This was consistent with the reported presence of PAHs in Bayou Chico, and demonstrated the utility of biochemical indicators in determining sublethal pollution effects in gulf killifish. JF - Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology AU - Schoor, W P AU - Williams, DE AU - Lech, J J AD - U.S. EPA, Gulf Breeze, Fla. Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 437 EP - 441 VL - 17 IS - 4 SN - 0090-4341, 0090-4341 KW - Pollution (s/a contamination, individ grps below) KW - Fish (see also individual groups listed below) KW - Enzymes (see also individual groups below) KW - Erod KW - Pb KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00008:Effects of Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13764188?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Combined+use+of+biochemical+indicators+to+assess+sublethal+pollution+effects+on+the+gulf+killifish+%28Fundulus+grandis%29&rft.au=Schoor%2C+W+P%3BWilliams%2C+DE%3BLech%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=Schoor&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=437&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.issn=00904341&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Innovative and alternative wastewater treatment technology experience in the United States AN - 13761644; S199032213 AB - Following the implementation by the US Government of the Innovative and Alternative Technology Programme for waste water treatment, covering a period of 3 years, the operating performance of plants installed as part of the programme is reviewed. Certain systems performed in accordance with expectations, notably those based on sequencing batch reactors, while others encountered operating problems; seven novel technologies which failed to meet the design criteria are briefly discussed, comprising community mound treatment systems, draught tube aeration facilities, rapid infiltration plants, ultraviolet disinfection plants, the use of wet air regeneration as an adjunct to powdered activated carbon (PAC) treatment, composting facilities and the use of intrachannel clarifiers. The nature of the difficulties is summarized in each case. JF - Proceedings 11th Wastewater Treatment Symposium. Montreal AU - Shanaghan, P E AD - US EPA, Washington, D.C. Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 15 EP - 26 KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00006:Sewage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13761644?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+11th+Wastewater+Treatment+Symposium.+Montreal&rft.atitle=Innovative+and+alternative+wastewater+treatment+technology+experience+in+the+United+States&rft.au=Shanaghan%2C+P+E&rft.aulast=Shanaghan&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=15&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+11th+Wastewater+Treatment+Symposium.+Montreal&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Minutocellus polymorphus: a new marine diatom for use algal toxicity tests AN - 13761558; S199031611 AB - The feasibility of using the marine diatom, Minutocellus polymorphus, as a test organism in algal bio-assays was evaluated by comparing its responses to 19 toxic compounds with those of marine diatom Skeletonema costatum. M. polymorphus grew rapidly, allowing a test to be completed in 48 h, thus minimizing complications due to degradation or volatilization of the toxicant, or adsorption on the walls of the test vessel. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Walsh, GE AU - McLaughlin, L L AU - Yoder, MJ AU - Moody, PH AU - Lores, E M AU - Forester, J AU - Wessinger-Duvall, P B AD - U.S. EPA, Gulf Breeze, Fla. Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 925 EP - 929 VL - 7 IS - 11 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - Algae (see also individual groups below) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13761558?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Minutocellus+polymorphus%3A+a+new+marine+diatom+for+use+algal+toxicity+tests&rft.au=Walsh%2C+GE%3BMcLaughlin%2C+L+L%3BYoder%2C+MJ%3BMoody%2C+PH%3BLores%2C+E+M%3BForester%2C+J%3BWessinger-Duvall%2C+P+B&rft.aulast=Walsh&rft.aufirst=GE&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=925&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reactivity of the carbonate radical with aniline derivatives AN - 13761290; S199031009 AB - Aqueous solutions containing a substituted aniline derivative (1.0 uM), hydrogen peroxide (3.0 uM) and 0.092 M sodium carbonate (pH 11.6) or bicarbonate (pH 8.3) were irradiated at 313 nm. Each experiment included a direct photolysis control (ie no hydrogen peroxide). In a few cases, irradiations were performed using sunlight. Experimental evidence indicated that the test anilines reacted with the carbonate radicals generated in this system. Involvement of hydroxyl radicals was ruled out. Reactions were more rapid with anilines which had electron donating substituents on the ring or on the nitrogen atom. Two such compounds were the human carcinogens benzidine and 1-naphthylamine. Assuming that the steady state concentration of carbonate radicals in lake surface water was approximately 3 times 10 to the minus 14 M in summer sunlight, computed near-surface half lives for oxidations of N,N-dimethylaniline, ascorbate ion, aniline, p-nitrophenoxide, tryrosine (pH 7), diethylsulphide (pH 8), phenol, anisole and toluene were 3.6, 5.8, 11, 130, 140, 140, 270, 23,000 and 150,000 h, respectively. These values indicated that carbonate radical oxidations could play a significant role in the environmental fate of certain organic chemicals. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Larson, R A AU - Zepp, R G AD - U.S. EPA, Athens, Ga. Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 265 EP - 274 VL - 7 IS - 4 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - Surface water (s/a lakes,ponds,reservoirs,streams) KW - Ascorbate KW - 092 KW - Dimethylaniline KW - Naphthylamine KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00004:Water Treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13761290?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Reactivity+of+the+carbonate+radical+with+aniline+derivatives&rft.au=Larson%2C+R+A%3BZepp%2C+R+G&rft.aulast=Larson&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=265&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of aquatic humic substances on analysis for hydrogen peroxide using peroxidase-catalysed oxidations of triarylmethanes or p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid AN - 13759053; S199030135 AB - Procedures for trace analysis of hydrogen peroxide in water using peroxidase and 2 triarylmethanes, leuco crystal violet (LCV) and leuco malachite green (LMG) were described. The dyes were oxidized to crystal violet and malachite green. The hydrogen peroxide concentration was determined by measuring the dye concentrations using spectrophotometry. LMG was more stable to decomposition than LCV. A more sensitive method was developed using high performance liquid chromatography and the LMG method. The effects of aquatic humic substances on peroxidase-catalyzed oxidation of LMG and p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid by hydrogen peroxide were studied. The sensitivity of both methods was reduced by aquatic humic substances. It was possibly attributable to competitive reactions of peroxidase intermediates with phenolic components of the humic substances. JF - Environmental/Technology Letters AU - Zepp, R G AU - Skurlatov, YI AU - Ritmiller, L R AD - U.S. EPA, Athens Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 287 EP - 298 VL - 9 IS - 4 KW - Malachite green KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13759053?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental%2FTechnology+Letters&rft.atitle=Effects+of+aquatic+humic+substances+on+analysis+for+hydrogen+peroxide+using+peroxidase-catalysed+oxidations+of+triarylmethanes+or+p-hydroxyphenylacetic+acid&rft.au=Zepp%2C+R+G%3BSkurlatov%2C+YI%3BRitmiller%2C+L+R&rft.aulast=Zepp&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=287&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental%2FTechnology+Letters&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Tampa Harbour project: a major monitoring success AN - 13754830; S199132902 AB - Dredging of Tampa harbour (Fla.) started in 1975. The 10 year project removed 53.5 million m3 of material, of which 6.4 million m3 was disposed adjacent to the dredged channel. The initial disposal proposals (site A), consequent litigation, surveys of alternative disposal sites, monitoring and management plans, and selection of a new disposal site (site 4) are described. Results of biological monitoring of both sites after completion of disposal are tabulated and discussed. At site A, 16 months after cessation of operations, substrate fauna was dominated by red and brown algae with sponges, tunicates and sea urchins uniformly present. Fish were abundant and all silt had been removed by natural currents. Similar effects were found at site 4 within 8 months. It was likely that both sites would recover as coral, sponge and fish habitats. JF - Marine Pollution Bulletin AU - Amson, JE AD - US Environmental Protection Agency D.C. Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 637 EP - 646 VL - 19 IS - 11B SN - 0025-326X, 0025-326X KW - Algae (see also individual groups below) KW - Animals (see also individual groups below) KW - Fish (see also individual groups listed below) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13754830?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+Pollution+Bulletin&rft.atitle=The+Tampa+Harbour+project%3A+a+major+monitoring+success&rft.au=Amson%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Amson&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=11B&rft.spage=637&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Marine+Pollution+Bulletin&rft.issn=0025326X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Innovative subsurface sewage management: a programme to protect Idaho's Rathdrum Prairie aquifer AN - 13752960; S199032642 AB - The Rathdrum Prairie aquifer was designated a sole-source aquifer. Panhandle health district's programme to protect drinking water quality by managing the recharge of septic tank effluent to the aquifer is described. It entailed policies to encourage sound environmental practices, general regulations to limit residential development in rural areas and specific civil contracts called sewage management agreements governing septic tank permits. JF - Journal of Environmental Health AU - Prins, C J AU - Levin, M H AU - Lustig, K W AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 17 EP - 18 VL - 51 IS - 1 SN - 0022-0892, 0022-0892 KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13752960?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Health&rft.atitle=Innovative+subsurface+sewage+management%3A+a+programme+to+protect+Idaho%27s+Rathdrum+Prairie+aquifer&rft.au=Prins%2C+C+J%3BLevin%2C+M+H%3BLustig%2C+K+W&rft.aulast=Prins&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=17&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Health&rft.issn=00220892&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cumulative impacts on wetlands: linking scientific assessments and regulatory alternatives AN - 13740745; S199136922 AB - The principle cumulative effects on bottomland hardwood (BLH) forests in southeastern U.S.A. were from incremental forest loss (nibbling) and from synergism. Section 404 of the U.S. Clean Water Act is discussed with respect to cumulative impacts on wetlands. Regulatory procedures focused on permit site evaluation rather than on large landscapes. Three examples are presented to illustrate the importance of the landscape approach to cumulative impact assessment: hydrologic conveyance, phosphorus concentration and maintenance of balanced indigenous wildlife populations. The selection of spatial and temporal scales is discussed. Eight indicators of landscape integrity were identified. A method for cumulative impact assessment in BLH ecosystems is proposed based on the establishment of study unit boundaries, assessment of the condition of study unit landscape integrity, establishment of goals and consideration of the impacts of the permit proposals in relation to these goals. JF - Environmental Management AU - Lee, L C AU - Gosselink, J G AD - U.S. EPA, Washington, D.C. Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 591 EP - 602 VL - 12 IS - 5 SN - 0364-152X, 0364-152X KW - Equipment KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13740745?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=Cumulative+impacts+on+wetlands%3A+linking+scientific+assessments+and+regulatory+alternatives&rft.au=Lee%2C+L+C%3BGosselink%2C+J+G&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=591&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Management&rft.issn=0364152X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluating cumulative effects on wetland functions: a conceptual overview and generic framework AN - 13739923; S199136920 AB - Methods for quantifying cumulative effects of wetland loss or degradation on the interacting systems of wetlands are considered. The concepts of cumulative impact are defined and the differences between cumulative impact evaluation and conventional impact evaluation are described. Scientific issues in evaluating cumulative effects on wetland systems are discussed. A generic framework is proposed for evaluating cumulative effects on 3 wetland functions: flood storage, water quality and life support. The scientific issues included scale delineation, identification of threshold responses and analysis of the impact on wetland size, shape and position. There are 80 references. JF - Environmental Management AU - Preston, E M AU - Bedford, B L AD - U.S. EPA, Corvallis, Ore. Y1 - 1988 PY - 1988 DA - 1988 SP - 565 EP - 583 VL - 12 IS - 5 SN - 0364-152X, 0364-152X KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13739923?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=Evaluating+cumulative+effects+on+wetland+functions%3A+a+conceptual+overview+and+generic+framework&rft.au=Preston%2C+E+M%3BBedford%2C+B+L&rft.aulast=Preston&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=565&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Management&rft.issn=0364152X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of FAB MS/MS for analysis of quaternary amine pesticide standards. AN - 77949461; 3435796 JF - Biomedical & environmental mass spectrometry AU - Tondeur, Y AU - Sovocool, G W AU - Mitchum, R K AU - Niederhut, W J AU - Donnelly, J R AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Las Vegas, Nevada 89193. Y1 - 1987/12// PY - 1987 DA - December 1987 SP - 733 EP - 736 VL - 14 IS - 12 SN - 0887-6134, 0887-6134 KW - Amines KW - 0 KW - Pesticides KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - Reference Standards KW - Pesticides -- analysis KW - Amines -- analysis KW - Mass Spectrometry -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77949461?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biomedical+%26+environmental+mass+spectrometry&rft.atitle=Use+of+FAB+MS%2FMS+for+analysis+of+quaternary+amine+pesticide+standards.&rft.au=Tondeur%2C+Y%3BSovocool%2C+G+W%3BMitchum%2C+R+K%3BNiederhut%2C+W+J%3BDonnelly%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Tondeur&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=1987-12-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=733&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biomedical+%26+environmental+mass+spectrometry&rft.issn=08876134&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1988-04-01 N1 - Date created - 1988-04-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pyrethroid insecticides and the gamma-aminobutyric acidA receptor complex: motor activity and the acoustic startle response in the rat. AN - 77891799; 2826762 AB - Two behavioral tests, motor activity and the acoustic startle response (ASR), were used to test for dose-addition of cismethrin, a Type I, or deltamethrin, a Type II pyrethroid, with compounds active at the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABAA) receptor complex (picrotoxin, muscimol and chlordiazepoxide). Additivity was assessed using a simplified version of isobolographic analysis using chlorpromazine and haloperidol as positive controls for dose-additivity. Dosage-effect functions for all compounds were determined for both motor activity and the ASR. The effects of various combinations of chlorpromazine (0.5-4.0 mg/kg) and haloperidol (0.05-0.2 mg/kg) on motor activity indicate dose-addition. To test for dose-addition of pyrethroids and GABAergic compounds, cismethrin (3-18 mg/kg) or deltamethrin (2-6 mg/kg) were administered 90 min before testing, either alone, or before treatment with picrotoxin (0.25-2.0 mg/kg), muscimol (0.6-2.5 mg/kg) or chlordiazepoxide (2.5-10 mg/kg) administered 20 to 30 min before testing. All compounds produced dosage-dependent decreases in motor activity. Muscimol and picrotoxin decreased ASR amplitude, increased ASR latency and reduced ASR sensitization to increasing background noise levels. Chlordiazepoxide had no effect on any measure of the ASR. Results from the interaction studies indicate dose-addition of the effects of picrotoxin and deltamethrin on motor activity and the ASR. Additivity of dose was not seen with any other combination. These data suggest that the in vivo effects of the Type II pyrethroid deltamethrin may be due in part to interaction with the picrotoxinin binding site of the GABAA receptor-ionophore complex. In addition, these results are consistent with reported differential effects of the two classes of pyrethroids on the GABAA receptor complex. JF - The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics AU - Crofton, K M AU - Reiter, L W AD - Neurotoxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. Y1 - 1987/12// PY - 1987 DA - December 1987 SP - 946 EP - 954 VL - 243 IS - 3 SN - 0022-3565, 0022-3565 KW - Chlorides KW - 0 KW - Nitriles KW - Pyrethrins KW - Receptors, GABA-A KW - Picrotoxin KW - 124-87-8 KW - Muscimol KW - 2763-96-4 KW - decamethrin KW - 2JTS8R821G KW - cismethrin KW - 2VWB5PVB6A KW - Chlordiazepoxide KW - 6RZ6XEZ3CR KW - Haloperidol KW - J6292F8L3D KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Chlordiazepoxide -- pharmacology KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Picrotoxin -- pharmacology KW - Haloperidol -- pharmacology KW - Chlorides -- metabolism KW - Muscimol -- pharmacology KW - Male KW - Reflex, Startle -- drug effects KW - Receptors, GABA-A -- drug effects KW - Pyrethrins -- pharmacology KW - Motor Activity -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77891799?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+pharmacology+and+experimental+therapeutics&rft.atitle=Pyrethroid+insecticides+and+the+gamma-aminobutyric+acidA+receptor+complex%3A+motor+activity+and+the+acoustic+startle+response+in+the+rat.&rft.au=Crofton%2C+K+M%3BReiter%2C+L+W&rft.aulast=Crofton&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1987-12-01&rft.volume=243&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=946&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+pharmacology+and+experimental+therapeutics&rft.issn=00223565&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1988-02-02 N1 - Date created - 1988-02-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dose-response curves for erythrocyte protoporphyrin vs blood lead: effects of iron status. AN - 77879176; 3691443 AB - An increase in erythrocyte protoporphyrin (EP) is one of the most useful indicators of adverse biological response to lead exposure. A nonlinear mathematical model relating EP to blood lead concentration (PbB) was fitted to data in a sample of 1677 U.S. children (ages 2-6 years) in the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES II). Iron status was defined by percentage transferrin saturation (PTS). The dose-response curves for EP vs PbB increased systematically with decreasing PTS, largely due to decrease of a parameter proportional to red cell lead-holding capacity with decreasing PTS. JF - Environmental research AU - Marcus, A H AU - Schwartz, J AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1987/12// PY - 1987 DA - December 1987 SP - 221 EP - 227 VL - 44 IS - 2 SN - 0013-9351, 0013-9351 KW - Porphyrins KW - 0 KW - Protoporphyrins KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Iron KW - E1UOL152H7 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Child KW - Lead Poisoning -- blood KW - Iron -- blood KW - Porphyrins -- blood KW - Iron -- deficiency KW - Erythrocytes -- metabolism KW - Protoporphyrins -- blood KW - Lead -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77879176?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+research&rft.atitle=Dose-response+curves+for+erythrocyte+protoporphyrin+vs+blood+lead%3A+effects+of+iron+status.&rft.au=Marcus%2C+A+H%3BSchwartz%2C+J&rft.aulast=Marcus&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1987-12-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=221&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+research&rft.issn=00139351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1988-02-08 N1 - Date created - 1988-02-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A shake-flask test for estimation of biodegradability of toxic organic substances in the aquatic environment. AN - 77860160; 3691377 AB - Disadvantages of current biodegradation tests are examined: the need for high substrate concentrations, lack of parent compound concentration measurements, no estimation of sediment effects, failure to indicate compounds to which microbial populations must adapt to degrade, and lack of site specificity in innocula selection. A modified river die-away test is proposed for determining biodegradability of organic compounds and testing for toxic degradation products. The present test uses shake flasks containing sterile (2% formalin) and nonsterile site water: both with, and without, site sediment (500 mg/liter). Concurrent toxicity testing with mysids or daphnids provides a sensitive assay for the detection of toxic metabolites. Examples of three test compounds are given: methyl parathion, which undergoes rapid, sediment-mediated biodegradation; dibutylphthalate, to which some microbial communities exhibit an adaptation phenomenon; and methoxychlor, which has a relatively low water solubility and high sediment partition coefficient. The relative merits of this test procedure are discussed. JF - Ecotoxicology and environmental safety AU - Cripe, C R AU - Walker, W W AU - Pritchard, P H AU - Bourquin, A W AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Research Laboratory, Gulf Breeze, Florida 32561-3999. Y1 - 1987/12// PY - 1987 DA - December 1987 SP - 239 EP - 251 VL - 14 IS - 3 SN - 0147-6513, 0147-6513 KW - Phthalic Acids KW - 0 KW - Water Pollutants KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - Dibutyl Phthalate KW - 2286E5R2KE KW - Methyl Parathion KW - 41BCL2O91D KW - Parathion KW - 61G466064D KW - Methoxychlor KW - RIA79UD69L KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Fresh Water KW - Seawater KW - Methods KW - Biodegradation, Environmental KW - Daphnia KW - Water Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Parathion -- analogs & derivatives KW - Methyl Parathion -- toxicity KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- toxicity KW - Dibutyl Phthalate -- toxicity KW - Phthalic Acids -- toxicity KW - Methoxychlor -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77860160?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecotoxicology+and+environmental+safety&rft.atitle=A+shake-flask+test+for+estimation+of+biodegradability+of+toxic+organic+substances+in+the+aquatic+environment.&rft.au=Cripe%2C+C+R%3BWalker%2C+W+W%3BPritchard%2C+P+H%3BBourquin%2C+A+W&rft.aulast=Cripe&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1987-12-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=239&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecotoxicology+and+environmental+safety&rft.issn=01476513&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1988-02-17 N1 - Date created - 1988-02-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Responses of marine unicellular algae to brominated organic compounds in six growth media. AN - 77856178; 3691374 AB - Marine unicellular algae, Skeletonema costatum, Thalassiosira pseudonana, and Chlorella sp. were exposed to the industrial brominated compounds tetrabromobisphenol A, decabromobiphenyloxide (DBBO), hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), pentabromomethylbenzene (PBMB), pentabromoethylbenzene (PBEB), and the herbicide bromoxynil (BROM), in six algal growth media. High concentrations of DBBO (1 mg liter-1), PBMB (1 mg liter-1), and PBEB (0.5 mg liter-1) reduced growth by less than 50%. EC50s of the other compounds varied with growth medium, with high EC50/low EC50 ratios between 1.3 and 9.9. Lowest EC50s, 9.3 to 12.0 micrograms liter-1, were obtained with S. costatum and HBCD. It is concluded that responses to toxicants in different media are the results of interactions among algae, growth medium, toxicant, and solvent carrier. JF - Ecotoxicology and environmental safety AU - Walsh, G E AU - Yoder, M J AU - McLaughlin, L L AU - Lores, E M AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Research Laboratory, Gulf Breeze, Florida 32561. Y1 - 1987/12// PY - 1987 DA - December 1987 SP - 215 EP - 222 VL - 14 IS - 3 SN - 0147-6513, 0147-6513 KW - Hydrocarbons, Brominated KW - 0 KW - Water Pollutants KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - Index Medicus KW - Seawater KW - Water Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- toxicity KW - Eukaryota -- drug effects KW - Eukaryota -- growth & development KW - Hydrocarbons, Brominated -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77856178?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecotoxicology+and+environmental+safety&rft.atitle=Responses+of+marine+unicellular+algae+to+brominated+organic+compounds+in+six+growth+media.&rft.au=Walsh%2C+G+E%3BYoder%2C+M+J%3BMcLaughlin%2C+L+L%3BLores%2C+E+M&rft.aulast=Walsh&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1987-12-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=215&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecotoxicology+and+environmental+safety&rft.issn=01476513&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1988-02-17 N1 - Date created - 1988-02-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Studies on the potent bacterial mutagen, 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone: aqueous stability, XAD recovery and analytical determination in drinking water and in chlorinated humic acid solutions. AN - 77844854; 2960893 AB - 3-Chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (MX) was detected by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry in drinking water samples from 3 locations in the U.S.A., and also in a chlorinated humic acid solution. MX appears to account for a significant proportion of the mutagenicity of these samples, as measured in the Ames test using strain TA100 without metabolic activation. Studies on recovery of MX from spiked water samples by XAD-2/8 resin adsorption/acetone elution indicated that sample acidification prior to resin adsorption was essential to the effective recovery of MX. The stability of MX in aqueous solution was pH and temperature dependent. At 23 degrees C the order of stability, based on persistence of mutagenic activity was found to be: pH 2 greater than pH 4 greater than pH 8 greater than pH 6. The half-life at pH 8 and 23 degrees C was 4.6 days. One of the degradation products has been tentatively identified as 2-chloro-3-(dichloromethyl)-4-oxo-2-butenoic acid, an open form of MX which appears to be in the "E" configuration. Overall, these results suggest that MX is formed during water chlorination as a result of reaction of chlorine with humic substances, and that a substantial fraction of the MX formed is likely to persist throughout the distribution system. JF - Mutation research AU - Meier, J R AU - Knohl, R B AU - Coleman, W E AU - Ringhand, H P AU - Munch, J W AU - Kaylor, W H AU - Streicher, R P AU - Kopfler, F C AD - Toxicology and Microbiology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH 45268. Y1 - 1987/12// PY - 1987 DA - December 1987 SP - 363 EP - 373 VL - 189 IS - 4 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Furans KW - 0 KW - Humic Substances KW - Mutagens KW - Polystyrenes KW - Water Pollutants KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - Chlorine KW - 4R7X1O2820 KW - 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone KW - 77439-76-0 KW - Amberlite XAD-2 resin KW - 9060-05-3 KW - Index Medicus KW - Drug Stability KW - Mutagenicity Tests KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- genetics KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Furans -- pharmacokinetics KW - Water Supply -- analysis KW - Water Pollutants -- analysis KW - Mutagens -- analysis KW - Humic Substances -- analysis KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- analysis KW - Furans -- toxicity KW - Mutagens -- pharmacokinetics KW - Furans -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77844854?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Studies+on+the+potent+bacterial+mutagen%2C+3-chloro-4-%28dichloromethyl%29-5-hydroxy-2%285H%29-furanone%3A+aqueous+stability%2C+XAD+recovery+and+analytical+determination+in+drinking+water+and+in+chlorinated+humic+acid+solutions.&rft.au=Meier%2C+J+R%3BKnohl%2C+R+B%3BColeman%2C+W+E%3BRinghand%2C+H+P%3BMunch%2C+J+W%3BKaylor%2C+W+H%3BStreicher%2C+R+P%3BKopfler%2C+F+C&rft.aulast=Meier&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1987-12-01&rft.volume=189&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=363&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1987-12-21 N1 - Date created - 1987-12-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Erratum In: Mutat Res 1988 Apr;204(4):723 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Radiofrequency radiation activities and issues: a 1986 perspective. AN - 77806701; 3679824 AB - Current activities and issues related to radiofrequency (RF) radiation are discussed. They include a summary of environmental exposure levels as well as federal and other activities related to the control of exposure to RF radiation. An overview is given of the biological effects (thermal, athermal and non-thermal) and the limitations in our knowledge of these effects. Resources for continued research on health effects of RF radiation are discussed. JF - Health physics AU - Elder, J A AD - Developmental and Cell Toxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1987/12// PY - 1987 DA - December 1987 SP - 607 EP - 611 VL - 53 IS - 6 SN - 0017-9078, 0017-9078 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Radiation Dosage KW - Humans KW - Safety KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Legislation as Topic KW - Radio Waves KW - Radiation Protection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77806701?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Health+physics&rft.atitle=Radiofrequency+radiation+activities+and+issues%3A+a+1986+perspective.&rft.au=Elder%2C+J+A&rft.aulast=Elder&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1987-12-01&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=607&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Health+physics&rft.issn=00179078&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1988-01-07 N1 - Date created - 1988-01-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Summary Review of the Health Effects Associated With Phenol AN - 755138128; 13641424 AB - Phenol, a monohydroxy derivative of benzene, occurs naturally in animal waste and by decomposition of organic wastes. It is also produced by man, originally by fractional distillation of coal tar, but more recently by cumene hydroperoxidation and toluene oxi dation. As a result of large production volume and natural sources, occupational and environmental exposure to phenol is likely. Phenol poisoning can occur by skin absorption, vapor inhalation, or ingestion, and, regardless of route of exposure, can result in det rimental health effects. Acute toxicity has been observed in man and experimental animals, resulting in muscle weakness, convul sions, and coma. In addition, studies have shown that although teratogenic effects have not been associated with exposure to phenol by either inhalation or oral route, high doses of phenol are fetotoxic. This paper addresses these studies and others in an attempt to determine if human health is at risk to those levels of phenol present in the environment and workplace. However, because data are limited, further research is necessary to analyze the mutagenic and carcinogenic potential of this chemical. JF - Toxicology and Industrial Health AU - Bruce, Robert M AU - Santodonato, Joseph AU - Neal, Michael W AD - Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office Office of Health and Environmental Assessment U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Research Triangle Park, North Carolina Y1 - 1987/12// PY - 1987 DA - Dec 1987 SP - 535 EP - 568 PB - Sage Publications Ltd., 6 Bonhill St. London EC2A 4PU UK VL - 3 IS - 4 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/755138128?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Industrial+Health&rft.atitle=Summary+Review+of+the+Health+Effects+Associated+With+Phenol&rft.au=Bruce%2C+Robert+M%3BSantodonato%2C+Joseph%3BNeal%2C+Michael+W&rft.aulast=Bruce&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=1987-12-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=535&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Industrial+Health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F074823378700300407 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074823378700300407 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Respiratory Responses of Subjects With Allergic Rhinitis To Ozone Exposure and Their Relationship To Nonspecific Airway Reactivity AN - 755136264; 13641422 AB - Ozone exposure in man produces changes in respiratory function and symptoms. There is a large degree of unexplained intersubject variability in the magnitude of these responses. There is concern that individuals with chronic respiratory diseases may also be more responsive to ozone than normal individuals. The purpose of this study was to describe the responses of subjects with allergic rhinitis to ozone exposure and to compare these responses to those pre viously observed in normal individuals. A further purpose was to measure the association of baseline nonspecific airway reactivity with changes in lung function and respiratory symptoms following ozone exposure. A group of 26 nonasthmatic subjects with allergic rhinitis performed a bronchial inhalation challenge with histamine and subsequently underwent two hour exposures to both clean air and to 0.18 part per million ozone with alternating periods of rest and heavy exercise. The airway reactivity of this group of subjects was no greater than that of a comparable group of subjects without allergic rhinitis. The respiratory responses of these subjects to ozone exposure were similar to those previously reported for sub jects without allergic rhinitis with the exception that the allergic rhinitis subjects appeared to have a modestly increased broncho constrictor response compared to normals. Furthermore, we observed no significant relationships between nonspecific airway reactivity and response to ozone as measured by changes in lung function or the induction of symptoms. JF - Toxicology and Industrial Health AU - McDonnell, William F AU - Horstman, Donald H AU - Abdul-Salaam, Sa'id AU - Raggio, Louis J AU - Green, James A AD - Clinical Research Branch Inhalation Toxicology Division Health Effects Research Laboratory United States Environmental Protection Agency Research Triangle Park, North Carolina Y1 - 1987/12// PY - 1987 DA - Dec 1987 SP - 507 EP - 517 PB - Sage Publications Ltd., 6 Bonhill St. London EC2A 4PU UK VL - 3 IS - 4 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/755136264?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Industrial+Health&rft.atitle=The+Respiratory+Responses+of+Subjects+With+Allergic+Rhinitis+To+Ozone+Exposure+and+Their+Relationship+To+Nonspecific+Airway+Reactivity&rft.au=McDonnell%2C+William+F%3BHorstman%2C+Donald+H%3BAbdul-Salaam%2C+Sa%27id%3BRaggio%2C+Louis+J%3BGreen%2C+James+A&rft.aulast=McDonnell&rft.aufirst=William&rft.date=1987-12-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=507&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Industrial+Health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F074823378700300405 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074823378700300405 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Adaptation of Aquatic Microbial Communities to Hg(++) Stress AN - 19036354; 8805447 AB - The mechanism of adaptation to Hg(++) in four aquatic habitats was studied by correlating microbially mediated Hg(++) volatilization with the adaptive state of the exposed microbial communities. The sampling sites were in the vicinity of Pensacola, Florida, and included an estuary (Santa Rosa Sound), a salt marsh (Range Point Pond), fresh water in Thompson 's Bayou, and coastal waters of the Gulf of Mexico. Community diversity, heterotrophic activity, and Hg(++) resistance measurements indicated that adaptation of all four communities were stimulated by preexposure to HG(++). In the saline water communities, adaptation was associated with rapid volatilization after an initial lag period. In the freshwater communities Hg(+ +) was volatilized slowly, regardless of the resistance level of the microbial community. If the mer operon were coded for Hg(++) resistance and volatilization, its distribution in preexposed communities would be increased. However, the distribution was not related to Hg(++) adaptation. (Cassar-PTT) JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AEMIDF Vol. 53, No. 12, p 2725-2732, December 1987. 2 fig, 4 tab, 41 ref. AU - Barkay, T AD - Environmental Protection Agency Gulf Breeze, FL. Gulf Breeze Lab Y1 - 1987/12// PY - 1987 DA - Dec 1987 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Water pollution effects KW - Estuaries KW - Salt marshes KW - Adaptation KW - Microorganisms KW - Mercury KW - Genetics KW - Saline water KW - Coastal marshes KW - Marshes KW - Ponds KW - Seepage water KW - Bayous KW - Rivers KW - Aquatic habitats KW - Habitats KW - Thompson 's Bayou KW - Escambia River KW - Florida KW - Inhibition KW - Metals KW - Heavy metals KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution KW - SW 0890:Estuaries UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19036354?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Adaptation+of+Aquatic+Microbial+Communities+to+Hg%28%2B%2B%29+Stress&rft.au=Barkay%2C+T&rft.aulast=Barkay&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1987-12-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Don t Bother with Secondary Clarifier Distributed Inlets AN - 19036015; 8805564 AB - At the Stamford, Connecticut, Water Pollution Control Facility for activated sludge wastewater treatment, the EPA Water Engineering Reasearch Laboratory evaluated an inlet structure called the distributed inlet. This inlet was designed to create a uniformly distributed flow pattern in one of the secondary clarifiers. While the inlet created a fairly uniform flow in the immediate vacinity, it could not sustain this pattern across the clarifier 's full area. Performance was also degraded. Results from this project and earlier test work indicate that inlet structures have little influence on the avoidance of density current formation. This prevents them from creating a uniformly distributed flow throughout the entire clarifier. Inlet structure design, however, still remains an important aspect of clarifier design, although its role in creating a uniformly distributed flow pattern is disputed. (Sand-PTT) JF - Water Engineering and Management WENMD2 vol. 134, no. 12, p 2830, December 1987, 1 fig, 2 tab, 5 ref. EPA Cooperative Agreement CR810261. AU - Bender, J H AU - Semon, JA AU - Crosby, R M AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab Y1 - 1987/12// PY - 1987 DA - Dec 1987 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Distributed inlet KW - Wastewater treatment KW - Clarifiers KW - Activated sludge process KW - Municipal wastewater KW - Municipal wastes KW - Wastewater facilities KW - Desnity currents KW - Uniform flow KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes KW - SW 6030:Hydraulic machinery UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19036015?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Don+t+Bother+with+Secondary+Clarifier+Distributed+Inlets&rft.au=Bender%2C+J+H%3BSemon%2C+JA%3BCrosby%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=Bender&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1987-12-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dibutyl phthalate: maternal effects versus fetotoxicity. AN - 81094192; 3672555 AB - Dibutyl phthalate (DBP), a plasticizer, is a teratogen in mice and rabbits but produces fetal loss in the rat. Long-term dosing studies indicating reduced fertility in the rat suggested a maternal effect of the compound. The decidual cell response (DCR) and pregnant rats were used to examine whether DBP affects maternal physiological parameters independent of the compound's fetotoxic effect. DBP has no effect on the DCR, pregnant uterine weight, number of implantation sites, ovarian weight, or serum progesterone concentration during early pregnancy or pseudopregnancy. These data show that short-term dosing with DBP has no direct maternal effect in the rat and suggest that the viability of preimplantation embryos is not compromised. JF - Toxicology letters AU - Cummings, A M AU - Gray, L E AD - Reproductive Toxicology Branch, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1987/11// PY - 1987 DA - November 1987 SP - 43 EP - 50 VL - 39 IS - 1 SN - 0378-4274, 0378-4274 KW - Phthalic Acids KW - 0 KW - Dibutyl Phthalate KW - 2286E5R2KE KW - Progesterone KW - 4G7DS2Q64Y KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Fetus -- drug effects KW - Ovary -- drug effects KW - Uterus -- anatomy & histology KW - Uterus -- drug effects KW - Fetal Death KW - Pregnancy KW - Pseudopregnancy KW - Rats KW - Estrus KW - Progesterone -- blood KW - Female KW - Ovary -- anatomy & histology KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Dibutyl Phthalate -- toxicity KW - Phthalic Acids -- toxicity KW - Embryo Implantation -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/81094192?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+letters&rft.atitle=Dibutyl+phthalate%3A+maternal+effects+versus+fetotoxicity.&rft.au=Cummings%2C+A+M%3BGray%2C+L+E&rft.aulast=Cummings&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1987-11-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=43&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+letters&rft.issn=03784274&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1987-12-16 N1 - Date created - 1987-12-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mutagenicity in salmonella of hazardous wastes and urine from rats fed these wastes. AN - 81079302; 3313035 AB - 15 hazardous industrial waste samples were evaluated for mutagenicity in the Salmonella plate-incorporation assay using strains TA98 and TA100 in the presence and absence of Aroclor 1254-induced rat liver S9. Dichloromethane/methanol extracts of the crude wastes were also evaluated. 7 of the crude wastes were mutagenic, but only 2 of the extracts of these 7 wastes were mutagenic; extracts of 2 additional wastes also were mutagenic. In addition, 10 of the crude wastes were administered by gavage to F-344 rats, and 24-h urine samples were collected. Of the 10 raw urines evaluated, 3 were mutagenic in strain TA98 in the presence of S9 and beta-glucuronidase. The 3 crude wastes that produced these 3 mutagenic urines were, themselves, mutagenic. Adequate volumes of 6 of the 10 raw urines were available for extraction/concentration. These 6 urines were incubated with beta-glucuronidase and eluted through Sep-Pak C18 columns; the methanol eluates of 3 of the urines were mutagenic, and these were the same 3 whose raw urines also were mutagenic. In general, the C18/methanol extraction procedure reduced the cytotoxicity and increased the mutagenic potency of the urines. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the mutagenicity of urine from rodents exposed to hazardous wastes. Based on the present results, the use of only strain TA98 in the presence of S9 might be adequate for general screening of hazardous wastes or waste extracts for genotoxicity. The urinary mutagenesis assay does not appear to be a useful adjunct to the Salmonella assay for screening hazardous wastes. The problems associated with chemically fractionating diverse types of hazardous wastes for bioassay are also discussed. JF - Mutation research AU - DeMarini, D M AU - Inmon, J P AU - Simmons, J E AU - Berman, E AU - Pasley, T C AU - Warren, S H AU - Williams, R W AD - Genetic Toxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1987/11// PY - 1987 DA - November 1987 SP - 205 EP - 216 VL - 189 IS - 3 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Bacterial Proteins KW - 0 KW - Industrial Waste KW - Glucuronidase KW - EC 3.2.1.31 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Mutagenicity Tests KW - Biotransformation KW - Microsomes, Liver -- metabolism KW - Glucuronidase -- metabolism KW - Chemical Fractionation KW - Bacterial Proteins -- metabolism KW - Rats, Inbred F344 -- urine KW - Research Design KW - Male KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- drug effects KW - Industrial Waste -- analysis KW - Industrial Waste -- pharmacology KW - Urine -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/81079302?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Mutagenicity+in+salmonella+of+hazardous+wastes+and+urine+from+rats+fed+these+wastes.&rft.au=DeMarini%2C+D+M%3BInmon%2C+J+P%3BSimmons%2C+J+E%3BBerman%2C+E%3BPasley%2C+T+C%3BWarren%2C+S+H%3BWilliams%2C+R+W&rft.aulast=DeMarini&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1987-11-01&rft.volume=189&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=205&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1987-12-02 N1 - Date created - 1987-12-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regulatory perspective of pesticide analytical enforcement methodology in the United States. AN - 77942701; 3436905 AB - A critical overview is presented of the current regulatory problems encountered by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in evaluating the adequacy of pesticide analytical enforcement methodologies submitted in support of proposed pesticide tolerances. One of these problems is the development and validation of appropriate, adequate enforcement analytical methods which account for all free or bound/conjugated residue components of the "total toxic residue" in the commodities of concern. Also included is a detailed discussion of suggested improvements in the development and validation of these enforcement methods, for example, integrating radiolabeled metabolism studies with the subsequent development and validation of proposed analytical enforcement methodologies. New procedures are proposed to facilitate the availability of analytical methods to enforcement agencies and other organizations during the method validation process. Future initiatives to use the collaborative study process in the development and validation of Pesticide Analytical Manual, Volume 2, enforcement methods for contemporary pesticides are also discussed. JF - Journal - Association of Official Analytical Chemists AU - Kovacs, M F AU - Trichilo, C L AD - Environmental Protection Agency, Hazard Evaluation Division, Arlington, VA 22202. PY - 1987 SP - 937 EP - 940 VL - 70 IS - 6 SN - 0004-5756, 0004-5756 KW - Pesticide Residues KW - 0 KW - Pesticides KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - Pesticide Residues -- analysis KW - Pesticides -- analysis KW - Legislation, Drug UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77942701?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+-+Association+of+Official+Analytical+Chemists&rft.atitle=Regulatory+perspective+of+pesticide+analytical+enforcement+methodology+in+the+United+States.&rft.au=Kovacs%2C+M+F%3BTrichilo%2C+C+L&rft.aulast=Kovacs&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1987-11-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=937&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+-+Association+of+Official+Analytical+Chemists&rft.issn=00045756&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1988-03-25 N1 - Date created - 1988-03-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sample accountability quality assurance for the "Integrated Air Cancer Project" research program of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. AN - 77941451; 3436901 AB - A sample accountability quality assurance (QA) program is described for a field and laboratory research effort which resulted in collection of approximately 2000 samples for analysis by several EPA and contractor laboratories. A QA program was specifically developed for this research program to include sample transfer from collection site to storage maintenance, record development, transfer to researchers, and sample tracking at all stages. A sample identification system and sample custody records are described for field and laboratory application. The functions of a sample coordinator are also described as relating to sample custody, coordination of sample analysis with researchers, and development of computer record files to facilitate research and sample tracking. JF - Journal - Association of Official Analytical Chemists AU - Watts, R R AU - Cupitt, L T AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Health Effects Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. PY - 1987 SP - 1069 EP - 1072 VL - 70 IS - 6 SN - 0004-5756, 0004-5756 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens, Environmental KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - Quality Control KW - Carcinogens, Environmental -- analysis KW - Air Pollutants -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77941451?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+-+Association+of+Official+Analytical+Chemists&rft.atitle=Sample+accountability+quality+assurance+for+the+%22Integrated+Air+Cancer+Project%22+research+program+of+the+U.S.+Environmental+Protection+Agency.&rft.au=Watts%2C+R+R%3BCupitt%2C+L+T&rft.aulast=Watts&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1987-11-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1069&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+-+Association+of+Official+Analytical+Chemists&rft.issn=00045756&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1988-03-25 N1 - Date created - 1988-03-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of the developmental toxicity of sodium nitrite in Long-Evans rats. AN - 77892501; 3692023 AB - Sodium nitrite administered in the drinking water to Long-Evans rats during pregnancy and lactation severely affected erythropoietic development, growth, and mortality in their offspring. Pregnant rats were maintained throughout gestation on 0.5, 1, 2, or 3 g NaNO2/liter. There were no significant differences between treated and control litters at birth. Thereafter, pups of treated dams on 2 and 3 g NaNO2/liter gained less weight, progressively became severely anemic, and began to die by the third week postpartum. By the second week postpartum, hemoglobin levels, RBC counts, and mean corpuscular volumes of these pups were all drastically reduced compared to controls. Blood smears showed marked anisocytosis and hypochromasia. Gross chylous serum lipemia and fatty liver degeneration were noted. Histopathology demonstrated cytoplasmic vacuolization of centrilobular hepatocytes and decreased hematopoiesis in bone marrow and spleen. Administration of 1 g NaNO2/liter resulted in hematological effects but did not affect growth or mortality. NaNO2 (0.5 g/liter) was at or near the no observed effect level. Cross-fostering indicated that treatment during the lactational period was more instrumental in producing lesions than treatment during the gestational period. The data presented are consistent with the lactational induction of severe iron deficiency in the neonate. JF - Fundamental and applied toxicology : official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Roth, A C AU - Herkert, G E AU - Bercz, J P AU - Smith, M K AD - Health Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268. Y1 - 1987/11// PY - 1987 DA - November 1987 SP - 668 EP - 677 VL - 9 IS - 4 SN - 0272-0590, 0272-0590 KW - Hemoglobins KW - 0 KW - Nitrites KW - Sodium Nitrite KW - M0KG633D4F KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Blood Chemical Analysis KW - Hemoglobins -- metabolism KW - Drinking -- drug effects KW - Erythrocyte Count KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Female KW - Animals, Newborn -- physiology KW - Pregnancy KW - Maternal Behavior -- drug effects KW - Nitrites -- toxicity KW - Sodium Nitrite -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77892501?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fundamental+and+applied+toxicology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+the+developmental+toxicity+of+sodium+nitrite+in+Long-Evans+rats.&rft.au=Roth%2C+A+C%3BHerkert%2C+G+E%3BBercz%2C+J+P%3BSmith%2C+M+K&rft.aulast=Roth&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1987-11-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=668&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fundamental+and+applied+toxicology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=02720590&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1988-02-03 N1 - Date created - 1988-02-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Improved Design and Operational Practices for Municipal Sludge Incinerators AN - 19039677; 8804195 AB - Multiple-hearth furnace (MHF) and fluid bed furnace (FBF) incineration systems for wastewater sludge are complex and require a high level of technical skill for successful operation. Under certain circumstances, the advantages of incineration as a sludge treatment option make the process a viable alternative for some municipal wastewater treatment facilities. Designers, owners, and operators of incineration systems should also be aware of possible future changes in air emissions requirements for sludge incinerators now being considered in Federal regulations development governing sludge disposal from municipal wastewater treatment facilities. Sludge incinerator performance can be improved by careful attention to equipment operation and management and process control. For example, recent EPA sponsored research demonstrates that improvements in incinerator operation can be achieved with expert analysis of the incineration process, equipment modifications, proper operation, and staff training. Operational incineration system models in three U.S. cities were studied and changes made. Upgrading work costs, including staff training, were normally recovered in fuel savings in a 3 to 6 month operating period. (Lantz-PTT) JF - Water Pollution Control Federation Journal JWPFA5 Vol. 59, No. 11, p 939-943, November 1987. 2 fig, 1 tab, 2 ref. EPA Contract No. 68-03-3208. AU - Gilbert, W G AU - Evans, F L AU - Wall, H AU - Reardon, F X AU - Gowen, E M AD - Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC. Office of Municipal Pollution Control Y1 - 1987/11// PY - 1987 DA - Nov 1987 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Wastewater treatment KW - Municipal wastewater KW - Sludge KW - Sludge disposal KW - Incineration KW - Design standards KW - Wastewater treatment facilities KW - Construction KW - Regulations KW - SW 3050:Ultimate disposal of wastes KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19039677?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Improved+Design+and+Operational+Practices+for+Municipal+Sludge+Incinerators&rft.au=Gilbert%2C+W+G%3BEvans%2C+F+L%3BWall%2C+H%3BReardon%2C+F+X%3BGowen%2C+E+M&rft.aulast=Gilbert&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1987-11-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Drugs of Abuse: Data Collection Systems of DEA and Recent Trends AN - 1093451639; 17184965 AB - The U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration has several different systems for collecting information on drugs of abuse. One is an early warning system, which collects information to provide scientific data and interpretation on drug abuse. Another is the collection of data from evidence submitted to DEA laboratories. This is a review of the significance of the data in each system and an examination of some of the trends observed from the data. JF - Journal of Analytical Toxicology AU - Frank, Richard S AD - Chief, Forensic Sciences Section, Office of Science and Technology, Drug Enforcement Administration Y1 - 1987/11// PY - 1987 DA - Nov 1987 SP - 237 EP - 241 PB - Preston Publications, Inc., 6600 W. Touhy Ave. Niles IL 60714 United States VL - 11 IS - 6 SN - 0146-4760, 0146-4760 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Data collections KW - Data processing KW - Drug abuse KW - Information systems KW - Reviews KW - X 24380:Social Poisons & Drug Abuse UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1093451639?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Analytical+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Drugs+of+Abuse%3A+Data+Collection+Systems+of+DEA+and+Recent+Trends&rft.au=Frank%2C+Richard+S&rft.aulast=Frank&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.date=1987-11-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=237&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Analytical+Toxicology&rft.issn=01464760&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/oup/jat/1987/00000011/00000006/art00001 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-10-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Data processing; Reviews; Data collections; Drug abuse; Information systems ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Developmental toxicity of halogenated acetonitriles: drinking water by-products of chlorine disinfection. AN - 81045499; 3660423 AB - The developmental toxicity of acetonitrile and 5 halogenated derivatives was examined with an in vivo teratology screen adapted for use in the Long-Evans rat. The screen was extended to an evaluation of growth till postnatal Days 41-42, and weight of several organs at sacrifice. Acetonitrile was without developmental effects even at doses toxic to the dam. Of the halogenated compounds, treatment with trichloroacetonitrile (TCAN) and dichloroacetonitrile (DCAN) resulted in reduced fertility and increased early implantation failure. There was no effect on litter size in females bearing live litters, but pup birth weight was reduced in all litters exposed to halogenated compounds. Perinatal survival of the pups was adversely impacted by DCAN and TCAN. Postnatal growth till Day 4 was reduced by DCAN and bromochloroacetonitrile (BCAN) while growth till Day 42 was consistently affected only by TCAN. Some general observations were made on the usefulness of the criteria used in the screen, and TCAN, the most toxic of the halogenated compounds, was selected for further in-depth evaluation. JF - Toxicology AU - Smith, M K AU - George, E L AU - Zenick, H AU - Manson, J M AU - Stober, J A AD - Health Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH 45268. Y1 - 1987/10/12/ PY - 1987 DA - 1987 Oct 12 SP - 83 EP - 93 VL - 46 IS - 1 SN - 0300-483X, 0300-483X KW - Acetonitriles KW - 0 KW - Disinfectants KW - Chlorine KW - 4R7X1O2820 KW - acetonitrile KW - Z072SB282N KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Reproduction -- drug effects KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Abnormalities, Drug-Induced -- etiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Chlorine -- toxicity KW - Water Supply -- analysis KW - Fetus -- drug effects KW - Acetonitriles -- toxicity KW - Disinfectants -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/81045499?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology&rft.atitle=Developmental+toxicity+of+halogenated+acetonitriles%3A+drinking+water+by-products+of+chlorine+disinfection.&rft.au=Smith%2C+M+K%3BGeorge%2C+E+L%3BZenick%2C+H%3BManson%2C+J+M%3BStober%2C+J+A&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1987-10-12&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=83&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology&rft.issn=0300483X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1987-11-12 N1 - Date created - 1987-11-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The fungicide methyl 2-benzimidazole carbamate causes infertility in male Sprague-Dawley rats. AN - 81109299; 3676414 AB - A serial breeding technique was used to evaluate the fertility of male Sprague-Dawley rats after exposure to the fungicide carbendazim (methyl 2-benzimidazole carbamate). Proven-fertile male rats (90 days old) received 10 daily doses of corn oil or carbendazim (400 mg/kg/day) peroral. Each male was bred with a new female each week; breeding began on the third day of treatment and continued for 32 wk after the last day of chemical exposure. Twelve days after each breeding period, the females were killed, their uteri were examined for resorptions, and the number of dead and viable fetuses was determined. All males were killed 35 wk post exposure, and testicular tissue was prepared for histopathological examination by vascular perfusion. Fertility (percent fertile as indicated by pregnant females) of males in the carbendazim-treated group was depressed the first post-exposure week; 10 of the 24 treated males failed to produce a pregnant female as compared with no failures in the control group. By the fifth post-exposure week, 16 of the 24 carbendazim-treated males were infertile. Of these 16 males, 4 recovered fertility after a failure to produce a pregnant female for 5-11 consecutive breeding periods. However, 12 of the males did not recover fertility during the remainder of the 32-wk post-exposure period. Histological examinations of testicular sections 245 days post exposure revealed that exposure to carbendazim caused severe seminiferous tubular atrophy (greater than 85% of tubules were atrophic) in those carbendazim-treated males that failed to recover fertility.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Biology of reproduction AU - Carter, S D AU - Hess, R A AU - Laskey, J W AD - Health Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1987/10// PY - 1987 DA - October 1987 SP - 709 EP - 717 VL - 37 IS - 3 SN - 0006-3363, 0006-3363 KW - Benzimidazoles KW - 0 KW - Carbamates KW - Fungicides, Industrial KW - carbendazim KW - H75J14AA89 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats, Inbred Strains KW - Rats KW - Atrophy -- chemically induced KW - Animals KW - Testis -- pathology KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Seminiferous Tubules -- pathology KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Infertility, Male -- pathology KW - Infertility, Male -- chemically induced KW - Fungicides, Industrial -- toxicity KW - Benzimidazoles -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/81109299?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biology+of+reproduction&rft.atitle=The+fungicide+methyl+2-benzimidazole+carbamate+causes+infertility+in+male+Sprague-Dawley+rats.&rft.au=Carter%2C+S+D%3BHess%2C+R+A%3BLaskey%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Carter&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1987-10-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=709&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biology+of+reproduction&rft.issn=00063363&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1988-01-13 N1 - Date created - 1988-01-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Feasibility of route extrapolation in risk assessment. AN - 81105697; 3676117 JF - British journal of industrial medicine AU - Pepelko, W E AD - US Environmental Protection Agency, Carcinogen Assessment Group, Office of Health and Environmental Assessment (RD-689), Washington, DC 20460. Y1 - 1987/10// PY - 1987 DA - October 1987 SP - 649 EP - 651 VL - 44 IS - 10 SN - 0007-1072, 0007-1072 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Risk KW - Toxicology -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/81105697?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=British+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Feasibility+of+route+extrapolation+in+risk+assessment.&rft.au=Pepelko%2C+W+E&rft.aulast=Pepelko&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1987-10-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=649&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=British+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=00071072&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1988-01-14 N1 - Date created - 1988-01-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Q J Exp Physiol Cogn Med Sci. 1967 Jul;52(3):231-48 [5182405] Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1971 Jul 6;179:108-14 [5285372] Toxicol Ind Health. 1985 Dec;1(4):153-70 [3843498] Nature. 1978 Apr 13;272(5654):633-4 [643056] Clin Pharmacokinet. 1979 Sep-Oct;4(5):355-67 [41661] J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1972 Jun;181(3):489-97 [4624401] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chemical reactivity, cytotoxicity, and mutagenicity of chloropropanones. AN - 81095414; 3313810 AB - Studies were conducted to assess the in vitro toxicity of three chloropropanones: monochloropropanone (MCP), 1,1-dichloropropanone (1,1-DCP), and 1,3-dichloropropanone (1,3-DCP). Chloropropanones reacted directly with reduced glutathione (GSH) in sodium phosphate buffer at pH 7.4. All chloropropanones were cytotoxic to suspensions of male rat hepatocytes in a concentration range of 0.5-10 mM. Cytotoxicity was preceded by rapid decline in cellular GSH levels. Mutagenic potencies among the chloropropanones in Salmonella typhimurium bacteria differed greatly. 1,3-DCP was mutagenic in the nanomole range, 1,1-DCP was weakly mutagenic in the micromole range, and MCP was not mutagenic. Mutagenicity of the dichloropropanones was evident without metabolic activation. These results suggest that the three chloropropanones may, in part, be directly cytotoxic but only 1,3-DCP and 1,1-DCP are directly mutagenic. JF - Toxicology and applied pharmacology AU - Merrick, B A AU - Smallwood, C L AU - Meier, J R AU - McKean, D L AU - Kaylor, W H AU - Condie, L W AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Toxicology and Microbiology Division, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268. Y1 - 1987/10// PY - 1987 DA - October 1987 SP - 46 EP - 54 VL - 91 IS - 1 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - Mutagens KW - 0 KW - Acetone KW - 1364PS73AF KW - chloroacetone KW - 60ZTR74268 KW - Aspartate Aminotransferases KW - EC 2.6.1.1 KW - Glutathione KW - GAN16C9B8O KW - 1,1-dichloroacetone KW - MCU87D3FRT KW - 1,3-dichloroacetone KW - UFH8559WS5 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Chemistry KW - Glutathione -- metabolism KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- drug effects KW - Rats KW - Rats, Inbred Strains KW - Aspartate Aminotransferases -- metabolism KW - Mutagenicity Tests KW - Cell Survival -- drug effects KW - Chemical Phenomena KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- genetics KW - Mutation KW - Male KW - Liver -- enzymology KW - Liver -- cytology KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Mutagens -- toxicity KW - Acetone -- toxicity KW - Acetone -- analogs & derivatives UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/81095414?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Chemical+reactivity%2C+cytotoxicity%2C+and+mutagenicity+of+chloropropanones.&rft.au=Merrick%2C+B+A%3BSmallwood%2C+C+L%3BMeier%2C+J+R%3BMcKean%2C+D+L%3BKaylor%2C+W+H%3BCondie%2C+L+W&rft.aulast=Merrick&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1987-10-01&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=46&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1987-11-23 N1 - Date created - 1987-11-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mutagenicity of actinomycin D in mammalian cells due to clastogenic effects. AN - 81032201; 3657844 AB - Actinomycin D was clastogenic and mutagenic in L5178Y/TK +/- -3.7.2C mouse lymphoma cells. The majority of the mutants were small colonies, indicating that actinomycin D acts primarily by a clastogenic mechanism. JF - Mutation research AU - DeMarini, D M AU - Brock, K H AU - Doerr, C L AU - Moore, M M AD - Genetic Toxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1987/10// PY - 1987 DA - October 1987 SP - 151 EP - 155 VL - 192 IS - 2 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Mutagens KW - 0 KW - Neoplasm Proteins KW - Dactinomycin KW - 1CC1JFE158 KW - Thymidine Kinase KW - EC 2.7.1.21 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Mutagenicity Tests KW - Neoplasm Proteins -- genetics KW - Mice KW - Tumor Stem Cell Assay KW - Mutation KW - Thymidine Kinase -- genetics KW - Leukemia L1210 KW - Dactinomycin -- pharmacology KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured -- drug effects KW - Chromosome Aberrations KW - Mutagens -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/81032201?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Mutagenicity+of+actinomycin+D+in+mammalian+cells+due+to+clastogenic+effects.&rft.au=DeMarini%2C+D+M%3BBrock%2C+K+H%3BDoerr%2C+C+L%3BMoore%2C+M+M&rft.aulast=DeMarini&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1987-10-01&rft.volume=192&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=151&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1987-11-09 N1 - Date created - 1987-11-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Guide for the Salmonella typhimurium/mammalian microsome tests for bacterial mutagenicity. AN - 81030635; 3309640 AB - Since its development by Dr. Bruce Ames and his coworkers, the Salmonella typhimurium/mammalian microsome mutagenicity assay has been used widely throughout the world. Many authors have suggested various modifications and made recommendations in regards to this assay. Although the recommendations of a panel of experts was published in 1979 by de Serres and Shelby, a committee of members of the Environmental Mutagen Society (EMS) initiated this effort in response to the encouragement by the American Society of Testing and Materials (Committee E47.09.01) and because of new developments within the field of microbial mutagenesis testing. Its purpose is to provide a guide for people who perform or evaluate microbial mutagenesis tests, but it is not intended for these recommendations to replace or diminish the usefulness of presently available protocols and procedures. JF - Mutation research AU - Claxton, L D AU - Allen, J AU - Auletta, A AU - Mortelmans, K AU - Nestmann, E AU - Zeiger, E AD - Genetic Bioassay Branch, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1987/10// PY - 1987 DA - October 1987 SP - 83 EP - 91 VL - 189 IS - 2 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Mutagens KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Mammals KW - Biotransformation KW - Microsomes, Liver -- metabolism KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- drug effects KW - Statistics as Topic KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- genetics KW - Research Design KW - Mutagens -- analysis KW - Mutagenicity Tests -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/81030635?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Guide+for+the+Salmonella+typhimurium%2Fmammalian+microsome+tests+for+bacterial+mutagenicity.&rft.au=Claxton%2C+L+D%3BAllen%2C+J%3BAuletta%2C+A%3BMortelmans%2C+K%3BNestmann%2C+E%3BZeiger%2C+E&rft.aulast=Claxton&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1987-10-01&rft.volume=189&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=83&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1987-10-30 N1 - Date created - 1987-10-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Observational batteries and motor activity. AN - 77924007; 3124382 AB - There is a critical need for methods to rapidly assess the potential of new and existing chemicals for producing behavioral and/or neurological dysfunction. Two tests, a functional observational battery (FOB) and motor activity, have been used to screen compounds for neurobehavioral effects. An FOB includes evaluations of toxicant-treated animals in the home-cage as well as through direct experimenter intervention. In order to be useful, an FOB needs to be standardized, evaluated for its ability to detect known states of intoxication, and streamlined so as to be both maximally efficient and predictive. Automated measures of motor activity have been used extensively to evaluate a wide range of chemicals. A chemical's effect on motor activity may differ depending on the types of motor activity affected by the chemical as well as the types of responses the motor activity device records. Recent developments designed to enhance sensitivity and the yield of data collected in motor activity experiments are also described. JF - Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie, Mikrobiologie und Hygiene. Serie B, Umwelthygiene, Krankenhaushygiene, Arbeitshygiene, praventive Medizin AU - MacPhail, R C AD - Neurotoxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1987/10// PY - 1987 DA - October 1987 SP - 21 EP - 27 VL - 185 IS - 1-2 SN - 0932-6073, 0932-6073 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - Behavior, Animal -- drug effects KW - Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions KW - Motor Activity -- drug effects KW - Drug Evaluation, Preclinical -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77924007?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Zentralblatt+fur+Bakteriologie%2C+Mikrobiologie+und+Hygiene.+Serie+B%2C+Umwelthygiene%2C+Krankenhaushygiene%2C+Arbeitshygiene%2C+praventive+Medizin&rft.atitle=Observational+batteries+and+motor+activity.&rft.au=MacPhail%2C+R+C&rft.aulast=MacPhail&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1987-10-01&rft.volume=185&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=21&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Zentralblatt+fur+Bakteriologie%2C+Mikrobiologie+und+Hygiene.+Serie+B%2C+Umwelthygiene%2C+Krankenhaushygiene%2C+Arbeitshygiene%2C+praventive+Medizin&rft.issn=09326073&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1988-03-11 N1 - Date created - 1988-03-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Studies on the mechanism of action of chloroform stimulation of rat hepatic ornithine decarboxylase (ODC). AN - 77921680; 3432737 AB - We have previously reported that chloroform is a very potent stimulator of rat hepatic Ornithine Decarboxylase (ODC) activity. At that time we conducted the obligatory time course and dose response studies in male and female rats. However, in an attempt to more thoroughly understand the mechanism of this stimulation, we have examined the effects of a series of pharmacologic, physiologic and toxicologic manipulations on the chloroform response. These studies involved: in vivo experiments in which animals were pretreated with compounds known to effect the various physiological systems and then challenged with chloroform and in vitro experiments in which chloroform was added to the incubation media with/without the compound of interest. The results did not allow the assignment of a specific effect of any of the manipulations to the mechanism of the chloroform response, although much data of significant interest evolved. JF - Research communications in chemical pathology and pharmacology AU - Savage, R E AU - DeAngelo, A B AU - Guion, C AU - Pereira, M A AD - Bioassay Branch, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268. Y1 - 1987/10// PY - 1987 DA - October 1987 SP - 97 EP - 113 VL - 58 IS - 1 SN - 0034-5164, 0034-5164 KW - Aroclors KW - 0 KW - Maleates KW - Chlorodiphenyl (54% Chlorine) KW - 11097-69-1 KW - Chloroform KW - 7V31YC746X KW - Reserpine KW - 8B1QWR724A KW - Propranolol KW - 9Y8NXQ24VQ KW - diethyl maleate KW - AK5N1DQX7U KW - Ornithine Decarboxylase KW - EC 4.1.1.17 KW - Indomethacin KW - XXE1CET956 KW - Phenobarbital KW - YQE403BP4D KW - Index Medicus KW - Reserpine -- pharmacology KW - Animals KW - Injections, Intravenous KW - Cytosol -- drug effects KW - Cytosol -- enzymology KW - Propranolol -- pharmacology KW - Indomethacin -- pharmacology KW - Stimulation, Chemical KW - Rats KW - Maleates -- pharmacology KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Aroclors -- pharmacology KW - Phenobarbital -- pharmacology KW - Female KW - Male KW - Ornithine Decarboxylase -- metabolism KW - Liver -- enzymology KW - Chloroform -- pharmacology KW - Liver -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77921680?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Research+communications+in+chemical+pathology+and+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Studies+on+the+mechanism+of+action+of+chloroform+stimulation+of+rat+hepatic+ornithine+decarboxylase+%28ODC%29.&rft.au=Savage%2C+R+E%3BDeAngelo%2C+A+B%3BGuion%2C+C%3BPereira%2C+M+A&rft.aulast=Savage&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1987-10-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=97&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Research+communications+in+chemical+pathology+and+pharmacology&rft.issn=00345164&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1988-02-29 N1 - Date created - 1988-02-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - PCDDs, PCDFs, and metals in selected Danish soils. AN - 77890437; 3691369 AB - Topsoil samples from five locations in Denmark were collected and analyzed for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and selected heavy metals. The upper soil layers contained elevated concentrations of PCDDs, PCDFs, Pb, Zn, and Cu compared to the lower layers. The soil contents of PCDDs plus PCDFs were closely related to Pb contents. Higher concentrations were found near urban areas relative to strictly rural locations. From the presented data the provisional Danish background content of PCDDs plus PCDFs is estimated to be 4-7 micrograms m-2 in the topsoil of coniferous forests. JF - Ecotoxicology and environmental safety AU - Nielsen, P G AU - Løkke, H AD - State Chemical Supervision Service, National Environmental Protection Agency, Copenhagen, Denmark. Y1 - 1987/10// PY - 1987 DA - October 1987 SP - 147 EP - 156 VL - 14 IS - 2 SN - 0147-6513, 0147-6513 KW - Benzofurans KW - 0 KW - Dioxins KW - Metals KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins KW - Polymers KW - Soil Pollutants KW - polychlorodibenzofuran KW - Index Medicus KW - Denmark KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins -- analogs & derivatives KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins -- analysis KW - Dioxins -- analysis KW - Benzofurans -- analysis KW - Metals -- analysis KW - Soil Pollutants -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77890437?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecotoxicology+and+environmental+safety&rft.atitle=PCDDs%2C+PCDFs%2C+and+metals+in+selected+Danish+soils.&rft.au=Nielsen%2C+P+G%3BL%C3%B8kke%2C+H&rft.aulast=Nielsen&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1987-10-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=147&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecotoxicology+and+environmental+safety&rft.issn=01476513&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1988-01-26 N1 - Date created - 1988-01-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessment of Design Tradeoffs When Using Intrachannel Clarifiers AN - 19039766; 8804069 AB - Basic operation concepts for proprietary intrachannel clarifiers , the design considerations and benefits of systems without conventional secondary clarifiers are provided. Waste sludge concentrations, handling facilities sizes, circulating mixed liquor flow in oxidation ditches, aeration equipment and channel velocities, and the operation and maintenance considerations are included. The conclusion that oxidation ditch processes can be made more cost effective is supported. (Author 's abstract) JF - Journal - Water Pollution Control Federation JWPFA5 Vol. 59, No. 10, p 871-876, October 1987. 9 fig, 12 ref. AU - Bender, J H AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab Y1 - 1987/10// PY - 1987 DA - Oct 1987 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Wastewater treatment KW - Design standards KW - Clarifiers KW - Intrachannel clarifiers KW - Sludge KW - Mixed liquors KW - Aeration KW - Costs KW - Clarification KW - Oxidation KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19039766?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+Design+Tradeoffs+When+Using+Intrachannel+Clarifiers&rft.au=Bender%2C+J+H&rft.aulast=Bender&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1987-10-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Controlling Arsenic, Fluoride, and Uranium by Point-of-Use Treatment AN - 19031645; 8805089 AB - Characteristics of point-of-use devices suitable for removing inorganic contaminants are described. Five techniques are in use for point-of-use treatment: reverse osmosis, activated alumina systems, ion exchange systems, granular activated carbon systems , and distillation. The Environmental Protection Agency has approved the first three of these for inorganic contaminant removal; laboratory and field studies with these units were conducted. Ion exchange and activated alumina units employed in Alaska and Oregon performed well when the media were properly prepared. Removals by low-pressure reverse osmosis units were good, but could not bring extremely high As (1.08 mg/l) to less than the maximum contaminant level (MCL). High pressure units worked well, however. Point-of-use RO systems in San Ysidro, New Mexico, are lowering influent As and F levels to below the MCLs. Unexpected coliforms were found in three units. Taste of the water was improved by RO. Anion exchange systems in Colorado and New Mexico performed well in lowering U concentrations in different water supplies from a range of 22-104 ug/l to <2 ug/l. A laboratory study with a point-of-use unit showed excellent removal of Be, Hg, Se (IV and VI), Pb, Cd, Cr, (III and VI), and F, as well as lowering total dissolved solids and other natural constituents. (Rochester-PTT) JF - Journal of the American Water Works Association JAWWA5 Vol. 79, No. 10, p 81-84, October 1987. 3 fig, 5 tab, 4 ref. AU - Fox, K R AU - Sorg, T J AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH. Drinking Water Research Div Y1 - 1987/10// PY - 1987 DA - Oct 1987 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Point-of-use treatment KW - Drinking water KW - Arsenic KW - Water treatment KW - Fluoride KW - Uranium KW - Reverse osmosis KW - Ion exchange KW - Activated alumina KW - Activated carbon KW - Water treatment facilities KW - Heavy metals KW - Taste KW - Beryllium KW - Mercury KW - Selenium KW - Lead KW - Cadmium KW - Chromium KW - Dissolved solids KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19031645?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Controlling+Arsenic%2C+Fluoride%2C+and+Uranium+by+Point-of-Use+Treatment&rft.au=Fox%2C+K+R%3BSorg%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=Fox&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1987-10-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regional Perspectives on the Beneficial Uses of Dredged Material AN - 19030759; 8802565 AB - Florida contains over 2000 miles of shoreline to be protected from human intervention through resource development. Dredged materials should be managed with methods that are consistent with the protection of wildlife habitats and wetlands. Dredged materials could be used for filling in sinkholes in various places of the oceans, the rivers, and the bottomlands where water quality is a problems. Dredged materials may be well suited for beach nourishment where erosion problems exist. Dredged materials may also be used for marsh development and habitat development. It is recommended that the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers be given authority to manage dredged materials through a wetlands protection act. (See also W88-02563) (Geiger-PTT) JF - Beneficial Uses of Dredged Material, Proceedings of the First Interagency Workshop October 7-9, 1986, Pensacola, Florida. Technical Report No. D-81-1, March 1987. Final Report. p 90-96. AU - Ravan, JE AD - Environmental Protection Agency Atlanta, GA. Region IV Y1 - 1987/10// PY - 1987 DA - Oct 1987 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Spoil disposal KW - Waste disposal KW - Sediment disposal KW - Dredging KW - Environmental effects KW - Florida KW - Ecological effects KW - Beneficial use KW - Environmental impact statement KW - Project planning KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife habitats KW - Management planning KW - SW 3050:Ultimate disposal of wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19030759?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Regional+Perspectives+on+the+Beneficial+Uses+of+Dredged+Material&rft.au=Ravan%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Ravan&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=1987-10-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Microbiological Characteristics of Third-Faucet Point-of-Use Devices AN - 19029279; 8805086 AB - Studies of third-faucet point-of-use treatment devices indicated that the bacteriological quality of product water varies among units of the same design as well as among units of different design. The development of bacterial populations is affected by the length of time a filter cartridge is service, water temperature, flow rate, materials of construction, and the quality of the influent water. Although some units contain silver as a bacteriostatic agent, its effectiveness is questionable because the concentrations of heterotrophic bacteria associated with such units are often as high as those from units that do not contain silver. (Author 's abstract) JF - Journal of the American Water Works Association JAWWA5 Vol. 79, No. 10, p 60-66, October 1987. 12 fig, 2 tab, 17 ref. AU - Reasoner, D J AU - Blannon, J C AU - Geldreich, EE AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH. Drinking Water Research Div Y1 - 1987/10// PY - 1987 DA - Oct 1987 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Point-of-use treatment KW - Drinking water KW - Bacterial analysis KW - Water treatment KW - Silver KW - Copper KW - Disinfection KW - Carbon filters KW - Water treatment facilities KW - Heavy metals KW - Bactericides KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19029279?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Microbiological+Characteristics+of+Third-Faucet+Point-of-Use+Devices&rft.au=Reasoner%2C+D+J%3BBlannon%2C+J+C%3BGeldreich%2C+EE&rft.aulast=Reasoner&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1987-10-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of aerial thermal fog applications of fenthion on caged pink shrimp, mysids and sheepshead minnows. AN - 78064096; 3504930 AB - Mosquito control applications of fenthion by aerial thermal fog equipment were studied at 2 sites in Collier County, FL, for sprays that occurred on June 20 and 23, 1984. Acute, lethal effects of fenthion deposited in these estuarine habitats were assessed for caged pink shrimp (Penaeus duorarum), mysids (Mysidopsis bahia) and sheepshead minnows (Cyprinodon variegatus). At Site 1, along a bay with substantial dilution and tidal mixing, fenthion concentrations of 1.5 and 0.29 micrograms/liter were measured in samples taken immediately after both sprays. Concentrations decreased to less than or equal to 0.020 microgram/liter 12 h postspray and no mortality was observed for caged pink shrimp and mysids. Site 2 was along a residential canal system that offered limited dilution and mixing. Maximum concentrations were 2.6 and 0.51 micrograms/liter and measurable concentrations (greater than 0.038 microgram/liter) of fenthion persisted at this site for 4 days. Fenthion concentrations in surface waters were toxic to caged pink shrimp and mysids after both sprays. No mortality occurred among caged sheepshead minnows at either site. JF - Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association AU - Clark, J R AU - Borthwick, P W AU - Goodman, L R AU - Patrick, J M AU - Lores, E M AU - Moore, J C AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Research Laboratory, Sabine Island, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561-3999. Y1 - 1987/09// PY - 1987 DA - September 1987 SP - 466 EP - 472 VL - 3 IS - 3 SN - 8756-971X, 8756-971X KW - Water Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - Fenthion KW - BL0L45OVKT KW - Index Medicus KW - Weather KW - Animals KW - Ecology KW - Decapoda (Crustacea) -- drug effects KW - Water Pollutants -- adverse effects KW - Fenthion -- adverse effects KW - Cyprinidae KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- adverse effects KW - Mosquito Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78064096?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Mosquito+Control+Association&rft.atitle=Effects+of+aerial+thermal+fog+applications+of+fenthion+on+caged+pink+shrimp%2C+mysids+and+sheepshead+minnows.&rft.au=Clark%2C+J+R%3BBorthwick%2C+P+W%3BGoodman%2C+L+R%3BPatrick%2C+J+M%3BLores%2C+E+M%3BMoore%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1987-09-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=466&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Mosquito+Control+Association&rft.issn=8756971X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-01-27 N1 - Date created - 1989-01-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Exposures to benzene and other volatile compounds from active and passive smoking. AN - 78018379; 3452294 AB - Personal exposures and breath concentrations of approximately 20 volatile organics were measured for 200 smokers and 322 nonsmokers in New Jersey and California. Smokers displayed significantly elevated breath levels of benzene, styrene, ethylbenzene, m + p-xylene, o-xylene, and octane. Significant increases in breath concentration with number of cigarettes smoked were noted for the first four aromatic compounds. Based on direct measurements of benzene in mainstream cigarette smoke, it is calculated that a typical smoker inhales 2 mg benzene daily, compared to 0.2 mg/day for the nonsmoker. Thus, cigarette smoking may be the most important source of exposure to benzene for about 50 million citizens of the United States. Passive smokers exposed at work had significantly elevated levels of aromatics in their breath. Indoor air levels in homes with smokers were significantly greater than in nonsmoking homes during fall and winter but not during spring and summer. The average annual increase in homes with smokers was 3.6 microgram/m3 for benzene and 0.5 microgram/m3 for styrene--an approximate 50% relative increase in each case. Thus, exposure to benzene and styrene may be increased for the approximately 60% of children and other nonsmokers living in homes with smokers. JF - Archives of environmental health AU - Wallace, L AU - Pellizzari, E AU - Hartwell, T D AU - Perritt, R AU - Ziegenfus, R AD - United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. PY - 1987 SP - 272 EP - 279 VL - 42 IS - 5 SN - 0003-9896, 0003-9896 KW - Benzene Derivatives KW - 0 KW - Octanes KW - Styrenes KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution KW - Xylenes KW - Styrene KW - 44LJ2U959V KW - octane KW - X1RV0B2FJV KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - California KW - Humans KW - Seasons KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry KW - Breath Tests -- methods KW - Octanes -- analysis KW - Styrenes -- analysis KW - New Jersey KW - Xylenes -- analysis KW - Male KW - Female KW - Smoking -- metabolism KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution -- analysis KW - Benzene Derivatives -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78018379?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+environmental+health&rft.atitle=Exposures+to+benzene+and+other+volatile+compounds+from+active+and+passive+smoking.&rft.au=Wallace%2C+L%3BPellizzari%2C+E%3BHartwell%2C+T+D%3BPerritt%2C+R%3BZiegenfus%2C+R&rft.aulast=Wallace&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1987-09-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=272&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+environmental+health&rft.issn=00039896&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1988-07-28 N1 - Date created - 1988-07-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-14 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Arch Environ Health. 1994 Mar-Apr;49(2):141-3 [8161245] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-19 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mutagenicity of m-AMSA and o-AMSA in mammalian cells due to clastogenic mechanism: possible role of topoisomerase. AN - 77943574; 2830452 AB - We evaluated the ability of the antitumor agent 4-(9-acridinylamino)-methanesulfon-m-anisidide (amsacrine or m-AMSA) and its congener, o-AMSA, to induce specific-locus mutations at the heterozygous thymidine kinase (tk) locus of L5178Y/TK+/- -3.7.2C mouse lymphoma cells. These cells permit the recovery of mutants due to single-gene or chromosomal mutation. m-AMSA was highly mutagenic at the tk locus, producing approximately 3000 mutants/10(6) survivors at 10% survival; positive dose range 1-10 ng/ml; o-AMSA produced approximately 1500 mutants/10(6) survivors at 10% survival; positive dose range 0.1-2.5 micrograms/ml. Most of the TK mutants were small colonies, which suggests that m-AMSA and o-AMSA induce primarily chromosomal mutations as opposed to single-gene mutations. The potent clastogenicity of these agents was confirmed by cytogenetic analysis for chromosomal aberrations, which showed that m-AMSA (9 ng/ml, 10% survival) and o-AMSA (1 microgram/ml, 10% survival) produced 383 and 179 aberrations, respectively, per 100 metaphases (background = 3-4/100). The large-colony TK mutant frequencies produced by m-AMSA (67 - 112/10(6) survivors; background = 7/10(6); survival = 63 - 16%) were comparable to the published HPRT mutant frequencies produced by m-AMSA in V79 cells. Novobiocin (50 micrograms/ml), an inhibitor of mammalian DNA topoisomerase II and other enzymes, inhibited the mutagenic effects of m-AMSA, suggesting that DNA topoisomerase II (or another enzyme) may play a role in the mutagenic/clastogenic activity of m-AMSA. JF - Mutagenesis AU - DeMarini, D M AU - Doerr, C L AU - Meyer, M K AU - Brock, K H AU - Hozier, J AU - Moore, M M AD - Genetic Toxicology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1987/09// PY - 1987 DA - September 1987 SP - 349 EP - 355 VL - 2 IS - 5 SN - 0267-8357, 0267-8357 KW - Mutagens KW - 0 KW - Amsacrine KW - 00DPD30SOY KW - 4'-(9-acridinylamino)methanesulfon-o-anisidide KW - 51264-17-6 KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase KW - EC 2.4.2.8 KW - Thymidine Kinase KW - EC 2.7.1.21 KW - DNA Topoisomerases, Type II KW - EC 5.99.1.3 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase -- genetics KW - Cell Survival -- drug effects KW - Isomerism KW - Mice KW - Leukemia L5178 -- enzymology KW - Amsacrine -- toxicity KW - Amsacrine -- analogs & derivatives KW - DNA Topoisomerases, Type II -- metabolism KW - Chromosome Aberrations KW - Mutation KW - Thymidine Kinase -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77943574?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Mutagenicity+of+m-AMSA+and+o-AMSA+in+mammalian+cells+due+to+clastogenic+mechanism%3A+possible+role+of+topoisomerase.&rft.au=DeMarini%2C+D+M%3BDoerr%2C+C+L%3BMeyer%2C+M+K%3BBrock%2C+K+H%3BHozier%2C+J%3BMoore%2C+M+M&rft.aulast=DeMarini&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1987-09-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=349&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutagenesis&rft.issn=02678357&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1988-04-05 N1 - Date created - 1988-04-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Absence of symptoms with carboxyhemoglobin levels of 16-23%. AN - 77874090; 3696105 AB - It has been generally accepted that carboxyhemoglobin levels between 10-20% produce mild headaches, dizziness and/or nausea. Experimental double blind exposures of 18 healthy, nonsmoking young men at rest to 7,000-24,000 ppm CO, designed to elevate COHb to 15-20% in 3-5 minutes, were followed by exposure to 232 ppm CO designed to maintain COHb level for a total of 130 minutes. Resulting COHb values were 16-23%. These COHb values did not produce significantly more symptoms (as reported in an open-ended questioning) than reported in the control group (n = 23). Subjects were especially queried about headache, dizziness and nausea. The symptoms which were previously reported in clinical studies of CO poisoning may have resulted from CO exposure in combination with (a) exposure to other substances, (b) stress due to the event that precipitated medical attention or (c) higher COHb levels before the first blood sample was taken. JF - Neurotoxicology and teratology AU - Benignus, V A AU - Kafer, E R AU - Muller, K E AU - Case, M W AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Neurotoxicology Division, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. PY - 1987 SP - 345 EP - 348 VL - 9 IS - 5 SN - 0892-0362, 0892-0362 KW - Carboxyhemoglobin KW - 9061-29-4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Dizziness -- blood KW - Headache -- blood KW - Humans KW - Nausea -- blood KW - Adult KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Carboxyhemoglobin -- metabolism KW - Carbon Monoxide Poisoning -- etiology KW - Carbon Monoxide Poisoning -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77874090?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.atitle=Absence+of+symptoms+with+carboxyhemoglobin+levels+of+16-23%25.&rft.au=Benignus%2C+V+A%3BKafer%2C+E+R%3BMuller%2C+K+E%3BCase%2C+M+W&rft.aulast=Benignus&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1987-09-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=345&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.issn=08920362&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1988-02-04 N1 - Date created - 1988-02-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Feasibility of dose adjustment based on differences in long-term clearance rates of inhaled particulate matter in humans and laboratory animals. AN - 77854061; 3317531 AB - Long-term pulmonary clearance rates were evaluated for several laboratory animal species, dogs, and humans to determine if differences among species exist, and if so, the adequacy of the data for dose adjustment. Within each species, large variations in clearance rates were seen, probably as a result of differences in solubility of the aerosol particles, differences in measurement techniques, possible lung damage, transport to lung-associated lymph nodes, and binding of dissolved chemicals to cellular macromolecules in the lung. While few direct comparisons among species using the same aerosol were available, mechanical clearance of particles from the alveolar regions of dogs and humans was generally slower than in most laboratory species, with t1/2 values several-fold longer. Particle clearance rate variations of this magnitude were shown to induce potentially large differences in bioavailability. This can result in large errors in assessing human risk from animal studies unless a dose adjustment is made. It is suggested that despite limitations on available data, a two- to threefold adjustment of dose when extrapolating from small laboratory animals to humans, for quantitative risk assessment, should be considered, unless solubility half-times are very short. JF - Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP AU - Pepelko, W E AD - Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. 20460. Y1 - 1987/09// PY - 1987 DA - September 1987 SP - 236 EP - 252 VL - 7 IS - 3 SN - 0273-2300, 0273-2300 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Species Specificity KW - Air Pollutants -- pharmacokinetics KW - Air Pollutants -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77854061?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Regulatory+toxicology+and+pharmacology+%3A+RTP&rft.atitle=Feasibility+of+dose+adjustment+based+on+differences+in+long-term+clearance+rates+of+inhaled+particulate+matter+in+humans+and+laboratory+animals.&rft.au=Pepelko%2C+W+E&rft.aulast=Pepelko&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1987-09-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=236&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Regulatory+toxicology+and+pharmacology+%3A+RTP&rft.issn=02732300&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1988-01-05 N1 - Date created - 1988-01-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risk assessment and oncodynamics of ethylene oxide as related to occupational exposure. AN - 77849089; 3686539 AB - Two rat inhalation bioassays have been integrated into the risk assessment on the carcinogenicity of ethylene oxide (EO). The carcinogenic findings as well as relevant metabolism and pharmacokinetic data are reviewed. Brain tumors were selected as the endpoint for the assessment of risk because of the indication that adverse effects on the nervous system, related to EO exposure, were consistent across species. Two methods, time-exposure concentration product and area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) are used as a basis for calculating effective dose. Scaling of the dose to man from both rat and dog is explored based on pharmacokinetic studies. Two different mathematical risk extrapolation models, the probit and the multi-stage, are used to estimate the cancer risk for daily exposures to EO of 1.8 microgram/liter over a working lifetime. The use of AUC as a basis for dose from a daily exposure of 1.8 microgram/liter over a working lifetime gives the higher risk rates (90-142/10,000 workers). The implication of the simulated dose using plasma concentrations versus the time-concentration product approach is discussed in relation to threshold effects. JF - Toxicology and industrial health AU - Beliles, R P AU - Parker, J C AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. Y1 - 1987/09// PY - 1987 DA - September 1987 SP - 371 EP - 382 VL - 3 IS - 3 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens KW - Ethylene Oxide KW - JJH7GNN18P KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Risk KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- toxicity KW - Nervous System Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Brain Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Ethylene Oxide -- administration & dosage KW - Ethylene Oxide -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77849089?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.atitle=Risk+assessment+and+oncodynamics+of+ethylene+oxide+as+related+to+occupational+exposure.&rft.au=Beliles%2C+R+P%3BParker%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Beliles&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1987-09-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=371&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1987-12-18 N1 - Date created - 1987-12-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alachlor: health advisory. AN - 77842794; 3686540 JF - Toxicology and industrial health AU - Marcus, W L AD - Criteria and Standards Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. 20460. Y1 - 1987/09// PY - 1987 DA - September 1987 SP - 383 EP - 396 VL - 3 IS - 3 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - Acetamides KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens, Environmental KW - Herbicides KW - Water Pollutants KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - alachlor KW - 24S2S61PXL KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Risk KW - Animals KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Female KW - Water Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Herbicides -- pharmacokinetics KW - Acetamides -- analysis KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- analysis KW - Herbicides -- analysis KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- toxicity KW - Acetamides -- toxicity KW - Herbicides -- toxicity KW - Acetamides -- pharmacokinetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77842794?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.atitle=Alachlor%3A+health+advisory.&rft.au=Marcus%2C+W+L&rft.aulast=Marcus&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1987-09-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=383&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1987-12-18 N1 - Date created - 1987-12-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluating Treatment Plants for Particulate Contaminant Removal AN - 19038418; 8805384 AB - Guidelines are presented for the evaluation of water treatment plants in order to lower the turbidity of finished water produced from filtration plants in which chemical coagulation is part of the treatment process. Ineffective removal of turbidity is related to several factors, including the physical condition of the facilities, the hydraulics of treatment processes, the quality of water, and the competence of the operating staff. Common problems affecting plant hydraulics and flow patterns, chemical feed selection and control, rapid mixing, flocculation, sedimentation and filtration were detailed along with examples of plant improvements for specific cases. Preplanning of evaluations so that all necessary and important aspects of the plant and its operations are considered in a logical fashion is suggested. (Wood-PTT) JF - Journal of the American Water Works Association JAWWA5 Vol. 79, No. 9, p 82-92, September 1987. 2 fig, 48 ref. AU - Logsdon, G S AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH. Microbiological Treatment Branch Y1 - 1987/09// PY - 1987 DA - Sep 1987 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Particulate matter KW - Turbidity KW - Water treatment KW - Filtration KW - Chemical coagulation KW - Evaluation KW - Water treatment facilities KW - Coagulation KW - Particle removal KW - Chemical treatment KW - Operating policies KW - Sedimentation KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19038418?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Evaluating+Treatment+Plants+for+Particulate+Contaminant+Removal&rft.au=Logsdon%2C+G+S&rft.aulast=Logsdon&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1987-09-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fate of adriamycin-induced dilated renal pelvis in the fetal rat: functional and morphological effects in the offspring. AN - 81087540; 3672377 AB - Previously we reported that gestational exposure to Adriamycin, an anthracycline antibiotic used in the treatment of neoplasms, reduced renal function in the neonatal rat, and we suggested that alterations in the development of the renal papilla might be responsible for the dysfunction. In this study we exposed groups of Sprague-Dawley rats to 0, 1.0, 1.25, or 1.5 mg/kg of Adriamycin on gestation days 10-12, a period previously shown to be effective in altering postnatal renal function with this compound. Offspring were evaluated at several developmental periods in order to 1) precisely define the morphological status of the urogenital system in Adriamycin-treated offspring; 2) replicate the finding of a decreased renal concentrating ability in the neonates; 3) determine the transience/permanence of any morphological effect; and 4) correlate any permanent alterations in urogenital morphology with our indicator of neonatal functional competence. Maternal Adriamycin treatment induced alterations in the development of the renal papilla that persisted well into the postnatal life of the offspring. The first appearance of the morphological alteration occurred in the absence of other general indicators of developmental toxicity such as growth retardation. The determination of the ultimate fate and functional consequences of the structural alterations required postnatal evaluations of the renal system. Finally, a relatively simple test of renal function in the neonate proved to be predictive of the permanence of the morphological effect, and the absolute test result showed a strong correlation with the incidence of the morphological effect in the overall population. JF - Teratology AU - Kavlock, R J AU - Rehnberg, B F AU - Rogers, E H AD - Perinatal Toxicology Branch, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1987/08// PY - 1987 DA - August 1987 SP - 51 EP - 58 VL - 36 IS - 1 SN - 0040-3709, 0040-3709 KW - Teratogens KW - 0 KW - Doxorubicin KW - 80168379AG KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats, Inbred Strains KW - Rats KW - Animals, Newborn KW - Animals KW - Kidney Concentrating Ability KW - Male KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Kidney Pelvis -- abnormalities KW - Abnormalities, Drug-Induced -- pathology KW - Kidney Pelvis -- physiopathology KW - Doxorubicin -- toxicity KW - Abnormalities, Drug-Induced -- physiopathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/81087540?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Teratology&rft.atitle=Fate+of+adriamycin-induced+dilated+renal+pelvis+in+the+fetal+rat%3A+functional+and+morphological+effects+in+the+offspring.&rft.au=Kavlock%2C+R+J%3BRehnberg%2C+B+F%3BRogers%2C+E+H&rft.aulast=Kavlock&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1987-08-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=51&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Teratology&rft.issn=00403709&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1987-12-01 N1 - Date created - 1987-12-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A QSAR study of the acute toxicity of some industrial organic chemicals to goldfish. Narcosis, electrophile and proelectrophile mechanisms. AN - 81085398; 3673107 AB - 1. A baseline toxicity QSAR model was derived for the 24-h LC50 to the goldfish, Carassius auratus. 2. The QSAR-predicted LC50 values for six epoxide derivatives were 2.8-985 times greater than measured. The excess toxicity of these epoxides and other compounds was ascribed to an electrophile molecular mechanism involving SN2 reaction with sulphydryl and other neucleophile groups present in enzymes and other biological macromolecules. 3. The excess toxicities of allyl alcohol and pentaerythritol triallyl ether were interpreted in terms of proelectrophile mechanisms. For the latter compound, this involves a monooxygenase-mediated free radical proton abstraction to a stable allyl radical. The allyl-free radical can undergo enzymic free radical hydroxylation to afford the corresponding acetal, which on decomposition yields the Michael acceptor electrophile acrolein. JF - Xenobiotica; the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems AU - Lipnick, R L AU - Watson, K R AU - Strausz, A K AD - US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Toxic Substances, Washington, DC 20460. Y1 - 1987/08// PY - 1987 DA - August 1987 SP - 1011 EP - 1025 VL - 17 IS - 8 SN - 0049-8254, 0049-8254 KW - Epoxy Compounds KW - 0 KW - Ethers, Cyclic KW - Free Radicals KW - Mixed Function Oxygenases KW - EC 1.- KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Mixed Function Oxygenases -- metabolism KW - Chemistry, Physical KW - Chemical Phenomena KW - Lethal Dose 50 KW - Structure-Activity Relationship KW - Ethers, Cyclic -- toxicity KW - Goldfish -- physiology KW - Cyprinidae -- physiology KW - Epoxy Compounds -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/81085398?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Xenobiotica%3B+the+fate+of+foreign+compounds+in+biological+systems&rft.atitle=A+QSAR+study+of+the+acute+toxicity+of+some+industrial+organic+chemicals+to+goldfish.+Narcosis%2C+electrophile+and+proelectrophile+mechanisms.&rft.au=Lipnick%2C+R+L%3BWatson%2C+K+R%3BStrausz%2C+A+K&rft.aulast=Lipnick&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1987-08-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1011&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Xenobiotica%3B+the+fate+of+foreign+compounds+in+biological+systems&rft.issn=00498254&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1987-12-16 N1 - Date created - 1987-12-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Physical and biological parameters that determine the fate of p-chlorophenol in laboratory test systems. AN - 81055900; 3116934 AB - Shake-flask and microcosm studies were conducted to determine the fate of para-chlorophenol (p-CP) in water and sediment systems and the role of sediment and nonsediment surfaces in the biodegradation process. Biodegradation of p-CP in estuarine water samples in shake flasks was slow over incubation periods of 300 h. The addition of detrital sediment resulted in immediate and rapid degradation evidenced by the production of 14CO2 from [14C]p-CP. The addition of sterile sediment, glass beads, or sand resulted in approximately four to six times more CO2 evolution than observed in the water alone. Densities of p-CP-degrading bacteria associated with the detrital sediment were 100 times greater than those enumerated in water. Bacteria in the water and associated with the sediment after preexposure of both water and sediment of p-CP demonstrated enhanced biodegradation. In some microcosms, p-CP was degraded completely in the top 1.0 cm of intact sediment beds. Sediment reworking activities by benthic invertebrates from one site were sufficient to mix p-CP deep into the sediment bed faster than biodegradation or molecular diffusion. p-CP was persistent at lower depths of the sediment, possibly a result of reduced oxygen conditions preventing aerobic biodegradation. JF - Applied and environmental microbiology AU - Pritchard, P H AU - O'Neill, E J AU - Spain, C M AU - Ahearn, D G AD - Environmental Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, Georgia. Y1 - 1987/08// PY - 1987 DA - August 1987 SP - 1833 EP - 1838 VL - 53 IS - 8 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Chlorophenols KW - 0 KW - Carbon Dioxide KW - 142M471B3J KW - 4-chlorophenol KW - 3DLC36A01X KW - Index Medicus KW - Oxidation-Reduction KW - Biodegradation, Environmental KW - Carbon Dioxide -- metabolism KW - Bacteria -- metabolism KW - Chlorophenols -- metabolism KW - Water Microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/81055900?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=Physical+and+biological+parameters+that+determine+the+fate+of+p-chlorophenol+in+laboratory+test+systems.&rft.au=Pritchard%2C+P+H%3BO%27Neill%2C+E+J%3BSpain%2C+C+M%3BAhearn%2C+D+G&rft.aulast=Pritchard&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1987-08-01&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1833&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1987-10-28 N1 - Date created - 1987-10-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Appl Environ Microbiol. 1979 Oct;38(4):644-9 [120133] Thorax. 1985 Jun;40(6):453-8 [4024006] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1985 Mar;49(3):582-7 [3994366] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental tobacco smoke and indoor air quality in modern office work environments. AN - 81033450; 3309209 JF - Journal of occupational medicine. : official publication of the Industrial Medical Association AU - Repace, J L AU - Lowrey, A H AD - US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460. Y1 - 1987/08// PY - 1987 DA - August 1987 SP - 628 EP - 9, 632-4 VL - 29 IS - 8 SN - 0096-1736, 0096-1736 KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution KW - 0 KW - Nicotine KW - 6M3C89ZY6R KW - Index Medicus KW - Ventilation KW - Nicotine -- analysis KW - Research Design KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/81033450?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+occupational+medicine.+%3A+official+publication+of+the+Industrial+Medical+Association&rft.atitle=Environmental+tobacco+smoke+and+indoor+air+quality+in+modern+office+work+environments.&rft.au=Repace%2C+J+L%3BLowrey%2C+A+H&rft.aulast=Repace&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1987-08-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=628&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+occupational+medicine.+%3A+official+publication+of+the+Industrial+Medical+Association&rft.issn=00961736&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1987-11-10 N1 - Date created - 1987-11-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Control of Pollutants in Waste Water AN - 19038448; 8804002 AB - Under amendments to the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and Clean Water Act, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is required to restore and maintain the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of the nation 's waters. A primary task associated with this effort is to eliminate or control the discharge of industrial pollutants into the nation 's waterways. An overview is given here of the process that EPA uses to regulate these discharges. The initial implementation of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (FWPCA) focused on controlling ' conventional ' pollutants, such as biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and total suspended solids (TSS). The current implementation strategy for the FWPCA and the Clean Water Act (CWA) is based on control of not only the conventional pollutants, but also on control of toxic organic pollutants, toxic metal pollutants, nonconventional pollutants, or any other pollutants determined to be in the discharge in significant quantities. In controlling these pollutants, EPA gathers technical data, including the results of analyses of wastewater samples. For the organic pollutants, nearly all of these data are the result of chromatographic analyses using a variety of detectors. (Author 's abstract) JF - Journal of Chromatographic Science JCHSBZ Vol. 25, No. 8, p 322-327, August 1987. 1 fig, 1 tab, 3 ref. AU - Telliard, WA AU - Rubin, M B AU - Rushneck AD - Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC. Industrial Technology Div Y1 - 1987/08// PY - 1987 DA - Aug 1987 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Environmental Protection Agency KW - Water pollution control KW - Wastewater quality KW - Regulations KW - Water quality control KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act KW - Biological oxygen demand KW - Suspended solids KW - Chemical analysis KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - SW 4050:Water law and institutions UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19038448?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Control+of+Pollutants+in+Waste+Water&rft.au=Telliard%2C+WA%3BRubin%2C+M+B%3BRushneck&rft.aulast=Telliard&rft.aufirst=WA&rft.date=1987-08-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chromatographic Monitoring Methods for Organic Contaminants Under the Safe Drinking Water Act AN - 19037853; 8804004 AB - Five volatile organic chemical (VOC) and six synthetic organic chemical (SOC) analytical methods for the determination of certain organic contaminants are discussed. These methods are additions and improvements to methods previously developed by the U.S. EPA for the measurement of trihalomethane, VOC, pesticides, and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) contaminants in drinking water. The major changes are the use of smaller sample volumes in some analyses and the increased use of capillary gas chromatographic columns. (Author 's abstract) JF - Journal of Chromatographic Science JCHSBZ Vol. 25, No. 8, p 338-344, August 1987. 2 fig, 4 tab, 26 ref. AU - Reding, R AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH. Office of Drinking Water Y1 - 1987/08// PY - 1987 DA - Aug 1987 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Monitoring KW - Pollutant identification KW - Water quality control KW - Gas chromatography KW - Safe Drinking Water Act KW - Organic compounds KW - Volatile organics KW - Chemical analysis KW - Pesticides KW - Polychlorinated biphenyls KW - Trihalomethane KW - SW 3010:Identification of pollutants KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19037853?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Chromatographic+Monitoring+Methods+for+Organic+Contaminants+Under+the+Safe+Drinking+Water+Act&rft.au=Reding%2C+R&rft.aulast=Reding&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1987-08-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - TEAM Study: Personal Exposures to Toxic Substances in Air, Drinking Water, and Breath of 400 Residents of New Jersey, North Carolina, and North Dakota AN - 19031658; 8801881 AB - EPA 's TEAM (Total Exposure Assessment Methodology) Study has measured exposures to 20 volatile organic compounds in personal air, outdoor air, drinking water, and breath of approximately 400 residents of New Jersey, North Carolina, and North Dakota. All residents were selected by a probability sampling scheme to represent 128,000 inhabitants of Elizabeth and Bayonne, New Jersey, 131,000 residents of Greensboro, North Carolina, and 7 ,000 residents of Devils Lake, North Dakota. Several hypotheses regarding indoor sources of volatiles have been generated, and some have been further investigated and partially confirmed. One such hypothesis is the use of hot water as the main source of airborne chloroform in homes. This hypothesis is based on the observation that the median indoor level of chloroform was four times the median outdoor level in New Jersey in the fall of 1981. Assuming a typical air exchange rate of 0.5 ach and a typical home volume of 300 cu m, a total of 150 micrograms of chloroform would have to be liberated each hour to achieve a steady-state concentration of 1 microgram/cu m above background (outdoor) levels. Assuming a concentration of 50 micrograms chloroform/L of water, at least 3 L/hr or approximately 70 L/day would be required to liberate all contained chloroform to achieve this indoor concentration. Common large-scale uses of hot water in most homes include baths or showers and washing clothes and dishes. Since this speculation was first made, a study has reported such liberation of volatile organics during showers. (Lantz-PTT) JF - Environmental Research ENVRAL Vol. 43, No. 2, p 290-307, August 1987. 2 fig, 7 tab, 23 ref. AU - Wallace, LA AU - Pellizzari, ED AU - Hartwell, T D AU - Sparacino, C AU - Whitmore, R AD - Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC Y1 - 1987/08// PY - 1987 DA - Aug 1987 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Water pollution effects KW - Drinking water KW - New Jersey KW - North Carolina KW - North Dakota KW - Public health KW - Chloroform KW - Organic compounds KW - Toxicity KW - Monitoring KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19031658?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=TEAM+Study%3A+Personal+Exposures+to+Toxic+Substances+in+Air%2C+Drinking+Water%2C+and+Breath+of+400+Residents+of+New+Jersey%2C+North+Carolina%2C+and+North+Dakota&rft.au=Wallace%2C+LA%3BPellizzari%2C+ED%3BHartwell%2C+T+D%3BSparacino%2C+C%3BWhitmore%2C+R&rft.aulast=Wallace&rft.aufirst=LA&rft.date=1987-08-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Results from Great Lakes POTW Optimization Project AN - 19027427; 8803794 AB - In 1982, a United States Environmental Protection Agency contract to improve operation and maintenance at several major municipal wastewater treatment plants in the Great Lakes Region was completed by the consulting engineering firm McNamee, Porter , and Seeley of Ann Arbor, Michigan. The study was conducted in two parts: (1) Phase I, consisting of comprehensive evaluations at 30 major municipal plants experiencing problems, during which reports were written and recommendations were made for operational improvements; and (2) Phase II, consisting of composite correction programs at ten of the plants to actually implement the recommendations made in Phase I. The overall results of the project are summarized and the results of the composite correction programs instituted in Trenton, Michigan, Genesee County WWTP 2, Michigan, and Wapakoneta, Ohio, are highlighted. These examples of technical assistance clearly illustrate that significant improvement in operational efficiency can be made without major investments in capital construction. Significant results are achieved in terms of cost savings and phosphorus, BOD5, suspended solids, and ammonia nitrogen reductions. (Author 's abstract) JF - Journal of Environmental Engineering JOEDDU (ASCE) Vol. 113, No. 4, p 736-751, August 1987. 8 fig, 9 tab. EPA Contract 68-01-6495. AU - Stoltenberg, D H AU - Horvatin, P J AD - Environmental Protection Agency Chicago, IL. Environmental Services Div Y1 - 1987/08// PY - 1987 DA - Aug 1987 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Wastewater treatment KW - Wastewater treatment facilities KW - Optimization KW - Great Lakes region KW - Operations KW - Evaluation KW - Costs KW - Construction KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19027427?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Results+from+Great+Lakes+POTW+Optimization+Project&rft.au=Stoltenberg%2C+D+H%3BHorvatin%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Stoltenberg&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1987-08-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Testing for Groundwater Contamination at Hazardous Waste Sites AN - 19026954; 8804003 AB - The U.S. EPA issued a new list of chemical substances for use in connection with monitoring groundwater contamination at hazardous waste sites. This list is Appendix IX to Part 264 of Title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations and was developed to implement the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. The role of Appendix IX under the Regulation is described and the history of its preparation is discussed. The general nature of the analytical procedures is described. Some data for distribution of substances found in the groundwater at 38 sites with > 5,000 wells showed that widely found. These substances are tabulated. (Lantz-PTT) JF - Journal of Chromatographic Science JCHSBZ Vol. 25, No. 8, p 328-337, August 1987. 1 fig, 5 tab, 5 ref. AU - Garman, J R AU - Freund, T AU - Lawless, E W AD - Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste Y1 - 1987/08// PY - 1987 DA - Aug 1987 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Environmental Protection Agency KW - Groundwater quality KW - Water pollution control KW - Regulations KW - Disposal sites KW - Hazardous wastes KW - Resource Conservation and Recovery Act KW - Chemical analysis KW - SW 3010:Identification of pollutants KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - SW 4050:Water law and institutions UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19026954?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Testing+for+Groundwater+Contamination+at+Hazardous+Waste+Sites&rft.au=Garman%2C+J+R%3BFreund%2C+T%3BLawless%2C+E+W&rft.aulast=Garman&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1987-08-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acid Precipitation Patterns and Trends in Eastern North America, 1980-84 AN - 19025271; 8806240 AB - Using data compiled from seven nationwide precipitation chemistry networks in the United States and Canada, the spatial distribution of hydrogen, sulfate and nitrate ions in North America is discussed. Geographic patterns of concentration and deposition are characterized using isopleth maps which are presented and interpreted for the years 1980-84. The maps were developed using a geostatistical technique known as kriging. This method allows for the estimation of confidence limits on interpolated values. Using these limits, the significance of an observed decrease in the spatial patterns of deposition and concentration is assessed. Decreases of as large as 15-20% were observed in sulfate and nitrate concentrations between 1980 and 1983. (Author 's abstract) JF - Journal of Climate and Applied Meteorology JCAMEJ Vol. 26, No. 8, p 980-984, August 1987. 10 fig, 3 tab, 13 ref. AU - Seilkop, S K AU - Finkelstein, P L AD - Environmental Protection Agency Research Triangle Park, NC Y1 - 1987/08// PY - 1987 DA - Aug 1987 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Acid rain KW - Rainfall KW - Water pollution sources KW - Path of pollutants KW - Sulfate KW - Nitrate KW - Hydrogen ion KW - Isopleth maps KW - Canada KW - United States KW - Kriging KW - Statistical analysis KW - Spatial distribution KW - SW 0880:Chemical processes KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19025271?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Acid+Precipitation+Patterns+and+Trends+in+Eastern+North+America%2C+1980-84&rft.au=Seilkop%2C+S+K%3BFinkelstein%2C+P+L&rft.aulast=Seilkop&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1987-08-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Removing Arsenic from Drinking Water AN - 19024324; 8805340 AB - Pilot-plant tests of two treatment methods, activated alumina and ion exchange, for removing arsenic from drinking water were evaluated at the Fallon, Nevada, Naval Air Station (NAS). The arsenic concentration was 0.080-0.116 mg/liter, exceeding the 0.05 mg/liter maximum contaminant level. Although the valence of arsenic was not determined, the prechlorination process and test results suggest it was probably arsenic V. Chlorinated drinking water from the NAS was used for evaluating the efficacy of treatment under several different conditions. The activated alumina and ion exchange systems were operated through three different loading and regeneration cycles each. The major water quality factors affecting the removal of arsenic by these methods were pH of feedwater, arsenic concentration, sulfate concentration, and alkalinity. The major operational factors affecting removal were flow rate, down time, and media clogging. Capital and operating costs for arsenic removal are estimated for the activated alumina method at optimum pH (5.5) for each of the three small community systems drawing water from the same aquifer. In addition, several containers of the regeneration waste were used for a special study to characterize, dewater, and render the waste nontoxic for disposal in a sanitary landfill. (Author 's abstract) JF - Journal of the American Water Works Association JAWWA5 Vol. 79, No. 8, p 61-65, August 1987. 3 fig, 4 tab, 6 ref. AU - Hathaway, S W AU - Rubel, R AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH. Drinking Water Research Div Y1 - 1987/08// PY - 1987 DA - Aug 1987 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Water treatment KW - Arsenic KW - Waste disposal KW - Fallon KW - Nevada KW - Operating costs KW - Capital costs KW - Land disposal KW - Alumina KW - Ion exchange KW - Drinking water KW - Metals KW - Heavy metals KW - Chlorination KW - SW 3050:Ultimate disposal of wastes KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19024324?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Removing+Arsenic+from+Drinking+Water&rft.au=Hathaway%2C+S+W%3BRubel%2C+R&rft.aulast=Hathaway&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1987-08-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Thermospray LC/MS/MS analysis of wastewater for disperse azo dyes. AN - 81059546; 2959343 AB - Primary effluent from a municipal wastewater treatment plant was used as the feed in bench scale activated sludge systems. These systems were spiked with disperse azo dyes at 1 mg 1-1 and 5 mg 1-1 levels and were sampled at various points in the process. Samples were analysed by high performance liquid chromatography with UV = visible detection and by thermospray ionization MS and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) using direct injection or via column chromatography. The tandem mass spectrometry techniques were used both for method development purposes and for the specificity and extra information these techniques can provide. The investigation of the fate of disperse azo dyes in the activated sludge process was a major feature of this study. Major degradation products have been identified by tandem mass spectrometry analyses of these wastewaters. Precision and accuracy data generated by the thermospray tandem mass spectrometry technique are compared to those derived from the high performance liquid chromatography/UV-visible method. JF - Biomedical & environmental mass spectrometry AU - Betowski, L D AU - Pyle, S M AU - Ballard, J M AU - Shaul, G M AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory, Las Vegas, Nevada 89114. Y1 - 1987/07// PY - 1987 DA - July 1987 SP - 343 EP - 354 VL - 14 IS - 7 SN - 0887-6134, 0887-6134 KW - Azo Compounds KW - 0 KW - Coloring Agents KW - Sewage KW - Index Medicus KW - Mass Spectrometry KW - Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet KW - Chromatography, Liquid KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Ohio KW - Sewage -- analysis KW - Azo Compounds -- analysis KW - Coloring Agents -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/81059546?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biomedical+%26+environmental+mass+spectrometry&rft.atitle=Thermospray+LC%2FMS%2FMS+analysis+of+wastewater+for+disperse+azo+dyes.&rft.au=Betowski%2C+L+D%3BPyle%2C+S+M%3BBallard%2C+J+M%3BShaul%2C+G+M&rft.aulast=Betowski&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1987-07-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=343&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biomedical+%26+environmental+mass+spectrometry&rft.issn=08876134&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1987-12-03 N1 - Date created - 1987-12-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of d-amphetamine on behavioral and autonomic thermoregulation in mice. AN - 81047213; 3659066 AB - d-Amphetamine has well-known behavioral and sympathomimetic effects in rodents, but its effects on thermoregulation are not well characterized. d-Amphetamine was administered IP to mice at doses of 0.1 to 10.0 mg/kg. Locomotor activity and preferred ambient temperature (Ta) were measured for 60 min after injection in a linear temperature gradient, and metabolic rate (MR) and evaporative water loss (EWL) were measured in a metabolic chamber at ambient temperatures of either 20 degrees C or 30 degrees C. Colonic temperatures (Tc) were obtained 60 min after injection in all cases. Doses of d-amphetamine at 0.3 mg/kg and above reduced preferred Ta from the control value of 30 degrees C to about 25 degrees C. Locomotor activity was reduced briefly by 0.3 mg/kg, and increased after 3.0 mg/kg d-amphetamine. Metabolic rate was suppressed by 0.3 mg/kg of the drug at both 20 and 30 degrees C. At 20 degrees C Ta, 10.0 mg/kg d-amphetamine increased MR but not EWL. At 30 degrees C, MR and EWL were both increased by doses of 3.0 and 10.0 mg/kg. Body temperatures varied both as a function of d-amphetamine dose and of apparatus, with pronounced hyperthermia (Tc greater than 38.5 degrees C) evident only after 10 mg/kg in the metabolic chamber. Thus, the behavioral and autonomic heat loss responses induced in mice by d-amphetamine suggest that its thermogenic action is detected by the animal at doses below those producing measurable thermogenesis and that appropriate effectors, from selection of a cool Ta to increasing EWL, are engaged in an orderly progression to maintain normothermia under all but the most challenging conditions. JF - Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior AU - Bushnell, P J AU - Gordon, C J AD - Neurotoxicology Division, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1987/07// PY - 1987 DA - July 1987 SP - 431 EP - 435 VL - 27 IS - 3 SN - 0091-3057, 0091-3057 KW - Dextroamphetamine KW - TZ47U051FI KW - Index Medicus KW - Body Water -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Basal Metabolism -- drug effects KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Mice KW - Mice, Inbred BALB C KW - Time Factors KW - Male KW - Body Temperature Regulation -- drug effects KW - Autonomic Nervous System -- drug effects KW - Motor Activity -- drug effects KW - Dextroamphetamine -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/81047213?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pharmacology%2C+biochemistry%2C+and+behavior&rft.atitle=Effects+of+d-amphetamine+on+behavioral+and+autonomic+thermoregulation+in+mice.&rft.au=Bushnell%2C+P+J%3BGordon%2C+C+J&rft.aulast=Bushnell&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1987-07-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=431&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pharmacology%2C+biochemistry%2C+and+behavior&rft.issn=00913057&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1987-10-27 N1 - Date created - 1987-10-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Traditional Navajo Medicine Man: Therapist, Counselor, and Community Leader AN - 60954890; 88T7926 AB - Previously published studies of the effectiveness of the psychotherapy provided by traditional Navajo medicine men have focused mainly on formal ceremonial healing & have relied on unidimensional theoretical frameworks. A broader approach is undertaken here, combining a psychodynamic account of ego defense reconstruction with a sociocultural analysis of the role of medicine man, based on ethnographic & clinical experience among the Navajo over an eleven-year period. It is concluded that both the role of medicine man & the nature of the therapy provided are more complex than has been reported previously, due to the need to combine roles of community leader & healer. Both counseling & psychotherapy are included in treatment; ceremonies include elements of confession, transference, therapeutic alliance, suggestion, & intensive symbolic psychotherapy. Psychoanalysis is judged to have limits as a means of understanding psychotherapy in non-Western cultures because it fails to account for the sociocultural context of treatment, within which both the role of psychoanalyst & the insightful & flexible personalities that psychoanalysis seeks to produce would be inappropriate. Traditional Navajo psychotherapy, in contrast, is appropriate & effective in this context. A need is seen for culturally specific rather than absolute standards of practice in this sphere. Modified HA JF - The Journal of Psychoanalytic Anthropology AU - Topper, Martin D AD - Office Federal Activities Environmental Protection Agency, Mail Code A-104 401 M St SW Washington DC 20460 Y1 - 1987/07// PY - 1987 DA - July 1987 SP - 217 EP - 249 VL - 10 IS - 3 KW - Navajo medicine man, psychotherapeutic effectiveness KW - ethnographic/clinical experience KW - Psychotherapy KW - Community Involvement KW - Traditional Medicine KW - American Indians KW - article KW - 1020: social differentiation; sociology of occupations & professions UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/60954890?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Psychoanalytic+Anthropology&rft.atitle=The+Traditional+Navajo+Medicine+Man%3A+Therapist%2C+Counselor%2C+and+Community+Leader&rft.au=Topper%2C+Martin+D&rft.aulast=Topper&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft.date=1987-07-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=217&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+Psychoanalytic+Anthropology&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - JPANDA N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - American Indians; Traditional Medicine; Psychotherapy; Community Involvement ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of Media for Recovery of Total Coliform Bacteria from Chemically Treated Water AN - 19188210; 8802710 AB - Five broth media and two solid media were compared for their ability to quantitatively recover total coliform bacteria from chemically treated water. M-Endo LES and mT7 media were used in the membrane filter technique. Lauryl tryptose broth, lactose broth, presence-absence broth, lactose broth with twice the amount of lactose, and lauryl tryptose broth with twice the amount of sodium lauryl sulfate were used in the fermentation tube procedure. The differences in recovery were not significant for the five broth media and M-Endo LES agar. The M-Endo LES and mT7 media were not significantly different; however, the five broth media did yield significantly higher counts than mT7. (Author 's abstract) JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AEMIDF Vol. 53, No. 7, p 1571-1573, July 1987. 2 tab, 9 ref. AU - Rice, E W AU - Fox, K R AU - Nash, H D AU - Read, E J AU - Smith, A P AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH. Drinking Water Research Div Y1 - 1987/07// PY - 1987 DA - Jul 1987 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Culturing media KW - Analytical methods KW - Comparison studies KW - Bacteria KW - Coliforms KW - Treated water KW - Recovery KW - Isolation KW - Cultures KW - SW 3010:Identification of pollutants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19188210?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+Media+for+Recovery+of+Total+Coliform+Bacteria+from+Chemically+Treated+Water&rft.au=Rice%2C+E+W%3BFox%2C+K+R%3BNash%2C+H+D%3BRead%2C+E+J%3BSmith%2C+A+P&rft.aulast=Rice&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1987-07-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hazardous Waste Research Pertaining to Metal Finishing AN - 19062491; 8902393 AB - The U.S. EPA has conducted research to evaluate or develop metal waste control techniques for a number of years. A brief description is presented of the more important projects that have been conducted since 1978. During the past year, work has centered on the performance assessment of commercial facilities treating these wastes and evaluation and development of a waste reduction audit procedure. Preference for the management of any waste stream is represented by the following hierarchy: waste elimination, recycle, reuse, burn as fuel, incineration, chemical/biological detoxification, volume reduction, and solidify and dispose. There are three parts to current research efforts: (1) field performance evaluations, (2) pilot tests at the Test and Evaluation Facility in Cincinnati, and (3) examination of ways to reduce wastes. Efforts are designed to determine acceptable ways to handle or treat wastes so that they may be land disposed. (See also W89-02392) (Lantz-PTT) JF - 8th AESF/EPA Conference on Pollution Control for the Metal Finishing Industry. EPA Report No. EPA/600/9-87/012 July 1987. p 1-12, 2 tab, 15 ref. AU - Dial, C J AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH Y1 - 1987/07// PY - 1987 DA - Jul 1987 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Hazardous wastes KW - Metal-finishing wastes KW - Water pollution control KW - Waste disposal KW - Water pollution prevention KW - Waste management KW - Recycling KW - Incineration KW - Solidification KW - Chemical treatment KW - SW 3050:Ultimate disposal of wastes KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19062491?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Hazardous+Waste+Research+Pertaining+to+Metal+Finishing&rft.au=Dial%2C+C+J&rft.aulast=Dial&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1987-07-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Treatment of Aqueous Metal Bearing Hazardous Wastes AN - 19062355; 8902396 AB - Research being conducted at U.S. EPA 's Test and Evaluation Facility involves treatment of metal finishing hazardous wastewaters. A variety of unit treatment processes have been fabricated to offer BDAT (Best Demonstrated Available Technology) in treating hazardous, aqueous metal waste streams. These unit processes include lime precipitation, flocculation, clarification, sulfide precipitation, mixed media filtration, ion exchange, and granular activated carbon adsorption. The results of the first three test runs are presented. Sulfide precipitation exhibited greater metals removal potential over lime precipitation. Complexed nickel proved to be more difficult to treat even after advanced treatment techniques of ion-exchange and activated carbon adsorption. (See also W89-02392) (Lantz-PTT) JF - 8th AESF/EPA Conference on Pollution Control for the Metal Finishing Industry. EPA Report No. EPA/600/9-87/012 July 1987. p 54-67, 3 fig, 8 tab, 5 ref. AU - Grosse, D W AU - Hassan, S Q AU - Park, JE AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab Y1 - 1987/07// PY - 1987 DA - Jul 1987 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Hazardous wastes KW - Wastewater treatment KW - Metal-finishing wastes KW - Industrial wastewater KW - Heavy metals KW - Chemical precipitation KW - Nickel KW - Activated carbon KW - Adsorption KW - Performance evaluation KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19062355?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Treatment+of+Aqueous+Metal+Bearing+Hazardous+Wastes&rft.au=Grosse%2C+D+W%3BHassan%2C+S+Q%3BPark%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Grosse&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1987-07-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Laboratory and Instream Nitrification Rates for Selected Streams AN - 19001459; 8709378 AB - Nitrification rate coefficients are predicted from biochemical oxygen demand tests for two rivers that are moderately deep but have some shoals and riffles. The two streams studied are notable for the lack of a thick benthic community and for the low flow velocities. Measured nitrification coefficients are compared to independently derived coefficients from calibrated first-order, nitrification models of the Chattahoochee River in Georgia and the West Fork Trinity River in Texas. For the Chattahoochee River, the model calibration coefficient at 20 C is 0.25/day compared to a laboratory measurement of 0.26/day. The model calibration coefficient is 0.52/day for the West Fork Trinity River compared to the laboratory measurement of 0.50/day. For both river studies, sufficient evidence is available to indicate that the nitrification models adequately separate nitrification from other processes that transform nitrogen. (Author 's abstract) JF - Journal of Environmental Engineering (ASCE) JOEDDU Vol. 113, No. 3, p 628-646, June 1987. 6 fig, 3 tab, 29 ref. AU - McCatcheon, S AD - Environmental Protection Agency Athens, GA Y1 - 1987/06// PY - 1987 DA - Jun 1987 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Model studies KW - Nitrification KW - Biochemical oxygen demand KW - Rivers KW - Flow KW - Velocity KW - Nitrogen KW - Performance evaluation KW - Calibrations KW - SW 0850:Lakes KW - SW 0835:Streamflow and runoff KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19001459?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Laboratory+and+Instream+Nitrification+Rates+for+Selected+Streams&rft.au=McCatcheon%2C+S&rft.aulast=McCatcheon&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1987-06-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cooperative Testing of Municipal Sewage Sludges by the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure and Compositional Analysis AN - 19093903; 9011095 AB - The Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) is a proposed method that has been developed by the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response (OSWER) for determining whether or not solid wastes, including municipal sewage sludges are hazardous based upon toxicity. The Office of Water, in cooperation with OSWER, has been testing sewage sludges. The tests have been run to determine the applicability and impact of the TCLP and the toxicity characteristic toxic constituent regulatory levels for characterizing sludges as hazardous. Samples of sludge were collected from twelve publicly-owned treatment works. The collected samples were analyzed for a total of 42 volatile, 67 semivolatile, 10 metal and 29 pesticides and herbicide constituents. The levels of the volatile constituents were generally quite low, but are the class of compounds that are most likely to fail the Toxicity Characteristic. Values reported for volatile TCLP analytes by EPA differed from those of the Association of Metropolitan Sewerage Agencies (AMSA) by as much as six-fold. The results of the semivolatile TCLP and compositional analyses were similar to those of the volatile analyses with respect to uniformity among laboratories. Metal TCLP analytes are considerably lower in concentration than the Toxicity Characteristic metal toxicity regulatory levels. The results of the TCLP and compositional pesticide and herbicide analyses were in the 0.1 to 10 mg/kg range on a dry weight basis. Sludge pesticide, herbicide, semivolatile and metals analyte concentrations will generally not exceed the Toxicity Characteristic regulatory levels. (See also W90-11091) (Brunone-PTT) JF - Municipal Sewage Treatment Plant Sludge Management. Proceedings of the National Conference held May 27-29 1989, Boston, Massachusetts. Sludge Management Series No. 17. Hazardous Materials Control Research Inst., Silver Spring, Maryland. 1987. p 14-20. 11 tab, 4 ref. AU - Walker, J AD - Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC. Office of Municipal Pollution Control Y1 - 1987/05// PY - 1987 DA - May 1987 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Hazardous wastes KW - Municipal wastes KW - Regulations KW - Sludge analysis KW - Sludge management KW - Testing procedures KW - Toxicity KW - Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Proceed KW - Wastewater treatment KW - Association of Metropolitan Sewerage Age KW - Environmental Protection Agency KW - Heavy metals KW - Herbicides KW - Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response KW - Organic compounds KW - Pesticides KW - Volatile organic compounds KW - Water quality standards KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19093903?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Cooperative+Testing+of+Municipal+Sewage+Sludges+by+the+Toxicity+Characteristic+Leaching+Procedure+and+Compositional+Analysis&rft.au=Walker%2C+J&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1987-05-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Economic Analysis of Sludge Disposal Alternatives AN - 19092409; 9011093 AB - The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) plans to propose technical regulations for sewage sludge management in August 1987. The proposed rules will include pollutant-specific limitations and management practices for various sludge disposal methods. The regulations are being proposed in response to Section 405(d) of the Clean Water Act. One aspect of the Agency 's efforts to comply with this mandate is the preparation of a Regulatory Impact Analysis (RIA) of the proposed rules. The sludge disposal or reuse methods being studied in the RIA include incineration, landfilling, land application, and ocean disposal. The general approach to estimating costs includes the expenditures from additional technology or a change in management practices, or both. The initial step in the estimation of economic impact is a definition of each disposal method in light of the expected regulatory action. Another preliminary step is to establish the amount of sludge generated by publicly owned treatment works and the distribution of this volume among the disposal methods. Various options for regulatory action are then considered, and the incremental costs and impacts are estimated. (See also W90-11091) (Brunone-PTT) JF - Municipal Sewage Treatment Plant Sludge Management. Proceedings of the National Conference held May 27-29 1989, Boston, Massachusetts. Sludge Management Series No. 17. Hazardous Materials Control Research Inst., Silver Spring, Maryland. 1987. p 7-10. 1 tab. AU - Maness, D J AD - Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC. Office of the Assistant Administrator for Water Y1 - 1987/05// PY - 1987 DA - May 1987 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Alternative planning KW - Clean Water Act KW - Economic aspects KW - Regulations KW - Sludge disposal KW - Sludge management KW - Wastewater treatment KW - Economic evaluation KW - Environmental Protection Agency KW - Incineration KW - Land disposal KW - Landfills KW - Ocean dumping KW - Regulatory Impact Analysis KW - SW 3050:Ultimate disposal of wastes KW - SW 4030:Cost allocation, cost sharing, pricing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19092409?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Economic+Analysis+of+Sludge+Disposal+Alternatives&rft.au=Maness%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Maness&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1987-05-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multi-Media Microbiological Risk Assessment Methodology for Municipal Wastewater Sludges AN - 19088829; 9011097 AB - A significant proportion of the bacteria, viruses, protozoa and eggs of parasitic worms in wastewater become concentrated in sludge during wastewater treatment. In order to reduce the risk of municipal sludge to acceptable levels, the Environmental Protection Agency has undertaken a regulatory program based on risk assessment and risk management. A total of eight sludge utilization pathways (including the use of dewatered sludge for commercial applications, for residential purposes, and for commercial applications) are included in a model for future development of pathogen criteria for land application and distribution and marketing of municipal sludges. The exposure to sludge pathogens was determined in five types of human exposures , including an onsite person, food consumers, a groundwater drinker, an offsite pond swimmer and an offsite pond drinker. Each exposure level was accumulated over a twenty-four hour period. The computer model aided sludge management decisions by comparing the relative risks of alternatives as sludge is applied to cropland and grazed pasture as a fertilizer, and used as a soil conditioner. After extensive development and evaluation, this computer model will be useful for exploring relative health risks associated with a variety of user-defined sludge treatment and application scenarios, and could eventually provide a basis for reevaluation of the existing regulatory approaches. (See also W90-11091) (Brunone-PTT) JF - Municipal Sewage Treatment Plant Sludge Management. Proceedings of the National Conference held May 27-29 1989, Boston, Massachusetts. Sludge Management Series No. 17. Hazardous Materials Control Research Inst., Silver Spring, Maryland. 1987. p 25-29. 3 fig, 2 tab, 6 ref. AU - Fradkin, L AU - Kowal, N E AU - Scarpino, P V AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH Y1 - 1987/05// PY - 1987 DA - May 1987 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Computer models KW - Microbiological studies KW - Municipal wastewater KW - Path of pollutants KW - Pathogens KW - Risk assessment KW - Sludge disposal KW - Sludge management KW - Sludge utilization KW - Bacteria KW - Environmental Protection Agency KW - Groundwater pollution KW - Helminths KW - Land application KW - Population exposure KW - Protozoa KW - Public health KW - Regulations KW - Sludge drying KW - Viruses KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19088829?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Multi-Media+Microbiological+Risk+Assessment+Methodology+for+Municipal+Wastewater+Sludges&rft.au=Fradkin%2C+L%3BKowal%2C+N+E%3BScarpino%2C+P+V&rft.aulast=Fradkin&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1987-05-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risk Assessment in Development of Municipal Sludge Incineration Regulations Under 405(d) of the Clean Water Act AN - 19082880; 9011098 AB - The need for effective sludge management is continual and growing. Currently, this sludge is being managed as follows: landfilling, 40%; land applications, 19%; incineration, 20%; ocean dumping, 7%; distribution and marketing, 6%; storage lagoons and other, 6%; other, 2%. In 1983, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Sludge Task Force presented its finding to the Agency. One of the major recommendations was to develop a comprehensive technical regulatory program under Section 405(d) of the Clean Water Act. Section 405 requires the EPA to develop and issue regulations which identify uses for sludge including disposal, specify factors to be taken into account in determining the measures and practices applicable for each use or disposal, and identify concentrations of pollutant which interfere which each use or disposal. In order to evaluate health impacts of the emissions from incinerators, a set of ten sludge incinerator plants were selected from an EPA sponsored telephone survey of sludge incinerators. The air dispersion models used were EPA approved versions of Industrial Source Complex Long Term (ISCLT), Long Z, and Complex I. The potential health risk associated with the emissions from sludge incineration are related to the annual average ground level contaminant concentrations. The exposure level for contaminant dose for an individual residing in an area impacted by emissions from the municipal sludge incinerator depends upon the duration of exposure; inhalation volume; particle size distribution for incinerator emissions; and annual average contaminant concentrations. After modeling is completed, the highest annual ground level concentrations can be identified at each of the ten sites. The modeled emissions rates for each plant may be compared with the actual emissions determined by the testing of sludge incinerators to determine whether the emissions are acceptable. If the reference air concentrations are exceeded, some type of criteria or management practice to reduce emissions will need to be developed. (See also W90-11091) (Brunone-PTT) JF - Municipal Sewage Treatment Plant Sludge Management. Proceedings of the National Conference held May 27-29 1989, Boston, Massachusetts. Sludge Management Series No. 17. Hazardous Materials Control Research Inst., Silver Spring, Maryland. 1987. p 30-35. 3 tab, 3 ref. AU - Crumpler, E P AU - Fradkin, L AD - Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC. Office of the Assistant Administrator for Water Y1 - 1987/05// PY - 1987 DA - May 1987 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Clean Water Act KW - Incineration KW - Municipal wastewater KW - Risk assessment KW - Sludge disposal KW - Sludge management KW - Waste management KW - Computer models KW - Contaminants KW - Emission control KW - Environmental Protection Agency KW - Human diseases KW - Land disposal KW - Landfills KW - Model studies KW - Path of pollutants KW - Public health KW - Regulations KW - Sludge lagoons KW - Sludge utilization KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19082880?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Risk+Assessment+in+Development+of+Municipal+Sludge+Incineration+Regulations+Under+405%28d%29+of+the+Clean+Water+Act&rft.au=Crumpler%2C+E+P%3BFradkin%2C+L&rft.aulast=Crumpler&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1987-05-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Overview of Sewage Sludge Programs in the United States AN - 19071986; 9011100 AB - Changes in available technology, regulatory requirements and other factors will likely continue to result in shifts of the sewage sludge management practices employed by publicly owned and operated treatment works. Improvement in available equipment , fluctuations in fuel proces, interest rates, government financing and tax policies as well as changes in public opinion and State and Federal sludge regulations all have and will likely continue to effect trends in sludge management practices. While the States have played a primary role in regulating sludge management projects to date, many of the current State programs suffer from limited manpower and resources. As called for by the recent amendments to the Clean Water Act, new rules being developed by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) will serve as the basis for more comprehensive regulation of sewage sludge by EPA and the States. (See also W90-11091) (Author 's abstract) JF - Municipal Sewage Treatment Plant Sludge Management. Proceedings of the National Conference held May 27-29 1989, Boston, Massachusetts. Sludge Management Series No. 17. Hazardous Materials Control Research Inst., Silver Spring, Maryland. 1987. p 43-47. 3 tab, 11 ref. AU - Bastian, R K AD - Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC Y1 - 1987/05// PY - 1987 DA - May 1987 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Regulations KW - Sludge disposal KW - Sludge management KW - Waste management KW - Wastewater treatment KW - Economic aspects KW - Environmental Protection Agency KW - Federal regulation KW - Public opinion KW - Resource management KW - State jurisdiction KW - SW 3050:Ultimate disposal of wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19071986?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Overview+of+Sewage+Sludge+Programs+in+the+United+States&rft.au=Bastian%2C+R+K&rft.aulast=Bastian&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1987-05-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Screening Level Model for Tributyltin Criteria AN - 19061022; 8910263 AB - To assure that susceptible harbors and connecting channels in the Great Lakes system not exceed the proposed 20 nanograms/L (ng/L) level of concern, the use of tributyltin (TBT) anti-foulant paints on the vast majority of recreational vessels should be discontinued. Although the proposed maximum release rate of 4 micrograms/cu cm/d at steady state is not likely to pose a threat to rivers and harbors having short retention times , the maximum initial release rate of 168 microgram/sq cm/d from freshly painted vessels that put into the water only shortly before entering the Great Lakes system, could present an unacceptable risk to aquatic life during the months of April and May. Follow-up studies should track the concentration profiles of TBT, dibutyltin (DBT), and monobutyltin (MBT) in the water column and sediment from the opening of the commercial shipping season to its close. If levels exceeding 1 ng/L are observed for any significant period of time subsequent to virtually eliminating the recreational uses of TBT anti-foulant paints, additional controls on commercial uses may be necessary. (See also W89-10262) (Lantz-PTT) JF - Fate and Effects of Pollutants on Aquatic Organisms and Ecosystems. Proceedings of USA-USSR Symposium, Athens, Georgia October 19-21, 1987. Report No. EPA/600/9-88/001, May 1988. p 1-20, 2 tab, 11 ref, append. AU - Fink, LE AD - Environmental Protection Agency Chicago, IL. Great Lakes National Program Office Y1 - 1987/05// PY - 1987 DA - May 1987 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Water pollution control KW - Regulations KW - Standards KW - Pesticides KW - Tributyltin KW - Aquatic life KW - Anti-foulant paints KW - Dibutyltin KW - Monobutyltin KW - Recreation KW - Great Lakes KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19061022?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Screening+Level+Model+for+Tributyltin+Criteria&rft.au=Fink%2C+LE&rft.aulast=Fink&rft.aufirst=LE&rft.date=1987-05-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - NPDES Permitting Process for Sludge Management AN - 19054309; 9011094 AB - The Water Quality Act includes significant changes to Section 405 of the Clean Water Act dealing with sludge regulation. These amendments establish a Federal program for meeting the goals of reducing the environmental risks and maximizing the beneficial uses of sludge. Toxic pollutants in sewage sludge are to be identified, and acceptable management practices for the sludge are to be specified. The criteria are then to be implemented through permits, issued either by the Environmental Protection Agency or pursuant to approved state sludge permitting programs. Section 406 of the Water Quality Act of 1987, which amends Section 405 of the Clean Water Act, is a significant departure from the old Section 405. There are three key elements to the amendment: (1) the promulgation of technical criteria identifying and regulating toxic pollutants of concern in sewage sludge; (2) the implementation of the criteria through National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permits or permits issued pursuant to an approved state permitting program; and (3) the regulation of sludge through permits prior to the development of criteria (interim implementation). The Environmental Protection Agency plans to propose state sludge permit program requirements by September 1987. (See also W90-11091) (Brunone-PTT) JF - Municipal Sewage Treatment Plant Sludge Management. Proceedings of the National Conference held May 27-29 1989, Boston, Massachusetts. Sludge Management Series No. 17. Hazardous Materials Control Research Inst., Silver Spring, Maryland. 1987. p 11-13. AU - Kirkpatrick, M G AD - Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC. Office of Water Enforcement and Permits Y1 - 1987/05// PY - 1987 DA - May 1987 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Administrative agencies KW - Clean Water Act KW - Permits KW - Sludge disposal KW - Sludge management KW - Wastewater management KW - Water Quality Act KW - Environmental Protection Agency KW - Federal jurisdiction KW - Regulations KW - Resource management KW - Sludge utilization KW - State jurisdiction KW - Wastewater analysis KW - SW 3050:Ultimate disposal of wastes KW - SW 4050:Water law and institutions UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19054309?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=NPDES+Permitting+Process+for+Sludge+Management&rft.au=Kirkpatrick%2C+M+G&rft.aulast=Kirkpatrick&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1987-05-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimating Sample Requirements for Field Evaluations of Pesticide Leaching AN - 19025616; 8806943 AB - A method is presented for estimating the number of samples needed to evaluate pesticide leaching threats to ground water at a desired level of precision. Sample size projections are based on desired precision (exhibited as relative tolerable error), level of confidence (90 or 95%) and estimates of variability (expressed as the coefficient of variation) for selected pesticide and soil characteristics. Summary tables of descriptive statistics are provided as guides for projecting variability of various soil characteristics, pesticide properties (sorption, degradation), pesticide concentration profiles and inorganic solutes. These data were compiled through a comprehensive search of review articles and of reports of laboratory and field studies. They are also useful for evaluating ground water contamination by calibrating and conducting sensitivity testing with solute transport models. Coefficients of variation for selected soil characteristics were as follows: bulk density, 2 to 17%; organic matter, 42 to 125%; porosity, 4 to 18%; particle size distribution, 3 to 55%; hydrogen ion activity, 2 to 15%; 0.3 bar water content, 18 to 82 %; 15 bar water content, 18 to 87%; saturated hydraulic conductivity, 48 to 320%; and infiltration rate, 40 to 97%. Coefficients of variation for selected pesticide characteristics were as follows: transformation rates, 7 to 202%; sorption coefficients, 34 to 56%; and pesticide concentration profiles, 40 to 450%. Variability of pesticide concentrations increased over time after the initial pesticide application. The coefficients of variation for inorganic solutes ranged from 19 to 127%. On the basis of these data, sample size estimates (for constant desired precision and confidence level) for characterizing selected soil characteristics generally are smaller than those required for estimating pesticide concentrations. Fewer samples are projected for estimating pesticide concentrations shortly after application, with progressive increases required in later sampling. (Author 's abstract) JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry ETOCDK Vol. 6, No. 5, p 343-357, May 1987. 7 fig, 3 tab, 19 ref. AU - Smith, C N AU - Parrish, R S AU - Carsel, R F AD - Environmental Protection Agency Athens, GA. Southeast Environmental Research Lab Y1 - 1987/05// PY - 1987 DA - May 1987 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Pesticides KW - Pesticide residues KW - Leaching KW - Groundwater pollution KW - Sampling KW - Soil chemistry KW - Soil physical properties KW - Statistical analysis KW - Chemical degradation KW - Sorption KW - Soil solution KW - Variation coefficient KW - Inorganic compounds KW - Hydraulic conductivity KW - Hydrogen ion activity KW - Infitration KW - SW 5010:Network design KW - SW 0845:Water in soils KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19025616?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Estimating+Sample+Requirements+for+Field+Evaluations+of+Pesticide+Leaching&rft.au=Smith%2C+C+N%3BParrish%2C+R+S%3BCarsel%2C+R+F&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1987-05-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occurrence, Significance, and Detection of Klebsiella in Water Systems AN - 18993067; 8708958 AB - Widespread occurrences of Klebsiella in water distribution networks have resulted in much discussion about this organism 's effect on public health and about action that should be taken when Klebsiella is detected in public water supplies. Results obtained during development and testing of an improved medium for detecting Klebsiella showed that the medium (M-Kleb) has excellent differentiating characteristics and an average recovery rate of 94 percent for Klebsiella. This medium can also be used as a supplement streak plate to demonstrate the presence of Klebsiella during membrane filter coliform verification or during the multiple-tube confirmation process. (Author 's abstract) JF - Journal of the American Water Works Association JAWWA5 Vol. 79, No. 5, p 74-80, May 1987. 4 tab, 76 ref. AU - Geldreich, EE AU - Rice, E W AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH. Drinking Water Research Div Y1 - 1987/05// PY - 1987 DA - May 1987 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Klebsiella KW - Pollutant identification KW - Water supply KW - Public health KW - Analytical methods KW - Bacteria KW - Detection KW - Filtration KW - SW 3010:Identification of pollutants KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18993067?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Occurrence%2C+Significance%2C+and+Detection+of+Klebsiella+in+Water+Systems&rft.au=Geldreich%2C+EE%3BRice%2C+E+W&rft.aulast=Geldreich&rft.aufirst=EE&rft.date=1987-05-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Applying Economic Principles to Small Water Systems AN - 18989214; 8708955 AB - As a discipline, economics is often misunderstood in the water supply field. Economies-of-scale, i.e., increasing unit costs with decreasing capacity, is a prevailing characteristic of water supply technology, and small utilities that serve fewer than 10,000 persons account for more than 80 percent of community water suppliers in the United States. In addition, many small utilities are privately owned and must request rate increases from public utility commissions. Price inelasticity of demand also has a special relevance for water users. An understanding of economic principles and concepts is necessary for the proper management of small water systems as well as large ones. (Author 's abstract) JF - Journal of the American Water Works Association JAWWA5 Vol. 79, No. 5, p 57-61, May 1987. 8 fig, 4 tab, 9 ref. AU - Clark, R M AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH. Drinking Water Research Div Y1 - 1987/05// PY - 1987 DA - May 1987 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Water rates KW - Economic aspects KW - Water supply KW - Water demand KW - Water use KW - Management KW - SW 4030:Cost allocation, cost sharing, pricing KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18989214?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Applying+Economic+Principles+to+Small+Water+Systems&rft.au=Clark%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1987-05-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Drinking Water Criteria Document for Toxaphene AN - 19120154; 9102733 AB - Toxaphene is a broad spectrum, chlorinated terpenoid pesticide introduced in the US as a contact insecticide in 1948. Together with methoxychlor, toxaphene has been the chief replacement for DDT when the use of DDT was banned. A variety of guidelines or standards have been published to protect against toxaphene in aquatic media. That national interim primary drinking water standard is 5 microgm/L. The FDA mandated level for bottled water is also 5 microgram/L. These standards are based upon organoleptic effects. The water quality criterion for the protection of human health was originally set at 0.5 microgram/L for a 0.00001 cancer risk level. This criterion was subsequently revised to 7.1 ng/L for a risk of 0.00001. If consumption of aquatic organisms is considered alone, the corresponding risk level is 7.3 ng/L. Toxaphene has caused convulsions and nausea in humans when exposure has occurred by ingestion, skin contact or inhalation. The acute oral LD50, estimated from accidental poisonings was found to vary between 29 and 100 mg toxaphene/kg body weight. Mixtures of toxaphene with DDT (2:1, by weight) are more acutely toxic than either component alone. The recommended criterion for chronic exposure to toxaphene in drinking water, not considering intake from other sources, is 3.1, 0.31 and 0.031 micrograms/L to maintain individual cancer risk less than 0.0001, 0.00001, and 0.000001, respectively. The sufficient level of carcinogenic evidence in experimental animals, together with the inadequate level of human evidence meets the IARC Group 2B criteria for weight of evidence that a chemical is likely to be a human carcinogen. The assignment of a Group 2B designation by IARC means that the chemical is probably carcinogenic in humans. (Lantz-PTT) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22161, as PB89-192306. Price codes: A07 in paper copy, A01 in microfiche. EPA Report ECAO-CIN-426, February 1987. 128p, 29 tab, 216 ref. Y1 - 1987/04// PY - 1987 DA - Apr 1987 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Carcinogens Drinking water Halogenated pesticides Regulations KW - Standards Toxaphenes Water quality standards Water treatment DDT KW - Insecticides Lethal limit Organic compounds Public health KW - Toxicity KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19120154?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Drinking+Water+Criteria+Document+for+Toxaphene&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1987-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cost Supplement to Technologies and Costs for the Removal of Nitrates and Nitrites from Potable Water Supplies AN - 19117321; 9102726 AB - The cost estimates are a supplement to the cost section which appears in the September 30, 1985, report entitled, ' Technologies and Costs for the Removal of Nitrates and Nitrites from Potable Water Supplies. Since nitrates and nitrites are generally found in groundwater supplies, capital and operating costs for all technologies were developed. Cost estimates for the technologies identified and were developed for the following technologies: (1) ion exchange; (2) breakpoint chlorination (nitrites only); (3) reverse osmosis; (4) point-of-use; (5) modifying existing wall systems; (6) regionalization; and (7) alternate sources. The most economical method of treatment for systems with capacities between 0.01 and 0.3 million gallons per day (mgd) is to modify the existing well systems. For plant design capacities > 0.3 mgd, breakpoint chlorination is the most economical treatment technology for nitrites, and modifying existing well systems is the most economical for nitrates. (Lantz-PTT) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22161, as PB89-192488. Price codes: A05 in paper copy, A01 in microfiche. First Draft. February 1987. 72p, 7 fig, 17 tab, 3 append. Y1 - 1987/04// PY - 1987 DA - Apr 1987 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Costs Economic aspects Groundwater quality Nitrates Nitrites KW - Potable water Water treatment Chlorination Cost-benefit analysis KW - Ion exchange Reverse osmosis Water quality Wells KW - SW 4030:Cost allocation, cost sharing, pricing KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19117321?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Cost+Supplement+to+Technologies+and+Costs+for+the+Removal+of+Nitrates+and+Nitrites+from+Potable+Water+Supplies&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1987-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Superfund Record of Decision: Middletown Air Field, PA AN - 19112465; 9102669 AB - The Middletown Air Field site covers what is now the Harrisburg International Airport (HIA), located between the town of Middletown and Nighspire, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania. The airport is owned and operated by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Department of Transportation. Thearea surrounding the base is characterized as mixed residential/industrial. Between 1898 and 1962, the property was owned by the U.S. Government and used by the military. HIA and several other entities occupy what was referred to as the Olmsted Air Force Base. In March 1983, trichloroethene (TCE) contamination caused six of the ten onsite production wells supplying HIA to be taken out of service. Studies initiated under the Department of Defense Installation Restoration Program indicate that while groundwater contamination due to volatile organic compounds exists, the exact source(s) of contamination cannot be clearly defined. Groundwater contamination may result from one or more, possible current, sources in the ' industrial area'. To date, HIA has been able to temporarily meet the water requirements of the facility by taking the most contaminated well off-line as a potable water source, and by blending potable water from a number of wells. The most prevalent contaminants of concern affecting the groundwater are VOCs including TCE and PCE. The selected remedial action for this site includes: provision of a potable water supply; construction of a central treatment plant; groundwater pump and treatment using air stripping; and groundwater monitoring. The estimated capital cost for this remedial action is $3,750, 000 with annual operation and maintenance of $160,000. (Author 's abstract) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22161, as PB89-211684/AS. Price codes: A03 in paper copy, A01 in microfiche. Report No. EPA/ROD/R03-88/039, December 1987. 47p, 3 fig, 9 tab. Y1 - 1987/04// PY - 1987 DA - Apr 1987 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Cleanup operations Groundwater pollution Pennsylvania Site KW - remediation Superfund Volatile organic compounds Air stripping KW - Costs Drinking water Groundwater pumping Monitoring Potable KW - water Remediation measures Trichloroethene Water pollution KW - treatment KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19112465?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Superfund+Record+of+Decision%3A+Middletown+Air+Field%2C+PA&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1987-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cost Supplement to Removal of Cadmium from Potable Water Supplies AN - 19112444; 9102729 AB - The cost estimates presented a supplement to the cost section which appears in the April 1, 1985, report entitled ' Technologies and Costs for the Removal of Cadmium from Potable Water Supplies. Since cadmium is generally found in surface water supplies, capital and operating costs for all technologies were developed for surface waters. Cost estimates for the identified technologies have been developed based on information presented concerning waste disposal, capital costs and plant sizes. Costs were not developed for technologies identified as having future potential because additional testing and full-scale evaluations are necessary to determine design criteria and costs. The following cost estimates have been developed: (1) ion exchange; (2) coagulation/filtration, both modified and new; (3) lime softening, both modified and new; (4) reverse osmosis; (5) stabilization of corrosion waters; (6) pH adjustment; (7) corrosion inhibitors; (8) point-of-use; (9) regionalization; and (10) alternate source. The most economical method for treatment for systems with capacities of 0.1 million gallons per day and greater was found to be corrosion inhibitors. Of the cadmium removal technologies, ion exchange was found to be the most economical. (Lantz-PTT) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22161, as PB89-192462. Price codes: A07 in paper copy, A01 in microfiche. First draft. February 1987. 139p, 7 fig , 31 tab, 3 append. Y1 - 1987/04// PY - 1987 DA - Apr 1987 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Cadmium Costs Potable water Water treatment Coagulation KW - Corrosion control Cost-benefit analysis Economic aspects KW - Filtration Heavy metals Hydrogen ion concentration Ion exchange KW - Lime Reverse osmosis Water quality KW - SW 4030:Cost allocation, cost sharing, pricing KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19112444?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Cost+Supplement+to+Removal+of+Cadmium+from+Potable+Water+Supplies&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1987-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Drinking Water Criteria Document for Toluene AN - 19111995; 9102731 AB - Toluene is a relatively volatile organic solvent with a low water solubility, so that in aqueous solution it would be expected to evaporate into the environmental air. Because of its predisposition to exist as a vapor in the environment, most toluene exposure in humans is by inhalation. Absorption of toluene is rapid by inhalation or from the GI tract; absorption from the GI tract appears to be complete, while 50% of the inhaled toluene is absorbed through the lungs. In humans, the major effects of toluene are central nervous system dysfunction and narcosis. Applying EPA guidelines for the assessment of carcinogenic risk, toluene may be classified as group D: Not classified as to human carcinogenicity. This classification reflects the inadequate nature of the available data, thus preventing the development of a more definite statement regarding carcinogenic potential. The noncarcinogenic effects of toluene in laboratory animals and humans have been utilized for derivation of health advisories and a drinking water equivalent level (DWEL). The 1-day health advisory value, based on a human 8-hr no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL), is 18 mg/L for a l0 kg child. The proposed 10-day and longer term health advisory for a 10 kg child is 3 mg/L. The longer term health advisory for a 70 kg adult adopted the DWEL of 10 mg/L as a conservative estimate of exposure. The DWEL was derived from a NOAEL for male and female F344 rats exposed to toluene by inhalation at 300 ppm for 106 wks. The resultant DWEL for toluene is 10 mg/L. (Lantz-PTT) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22161, as PB89-192298. Price codes: A12 in paper copy, A01 in microfiche. EPA Final Report ECAO-CIN-408, March 1987. 267p, 20 tab, 205 ref. Y1 - 1987/04// PY - 1987 DA - Apr 1987 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Drinking water Regulations Standards Toluene Water quality KW - standards Water treatment Carcinogens Classification Organic KW - solvents Public health Toxicity Volatile organic compounds KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19111995?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Drinking+Water+Criteria+Document+for+Toluene&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1987-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cost Supplement to Technologies and Costs for the Removal of Selenium from Potable Water Supplies AN - 19110962; 9102728 AB - The cost estimates are a supplement to the cost section which appears in the November 18, 1985, report entitled, ' Technologies and Costs for the Removal of Selenium from Potable Water Supplies'. Because selenium is not commonly found in groundwater, capital and operating costs for selenium removal technologies were only developed for surface water supplies. Cost estimates for the identified technologies were developed based on information concerning waste disposal, capital costs, and plant size. Costs were not developed for technologies identified as having future potential because additional testing and full-scale evaluations were necessary to determine design criteria and costs. The technologies for which updated costs were developed include: (1) coagulation/filtration, modified for Se (IV) removal; (2) coagulation/filtration, new for Se (IV) removal; (3) activated alumina for Se (IV) and Se (VI) removal; (4) lime softening, modified for Se (IV) removal; (5) lime softening, new for Se (IV) removal; (6) reverse osmosis; (7) point-of-use treatment; (8) regionalization; and (9) alternate source. For Se (IV) removal, activated alumina was the most economical treatment alternative for design capacities 40 mgd, coagulation/filtration was the most economical. Reverse osmosis was found to be the most economical alternative for the removal of Se (VI) and total Se. (Lantz-PTT) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22161, as PB89-192496. Price codes: A07 in paper copy, A01 in microfiche. First draft. February 1987. 137 p, 7 fig, 30 tab, 3 append. Y1 - 1987/04// PY - 1987 DA - Apr 1987 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Costs Economic aspects Potable water Selenium Water treatment KW - Activated alumina Coagulation Cost-benefit analysis Filtration KW - Heavy metals Lime Reverse osmosis KW - SW 4030:Cost allocation, cost sharing, pricing KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19110962?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Cost+Supplement+to+Technologies+and+Costs+for+the+Removal+of+Selenium+from+Potable+Water+Supplies&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1987-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cost and Technology Document on Drinking Water Treatment for Low Range Costs: Estimated Low Range Costs for the Removal of Inorganics, Radionuclides, and Corrosion Related Contaminants from Potable Water Supplies AN - 19109356; 9103221 AB - Low-range costs were estimated for the removal of inorganics, radionuclides, and corrosion-related contaminants from potable water supplies. Capital and operating costs for all technologies were developed for ground and surface waters, for 12 system size categories ranging in population from 25 to >1,000,000, depending on which water source the contaminant is generally found. For the purpose of developing these costs, small water systems are defined as those with design flow requirements less than 1.0 mgd. Small systems often have large ratios of system design capacity to average daily flow. At the same time, however , they generally satisfy that demand through a combination of treatment capacity and storage capacity. For the large systems (those greater than 1.0 mgd) capital costs are based on plant design capacities, and for all system sizes operating costs are based on average plant flows. For each contaminant, the influent/effluent combinations which were utilized to develop estimated costs are used to categorize each group of cost tables for each contaminant, along with the percent removal associated with each combination and the removal efficiency of each process. The capital and operating costs for the technologies developed were determined using an updated computer model written for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. For all the technologies considered, designs and unit costs should be viewed as preliminary. More complete and detailed designs and cost estimates should be developed based upon pilot-plant testing and site-specific considerations. (Fish-PTT) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161, as PB89-192355. Price codes: A03 in paper copy, A01 in microfiche. January 1987. 46 p, 6 fig, 6 tab. Y1 - 1987/04// PY - 1987 DA - Apr 1987 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Drinking water Economic evaluation Water quality Water treatment KW - Water treatment facilities Computer models Corrosion KW - Cost-benefit analysis Estimated costs Inorganic compounds KW - Radioisotopes Water supply KW - SW 4020:Evaluation process KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19109356?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Cost+and+Technology+Document+on+Drinking+Water+Treatment+for+Low+Range+Costs%3A+Estimated+Low+Range+Costs+for+the+Removal+of+Inorganics%2C+Radionuclides%2C+and+Corrosion+Related+Contaminants+from+Potable+Water+Supplies&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1987-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cost Supplement to Technologies and Costs for the Removal of Asbestos from Potable Water Supplies AN - 19109260; 9102730 AB - The cost estimates are a supplement to the cost section which appears in the February 5, 1986, report entitled, ' Technologies and Costs for the Removal of Asbestos from Potable Water Supplies'. Since asbestos is generally found in surface water supplies capital and operating costs for all technologies were developed for surface waters. Cost estimates for the identified technologies have been developed based on information presented concerning waste disposal, capital costs, and plant size. Costs were not developed for technologies identified as having future potential because additional testing and full-scale evaluations are necessary to determine design criteria and costs. The technologies for which updated costs were developed fall into two groups. This grouping was established in the Technologies and Costs document for the removal of asbestos. Group I technologies have been identified as the best generally available treatment methods for reducing asbestos, and include: 1) coagulation/filtration, modified; (2) direct filtration, modified; (3) direct filtration, new; (4) stabilization of aggressive waters; and (5) inhibitors. Group II are more expensive than Group I, and include: (1) coagulation/filtration; (2) filtration, diatomite; (3) regionalization; and (4) alternate source. Direct filtration was found to be the most economical of the removal technologies, below 1 million gallons per day (mgd) design capacity and above 10 mgd. Between these values, diatomite filtration was found to be the most economical. (Lantz-PTT) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22161, as PB89-192447. Price codes: A06 in paper copy, A01 in microfiche. First draft. February 1987. 115p, 7 fig , 23 tab, 3 append. Y1 - 1987/04// PY - 1987 DA - Apr 1987 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Asbestos Costs Economic aspects Potable water Water treatment KW - Coagulation Cost-benefit analysis Diatomaceous earth Filtration KW - Inhibition Surface water Technology KW - SW 4030:Cost allocation, cost sharing, pricing KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19109260?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Cost+Supplement+to+Technologies+and+Costs+for+the+Removal+of+Asbestos+from+Potable+Water+Supplies&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1987-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cost Supplement to Technologies and Costs for the Removal of Chromium from Potable Water Supplies AN - 19108023; 9102727 AB - The cost estimates are a supplement to the cost section which appears in the January 31, 1985, report entitled ' Technologies and Costs for the Removal of Chromium from Potable Water Supplies'. Since chromium is generally found in surface water supplies, capital and operating costs for all technologies were developed. Cost estimates for the identified technologies were developed based on information concerning waste disposal, capital costs and plant size. Costs were not developed for technologies identified as having future potential because additional testing and full-scale evaluations were necessary to determine design criteria and costs. The technologies for which updated costs were developed include the following: (1) coagulation/filtration, modified for removal of chromium (VI); (2) coagulation/filtration, new for removal of total chromium; (3) anion exchange for removal of chromium (VI); (4) cation exchange for removal of chromium (III); (5) lime softening, modified for removal of chromium (III); (6) lime softening, new for removal of chromium (III); (7) two-bed ion exchange for removal of total chromium; (8) reverse osmosis for removal of total chromium; (9) point-of- use; (10) regionalization; and (11) alternate source. For chromium removal, the most economical treatment alternative was found to be anion exchange; and for total chromium removal, two-bed ion exchange was found to be the most economical. (Lantz-PTT) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22161, as PB89-192470. Price codes: A03 in paper copy, A01 in microfiche. First draft. February 1987. 131 p, 8 fig, 30 tab, 3 append. Y1 - 1987/04// PY - 1987 DA - Apr 1987 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Chromium Costs Economic aspects Potable water Water treatment KW - Anion exchange Coagulation Cost-benefit analysis Filtration KW - Heavy metals Reverse osmosis Water quality KW - SW 4030:Cost allocation, cost sharing, pricing KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19108023?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Cost+Supplement+to+Technologies+and+Costs+for+the+Removal+of+Chromium+from+Potable+Water+Supplies&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1987-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cost Supplement to Technologies and Costs for the Removal of Mercury from Potable Water Supplies AN - 19100686; 9102725 AB - The cost estimates are a supplement to the cost section which appears in the December 30, 1984, report entitled, ' Technologies and Costs for the Removal of Mercury from Potable Water Supplies'. Because mercury is not commonly found in groundwaters, capital and operating costs for mercury removal technologies were only developed for surface water supplies. Cost estimates for the identified technologies have been developed based on information concerning waste disposal, capital costs and plant size. Costs were not developed for technologies identified as having future potential because additional testing and full-scale evaluations are necessary to determine design criteria and costs. The technologies for which updated costs were developed are: (1) coagulation/filtration, modified with powdered activated carbon for total mercury removal; (2) lime softening, modified for inorganic mercury removal; (3) granular activated carbon (GAC) for total mercury removal; (4) coagulation/filtration with activated carbon for total mercury removal (5) reverse osmosis for total mercury removal; (6) point-of-use treatment; (7) regionalization; and (8) alternate source. GAC was found to be the most economical treatment technology for new systems. (Lantz-PTT) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22161, as PB89-192538. Price codes: A06 in paper copy, A01 in microfiche. January 1987. 109p, 7 fig, 24 tab, 3 append. Y1 - 1987/04// PY - 1987 DA - Apr 1987 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Costs Economic aspects Heavy metals Mercury Potable water Water KW - treatment Activated carbon Coagulation Cost-benefit analysis KW - Filtration Granular activated carbon Lime Reverse osmosis KW - Surface water Water quality KW - SW 4030:Cost allocation, cost sharing, pricing KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19100686?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Cost+Supplement+to+Technologies+and+Costs+for+the+Removal+of+Mercury+from+Potable+Water+Supplies&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1987-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Superfund Record of Decision: Commencement Bay/Near Shore, WA. First Remedial Action AN - 19089409; 9102659 AB - The Tacoma Tar Pits site covers approximately 30 acres within the Commencement Bay-Nearshore/Tideflats site in Tacoma, Pierce County, Washington. The tar pits lie between the Puyallup River, the city, and Wheeler-Osgood Waterways. These bodies of water are not used as a water supply, but support extensive fish and shellfish populations. Currently there is concern for the site 's impact on surface water quality and many local industries that use groundwater from onsite wells. In 1924, a coal gasification plant began operations, and continued until 1956, at which time they were terminated due to the availability of natural gas. During these years, waste materials from the coal gasification process were disposed of onsite. Contained in the waste materials, were a wide variety of organic compounds and heavy metals. From 1965 to 1966, the plant was dismantled and demolished. Most of the metal structures were removed from the site; however, all demolition debris and below grade structures were left in place, including tanks and pipelines containing tars. In 1967, a metal recycling company began operating at the site. Recycling of automobile batteries introduced acid, heavy metals, lead, and PCBs to the soil. Several studies conducted by EPA and the Washington State Department of Ecology between 1981 and 1988 found contaminants derived from the coal gasification process. The primary contaminants of concern affecting surface water and soil included: benzene, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls, and lead. The selected remedial action for this site includes: excavation of all contaminated soils exceeding 1% total PAHs and all surface soils exceeding a 0.000001 lifetime cancer risk level with stabilization of all excavated soils in a polymer/cement mixture; capping of the stabilized matrix with asphalt; channeling and managing of surface waters; groundwater monitoring; and removal and treatment of ponded water. The estimated present worth cost for this remedial action is $3,400 ,000. (Author 's abstract) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22161, as PB89-225544/AS. Price codes: AO6 in paper copy, AO1 in microfiche. Report No. EPA/ROD/R10-88/011. December 1987. 109p, 8 fig, 5 tab, 3 append. Y1 - 1987/04// PY - 1987 DA - Apr 1987 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Cleanup operations Coal gasification Groundwater pollution KW - Industrial wastes Site remediation Soil contamination Superfund KW - Washington Benzene Costs Lead Monitoring Polychlorinated KW - biphenyls Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Remedial measures KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19089409?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Superfund+Record+of+Decision%3A+Commencement+Bay%2FNear+Shore%2C+WA.+First+Remedial+Action&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1987-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multimedia Approach to Risk Assessment for Contaminated Sediments in a Marine Environment AN - 19082036; 8906660 AB - Problems of contaminated sediments frequently occur in dealing with exposure evaluation for rivers, lakes, estuaries, and harbors. These sites represent a special type of Superfund site. Contaminated aquatic sediments can lead to significant risk to humans resulting from exposure to contaminants through multimedia pathways such as ingestion, dermal absorption, and inhalation. This paper examines risk assessment approaches for these pathways under different conditions, and predictive models for estimating the ambient air concentrations. Exposure assessment methodologies are also described. Models useful in estimating volatilization rates from contaminated areas are presented for cases corresponding to high tide, low tide, and mud flats, and should help evaluate the population exposure effected by inhalation during implementation of no action or remedial action alternatives. Remedial options considered are: in-situ containment, clamshell dredging, and hydraulic dredging. (Lantz-PTT) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield VA 22161, as PB88-133640. Price codes: A03 in paper copy, A01 in microfiche. Report No. EPA/600/D-87/350, November 1987. 19p, 1 tab, 9 ref. AU - Hwang, ST AD - Exposure Assessment Group Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC Y1 - 1987/04// PY - 1987 DA - Apr 1987 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Marine sediments KW - Marine environment KW - Path of pollutants KW - Water pollution effects KW - Estuaries KW - Model studies KW - Dredging KW - Population exposure KW - Cleanup operations KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19082036?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Multimedia+Approach+to+Risk+Assessment+for+Contaminated+Sediments+in+a+Marine+Environment&rft.au=Hwang%2C+ST&rft.aulast=Hwang&rft.aufirst=ST&rft.date=1987-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Drinking Water Criteria Document for 2(2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxy) Propionic Acid (2,4,5-TP) AN - 19080609; 9102732 AB - 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxypropionic acid (2,4,5-TO), Silvex, is a commonly used systemic herbicide for both agricultural and nonagricultural purposes. The commercial herbicide is contaminated with 2,3,7,8-TCDD, a highly toxic tetra-chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin. Human studies have shown some positive evidence that exposure to phenoxy herbicides together with 2,3,7 ,8-TCDD as a contaminant correlates with an increase in soft tissue sarcomas and non-Hodgkins lymphomas. The EPA has given this mixture of compounds a B1 weight-of-evidence ranking, which indicates that this mixture is probably carcinogenic for humans. Neither 2,4,5-TP nor 2,3,7,8- TCDD alone can, be shown to have this carcinogenic potential, however. The quantification of toxicological effects of 2,4,5-TP involved the identification of doses at which adverse health effects are anticipated for both chronic and acute exposures in adults and children consuming 2 L or 1 L water/day. The 10-day health advisory of 0.2 mg/L (1.4 mg/day) was derived for a child exposed to 2,4,5-TP in water. A drinking water equivalent level (DWEL) of 0.26 mg/L was derived for lifetime exposure for an adult. The EPA has taken significant regulatory action on 2,4,5-TP as an herbicide product. As of February 1987, the result of the actions taken should be to reduce the availability of 2,4,5-TP, and hence its discharge into the environment, to virtually a nil level. The exception to this would be a situation where the storage of 2,4 ,5-TP in controlled or uncontrolled dump sites or related scenarios might result in a discharge to the environment. The regulatory action against herbicide uses began in February 1979 when 2,4,5-TP use in forestry, rights of way, pasture, home and garden, and ornamental gardening was suspended. Between 1979 and February 1985 all other registrations for 2,4,5-TP uses were cancelled by the US EPA. From February 1985 through February 1986, existing 2,4,5-TP stockpiles only were allowed into commerce only for highly limited use. As of February 1986 all sales of 2,4,5-TP ceased. (Lantz-PTT) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22161, as PB89-192330. Price codes: A07 in paper copy, A01 in microfiche. EPA Final Report ECAO-CIN-419, September 1987. 132p, 14 tab, 120 ref. Y1 - 1987/04// PY - 1987 DA - Apr 1987 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Drinking water Halogenated pesticides Herbicides Regulations KW - Silvex Water quality standards Water treatment Carcinogens KW - Organic acids Public health Standards Toxicity Water quality KW - control KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19080609?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Drinking+Water+Criteria+Document+for+2%282%2C4%2C5-Trichlorophenoxy%29+Propionic+Acid+%282%2C4%2C5-TP%29&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1987-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Recommended Biological Indices for 301(h) Monitoring Programs AN - 19079768; 8901812 AB - The 301(h) regulations require dischargers to conduct periodic surveys of those biological communities that are most likely to be affected by the modified discharge. The data from these surveys are used to compare biological conditions in the vicinity of the discharge with biological conditions in reference areas. One approach to making such comparisons involves the use of biological indices that reduce complex data sets into simple numerical relationships. The purpose of this document is to develop recommendations of those indices that should be used in the interpretation of 301(h) biological monitoring data. The Bray-Curtis similarity index, flexible sorting strategy, group average sorting, dominance flexible sorting strategy, infaunal index, biomass estimates, Hurlbert 's PIE diversity index, and the Shannon-Wiener H'index are discussed and evaluated. (Lantz-PTT) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield VA. 22161, as PB87-221560. Price codes: A02 in paper copy, A01 in microfiche. EPA Report No. EPA 430/9-86-002, March 1987. 17 p , 1 tab, 52 ref. AU - Bilyard, G R AU - Brooks-McAulilffe, M B AD - Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC. Office of Marine and Estuarine Protection Y1 - 1987/04// PY - 1987 DA - Apr 1987 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Water quality KW - Regulations KW - Environmental impact KW - Bioindicators KW - Standards KW - Monitoring KW - Biological studies KW - Biomass KW - Species diversity KW - SW 0850:Lakes KW - SW 4070:Ecological impact of water development KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19079768?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Recommended+Biological+Indices+for+301%28h%29+Monitoring+Programs&rft.au=Bilyard%2C+G+R%3BBrooks-McAulilffe%2C+M+B&rft.aulast=Bilyard&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1987-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Survey of Pesticides Used in Selected Areas Having Vulnerable Groundwaters in Washington State AN - 19073600; 8903386 AB - Pesticide contamination of groundwater resulting from normal agricultural use has been documented in 23 states, including Washington. Several of the pesticide compounds which were found (for example, ethylene dibromide) pose unacceptable health risks at extremely low levels. To date, relatively few drinking water supplies have been tested for pesticides, though agencies suspect that pesticides will be found once the effort is made to look for them. Concerns are that pesticide contamination may be widespread and, depending on the pesticide, could cause serious problems. In April 1985, EPA Region 10 's Pesticides Section began a pilot study to evaluate the potential in Washington 's State for groundwater contamination from normal, commercial agricultural use of ' leachable ' pesticides, and to gain a state overview of the problem. Study goals were to: (1) identify and map vulnerable groundwater areas in the state of Washington; (2) determine ' leachable pesticide use ' in these vulnerable groundwater areas; and (3) identify and prioritize geographic areas of concern based on groundwater maps and pesticide use data. The mapping effort shows that extensive areas of Washington State may be susceptible to contamination from use of agricultural chemicals. However, caution is advised against interpreting maps strictly, as they are very general. Further refinement, particularly in the Puget Sound lowland region, might reduce the number and size of areas now designated as vulnerable. Groundwater vulnerability designations are based on geology and the practice of irrigation. (Lantz-PTT) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield VA 22161, as PB88-199674. Price codes: A14 in paper copy, A01 in microfiche. Report No. EPA 910/9-87-169, July 1987. 305p, 8 append. AU - Sacha, L AU - Fleming, D AU - Wysocki, H AD - Environmental Protection Agency Seattle, WA. Region X Y1 - 1987/04// PY - 1987 DA - Apr 1987 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Path of pollutants KW - Pesticides KW - Groundwater pollution KW - Leaching KW - Washington KW - Mapping KW - Groundwater KW - Agriculture KW - Geology KW - Irrigation KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19073600?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Survey+of+Pesticides+Used+in+Selected+Areas+Having+Vulnerable+Groundwaters+in+Washington+State&rft.au=Sacha%2C+L%3BFleming%2C+D%3BWysocki%2C+H&rft.aulast=Sacha&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1987-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Surfactant-Enhanced in Situ Soils Washing AN - 19073521; 8904753 AB - The feasibility of using surfactants to enhance the washing of petroleum and solvent contaminated soils was examined. A pilot-scale test of in situ soils washing was performed at an abandoned fire training area using several surfactant solutions. The results indicate in situ soils washing is not a proven and reliable remediation technology because it is less effective than laboratory column methods, repeated washings led to a reduction in soil permeability, and the cost of using synthetic surfactants is very high. The groundwater from the site was successfully treated using a series of chemical pretreatments and a packed-tower air stripper. (White-Reimer-PTT) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springield VA 22161, as ADA-188066. Price codes: A04 in paper copy, A01 in microfiche. Report No. ESL-TR-87-18, September 1987. 55p, 15 fig , 10 tab, 4 ref, 2 append. AU - Nash, J AU - Traver, R P AU - Downey, D C AD - Environmental Protection Agency Edison, NJ. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab Y1 - 1987/04// PY - 1987 DA - Apr 1987 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Cleanup KW - Water pollution treatment KW - Soil contamination KW - Groundwater pollution KW - Surfactants KW - Petroleum products KW - Soil washing KW - Total organic carbon KW - Packed-tower air stripper KW - Soil chemistry KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19073521?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Surfactant-Enhanced+in+Situ+Soils+Washing&rft.au=Nash%2C+J%3BTraver%2C+R+P%3BDowney%2C+D+C&rft.aulast=Nash&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1987-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - 1982 Detroit Michigan Area Sediment Survey AN - 19071568; 8906654 AB - Twenty-eight sediment grab samples from the western bank of the Detroit River and three of its tributaries were chemically analyzed. Sampling sites were chosen to find worst-case conditions. High levels of conventional pollutants and metals were found throughout most of the study area. Hydrophobic organic contaminants found in a wide range of concentrations included: polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, various pesticides, and volatile organic compounds. Contaminant distributions suggest recent inputs from local sources. Highest contaminant levels were found in the Rouge River, the northern Trenton Channel and Conners Creek in the Belle Isle Area. The City of Detroit Wastewater Treatment Plant, combined sewer overflows, local steel and chemical industry and oil refineries are implicated as likely sources. Several contaminants including volatile organics, PCBs and hexachlorobenzene, seem to have major upstream sources, perhaps in Lake St. Clair or the St. Clair River. (Author 's abstract) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield VA 22161, as PB88-133780. Price codes: A06 in paper copy, A01 in microfiche. Report No. 87-11, July 1987. EPA 906/4-87-003. 98p, 60 fig, 18 tab, 24 ref, 4 append. AU - Pranckevicius, P E AD - Environmental Protection Agency Chicago, IL. Great Lakes National Program Office Y1 - 1987/04// PY - 1987 DA - Apr 1987 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Michigan KW - Surveys KW - Sediments KW - Pollutant identification KW - Chemical analysis KW - Polychlorinated biphenyls KW - Pesticides KW - Volatile organic compounds KW - Water pollution sources KW - Hexachlorobenzene KW - Detroit KW - SW 3010:Identification of pollutants KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19071568?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=1982+Detroit+Michigan+Area+Sediment+Survey&rft.au=Pranckevicius%2C+P+E&rft.aulast=Pranckevicius&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1987-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxicity Reduction Evaluations in Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants AN - 19070902; 8904748 AB - The evolving management method (Toxicity Reduction Evaluation) involves four major elements: (1) evaluating the causes of toxic substances passing through treatment plants, (2) characterizing and identifying the components of toxicity, (3) tracing substances to their sources, and (4) evaluating treatment alternatives for controlling toxic substances. Using the Toxicity Reduction Evaluation method, wastewaters from six municipal wastewater treatment plants were tested at different stages of treatment using static renewal seven-day acute-chronic Fathead minnow and Ceriodaphnia assays for assessing ecosystem effects, the Ames test and mammalian cell assay cells for mutagenicity screening, and the Sister Chromatid Exchange assay using Chinese hamster ovary cells for genotoxicity. Results indicate these methods provide affordable monitors for tracking ecosystem toxicity, providing characterization of the toxicity, and insight into the treatability of municipal wastewater. In addition, toxicity reduction surveys using health effects bioassays, such as Ames tests, reveal substantive bioassay responses in wastewaters entering and passing through selected municipal treatment plants. (White-Reimer-PTT) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield VA 22161, as PB88-125703. Price codes: A03 in paper copy, A01 in paper copy, A01 in microfiche. Report No. EPA/600/D-87/320, October 1987. 27p, 6 fig, 10 tab, 16 ref. AU - Bishop, D F AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab Y1 - 1987/04// PY - 1987 DA - Apr 1987 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Bioassays KW - Wastewater analysis KW - Municipal wastewater KW - Toxicity KW - Toxicity Reduction Evaluation KW - Ames mutagenicity KW - Water pollution control KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes KW - SW 3010:Identification of pollutants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19070902?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Toxicity+Reduction+Evaluations+in+Municipal+Wastewater+Treatment+Plants&rft.au=Bishop%2C+D+F&rft.aulast=Bishop&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1987-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - EPA 's Waste Minimization Research Program AN - 19070238; 8904749 AB - The Hazardous Waste Engineering Reseach Laboratory, in conjunction with the Office of Solid Waste, is developing a Waste Minimization Program for implementation in Fiscal Year 88. The EPA has adopted the following hierarchy as a guide for hazardous waste management options: (1) waste reduction, (2) waste separation and concentration, (3) waste exchange, (4) energy/material recovery, (5) incineration/treatment, and (6) secure land disposal. Barriers that inhibit the implementation of waste management action include; lack of awareness, fear of upsetting a product 's quality, organizational inertia, internal politics of the organization, and rejection of innovative approaches. The EPA has developed several programs to reduce technical barriers and to provide support and guidance for individual programs. (White-Reimer-PTT) JF - Availalble from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield VA 22161, as PB88-148085. Price codes: A02 in paper copy, A01 in microfiche. Report No. EPA/600/D-87/365, December 1987. 5p, 1 tab. AU - Dial, C J AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab Y1 - 1987/04// PY - 1987 DA - Apr 1987 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Waste disposal KW - Waste management KW - Environmental policy KW - Public policy KW - Legal aspects KW - Political aspects KW - EPA policy KW - Hazardous materials KW - SW 3050:Ultimate disposal of wastes KW - SW 4020:Evaluation process UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19070238?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=EPA+%27s+Waste+Minimization+Research+Program&rft.au=Dial%2C+C+J&rft.aulast=Dial&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1987-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Volunteer Lake Monitoring Program, 1986. Volume II: Northwestern Illinois Region AN - 19068434; 8907166 AB - This report is Vol. II of a series of 7 reports summarizing Illinois EPA 's 1986 Volunteer Lake Monitoring Program. It provides a program overview, summarizes results for 21 lakes in Northwestern Illinois, discusses lake/watershed management strategies, and contains individual analyses and recommendations for lakes monitored during 9 or more sampling periods, and data for lakes monitored 4-8 sampling periods. Nineteen volunteers recorded total depth, Secchi disc transparency, and field observations for 21 lakes in Northwestern Illinois between May and October, 1986. Included were 18 dammed-stream type impoundments, 1 strip mine lake, 1 river backwater, and 1 excavated lake. Average transparencies ranged from 10.8-93.3 inches. Forty-eight percent of the lakes exhibited average transparencies > 4 ft, 43% between 2 and 4 ft, and 9% < 2 ft. Two lakes were classified as mesotrophic, and the remainder, eutrophic, based on average Secchi disc transparency. (Author 's abstract) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield VA 22161, as PB88-148580. Price codes: A04 in paper copy, A01 in microfiche. Report No. IEPA/WPC/87-007b, October 1987. 90p, 2 fig, 5 tab, 18 ref. AU - Hawes, J AU - Hammel, W AD - Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency Springfield. Div. of Water Pollution Control Y1 - 1987/04// PY - 1987 DA - Apr 1987 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Illinois KW - Public participation KW - Monitoring KW - Water quality KW - Lakes KW - Turbidity KW - Lake classification KW - Secchi disks KW - SW 0850:Lakes KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - SW 3010:Identification of pollutants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19068434?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Volunteer+Lake+Monitoring+Program%2C+1986.+Volume+II%3A+Northwestern+Illinois+Region&rft.au=Hawes%2C+J%3BHammel%2C+W&rft.aulast=Hawes&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1987-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Western Lake Survey, Phase I. Characteristics of Lakes in the Western United States: Volume II. Data Compendium for Selected Physical and Chemical Variables AN - 19067401; 8908500 AB - The Western Lake Survey-Phase I (WLS-I) was designed to provide the information needed to assess the chemical status of lakes in areas of the western U.S. containing the majority of low alkalinity systems. Lakes were selected statistically from the population of lakes within five western mountainous regions: California, the Pacific Northwest, the Northern Rockies, the Central Rockies, and the Southern Rockies. Variables thought to influence or be influenced by surface water acidification were measured using standardized methods. The primary objectives of the WLS-I were to: (1) determine the percentage (by number and area) and location of lakes that are acidic in potentially sensitive areas of the western United States; (2) determine the percentage (by number and area) and location of lakes that have low acid neutralizing capacity in potentially sensitive areas of the western U.S.; and (3) determine the chemical characteristics of lake populations in potentially sensitive areas of the western U.S. and provide a data base for selecting lakes for future studies. This volume of the report is presented as five sections: (1) an introduction; (2) population estimates for selected physical and chemical variables. The reference values and population estimates pertaining to these values are provided for the six primary variables: acid neutralizing capacity, pH, sulfate, calcium, extractable aluminum, and dissolved organic carbon. No reference values for the physical variables or the secondary variables are given; (3) list the U.S. Geological Survey maps used to defined the map population and identify non-target lakes; (4) maps showing the locations of sampled lakes within each of the ten states sampled; and (5) data for individual sample lakes and special interest lakes. Lists of lakes sorted by state and lake name and by lake ID are provided. (Lantz-PTT) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield VA 22161, as PB88-1146832. Price codes: A22 in paper copy, A01 in microfiche. Report No. EPA/600/3-88/054b, January 1987. 493p, 173 fig, 10 tab. EPA Contracts 68-03-3249, 68-01-7288, 68-02-3994, 68-03-3246, and 40-1441-84. AU - Eilers, J M AU - Kanciruk, P AU - McCord, R A AU - Overton, W S AU - Hook, L AD - Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC. Office of Acid Deposition, Environmental Monitoring, and Quality Assurance Y1 - 1987/04// PY - 1987 DA - Apr 1987 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Acidification KW - Acid rain effects KW - Lakes KW - Surveys KW - Data collections KW - Chemical analysis KW - Physical properties KW - Hydrogen ion concentration KW - Sulfates KW - Calcium KW - Aluminum KW - Organic carbon KW - Maps KW - Lake morphology KW - SW 5080:Evaluation, processing and publication KW - SW 0850:Lakes KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19067401?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Western+Lake+Survey%2C+Phase+I.+Characteristics+of+Lakes+in+the+Western+United+States%3A+Volume+II.+Data+Compendium+for+Selected+Physical+and+Chemical+Variables&rft.au=Eilers%2C+J+M%3BKanciruk%2C+P%3BMcCord%2C+R+A%3BOverton%2C+W+S%3BHook%2C+L&rft.aulast=Eilers&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1987-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Role of EPA 's Office of Research and Development in the Standard Setting Process for Drinking Water AN - 19050181; 8906641 AB - The EPA 's mission is to administer specific Federal legislation that is intended to control and abate adverse impacts of pollution on the human environment. In order to fulfill this mission, a research program is required which addresses fundamental informational needs common to all EPA 's operating programs. Research support to the Agency is supplied by EPA 's Office of Research and Development (OR and D). OR and D supports development of drinking water regulation in five areas: development of criteria documents; control technology; health effects; monitoring and methods; and groundwater. In addition to the formal management function of research (research committees) OR and D maintains informal liaison with the Office of Drinking Water through workgroups. An example of this liaison is the disinfection by-products workgroup. (Author 's abstract) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield VA 22161, as PB88-132212. Price codes: A03 in paper copy, A01 in microfiche. Report No. EPA/600/D-87/341, November 1987. 14p, 7 fig. AU - Clark, R M AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH. Drinking Water Research Div Y1 - 1987/04// PY - 1987 DA - Apr 1987 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Water quality standards KW - Environmental Protection Agency KW - Administrative agencies KW - Standards KW - Regulations KW - Drinking water KW - Water quality control KW - Administration KW - Legislation KW - Public health KW - Monitoring KW - Groundwater quality KW - Water treatment KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - SW 4050:Water law and institutions UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19050181?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Role+of+EPA+%27s+Office+of+Research+and+Development+in+the+Standard+Setting+Process+for+Drinking+Water&rft.au=Clark%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1987-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cost and Performance Evaluation for Full Scale, Single Solute Control of Synthetic Organic Chemicals by Granular Activated Carbon Adsorption AN - 19037192; 8805754 AB - The amendments to the Safe Drinking Water Act will require an extensive evaluation of the feasibility for removing organic compounds using granular activated carbon (GAC). In order to meet very short deadlines for technology evaluation, the Drinking Water Research Division has incorporated the use of microcolumn and adsorption modeling combined with cost models to make full scale projections for the performance of GAC systems. Analysis has been performed on a representative list of compounds. For poorly adsorbed compounds, the minimum cost system is associated with shorter empty bed contact times (EBCTs). However, this must be evaluated case by case, and depends on influent concentration and effluent goals. For some compounds, there may be a range of EBCTs at which cost is near minimum as shown in the 1,2-dibromethane example. All of these compounds have been analyzed as if they were single solutes when in reality they will occur in nature as part of a mixture. However, the analysis presented in this paper should be useful for preliminary planning. (Lantz-PTT) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield VA. 22161, as PB87-202925. Price codes: A03 in paper copy, A01 in microfiche. Report No. EPA/600/D-87/205, June 1987. 27 p, 15 fig, 4 tab, 3 ref. AU - Adams, J Q AU - Clark, R M AU - Miltner, R J AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab Y1 - 1987/04// PY - 1987 DA - Apr 1987 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Water treatment KW - Acivated carbon KW - Water quality control KW - Granular activated carbon KW - Costs KW - Performance evaluation KW - Organic compounds KW - Drinking water KW - Adsorption KW - Water pollution prevention KW - Dibromoethane KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19037192?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Cost+and+Performance+Evaluation+for+Full+Scale%2C+Single+Solute+Control+of+Synthetic+Organic+Chemicals+by+Granular+Activated+Carbon+Adsorption&rft.au=Adams%2C+J+Q%3BClark%2C+R+M%3BMiltner%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Adams&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1987-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Computers in the Water Industry: Impact on the Regulatory Process AN - 19035034; 8805711 AB - The Environmental Protection Agency 's (EPA) Drinking Water Research Division (DWRD) is responsible for evaluating the various types of treatment technologies that might be considered for meeting the Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs). The traditional approach is to evaluate the kinetics of a process at the bench-scale, study it at the pilot plant scale, and then evaluate cost and performance of a treatment technology at the field scale whenever possible. Although this traditional approach is dependable it is also time consuming. Because of the accelerated time frame for regulation along with the increased number of contaminants to be regulated using such a deliberate protocol is not possible. Therefore, the DWRD has increasingly turned to computer modeling and simulation as a means of providing support for the technology evaluation process. This study concentrates on the use of modeling in evaluating drinking water technology. Modeling has both benefits and shortcomings which have implications for the regulated drinking water utilities and the implementors of regulations including States and the EPA. Three examples of modeling are presented which are explored in some detail. One example, a toxic screening model for surface water sources has been completed with positive results. A second example, a compliance study dealing with coliform in surface waters has led to confusing and potentially misleading conclusions. The third example, a technology evaluation model, is underway and will have significance for the water supply industry. A brief review of DWRD 's overall modeling activities is also presented. (Lantz-PTT) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield VA 22161, as PB87-203295. Price codes: A03 in paper copy, A01 in microfiche. Report No. EPA/600/D-87/202, June 1987. 17 p, 9 fig, 3 tab, 9 ref. AU - Clark, R M AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH. Drinking Water Research Div Y1 - 1987/04// PY - 1987 DA - Apr 1987 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Water quality control KW - Water treatment KW - Computer models KW - Model studies KW - Regulations KW - Toxicity KW - Drinking water KW - Coliforms KW - Case studies KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19035034?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Computers+in+the+Water+Industry%3A+Impact+on+the+Regulatory+Process&rft.au=Clark%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1987-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of the Algal Growth Potential Test for Data Assessment AN - 19034363; 8801855 AB - A compilation of 10 years of experience in the southeast U. S. using the standard algal growth potential test (AGPT) to diagnose and correct environmental situations within the jurisdiction of the U.S. EPA mandate. Data from more than 1200 tests is presented. Potential dry weight values range from 0.03 to 65.59 mg dry weight/L. The mean, mode, and median for this data set are 8.50, 0.22, and 2.86 mg dry weight/L, respectively. Generalizations or guidelines are presented for determining regulatory action levels, for better assessing phosphorus wasteload allocations, and accurately determining limiting nutrient status of waters. In particular, application of the AGPT in evaluating nutrient conditions, in providing data for mathematical models, and in evaluating phytoplankton dynamics is discussed. (Author 's abstract) JF - Water Pollution Control Federation Journal JWPFA5 Vol. 59, No. 4, p 222-227, April 1987. 4 fig, 2 tab, 27 ref. AU - Raschke, R L AU - Schultz, DA AD - Environmental Protection Agency Athens, GA. Environmental Services Div Y1 - 1987/04// PY - 1987 DA - Apr 1987 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Algal growth potential KW - Data assessment KW - Pollutant identification KW - Water quality control KW - Phosphorus KW - Pollution load KW - Nutrients KW - Mathematical models KW - Phytoplankton KW - SW 5080:Evaluation, processing and publication KW - SW 3010:Identification of pollutants KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19034363?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Use+of+the+Algal+Growth+Potential+Test+for+Data+Assessment&rft.au=Raschke%2C+R+L%3BSchultz%2C+DA&rft.aulast=Raschke&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1987-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of Regulations for Radionuclides in Drinking Water AN - 19032069; 8804981 AB - The Office of Drinking Water in the U.S. EPA is currently reexamining existing regulations for radionuclides in drinking water and is considering the possibility of adding maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) for uranium and radon. Background analyses to support this activity include evaluations of occurrence, exposure, health effects, monitoring analytical methodology and treatment techniques. The occurrence of radium-226, radium-228, natural radium, and radon in drinking water supplies is discussed, along with possible sources of the contamination and risk estimates. (See also W88-04980) (Lantz-PTT) JF - Radon, Radium and Other Radioactivity in Ground Water: Hydrogeologic Impact and Application to Indoor Airborne Contamination. Proceedings of the NWWA Conference April 7-9, 1987, Somerset, New Jersey. 1987. p 1-11, 4 tab. AU - Cothern, C R AD - Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC. Office of Drinking Water Y1 - 1987/04// PY - 1987 DA - Apr 1987 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Regulations KW - Drinking water KW - Radioisotopes KW - Radium radioisotopes KW - Radon KW - Risks KW - Water pollution sources KW - Water systems KW - Water quality control KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19032069?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Development+of+Regulations+for+Radionuclides+in+Drinking+Water&rft.au=Cothern%2C+C+R&rft.aulast=Cothern&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1987-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Organic Contaminant Control: Pilot Scale Studies at Jefferson Parish, Louisiana AN - 19031493; 8805825 AB - Disinfection of drinking water in the United States is accomplished by four major disinfectants: chlorine, monochloramine, chlorine dioxide, and ozone. These four disinfectants were applied to four parallel streams in a pilot plant located at Jefferson Parish, Louisiana. Several organics, including surrogates such as total organic carbon and total organic halide, were evaluated to investigate the effects of disinfection and treatment by sand filtration and granular activated carbon (GAC) adsorption. Also, five toxicological tests were conducted to determine the general toxicity and the mutagenic/carcinogenic potential of disinfection and/or GAC adsorption. Results of the study showed that ozonation produced less organics in most but not all cases. The short term animal toxicological studies revealed difficulties in analyzing actual drinking waters for detectable toxic effects. (See also W88-05809) (Author 's abstract) JF - Treatment of Drinking Water for Organic Contaminants. Proceedings of the Second National Conference on Drinking Water, Edmonton, Canada April 7 and 8, 1986. Pergamon Press, New York. 1987. p 263-282, 6 fig, 8 tab, 18 ref. Contract No. CS806925. AU - Lykins, B W AU - Koffskey, W AU - Miller, R G AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab Y1 - 1987/04// PY - 1987 DA - Apr 1987 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Organic compounds KW - Water quality control KW - Pilot plants KW - Water treatment KW - Louisiana KW - Disinfection KW - Chlorine KW - Monochloramine KW - Chlorine dioxide KW - Ozone KW - Chlorination KW - Ozonation KW - Organic carbon KW - Toxicity KW - Drinking water KW - Bioassay KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19031493?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Organic+Contaminant+Control%3A+Pilot+Scale+Studies+at+Jefferson+Parish%2C+Louisiana&rft.au=Lykins%2C+B+W%3BKoffskey%2C+W%3BMiller%2C+R+G&rft.aulast=Lykins&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1987-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bacteria Attached to Granular Activated Carbon in Drinking Water AN - 19027767; 8808430 AB - Laboratory and field studies were undertaken to answer basic questions about the influence of granular activated carbon (GAC) on the bacteriological quality of drinking water. A sampling apparatus consisting of a 47-mm Swinnex and a 16-layer gauze filter was developed to trap filter fines from large volumes of water. A desorption technique (Zwittergent 3-12, 0.000001 M; EGTA, 0.001 M; peptone, 0.01%; Tris buffer, pH 7.0, 0.1 M; homogenized at 4 C for 3 min at 16,000 rpm) combined with optimal culturing procedures (heterotrophs, R2A medium at 28 C for 7 days; coliforms, mT7 medium MF procedure and an MPN with lauryl sulfate added after 4 hr of incubation) allowed for the enumeration of particle-associated bacteria. The following conclusions were drawn: (1) GAC-attached bacteria were effectively removed by this desorption technique; (2) HPC, coliform, and enteropathogenic bacteria grown on GAC or attached for less than a generation time were not killed by exposure to chlorine (2 mg/L) for 1 hr; (3) Enteropathogenic bacteria were capable of colonizing laboratory-scale GAC filters. Persistence of the pathogens depended on the presence of autochthonous surface water organisms; (4) Populated GAC filter lines were found in drinking water from properly operated treatment facilities; and (5) Increasing the applied water turbidity, flow rate, and filter depth all caused an appearance of (a) a higher number of released particles; (b) increased bacterial colonization of the particles; and (c) elevated adsorbed coliforms. GAC supported more coliforms than sand or anthracite in laboratory experiments. (Lantz-PTT) JF - Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield VA. 22161, as PB87-228763. Price codes: A02 in paper copy, A01 in microfiche. EPA Environmental Research Brief No. EPA/600/M-87/003, June 1987. 5 p, 2 fig, 2 tab, 8 ref. AU - McFeters, G A AU - Camper, A K AU - LeChevallier, M W AU - Broadaway, S C AU - Davies, D G AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab Y1 - 1987/04// PY - 1987 DA - Apr 1987 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Bacteria KW - Granular activated carbon KW - Bacterial analysis KW - Drinking water KW - Water treatment KW - Microbiological studies KW - Filters KW - Coliforms KW - Turbidity KW - SW 3010:Identification of pollutants KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19027767?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Bacteria+Attached+to+Granular+Activated+Carbon+in+Drinking+Water&rft.au=McFeters%2C+G+A%3BCamper%2C+A+K%3BLeChevallier%2C+M+W%3BBroadaway%2C+S+C%3BDavies%2C+D+G&rft.aulast=McFeters&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1987-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of Drinking Water Regulations for Organic Contaminants in the United States AN - 19027643; 8805812 AB - Comprehensive regulations are being developed to limit human exposure to contamination in drinking water by the U.S. EPA under the authority of the Safe Drinking Water Act. These regulations are being developed in several phases and will include synthetic organic chemicals, inorganic chemicals, microbiological contaminants and radionuclides. This paper addresses synthetic organic chemicals (SOCs) including volatile organic chemicals (e.g., trichloroethylene), pesticides, and other SOCs such as PCBs or trihalomethanes. The regulatory and scientific basis for proposed and final regulations are discussed including: (1) occurrence in drinking water and human exposure; (2) human health risks; (3) analytical methods and monitoring; and (4) treatment and costs of control. (See also W88-05809) (Author 's abstract) JF - Treatment of Drinking Water for Organic Contaminants. Proceedings of the Second National Conference on Drinking Water, Edmonton, Canada April 7 and 8, 1986. Pergamon Press, New York. 1987. p 17-28, 7 tab, 7 ref. AU - Vogt, C AU - Cotruvo, J AU - Goldhaber, S AD - Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC. Office of Drinking Water Y1 - 1987/04// PY - 1987 DA - Apr 1987 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Drinking water KW - Water treatment KW - Regulations KW - Water quality control KW - Safe Drinking Water Act KW - Organic compounds KW - Standards KW - Inorganic compounds KW - Polychlorinated biphenyls KW - United States KW - Synthetic organic compounds KW - Monitoring KW - Water quality management KW - Public health KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution KW - SW 4050:Water law and institutions UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19027643?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Development+of+Drinking+Water+Regulations+for+Organic+Contaminants+in+the+United+States&rft.au=Vogt%2C+C%3BCotruvo%2C+J%3BGoldhaber%2C+S&rft.aulast=Vogt&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1987-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimating the Health Risks of Radon in Drinking Water AN - 18998468; 8708308 AB - By combining information about the occurrence, transport, exposure, and health effects of radon in drinking water, it has been estimated that over a period of 70 years (the average lifetime in the United States), between 2000 and 40000 lung cancer fatalities are caused by inhalation of natural radon released from US public water supplies. The average concentration of radon in these water supplies generates a lifetime risk of about 1 in 10000, the highest level of risk allowed for any contaminant currently regulated under the Safe Drinking Water Act. Reducing the levels of radon in drinking water, which would significantly lessen the risks to health, has been found to be feasible by either aeration or treatment with granular activated carbon. (Author 's abstract) JF - Journal of the American Water Works Association JAWWA5 Vol. 79, No. 4, p 153-158, April 1987. 5 fig, 6 tab, 22 ref. AU - Cothern, C R AD - Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC. Office of Drinking Water Y1 - 1987/04// PY - 1987 DA - Apr 1987 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Water quality KW - Public health KW - Radon KW - Drinking water KW - Water pollution effects KW - Lung cancer KW - Water supply KW - Water treatment KW - Inhalation KW - Risks KW - Estimating KW - Aeration KW - Activated carbon KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18998468?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Estimating+the+Health+Risks+of+Radon+in+Drinking+Water&rft.au=Cothern%2C+C+R&rft.aulast=Cothern&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1987-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Water Regulations and the Direction of the EPA AN - 18990994; 8708068 AB - Details of the June 1986 amendments to the Safe Drinking Water Act which requires every public water supply in the USA to meet the primary drinking water regulations were presented. The new amendments state that: (1) the EPA must regulate nine contaminants within a year of enactment, another 40 within two years, and another 34 within three years for a total of 83, (2) Congress has specified the 83 contaminants but the EPA has the option of substituting up to seven other contaminants for those on the list if that will provide greater health protection, (3) in addition to the 83, at least 25 more primary standards will be required by 1991 and 25 more standards every three years thereafter, (4) within 18 months of enactment of the law the EPA must promulgate regulations specifying criteria under which filtration is a required treatment technique and states will have four years to comply, and (5) by June 1988 the EPA must promulgate regulations requiring disinfection and specifying criteria that will be used to grant The impacts of the major policy changes included in the Water Quality Act of 1987 on the environment, the EPA, and state and local governments were discussed. The EPA expects to continue cooperating with state and local governments on compliance with the laws and to continue emphasizing water and wastewater programs. (Wood-PTT) JF - Southwest and Texas Water Works Journal STWJDV Vol. 69, No. 1, p 4-9, April 1987. AU - Knudson, MO AD - Environmental Protection Agency Dallas, TX. Region VI Y1 - 1987/04// PY - 1987 DA - Apr 1987 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Drinking water KW - Water quality management KW - Legislation KW - Environmental Protection Agency KW - Legal aspects KW - Law enforcement KW - Regulations KW - Safe Drinking Water Act KW - Water Quality Act KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18990994?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Water+Regulations+and+the+Direction+of+the+EPA&rft.au=Knudson%2C+MO&rft.aulast=Knudson&rft.aufirst=MO&rft.date=1987-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A cage for use with small aquatic animals in field studies. AN - 78061108; 3504889 JF - Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association AU - Goodman, L R AU - Cripe, G M AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Sabine Island, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561. Y1 - 1987/03// PY - 1987 DA - March 1987 SP - 109 EP - 110 VL - 3 IS - 1 SN - 8756-971X, 8756-971X KW - Pesticides KW - 0 KW - Water Pollutants KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Equipment Design KW - Cyprinidae KW - Crustacea KW - Water Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- toxicity KW - Housing, Animal KW - Pesticides -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78061108?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Mosquito+Control+Association&rft.atitle=A+cage+for+use+with+small+aquatic+animals+in+field+studies.&rft.au=Goodman%2C+L+R%3BCripe%2C+G+M&rft.aulast=Goodman&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1987-03-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=109&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Mosquito+Control+Association&rft.issn=8756971X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1989-01-27 N1 - Date created - 1989-01-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chemical of Current Interest-Benzene AN - 760216124; 13641387 AB - Benzene is one of the world's major commodity chemicals. It is derived from petroleum and coal and is used both as a solvent and as a starting material in chemical syntheses. The numerous indus trial uses of benzene over the last century need not be recounted here, but the most recent addition to the list of uses of benzene is as a component in a mixture of aromatic compounds added to gaso line for the purpose of replacing lead compounds as anti-knock ingredients. The best known and longest recognized toxic effect of benzene is the depression of bone marrow function seen in occupationally exposed individuals. These people have been found to display ane mia, leucopenia, and/or thrombocytopenia. When pancytopenia, i.e., the simultaneous depression of all three cell types, occurs and is accompanied by bone marrow necrosis, the syndrome is called aplastic anemia. In addition to observing this decrease in humans and relating it to benzene exposure, it has been possible to establish animal models which mimic the human disease. The result has been considerable scientific investigation into the mechanism of benzene toxicity. Although the association between benzene exposure and aplastic anemia has been recognized and accepted throughout most of this century, it is only recently that leukemia, particularly of the acute myelogenous type, has been related to benzene. The acceptance of benzene as an etiological agent in aplastic anemia in large measure derives from our ability to reproduce the disease in most animals treated with sufficiently high doses of benzene over the necessary time period. Unfortunately, despite extensive efforts in several laboratories, it has not been possible to establish a reproducible, reliable model for the study of benzene-induced leukemia. The recent demonstration that several animals exposed to benzene either by inhalation or in the drinking water during studies by Drs. B. Goldstein and C. Maltoni suggests that such a model may be forthcoming. Nevertheless, at this time it is not clear whether bone marrow damage of the type that leads to aplastic anemia is required for the development of leukemia. Most studies of benzene toxicity have involved dosing animals with benzene either by inhalation or by injection, using high doses to ensure a toxic response. Very few studies have concentrated on the oral route of administration and none have concentrated on admin istering benzene by mouth at the low doses occasionally detected in drinking water. Thus, the evaluation of benzene toxicity in this report takes advantage of the benzene literature as it currently exists and cannot directly answer the questions posed by the prob lem of benzene in drinking water, although it is known that ben zene can be absorbed via the GI tract. Nevertheless, there has not been a demonstation showing that bone marrow depression by benzene can be avoided by selecting an alternate route of adminis tration. The study will summarize the exposure of the population to ben zene with emphasis on exposure through water. The toxicology of benzene in animals will be reviewed and the problem of attempts to develop an animal model for benzene-induced leukemia will be covered. Emphasis will be given to a discussion of modern theories on the mechanism of benzene induced toxicity and the role played by benzene metabolism. A summary of studies of potential mutagenicity and teratogenicity is included. The extensive literature on both the toxicity and carcinogenicity effects of benzene in humans is described. Finally, a section on carcinogenic risk assess ment has been prepared. JF - Toxicology and Industrial Health AU - Marcus, William L AD - Office of Drinking Water Criteria and Standards Division U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC Y1 - 1987/03// PY - 1987 DA - Mar 1987 SP - 205 EP - 266 PB - Sage Publications Ltd., 6 Bonhill St. London EC2A 4PU UK VL - 3 IS - 1 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Inhalation KW - Mutagenicity KW - Depression KW - Solvents KW - Animal models KW - Bone marrow KW - Pancytopenia KW - Coal KW - Toxicity KW - Benzene KW - Leukemia KW - Necrosis KW - Aromatic compounds KW - Thrombocytopenia KW - Carcinogenicity KW - Petroleum KW - Reviews KW - Teratogenicity KW - Gastrointestinal tract KW - Mouth KW - Drinking water KW - Aplastic anemia KW - Metabolism KW - X 24350:Industrial Chemicals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/760216124?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Industrial+Health&rft.atitle=Chemical+of+Current+Interest-Benzene&rft.au=Marcus%2C+William+L&rft.aulast=Marcus&rft.aufirst=William&rft.date=1987-03-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=205&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Industrial+Health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F074823378700300108 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-10-01 N1 - Number of references - 262 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Inhalation; Mutagenicity; Depression; Bone marrow; Animal models; Solvents; Pancytopenia; Toxicity; Coal; Benzene; Leukemia; Necrosis; Thrombocytopenia; Aromatic compounds; Carcinogenicity; Reviews; Petroleum; Teratogenicity; Gastrointestinal tract; Aplastic anemia; Drinking water; Mouth; Metabolism DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074823378700300108 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Pentachloronitrobenzene AN - 760214780; 13641381 AB - Pure pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB) is a colorless crystalline solid (Worthing, 1983). The commercial product may have a light- yellow to cream color with a musty odor (Hartley and Kidd, 1983). It is practically insoluble in a number of organic solvents. The compound is reasonably stable but may undergo hydrolysis in a strong alkaline medium (Hartley and Kidd, 1983). In 1983, Olin Corp., Leland, MS, was the only manufacturer of PCNB in the United States (SRI, 1984; Hartley and Kidd, 1983). No data for U.S. production volume for this chemical are available, but recent production source data (USITC, 1985; SRI, 1985) suggest that this chemical is no longer commercially produced in the United States. The primary usage of PCNB is as a soil fungicide for a wide variety of crops and in seed treatment (Worthing, 1983; Hartley and Kidd, 1983). JF - Toxicology and Industrial Health AU - Choudhury, H AU - Coleman, J AU - Mink, F L AU - De Rosa, CT AU - Stara, J F AD - Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office Office of Health and Environmental Assessment U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, Ohio Y1 - 1987/03// PY - 1987 DA - Mar 1987 SP - 5 EP - 69 PB - Sage Publications Ltd., 6 Bonhill St. London EC2A 4PU UK VL - 3 IS - 1 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Data processing KW - Solvents KW - Odors KW - Hydrolysis KW - Crops KW - Color KW - Soil KW - Seed treatments KW - USA KW - Fungicides KW - Cream KW - Environmental effects KW - seed treatments KW - Odor KW - pentachloronitrobenzene KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - X 24350:Industrial Chemicals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/760214780?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Industrial+Health&rft.atitle=Health+and+Environmental+Effects+Profile+for+Pentachloronitrobenzene&rft.au=Choudhury%2C+H%3BColeman%2C+J%3BMink%2C+F+L%3BDe+Rosa%2C+CT%3BStara%2C+J+F&rft.aulast=Choudhury&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1987-03-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=5&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Industrial+Health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F074823378700300102 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-10-01 N1 - Number of references - 139 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Soil; Seed treatments; Data processing; Fungicides; Environmental effects; Cream; Solvents; Odor; pentachloronitrobenzene; Hydrolysis; Crops; Color; seed treatments; Odors; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074823378700300102 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Proliferative Hepatocellular Lesions of the Rat: Review and Future Use in Risk Assessment AN - 760214706; 13641385 AB - Abstract not available. JF - Toxicology and Industrial Health AU - Rinde, Esther AU - Hill, Richard AU - Chiu, Arthur AU - Haberman, Bernard AD - Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Washington, D.C Y1 - 1987/03// PY - 1987 DA - Mar 1987 SP - 145 EP - 166 PB - Sage Publications Ltd., 6 Bonhill St. London EC2A 4PU UK VL - 3 IS - 1 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Reviews KW - X 24350:Industrial Chemicals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/760214706?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Industrial+Health&rft.atitle=Proliferative+Hepatocellular+Lesions+of+the+Rat%3A+Review+and+Future+Use+in+Risk+Assessment&rft.au=Rinde%2C+Esther%3BHill%2C+Richard%3BChiu%2C+Arthur%3BHaberman%2C+Bernard&rft.aulast=Rinde&rft.aufirst=Esther&rft.date=1987-03-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=145&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Industrial+Health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F074823378700300106 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-10-01 N1 - Number of references - 65 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-09 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Risk assessment; Reviews DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074823378700300106 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Greenhouse Effect, Sea Level Rise, and Coastal Drainage Systems AN - 19010894; 8707196 AB - Increasing concentrations of carbon dioxide and other gases are expected to warm the earth several degrees in the next century, which would raise sea level a few feet and alter precipitation patterns. Both of these changes would have major impacts on the operation of coastal drainage systems. However, because sea level rise and climate change resulting from the greenhouse effect are still uncertain, most planners and engineers are ignoring the potential implications. Case studies of the potential impact on watersheds in Charleston, South Carolina, and Fort Walton Beach, Florida, suggest that the cost of designing a new system to accommodate a rise in sea level will sometimes be small compared with the retrofit cost that may ultimately be necessary if new systems are not designed for a rise. Rather than ignore the greenhouse effect until its consequences are firmly established, engineers and planners should evaluate whether it would be worthwhile to insure that new systems are not vulnerable to the risks of climate change and sea level rise. (Author 's abstract) JF - Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management (ASCE) JWRMD5 Vol. 113, No. 2, p 216-227, March 1987. 2 tab, 25 ref. AU - Titus, J G AU - Kuo, CY AU - Gibbs, MJ AU - LaRoche, T B AU - Webb, M K AD - Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC Y1 - 1987/03// PY - 1987 DA - Mar 1987 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Air pollution effects KW - Climatic effects KW - Coastal waters KW - Sea level KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Drainage systems KW - Watersheds KW - Case studies KW - Economic aspects KW - Costs KW - Climates KW - SW 2060:Effects on water of human nonwater activities KW - SW 4070:Ecological impact of water development KW - SW 0890:Estuaries UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19010894?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Greenhouse+Effect%2C+Sea+Level+Rise%2C+and+Coastal+Drainage+Systems&rft.au=Titus%2C+J+G%3BKuo%2C+CY%3BGibbs%2C+MJ%3BLaRoche%2C+T+B%3BWebb%2C+M+K&rft.aulast=Titus&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1987-03-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of intraspecific density on life history traits and population growth rate of Neanthes arenaceodentata (Polychaeta: Nereidae) in the laboratory. AN - 14826248; 1687423 AB - Density did not affect size (prior to pairing), percentage of worms paired, time to pairing, or size of mature paired males. Density did have a significant negative effect on survival, size of mature paired females, time to spawning, percentage of females that reproduced, and number of eggs per reproducing female. As density increased, mean survival was 90.0 , 80.8 and 74.0%; mean size of mature females was 52.2, 49.2 and 48.1 segments; mean time to spawning was 100.6, 102.4 and 109.4 d; and mean fecundity was 881, 622, and 598 eggs per female, for 1x, 2x and 4x treatments, respectively. JF - Marine biology. Berlin, Heidelberg AU - Pesch, CE AU - Zajac, R N AU - Whitlatch, R B AU - Balboni, MA AD - U.S.EPA, Environ. Res. Lab., S. Ferry Rd., Narragansett, RI 02882, USA Y1 - 1987/03// PY - 1987 DA - Mar 1987 SP - 545 EP - 554 VL - 96 IS - 4 SN - 0025-3162, 0025-3162 KW - effects on KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - population density KW - population growth KW - life history KW - Neanthes arenaceodentata KW - D 04657:Annelids UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14826248?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+biology.+Berlin%2C+Heidelberg&rft.atitle=Effect+of+intraspecific+density+on+life+history+traits+and+population+growth+rate+of+Neanthes+arenaceodentata+%28Polychaeta%3A+Nereidae%29+in+the+laboratory.&rft.au=Pesch%2C+CE%3BZajac%2C+R+N%3BWhitlatch%2C+R+B%3BBalboni%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Pesch&rft.aufirst=CE&rft.date=1987-03-01&rft.volume=96&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=545&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Marine+biology.+Berlin%2C+Heidelberg&rft.issn=00253162&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Neanthes arenaceodentata; population density; population growth; life history ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparisons of Laboratory Toxicity Test Results with Responses of Estuarine Animals Exposed to Fenthion in the Field AN - 19026258; 8806931 AB - Acute, lethal effects of fenthion (an organophosphate insecticide) on mysids (Mysidopsis bahia), grass shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio), pink shrimp (Penaeus duorarum) and sheepshead minnows (Cyprinodon variegatus) were determined in laboratory tests and after field applications. Exposures at four field sites ranged from short-term exposures (12 h or less) of rapidly decreasing fenthion concentrations to extended intervals (more than 72 h) with slowly increasing or decreasing fenthion concentrations. Laboratory-derived LC50s provided a reliable benchmark for predicting acute, lethal effects of fenthion on caged animals in the fields when exposures persisted for 24 h or more but overestimated the toxicity for exposures of less than 24 h. Laboratory pulse-exposure tests with rapidly changing concentrations for 12 h were predictive of the nonlethal and lethal effects observed for short-term field exposures. (Author 's abstract) JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry ETOCDK Vol. 6, No. 2, p 151-160, February 1987. 4 fig, 1 tab, 17 ref. AU - Clark, J J AU - Borthwick, P W AU - Goodman, L R AU - Patrick, J M AU - Moore, J C AD - Environmental Protection Agency Gulf Breeze, FL. Gulf Breeze Environmental Research Lab Y1 - 1987/02// PY - 1987 DA - Feb 1987 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Population exposure KW - Toxicity KW - Fenthion KW - Insecticides KW - Estuarine environment KW - Lethal limit KW - Shrimp KW - Minnows KW - Organic pesticides KW - Water pollution effects KW - Ecological effects KW - Pulse-exposure tests KW - Crustaceans KW - Fish KW - SW 3010:Identification of pollutants KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19026258?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Comparisons+of+Laboratory+Toxicity+Test+Results+with+Responses+of+Estuarine+Animals+Exposed+to+Fenthion+in+the+Field&rft.au=Clark%2C+J+J%3BBorthwick%2C+P+W%3BGoodman%2C+L+R%3BPatrick%2C+J+M%3BMoore%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1987-02-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of a Pulsed Bed Filter for Filtration of Municipal Primary Effluent AN - 19012742; 8707096 AB - Five operating procedures of a pulsed bed filter were varied to note the effect on performance: a higher number of pulses (25 versus 5); longer time between pulses (10 minutes versus 2.5 minutes); smaller detergent volume (7% versus 25%); less frequent cleaning (every other day versus everyday); and lower surface loading rate (SLR) (80 versus 160 L/sq m/min) were found to be better. SLR had the most noticeable effect on performance; time between pulses had the next most noticeable effect. Performance ranged widely, but means were: total suspended solids, chemical oxygen demand, and turbidity removals of 62, 26 , and 48%, respectively, filter runs of 3.3 hours; ratio of backwash-water-pumped-volume of 26%; and ratio of backwash-water-wasted to influent volume of 6.2%. Because the values range so widely, care must be taken in picking a design value, or pilot studies must be made. Operation of the filter was generally reliable; however, the filter had to be routinely cleaned or failure, caused by excessive biological slime buildup , cementing of the sand bed, or excessive sand loss, was possible. (Author 's abstract) JF - Journal - Water Pollution Control Federation JWPFA5 Vol. 59, No. 2, p 72-78, February 1987. 2 fig, 8 tab, 15 ref. AU - Brown, D S AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab Y1 - 1987/02// PY - 1987 DA - Feb 1987 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Wastewater treatment KW - Filtration KW - Pulsed bed filters KW - Primary wastewater treatment KW - Filters KW - Performance evaluation KW - Detergents KW - Cleaning KW - Load distribution KW - Suspended solids KW - Chemical oxygen demand KW - Turbidity KW - Backwash KW - Effluents KW - Municipal wastewater KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19012742?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+a+Pulsed+Bed+Filter+for+Filtration+of+Municipal+Primary+Effluent&rft.au=Brown%2C+D+S&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1987-02-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Treatment of Water from Contaminated Wells AN - 19079254; 8902212 AB - The Drinking Water Research Division (DWRD) of EPA is responsible for evaluating the various types of technologies that might be used to meet the MCLs promulgated under the Safe Drinking Water Act and its Amendments. Because the source water for many utilities in the United States is groundwater, DWRD is especially concerned about conducting bench-, pilot- and field-scale studies on technologies that effectively treat groundwater. Technologies being examined are carbon adsorption, aeration, ion exchange, reverse osmosis, ozone oxidation, and ultraviolet light, some at the field scale and others at the bench and pilot scales. Carbon adsorption appears to provide removal for a wide range of organics whereas conventional treatment is revealed as a poor treatment for those compounds listed in the table. Packed tower aeration manifests itself as an excellent technology for volatile organic compounds and may have application for a limited number of pesticides. Ozone oxidation appears to be a good treatment technology for certain classes of organics such as simple alkenes and aromatics as well as certain similar, but more complex organic structures. Although only a few organics have been subjected to long-term testing via reverse osmosis, promising removals for several low molecular weight organics can be seen. (See also W89-02196) (Lantz-PTT) JF - Rural Groundwater Contamination. Lewis Publishers, Inc., Chelsea , Michigan 1987. p 235-251, 4 tab, 25 ref. AU - Feige, WA AU - Clark, R M AU - Lykins, B W AU - Fronk, CA AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH. Drinking Water Research Div Y1 - 1987 PY - 1987 DA - 1987 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Water treatment KW - Groundwater quality KW - Groundwater pollution KW - Adsorption KW - Activated carbon KW - Aeration KW - Ion exchange KW - Reverse osmosis KW - Ozonation KW - Oxidation KW - Ultraviolet radiation KW - Volatile organics KW - Pesticides KW - Organic compounds KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19079254?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Treatment+of+Water+from+Contaminated+Wells&rft.au=Feige%2C+WA%3BClark%2C+R+M%3BLykins%2C+B+W%3BFronk%2C+CA&rft.aulast=Feige&rft.aufirst=WA&rft.date=1987-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - QUAL2E - A Case Study in Water Quality Modeling Software AN - 19062626; 8903718 AB - The series of computer programs known as QUAL-II has a long history in systems analysis in water quality management. The continuing cycle of testing and refinement of the computer program accounts for its many strengths as most of the weaknesses have been uncovered in this process. In its current release, called QUAL2E, the computer program represents the state-of-the-art in a general-purpose steady-state water quality simulation model. The Environmental Protection Agency is using the program as a vehicle for demonstrating systems analysis techniques, including uncertainty analysis methodologies to aid model calibration and gain insights into predictive ability and expert systems technology to develop an intelligent user interface. (See also W89-03679) (Author 's abstract) JF - Systems Analysis in Water Quality Management. Pergamon Press New York. 1987. p 377-387, 5 fig, 18 ref. AU - Barnwell, TO AU - Brown, L C AU - Whittemore, R C AD - Environmental Protection Agency Athens, GA Y1 - 1987 PY - 1987 DA - 1987 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Computer models KW - Water quality KW - Computer programs KW - Systems analysis KW - Water quality management KW - Model studies KW - Computers KW - Simulation KW - Calibrations KW - Sensitivity analysis KW - Fortran KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - SW 4010:Techniques of planning UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19062626?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=QUAL2E+-+A+Case+Study+in+Water+Quality+Modeling+Software&rft.au=Barnwell%2C+TO%3BBrown%2C+L+C%3BWhittemore%2C+R+C&rft.aulast=Barnwell&rft.aufirst=TO&rft.date=1987-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interaction between Water Quality, Environmental Legislation, and Economics in a Hypothetical River Basin AN - 19050173; 8903698 AB - Water quality, environmental legislation, and economic priorities are considered to interact with an ecosystem in a hypothetical river basin. The dynamics of this ecosystem are analyzed using the DYNAMO system language. Nonlinear interactions between the subsystems lead to oscillatory behavior , but the long-term system state is primarily a function of the level of growth. Although the model results are quantitative, its primary utility is for the qualitative assessment of the way in which these feedback relationships and time delays affect environmental (water) quality. No attempt has been made to calibrate or verify the model. Assuming that it does represent important features of water quality planning, it has a number of valuable applications. It is concluded that policies should be developed regarding growth rates, since the effect of growth eventually dominates the results. For those concerned with the development of monitoring and analysis programs, the model provides a means of assessing the value of improved measurement and analysis techniques. (See also W89-03679) (Doria-PTT) JF - Systems Analysis in Water Quality Management. Pergamon Press New York. 1987. p 195-200, 2 fig, 1 tab, 2 ref. AU - Yearsley, J R AD - Environmental Protection Agency Seattle, WA. Region X Y1 - 1987 PY - 1987 DA - 1987 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Systems analysis KW - Water quality KW - Legislation KW - Economic aspects KW - Water quality management KW - Environmental policy KW - Model studies KW - Basins KW - Catchment areas KW - Costs KW - Political constraints KW - River basins KW - Calibrations KW - SW 5010:Network design KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - SW 4010:Techniques of planning UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19050173?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Interaction+between+Water+Quality%2C+Environmental+Legislation%2C+and+Economics+in+a+Hypothetical+River+Basin&rft.au=Yearsley%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Yearsley&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1987-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hybrid Receptor Models AN - 19034262; 8808447 AB - A hybrid receptor model is defined as a specified mathematical procedure which uses not only the ambient species concentration measurements that form the input data for a pure receptor model, but in addition source emission rates or atmospheric dispersion or transformation information characteristic of dispersion models. By utilizing more information, hybrid receptor modeling promises improved source apportionment estimates or, more fundamentally, consideration of problems that are inaccessible in terms of classical receptor modeling. Several examples of hybrid receptor modeling are reviewed, emphasizing the great variety in possible approaches, and in the choice of input versus output quantities. A simple illustration is given of a hybrid receptor model applied to the comprehensive ambient-source-meteorological data base collected at Deep Creek Lake, Maryland during summer 1983. (See also W88-08442) (Author 's abstract) JF - The Chemistry of Acid Rain: Sources of Atmospheric Processes. American Chemical Society, Washington DC. 1987. p 58-65, 3 tab, 10 ref. AU - Lewis, C W AU - Stevens, R K AD - Environmental Protection Agency Research Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab Y1 - 1987 PY - 1987 DA - 1987 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Chemistry of precipitation KW - Model studies KW - Mathematical models KW - Receptor models KW - Air pollution KW - Acid rain KW - Data interpretation KW - Meteorological data collection KW - Sulfates KW - Sulfur KW - Selenium KW - Lead KW - Model testing KW - Deep Creek Lake MD KW - SW 0880:Chemical processes KW - SW 5080:Evaluation, processing and publication KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19034262?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Hybrid+Receptor+Models&rft.au=Lewis%2C+C+W%3BStevens%2C+R+K&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1987-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - North American and European Experience with Biological Toilets AN - 19027454; 8803714 AB - A history of North American and European experience with biological toilets is provided. The early use of these devices in Scandinavia was to solve a specific problem, that of providing a low-cost solution for disposing of human wastes from recreational cabins. Because of their environmental attractiveness their popularity increased rapidly and their marketing area was widened to include year-round use. These same factors resulted in closer scrutiny by both Scandanavian and American agencies in the form of controlled and field testing programs. The results of these tests have been improved designs and understanding of the viable applications of these devices, which are significantly more limited than first implied. In essence, biological toilets are, like any other technology, a tool which has a certain limited applicability, and like any other waste management tool, is an appropriate choice where septic tank-soil absorption systems are not feasible and simpler latrine systems are not desirable or acceptable. They share this portion of the market with such devices as incinerating toilets, which are more energy-intensive and expensive to operate and provide no opportunity for nutrient recycling. (Author 's abstract) JF - Water Science and Technology WSTED4 Vol. 18, No. 7/8, p 95-102, 1987. 22 ref. AU - Kreissl, J F AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab Y1 - 1987 PY - 1987 DA - 1987 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Pollution control KW - Water pollution control KW - Solid waste disposal KW - Waste disposal KW - Biological toilets KW - Solid wastes KW - Domestic wastes KW - Toilets KW - SW 3050:Ultimate disposal of wastes KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19027454?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=North+American+and+European+Experience+with+Biological+Toilets&rft.au=Kreissl%2C+J+F&rft.aulast=Kreissl&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1987-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of an Algal-Microcrustacean Polyculture System for Domestic Wastewater Treatment AN - 19026910; 8807325 AB - Domestic wastes were treated in a polyculture system consisting of an anaerobic pond, an algae pond, and zooplankton pond with the goal of using the zooplankton as animal feed. Scenedesmus sp. and Daphnia sp. were introduced into the algal and zooplankton ponds, respectively. The best operational performance was obtained when the zooplankton pond was operated with a semicontinuous flow system, with 50% of the zooplankton pond water being renewed with effluent from the algae pond every 2 or 3 days. Under these conditions, Daphnia productivity reached 35 mg/liter (dry weight), corresponding to 700 kg per day produced from wastes of a city of 100,000 inhabitants. Removal efficiencies were BOD, 95-97%; total N, 42-59%; and total P, 37-48%. Algal removal in the zooplankton pond was 99.99 % efficient. (Cassar-PTT) JF - Water Science and Technology WSTED4 Vol. 19, No. 12, p 65-70, 1987. 3 fig, 2 tab, 5 ref. AU - Kawai, H AU - Jureidini, P AU - Conceicao Neto, J AU - Motter AU - Rossetto, R AD - Research Department CETESB (Sao Paulo Environmental Protection Agency). Av. Prof. Frederico Hermann Junior, 345, 05459, Sao Paulo-SP, Brazil Y1 - 1987 PY - 1987 DA - 1987 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Wastewater treatment KW - Stabilization ponds KW - Ponds KW - Biological wastewater treatment KW - Anaerobic lagoons KW - Aquaculture KW - Algae KW - Crustaceans KW - Daphnia KW - Zooplankton KW - Animal feed KW - Polyculture KW - Stabilization lagoons KW - Biological oxygen demand KW - Nitrogen KW - Phosphorus KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19026910?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Use+of+an+Algal-Microcrustacean+Polyculture+System+for+Domestic+Wastewater+Treatment&rft.au=Kawai%2C+H%3BJureidini%2C+P%3BConceicao+Neto%2C+J%3BMotter%3BRossetto%2C+R&rft.aulast=Kawai&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1987-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - National Dioxin Study AN - 19020470; 8808434 AB - This report presents the results of EPA 's two-year, nationwide investigation of potential 2,3,7,8-TCDD (dioxin) contamination. The EPA established seven categories (tiers) of study ranging from the most probable contamination to the least. The majority of dioxin contamination at Tier 1, 1a, 2 and 2a sites remained on-site. Some 2,3,7,8-TCDD concentrations were as high as 356 ppm. Most sites, however, had TCDD levels in soil in the ppb range. In fish samples from nearby lakes and streams, 2,3,7 ,8-TCDD was measured in terms of ppt. Only two Tier 3 sites were extensively contaminated, with the extent of contamination limited to one or two soil samples above 1 ppb. Dioxins (CDDs) and furans (CDFs) were present in stack emissions from all sources tested in Tier 4 and most of the combustion sources reported in the literature. CDD and CDF emissions from some sources have estimated risks to the most exposed individual of 10 to the minus 5th power or more; these sources include a secondary copper smelting facility, a sewage sludge incinerator, and some municipal incinerators. At Tier 5 pastureland, rice field, and sugarcane sites, 2,3,7,8-TCDD levels in contaminated soils ranged from 0.6 to 564 ppt, with 67% below 5 ppt; levels in fish filets were between 8 and 23 ppt. At the three Tier 6 regionally selected sites, none was extensively contaminated. At one site, however, groundwater contamination was found at the 0.07-0.10 ppt level in three samples. The Tier 7 investigation established the prevalence of 2,3,7,8-TCDD in the environment: 2 ,3,7,8-TCDD was detected infrequently and at very low levels in background soil samples with the highest level being 11.2 ppt. (See also W88-08431) (Author 's abstract) JF - Solving Hazardous Waste Problems: Learning from Dioxins. American Chemical Society, Washington DC. 1987. p 34-53, 1 fig, 4 tab, 10 ref. AU - des Rosiers, PE AD - Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC Y1 - 1987 PY - 1987 DA - 1987 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Fate of pollutants KW - Dioxins KW - Contamination KW - Path of pollutants KW - Comprehensive planning KW - Administrative regulations KW - Environmental policy KW - Data acquisition KW - Chemical wastes KW - Hazardous wastes KW - Soil analysis KW - Fish KW - Spatial distribution KW - Distribution patterns KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19020470?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=National+Dioxin+Study&rft.au=des+Rosiers%2C+PE&rft.aulast=des+Rosiers&rft.aufirst=PE&rft.date=1987-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risk From Exposure To Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins and Dibenzofurans Emitted From Municipal Incinerators AN - 1777168978; 13511019 AB - Incineration of wastes seems to be one of the major sources of PCDDs and PCDFs (dioxins). Their prevalence and extreme stability in the environment, bioavailability and bioaccumulation in the biota and human adipose tissues and breast milk are of much concern. 2,3,7,8-TCDD is one of the most toxic chemicals known and has been found to have teratogenic and carcinogenic activities in animals. Exposure to TCDD can result in chloracne, general weakness, drastic weight loss, hyperpigmentation of skin, hirsutism, porphyria cutanea tarda, liver damage, changes in activities of various liver enzymatic levels, abnormal lipid metabolism, abnormalities of the endocrine and immune systems, and possible teratogenic effects in humans. Moreover, chronic bioassay data indicate that TCDD is one of the most potent carcinogens known. It promotes liver and skin carcinogeneses, and is an initiator for various target organs in rodent test systems. There is only a limited number of human epi-studies on carcinogenic outcome as a result of exposure to TCDD in isolated population.According to the classification system of the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), the qualitative evidence for carcinogenicity of TCDD is considered to be "sufficient" in animals and "inadequate" in humans. Consequently, this chemical has been placed in IARC's 2B category. A modification of the multistage model is utilized for extrapolating high-dose, two-year animal cancer bioassay data to estimate human cancer risk for long-term, low-dose human exposure. The upper limit of incremental cancer risk is 3.3 x 10-5 for a continuous lifetime exposure to 1 pg m super(-3) of TCDD in ambient air. With the exception of 2,3,7,8-TCDD and a mixture of 1,2,3,6,7,8- and 1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDDs, the chronic toxicity data on the rest of the 75 PCDD and 135 PCDF congeners are badly deficient. In the absence of chronic bioassay data on other PCDDs and PCDFs, several TCDD equivalent approaches have been proposed for risk assessment on other congeners or mixtures. This paper compares the various approaches. JF - Waste Management & Research AU - Mukerjee, Debdas AU - Cleverly, David H AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH 45268, U.S.A Y1 - 1987///0, PY - 1987 DA - 0, 1987 SP - 269 EP - 283 PB - Sage Publications Ltd., 6 Bonhill St. London EC2A 4PU UK VL - 5 IS - 1 SN - 0734-242X, 0734-242X KW - Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); CSA / ASCE Civil Engineering Abstracts (CE) KW - Dioxins KW - TCDD KW - TCDF KW - municipal incineration KW - health risk KW - isomer equivalents. KW - Risk KW - Animals KW - Human KW - Liver KW - Congeners KW - Carcinogens KW - Cancer KW - Bioassay UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1777168978?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Waste+Management+%26+Research&rft.atitle=Risk+From+Exposure+To+Polychlorinated+Dibenzo-p-Dioxins+and+Dibenzofurans+Emitted+From+Municipal+Incinerators&rft.au=Mukerjee%2C+Debdas%3BCleverly%2C+David+H&rft.aulast=Mukerjee&rft.aufirst=Debdas&rft.date=1987-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=269&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Waste+Management+%26+Research&rft.issn=0734242X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F0734242X8700500139 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-18 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242X8700500139 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Innovative technologies get super-funds. AN - 14777327; 1632087 AB - The goal of the Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE) program is to maximize use of alternatives to land disposal in cleaning up Superfund sites. SITE also was created to encourage development and demonstration of new treatment and monitoring technologies. The SITE program's objectives include: identify and remove impediments to development and commercial use of alternative treatment technologies; demonstrate at full scale the more promising innovative technologies to establish reliable performance and cost information; develop procedures and policies encouraging use of alternative treatment technologies for Superfund site cleanup; and accelerate and promote development of promising, innovative technologies not yet ready for full-scale demonstration. JF - Waste Age AU - Skinner, J H AD - U.S. EPA, Off. Environ. Eng. and Technol., Washington, DC, USA Y1 - 1987 PY - 1987 DA - 1987 VL - 18 IS - 10 SN - 0043-1001, 0043-1001 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - technology KW - Superfund KW - environmental protection KW - cleaning process KW - disposal sites KW - H SE3.5:STANDARDS, LAWS, REGULATIONS, AND POLICY KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14777327?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Waste+Age&rft.atitle=Innovative+technologies+get+super-funds.&rft.au=Skinner%2C+J+H&rft.aulast=Skinner&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1987-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=75%2B&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Waste+Age&rft.issn=00431001&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - cleaning process; disposal sites; technology; Superfund; environmental protection ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pyrethroid insecticides and radioligand displacement from the GABA receptor chloride ionophore complex. AN - 14740717; 1604527 AB - Radioligand binding displacement studies were conducted to determine the effects of Type I and II pyrethroids on ( super(3)H)flunitrazepam (FLU), ( super(3)H)muscimol (MUS), and ( super(35)S)t-butylbicyclo-phosphorothionate (TBPS) binding. Competition experiments with ( super(3)H)FLU and ( super(3)H)MUS indicate a lack of competition for binding by the pyrethroids. Type I pyrethroids failed to compete for the binding of ( super(35)S)TBPS at concentrations as high as 50 mu M. Type II pyrethroids inhibited ( super(35)S)TBPS binding to rat brain synaptosomes with K sub(i) values ranging from 5-10 mu M. The data presented here suggest that the interaction of Type II pyrethroids with the gamma -aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor-ionophore complex is restricted to a site near the TBPS/picrotoxinin binding site. JF - Toxicology Letters AU - Crofton, K M AU - Reiter, L W AU - Mailman, R B AD - Neurotoxicol. Div., Health Eff. Res. Lab., U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1987 PY - 1987 DA - 1987 SP - 183 EP - 190 VL - 35 IS - 2-3 SN - 0378-4274, 0378-4274 KW - receptors KW - ionophores KW - complex KW - pyrethroids KW - rats KW - gamma -aminobutyric acid KW - chloride KW - brain KW - insecticides KW - neurotoxicity KW - synaptosomes KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 1: Biological Membranes (till 1993); CSA Neurosciences Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - N3 11104:Mammals (except primates) KW - X 24135:Biochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14740717?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+Letters&rft.atitle=Pyrethroid+insecticides+and+radioligand+displacement+from+the+GABA+receptor+chloride+ionophore+complex.&rft.au=Crofton%2C+K+M%3BReiter%2C+L+W%3BMailman%2C+R+B&rft.aulast=Crofton&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1987-01-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=183&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+Letters&rft.issn=03784274&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - insecticides; neurotoxicity; brain; synaptosomes ER - TY - CONF T1 - Routine emissions and accidental releases of toxic air pollutants - risk, response and planning. AN - 14724961; 1582500 AB - General information on the strategies employed to address air toxics problems and a variety of activities on air toxics that are currentl underway within the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency are outlined. To provide some perspective and understanding of the air toxics programs within the U.S Environmental Protection Agency, aspects of the air toxics strategy, ongoing programs for routine emissions and programs for both responding to and planning for accidental releases are described. JF - Solar Cells AU - Zaragoza, L J Y1 - 1987 PY - 1987 DA - 1987 SP - 315 EP - 324 VL - 19 IS - 3-4 KW - air pollutants KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - toxic materials KW - emission control KW - EPA KW - accidents KW - H SE3.20:AIR POLLUTION/AIR QUALITY KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14724961?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Solar+Cells&rft.atitle=Routine+emissions+and+accidental+releases+of+toxic+air+pollutants+-+risk%2C+response+and+planning.&rft.au=Zaragoza%2C+L+J&rft.aulast=Zaragoza&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1987-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=315&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Solar+Cells&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Glutathione peroxidase and glutathione transferase activity in rat lung and liver following cadmium inhalation. AN - 14690533; 1554974 AB - A 2-h inhalation exposure to 4.6 mg Cd/m super(3) decreased pulmonary total glutathione peroxidase (GSH Px) activity and non-selenium peroxidase (GSH non-Se-Px) activity but had no effect on GSH selenium peroxidase (Se-Px) activity. Seventy-two hours after exposure there was an increase in total GSH Px and GSH-Se-Px activity and a decrease in GSH non-Se-Px activity. Exposure to 0.44 mg Cd/m super(3) for 2 h caused no effect on GSH Se-Px at either 0 or 72 post exposure, but total GSH Px and GSH non-Se-Px activities were decreased up to 72 h post exposure. Exposure to 4.6 mg Cd/m super(3) caused an increase in hepatic GSH Se-Px activity 72 h post exposure, but not other significant changes were observed in the liver. Changes in GSH non-Se-Px activity did not relate to changes in GSH transferase (Tr) activity. JF - Toxicology AU - Grose, E C AU - Richards, J H AU - Jaskot, R H AU - Menache, M G AU - Graham, JA AU - Dauterman, W C AD - U.S. EPA, Health Eff. Res. Lab., Toxicol. Branch, MD-82, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1987 PY - 1987 DA - 1987 SP - 171 EP - 179 VL - 44 IS - 2 SN - 0300-483X, 0300-483X KW - inhalation KW - activity KW - cadmium KW - glutathione peroxidase KW - glutathione transferase KW - rats KW - heavy metals KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - lung KW - liver KW - X 24165:Biochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14690533?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology&rft.atitle=Glutathione+peroxidase+and+glutathione+transferase+activity+in+rat+lung+and+liver+following+cadmium+inhalation.&rft.au=Grose%2C+E+C%3BRichards%2C+J+H%3BJaskot%2C+R+H%3BMenache%2C+M+G%3BGraham%2C+JA%3BDauterman%2C+W+C&rft.aulast=Grose&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1987-01-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=171&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology&rft.issn=0300483X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - lung; liver ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A model of the regional uptake of gaseous pollutants in the lung: II. The sensitivity of ozone uptake in laboratory animal lungs to anatomical and ventilatory parameters. AN - 14674633; 1546009 AB - An O sub(3) dosimetry model is used to simulate the local absorption of O sub(3) in the lower respiratory tract of rats and guinea pigs. The model takes into account lower respiratory tract anatomy, transport in the lumen and air spaces, and transport and chemical reactions in the mucous and surfactant layers and in the underlying tissue and capillaries. For each species two anatomical models were used to investigate their influence in predicting absorption. Results with all four anatomical models and various ventilatory parameters showed a qualitative similarity in the shape of the dose versus airway number curves but significant differences in predicted percentage total and percentage pulmonary uptake. The percentage uptake was also sensitive to breathing frequency and tidal volume. Rat lobe models were used to study absorption in lobes and show that O sub(3) tissue dose in centriacinar regions decreases with increasing distance from the trachea. The effect on results of values used for functional residual capacity and of values used for the chemical rate constants for O sub(3) reactions in mucous were explored. Results differed quantitatively but not qualitatively. JF - Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology AU - Overton, J H AU - Graham, R C AU - Miller, F J AD - Toxicol. Branch, MD-82, Inhal. Toxicol. Div., Health Eff. Res. Lab., U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1987 PY - 1987 DA - 1987 SP - 418 EP - 432 VL - 88 IS - 3 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - uptake KW - function KW - effects on KW - guinea-pigs KW - guinea pigs KW - ozone KW - rats KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - lung KW - X 24222:Analytical procedures KW - H SM9.31:INHALATION INJURIES KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14674633?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=A+model+of+the+regional+uptake+of+gaseous+pollutants+in+the+lung%3A+II.+The+sensitivity+of+ozone+uptake+in+laboratory+animal+lungs+to+anatomical+and+ventilatory+parameters.&rft.au=Overton%2C+J+H%3BGraham%2C+R+C%3BMiller%2C+F+J&rft.aulast=Overton&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1987-01-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=418&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - ozone; lung; rats ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of chlordimeform on heart rate and body temperature of unanesthetized, unrestrained rats. AN - 14667975; 1523449 AB - Heart rate (HR) and body core temperature (Tco) were monitored in unanesthetized, unrestrained adult Sprague-Dawley rats following intraperitoneal administration of 0, 10, 30, or 60 mg/kg of the pesticide chlordimeform (CDM). significant non-dose-related decreases were observed in both HR and Tco in all treated groups. Although similar in character, the HR response observed in the present study was of a lesser magnitude than that which was reported in previous studies from this laboratory using anesthetized animals in which Tco was maintained at control levels. It is proposed that the attenuation of the toxic response seen in the present study may be causally related to the concomitant decrease in Tco. JF - Toxicology Letters AU - Watkinson, W P AU - Gordon, C J AD - US EPA, Health Eff. Res. Lab., Inhalation Toxicol. Div., Toxicol. Branch, MD-82, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1987 PY - 1987 DA - 1987 SP - 209 EP - 216 VL - 35 IS - 2-3 SN - 0378-4274, 0378-4274 KW - effects on KW - temperature KW - chlordimeform KW - rats KW - pesticides (organochlorine) KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - heart rate KW - X 24131:Acute exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14667975?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+Letters&rft.atitle=Effects+of+chlordimeform+on+heart+rate+and+body+temperature+of+unanesthetized%2C+unrestrained+rats.&rft.au=Watkinson%2C+W+P%3BGordon%2C+C+J&rft.aulast=Watkinson&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1987-01-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=209&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+Letters&rft.issn=03784274&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - heart rate ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Monday morning quarterbacks. AN - 14635831; 1500499 AB - The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Environmental Response Team (ERT) was established in October 1978 to provide technical assistance to On-Scene Coordinators (OSC), Regional Response Teams (RRT), EPA Headquarters, and Regional Offices, as well as other United States and foreign governmental agencies in the area of emergency environmental issues such as chemical spills and uncontrolled hazardous waste sites. This paper briefly describes some of the more interesting learning experiences shared by the authors on various response activities. Although this paper is technical in nature, the subject is approached from the lighter side. The theme of each experience will be either occupational health and safety or air monitoring; and it will include such activities as train derailments, hazardous waste sites, and a malathion fire in Sri Lanka. JF - Spill Technology Newsletter AU - Turpin, R D AU - Campagna, PR AD - U.S. EPA, Environ. Response Team, Edison, NJ 08837, USA Y1 - 1987 PY - 1987 DA - 1987 SP - 5 EP - 11 VL - 12 IS - 1 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - air quality KW - hazardous materials KW - EPA KW - occupational health KW - disposal sites KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14635831?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Spill+Technology+Newsletter&rft.atitle=Monday+morning+quarterbacks.&rft.au=Turpin%2C+R+D%3BCampagna%2C+PR&rft.aulast=Turpin&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1987-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=5&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Spill+Technology+Newsletter&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - hazardous materials; EPA; disposal sites; air quality; occupational health ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lung cancer and indoor air pollution in Xuan Wei, China. AN - 14581625; 1451631 AB - In Xuan Wei County, Yunnan Province, lung cancer mortality is among China's highest and, especially in females, is more closely associated with indoor burning of "smoky" coal, as opposed to wood or "smokeless" coal, than with tobacco smoking. Indoor air samples were collected during the burning of all three fuels. In contrast to wood and smokeless coal emissions, smoky coal emission has high concentrations of submicron particles containing mutagenic organics, especially in aromatic and polar fractions. These studies suggested an etiologic link between domestic smoky coal burning and lung cancer in Xuan Wei. JF - Science (Washington) AU - Mumford, J L AU - He, X Z AU - Chapman, R S AU - Cao AU - Harris, D B AU - Li, X M AU - Xian, Y L AU - Jiang, W Z AU - Xu, C W AD - U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1987 PY - 1987 DA - 1987 SP - 217 EP - 220 VL - 235 IS - 4785 SN - 0036-8075, 0036-8075 KW - People's Republic of China KW - carcinoma KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - air pollution KW - coal KW - smoke KW - lung KW - China, People's Rep. KW - cancer KW - H SE3.20:AIR POLLUTION/AIR QUALITY KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - X 24156:Environmental impact KW - H SM10.21:CANCER KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14581625?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science+%28Washington%29&rft.atitle=Lung+cancer+and+indoor+air+pollution+in+Xuan+Wei%2C+China.&rft.au=Mumford%2C+J+L%3BHe%2C+X+Z%3BChapman%2C+R+S%3BCao%3BHarris%2C+D+B%3BLi%2C+X+M%3BXian%2C+Y+L%3BJiang%2C+W+Z%3BXu%2C+C+W&rft.aulast=Mumford&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1987-01-01&rft.volume=235&rft.issue=4785&rft.spage=217&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Science+%28Washington%29&rft.issn=00368075&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - China, People's Rep.; lung; cancer; air pollution; smoke; coal; carcinoma ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimating soil water content using cokriging AN - 13804574; 198703162 AB - The geostatistical method of cokriging was used to arrive at estimates of gravimetric moisture content using additional random functions (bare soil surface temperature and the percent sand content). The related semivariograms and cross-semivariograms, and the sample correlation between the gravimetric moisture content and auxiliary functions, were obtained. The estimates obtained by kriging and cokriging were compared with respect to quality, based on sample correlation and whether or not the auxiliary random functions were over-sampled relative to gravimetric moisture content. It was concluded that the greater complexity of cokriging might be worthwhile when the magnitude of the sample correlation exceeded 0.5 and the auxiliary functions were over-sampled relative to the gravimetric moisture content. JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Yates AU - Warrick, A W AD - U.S. EPA, Ada, Okla. Y1 - 1987 PY - 1987 DA - 1987 SP - 23 EP - 29 VL - 51 IS - 1 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - Naked KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13804574?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Estimating+soil+water+content+using+cokriging&rft.au=Yates%3BWarrick%2C+A+W&rft.aulast=Yates&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1987-01-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=23&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of a vacuum filtration technique to study leaching of indigenous viruses from raw wastewater sludge AN - 13802889; 198704605 AB - Experiments were carried out on the extent to which viruses might be leached from sludge applied to land and cause groundwater contamination. The relative efficiencies of buffered beef-extract solution, secondary sewage effluent, and distilled water for leaching viruses from a raw primary sludge were investigated under conditions simulating natural field conditions, with vacuum-assisted vertical percolation of the liquid through layers of sludge retained in Buchner funnels. The highest calculated efficiency of viral leaching was obtained with the beef-extract solution, and amounted to only about 3 per cent. This suggested that most of the viruses present in sewage sludges would remain associated with the sludge solids following land disposal. An equation is included which could be used to compare the relative amounts of leachable viruses present in raw sludge samples prior to land disposal. JF - Water Research AU - Hurst, C J AU - Brashear, DA AD - U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio Y1 - 1987 PY - 1987 DA - 1987 SP - 809 EP - 812 VL - 21 IS - 7 SN - 0043-1354, 0043-1354 KW - Modelling (-general-) KW - Viruses (-general-) (see also individ grps below) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00006:Sewage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13802889?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Research&rft.atitle=Use+of+a+vacuum+filtration+technique+to+study+leaching+of+indigenous+viruses+from+raw+wastewater+sludge&rft.au=Hurst%2C+C+J%3BBrashear%2C+DA&rft.aulast=Hurst&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1987-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=809&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Research&rft.issn=00431354&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Automatic bottle sampling mechanisms for sequential sampling of volatile organics in water AN - 13800220; 198704704 AB - Two automatic bottle sealing mechanisms designed to minimize the loss of volatile organic compounds during sampling from water were described and evaluated. The Slide-Vane cap adaptor was based on a latch mechanism with a trip rod, while the Trap-Spring mechanism incorporated a loaded spring and trigger wire. In repetitive purge and trap analyses of 11 volatile organic compounds, mean recoveries were 60 per cent at room temperature without capping, 63 to 74 per cent at 4C without capping and nearly 100 per cent with automatic capping. Sequential sampling experiments with the sealing mechanisms installed in a slightly modified commercially available peristaltic pump showed that there was no significant loss of volatile organic compounds after 24 h. JF - Water Resources Bulletin AU - Ho, JSY AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio Y1 - 1987 PY - 1987 DA - 1987 SP - 509 EP - 513 VL - 23 IS - 3 SN - 0043-1370, 0043-1370 KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13800220?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Automatic+bottle+sampling+mechanisms+for+sequential+sampling+of+volatile+organics+in+water&rft.au=Ho%2C+JSY&rft.aulast=Ho&rft.aufirst=JSY&rft.date=1987-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=509&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Bulletin&rft.issn=00431370&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risk assessment in environmental policy-making AN - 13793448; S198927295 AB - The U.S. EPA made use of quantitative risk assessment to set priorities, to adjust national regulations to the degree and distribution of the risk to be controlled, and to make site-specific decisions which considered the nature of the pollutant, the sensitivity of the environmental setting and the availability of control techniques. Risk assessment has been criticized as a method which attempted use scientific evidence and techniques in the context of legal and administrative procedure and therefore failed to satisfy either scientists or legal experts. The U.S. EPA see risk assessment as an important contribution towards environmental policy making particularly in preventing the risk to human health of the effects of toxic chemicals. The 4 steps, hazard assessment, dose response assessment, exposure assessment, and risk characterization are described. Risk assessment compared favourably with the best available technology (BAT) approach previously used by the EPA. BAT involved removing the greatest possible amount of pollution without causing widespread economic hardship to individual firms but did not tend to deal with transfer of risk to other media. JF - Science AU - Russell, M AU - Gruber, M AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. Y1 - 1987 PY - 1987 DA - 1987 SP - 286 EP - 290 VL - 236 IS - 4799 KW - U.s. environmental protection agency KW - Media KW - Scientists KW - Pollution (s/a contamination, individ grps below) KW - Hazard KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13793448?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Risk+assessment+in+environmental+policy-making&rft.au=Russell%2C+M%3BGruber%2C+M&rft.aulast=Russell&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1987-01-01&rft.volume=236&rft.issue=4799&rft.spage=286&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Science&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: General. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Advances in the use of biotechnology for municipal pollution control AN - 13787775; 198803636 AB - The U.S. EPA's Water Engineering Research Laboratory established a research programme into biotechnology for municipal pollution control. Methyl reductase and hydrogenase (methanogenesis enzymes) had been cloned and the regulatory sequences of both enzymes were being characterized. Heavy metal removal from wastewaters using bacterial periplasmic binding proteins is discussed. Research on immobilization of the phosphate binding protein of Escherichia coli on agarose beads, immobilized cadmium binders, and the development of biosensor controllers for automation of bioadsorber systems is outlined. JF - UNEP Industry and Environment AU - Venosa, AD AD - U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio Y1 - 1987 PY - 1987 DA - 1987 SP - 11 EP - 12 VL - 10 IS - 4 KW - Enzymes (see also individual groups below) KW - U.s. environmental protection agency KW - Agarose KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00006:Sewage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13787775?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=UNEP+Industry+and+Environment&rft.atitle=Advances+in+the+use+of+biotechnology+for+municipal+pollution+control&rft.au=Venosa%2C+AD&rft.aulast=Venosa&rft.aufirst=AD&rft.date=1987-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=11&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=UNEP+Industry+and+Environment&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A comparison of geostatistical methods for estimating virus inactivation rates in groundwater AN - 13779418; S198928345 AB - Several geostatistical methods (kriging, cokriging, and combined kriging and regression) were applied to estimate the rate of inactivation of viruses in groundwater. The results can be used in conjunction with data on regional groundwater flow to estimate the distance that septic tanks should be placed from drinking water wells to prevent outbreaks of waterborne disease. Combined kriging and regression, which eliminated the need for laboratory studies on virus inactivation rates, gave results comparable with those obtained by the other 2 methods, and greatly reduced the costs of the analysis. JF - Water Research AU - Yates, M V AU - Yates AD - U.S. EPA, Ada, Okla. Y1 - 1987 PY - 1987 DA - 1987 SP - 1119 EP - 1125 VL - 21 IS - 9 SN - 0043-1354, 0043-1354 KW - Viruses (-general-) (see also individ grps below) KW - Diseases (see also individual groups below) KW - Waterborne KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13779418?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Research&rft.atitle=A+comparison+of+geostatistical+methods+for+estimating+virus+inactivation+rates+in+groundwater&rft.au=Yates%2C+M+V%3BYates&rft.aulast=Yates&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1987-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1119&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Research&rft.issn=00431354&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Application. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER -